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L-398

Sekonic L-398 Operating Instructions Manual

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86035000s
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PART
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Front
DESIGNATIONS
ACCESSORIES
Lumisphere
@
Hish
(H)
slide
@
EV mark DIN
mark@
topper
ASA
mark
O
@
Lu misphere
Light Footcandle
(incident
Aperture
(for
direct
Needle EV
scale
Dial
ring
Dial
scale@
H"mark
"L"mark
DIN
scale@
Stopper
ASA
scale
Film
sensitivity
selector knob
Cine scale Shutter speed Aperture
@
sensor@
scale
light)
value
readingl
@
@
O
button
@
@
scale
O
@
@
scale
@
@
@
Dial
scale
Lumidisc
Lumigrid
@
@
Optional
(sold
Direct
reading slides.
Accessories
separately) .
Rear
Zero
adjust
of
Total (set
of 11 slides
lldirect
reading
in
case).
slides
Page 6
BASIC
www.orphancameras.com
1.
Stopper Button
lf
the stopper
ed
when the
is
@
deflects
@
ness. released, at the By holding depressed and turning it so that the mark
the needle
,
Q At this time, flect
button is released. needle, counter-clockwise mark is
2. Zero Position
OPERATION
button
stopper
to
set
Then
the needle
indicated
freely
turn
positioned
the meter needle
,
Q
according
when
the
remains
position.
the
stopper
position
is released.
the meter
even if
the
stopper
to where the
e
Check
Operation
button
the
To
Adjustment
With stopper
position,
O with hand pletely
meter needle cates zero cation deviates observing meter coin or rear
zero
adjust
for
or
black
block
position.
similar
adjust zero
button
cover light
cloth to com-
light.
Check that
correctly indi-
@
lf
from
indication,
tool
to turn the
screw
indication.
press-
is
@
mark
to
bright-
button is
fixed
button
clockwise
becomes
will
stopper
fix
button
and
in
released
sensor
the indi-
zero,
while
use
@
OF METER
de-
the
a
and
UNIT
STANDARD ACCESSORY
Incident Light Measurement
1.
Lumisphere
Mount
a.
sensor white
frame turn clockwise
b.
Set to sensitivity ed side ASA value
ASA
From to be measured, sphere camera. be turned freely.) Hold
d.
stopper. button needle to per meter the location and the meter beyond slide @ .
Lumisphere
To mount,
.
@
dots
light
and
Lumisphere
to secure.
film
sensitivity knob
value
film.
Set ASA value
mark
left
to
. Photo
@
brightness. When
button
deflected
shows
(DrN
100
position
in
O
(Light
meter erect
deflects according
@
is
needle
becomes f ixed
excessively
is
scale,
light
to
@
align
of Lumisphere
sensor, then
caref ully
@
employ-
of
right
to
DIN
and
@
DIN mark
side
subject
Lumi-
@
press
and
Meter
the stop-
lf the
bright
deflects
High
the
for
is
can
at
setting
21).
where
point
direction of
sensor
@
released, the
position.
needle
insert
OPERATION
Page 7
*
www.orphancameras.com
www.orphancameras.com
Meter
intermediate
scale
--s\ Footcandles
val
e.
Read the
@
f.
Transfer the dial dial symbol L mark. slide thersymbol
g.
At
footcandle indication
of the
meter needle.
footcandle value
scale
@
has
@
been
Hmark.
and set the
ring
@
Rotate
lf
inserted,
the
High
to
the
set
this tirne, the shutter speed scale @ and aperture scale combination becomes the correct exposure.
Example: With High slide in-
indicates
serted, 80 ASA 100, the exposure
'l 1
1 sec at
meter
f
ootcandles. At
sec at
l25O
sec at
/30
f/90.
proper
becomes
f
15.6,
f/1
and
6
ntermediate
I Shutter aperture
a
*
Film sensitivity intermediate
Note: When
slide slot seriously aff required,
values
for
speed and
scale
,.s
/8-
values
no
is inserted,
slide
strong
light
may enter through the slot. Although this
ect exposure, if
cover slot
with
more accurate
hand.
.21
'io
9
directly striking the
does
exposure is
not
DIN
/9
20
?2-' 21
24'
t3 26-
10
Page 8
Lumidisc
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2.
Employ
adjustment
measurement.
o a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Example:
for illumination
and
contrast Mount Lumidisc @ sensor
manner as Hold
and
rectly light. Press stopper read indication
In the same
fill
cation
care
source Ratio in the contrast
measurement
lnstall
.
@
Lumisphere.
meter at
point
toward
meter
@
light
in
@
that
does between
footcandles
light
With main footcandles,
reads
llumination
I ratio becomes:
#=i
o
Luminance
a.
