ROHDE & SCHWARZ RTH B1 User guide

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R&S®Scope Rider RTH Handheld Digital Oscilloscope

User Manual

(=J?Ü2)

1326.1578.02 ─ 09

User Manual

This manual describes the following R&S®RTH models with firmware version 1.60:

●

R&S®RTH1004 (1317.5000K04)

●

R&S®RTH1002 (1317.5000K02)

In addition to the base unit, the following options are described:

●

R&S®RTH-K1 I2C/SPI triggering and decoding (1325.9969.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K2 UART/RS232 triggering and decoding (1325.9975.02)

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R&S®RTH-K3 CAN/LIN triggering & decoding (1333.0550.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K9 CAN FD triggering & decoding (1326.3829.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K10 SENT triggering & decoding (1326.3835.02)

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R&S®RTH-K15 History and segmented memory (1326.1803.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K18 Spectrum analysis (1333.0680.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K19 Advanced trigger (1326.0642.02)

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R&S®RTH-B1 Mixed signal option (1325.9981.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K33 Frequency counter (1333.0696.02)

●

R&S®RTH-K34 Harmonic analysis (1333.0673.02)

© 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.

R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of their owners.

Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®Scope Rider RTH is indicated as R&S RTH.

Basic Safety Instructions

Symbol

Meaning

Symbol

Meaning

Notice, general danger location Observe product documentation

ON/OFF Power

Caution when handling heavy equipment

Standby indication

Danger of electric shock

Direct current (DC)

Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!

All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in

accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a condition fully

complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them.

Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the product is used for any purpose other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.

The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using the product requires technical skills and, in some cases, a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.

Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories. For product-specific information, see the data sheet and the product documentation.

Safety labels on products

The following safety labels are used on products to warn against risks and dangers.

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Basic Safety Instructions

Symbol

Meaning

Symbol

Meaning

Caution ! Hot surface

Alternating current (AC)

Protective conductor terminal To identify any terminal which is intended for connection to an external conductor for protection against electric shock in case of a fault, or the terminal of a protective earth

Direct/alternating current (DC/AC)

Earth (Ground)

Class II Equipment to identify equipment meeting the safety requirements specified for Class II equipment (device protected by double or reinforced insulation)

Frame or chassis Ground terminal

EU labeling for batteries and accumulators For additional information, see section "Waste

disposal/Environmental protection", item 1.

Be careful when handling electrostatic sensitive devices

EU labeling for separate collection of electrical and electronic devices

For additional information, see section "Waste disposal/Environmental protection", item 2.

Warning! Laser radiation For additional information, see section

"Operation", item 7.

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-related, e.g. messages relating to property damage. In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.

Signal words and their meaning

The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks and dangers.

These signal words are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the signal words described here are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The use of signal words in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury or material damage.

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Basic Safety Instructions

Operating states and operating positions

The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work performed.

1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products: predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, use only indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level, max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency, overvoltage category 2, pollution degree 2.

2. Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or even death.

3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or even death.

Electrical safety

If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.

1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product matches the nominal voltage of the mains-supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly.

2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is permitted only on sockets with a protective conductor contact and protective conductor.

3. Intentionally breaking the protective conductor either in the feed line or in the product itself is not permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension cords or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are safe to use.

4. If there is no power switch for disconnecting the product from the mains, or if the power switch is not suitable for this purpose, use the plug of the connecting cable to disconnect the product from the mains. In such cases, always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times. For example, if the power plug is the disconnecting device, the length of the connecting cable must not exceed 3 m. Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems, the disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.

5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cables on a regular basis to ensure that they are in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully laying the power cable, ensure that the cable cannot be damaged and that no one can be hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.

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Basic Safety Instructions

6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fuse-protected with max. 16 A (higher fuse only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).

7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the socket provided for this purpose. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur.

8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric shocks.

9. For measurements in circuits with voltages V

> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate

rms

measuring equipment, fuse protection, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be taken to avoid any hazards.

10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial computers, comply with the IEC 60950-1 / EN 60950-1 or IEC 61010-1 / EN 61010-1 standards that apply in each case.

11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the product.

12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the protective conductor terminal on site and the product's protective conductor must be made first before any other connection is made. The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.

13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective devices, the supply circuit must be fuse-protected in such a way that anyone who has access to the product, as well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.

14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock.

15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.

16. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and operating positions", item 1). Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury.

17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water increases the risk of electric shock.

18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers.

Operation

1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable personnel for operating the products.

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Basic Safety Instructions

2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport".

3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction (allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or stress.

4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal/Environmental protection", item 1.

5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection, pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the potential danger.

6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and protective clothing must be worn.

7. Laser products are given warning labels that are standardized according to their laser class. Lasers can cause biological harm due to the properties of their radiation and due to their extremely concentrated electromagnetic power. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation. The objective is to prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams).

8. EMC classes (in line with EN 55011/CISPR 11, and analogously with EN 55022/CISPR 22, EN 55032/CISPR 32)  Class A equipment:

Equipment suitable for use in all environments except residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings Note: Class A equipment is intended for use in an industrial environment. This equipment may cause radio disturbances in residential environments, due to possible conducted as well as radiated disturbances. In this case, the operator may be required to take appropriate measures to eliminate these disturbances.

 Class B equipment:

Equipment suitable for use in residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings

Repair and service

1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.

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Basic Safety Instructions

2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical experts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, protective conductor test, insulation resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure the continued safety of the product.

Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells

If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.

1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.

2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided. Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth.

3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they are ready to be used.

4. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted.

5. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid.

6. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product.

7. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling.

8. Follow the transport stipulations of the carrier (IATA-DGR, IMDG-Code, ADR, RID) when returning lithium batteries to Rohde & Schwarz subsidiaries.

Transport

1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases, the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid back or other physical injuries.

2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage.

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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales

3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.

Waste disposal/Environmental protection

1. Specially marked equipment has a battery or accumulator that must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste, but must be collected separately. It may only be disposed of at a suitable collection point or via a Rohde & Schwarz customer service center.

2. Waste electrical and electronic equipment must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste, but must be collected separately. Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept and takes full responsibility for take-back obligations and disposal obligations for manufacturers within the EU. Contact your Rohde & Schwarz customer service center for environmentally responsible disposal of the product.

3. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal regulations must be observed.

4. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems and lead to environmental damage.

For additional information about environmental protection, visit the Rohde & Schwarz website.

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Safety instructions for rechargeable lithium ion

Risk of serious personal injury or even death.

You must fully observe the following instructions in order to

avoid serious personal injury ‒ or even death ‒ due to an

explosion and/or fire.

batteries

1. Do not dismantle, open or crush the batteries or drop them from a great height. If mechanical damage occurs, there is a risk that chemicals may be released. Gases that are released can cause breathing difficulties. Immediately ventilate the area and in serious cases consult a doctor. Irritation can occur if the chemicals that are released come in contact with the skin or eyes. If this happens, immediately and thoroughly rinse the skin or eyes with water and consult a doctor.

2. Do not expose cells or batteries to heat or fire. Do not store them in direct sunlight. If overheating occurs, there is the risk of an explosion or a fire, which can lead to serious personal injuries.

3. Keep the batteries clean and dry. If the terminals become soiled, clean them with a dry, clean cloth.

4. Charge the batteries prior to using them. Only use the appropriate Rohde & Schwarz charger to charge the batteries. See the device manual or data sheet for the exact designation of the charger. If the batteries are improperly charged, there is a risk of explosion, which can cause serious personal injury.

5. The charging temperature must be between 0 °C and 45 °C (see manual for information on possible restrictions).

6. Discharging may take place only at temperatures between 0 °C and 50 °C (see manual for information on possible restrictions).

7. Only charge batteries until they are fully charged. Frequent overcharging can reduce the battery lifetime.

8. Remove the battery from the device when the battery is not being used. Following a longer period of storage, it may be necessary to charge and discharge the battery several times in order to obtain the full capacity.

9. Only use the battery with designated Rohde & Schwarz devices. See the device manual for details.

10. Do not dispose of the batteries with unsorted municipal waste. The batteries must be collected separately. After the end of their life, dispose of the batteries at a suitable collection point or via a Rohde & Schwarz customer service center.

EU labeling for batteries and secondary cells

11. Follow the transport stipulations of the carrier (IATA-DGR, IMDG-Code, ADR, RID) when returning lithium batteries to Rohde & Schwarz subsidiaries.

12. Keep this safety information for future reference.

1171.1507.71 - 02 1

Customer Support

Technical support – where and when you need it

For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz equipment.

Up-to-date information and upgrades

To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish. We will take care that you will get the right information.

Europe, Africa, Middle East

North America

Latin America

Asia/Pacific

China

Phone +49 89 4129 12345

customersupport@rohde-schwarz.com

Phone 1-888-TEST-RSA (1-888-837-8772)

customer.support@rsa.rohde-schwarz.com

Phone +1-410-910-7988

customersupport.la@rohde-schwarz.com

Phone +65 65 13 04 88

customersupport.asia@rohde-schwarz.com

Phone +86-800-810-8228 / +86-400-650-5896

customersupport.china@rohde-schwarz.com

1171.0200.22-06.00

R&S®Scope Rider RTH

1 Getting Started....................................................................................... 7

1.1 Preface........................................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Preparing for Use........................................................................................................ 10

1.3 Instrument Tour...........................................................................................................16

1.4 Operating Basics.........................................................................................................22

1.5 Maintenance................................................................................................................ 35

2 Waveform Setup...................................................................................37

2.1 Connecting Probes..................................................................................................... 37

2.2 Vertical Setup.............................................................................................................. 38

2.3 Horizontal Setup..........................................................................................................42

Contents

2.4 Acquisition Control.....................................................................................................44

2.5 Trigger..........................................................................................................................46

3 Waveform Analysis..............................................................................74

3.1 Zoom............................................................................................................................ 74

3.2 Automatic Measurements.......................................................................................... 76

3.3 Cursor Measurements................................................................................................ 82

3.4 Mathematics................................................................................................................ 86

3.5 Reference Waveforms................................................................................................ 88

3.6 XY-Diagram..................................................................................................................92

3.7 History (Option R&S RTH-K15).................................................................................. 93

4 Mask Testing........................................................................................ 99

4.1 Accessing the Mask Mode......................................................................................... 99

4.2 Mask Test Results.......................................................................................................99

4.3 Running Mask Tests................................................................................................. 100

4.4 Mask Settings............................................................................................................ 101

5 Spectrum Analysis.............................................................................104

5.1 FFT Mode................................................................................................................... 104

5.2 Spectrum Mode (Option R&S RTH-K18)................................................................. 109

5.3 Harmonics Measurement (Option R&S RTH-K34)..................................................126

6 Multimeter Measurements.................................................................138

3User Manual 1326.1578.02 ─ 09

R&S®Scope Rider RTH

6.1 Digital Multimeter (R&S RTH1002)...........................................................................138

6.2 Voltmeter (R&S RTH1004)........................................................................................ 143

7 Data Logging...................................................................................... 149

7.1 Accessing the Logger Mode.................................................................................... 149

7.2 Logger Display.......................................................................................................... 149

7.3 Using the Logger.......................................................................................................150

7.4 Logger Settings.........................................................................................................153

7.5 Analyzing Logged Data............................................................................................ 155

7.6 Export of Logger Records........................................................................................160

8 Protocol Analysis...............................................................................165

8.1 Basics of Protocol Analysis.....................................................................................165

8.2 I2C (Option R&S RTH-K1).........................................................................................171

Contents

8.3 SPI (Option R&S RTH-K1).........................................................................................179

8.4 UART/RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 (Option R&S RTH-K2).............................................185

8.5 CAN (Option R&S RTH-K3/R&S RTH-K9)................................................................191

8.6 LIN (Option R&S RTH-K3).........................................................................................203

8.7 SENT (Option R&S RTH-K10)...................................................................................212

9 Logic Analyzer (R&S RTH-B1 MSO)................................................. 236

9.1 Logic Analyzer Settings........................................................................................... 236

9.2 Triggering on Logic Channels................................................................................. 239

9.3 Analyzing Logic Channels....................................................................................... 239

10 Frequency Counter (R&S RTH-K33)................................................. 241

10.1 Accessing the Counter Mode...................................................................................241

10.2 Display and Control.................................................................................................. 242

10.3 Performing a Counter Measurement....................................................................... 245

10.4 Counter Settings....................................................................................................... 247

11 Documenting Results........................................................................ 250

11.1 Using USB Flash Drive............................................................................................. 250

11.2 Filesystem Tools....................................................................................................... 251

11.3 Instrument Settings.................................................................................................. 253

11.4 Waveforms.................................................................................................................255

11.5 Logger Records.........................................................................................................261

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R&S®Scope Rider RTH

11.6 Quick Save with OneTouch......................................................................................261

11.7 Screenshots...............................................................................................................263

12 General Instrument Setup................................................................. 265

12.1 Resetting the Instrument..........................................................................................265

12.2 Disabling the Touchscreen...................................................................................... 265

12.3 Selfalignment.............................................................................................................265

12.4 Setting the Date, Time and Language..................................................................... 267

12.5 Instrument Settings.................................................................................................. 268

12.6 Display Settings........................................................................................................ 270

12.7 Options.......................................................................................................................271

12.8 Updating the Firmware............................................................................................. 274

13 Network Connections........................................................................ 276

Contents

13.1 LAN Connection........................................................................................................ 276

