PerkinElmer OPTIMA 8000 Customer Hardware And Service Manual

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ICP OPTICAL EMISSION

Customer Hardware and

Service Guide

Optima 8000

Customer Hardware and Service Manual

Release Information

Part Number Release Publication Date

09932004 A April 2011

Any comments about the documentation for this product should be addressed to:

User Assistance Perkin Elmer. 710 Bridgeport Avenue Shelton, CT 06484-4794 U.S.A

or emailed to: info@perkinelmer.com

Notices

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Except as specifically set forth in the terms and conditions of sale, PerkinElmer makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

PerkinElmer shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No parts of this document may be reproduced in any form whatsoever or translated into any language without the prior written permission of Perkin Elmer, Inc.

Printed in the USA.

Trademarks

Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such, are protected by law

PerkinElmer is a trademark of Perkin Elmer, Inc. FIAS is a trademark of Perkin Elmer, Inc. GemCone is a trademark of Perkin Elmer, Inc.

GemTip is a trademark of Perkin Elmer, Inc. Hewlett-Packard and HP LaserJet are trademarks of Hewlett Packard Corporation. Meinhard is a registered trademark of J.E. Meinhard Associates, Inc. MS-DOS, Windows, and Microsoft are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Ryton is a registered trademark of Phillips Petroleum Company. Teflon is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont deNemours & Co.

Tygon is a registered trademark of Norton Company. Viton is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont deNemours & Co. WinLab is a trademark of Perkin Elmer, Inc.

Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Safety and Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Safety Information in the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

FCC Compliance (United States) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Symbols Used on the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Warning Labels on the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Labels on the front of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Warning labels on the back and side of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Warning labels in the torch compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Using this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Documents to Help You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

How this Guide is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Using the Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

A Word on Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Chapter 1: Safety Practices

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Laboratory Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Pollution Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Handling of the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Laboratory Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Instrument Safety Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Safety Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Radio Frequency Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Ultraviolet Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

High Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Contents

Hot Exhaust Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Safe Use of Drain Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Waste Disposal Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Safe Handling of Gas Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Identification of Gas Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Hazardous Chemicals Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Safe Use of Chemical Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Sample Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Dissolving Solid Samples in Organics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Dissolving Solid Samples Using Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Acid Digestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Fusion Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Decontamination and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Decontamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Cleaning the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Chapter 2: Preparing Your Laboratory

Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Exhaust Vent Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0

Cooling Water Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Optima 8000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Purge Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Shear Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Chapter 3: System Description

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Transfer Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Monochromator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Wavelength Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

ICP Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

RF Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

RF Control Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Contents

Sample Introduction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Sample and Torch Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Nebulizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Nebulizer Heater (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Peristaltic Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Switches and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Main On/Off Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Software Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Connections to Electrical, Gas, and Cooling Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

System Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

ICP Plasma Generator System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Gas Flow Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Sample Introduction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Optical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Chapter 4: Installation

Installation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Setting Up the Computer and Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Moving the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Connecting the Gases and Cooling Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Connecting the Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Connecting the PolyScience Chiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Connecting the Chiller to the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Remote Chiller Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Starting Up the PolyScience Chiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Connecting the System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Installing the Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Installing the Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Connecting the Nebulizer (NEB) Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Installing The Autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Fitting and Connecting the Autosampler Sampling Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Adjusting the Sampling Probe Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Contents

Setting the Torch Viewing Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Switching On the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Setting Instrument Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

General Parameter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Instrument Settings for Aqueous Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Hardware Settings and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Shipping List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Chapter 5: Maintenance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Daily Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Daily Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Argon Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Purge Gas Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Shear Gas Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Chiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Vent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Torch and Plasma Induction Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Peristaltic Pump and Drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Periodic Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Torch Assembly and Plasma Induction Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Purge Viewing Window/Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 43

Peristaltic Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

General System Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Torch Viewing Position Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Performance Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Cleaning the Sample Introduction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Plasma Torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Plasma Induction Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Removing the Scott Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Removing the Injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Removing and Disassembling the Torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Contents

Cleaning the Torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Replacing the Torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Replacing the Torch on the Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Replacing the Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Connecting the Nebulizer (Neb) Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Replacing the Plasma Induction Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Removing and Cleaning the Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Removing the Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Cleaning the Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Replacing the Radial Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Replacing the Axial Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Replacing and Adjusting the Shear Gas Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Adjusting the Position of the Shear Gas Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Scott-Type Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Removing the Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Removing the End Cap from the Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Cleaning the Scott-Type Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Cyclonic Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Installing the Cyclonic Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Etching the Cyclonic Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Nebulizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

GemTip Cross-Flow Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Removing the Nebulizer/End Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Checking the Spray Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Disassembling the Cross-Flow Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Removing the Sample Tip from the End Cap, N0770546 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Removing the Argon Tip from the End Cap, N0770546 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Connecting the Nebulizer Argon Tubing (Cross-Flow End Cap, N0770546) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Replacing the Nebulizer Argon Tubing (Cross-Flow End Cap, N0770546) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Replacing the Nebulizer/End Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

GemCone Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Daily Cleaning of the Low-Flow GemCone Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Daily Cleaning of the High Solids GemCone Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Installing the GemCone Nebulizer on the Scott-Type Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Installing the GemCone Nebulizer on the Cyclonic Spray Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Cleaning the GemCone Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Contents

GemCone Liquid Fitting Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

Concentric Glass Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

Installing the Concentric Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

Cleaning the Concentric Glass Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Mira Mist Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

Sample Capillary Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

Gas Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

Sample Introduction / Maximizing Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

Cleaning the Nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

Peristaltic Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

Replacement Pump Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

Installing the Sample and Drain Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

Installing the Sample Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

Connecting the Drain Tubing Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Installing the Drain Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Adjusting the Pump Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222

Cleaning the Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

Removing the Pump Head on the Peristaltic Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 24

Drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224

General System Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 26

Cleaning the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

Air Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

Changing the RF Generator Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 26

Changing the Spectrometer Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

Changing the Neon Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Chiller and Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

Replacement Parts: General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

Ordering Supplies, Accessories, and Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Chapter 6: Troubleshooting

Performance Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

Checking the Sample Introduction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

Plasma Ignition and Stability Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

Plasma Ignition Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

Plasma Stability Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Printing Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

Contents

Troubleshooting Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

General: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Sample Introduction Configuration: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Instrument Environment: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Chapter 7: Error Messages

System Error (SYSERROR) Messages for RF Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Contents

Customer Service

Company Name and Address:

PerkinElmer 710 Bridgeport Avenue Shelton, Connecticut 06484-4794 USA Tel: (800) 762-4000 or (203) 762-4000

Supplies, accessories, and replacement parts can be ordered directly from PerkinElmer using the eight-digit part numbers provided in this manual. To place an order for supplies and many replacement parts, request a free catalog, or ask for information visit our website.

www.perkinelmer.com/supplies

The most up-to-date information on part numbers, product brochures, spare parts and application notes are located in the PerkinElmer website.

• If you are located within the U.S., call toll-free: (800) 762-4000, Monday Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours.

• If you are located outside the U.S., call your PerkinElmer sales office.