11
Mount
sensor
as
Lumidisc
in the
@
Lumisphere.
contrast
luminance
to
in the
subject
Lumidisc
center
button
scale
.
manner,
footcandle
In this case,
light
not
ratio.
320
Position
@
of
@
f
ootcandle
read
f rom main
enter sensor.
and
main
becomes
light at 640
fill in
footcandles.
contrast
or2:1
(lux)
measurement
to
@
manner
same
light
same
di-
main
and
the
indi-
use
fill
light
light
light
Place
b. c.
d.
Example: 80 lf meter
footcandle
Example: 80 x 32
Reflected
Lumidisc Press stopper button indication Multiply this
@
x
10.76 = 860.8
lects beyond
def
indication by 32.
2560 x 10.76
Light
1. Lumigrid Mount
a.
sensor
as
Set
b.
ployed formed for Point Lumigrid toward measured. As
d.
subject, from main
Use adequate that not interf ere.
Lumigrid
in
@
Lumisphere.
sensitivity
film.
in the same
part
measure
meter
light
of subject
point
shadow
incident
close as
parallel
@
@
2560
=
10.76 to lux
scale,
footcandles
27545.6
value by
=
Measurement
light
to
@
manner
same
the
em-
of
value
Setting
measurement.
@
possible
ref
of
care at
is
manner
directly
to be
to the
lected
subject.
this
etc. does
per-
light
time
with the
read meter
and
obtain
High
insert
lux
as
measured surface.
footcandle
scale
lux.
slide
6,thenmultiply
Page 9
Press
www.orphancameras.com
e.
f.
stopper button read meter indication
footcandles dent becomes simply a Transfer scale @ .
and
@
scale
However,
.
@
are
light
only, this value
indicated
Rotate
^
set
symbol
@
footcandle
units of
reference. value to dial the dial ring
H
@.
g.
At this time, shutter speed scale
@
correct
Note: Do
ref lected ment.
*
More obtained for ref lected light measurement standard
(optional
Other
Operations
1. Exposure (EV
Reading this perform
venient for
light value system shutter and
a aperture combination.
and aperture scale
@
combination
exposure.
not employ
accurate results
accessory).
becomes
slides
light
by using a
ref lectan
ce slide
measure-
can be
Value
number) Readout
exposure value to
setting becomes
cameras which
employ
and
since
inci-
mark
the
for
con-
Read meter candle indication
b.
Transfer dial
scale @ . Rotate dial
and
@
lf the High
@.
serted, set the
mark
value
EV
mark
@
exposure
2. Employing
lncident and measurements during tography are
manner as described
same viously. scale cine camera aperture pertains
However,
@
scale
to the
needle
@
@
number
this
^
set
symbol L
slide
a
symbol
.
@
indicated
becomes the correct
value.
Cine Scale
lected light
ref
cine
performed
since
numerals
correspond
film
speed,
indication that
@
employed
to the
by EV
in
the cine
read the
speed. Note: Some cine cameras
narrower rotating
a portion).
lt is
shutter angle
important versus shutter angle determine
proper
exposure. Refer instructions, maker's catalogue, inf
ormation.
exposure calculation:
and
0
position
is indicated
T=
angle
360xR
This
Shutter
Note: Standard theatrical
foot-
ring
mark
is
in-
H
pho-
the
pre-
to
film
possess
faster exposure times due
(angle
know the accurate
to
value
for
your
to
etc.
R = Frames exposed T=Exposuretime 0 = Shutter angle
cine
film
by
a
ts
speed
red line on the scale.
light
of
transmitting
film
camera
in order to
the camera
for
shutter
in 1 second
fps
24
at
to
speed
operating
speed
1/50
sec.
Page 10
3. Using Exposure Multipliers
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Exposure multiplier
H
and L marks of the dial scale. cut the muftiply the
L
exposure
exposure
marks, set the x112, x2 or x4 mark to
indications
112 U esser)
to
by 2 and
(xl
are
and the
4
x3
p
^
x2,
12,
provided
Use
(greater).
x1l2 when desiring to
the
x2
the
x4l
at both
and
Instead of the H and
footcandle value.
sides of the positions
x4
to
Shutter
-peed
-----
No.
Slide
I
2 3
4
5
6
7 I I
r0
ll
High
Note: One
The
t/uotIo
t/oo
/to
/tu
ASA
ASA
64
50 40 80 100 L25 32 64 80 25 50 64 80 100 200 400 20 40 50
16
ASA
r25
r60
100 t25
40
32 25
32 20 25 16 20 25
ASA
ASA
200
160
250
200 400
r60
100 r25 250
64 80 50 64 40
50 40
32
32 64
t2 l6 20 40
12
of
set
High
slides
slide
consists
also
can
of slide
be
numbers 1
used as a
direct
tlruotluro
t/ru
320
160 320 L25 250 100 200 400
160
80
25 50
-
11 in
reading slide.