13.2 USB connection........................................................................................................ 278

13.3 Wireless LAN Connection (Option R&S RTH-K200/200US).................................. 278

13.4 Web Interface (Option R&S RTH-K201)...................................................................281

14 Remote Control Commands..............................................................282

14.1 Conventions used in Command Description......................................................... 282

14.2 Mode...........................................................................................................................282

14.3 Waveform Setup........................................................................................................283

14.4 Waveform Analysis................................................................................................... 317

14.5 Mask Testing............................................................................................................. 331

14.6 Spectrum Analysis....................................................................................................335

14.7 Digital Multimeter (R&S RTH1002)...........................................................................361

14.8 Voltmeter (R&S RTH1004)........................................................................................ 377

14.9 Counter Mode (R&S RTH-K33).................................................................................389

14.10 Data Logging............................................................................................................. 396

14.11 Protocol Analysis......................................................................................................408

14.12 Logic Analyzer (R&S RTH-B1 MSO)........................................................................ 470

14.13 Documenting Results............................................................................................... 473

14.14 General Instrument Setup........................................................................................ 485

14.15 WLAN Connection (Option R&S RTH-K200/200US)...............................................487

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R&S®Scope Rider RTH

Annex.................................................................................................. 489

A SCPI Command Structure................................................................. 489

A.1 Syntax for Common Commands............................................................................. 489

A.2 Syntax for Device-Specific Commands.................................................................. 490

A.3 SCPI Parameters....................................................................................................... 492

A.4 Overview of Syntax Elements.................................................................................. 495

A.5 Structure of a Command Line..................................................................................496

A.6 Responses to Queries.............................................................................................. 497

B Command Sequence and Synchronization..................................... 498

B.1 Preventing Overlapping Execution......................................................................... 498

List of Commands..............................................................................500

Contents

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R&S®Scope Rider RTH

1 Getting Started

Getting Started

Preface

1.1 Preface

1.1.1 Key Features

The R&S RTH is the perfect multi-purpose tool for the lab and in the field. Outstanding key features are:

●

Full isolation of all channels and interfaces

●

CAT IV 600 V / CAT III 1000 V safety rating

●

Bandwidth 60 MHz to 500 MHz with 5 GS/s sampling rate

●

Acquisition speed up to 50.000 waveforms per second

●

2 mV/div sensitivity

●

Up to 200 V offset range

●

33 automatic measurement functions

●

Full operation using touch or keypad

●

Wireless LAN and Ethernet for web based remote control and quick data access (optional)

The R&S RTH combines:

●

Lab performance oscilloscope

●

Logic analyzer with 8 digital inputs (optional)

●

Protocol analyzer with trigger and decode (optional)

●

Data logger

●

Digital multimeter (R&S RTH1002)

1.1.2 Input Isolation

The instrument has independently floating isolated inputs. Each input channel has its own signal input and its own reference input. Each input channel is electrically isolated from the other input channels. Therefore, each reference of the used inputs must be connected to a reference voltage. Furthermore, input channels are electrically isolated from the communication ports and the power adapter input.

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R&S®Scope Rider RTH

Getting Started

Preface

Figure 1-1: Isolation scheme of the R&S RTH

The input isolation has several advantages:

●

You can measure independently floating signals simultaneously.

●

The risk of causing a short circuit while measuring multiple signals is reduced substantially.

●

When measuring signals with different grounds, the induced ground currents are kept to a minimum.

1.1.3 Measurement Categories

To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010-2-030 defines particular safety requirements for testing and measuring circuits. The standard introduces measurement categories that rate instruments on their ability to resist short transient overvoltages that occur in addition to the working voltage of the instrument and can exceed the working voltage many times over.

Measurement categories are distinguished as follows:

●

O - Instruments without rated measurement category For measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to mains, for example, electronics, circuits powered by batteries, and specially protected secondary circuits. This measurement category is also known as CAT I.

●

CAT II:

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For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the low-voltage installation by a standard socket outlet, for example, household appliances and portable tools.

●

CAT III: For measurements performed in the building installation, such as junction boxes, circuit breakers, distribution boards, and equipment with permanent connection to the fixed installation.

●

CAT IV: For measurements performed at the source of the low-voltage installation, such as electricity meters and primary overcurrent protection devices.

Getting Started

Preface

Figure 1-2: Examples of measurement categories

The higher the category, the higher the expected transient overvoltage. Overvoltages can overload a circuit and cause electrical and physical damage. Therefore, use the measurement instrument only in electrical environments for which the instrument is rated.

The measurement categories correspond to the overvoltage categories of the IEC60664 standards. Working voltages stated in context with measurement categories are always specified as effective voltages V (RMS) against earth ground.

1.1.4 Documentation Overview

The user documentation for the R&S RTH consists of the following parts:

●

Instrument Help The instrument help is part of the instrument's firmware. It offers quick, contextsensitive access to the complete information directly on the instrument.

●

Basic Safety Instructions This brochure provides safety instructions and operating conditions and further important information. The brochure is delivered with the instrument in printed form.

●

Getting Started The Getting Started manual provides the information needed to set up and start working with the instrument, and describes basic operations. The English edition of this manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form. Editions in other lan-

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guages and the newest version of the English manual are available on the product website.

●

User Manual The user manual describes all instrument modes and functions in detail. It also provides an introduction to remote control and a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples. The newest version of the manual is available in English on the R&S RTH product website at www.rohde-

schwarz.com/manual/rth.

●

Data Sheet The data sheet contains the complete instrument specification. It also lists the options and their order numbers, and optional accessories. The data sheet is available on the R&S RTH product website at www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-data-

sheet/rth.

●

Calibration Certificate The document is available on https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com/calcert.

●

Open Source Acknowledgment The Open Source Acknowledgment document provides verbatim license text of open source software that is used in the instrument's firmware. It is available on the R&S RTH website at www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/rth, and it can be read directly on the instrument.

●

Instrument security procedures manual Provides information on security issues when working with the R&S RTH in secure areas.

●

Application cards and application notes These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics. See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/rth

Getting Started

Preparing for Use

1.2 Preparing for Use

This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the R&S RTH for the first time.

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Shock hazard caused by high voltages

The instrument must be used in an appropriate manner to prevent electric shock, fire, personal injury, or damage.

●

Do not open the instrument casing.

●

Do not use the instrument if the instrument casing, the display or any probe or accessory are damaged. If you detect or suspect any damage, have the instrument or accessory inspected by qualified service personnel.

●

Use only specified probes and accessories that comply with the measurement category of your measurement task. If you use other than Rohde & Schwarz accessories, make sure that they are suitable to the instrument and the measurement task.

●

Do not operate the instrument in wet, damp or explosive atmospheres. Make sure that all connectors are completely dry before connecting the inputs.

●

Voltages higher than 30 V RMS or 42 V peak or 60 V DC are regarded as hazardous contact voltages. Make sure that only electrically skilled persons may use the R&S RTH for measurements on hazardous contact voltages because these working conditions require special education and experience to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create.

●

Observe the operating conditions specified in the data sheet. Note that the general safety instructions also contain information on operating conditions that will prevent damage to the instrument.

●

Read and observe the "Basic Safety Instructions" delivered as a printed brochure with the instrument. In addition, read and observe the safety instructions in the following sections.

Getting Started

Preparing for Use

1.2.1 Unpacking the Instrument

When you receive your shipping package, unpack and inspect the package and its contents for damage.

1. Inspect the package for damage. If the packaging material shows any signs of stress, notify the carrier as well as your Rohde & Schwarz service center. Keep the package and cushioning material for inspection. Keep a damaged package and the cushioning material until the contents have been checked for completeness and the instrument has been tested.

2. Unpack the handheld scope and the accessories and check the contents for completeness, see "Package contents" on page 12. If anything is missing, contact your Rohde & Schwarz service center.

3. Inspect the handheld scope and the accessories. If there is any damage or defect, or if the R&S RTH does not operate properly, notify your Rohde & Schwarz service center.

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Packing material

Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or shipped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.

Package contents

The delivery package contains the following items:

●

R&S RTH handheld scope

●

4 Gbyte microSD card, installed in the battery compartment

●

Power adapter with cable and adapter set for various socket types

●

Battery pack

●

R&S RT-ZI10 probes (2x for R&S RTH1002; 4x for R&S RTH1004)

●

DMM test leads (only for R&S RTH1002)

●

Hand strap, attached on the handheld scope

●

Printed "Getting Started" manual and "Basic Safety Instructions" brochure

Getting Started

Preparing for Use

Optional accessories and their order numbers are listed in the data sheet.

1.2.2 Inserting and Charging the Battery

Before you can use the handheld scope for the first time, insert the battery pack and charge it.

Risk of electrical shock during battery replacement

●

Disconnect power supply, probes, test leads and all other cables before opening the battery cover.

●

Use only the specified Li-Ion battery pack, which is delivered with the instrument. You can order additional battery packs at Rohde & Schwarz, see Data Sheet for order number.

●

Do not operate the instrument with the battery cover open.

●

Use only the specified power adapter, which is delivered with the instrument.

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Getting Started

Preparing for Use

1. Turn off the instrument power. Remove power supply, probes, test leads and all other cables.

2. Fold out the tilt stand on the back of the instrument.

3. Screw open the battery cover.

4. Insert the battery pack.

5. Screw down the battery cover.

6. Connect the power adapter to the connector on the left side of the scope, and fully charge the battery. Charging may take a few hours.

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Getting Started

Preparing for Use

If the instrument is on, the battery status is shown on the display.

Replace used batteries periodically by new batteries after 24 months of usage.

Observe the safety regulations in the "Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells" chapter in the "Basis Safety Instructions" brochure, which is delivered with the instrument.

1.2.3 Powering On/Off

►

Press the

POWER key to switch the instrument on or off.

The key blinks and turns green after a few seconds.

Table 1-1: Colors of the Power key

Green Power is on

Blue Charging the battery, power is off

Orange (yellow) Battery is fully charged, power adapter is connected, power is off

If you do not use the instrument for a longer time, the battery gets exhausted. When you connect the power supply and switch on the instrument with exhausted battery, it takes a few minutes until the instrument can start.

1.2.4 Using the Tilt Stand

The R&S RTH has a tilt stand for proper handling while the scope is placed on a table.

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► Pull the tilt stand as shown below.

Getting Started

Preparing for Use

1.2.5 EMI Suppression

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) may affect the measurement results.

To suppress generated Electromagnetic Interference:

●

Use suitable shielded cables of high quality. For example use double-shielded RF and LAN cables.

●

Always terminate open cable ends.

●

Note the EMC classification in the data sheet.

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Getting Started

Instrument Tour

1.3 Instrument Tour

1.3.1 Front View

Figure 1-3: Front panel of the R&S RTH1002

1 = Touch display 2 = Waveform setup with AUTOSET, reset to default with PRESET 3 = Analysis functions 4 = Mode selection 5 = Save/Recall 6 = Instrument settings 7 = Power on/off 8 = Navigation controls 9 = Horizontal settings 10 = Run/stop acquisition and trigger settings 11 = Acquisition settings 12 = Screenshot and documentation output 13 = Channels and vertical settings 14 = Multimeter measurements

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Getting Started

Instrument Tour

Figure 1-4: Front panel of the R&S RTH1004

For a description of the keys, see Chapter 1.4.1.3, "Using Front Panel Keys", on page 29.

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Getting Started

Instrument Tour

1.3.2 Top View

The R&S RTH1002 has two BNC input connectors CH1 and CH2, and two 4 mm banana plug inputs for multimeter measurements. The channel inputs have double channel-to-channel isolation that allows for independent floating measurements at each input. The DMM input is fully isolated from scope inputs, interfaces, and ground.

Figure 1-5: Top view of R&S RTH1002

The R&S RTH1004 has four BNC input connectors CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4. The channel inputs have double channel-to-channel isolation that allows for independent floating measurements at each input.

Figure 1-6: Top view of R&S RTH1004

Shock hazard caused by high voltages

To avoid electrical shock and personal injury, and to prevent damage to the instrument or any other products connected to it, observe the following:

●

Do not apply input voltages above the rating of the instrument and the accessories.

●

Use only probes, test leads, and adapters that comply with the measurement category (CAT) of your measurement task.

●

Test leads and measurement accessories used for multimeter measurements on a live mains circuit must be rated for CAT III or CAT IV according to IEC 61010-031. The voltage of the measured circuit must not exceed the rated voltage value.

Maximum input voltage:

●

At BNC inputs: CAT IV 300 V

●

With probe R&S RT-ZI10 or R&S RT-ZI11: CAT IV 600 V, CAT III 1000 V

●

Meter input: CAT IV 600 V; CAT III 1000 V

Voltage ratings: V RMS (50 to 60 Hz) for AC sine wave and V DC for DC applications.

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Risk of electrical shock or fire

Voltages higher than 30 V RMS or 42 V peak or 60 V DC are regarded as hazardous contact voltages. When working with hazardous contact voltages, use appropriate protective measures to preclude direct contact with the measurement setup:

●

Use only insulated voltage probes, test leads and adapters.

●

Do not touch voltages higher than 30 V RMS or 42 V peak or 60 V DC.

See also: Chapter 1.1.2, "Input Isolation", on page 7.

Getting Started

Instrument Tour

1.3.3 Right View

= LAN 2 = USB type B for remote control 3 = Probe compensation 4 = USB type A for flash drive 5 = Logic probe connector

Risk of injury or instrument damage

Always close the lids of the communication ports and DC input when they are not in use.