Safety and Regulatory Information

Warning

Safety Information in the Manual

Safety information is contained in Chapter 1 of this manual. Before setting up and operating this instrument, carefully read the safety precautions described in this chapter and observe them at all times.

The protection provided by this equipment may be impaired if

Caution

the equipment is used in a manner not specified by PerkinElmer.

This manual contains important information regarding potential hazards that may arise during the operation of the instrument. It is essential that this information is read and thoroughly understood by all potential users of the instrument.

The instrument should be used according to the instructions provided in this manual. If used otherwise, the protection provided by the instrument may be

impaired.

In this manual, the following graphic symbols and special text formats are used to set apart important safety information.

Caution

A warning indicates an operation that could cause personal injury if precautions are not followed..

A caution indicates an operation that could cause instrument damage if precautions are not followed.

FCC Compliance (United States)

This product is classified as Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) equipment and has been tested and found to comply with the limits specified for non-consumer equipment, pursuant to Part 18 of the FCC Rules.

These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a non-residential installation.This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which, can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• reorient or relocate the receiving antenna

• increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver

• connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which

the receiver is connected

• consult the dealer or an experienced RFI technician for assistance.

Europe

All information concerning EMC standards is in the Declaration of Conformity, and these standards may change as the European Union adds new requirements.

This instrument has been designed and manufactured, having regard to the state of the art, to ensure that

a) the electromagnetic disturbance generated does not exceed the level

above which radio and telecommunications equipment or other equipment cannot operate as intended;

b) it has a level of immunity to the electromagnetic disturbance to be

expected in its intended use which allows it to operate without unacceptable degradation of its intended use.

Environment

Warning

Operating Conditions

Explosive Atmosphere

This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosiv e atmosphere.

Pollution Degree

This equipment will operate safely in environments that contain non-conductive foreign matter up to Pollution Degree 2 in EN/IEC 61010–1.

Recommended operating conditions:

• Indoors.

• The location must be free of smoke, dust, corrosive fumes, direct sunlight and

• Temperature +15 °C to +35 °C (+59 °F to +95 °F) with a maximum rate of

• Relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.

• Altitude in the range 0 m to 2,000 m (sea level to 6,562 feet) with a maximum

excessive vibration.

change of 2.8 °C (5 °F) per hour. For optimum instrument performance, the room temperature should be controlled at 20° ± 2 °C. For optimum instrument performance, the relative humidity should be between 35% and 50%.

rate of change of 2.8 °C (5 °F) per hour.

Safe operating conditions:

• Indoors

• Temperature +5 °C to +40 °C (+41 °F to +104 °F).

• Relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.

• Altitude in the range 0 m to 2,000 m (sea level to 6,562 feet).

Storage conditions:

• Ambient temperature –20 °C to +60 °C (–4 °F to +140 °F).

• Relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.

• Altitude in the range 0 m to 12,000 m (sea level to 39,370 feet).

When you remove the instrument from storage, before unpacking or putting it into

Warning

operation, allow it to stand for at least a day under the approved operating conditions.

Symbols Used on the Instrument

The three different types of warning symbols that appear on the instrument are shown below:

This symbol indicates Caution, risk of electric shock. AVERTISSEMENT: Risque de choc électrique.

This symbol indicates Caution, risk of danger. Documentation must be consulted to determine the nature of the potential hazard and any actions which have to be taken.

AVERTISSEMENT: Risque de Danger: Réfère à la documentation de déterminer la nature de l’hasard potentiel et aucunes actions qui sont nécessaire de le réparer.

This symbol indicates Caution, hot surface. AVERTISSEMENT: La surface est chaude.

The following graphic symbols are also found on the instrument:

Indicates the OFF position of the main power switch.

Indicates the ON position of the main power switch.

Indicates alternating current.

Warning Labels on the Instrument

Labels on the front of the instrument

Label Location Instructions for Safety

Label #1 in Figure A.

Label #2 in Figure A.

UV Radiation. Risk of eye damage. Rayonnement UV. Risque de blessure des yeux.

The plasma may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes. Do not gaze into the emitted light. Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the light from the plasma.

Rayonnement UV. Risque de blessure des yeux. La plasma peut émettre des UV qui peut blesser les yeux. Ne regardez pas fixement à la lumière emis. Tourjours porter des lunettes de protection absorbant les UV pour regarder le plasma.

Hot gases are vented through the chimney into the venting system. Les gaz chauds passent par la cheminée dans l’installation de ventilation.

Do not touch this area of the instrument when the plasma is on.

The plasma generates high intensity ultraviolet radiation. Le plasma crée des rayons ultraviolets a haute intensité.

Do not view the plasma through the chimney.

Figure A. Location of warning label on the front of the instrument.

Warning labels on the back and side of the instrument

Air German Luft French Air Danish Luft Finnish Ilma Greek

P

Italian Aria Dutch Lucht Norwegian Luft Portuguese Ar Spanish Aire Swedish Luft

Marking Location Instructions for Safety

Label #1 in Figure B.

Vmax = 30 V AC, Imax = 0.5 A AC Vmax = 30 V DC, Imax= 2 A DC

Do not exceed stated voltage and current.

Label #2 in Figure B.

Label #3 in Figure B.

Label #4 in Figure B.

Label #5 in Figure B.

Air / N

For the shear gas, use air or nitrogen.

Warning - Grounding circu it continuity is v it al for the safe ope ration of this instrument. Grounding is accomplished by the use of an IEC309 instrument power plug furnished by the factory and it is not to be removed during or after installation.

Attention: La continuité de circuit par mettre a la terre est nécessaire pour l’opération de cet instrument sans risque. L'usine fournit la fiche d’instrument IEC309 qui mits à la terre l’instrument. N’enlève pas la fiche pendant ou après l’installation.

Warning: All field wiring must have insulation suitable for at least 300 V. Avertissement: Le cablage a pied d’ouvre doit etre certifiés pour un

minimum de 300 V. Warning: Disconnect supply before servicing.

Avertissement: Couper l’alimentation avant l’entretien.

Label #6 in Figure B.

CAUTION: This unit contains protective circuitry. Contact PerkinElmer qualified personnel before performing any AC line tests.

Attention: Cet appareil continent un circuit protecteur. Contact le personnel qualifié de PerkinElmer d’effectuer un quelconque controle de circuit en courant alternatif.

The instrument has AC line surge suppressing components which require disconnection before testing. For safety reasons, testing and servicing should be carried out only by a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly authorized and trained person.

Figure B. Location of warning labels on the back and side of the instrument.

4 5

Caution: Do not restrict air intake or exhaust. Attention: N’obstruez pas l’arrivée ou l’évacuation d’air.

T o provide adequate space for ventilation, allow at least 30 cm (12 inches) of free space around the instrument. Do not obstruct the two air filters.

Warning labels in the torch compartment

Marking Location Instructions for Safety

Label #1 in Figure C

Label #2 in Figure C

WARNING – Do not defeat interlocks. Avertissement: Ne pas desengager les enclenchements de securite.