320
L25 250
160
80
100
a case.
EMPLOYING SPECIAL
1. Direct Reading total
A with the Lumisphere and Lumidisc. with Lumigrid.) The employed
low illumination), however, it
The other slides are
used
I3
of 11
for
for
mode selection.
Slides
slides are available, all
High
slide, as mentioned
varying the
measuiing
can also be
specialized
for
ACCESSORIES
of which may
(Note
thatthey cannot be
range in
used
reading
direct
used together
be
previously,
2 steps
for
direct
and
(high
cannot
used
is
and
reading.
be
Direct Reading Slide
2. Application
photographing,
When from
the above
film
sensitivity and
Insert
slide in the same
ment incident aperture
meter
the
*
it is
Since reading slides,
table according
perform
and
light. Read directly the
value
@
needle@
necessary
not
setting becomes
select slide
shutter
manner
speed.
measure-
as
indicated by
to
to
for
rotate the dial when
fast
extremely
and
employing direct
convenient.
Ib
Page 11
MEASUREMENT
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WITH
1 . Portrait
There are for
example, of a skier the human subject simply purpose portrait when exposure mrlst be considered,
group.
a Measurement effectiveness described setting the ditions even
Photography
kinds
various
of determining the
photography.
human
the
adiusted
do
under
subject
to
incident light
by
portrait
in
in
the section on
proper
exposure
present a problem
not
lighting.
back
of human subject
against a
In the
is in
him. In
whether
photography.
EXAMPLES
VARIOUS
snowy mountain
picture
becomes
final
a
exposure,
addition, camera to subject distance
the (Lumisphere
Incident
for
this cannot be
analysis,
the
center
picture
Light
the human subject,
and subiect detail
SUBJECTS
photography.
detail
portrait photography of the
is
to
installed)
Perform
Measurement.
ln
background,
and
considered
picture
person
one
be
displays
measurement
lighting
preserved
is
a case,
for
and the
the
high
After
con-
Typical
2.
In the case of scenery, measure by using the Lumisphere camera Although the adequate, dissimilar, move same type as the camera optical axis.
measuring same conditions with the
is
or
as
buildings while
in the
position
if
position
etc.
main
section
Scenery
(refer
to
previously
lighting
conditions of subject and camera
the
meter to
those of
subjects can
the subiect and
lf
to the same type of
can
considered
be
be
Portrait Photography.
on
on Incident Light
section
described
position
a
the subject
hand
or
general
as
in
treated
Measurement).
standard
point
is
other
the same manner
holding
where conditions are the
in
a direction
shadowed,either move the
location
means.
middle
method
positions
parallel
reproduce
or
Portrayals
distance scenery,
asdescribed
at the
is
are
to
the
of
3. Observatorial refers
This field forms
Examples:
to the situation where a distant
important
an Observatories,
Scenes
part
distant
of the
views, etc.
pictured
object
scene.
in the
subject
1B
Page 12
Distant scenes
www.orphancameras.com
light
and can
Lumisphere
position. Determine
and
Then
exposure
haze
to
subject
are
easily overexposed.
be
measure by standard
point
Lumisphere
the
f
rom the mean
to atmospheric
due
For
this
method
the sun and
toward
the two
of
reason,
from the
obtained
effects on
first
use the camera
measure.
values.
4.
Snow Scenes Many cases of
a.
problems methods due to snow surface ment eliminates these ref lectivity in urban must therefore be is reduced
Example:
areas,
lf
T
of
by
becomes
approximately
this
declines
performed.
-
l
ltE
11125
11125 x 11,,,8 = 11177
occur with
glare.
concerns.
73o/o, while
only
Measurement by
112. f
at
=.
reflected
light measuring
Using incident light
fallen
Freshly
to
about 6o0/o. Compensation
snow
even
after several
standard method
16:
1t2OO or 11125 x
measure-
possesses
days
112 = 11250
a
Note: To obtain
.
Transfer scale)
Example:
mean the dial.
to
lf the and
320(8)
mean
40(2.8)
desired
Transfer
In
cases
average
dia
each
the
of
is
acceptable.
o
l.
19
values,
mean of the
the
value of the
footcandles
value becomes
footcandles,
two
footcandle
two
and 80(4)
160(5.6). the
value. Consequently,
footcandle value to the
same
aperture,
setting
perform
indications
footcandles
the
In
intermediate
that
transfer
obtain
dial to
shutter
the
follows.
as
(aperture
obtained,
are
of
80(4)
case
becomes value to the
exposure.
speed to
the
the
Note:2:
take
on a
finished
N
l
ltP
f
lectivity
quality
flour-like
appearance without
photograph.