LAN connector

RJ-45 connector to connect the instrument to a Local Area Network (LAN). It supports up to 100 Mbit/s.

USB type A connector

USB type A connector to connect a USB flash drive to store and reload instrument settings and measurement data.

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USB type B connector (mini USB)

Mini USB connector to connect a computer for remote control of the instrument.

Probe compensation

Probe compensation terminal to support adjustment of passive probes to the oscilloscope channel.

Logic probe connector

Input for the logic probe R&S RT-ZL04. Logic analysis requires Mixed Signal Option R&S RTH-B1, which includes the logic probe R&S RT-ZL04.

Risk of electrical shock - no CAT rating for MSO measurements

The logic probe R&S RT-ZL04 is not rated for any measurement category. To avoid electrical shock or personal injury, and to prevent material damage, make sure that the ground clips of the R&S RT-ZL04 are connected to protective earth on the DUT.

Getting Started

Instrument Tour

1.3.4 Left View

= DC input

1 2 = Kensington lock slot

DC input

Connector for the power adapter to charge the battery.

Kensington lock slot

The Kensington lock is used to secure the instrument against theft.

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Getting Started

Instrument Tour

1.3.5 Rear View

1 = Tilt stand to fold out 2 = Thread hole M5 3 = Battery compartment

1.3.6 Display Overview

In the most important modes scope, mask and XY, the display shows the following information.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

1 = Measurement results, depends on the mode and the selected measurement 2 = Time scale (horizontal scale, in s/division) 3 = Trigger type, trigger source, and trigger mode 4 = Capture status 5 = Battery status and AC connectivity for battery charging; date and time 6 = Trigger level marker, has the color of the trigger source 7 = Trigger position marker, has the color of the trigger source 8 = Channel markers indicate the ground levels. Channel C3 has the focus 9 = Vertical settings for each active channel: vertical scale (vertical sensitivity, in V/division), bandwidth limit

(no indicator = full bandwidth, BW= limited frequency), coupling (AC or DC) 10 = Logic channels (MSO R&S RTH-B1) 11 = Menu button

You can adjust the vertical position of each waveform, the trigger level, and the trigger position by dragging the corresponding marker on the display. Alternatively, tap a marker to set the focus, and use the wheel to adjust position.

1.4 Operating Basics

1.4.1 Accessing the Functionality

The complete functionality is available in the menus and dialogs on the touchscreen. You can touch the functions directly on the display, or you can use the wheel to navigate and select. In addition, the most important functions are applied to the keys on the front panel to set up and perform measurement tasks quickly.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

1.4.1.1 Using the Touchscreen

Using the touchscreen of the R&S RTH is as easy as using your mobile phone. To open the menu, tap the "Menu" button - that is the R&S logo in the right bottom corner of the display.

Figure 1-7: Open the menu and select a menu item

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

Figure 1-8: Switch on or off (left) and select a parameter value (right)

Figure 1-9: Enter numerical value and unit

1.4.1.2 Using the Navigation Wheel

In addition or alternatively to the touchscreen, you can use the wheel to control the R&S RTH.

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When using the wheel, always observe the position of the focus - the orange frame or other highlighting that marks the active object on the screen.

●

If the focus is on the menu button or somewhere in the menu or dialogs:

– Turn the wheel to move the focus.

– Press the wheel button to apply the selection.

●

If the focus is on an element in the diagram, for example, on a waveform, cursor line, or trigger level:

– Turn the wheel to change the position of the active element.

– Press the wheel button to toggle the active element, for example, to toggle the

The BACK key closes open dialogs and menus, and resets the focus to the "Menu" button.

Menu navigation

The following procedure describes how to access and navigate the menu. Navigating dialogs and selecting parameter values works in the same way. See also Figure 1-10.

Getting Started

Operating Basics

cursor lines, or zoom size and zoom position.

1. Press BACK until the focus is on the "Menu" button.

2. Press the wheel button to open the menu.

3. Turn the wheel to move the focus to the required menu item.

4. Press the wheel button to open the dialog, submenu, or keypad for the selected

menu item.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

Figure 1-10: Open the menu and select a menu item

Set numerical value using the wheel

1. Set the focus to the required setting, and press the wheel button once.

2. Turn the wheel until the required value is shown.

3. Press BACK.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

Figure 1-11: Set numerical value using the wheel

Data entry using wheel and keypad

You can enter precise numerical values on the keypad. See also Figure 1-12.

1. Set the focus to the required setting, and press the wheel button twice.

2. Turn the wheel until the focus is on the required number.

3. Press the wheel button.

4. Turn the wheel until the focus is on the required unit.

5. Press the wheel button.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

Figure 1-12: Enter numerical value and unit in the keypad

The SHIFT button toggles the wheel focus in the keypad. If the focus is on the entry field, turning the wheel changes the value. If the focus is in the lower part, the wheel selects numbers and unit.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

1.4.1.3 Using Front Panel Keys

For an overview of the front panel keys, see Figure 1-4

Key Press shortly Press and hold

AUTOSET analyses the active channels, adjusts the instrument settings, and displays stable waveforms.

PRESET sets the instrument to the default factory state.

MEAS starts or stops the last configured automatic measurements.

ZOOM enables or disables the zoom with the last configuration.

If the zoom is on but not in focus, pressing the key focuses the zoom.

CURSOR starts or stops the last configured cursor measurement.

If the cursor is on but not in focus, pressing the key sets the focus to the first cursor line.

Opens or closes the "Meas" dialog to configure the measurements.

Opens or closes the "Zoom" dialog to configure the zoom scale and position.

Opens or closes the "Cursor" dialog to configure the measurement.

MATH switches the math waveform on or off. Opens or closes the "Math"

dialog to configure the math waveform.

Requires logic analyzer option R&S RTH-B1 (MSO).

The effect depends on the state of digital channels:

If the all digital channels are off, the key switches them on and sets the focus.

If the digital channels are on but not in focus, the key sets the focus.

If the focus is on digital channels, the key switches them off.

Activates or deactivates the serial bus. Requires at least one serial triggering and decoding option. Available options are listed in the data sheet.

SHIFT opens a dialog to save and load instrument settings.

If a dialog or menu is open, BACK closes it. If the menu is closed, the key toggles the focus between focused element in the diagram and the Menu button.

Opens or closes the "Logic" dialog to configure digital channels.

Opens or closes the "Bus" dialog to configure serial protocols.

Press and hold for 2 seconds to disable or enable the touchscreen.

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Key Press shortly Press and hold

Getting Started

Operating Basics

Open or close the "Mode", "File" or "Setup" dialog, respectively.

Saves measurement documentation:

Only screenshot if "one touch" is off. ZIP file with selected data if "one touch" is on.

All R&S RTH:

Only R&S RTH1004:

Only R&S RTH1002: DMM starts or stops the meter measurements

The effect depends on the channel state:

If the channel is off, the key switches on the channel and sets the focus. The key lights up.

If the channel is on but not in focus, the key sets the focus. The key lights up.

(same as MODE = "Meter").

DMM REL enables or disables relative meter measurements.

TIME and POS adjust the horizontal time scale and position of the trigger point.

Opens or closes the "Screenshot" dialog to configure the screenshot and the "one touch" output.

Open or close the "Vertical" dialog for the corresponding channel to configure the channel settings.

Opens or closes the "Meter" dialog to configure the measurements.

RANGE and POS set the vertical scale (vertical sensitivity) and the vertical position of the focused waveform (analog or channel, math or reference waveform).

SIGNAL OFF switches off the focused waveform.

RUN STOP starts and stops the acquisition.

SETUP opens or closes the "Trigger" dialog to select the trigger type and adjust the trigger settings.

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Key Press shortly Press and hold

Getting Started

Operating Basics

LEVEL activates the trigger level to be set using the wheel. If the trigger type has two trigger levels, pressing the key toggles the upper and lower levels.

ACQUIRE opens or closes the "Acquire" dialog to adjust the acquisition mode.

POWER key: switches the power on or off

1.4.2 Selecting the Mode

A mode comprises all settings and functions that are needed to perform a measurement task. Selecting the mode is the first setup step.

1. Press the MODE key.

2. Select the mode:

● On the touchscreen: Tap the required mode icon.

● Using controls: Turn the wheel until the required mode is marked, and press the wheel button to select the mode.

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Remote command:

OP[:MODE] on page 282

Getting Started

Operating Basics

1.4.3 Displaying an Unknown Signal

The R&S RTH can display unknown, complex signals automatically. The AUTOSET function analyzes the enabled channel signals, and adjusts the horizontal, vertical, and trigger settings to display stable waveforms.

1. Press the PRESET key.

PRESET sets the instrument to a default factory state. The previous user-defined configuration is removed and all channels except for channel 1 are disabled.

2. Press the AUTOSET key.

The waveform is displayed.

1.4.4 Getting Information and Help

In most dialogs, graphics explain the meaning of the selected setting. For further information, you can open the help, which provides functional description of the settings with links to the corresponding remote commands, and background information.

1.4.4.1 Displaying Help

●

"To open the help window" on page 32

●

"To show information on a setting" on page 33

●

"To close the help window" on page 33

To open the help window

► Tap the "Help" icon on the top of the menu.

If a dialog is open, the dialog's help topic is shown beside the dialog.

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If a menu is open, the table of contents is shown.

To show information on a setting

If a dialog and the help window are open, you can easily call the information on each setting of the dialog.

► Tap the setting's name.

The corresponding help topic is displayed.

Getting Started

Operating Basics

If you tap the switch or the entry field, you can adjust the setting without closing the help window.

To close the help window

► Tap the "Close" icon in the upper right corner of the help window, or press BACK.

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Getting Started

Operating Basics

1.4.4.2 Using the Help Window

The help window has several tabs:

●

"View": shows the selected help topic.

●

"Contents": contains a table of help contents.

●

"Index": contains index entries to search for help topics.

●

"Search": provides text search.

The help toolbar provides the following buttons:

●

Up and down arrows: browse the topics in the order of the table of contents. Up = previous topic, down = next topic.

●

Left and right arrows: browse the topics visited before: Left = back, right = forward.

●

Magnifiers: increase or decrease the font.

●

×: closes the help window.

To search for a topic in the index

The index is sorted alphabetically. You can browse the list, or search for entries.

1. Tap the "Index" tab.

2. Tap the entry field on top of the list.

3. Enter some characters of the keyword you are interested in. You can use the Backspace key to delete single characters, and "Clear" to delete all characters in the "Keyword" field.

4. Tap the Enter key.

Now only index entries are displayed that contain the keyword characters.

5. To delete the keyword:

a) Tap the entry field again. b) Tap "Clear". c) Tap the Enter key.

To search the help for a text string

1. Tap the "Search" tab.

2. Tap the entry field on the top.

3. Enter the words you want to find. If you enter several words with blanks between, topics containing all words are found.

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To find a string of several words, enclose it in quotation marks. For example, a search for "trigger mode" finds all topics with exactly "trigger mode". A search for trigger mode finds all topics that contain the words trigger and mode.

4. Tap the Enter key.

A list of search results is displayed.

5. To refine the search, use "Match Whole Word" and "Match Case", and tap "Start Search".

Getting Started

Maintenance

1.5 Maintenance

The instrument does not need a periodic maintenance. Only cleaning the instrument is essential.

The addresses of the Rohde & Schwarz support centers can be found at

www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.

A list of service centers is available on www.services.rohde-schwarz.com.

1.5.1 Cleaning

Shock hazard

Before cleaning the instrument, remove all probes, leads, USB and LAN cables and power supply.

Instrument damage caused by cleaning agents

Cleaning agents contain substances such as solvents (thinners, acetone, etc.), acids, bases, or other substances. Solvents can damage the front panel labeling, plastic parts, or screens, for example.

Never use cleaning agents to clean the outside of the instrument. Use a soft, dry, lintfree dust cloth instead.

1.5.2 Data Storage and Security

The instrument is delivered with the 4 Gbyte microSD card inserted and ready to use. We recommend that you do not remove the microSD card.

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All instrument configuration data and user data are stored on the microSD card. In addition, a fallback firmware is stored on the microSD card to boot the instrument if an update failed.

If you use the instrument in a secured environment, you can remove the microSD card before the instrument leaves this area. The microSD card slot is under the right lid under the battery pack.

You can also change the microSD card if you need more memory. The instrument supports microSD cards up to 32 Gbyte.

Getting Started

Maintenance

1.5.3 Storing and Packing

The storage temperature range of the instrument is given in the data sheet. If the instrument is to be stored for a longer period of time, it must be protected against dust.

Repack the instrument as it was originally packed when transporting or shipping. The two protective foam plastic parts prevent the control elements and connectors from being damaged. The antistatic packing foil avoids any undesired electrostatic charging to occur.

If you do not use the original packaging, use a sturdy cardboard box of suitable size and provide for sufficient padding to prevent the instrument from slipping inside the package. Wrap antistatic packing foil around the instrument to protect it from electrostatic charging.

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2 Waveform Setup

Waveform Setup

Connecting Probes

2.1 Connecting Probes

Shock hazard caused by high voltages

Make sure to set the attenuation factor on the instrument according to the probe being used. Otherwise, the measurement results do not reflect the actual voltage level, and you might misjudge the actual risk.

Obtain best signal integrity

To get the most accurate waveform display and best measurement results, remove all redundant connectors: power adapter, USB flash drive, DMM test leads and unused channels.