The instrument has safety interlocks to protect the operator from exposure to radio frequency and ultraviolet radiation. Do not attempt to defeat the safety interlocks.

Risk of hot surfaces. Risque de surfaces chaudes.

Wait until the torch and surrounding surfaces have cooled to room temperature before you touch them.

Figure C. Location of warning labels in the sample compartment.

Using this Guide

This manual is your hardware guide to the Optima 8000 instrument. Main topics include:

• safety practices

• preparing your laboratory

• a description of the system

• installation

• maintenance

• troubleshooting

• error messages

Documents to Help You

This manual contains hardware information for Optima 8000 instrument. The following documentation is also provided for Optima 8000 instrument.

• Winlab32 Software Guide on the WinLab CD. This guide contains basic information on the ICP WinLab software, step-by-step procedures, and comprehensive chapters that cover each of the software windows and parameters for reference.

• Winlab32 Software Installation and Administration Guide on the WinLab CD. This guide contains step-by-step procedures for software installation and administration information on the ICP WinLab software.

How this Guide is Organized

Thoroughly read the Safety chapter before using the instrument. Consult the appropriate reference materials listed at the end of the Safety chapter on page 46.

Read Chapter... To find out about...

1 Safety Practices Important safety information. 2 Preparing Your Laboratory The preparation of your laboratory

3 System Description The components of the instrument, how

4 Installation This chapter includes information for

needed for the Optima 8000 inst rument. Environmental, electrical, space, exhaust, gases, and cooling water requirements are reviewed.

the echelle spectrometer works and instrument specifications.

installing or re-installing the system components (autosampler, computer, and printer) and is provided for your reference should you ever need to move the system.

5 Maintenance Maintenance and cleaning procedures

for the various components of your system, particularly for the sample introduction area.

6 Troubleshooting Performance checks and

troubleshooting information for both hardware and software problems.

7 Error Messages Explanations of software and system

error messages.

Using the Index

Use the index to look up information on the different hardware components. If you need to find information on cleaning the nebulizer, for example, look up “nebulizer” in the index. Also, use the index to look up information on the following topics:

• installation

• maintenance

• troubleshooting

A Word on Troubleshooting

We recommend that you consult the troubleshooting information included in this manual before you call a PerkinElmer service engineer. The Troubleshooting chapter contains suggestions to help you determine systematically whether instrument problems are due to improper analytical techniques, improper selection of instrument parameters, or malfunction of the instrument.

Safety Practices

Introduction

This chapter describes general practices designed to aid you in safely operating the spectrometer and accessories.

This advice is intended to supplement, not supersede, the normal safety codes in the user's country. The information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be practiced. Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the responsibility of the analyst and the analyst's organization.

Please consult all manuals supplied with the spectrometer and accessories before you start working with the instrument. Carefully read the safety information in this chapter and in the other manuals supplied. When setting up the instrument or performing analyses or maintenance procedures, strictly follow the instructions provided.

Laboratory Guidelines

This section describes some general laboratory safety guidelines. For additional information, we recommend The CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety (1) and Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (2).

General

Caution

Note

The protection provided by this equipment may be impaired if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by PerkinElmer.

This equipment requires no specified inspection or preventive maintenance to ensure the continuous functioning of its safety features

Always wear safety glasses when using the instrument. Safety glasses with side shields will provide an extra margin of safety as well as mechanical protection for your eyes.

For safety reasons and to avoid contaminating samples, be sure that the instrument and work area are kept scrupulously clean. This is especially important when working with toxic elements or when measuring trace amounts of any element. Clean up spilled chemicals immediately and dispose of them properly.

Smoking is a source of significant contamination as well as a potential route for

Warning

ingesting harmful chemicals.

Food should not be stored, handled, or consumed in the work area.

Environmental Conditions

The instrument should be used indoors in a laboratory having the environmental conditions as recommended in Environmental Conditions on page 49.

This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive environment.

Pollution Degree

This product will operate safely in environments that contain nonconductive foreign matter up to Pollution Degree 2 in EN/IEC 61010-1

Laboratory Guidelines

Handling of the Instrument

Contact a PerkinElmer service engineer for assistance in installing or evaluating the system after moving. The Optima 8000 weighs 146 kg (321

pounds), or 201 kg (442 pounds) with the shipping container. If the instrument needs to be moved please contact PerkinElmer Service.

Laboratory Ventilation

Toxic combustion products, metal vapor, and ozone can be generated by the system, depending upon the type of analyses. Combustion products vary with the type of sample analyzed. If the sample compartment door is opened, a maximum of 0.9 liters of Argon may escape during the first minute. After that, 0.1 liters/ minute of Argon will continue to escape while the door is open.

An exhaust venting system is always required to remove those gases which are generated during the normal operation of the instrument.

Warning

Safety Practices

An efficient ventilation system must be provided for the instrument. Detailed specifications for a recommended venting system are described in the section titled Exhaust Vent Requirements on page 50.

Instrument Safety Practices

This section describes potential hazards and recommended safety practices. You should thoroughly review this information.

This equipment requires no specified inspection or preventive maintenance to ensure the continuous functioning of its safety features.

Do not position the instrument so that it is difficult to operate the main power switch which is the disconnecting device.

The protection provided by this equipment may be impaired if

Caution

Safety Interlocks

the equipment is used in a manner not specified by PerkinElmer.

The instrument has safety interlocks to protect the operator from radio frequency (RF) radiation and ultraviolet radiation, and to prevent access to high voltage areas.

Do not attempt to defeat the safety interlocks. This would place the operator's safety at risk.

The following interlocks must be satisfied in order to ignite the plasma. If any of these interlocks is interrupted while the plasma is on, the plasma will automatically be shut down.

• The front door on the torch compartment must be closed before the plasma can ignite.

• Argon pressures for the torch must be correct.

• Emergency Off Switch must be released.

• Cooling water must be flowing to the plasma induction plates and oscillator.

• Quick change torch must be installed.

• The shear gas must be flowing.

Radio Frequency Radiation

Warning

The instrument generates high levels of Radio Frequency (RF) energy, which is potentially hazardous if allowed to escape. The instrument is designed to contain the RF energy within the shielded enclosures of the sample compartment and the RF power supply. Safety interlocks prevent you from operating the system without all covers, doors, and shields in place.

Ultraviolet Radiation

The plasma generates high intensity ultraviolet radiation. A safety interlock is used to automatically shut off the plasma if the sample compartment door is opened or the torch is removed. The sample compartment has a viewing window for safely viewing the plasma.

Directly viewing the plasma (without protection) may cause permanent impairment of eyesight.

Instrument Safety Practices

Electrical Safety

The instrument has been designed to protect the operator from potential electrical hazards. This section describes some recommended electrical safety practices.

Lethal voltages are present at certain areas within the instrument. Installation and internal maintenance of the instrument should only be performed by a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly authorized and trained person.