112 compensation
value
of snow.
and soiling.
This
amount
vary
may
luster
in
is
based on the
according to snow
can the
re-
20
Page 13
N
www.orphancameras.com
ote 3: In situations with lighting Lumisphere will detect light f rom the snow means of blocking below
case.
b. In some
(sun
becomes
measurement under
glare
where
Lumigrid
from
the sky, then
measure.
and employ
slides.
5. Scenes
direct or top
near zenith),
surface.
the
required in this
good
cases,
is less
point
and
sure to set the H mark-at
Be
with Side
and snow scenes under direct
the
lected
ref
Some
light f rom
results
can
obtained with
be
light
back
light
from
or
Back
conditions,
sensor slightly downward
camera
position,
Lighting
Snow
ref
cloudy
lighting. Install
to
toward subject
aim
this time
surface
lected light
scenes
snow
light
block
and do
not
In
typical
a 3-dimensional
usually the Lumisphere occasion, to produce
more and measure mean value
6.
In foreground background, remove sun to measure without foreground
cases of
subject
strongly
the
brighter
In
see.
Silhouette
situations such
some instances,
a special
attractive result,
by standard method,
(same
Photography
against the
inserting High
becomes silhouetted
lighted. can
technique
as a silhouette of
(as
back and
portions
photographic
slide
side
facing
the
Even
bring out detail
perform
with
though
can become overexposed
this
as
used
as
setting sun
point
and
Ref lected
slide,
set to H mark. In
lighting,
camera
effect composition,
follows.
then determine exposure f rom
by
although the surface
becomes dark,
standard measurement
of
the darker
even
can
but
First use the
for
Observatorial Scenes).
person,
a
and brilliantly shining Lumisphere
underexposing
tree or
Measurement).
Light
a
portions,
and difficult
enhanced
be
for
a
Lumisphere
bridge in
toward the
this manner,
light
the
portion
generally
of
with
on
to
the
the
sky
as
setting
Then
the
source.
is
Page 14
Page 15
Page 16
here isan
www.orphancameras.com
Shown
Lumisphere
measuring method
needle indicates
meter candles. With ASA 100, exposure
example
and
without
film
of using
normal
by
slide,
foot-
640 sensitivity of becomes
and shutter speed 1 second.
mark
at this
time
indicates
20.
Hold
b.
c.
f
45
meter
each
surface of
To determine
highest meter highest value
becomes
80/5 = 1611
about 1Scm
the
from
subject and read
the luminance
indication
is
80 and the lowest
by
or 16 :
the subject,
range,
it is
lowest.
the
1.
point
footcandle
the
sufficient
For example,
Lumigrid
scale value.
to
divide
if
5, the luminance range
to
the
the
H
nance range
Lumi
measurement
This 20
In the
reflectivity
indicates
condition,
same
of 18%
ind icate 20.
When
determining
a
H
the
regardless lf
the
H a mark
will
mark
of whether or
measured
does
with the Lumigrid cannot be
light
strength.
footcandles,
In other words, af
ref lected
the Lumigrid.
2. Determining Install Lumigrid
a.
slide.
subject
Since the meter
employ meter
27
the
exact
center
point
install Lumigrid
is measured,
exposure
always
not
value is
not
reach the
this
using the Lumisphere
by
indicate
the
the center
High
set to the dial scale L
scale,
performed
the
light measurement cannot
luminance range
place
in
of Lumisphere and
needle
value
scale
@
to compute
luminance range.
of the
means
when standard
and
the dial scale
that
or Lumidisc,
slide
^
mark
and
luminance range,
of
is inserted.
reflected light measurement
insuff icient
due to
incident
light is less
be
remove
ind icates relative
luminance ratio.
the
incident
than
performed
installed
any
luminance,
with
will
the
160
To obtain superior
3.
lower limits. Adequate
a.
film is fess times With a luminance
b.
luminance that surface a
if
within
than 4 times (
i.e. :
reduction
slight
color
overall luminanc€ range
is higher
will
requ ired. Conversely, a
c.
than in
order
(center
5
to
obtain
photographs,
color
photographs
the subject
the center
center
than
become
of
portion
point
can be obtained with typical color
luminance
point
point
(center
80
faded in
incident light to
with a measured minimum
=
20 + 4
an acceptable
determine upper
distribution, the
minimum more
and
becomes
if
of 20,
the
point
photograph.
the
less
measured maximum
20 x 4
this
maximum
than
1 6 :
than
=
80), color
Consequently,
portion
.becomes
luminance less
requires increased illumination
5) photograph.
col<ir
and
114
1
).
of
28
Page 17
Page 18
Page 19
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