1. Connect the probe(s) first to the channel input(s) at the top of the instrument, and then to the DUT.

2. Press and hold the CH key of the used input.

3. Select "Probe Setting".

4. Select the attenuation factor of the probe. The probe's attenuation factor is indicated on the probe.

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Note: If you perform current measurements using a shunt resistor as a current sen-

sor, you have to multiply the V/A-value of the resistor by the attenuation of the probe. For example, if a 1 Ω resistor and a 10:1 probe is used, the V/A-value of the resistor is 1 V/A, the attenuation factor of the probe is 0.1, and the resulting current probe attenuation is 100 mV/A.

Waveform Setup

Vertical Setup

2.2 Vertical Setup

The controls and parameters of the vertical system adjust the scale and position of the waveform vertically.

1. To set vertical scale and position, use the RANGE and POS keys.

2. To adjust other vertical settings, select "Vertical" in the main menu.

Vertical scale and vertical position affect the resolution of the waveform amplitude directly. To get the full resolution, make sure that the waveforms cover most of the screen's height.

2.2.1 Vertical Settings

As long as the "Vertical" menu is open, the probe settings of active channels are shown on top of the display.

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Waveform Setup

Vertical Setup

Channel Index

Selects the channel to be configured. All settings in the channel menu belong to the selected channel.

You can also shortly press the channel key to select a channel. If you press and hold the channel key, the corresponding channel menu opens.

Channel <n>

Switches the selected channel on or off.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:STATe on page 283

Coupling

Selects the connection of the input signal. The current coupling of each channel is shown in the channel label at the display bottom.

AC coupling. A high-pass filter removes the DC offset voltage from the input signal if the DC component of a signal is of no interest. The waveform is centered on zero volts.

DC coupling, the signal passes the input unchanged.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:COUPling on page 285

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Probe Setting

Selects the attenuation factor of the connected probe. The vertical scaling and measured values are multiplied by this factor so that the displayed values are equal to the actual signal values.

Bandwidth

Selects the bandwidth limit. The full instrument bandwidth indicates the range of frequencies that the instrument can acquire and display accurately with less than 3 dB attenuation.

For analog applications, the highest signal frequency determines the required oscilloscope bandwidth. The oscilloscope bandwidth should be at least 3 times higher than the maximum frequency included in the analog test signal to measure the amplitude with high accuracy.

Most test signals are more complex than a simple sine wave and include several spectral components. A digital signal, for example, is built up of several odd harmonics. For digital signals, the oscilloscope bandwidth should be at least 5 times higher than the clock frequency to be measured.

The oscilloscope is not an autonomous system. You need a probe to measure the signal, and the probe has a limited bandwidth, too. The combination of oscilloscope and probe creates a system bandwidth. To reduce the effect of the probe on the system bandwidth, the probe bandwidth should exceed the bandwidth of the oscilloscope, the recommended factor is 1.5 x oscilloscope bandwidth.

See also: Chapter 2.2.2, "Effect of the Bandwidth Filter", on page 42.

For FFT analysis, the channel bandwidth also determines the frequency range displayed in the spectrum (see "Frequency range" on page 105).

"Full"

"x MHz, x kHz"

Waveform Setup

Vertical Setup

At full bandwidth, all frequencies in the specified range are acquired and displayed. Full bandwidth is used for most applications.

Frequency limit. Frequencies above the selected limit are removed to reduce noise at different levels. Limited bandwidth is indicated in the channel label.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:BANDwidth on page 285

Offset

Sets an offset voltage that is added to correct an offset-affected signal. The value is included in measurement results. The signal is shifted in relation to the ground level by the offset value. Negative offset values move the waveform down, positive values move it up.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:OFFSet on page 285

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Deskew

Sets a delay for the selected channel.

Deskew compensates delay differences between channels caused by the different length of cables, probes, and other sources. Correct deskew values are important for accurate triggering. The propagation delay may lead to a non-synchronous waveform display. For example, a coax cable with a length of 1 meter has a propagation delay of typically 5.3 ns.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:DESKew on page 286

Technology, Value

Sets the threshold, which is used to obtain the signal state. If the signal value is higher than the threshold, the signal state is high (1 or true for the Boolean logic). Otherwise, if the signal value is below the threshold, the signal state is considered low (0 or false). The threshold is used by the pattern and state trigger.

If a protocol option is installed, and the channel is used in the bus, the configured channel threshold is also used in the bus configuration. The values are the same in "Vertical" menu and bus configuration dialogs.

"Technology"

"Value"

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:THReshold:TECHnology on page 286 CHANnel<m>:THReshold:USER on page 287 CHANnel<m>:THReshold:THReshold? on page 287 CHANnel<m>:THReshold:FINDlevel on page 288

Waveform Setup

Vertical Setup

Select a predefined value for one of the most common technologies, or select "User" to define an individual threshold.

Set an individual threshold value if "Technology" is set to "User".

RANGE keys

The vertical RANGE keys set the vertical scale (vertical sensitivity) of the selected waveform.

In FFT mode, the RANGE keys set the scale for the amplitude range (y-axis) in the spectrum display.

In "Counter" mode, the RANGE keys set the measurement range.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:SCALe on page 284 CHANnel<m>:RANGe on page 284

FFT mode:

SPECtrum:FREQuency:MAGNitude:SCALe on page 336

Spectrum mode:

SPECtrum:FREQuency:SCALe on page 341

Counter mode:

COUNter<m>:SENSe:RANGe on page 394

POS keys

Move the selected signal up or down in the diagram. The position is a graphical setting given in divisions, while the offset sets a voltage.

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You can also drag the channel marker on the screen.

Remote command:

CHANnel<m>:POSition on page 284

Spectrum mode:

SPECtrum:FREQuency:POSition on page 341

Waveform Setup

Horizontal Setup

2.2.2 Effect of the Bandwidth Filter

Low-pass filters reduce the speed of the signal inside the instrument and cause a delay of the signal on the screen. The delay time depends on the selected filter.

The following table lists the approximate delay of the signal that is caused by various filters.

Table 2-1: Approximate signal delay dependent on the bandwidth filter

Filter Approx. delay

200 MHz 30.2 ns

100 MHz 30.7 ns

50 MHz 138.5 ns

20 MHz 145 ns

10 MHz 166.5 ns

5 MHz 193 ns

2 MHz 270.5 ns

1 MHz 4.71 μs

Filter Approx. delay

500 kHz 9.07 μs

200 kHz 22.13 μs

100 kHz 43.87 μs

50 kHz 87.47 μs

20 kHz 218 μs

10 kHz 434.7 μs

5 kHz 869.3 μs

2 kHz 2.173 ms

1 kHz 4.347 ms

2.3 Horizontal Setup

Horizontal settings, also known as timebase settings, adjust the display in horizontal direction.

1. To set the timebase and horizontal position, use the TIME and POS keys.

2. To adjust all horizontal settings, select "Horizontal" in the main menu.

The determining point of an acquisition is the trigger point. Two parameters define the position of the trigger point: reference point and horizontal position (also known as trigger offset or delay). Using these parameters, you choose the part of the waveform you want to see: around the trigger, before, or after the trigger.

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Horiz. position from

left ref. point (< 0)

t = 0

Horiz. position from right ref. point (> 0)

Horiz. position from

middle ref. point (> 0)

Waveform Setup

Horizontal Setup

Reference point

= Left

Reference point

= Middle

Reference point

= Right

Signal delay

If you have set a bandwidth limit, the signal might appear delayed on the screen. The delay time depends on the selected filter. The effect is visible if several signals with different limits are displayed.

See also: Chapter 2.2.2, "Effect of the Bandwidth Filter", on page 42.

Description of settings

Time Scale

Sets the time scale of the horizontal axis for all signals, in seconds per division. The value is shown in the top information bar.

Increase the scale to see a longer part of the waveform. Decrease the scale to see the signal in more detail. The scale has a point that remains fixed on the screen when the scale value is changing - the reference point.

To set the time scale, you can also use the TIME keys.

Note: In FFT mode, the time scale may be restricted depending on the selected frequency span, (see "Frequency Span" on page 108).

Remote command:

TIMebase:SCALe on page 288 TIMebase:RANGe on page 288

Horizontal Position

Sets the horizontal position of the trigger point in relation to the reference point. The trigger position is marked by a colored triangle at the top of the diagram.

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You can set the trigger point even outside the diagram and analyze the signal some time before or after the trigger. In this case, the trigger marker is shown on the left or right side of the diagram.

To set the horizontal position, you can also use the POS keys.

Remote command:

TIMebase:HORizontal:POSition on page 288

Reference Point

Defines the time reference point in the diagram. You can set the reference point in the middle, or to the right to see the signal before the trigger. If the reference point is on the left, you see the signal after the trigger.

Remote command:

TIMebase:REFerence on page 289

Waveform Setup

Acquisition Control

2.4 Acquisition Control

Acquisition settings define the processing of the captured samples in the instrument.

► To adjust the acquisition settings, press the ACQUIRE key, or select "Acquire" in

the main menu.

► To start or stop acquisition, press the RUN STOP key.

The R&S RTH captures the continuous signal and converts it to digital samples. The digital samples are processed according to the acquisition settings. The result is a waveform record that is displayed on the screen and stored in memory.

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Description of settings

Acquisition Mode

Defines how the waveform is built from the captured samples. There are two general methods to build the waveform record: sample decimation and waveform arithmetic.

Sample decimation reduces the data stream of the ADC to a stream of waveform points with lower sample rate and a less precise time resolution. The R&S RTH uses decimation, if the waveform "Sampling Rate C1 - C4" is less than the ADC sample rate. The acquisition modes "Sample", "Peak Detect" and "High Resolution" are decimation methods.

Waveform arithmetic builds the resulting waveform from several consecutive acquisitions of the signal. The acquisition modes "Average" and "Envelope" are arithmetic methods.

"Sample"

"Peak Detect"

"High Resolution"

"Average"

Waveform Setup

Acquisition Control

One of n samples in a sample interval is recorded as waveform point, the other samples are discarded. Usually, most signals are displayed optimally with this acquisition mode but very short glitches might remain undiscovered by this method.

The minimum and the maximum of n samples are recorded as waveform points, the other samples are discarded. Thus the instrument can detect fast signal peaks at slow time scale settings that would be missed with other acquisition modes.

The average of n captured sample points is recorded as one waveform point. Averaging reduces the noise, the result is a more precise waveform with higher vertical resolution.

The average is calculated from the data of the current acquisition and a number of acquisitions before. The method reduces random noise. It requires a stable, triggered and periodic signal. The number of acquisitions for average calculation is defined with Number of Aver-

ages.

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

"Envelope"

The minimum and maximum values in an sample interval over a number of acquisitions are saved. The most extreme values of all acquisitions build the envelope. The resulting diagram shows two envelope waveforms: the minimums (floor) and maximums (roof) representing the borders in which the signal occurs.

Remote command:

ACQuire:MODE on page 290

Number of Averages

Sets the number of waveforms used to calculate the average waveform.

Remote command:

ACQuire:AVERage:COUNt on page 290

Reset Waveform

Restarts the envelope and average calculation.

Remote command:

ACQuire:ARESet:IMMediate on page 290

Acquisitions per Second

Shows the number of acquired waveforms per second.

Sampling Rate C1 - C4

Shows the number of recorded analog waveform points per second. The sample rate is the reciprocal value of the resolution.

Remote command:

ACQuire:POINts:ARATe? on page 289

Sampling Rate D7 - D0

Shows the number of recorded digital waveform points per second. Only available if the mixed signal option R&S RTH-B1 is installed, and logic channels are active.

RUN STOP key

Starts and stops the acquisition.

Remote command:

RUN on page 289 STOP on page 290

2.5 Trigger

Triggering means to capture the interesting part of the relevant waveforms. Choosing the right trigger type and configuring all trigger settings correctly allows you to detect various incidents in signals.

A trigger occurs if the trigger conditions are fulfilled. The instrument acquires continuously and keeps the sample points to fill the pretrigger part of the waveform record. When the trigger occurs, the instrument continues acquisition until the posttrigger part

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of the waveform record is filled. Then it stops acquiring and displays the waveform. When a trigger is recognized, the instrument does not accept another trigger until the acquisition is complete.

Trigger conditions include:

●

Source of the trigger signal (channel)

●

Trigger type and its setup, including one or more trigger levels

●

Trigger mode

In addition, the horizontal position of the trigger point and the reference point are important to display the interesting part of the signal. See Chapter 2.3, "Horizontal

Setup", on page 42.

The trigger level and position are marked in the grid. The markers have the color of the trigger source. Information on the most important trigger settings is shown in the upper information bar.

Figure 2-1: Trigger information: width trigger on channel 2, single trigger mode

Waveform Setup

Trigger

► To adjust all trigger settings, press the SETUP key.

► To adjust the trigger level, do one of the following:

● Drag the trigger level marker on the right side of the display to the required

position.

● Press the LEVEL key and turn the wheel.

If the trigger type has two trigger levels, press the LEVEL key again to toggle the upper and lower levels. Alternatively, press the wheel.

● Press the SETUP key. Select "Trigger Level", and enter the level value.

► To start and stop acquisition, press the RUN STOP key.

2.5.1 General Trigger Settings

General trigger settings are the settings that are independent of the trigger type. The settings specific for a trigger type are described in the following sections.

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Description of settings

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Trigger Mode

The trigger mode determines the behavior of the instrument if no trigger occurs, and also the number of acquired waveforms when a trigger occurs.