When the instrument is connected to line power, opening the instrument covers is likely to expose live parts. Even when the power switch is off, high voltages can still be present. Power supplies inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument has been disconnected from all voltage sources.

Warning

Safety Practices

Grounding circuit continuity is vital for safe operation of the equipment. Never operate equipment with grounding conductor

disconnected.

Connect the instrument to an AC line power outlet that has a protective ground connection. To ensure satisfactory and safe operation

of the instrument, it is essential that the protective ground conductor (the green/yellow lead) of the line power cord is connected to true electrical ground. Any interruption of the protective ground conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective ground terminal may impair the protection provided by the instrument.

Grounding circuit continuity is vital for safe operation of the equipment. Grounding is accomplished by use of an IEC60309

instrument power plug furnished by the factory and not removed during or after installation.

The instrument must be correctly connected to a suitable electrical supply. The supply must have a correctly installed protective conductor (earth ground) and must be installed or checked by a qualified electrician before connecting the instrument.

Any interruption of the protective conductor (earth ground) inside or outside the instrument or disconnection of the protective conductor terminal is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional

interruption is prohibited.

Do not operate the instrument with any covers or parts removed.

Disconnect the power cord from the AC line power wherever the cover is removed.

Instrument Safety Practices

When working with the instrument:

• Connect the instrument to a correctly installed line power outlet that has a protective conductor connection (earth ground).

• Do not operate the instrument with any covers or internal parts removed unless required to do so.

• Never leave the instrument unattended with the cover off and connected to AC power!

• Do not attempt to make internal adjustments or replacements except as directed in the manuals.

• Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any adjustment, replacement, maintenance, or repair. If afterwards, the opened instrument must be operated for further adjustment, maintenance, or repair, this must only be done by a qualified person who is aware of the hazards involved.

• Whenever it is possible that the instrument is no longer electrically safe for use, make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unauthorized or unintentional operation. The electrical safety of the instrument is likely to be impaired if, for example, the instrument shows visible damage; has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions; or has been subjected to severe stress during transportation.

High Temperatures

The torch components remain hot for some time after the plasma has been shut off. Allow sufficient time for these items to cool to room temperature before you handle them.

Hot Exhaust Gases

When the plasma is on, hot gases are vented through the chimney above the sample compartment. An efficient ventilation system must be provided, as referenced in the Exhaust Vent Requirements on page 50. In addition, avoid this area of the instrument to prevent burns.

Warning

Safety Practices

Safe Use of Drain Systems

For safe operation of the system, the pumped drain system should be properly installed.

Never place the vessel in an enclosed cabinet. Doing so could result in a build-up of hazardous gases, which may result in a serious explosion or fire.

Never use a glass drain vessel. A glass drain vessel may break and spill flammable, toxic, or corrosive liquids.

Recommended safety practices for drain systems are given below.

• Place the drain vessel in an area that is visible to the operators, who can observe the level of collected effluent and empty the vessel when necessary.

• Check the condition of the drain tubing regularly to monitor deterioration. Organic solvents deteriorate the tubing more quickly than aqueous solutions. When the tubing becomes brittle or cracked, replace it.

• Empty the drain bottle regularly when using organic solvents. Before switching from organic to aqueous solutions, always empty the drain bottle.

Waste Disposal Procedures

• Carefully monitor the collection of effluent in the drain vessel and empty the drain vessel frequently. When switching between organic and aqueous solutions, flush the drain tube thoroughly and empty and flush out the drain vessel.

• Drain vessels may contain flammable, acidic, caustic, or organic solutions, and small amounts of the elements analyzed . The collected effluent may have to be disposed of as hazardous waste.

• The responsible body is responsible for the correct collection and disposal of waste materials. This includes the necessity for a suitably sized waste container of appropriately resistant material for the collection of organic solvent waste and provision for the removal into an appropriate exhaust system of any gases or vapors which may be produced in hazardous concentrations.

WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products

Warning

Dispose of waste in accordance with the regulations applicable to your locality, state, and/or country.

WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products

A label with a crossed-out wheeled bin symbol and a rectangular bar indicates that the product is covered by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive and is not to be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste. Any products marked with this symbol must be collected separately, according to the regulatory guidelines in your area.

The objectives of this program are to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment, protect human health, and utilize natural resources prudently and rationally. Specific treatment of WEEE is indispensable in order to avoid the dispersion of pollutants into the recycled material or waste stream. Such treatment is the most effective means of protecting the customer's environment.

Requirements for waste collection reuse, recycling, and recovery programs vary by regulatory authority at your location. Contact your local responsible body (e.g., your laboratory manager) or authorized representative for information regarding applicable disposal regulations. Contact PerkinElmer at the web site listed below for information specific to PerkinElmer products.

Web address: http://las.perkinelmer.com/OneSource/Environmental-directives.htm

Warning

Safety Practices

For Customer Care telephone numbers select "Contact us" on the web page. Products from other manufacturers may also form a part of your PerkinElmer

system. These other producers are directly responsible for the collection and processing of their own waste products under the terms of the WEEE Directive. Please contact these producers directly before discarding any of their products.

Consult the PerkinElmer web site (above) for producer names and web addresses.

Safe Handling of Gas Cylinders

The permanent installation of gas supplies is the responsibility of the user

Note

and should conform to local safety and building codes.

Gases commonly used with ICP instruments include argon and nitrogen. The major hazard associated with these gases is suffocation. This can occur if the gas is allowed to escape in an enclosed area and displaces the oxygen in the air. These gases are neither explosive nor combustible.

Contact the gas supplier for a material safety data sheet (MSDS) containing detailed information on the potential hazards associated with the gas.

Carefully use, store, and handle compressed gases in cylinders. Gas cylinders can be hazardous if they are mishandled.

If liquid argon or nitrogen is used, the gas cylinder must be fitted with an overpressure regulator, which will vent the cylinder as necessary to prevent it from becoming a safety hazard.

Listed below are some general safety practices for the proper identification, storage, and handling of gas cylinders. Consult Referen ces 3 and 4 on page 46 for more detailed information and additional guidelines.

Identification of Gas Cylinders

• Legibly mark cylinders to identify their contents. Use the chemical name or commercially accepted name for the gas.

Safe Handling of Gas Cylinders

Storing Cylinders

• Cylinders should be stored in accordance with the regulations and standards applicable to the customer’s locality, state, and country.

• When cylinders are stored indoors in storage rooms, the storage room should be well ventilated and dry. Ensure that the ventilation is adequate to prevent the formation of dangerous accumulations of gas. This is particularly important in small or confined areas.

• Do not store cylinders near elevators, gangways, or in locations where heavy moving objects may strike or fall against them.

• Use and store cylinders away from exits and exit routes.

• Locate cylinders away from heat sources, including heat lamps. Compressed gas cylinders should not be subjected to temperatures above 52 °C (126 °F).

• Do not allow ignition sources in the storage area and keep cylinders away from readily ignitable substances such as gasoline or waste, or combustibles in bulk, including oil.

• Store cylinders standing upright, fastened securely to an immovable bulkhead or permanent wall.

• When storing cylinders outdoors, they should be stored above ground on a suitable floor and protected against temperature extremes (including the direct rays of the sun).

Handling Cylinders

• If it becomes necessary to move cylinders, do so with a suitable hand truck after ensuring that the container cap is secured and the cylinder properly fastened to the hand truck.

• Use only gas-pressure regulators, tubing, and hose connectors approved by an appropriate regulatory agency.

• Arrange gas hoses where they will not be damaged or stepped on, and where objects will not be dropped on them.

• Do not refill gas cylinders.

Warning

Safety Practices

• Check the condition of pipes, hoses, and connectors regularly. Perform gas leak tests at all joints and seals of the gas system regularly, using an approved gas leak detection solution.

• When the equipment is turned off, close all gas cylinder valves tightly at the cylinder. Bleed the remainder of the line before turning the exhaust vent off.

Hazardous Chemicals Warnings

Before using any chemicals or solvents with the instrument, the customer should be thoroughly familiar with all hazards and safety handling practices. Observe the manufacturer’s recommendations for use, storage and disposal. These recommendations are normally supplied in the material safety data sheets (MSDS) supplied with the solvents.

Some chemicals used with this instrument may be hazardous or may become hazardous after completing an analysis. The responsible body

(e.g. Lab Manager) must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the surrounding workplace and the instrument operators are not exposed to hazardous levels of toxic substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the applicable Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or OSHA, ACGIH, or COSHH documents. Venting for fumes and disposal of waste must be in accordance with all national, state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.

Some definitions of terms used in "Hazardous Chemicals Warnings" above are given next.

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (United States) ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists COSHH: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (United Kingdom) Responsible body: "Individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance

of equipment, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained." [per EN/IEC 61010-1].

Operator: "Person operating equipment for its intended purpose." [per EN/IEC

Warning

61010-1].

Safe Use of Chemical Reagents

This section provides some general safety practices that should be observed when working with any chemicals.

Give careful attention to the hazards associated with the chemical reagents being used. Refer to the safety data sheets provided by the manufacturer, for example, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) in the USA (for other names, see Reference 5).

Protective Equipment

• Wear appropriate eye protection at all times while handling chemicals. Use safety glasses with side shields, goggles, or full-face shields, according to the types of chemicals being handled.

• Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves specifically designed to resist the chemicals being handled.

Safe Handling of Gas Cylinders

Use, Storage, and Disposal

Review the following information to ensure the safe use, storage, and disposal of chemicals.

• Use, store, and dispose of chemicals in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and regulations applicable to the locality, state, and/or country.

• When preparing chemical solutions, always work in a fume hood that is suitable for the chemicals you are using.

• Conduct sample preparation away from the instrument to minimize corrosion and contamination.

• Clean up spills immediately using the appropriate equipment and supplies such as spill cleanup kits.

• Do not put open containers of solvent near the instrument.

Warning

Safety Practices

• Store solvents in an approved cabinet (with the appropriate ventilation, as required) away from the instrument.

• The responsible body has the responsibility for carrying out appropriate decontamination if hazardous material is spilt on or inside the instrument.

Sample Preparation

Sample preparation for ICP spectroscopy may require the handling of organic or corrosive solutions. Dilution of samples and adding dilute acid to a liquid sample is generally less hazardous than putting a solid sample into solution. This section will deal specifically with the potential hazards associated with dissolving solid samples, although the information can be applied to any sample handling situation. Also, refer to the general precautions for handling chemicals described at the beginning of this chapter.

Reference 6 contains general information on sample preparation procedures as well as an appendix on laboratory safety. Reference 7 contains information on laboratory safety and sample preparation methods prescribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Reference 8 contains information on microwave sample preparation, which is not covered in this section.

Solid samples may be put into solution by dissolving the sample in an organic solvent or acidic solution; digesting the sample; or reacting the sample with a fusion mixture. Each of these techniques has certain hazards associated with it.

Always wear appropriate eye protection while preparing samples. Use safety glasses with side shields, goggles, or full-face shields, depending on the chemicals you are handling.

Dissolving Solid Samples in Organics

• Always work in a fume hood so that flammable and/or toxic solvents do not concentrate in the work area.

• Wear protective clothing and gloves. Some solvents are readily absorbed through the skin.

When selecting a solvent, consider the following:

• Is the solvent compatible with the equipment? Aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones and esters, alcohols, and xylene, are the most

frequently used solvents. Make sure that all equipment that will come into contact with the solvent is compatible with the solvent, e.g., tubing, sample cups, storage and waste containers, etc.

• Is the solvent toxic? Avoid solvents known to be health hazards, such as benzene or methyl isobu tyl

ketone (MIBK). Some solvents, such as the halogenated hydrocarbons, generate toxic gases

when heated.

Consult the data sheets provided by the manufacturer for information on health hazards (see Reference 5 on page 46).

Dissolving Solid Samples Using Acids

Sample Preparation

Dissolving solid samples in aqueous solutions often requires the use of concentrated acids.

Using Acids

When using acids, use the following precautions:

• Always work in an acid-resistant fume hood.

• Wear protective clothing, including gloves specifically designed to resist the acid being used.

• Attempt to dissolve the sample in a dilute acid solution before using concentrated acid.

• Add concentrated acid to a sample cautiously. Dissolving a sample in concentrated acid may provoke a vigorous reaction.

Warning

Safety Practices

Acid Digestions

Acid digestions, either at atmospheric pressure or at increased pressure, require special care. Spattering and foaming of the sample/acid mixture may expose the user to a hazard, as well as compromise the sample integrity. A digested sample containing concentrated acid will react violently with water.

Perchloric acid and hydrofluoric acid are particularly hazardous to work with.

Perchloric Acid

Perchloric acid (HClO presents severe fire and explosion hazards.

Before using perchloric acid, you should be thoroughly familiar with its hazards and safe handling practices. Observe the manufacturer's

recommendations for use, storage, and disposal.

• Use hoods, ducts, and other devices for removing vapors specifically designed to accommodate this kind of fume. There is a severe explosion hazard if a normal hood is used, or if the hood is not properly used and maintained.

• Use goggles and face shields. Wear protective clothing and pol yvinyl chloride gloves. Do not use rubber gloves.

• Additional hazards and precautions are given in References 1, 2, 9, 10 and 11.

Hydrofluoric Acid

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is also used for digestions. It is toxic and extremely corrosive. Hydrofluoric acid will readily burn skin, and if the fumes are inhaled, lung tissue. Burns may not be immediately painful or visible. Contact with eyes could result in blindness.

) is extremely corrosive and a powerful oxidizing agent. It

Before using hydrofluoric acid, you should be thoroughly familiar with its hazards and safe handling practices. Observe the

manufacturer's recommendations for use, storage, and disposal.