"Auto"

"Normal"

"Single"

Remote command:

TRIGger:MODE on page 292

Trigger Type

Selects the trigger type, the event type that defines the trigger point.

●

Chapter 2.5.2, "Edge Trigger", on page 50

●

Chapter 2.5.3, "Glitch Trigger", on page 51

●

Chapter 2.5.4, "Width Trigger", on page 52

●

Chapter 2.5.5, "Video/TV Trigger", on page 54

R&S RTH-K19 trigger options

●

Chapter 2.5.7, "Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 59

●

Chapter 2.5.8, "State Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 61

●

Chapter 2.5.9, "Runt Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 62

●

Chapter 2.5.10, "Slew Rate Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 64

●

Chapter 2.5.11, "Data2Clock Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 65

The instrument triggers repeatedly after a time interval if the trigger conditions are not fulfilled. If a real trigger occurs, it takes precedence. This mode helps to see the waveform even before the trigger is set. Successive waveforms are not triggered at the same point of the waveform.

The instrument acquires waveforms continuously, each time when a trigger occurs. If no trigger occurs, no waveform is acquired and the last acquired waveform is displayed. If no waveform was captured before, nothing is displayed.

When a trigger occurs, the instrument acquires one waveform and stops the acquisition.

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●

Chapter 2.5.12, "Serial Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 67

●

Chapter 2.5.13, "Timeout Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 70

●

Chapter 2.5.14, "Interval Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 71

●

Chapter 2.5.15, "Window Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 72

Options containing special triggers

●

Chapter 2.5.16, "Protocol Trigger (R&S RTH-K1, R&S RTH-K2 and R&S RTH-K3)",

on page 73

Remote command:

TRIGger:TYPE on page 292

Source

Selects the trigger source, the channel on which the trigger condition is checked. All possible channels are listed. You can trigger on any channel to which a signal is connected, even if the channel is not active.

For most trigger types, analog and digital channels can be used as trigger source. Digital channels require option R&S RTH-B1. For video, runt and slew rate trigger, only analog channels are available.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SOURce on page 292

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Trigger Level

Sets the trigger voltage level.

For the Video/TV trigger, the trigger level is the threshold of the sync pulse. Make sure that the trigger level crosses the synchronizing pulses of the video signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:LEVel<m>:VALue on page 293

Holdoff Mode

Selects the method to define the holdoff.

The trigger holdoff defines when the next trigger after the current will be recognized. Thus, it affects the next trigger to occur after the current one. Holdoff helps to obtain stable triggering when the oscilloscope is triggering on undesired events.

"Off"

"Time"

"Events"

No holdoff

Defines the holdoff as a time period. The next trigger occurs only after the "Time" on page 50 has passed.

Defines the holdoff as a number of trigger events. The next trigger only occurs when this number of events is reached. The number of triggers to be skipped is defined in "Events" on page 50.

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

"Random"

Defines the holdoff as a random time limited by "Min Time / Max

Time" on page 50. For each acquisition, the instrument selects a

new random holdoff time from the specified range. Random holdoff prevents synchronization to discover effects invisible with synchronized triggering, e.g. the features of a pulse train.

Remote command:

TRIGger:HOLDoff:MODE on page 293

Time ← Holdoff Mode

Sets the time that has to pass at least until the next trigger occurs.

Remote command:

TRIGger:HOLDoff:TIME on page 294

Events ← Holdoff Mode

Sets the number of triggers to be skipped until the next trigger occurs.

Remote command:

TRIGger:HOLDoff:EVENts on page 294

Min Time / Max Time ← Holdoff Mode

Set the time limits for random holdoff time. For each acquisition, the instrument selects a new random holdoff time from the specified range.

Remote command:

TRIGger:HOLDoff:MIN on page 294 TRIGger:HOLDoff:MAX on page 294

Noise Reject

Enables a hysteresis to avoid unwanted trigger events caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level.

Remote command:

TRIGger:MNR on page 295

2.5.2 Edge Trigger

The edge trigger is the most common trigger type. The trigger occurs when the signal from the trigger source passes the trigger level in the specified direction (slope).

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Description of settings

Figure 2-2: Edge trigger

Slope

Sets the edge direction for the trigger. You can trigger on:

●

Remote command:

TRIGger:EDGE:SLOPe on page 295

Waveform Setup

Trigger

rising edge, that is a positive voltage change falling edge, that is a negative voltage change rising and falling edge

2.5.3 Glitch Trigger

The glitch trigger detects pulses shorter or longer than a specified time. It identifies deviation from the nominal data rate and helps to analyze causes of even rare glitches and their effects on other signals.

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Description of settings

Polarity

Sets the pulse polarity, that is the direction of the first pulse slope. You can trigger on:

●

Positive going pulses. The width is defined from the rising to the falling edge.

●

Negative going pulses. The width is defined from the falling to the rising edge.

●

Both positive and negative going pulses

Remote command:

TRIGger:GLITch:POLarity on page 295

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Range

Selects the glitches to be identified: shorter or longer than the specified "Width" on page 52.

Remote command:

TRIGger:GLITch:RANGe on page 296

Width

Sets the pulse width of the glitch.

Remote command:

TRIGger:GLITch:WIDTh on page 296

2.5.4 Width Trigger

The width trigger compares the measured pulse width (duration of a pulse) with a given time limit. It detects pulses with an exact pulse width, pulses shorter or longer than a given time, as well as pulses inside or outside the allowable time range. The pulse width is measured at the trigger level.

Using the width trigger, you can define the pulse width more precisely than with the glitch trigger. However, using the range settings "Shorter" and "Longer", you can also trigger on glitches.

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Description of settings

Figure 2-3: Width trigger

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Polarity

Sets the pulse polarity, that is the direction of the first pulse slope. You can trigger on:

●

Positive going pulses. The width is defined from the rising to the falling edge.

●

Negative going pulses. The width is defined from the falling to the rising edge.

●

Both positive and negative going pulses

Remote command:

TRIGger:WIDTh:POLarity on page 296

Range

Defines how the measured pulse width is compared with the given limits.

Figure 2-4: Pulse width is shorter or longer than a given width (same as glitch trigger)

min max

1 2

min max

Figure 2-5: Pulse width is inside or outside a range

1 = Inside, pulse > min width AND pulse < max width 2 = Outside, pulse < min width OR pulse > max width

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

±Δ

1 2

Figure 2-6: Pulse width is equal or unequal to a given width, with optional tolerance

1 = Equal, pulse > width - Δ AND pulse < width + Δ 2 = Unequal, pulse < width - Δ OR pulse > width + Δ

Remote command:

TRIGger:WIDTh:RANGe on page 296

Width

Sets the width for comparisons equal, unequal, shorter, and longer.

Remote command:

TRIGger:WIDTh:WIDTh on page 297

±Tolerance

Sets a range Δt to the specified Width if the comparison range is equal or unequal. To trigger on an exact pulse width, set the tolerance to 0.

Remote command:

TRIGger:WIDTh:DELTa on page 297

Min Width / Max Width

Set the lower and upper time limits defining the time range if "Inside" or "Outside" is set for comparison.

Remote command:

TRIGger:WIDTh:MIN on page 298 TRIGger:WIDTh:MAX on page 297

2.5.5 Video/TV Trigger

The TV or video trigger is used to analyze analog baseband video signals. You can trigger on baseband video signals from standard definition and high definition standards, and also on user defined signals.

The instrument triggers on the line start - the horizontal sync pulse. You can trigger on all lines, or specify a line number. You can also trigger on the field or frame start.

2.5.5.1 Standard TV Trigger Settings

Access: SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Video/TV"

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Standard

Selects the TV standard or "Custom" for user-defined signals.

The standards PAL, PAL-M, NTSC and SECAM are available in the instrument firmware. All other standards require the advance trigger option R&S RTH-K19.

Waveform Setup

Trigger

HDTV standards are indicated by the number of active lines, the scanning system (p for progressive scanning, i for interlaced scanning) and the frame rate. For interlaced scanning, the field rate is used instead of the frame rate. 1080p/24sF is an HDTV standard using progressive segmented frame scanning.

"Custom" can be used for signals of other video systems, for example, medical displays, video monitors, and security cameras. To trigger on these signals, you have to define the pulse type and length of the sync pulse, the scanning system and the line period.

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:STANdard on page 298

Signal Polarity

Sets the polarity of the signal. Note that the sync pulse has the opposite polarity, for example, a positive signal has a negative sync pulse.

Figure 2-7: Signal with positive polarity and tri-level sync pulse

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:POLarity on page 299

Mode

Selects the lines or fields on which the instrument triggers. Available modes depend on the scanning system of the selected standard.

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

"All fields"

Triggers on the first video line of the frame (progressive scanning) or field (interlaced scanning), for example, to find amplitude differences between the fields.

"Odd fields / Even fields"

Triggers on the first video line of the odd or even field. These modes are available for interlaced scanning (PAL, PAL-M, SECAM, NTSC, 1080i) and progressive segmented frame scanning (1080p/24sF). They can be used, for example, to analyze the components of a video signal.

"All lines"

Triggers on the line start of all video lines, for example, to find maximum video levels.

"Line number"

Triggers on a specified line. Enter the line number in "Line #".

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:MODE on page 299

Line #

Sets the number of the line to be triggered on if "Mode" is set to "Line number". Usually the lines of the frame are counted, beginning from the frame start.

For NTSC signals, the lines are counted per field, not per frame. Therefore, you have to set the "Field" (odd or even), and the line number in the field.

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:LINE on page 300 TRIGger:TV:LFIeld on page 300

Trigger Level

Sets the trigger level as threshold for the synchronizing pulse. Make sure that the trigger level crosses the synchronizing pulses of the video signal.

Figure 2-8: Trigger level with bi-level (left) and tri-level (right) sync pulses

Remote command:

TRIGger:LEVel<m>:VALue on page 293

2.5.5.2 Settings for Custom Video Signals (R&S RTH-K19)

In addition to the standard TV trigger settings, triggering on custom video signals requires a few more settings that describe the signal.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Video/TV" > "Standard" = "Custom"

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Line period

Pulse Type

Sets the type of the sync pulse, either bi-level sync pulse (used in SDTV signals), or trilevel sync pulse (used in HDTV signals).

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Figure 2-9: Bi-level (left) and tri-level (right) sync pulses

This setting is available for user-defined video signals if "Standard" is set to "Custom".

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:CUSTom:STYPe on page 300

Line Period

Sets the duration of a single video line, the time between two successive sync pulses.

This setting is available for user-defined video signals if "Standard" is set to "Custom".

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:CUSTom:LDURation on page 301

Pulse Width

Sets the width of the sync pulse.

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Pulse width

This setting is available for user-defined video signals if "Standard" is set to "Custom".

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:CUSTom:SDURation on page 301

Scan

Sets the scanning system.

This setting is available for user-defined video signals if "Standard" is set to "Custom".

"Interlaced"

"Progressive"

"Segmented"

Remote command:

TRIGger:TV:CUSTom:SCANmode on page 301

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Interlace scanning uses two fields to create a frame. One field contains all the odd lines (odd, first, or upper filed), the other contains all the even lines of the image (even, second, or lower field). First the lines of the odd filed are processed, then the lines of the even field.

Progressive scanning is a method to capture, transmit and display all lines of a frame in sequence.

Progressive segmented frame uses progressive scanning to capture the frame, and interlaced scanning for transmission and display.

2.5.6 External Trigger (R&S RTH1002)

The R&S RTH1002 has an edge trigger to trigger on an external signal.

1. Connect the external trigger signal to the DMM input:

a) Ground to black COM input. b) Signal to red input.

2. Press the SETUP key.

3. Select "Trigger Type" = "External"

Description of settings

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Slope

Sets the edge direction for the trigger. You can trigger on the rising edge, the falling edge, or riding and falling edges of the external signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:EXTernal:SLOPe on page 302

Trigger Level

Sets the trigger voltage level.

Remote command:

TRIGger:EXTernal:LEVel on page 301

Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.7 Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The pattern trigger works like a logic trigger. It provides logical combinations of the input channels and can be used for verifying the operation of digital logic. If the channel states match the desired pattern, the pattern trigger occurs. In addition to the pattern, you can define a timing condition. In this case, the trigger occurs if the pattern definition is true for the defined time.

The pattern trigger has no trigger level, only threshold values to obtain the logic state of signals are required.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Pattern"

Description of settings

Figure 2-10: Pattern trigger

Set Pattern

Defines the pattern: the states of the input channels and their logical combination. If R&S RTH-B1 is installed, active digital channels are also included in the pattern definition.

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Figure 2-11: Pattern definition

Waveform Setup

Trigger

The current threshold is displayed for each channel. For analog channels, the threshold is set in the "Vertical" menu > "Technology". For logic channels, the threshold is set in the "Logic" menu. To adjust the thresholds by the instrument, use "Find Level".

The switches define the state of each channel and set the logical combination:

"1"

"0"

"X"

"AND"

The signal value is above the defined threshold.

The signal value is below the defined threshold.

The signal state does not matter.

If all defined states are true, the logical result of the pattern definition is 1 (true).

"OR"

If at least one of the defined states is true, the logical result of the pattern definition is 1 (true).

Remote command:

TRIGger:PATTern:STATe[:CHANnel<m>] on page 302 TRIGger:PATTern:STATe:COMBination on page 302

Range

Adds additional time limitation to the defined pattern.

"None"

No time limit is set. If the defined pattern is true, the pattern trigger occurs.