Sample Preparation

Warning

• Always wear suitable protective equipment, including goggles, a face shield, acid-resistant gloves, and protective clothing when using hydrofluoric acid.

• Do not breathe HF vapors. Always work in a fume hood when using hydrofluoric acid.

• Do not use a glass beaker. Hydrofluoric acid attacks glass.

• Observe the additional hazards and precautions outlined in References 1, 2, 9, 10 and 11 on page 46.

Performing Digestions

When carrying out sample digestions:

• Always work in a hood suitable for the type(s) of chemicals you are using.

• Add very small quantities of the acid dropwise, while observing the magnitude of the reaction.

• Apply heat to a digestion solution slowly in case a further vigorous reaction is initiated.

• Cool the completed digest before transferring it and diluting it. Add water cautiously.

Digestions at Elevated Pressure

Acid digestions in a pressure digestion apparatus require special care at several points, in addition to the precautions described above.

When using high pressure digestion vessels, consult the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations, particularly regarding organic material and possible explosive reactions.

Never use perchloric acid in a pressure digestion.

• Use only the manufacturer's recommended amounts of sample and acid for the type of sample you are preparing.

• Be sure the apparatus is in good condition and provides safe release of pressure in the case of excess pressure buildup.

Safety Practices

• Cool the apparatus to room temperature before attempting to open it.

• Open the apparatus in a fume hood to vent the entrapped fumes safely.

Fusion Mixtures

Dissolving a sample by reacting with a fusion-flux mixture is generally chosen when other techniques for sample dissolution fail. The fusion-flux mixture should be carefully selected. Knowledge of fusion-flux mixture/crucible compatibility is essential. Heating the sample-flux mixture may initiate a vigorous or explosive reaction.

Caution

The fusion matrix will deposit on and dissolve the quartz torch over time.

It is recommended to use the unslotted (0 slots) torch because the slotted torches will dissolve much faster.

• Heat the mixture slowly and intermittently until the system is characterized.

• If you use a muffle furnace rather than a flame for heating, make a trial using the standard amount of flux but with a smaller amount of sample.

• Most reacted fusion mixtures are dissolved in acidic solutions. Observe the precautions described previously for handling acids.

Decontamination and Cleaning

Before using any cleaning or decontamination methods except those specified by PerkinElmer, users should check with PerkinElmer that the proposed method will not damage the equipment.

Decontamination

Customers wishing to return instrumentation and/or associated materials to PerkinElmer for repair, maintenance, warranty or trade-in purposes are advised that all returned goods must be certified as clean and free from contamination.

The customer's responsible body is required to follow the "Equipment Decontamination Procedure" and complete the "Certificate of Decontamination". These documents are available on the PerkinElmer public website.

http://las.perkinelmer.com/OneSource/decontamination.htm

If you do not have access to the internet and are located in the U.S., call toll free at 1-800-762-4000 or (+1) 203-925-4602, 8:30 a.m. - 7 p.m. EST and speak to Customer Support.

In Canada, call toll free 800-561-4646 and speak to Customer Support.

If you are located outside of the United States or Canada, please call your local PerkinElmer sales office for more information.

Cleaning the Instrument

Exterior surfaces may be cleaned with a soft cloth, dampened with a mild detergent and water solution. Do not use abrasive cleaners or solvents.

Decontamination and Cleaning

Safety Practices

References

1. Furr, K., ed., CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 5th ed., The Chemical Rubber Co. Press, 2000.

2. National Research Council, Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA,

1981.

3. Compressed Gas Association (USA), "Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers," pamphlet no. P-1, 2008.

4. Compressed Gas Association (USA), "The Inert Gases – Argon, Nitrogen and Helium," pamphlet no. P-9, 2008.

5. Data sheets provided by chemical manufacturers, for example:

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), USA;

• DIN-Sicherheitsdatenblätter (genormte Formular DIN-Nr 52900), FRG;

• Product Information Sheets, UK.

6. Horwitz, W., ed., Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA, 2010.

7. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th ed, American Public Health Association et al., USA, 2009.

8. Kingston, H.M. and Jassie, L.B., eds., Introduction to Microwave Sample Preparation, American Chemical Society, USA, 1988.

9. Bretherick, L., Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 7th ed., Butterworth & Co., Ltd., London, UK, 2006.

10. Sax, N., ed., Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 11th ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA, 2004.

11. Bretherick, L., ed., Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 3rd ed., Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1981.

12. Roth, L., ed., Sicherheitsfibel Chemie, 4, Auflage, 1979 ecomed verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 8910 Landsberg/Lech.

Preparing Your

Laboratory

Introduction

The items listed below need to be considered when preparing the laboratory for the Optima 8000:

• Environmental Conditions

• Exhaust Vent Requirements

• Laboratory Space Requirements

• Cooling Water Requirements

• Electrical Requirements

• Pneumatic Requirements

Environmental Conditions

The laboratory in which the Optima 8000 Spectrometer system is located must meet the following conditions:

• corrosive-free environment.

• The instrument will operate with a laboratory temperature between 15 and 35 °C (59 - 95 °F). For optimum instrument performance, the room temperature should be controlled at 20

• The heat dissipated directly into the laboratory when the Optima 8000 is properly vented is approximately 6600 BTU/ho ur (2200 W).

• Relative humidity between 20% and 80%, non-condensing. For optimum instrument performance, the relative humidity should be between 35% and 50%.

• Dust levels not above 36 000 000 particles, 0.5 micron or larger, per cubic meter of air. The environment should be relatively dust-free to avoid sample and instrument contamination problems.

• Free of excessive vibration.

• Altitude: in the range -400 to 2,000 m (sea level to 6,562 feet)

 ± 2 °C.

Preparing Your Laboratory

The Optima 8000 has been designed for indoor use. Do not use the instrument in an area where explosion hazards may exist.

Pollution Degree:

This product will operate safely in environments that contain nonconductive foreign matter up to Pollution Degree 2 in EN/IEC 61010-1.

Preparing Your Laboratory

Warning

Exhaust Vent Requirements

The Optima 8000 requires an exhaust vent to remove combustion fumes and vapors from the torch compartment. Exhaust venting is important for the following reasons:

• It protects laboratory personnel from toxic vapors that may be produced by some samples.

• It improves the stability of the ICP torch by removing the effects of room drafts and laboratory atmosphere.

• It helps to protect the instrument from corrosive vapors that may originate from the sample(s).

• It removes dissipated heat produced from the torch and power supply.

Warning: Toxic fumes

The use of ICP-OES instruments without adequate ventilation to outside air may constitute a health hazard. For exam p l e, the co mb u stio n of halo ge n at ed hydrocarbons produces toxic vapors. Extreme care should be taken that exhaust gases are vented properly.

Note

The maximum temperature for the ICP torch vent system is 200 °C (392 withstand these temperatures, stainless-steel must be used.

ICP torch vent required minimum flow rate is 5600 liters/min (200 cubic feet/min) at the end of the venting hood.

Local electrical codes do not allow PerkinElmer Service Engineers to install the blower and vent assembly.

The blower capacity depends on the duct length and number of elbows or bends used to install the system. If an excessively long duct system or a system with many bends is used, a stronger blower may be necessary to provide sufficient exhaust volume. Alternatively, smooth stainless-steel may be used instead of flexible stainless-steel where flexibility is not required to reduce system friction loss or “drag.” If smooth stainless steel is used, there must be a way to move the vent hood out of the way for servicing. A length of smooth stainless-steel ducting has 20-30% less friction loss

F). To

Preparing Your Laboratory

than a comparable length of flexible ducting. When smooth stainless-steel is used, elbows must be used to turn corners. These elbows should turn at a center line radius of 150 mm with a maximum bend angle of 45 degrees to reduce friction losses, and the number of elbows should be minimized.

Additional recommendations on the venting system include:

• Make sure duct casing is installed using fireproof construction. Route ducts away from sprinkler heads.

• Locate the blower as close to the discharge outlet as possible. All joints on the discharge side should be airtight, especially if toxic vapors are being carried.

• Equip the outlet end of the system with a back draft damp er an d tak e the necessary precautions to keep the exhaust outlet away from open windows or inlet vents and to extend it above the roof of the building for proper dispersal of the exhaust.

• Equip the exhaust end of the system with an exhaust stack to improve the overall efficiency of the system.

• Make sure the length of the duct that enters int o the blower is a straight length at least ten times the duct diameter. An elbow entrance into the blower inlet causes a loss in efficiency.

• Provide make-up air in the same quantity as is exhausted by the system. An "airtight" lab will cause an efficiency loss in the exhaust system.

• Ensure that the system is drawing properly by using an air flow meter.

• Equip the blower with a pilot light located near the instrument to indicate to the operator when the blower is on.

The venting system for the ICP torch should be positioned over the Torch Compartment Chimney located on top of the sample compartment. For proper instrument venting, order PerkinElmer Venting Kit (Part No. 03030447 Kit for 115 V or Part No. 03030448 Kit for 230 V) by contacting your PerkinElmer sales representative. The minimum distance from the top of the instrument’s Torch Compartment Chimney to the bottom of the extraction vent should be 7.5-12.5 cm. (3-5 in.). Gas, water, and air lines of 6 m (20 ft.) are also provided. Figure 2-1 shows the location of the ICP torch exhaust vent.

Preparing Your Laboratory

Figure 2-1 Location of the Torch Compartment Chimney and Vent.

Item Description

1 Recommended Vent

Width: 30.6 cm (12 in.) Depth: 15.3 cm (6 in.) Height: 30.6 cm (12 in.)

2 Torch Compartment Chimney

3 28 cm (11 in.) from the instrument edge to the chimney

center

4 7.5 to 12.5 cm (3 to 5 in.)

Laboratory Space Requirements

The Optima 8000 system includes the Optima 8000 instrument, a PolyScience Recirculating Chiller (or equivalent), a computer, and a printer. The Optima 8000 instrument itself includes optics, electronics, a plasma torch, and an RF power supply, all housed in a self-contained unit. The minimum door width must be 81 cm (32 in.).

Optima 8000 Instrument

The Optima 8000 is 132-cm long (52-in.), 76-cm high (3 0-in.), and 81-cm deep (32in.). The bottom of the vent must be a minimum of 75-cm (3-in.) from the top of the torch compartment chimney. Figure 2-2 illustrates the dimensions of the instrument. The Optima 8000 weighs 146 kg (321 pounds), or 201 kg (442 pounds) with the shipping container.

The Optima 8000 may be placed on a bench. The main power cable length is 2.4 m (8.0 ft.).

To provide access for servicing and space for ventilation, allow at least 61 cm (24 in.) of space between the instrument and the laboratory walls.

Preparing Your Laboratory

Computer and Printer

Refer to the manuals supplied with your computer and printer for dimensions.

Preparing Your Laboratory

Figure 2-2 Outside Dimensions of the Optima 8000 Instrument.

Item Description

1 76 cm (30 in.)

2 81 cm (32 in.)

3 132 cm (52 in.)

PolyScience Chiller

The PolyScience

WhisperCoolTM (or equivalent) is usually located on the floor, to

the right side of the instrument. Its dimensions are 36.5-cm (14.4 in.) wide, 67.3-cm (26.5 in.) deep and 61.0-cm (24 in.) high. It weighs 80 kg (178 lbs.). The Chiller has air intakes and exhausts that need to be unobstructed. The power is 2850 watts. It requires a minimum of 45.7 cm (18 in.) on all sides for adequate ventilation. The coolant hoses restrict the distance that the Chiller can be placed away from the instrument (hose length = 3.6 meters or approximately 12 feet).

If a longer hose distance is required for the chiller location, it may be

Caution

necessary to increase the hose inner diameter to accommodate the specification of no greater than 15 psig at the instrument water outlet. The hose inner diameter should also be sized large en ough to accommodate the specification of 45 to 80 psig at the water inlet. The hose also needs to be insulated sufficiently to maintain a temperature at the instrument water inlet between 15 °C and 25 °C.

Cooling Water Requirements

A water supply is required to dissipate heat from the plasma induction plates and the oscillator.

Recirculating System

A recirculating system (Chiller) must be used. The requirements for the chiller are:

Preparing Your Laboratory

• Cooling Capacity at 20 °C is 2000 watts

Temperature Stability ±1

C Pump Rate 1 US gal/min. at 55 psi max (45 psi min). Coolant: distilled water

A PolyScience Recirculating Chiller meets these requirements and is recommended for the instrument. The PolyScience

WhisperCoolTM chiller is available through

PerkinElmer in the following two configurations:

• 230V, 60 Hz (Part No. N0772046)

• 240V, 50 Hz (Part No. N0772045) For detailed information on PolyScience

WhisperCoolTM chiller electrical

requirements see the following section, Electrical Requirements.

The PolyScience

WhisperCoolTM chiller comes with its own Instruction Manuals.

The headquarters for PolyScience Instruments is located at:

• PolyScience Instruments, Inc. 6600 West Touhy Ave Niles, Il 60714

USA: (800) 229-7569 Worldwide: (847) 647-0611 Fax: (847) 647-1155

Preparing Your Laboratory

Electrical Requirements

Optima 8000

Grounding circuit continuity is vital for safe operation of this instrument. Grounding is accomplished by use of an IEC60309 instrument power plug furnished by the factory and not to be removed during or after installation.

• Optima 8000 requires an AC line voltage of 200 - 230 VAC +/-10% (180 - 253 VAC) 50/60 Hz. +/-1% under full instrument load, that has a correctly wired protective earthing system (ground connection) and a separate circuit breaker. Maximum power consumption is 2800 VA. The line power supply must conform with local safety regulations and be checked by a qualified electrician before you connect the instrument to line power.

• The line power supply should be free of line transients in excess of 50 V peak. If the electrical supply voltage produces large AC line voltage fluctuations, a qualified electrician should install a voltage regulator between the electrical outlet and the instrument.