"Timeout"

Defines a minimum time during which the signals match the pattern definition.

"Longer"

If the pattern is true longer than the "Pattern Width" time, the trigger occurs.

"Shorter"

If the pattern is true for a time shorter than "Pattern Width", the trigger occurs.

"Equal"

If the pattern is true for the time "Pattern Width" ± Δt ("Tolerance"), the trigger occurs.

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

"Unequal"

If the pattern is true for a time shorter than "Pattern Width" - Δt OR longer than "Pattern Width" + Δt, the trigger occurs.

"Inside"

If the pattern is true for a time between "Min Pattern Width" and "Max Pattern Width", the trigger occurs.

"Outside"

If the pattern is true for a time shorter than "Min Pattern Width" OR longer than "Max Pattern Width", the trigger occurs.

Remote command:

TRIGger:PATTern:WIDTh:RANGe on page 303 TRIGger:PATTern:TIMeout[:TIME] on page 303 TRIGger:PATTern:WIDTh[:WIDTh] on page 303 TRIGger:PATTern:WIDTh:DELTa on page 304 TRIGger:PATTern:WIDTh:MINWidth on page 304 TRIGger:PATTern:WIDTh:MAXWidth on page 304

2.5.8 State Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The state trigger verifies if the channel states match the defined pattern at the clock edge. The trigger occurs if the logical combination of the input channels is true at the crossing point of the selected clock edge and the trigger level.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "State"

Description of settings

Figure 2-12: State trigger

Clock Source

Selects the input channel of the clock signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:STATe:CSOurce[:VALue] on page 305

Clock Slope

Sets the edge of the clock at which the instrument checks the signal states: at the rising edge, the falling edge, or at both edges.

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Remote command:

TRIGger:STATe:CSOurce:EDGE on page 305

Set Pattern

Defines the pattern: the states of the input channels and their logical combination. If R&S RTH-B1 is installed, active digital channels are also included in the pattern definition.

For details, see Chapter 2.5.7, "Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)", on page 59.

Remote command:

TRIGger:STATe:CHANnel<m> on page 305 TRIGger:STATe:COMBination on page 305

Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.9 Runt Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

A runt is a pulse lower than normal in amplitude. The amplitude crosses the first level twice in succession without crossing the second one. In addition to the upper and lower levels, you can define a time limit for the runt in the same way as for width triggers. For example, the runt trigger can detect signal parts remaining below a specified threshold amplitude because I/O ports are in undefined state.

L L

Figure 2-13: Runt trigger without time limits

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Runt"

Description of settings

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Upper Trigger Level / Lower Trigger Level

Set the upper and lower voltage thresholds for the runt trigger. The levels define the minimum and maximum runt amplitudes.

You can also press the LEVEL key to toggle the upper and lower levels, and turn the wheel to adjust the focused level. If the focus is on a trigger level, pressing the wheel also toggles the levels.

Remote command:

TRIGger:LEVel<m>:RUNT:UPPer on page 306 TRIGger:LEVel<m>:RUNT:LOWer on page 306

Polarity

Sets the pulse polarity, that is the direction of the first pulse slope. You can trigger on:

●

Positive going pulses. The width is defined from the rising to the falling edge.

●

Negative going pulses. The width is defined from the falling to the rising edge.

●

Both positive and negative going pulses

Remote command:

TRIGger:RUNT:POLarity on page 306

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Range

Defines an additional time limit of the runt pulse.

"Any runt" triggers on all runts fulfilling the level condition, without time limitation. The other comparisons are the same as for the width trigger, see "Range" on page 53.

Remote command:

TRIGger:RUNT:RANGe on page 306

Runt Width

Sets the width for comparisons equal, unequal, shorter, and longer.

Remote command:

TRIGger:RUNT:WIDTh on page 307

±Tolerance

Sets a tolerance range Δt to the specified Runt Width if the comparison range is equal or unequal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:RUNT:DELTa on page 307

Min Runt Width / Max Runt Width

Set the lower and upper time limits if "Inside" or "Outside" is set for comparison.

Remote command:

TRIGger:RUNT:MINWidth on page 307 TRIGger:RUNT:MAXWidth on page 308

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.10 Slew Rate Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The slew rate trigger is also known as transition trigger. It triggers if the transition time from the lower to higher voltage level (or vice versa) is shorter or longer as defined, or outside or inside a specified time range.

The slew rate trigger finds slew rates faster than expected or permissible to avoid overshooting and other interfering effects. It also detects slow edges violating the timing in pulse series.

L L

min max

Figure 2-14: Slew rate trigger, transition time inside a range (t > min time AND t < max time)

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Slew rate"

As source, only analog channels are available.

Description of settings

Upper Trigger Level / Lower Trigger Level

Set the upper and lower voltage thresholds for the slew rate trigger. The time measurement starts when the signal crosses the first trigger level, and stops when the signal crosses the second level. The first trigger level is the upper or lower level depending on the selected slope.

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Remote command:

TRIGger:LEVel<m>:SLEW:UPPer on page 308 TRIGger:LEVel<m>:SLEW:LOWer on page 308

Slope

Sets the edge direction for the trigger. You can trigger on:

●

Remote command:

TRIGger:SLEW:SLOPe on page 308

Range

Defines the time limits of the slew rate. The comparisons are the same as for the width trigger, see "Range" on page 53.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SLEW:RANGe on page 308

Waveform Setup

Trigger

rising edge, that is a positive voltage change falling edge, that is a negative voltage change rising and falling edge

Time

Sets the slew rate for comparisons equal, unequal, shorter, and longer.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SLEW:RATE on page 309

±Tolerance

Sets a tolerance range Δt to the specified Time if the comparison range is equal or unequal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SLEW:DELTa on page 309

Min Time / Max Time

Set the lower and upper time limits if "Inside" or "Outside" is set for comparison.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SLEW:MINWidth on page 309 TRIGger:SLEW:MAXWidth on page 310

2.5.11 Data2Clock Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

With the Data2Clock trigger - also known as setup/hold trigger - you can analyze the relative timing between two signals: a data signal and the synchronous clock signal. Many systems require, that the data signal must be steady for some time before and after the clock edge, for example, the data transmission on parallel interfaces.

The reference point for the time measurement is defined by clock level and clock edge.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Data2Clk"

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Description of settings

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Figure 2-15: Data2Clock trigger

Clock Source

Selects the input channel of the clock signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:DATatoclock:CSOurce[:VALue] on page 310

Clock Slope

Sets the edge of the clock signal: rising, falling, or both edges. The time reference point for the setup and hold time is the crossing point of the clock edge and the trigger level.

Remote command:

TRIGger:DATatoclock:CSOurce:EDGE on page 310

Data Source

Selects the input channel of the data signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:DATatoclock:DSOurce[:VALue] on page 310

Trigger on Setup & Hold

Selects how a violation of the setup and hold time is handled.

"Violation"

"OK"

Triggers on a violation of the setup or hold time

Triggers if setup and hold time keep the limits.

Remote command:

TRIGger:DATatoclock:CONDition on page 310

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Setup Time

Sets the minimum time before the clock edge while the data signal must stay steady.

The setup time can be negative. In this case, the hold time is always positive. If you set a negative setup time, the hold time is adjusted by the instrument.

Remote command:

TRIGger:DATatoclock:STIMe on page 311

Hold Time

Sets the minimum time after the clock edge while the data signal must stay steady.

The hold time can be negative. In this case, the setup time is always positive. If you set a negative hold time, the setup time is adjusted by the instrument.

Remote command:

TRIGger:DATatoclock:HTIMe on page 311

Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.12 Serial Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The serial pattern event is used to trigger on signals with serial data patterns in relation to a clock signal - for example, on bus signals like the I²C bus. The trigger occurs during the reception of the last bit of the defined pattern.

2.5.12.1 Pattern Definition

The pattern defines the bits of the serial data to be found in the data stream.

The pattern definition described here is for the serial pattern trigger; however, a very similar pattern editor is available for other functions, such as protocol-specific triggers.

When you tap the pattern field, a pattern editor is displayed. The current bit definition in binary and hexadecimal format is displayed at the top of the editor, a virtual keypad is displayed beneath it. To define a bit, select the bit in the displayed pattern, then select the bit value from the displayed keypad. The currently selected bit is indicated by a blue background.

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

Figure 2-16: Pattern editor for 14-bit pattern in hexadecimal format

The maximum length of the pattern is 32 bit, however you can reduce the number of bits. The available bits are initially indicated by 'X', while the unused bits are indicated by gray squares. An 'X' indicates that the logical level for the bit is not relevant (do not care). Once you enter a value for the selected bit, the 'X' is overwritten.

You can enter the pattern in binary or hexadecimal format. Depending on which bit you select in the pattern display, binary or hexadecimal format is automatically selected for input. In binary format, each bit is defined individually, and only the digits 0 and 1 are available for input. In hexadecimal format, 4 bits are defined at the same time by the selected hexadecimal value. If fewer than 4 bits are available (due to the total number of bits), only those hexadecimal values are available that can be defined with the remaining number of bits. For example, for a total number of 14 bits, 3x4 bits can be defined by any hexadecimal value. The remaining 2 bits can define a 0, 1, 2, or 3 (as shown in Figure 2-16).

To store the defined pattern, select "Enter". The pattern editor is closed and the pattern is inserted in the pattern settings field.

2.5.12.2 Serial Pattern Trigger Settings

Access: (Trigger) SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Serial Pattern"

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Description of settings

Figure 2-17: Serial pattern trigger

Clock Source.................................................................................................................69

Clock Slope................................................................................................................... 69

Data Source.................................................................................................................. 69

Set Serial Pattern.......................................................................................................... 69

Bit Order........................................................................................................................70

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Clock Source

Selects the input channel of the clock signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SPATtern:CSOurce[:VALue] on page 312

Clock Slope

Sets the edge at which the data value is sampled.

●

rising edge falling edge

rising and falling edges are considered (double data rate). At double data rate, "First Clock Edge of Pattern" defines the edge at which the first bit of the pattern is sampled: at the rising clock edge, falling clock edge, or the first edge that is detected ("Either").

Remote command:

TRIGger:SPATtern:CSOurce:EDGE on page 312 TRIGger:SPATtern:CSOurce:FIRStedge on page 312

Data Source

Selects the input channel of the data signal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SPATtern:DSOurce[:VALue] on page 311

Set Serial Pattern

The pattern defines the bits of the serial data to be found in the data stream.

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See also Chapter 2.5.12.1, "Pattern Definition", on page 67.

Remote command:

TRIGger:SPATtern:PATTern on page 312

Bit Order

Defines if the data words start with MSB (most significant bit) or LSB (least significant bit).

Remote command:

TRIGger:SPATtern:ORDer on page 312

Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.13 Timeout Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The timeout trigger checks if the signal stays above or below the trigger level for a specified time lapse. In other words, the trigger occurs if the signal does not cross the trigger level during the specified time.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Timeout"

Description of settings

Figure 2-18: Timeout trigger

Range

Selects the relation of the signal level to the trigger level:

"Stays High"

"Stays Low"

"High or Low"

The signal level stays above the trigger level.

The signal level stays below the trigger level.

The signal level stays above or below the trigger level.

Remote command:

TRIGger:TIMeout:RANGe on page 313

Time

Defines the time limit for the timeout at which the instrument triggers.

Remote command:

TRIGger:TIMeout:TIME on page 313

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Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.14 Interval Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The interval trigger analyzes the time between two pulses.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Interval"

Description of settings

Figure 2-19: Interval trigger

Slope

Sets the edge for the trigger. You can analyze the interval between positive edges or between negative edges.

Remote command:

TRIGger:INTerval:SLOPe on page 313

Range

Defines how the time range of an interval is defined. The comparisons are the same as for the width trigger, see "Range" on page 53.

Remote command:

TRIGger:INTerval:RANGe on page 314

Interval Width

Sets the time between two pulses for comparisons equal, unequal, shorter, and longer.

Remote command:

TRIGger:INTerval:WIDTh on page 314

±Tolerance

Sets a tolerance range Δt to the specified Interval Width if the comparison range is equal or unequal.

Remote command:

TRIGger:INTerval:DELTa on page 314

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Min Interval Width / Max Interval Width

Set the lower and upper time limits of the interval if "Inside" or "Outside" is set for comparison.

Remote command:

TRIGger:INTerval:MINWidth on page 314 TRIGger:INTerval:MAXWidth on page 315

Waveform Setup

Trigger

2.5.15 Window Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

The window trigger checks the signal run in relation to a "window" that is formed by the upper and lower voltage levels. The trigger occurs, if the waveform enters or leaves the window, or if the waveform stays inside or outside for a defined time range.

With the window trigger, you can display longer transient effects.

► SETUP key > "Trigger Type" = "Window"

Description of settings

Figure 2-20: Window trigger

Vertical Condition

Selects how the signal run is compared with the window:

"Enter"

Triggers when the signal crosses the upper or lower level and thus enters the window made up of these two levels.

"Exit"

"Stay Inside"

Triggers when the signal leaves the window.

Triggers if the signal stays between the upper and lower level for a specified time. The time is defined in various ways by the "Range" conditions.

"Stay Outside"

Triggers if the signal stays above the upper level or below the lower level for a specified time. The time is defined in various ways by the "Range" conditions.

Remote command:

TRIGger:WINDow:RANGe on page 316

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Upper Trigger Level / Lower Trigger Level

Set the upper and lower voltage thresholds for the window trigger. The trigger levels are the vertical window limits.

Remote command:

TRIGger:LEVel<m>:WINDow:UPPer on page 315 TRIGger:LEVel<m>:WINDow:LOWer on page 315

Range

Selects how the time limit of the window is defined. Time conditioning is available for the vertical conditions "Stay Inside" and "Stay Outside".

"Longer"

"Shorter"

"Equal"

Waveform Setup

Trigger

Triggers if the signal crosses the upper or lower level after the specified "Width" time is reached.

Triggers if the signal crosses the upper or lower level before the specified "Width" time is reached.

Triggers if the signal stays inside or outside the vertical window limits for the time "Width" "±Tolerance".

"Unequal"

Triggers if the signal stays inside or outside the vertical window limits for a time unequal to "Width" "±Tolerance"

"Inside"

Triggers if the signal stays inside or outside the vertical window limits at least for the time "Min Width" and for "Max Width" at the most.

"Outside"

"Outside" is the opposite definition of "Inside". The trigger occurs if the signal stays inside or outside the vertical window limits for a time shorter than "Min Width" or longer than "Max Width".

Remote command:

TRIGger:WINDow:TIME on page 315 TRIGger:WINDow:WIDTh on page 316 TRIGger:WINDow:DELTa on page 317 TRIGger:WINDow:MINWidth on page 317 TRIGger:WINDow:MAXWidth on page 317

2.5.16 Protocol Trigger (R&S RTH-K1, R&S RTH-K2 and R&S RTH-K3)

The protocol trigger requires at least one of the serial protocol options.

For protocol setup and trigger settings, see:

●

Chapter 8.2.3, "I2C Trigger Settings", on page 174

●

Chapter 8.3.3, "SPI Trigger Settings", on page 182

●

Chapter 8.4.3, "UART Trigger Settings", on page 188

●

Chapter 8.5.2, "CAN Trigger Settings", on page 194

●

Chapter 8.6.3, "LIN Trigger Settings", on page 206

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3 Waveform Analysis

Waveform Analysis

Zoom

3.1 Zoom

The zoom magnifies a part of the waveform in order to view more details with a maximum zoom factor of 100.

To activate the zoom:

► Press the ZOOM key.

The zoom is applied to all active analog and digital channels and math waveforms. The waveforms are displayed with a shorter time scale while the vertical scale remains unchanged. The zoom indicator on the bottom shows the size and position of the zoom area in the waveform.

To adjust the zoom using the wheel:

1. Check if the zoom has the focus - an orange frame on the zoom indicator. If not, press the ZOOM key.

Figure 3-1: Zoomed waveform and zoom indicator with focus on zoom factor

Figure 3-2: Zoom indicator with focus on zoom position

2. Turn the wheel.

Depending on the focus, the position of the zoom area or the zoom factor is adjusted.

3. Press the wheel to toggle the setting.

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4. Turn the wheel to adjust the other parameter.

To position the zoom on the touchscreen:

► Use one of these methods:

● Drag the zoom area in the zoom indicator.

● Drag the trigger position marker.

To zoom in and out using pinching & spreading gestures

You can zoom in and out as you do on a mobile phone or tablet.

1. To zoom in, touch the screen with two fingers and spread the fingers.

2. To zoom out, touch the screen with two fingers and pinch them together.

To adjust the zoom numerically in the Zoom menu:

1. Press and hold the ZOOM key until the "Zoom" menu opens.

Waveform Analysis

Zoom

In zoom mode, moving the trigger position marker changes the zoom position and not the horizontal position of the waveform.

2. Adjust scale and position of the zoom in the menu.

To analyze the zoomed signal, you can use cursor measurements.

Description of settings

Enabled

Enables or disables the zoom.

Remote command:

ZOOM:ENABle on page 317

Scale

Sets the time scale of the zoomed waveform.

Timebase

= Timebase

zoom

/ Zoom factor

wfm

Remote command:

ZOOM:SCALe on page 318

Position

Sets the center position of the zoomed area in relation to the trigger point.

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Note: The zoom overview also considers the horizontal position of the trigger point. If

the horizontal position is ≠ 0 and thus the trigger point is not in the middle, the zoom area in the overview is also shifted, even if the zoom position is 0.

Remote command:

ZOOM:POSition on page 318

Waveform Analysis

Automatic Measurements

3.2 Automatic Measurements

You can perform up to four different measurements simultaneously.

3.2.1 Performing Automatic Measurements

To start and stop the last configured measurements

► Press the MEAS key.

To configure automatic measurements in the Meas menu

1. Press and hold the MEAS key until the "Meas" menu opens.

2. Select the number of the measurement that you want to configure.

3. If the measurement is disabled, enable "State".

4. Select the "Type". The selection list shows all available measurement types.

5. Select the "Source". The selection list shows all all active sources that are allowed for the selected measurement type.

6. Some measurement types require additional settings. Scroll down the menu and adjust the additional settings if necessary.

3.2.2 Measurement Results

The measurement results are shown on the left-top side of the screen.

Figure 3-3: Results of 4 active measurements

If a result cannot be determined, "---" is displayed. Adjust the horizontal and vertical settings if the instrument cannot measure.

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If the measurement result is outside the measurement range and clipping occurs, the results are marked with < (underflow) or > (overflow). Adjust the vertical scale to get valid results.

Figure 3-4: Invalid measurement results

Meas1 = period measurement on C3, no complete period detected Meas2 = peak to peak measurement on C1, waveform is clipped Meas3 = pulse count on C3, no pulse detected

Remote commands:

●

MEASurement<m>:RESult:ACTual? on page 320

●

MEASurement<m>:RESult:LIMit? on page 320

Waveform Analysis

Automatic Measurements

3.2.3 Measurement Types

The R&S RTH provides 35 measurement types to measure time, amplitude and power characteristics, and to count pulses and edges.

All measurement types that require only one source are also available for gated measurements using CURSOR > "Type" = "Measure".

3.2.3.1 Time Measurements

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Source

Period T

Frequency f

Rise time tR

in s

in Hz

in s

Time of the first period, measured on the 50% level. The measurement requires at least one complete period of the signal.

Frequency of the signal, reciprocal value of the measured first period.

Rise time of the first rising edge. This is the time it takes the signal to rise from the 10% level to the 90% level.

50%

90%

f = 1 / T

Rise

Analog, math, reference, logic

Analog, math, reference

Fall time tF

in s

Fall time of the first falling edge. This is the time it takes the signal to fall from the 90% level to the 10% level.

10%

90%

10%

Fall

Analog, math, reference

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



Mean





RMS

Waveform Analysis

Automatic Measurements

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Source

Positive pulse width

Negative pulse width

Positive duty cycle Dty+

Negative duty cycle Dty-

Delay Δt

in s

in %

in s

Duration of the first positive pulse: time between a rising edge and the following falling edge measured on the 50% level.

Duration of the first negative pulse: time between a falling edge and the following rising edge measured on the 50% level.

Width of the first positive pulse in relation to the period in %. The measurement requires at least one complete period of the signal.

Width of the first negative pulse in relation to the period in %. The measurement requires at least one complete period of the signal.

Time difference between two slopes of the same or different waveforms, measured on the 50% level.

Not available for cursor measurements

50%

Dty+ = t+ / T * 100%

Dty- = t- / T * 100%

Analog, math, reference, logic

Analog, math,

100%0% T

reference, logic

Analog, math, reference, logic

2 sources:

analog, math, reference, logic

Phase

3.2.3.2 Amplitude Measurements

∡

in °

Phase difference between two waveforms, measured on the 50% level.

Not available for cursor measurements

Phase = Δt / T * 360°

2 sources:

analog, math, reference, logic

100%0%

The unit of most amplitude measurement results depends on the measured source.

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Source

Mean value Mean Arithmetic average of the complete dis-

played waveform.

RMS value RMS RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the

voltage of the complete displayed waveform.

analog, math, reference, logic

analog, math, reference

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RMS

||Max

Crest



 









Mean

%100

Amplitude

TopMax

Over

local







%100

Amplitude

Min Base

Over

local







Waveform Analysis

Automatic Measurements

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Source

Crest factor Crest The crest factor is also known as peak-

to-average ratio. It is the maximum value divided by the RMS value of the displayed waveform.

Standard deviation

Minimum Min Minimum value within the displayed

Maximum Max Maximum value within the displayed

Peak to peak Pk-Pk Difference of maximum and minimum

Base level Base Low level of the displayed waveform -

Standard deviation of the displayed waveform.

waveform.

values.

the lower maximum of the sample distribution. The measurement requires at least one complete period of the signal.

Max

Base

Min

Pk-Pk

analog, math, reference

Top level Top High level of the displayed waveform -

the upper maximum of the sample distribution. The measurement requires at least one complete period of the signal.

Amplitude Amp Difference between the top level and the

base level of the signal. The measurement requires at least one complete period of the signal.

Overshoot Over

in %

Overshoot of a square wave after a rising or falling edge. It is calculated from measurement values top level, base level, local maximum, local minimum, and amplitude.

Top

Base

Top

Base

analog, math, reference

Amplitude

analog, math, reference

Over+

Amplitude

Over-

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Waveform Analysis

Automatic Measurements

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Source

Preshoot Pre

in %

AC AC

in V

DC DC

in V

AC+DC AC+DC

in V

Overshoot of a square wave before a rising or falling edge.

RMS value of the AC part of a periodic signal, calculated over all periods on the display. The AC result is is derived from the DC and AC+DC results.

Mean value of a periodic signal, calculated over all periods on the display. If no complete period is available, only the mean value of the visible waveform is calculated.

RMS value of a periodic signal, calculated over all periods on the display. If no complete period is available, only the RMS value of the visible waveform is calculated.

Same equations as overshoot

Top

Pre+

Amplitude

Base

Pre-

N T

AC² + DC²

N T

analog, math, reference

3.2.3.3 Counting

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Sources

Positive pulse count

Negative pulse count

Rising edge count Cnt↑ Number of rising edges on the display.

Falling edge count Cnt↓ Number of falling edges on the display.

Cnt+ Number of positive pulses on the dis-

play. The mean value of the signal is determined. If the signal passes the mean value, an edge is counted. A positive pulse is counted if a rising edge and a following falling edge are detected.

Cnt- Number of negative pulses on the dis-

play. The mean value of the signal is determined. If the signal passes the mean value, an edge is counted. A negative pulse is counted if a falling edge and a following rising edge are detected.

The instrument determines the mean value of the signal and counts an edge every time the signal passes the mean value in the specified direction.

N321

Analog, math, reference, logic

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Waveform Analysis

Automatic Measurements

3.2.3.4 Power Measurements

Power measurements require two sources, one voltage source and one current source. They are not available for cursor measurements and logic channel sources.

Meas. type Symbol Description Graphic / formula Sources

Active power P

in W

Apparent power S

in VA

Reactive power Q

in var

Power factor PF

(no unit)

Active or real power is the energy of the system that can be used to do work.

Complex power S is the magnitude of the vector sum of real and reactive power.

Reactive power is temporally stored in a system because of the inductive and capacitive elements.

Power factor is a measure of the system efficiency. The value varies between -1 and 1.

PF = cos(φ)

2 sources:

analog, math,

reference

2 sources:

analog, math, reference

2 sources:

analog, math,

reference

2 sources:

analog, math, reference

3.2.4 Measurement Settings

Access: "Meas" menu

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Measurement

Selects the measurement to be configured in the menu. You can perform up to four different measurements simultaneously.

State

Enables or disables the selected measurement.

Remote command:

MEASurement<m>:ENABle on page 318

Type

Selects the measurement type. For a detailed description, see Chapter 3.2.3, "Mea-

surement Types", on page 77.

Remote command:

MEASurement<m>:TYPE on page 319

Source / Source 2

Defines the waveform to be measured. For delay, phase, and power measurements, 2 sources are required.

The sources can be any active input signal, math or reference waveform. Available source waveforms depend on the measurement type, see Chapter 3.2.3, "Measure-

ment Types", on page 77.

Remote command:

MEASurement<m>:SOURce on page 319

Waveform Analysis

Cursor Measurements

All off

Disables all active measurements.

Remote command:

MEASurement<m>:AOFF on page 320

Slope

Sets the slope for the delay measurement type.

"Positive"

"Negative"

"Either"

Delay between the first rising edge of each source waveform.

Delay between the first falling edge of each source waveform.

Delay between the first edge of each source waveform, no matter if it is rising or falling.

Remote command:

MEASurement<m>:DELay:SLOPe on page 320

3.3 Cursor Measurements

The cursor measurement determines the results at the current cursor positions, or performs gated automatic measurements between the cursor lines. The cursors can be positioned manually at fixed positions, or they can follow the waveform.

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You can perform cursor measurements on analog input signals, math waveform, XYdiagram, as well as on logic channels (requires option R&S RTH-B1).

Cursor measurements on spectrum displays are also available, if the option R&S RTHK18 is installed (see Chapter 5.2.7, "Cursor Measurements on Spectrums", on page 121).

Waveform Analysis

Cursor Measurements

3.3.1 Performing Cursor Measurements

To start and stop the last configured measurement

► Press the CURSOR key.

To configure the cursor measurement in the Cursor menu

1. Press and hold the CURSOR key until the "Cursor" menu opens.

2. Select the "Type" of the cursor.

3. For horizontal, track and measure types, select the "Source" channel that you want to measure.

4. Scroll down the menu and adjust the additional settings, which are required for the selected cursor type.

3.3.2 Cursor Types and Results

The results of cursor measurements are displayed at the top of the display. 4 cursor types are available.

Vertical cursors

For vertical cursors, two results are displayed by default: the absolute value of the time difference between the cursor lines Δt and its inverse value 1/Δt. Optionally, the positions of the cursor lines t1 and t2 are also measured. The results are time values and do not depend on any waveform, thus no source is required.

●

CURSor:TDELta? on page 323

●

CURSor:ITDelta? on page 323

●

CURSor:X1Position on page 323

●

CURSor:X2Position on page 323

Horizontal cursors

For horizontal cursors, the vertical values of the cursor positions y1 and y2 are measured. These are usually voltage or current values. The absolute value of the difference between the positions Δy is also displayed.

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●

CURSor:Y1Position on page 324

●

CURSor:Y2Position on page 324

●

CURSor:DELTa? on page 323

Track cursors

Two vertical cursor lines are coupled to the waveform. The instrument measures the vertical values y1 and y2 of the crossings between the cursor lines and the waveform. It also measures the absolute values of the difference between the positions Δy and of the time difference between the cursor lines Δt

●

CURSor:Y1AMplitude? on page 324

●

CURSor:Y2AMplitude? on page 324

●

CURSor:DELTa? on page 323

●

CURSor:TDELta? on page 323

Waveform Analysis

Cursor Measurements

Measurements

Two vertical cursor lines define a gate for two parallel automatic measurements. All automatic measurements that need only one source are available. Delay, phase, and power measurements are not provided for cursor measurements, they require two sources.

See Chapter 3.2.3, "Measurement Types", on page 77.

If the measurement result is outside the measurement range and clipping occurs, the results are marked with < (underflow) or > (overflow). Adjust the vertical scale to get valid results.

●

CURSor:MEASurement<m>:RESult:ACTual? on page 324

●

CURSor:MEASurement<m>:RESult:LIMit? on page 324

3.3.3 Settings for Cursor Measurements

Access: "Cursor" menu

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Waveform Analysis

Cursor Measurements

State

Enables or disables the cursor measurement.

Remote command:

CURSor:STATe on page 321

Type

Defines the type of the cursor measurement.

For details, see Chapter 3.3.2, "Cursor Types and Results", on page 83.

"Vertical"

"Horizontal"

"Track"

"Measure"

Remote command:

CURSor:FUNCtion on page 321

Source

Defines the source on which the cursor measurement is performed. The source can be any active analog or digital input signal, math waveform, or bus (requires option).

The source setting is not available for the cursor type "Vertical", and for measurements in the XY-diagram.

Remote command:

CURSor:SOURce on page 321

Displays two vertical cursor lines and measures their timing parameters.

Displays two horizontal cursor lines and measures their amplitude parameters.

Displays two vertical cursor lines and couples them to the source waveform. The amplitude characteristcs and the time difference of the crossing points are measured.

Displays two vertical cursor lines that define a gate for two simultaneous automatic measurements.

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Show Position

Shows the position values of the vertical cursor lines t1 and t2 in the measurement results. The setting is only available for the vertical cursor type.

Meas Type 1 / Meas Type 2

Set the automatic measurements to be performed on the source waveform between the cursor lines. The setting is only available for the "Measure" cursor type.

All automatic measurements that need only one source are available. Delay, phase, and power measurements are not provided for cursor measurements, they require two sources.

For a description of the measurement types, see Chapter 3.2.3, "Measurement Types", on page 77.

Remote command:

CURSor:MEASurement<m>:TYPE on page 322

Waveform Analysis

Mathematics

Track Scaling

If enabled, the position of the cursor lines is adjusted if the vertical or horizontal scales are changed. The cursor lines keep their relative position to the waveform.

If disabled, the cursor lines remain on their position on the display if the scaling is changed.

Remote command:

CURSor:SCPLing on page 322

Coupling

Couples the cursor lines so that the distance between the two lines remains the same if one cursor is moved.

Remote command:

CURSor:COUPling on page 322

Set to Screen

Sets the cursors to a default position on the screen. This is helpful if the cursors have disappeared from the display or need to be moved for a larger distance.

Remote command:

CURSor:SCReen on page 322

3.4 Mathematics

A math waveform is a calculated waveform. You can calculate data out of one or two different sources using several predefined operations.

► To configure the math waveform, press and hold the MATH key until the menu

opens.

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► To activate or deactivate the last configured math waveform, shortly press the

MATH key.

► To adjust vertical scale and position of the math waveform, use the RANGE and

POS keys.

You can analyize math waveforms in the same way as channel waveforms: use zoom, perform automatic and cursor measurements, save as reference waveform, and perform mask tests.

Description of settings

Waveform Analysis

Mathematics

State

Activates the waveform and displays it.

Remote command:

REFCurve:STATe on page 327 CALCulate:MATH:STATe on page 325

Source 1 / Source 2

Sets the source(s) for the defined mathematic operation.

Operation

Select an operation to calculate the math waveform.

"S1 + S2"

"S1 - S2"

Addition: Adds the values of "Source 1" and ""Source 2"".

Subtraction: Subtracts the values of "Source 2" from the values of

"Source 1".

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Waveform Analysis

Reference Waveforms

"S1 * S2"

"-S1,"

"|S1|"

"S12"

Multiplication: Multiplies the values of "Source 1" and "Source 2".

Inverse: Inverts all voltage values of "Source 1", i.e. all values are

mirrored at the ground level. Thus, a positive voltage offset becomes negative.

Abs. Value: Calculates the absolute value of "Source 1". All negative values are inverted to positive values.

Square: Squares the value of "Source 1".

Remote command:

CALCulate:MATH[:EXPRession][:DEFine] on page 325

RANGE keys

The vertical RANGE keys set the vertical scale (vertical sensitivity) of the math waveform.

Remote command:

CALCulate:MATH:VERTical:SCALe on page 326 CALCulate:MATH:VERTical:RANGe on page 326

POS keys

Move the math waveform or down in the diagram. The position is a graphical setting given in divisions.

You can also drag the waveform marker on the screen.

Remote command:

CALCulate:MATH:VERTical:POSition on page 326

3.5 Reference Waveforms

To compare waveforms and analyze differences between waveforms, you can use a reference waveform. You can also save reference waveforms and load them for further use. The display of a reference waveform is independent from that of the source waveform; you can change the vertical scale and position

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To create and save a reference waveform

1. Set up the waveform that will be the reference.

2. Open the "Ref" menu.

3. Select the "Source" waveform.

4. Select "Update".

The reference waveform is created, activated, and shown on top of the original waveform.

5. You can change the vertical scale and position using the RANGE and POS keys.

6. To save the reference, select "Save".

7. Select the "File Type" (format BIN, XML, or CSV).

8. Select the "File Name" and enter the file name.

Waveform Analysis

Reference Waveforms

3.5.1 Settings for Reference Waveforms

Access: "Ref" menu

Source

Selects the waveform to be taken as reference waveform. Any active channel or math waveform can be used.

Remote command:

REFCurve:SOURce on page 326

Update

Creates the reference waveform from the source waveform.

Remote command:

REFCurve:UPDate on page 326

State

Activates the waveform and displays it.

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Remote command:

REFCurve:STATe on page 327 CALCulate:MATH:STATe on page 325

Vertical Position

Sets the vertical position of the reference waveform.

You can also tap the waveform label "R" to set the focus to the reference waveform, and use the RANGE and POS keys to adjust the display.

Remote command:

REFCurve:POSition on page 327

Save/ Load

Saves or loads a reference waveform. The default directory is C:/Users/<user>/ Rohde-Schwarz/RTH/ReferenceCurves.

Select the "File Type" (format BIN, XML, or CSV) and enter the "File Name". See also

Chapter 3.5.2, "Waveform Files", on page 90.

Remote command:

REFCurve:NAME on page 327 REFCurve:SAVE on page 327 REFCurve:OPEN on page 327 REFCurve:DELete on page 327

Waveform Analysis

Reference Waveforms

3.5.2 Waveform Files

Reference waveforms can be stored in XML, CSV, or BIN format.

If you want to reload reference waveforms on the instrument, save them in BIN or CSV format. XML files cannot be reloaded.

Waveform data is saved in two files. One file contains the waveform data values and is indicated by *Wfm.* in the file name. The second file contains the header data, for example, time scale, vertical scale, vertical position, acquisition mode, and more. Header data is required to reload the waveform from data, or to analyze the data values of the data file.

3.5.2.1 Waveform Header Files

The header files of XML and BIN waveform files are written in XML format. The header files of CSV waveform files are written in CSV format. You can open the header files and use their information for data analysis.

CSV header files only contain the property names and values, one property per row.

VerticalScale:0.05:

HorizontalScale:5e-08:

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XML header files contain more information than CSV header files. For analysis, only

Name and Value are needed.

<Prop Name="VerticalScale" Value="0.05" UserValue="0.05" Step="0.001" Default="0.05"

Min="0.001" Max="100" StepDefault="0.001" StepFactor="10" UnitId="77"

UnitName="V/div" BitGroupSize="0" Format="0"></Prop>

<Prop Name="HorizontalScale" Value="1e-07" UserValue="1e-07" Step="1e-09"

Default="1e-07" Min="1e-09" Max="500" StepDefault="1e-09" StepFactor="10"

UnitId="75" UnitName="s/div" BitGroupSize="0" Format="0"></Prop>

Header files contain the following properties:

Value Description

Vertical settings

VerticalScale Vertical scale of the waveform in Volts per division, or other unit / division

VerticalOffset Vertical offset of the waveform in Volts, or other unit

VerticalPosition Vertical position of the waveform in divisions

Waveform Analysis

Reference Waveforms

Horizontal and acquisition settings

HorizontalScale Time scale in seconds per division

HorizontalLeft Horizontal start value of the waveform (time in s)

HorizontalResolutionPP Time between two recorded samples

HorizontalAcquisitionMode Sample, Peak Detect, High Res, Envelope, or Average

HorizontalDecimationFactor At long time bases, if the number of captured samples is higher than the

Samples

HorizontalTraceLength Record length, number of recorded waveform samples, which are stored

PostSettlingSamples Number of additional samples after the end of the waveform record.

PreSettlingSamples Number of additional samples before the beginning of waveform samples.

3.5.2.2 Waveform Data Files

The waveform data files are indicated by *Wfm.* in the file name. They contain the actual waveform data, the Y-values of the samples. Mostly, the Y-values are voltages:

available record length, decimation takes effect. If the time scale is ≤5 μs/ div, the decimation factor is 1.

in the memory

They ensure that all measurements can be performed on the reloaded waveform that could be performed on the original waveform.

Y0; Y1; Y2; Y3; ...

Before and after the waveform data, the instrument writes some presettling and postsettling samples. The overall number of values in the data file is:

ValuesNumber = PreSettlingSamples + HorizontalTraceLength + PostSettlingSamples

For envelope waveforms, the number of values in the file doubles. Two Y-values for each sample are written, one for the upper and one for the lower envelope:

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Basic Safety Instructions

Customer Support

Contents

1 Getting Started

1.1 Preface

1.1.1 Key Features

1.1.2 Input Isolation

1.1.3 Measurement Categories

1.1.4 Documentation Overview

1.2 Preparing for Use

1.2.1 Unpacking the Instrument

1.2.2 Inserting and Charging the Battery

1.2.3 Powering On/Off

1.2.4 Using the Tilt Stand

1.2.5 EMI Suppression

1.3 Instrument Tour

1.3.1 Front View

1.3.2 Top View

1.3.3 Right View

1.3.4 Left View

1.3.5 Rear View

1.3.6 Display Overview

1.4 Operating Basics

1.4.1 Accessing the Functionality

1.4.1.1 Using the Touchscreen

1.4.1.2 Using the Navigation Wheel

1.4.1.3 Using Front Panel Keys

1.4.2 Selecting the Mode

1.4.3 Displaying an Unknown Signal

1.4.4 Getting Information and Help

1.4.4.1 Displaying Help

1.4.4.2 Using the Help Window

1.5 Maintenance

1.5.1 Cleaning

1.5.2 Data Storage and Security

1.5.3 Storing and Packing

2 Waveform Setup

2.1 Connecting Probes

2.2 Vertical Setup

2.2.1 Vertical Settings

2.2.2 Effect of the Bandwidth Filter

2.3 Horizontal Setup

2.4 Acquisition Control

2.5 Trigger

2.5.1 General Trigger Settings

2.5.2 Edge Trigger

2.5.3 Glitch Trigger

2.5.4 Width Trigger

2.5.5 Video/TV Trigger

2.5.5.1 Standard TV Trigger Settings

2.5.5.2 Settings for Custom Video Signals (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.6 External Trigger (R&S RTH1002)

2.5.7 Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.8 State Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.9 Runt Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.10 Slew Rate Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.11 Data2Clock Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.12 Serial Pattern Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.12.1 Pattern Definition

2.5.12.2 Serial Pattern Trigger Settings

2.5.13 Timeout Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.14 Interval Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.15 Window Trigger (R&S RTH-K19)

2.5.16 Protocol Trigger (R&S RTH-K1, R&S RTH-K2 and R&S RTH-K3)

3 Waveform Analysis

3.1 Zoom

3.2 Automatic Measurements

3.2.1 Performing Automatic Measurements

3.2.2 Measurement Results

3.2.3 Measurement Types

3.2.3.1 Time Measurements

3.2.3.2 Amplitude Measurements

3.2.3.3 Counting

3.2.3.4 Power Measurements

3.2.4 Measurement Settings

3.3 Cursor Measurements