• The Optima 8000 instrument is supplied with a 2.5 m (98 in.) line power cord that supplies both the spectrometer and the RF Generator. The line power supply point must be within 2.5 meters of the rear of the spectrometer.

• Connect the spectrometer, computer, printer, and any accessories to the same phase of the line power supply and the same protective earth.

Note

PerkinElmer instruments will normally operate wi th in ± 10% of the specified voltage and within unstable, fluctuates in frequency or is subject to surges, additional control of the incoming power by the user may be required. The Optima 8000 must not have a Ground Fault Circuit Interruptor (GFCI) protected outlet. The instrument will trip the interruptor if this type of outlet protection is used.

 1% of the specified frequency, unless otherwise noted. If th e power line is

The Optima 8000 is equipped with an IEC60309 250 V 16/20A 2 pole plus protective earth plug (PerkinElmer Part No. 09997530) that inserts i nto an equivalent IEC60309 series receptacle (Perkin Elmer part number 09290304 or 09290305

Preparing Your Laboratory

surface mount version) both of which are contained in the N0770425 conduit box kit that ships with the instrument.

As an alternative you can use the following receptacle part numbers which can be directly ordered from Hubble. For the US/Canada (20A service) use PerkinElmer Part Number 09997529 Hubble Part No. C320R6SVL or C320R6W. For Europe (16A service) use Hubble Part No. C316R6S. Also, Conduit Box-Cast Device Back Box Hubble Part No. SP 20301 is available for the above Hubble versions.

Computer and Printer

Refer to the guides supplied with your computer and printer for electrical requirements. The computer and printer must share a common earth ground with the Optima 8000.

PolyScience Chiller

The specific electrical requirements for the PolyScience

WhisperCoolTM Chiller are printed on a serial number label located on the back of the unit. The voltage of the power source must meet the specified voltage

10%. In addition, an adequate

ground connection must be provided. For 60 Hz installations, the PolyScience 6106PE V, 60 Hz, 15A unit is supplied

with a 15-ampere, 250-volt Hubbell #4570-C Twist-Lock power plug (NEMA L615P configuration). A Hubbell #4560 or equivalent receptacle (NEMA L6 -15R configuration) is also required, and is supplied with the instrument.

(NEMA: The National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association)

For 50 Hz installations, to accommodate most countries, the PolyScience 220/240 V, 50 Hz, 15A unit is supplied with two detachable line cords.

Preparing Your Laboratory

Pneumatic Requirements

Argon

Liquid or gaseous argon can be used with the Optima 8000 system. The use of liquid or gaseous argon tanks is determined primarily by the usage rate. Liquid argon is usually less expensive per unit volume to purchase, but cannot be stored for extended periods. If liquid argon is used, the tank should be fitted with an over-pressure regulator for safety reasons. The over-pressure regulator vents the tank as necessary to keep the argon cool enough to remain in its liquid state, thus preventing the cylinder from exploding due to pressure build-up. A tank of liquid argon containing 160 liters will typically last for 80 hours of continuous running time.

Gaseous argon tanks do not require venting and consequently can be stored for longer periods without loss. A tank of gaseous argon will last 5 to 6 hours of running time. The normal argon usage is 9-20 liters/min. with a maximum of 25 liters/min (0.04 - 1.0 cu. ft/min). The argon flow for the system (including the ICP) may vary between 1 and 25 L/min.

Caution Gas delivery lines from th e argon tank should be contaminant-free and

not made of plastic. Teflon delivery lines are acceptable.

Available argon pressure should be between 550 to 825 kPa (5.5 to 8.25 bar or 80 to 120 psig ).

Argon can be purchased from local suppliers. The argon for use with ICP systems should be 99.996% pure.

Purge Gas

Nitrogen or argon can be used to purge the Optima 8000 spectrometer optics. The purge gas high flow is 5 L/min. The low gas flow is 1.0 L/min.

Caution Gas delivery lines from the purge gas tank should be contaminant-free and not

made of plastic. Teflon delivery lines are acceptable.

The available pressure should be between 275 and 825 kPa (2.75 to 8.25 bar or 40 to 120 psig).

The purge gas should be 99.999% pure and is available from local suppliers.

Shear Gas

Regulator

Preparing Your Laboratory

Air or nitrogen can be used to shear the plasma for the Optima 8000. The Optima 8000 RF generator typically consumes the shear gas at a rate of 25 L/min.

The flow rate should be approximately 25 L/min (1.0 cu. ft/min).

Available pressure should be between 550 and 825 (5.5 to 8.25 bar or 80 to 1 20 psig).

A pressure regulator for use with either argon or nitrogen is available from PerkinElmer as Part No. 0303-0284. To connect the regulator to the instrument gas controls, use the 1/4-in. Swagelok connector. The gas tube provided has 1/4-in. Swagelock fittings.

Preparing Your Laboratory

System Description

Introduction

The Optima 8000 instrument consists of three major components: the spectrometer, the ICP Source and the sample introduction system. Each component is further divided into the different modules described below. This modular system design facilitates system access, testing and servicing.

NOTE: All illustrations in this guide are based on the Optima 8000 instrument.

The spectrometer for the Optima 8000 consists of the following modules:

The ICP source for the Optima 8000 consists of three modules:

System Description

• Optics module

• Spectrometer electronics module

• Spectrometer pneumatics module

• RF generator module

• High voltage power supply module

• Plasma pneumatics module

The sample introduction system for the 8000 which comprises:

• A Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module

• Spray chamber and nebulizer

• Peristaltic pump for the sample and drain.

The Optima 8000 has a number of software and firmware enhancements.

System Description

Figure 3-1. The Optima 8000.

Item Description

1 Sample Introduction Compartment with the Quick Change

Adjustable Torch Module (inside)

2 Peristaltic Pump

3 Torch Compartment

4 Spectrometer

Spectrometer

Introduction

The core of the optical system comprises a dual Echelle monochromator with a dual, backside-illuminated, cooled, CCD detector. The system is specifically designed for ICP-OES. Computer controlled transfer optics direct the radiation from the plasma into the monochromator. The optics housing is sealed and continuously purged with high purity nitrogen.

Signals at the required analytical wavelengths are measured using a scanning CCD (charged coupled device) based technology, with simultaneous measurement of the background emission and a neon spectrum for active wavelength correction.

Transfer Optics

The computer controlled transfer optics are used to select either radial or axial viewing of the plasma and to direct the radiation from the plasma onto the entrance slit of the monochromator. The exact viewing position, horizontal and vertical position, can be selected in the software.

System Description

An automatic shutter closes between measurement cycles to reduce the exposure of the optics to excess UV radiation.

System Description

Figure 3-2 Schematic diagram of the optical system.

Item Description

1 Radial View

2 Transfer Optics Mirrors

3 Echelle Grating

System Description

Item Description

4 Detector

5 Parabolic Collimators

6 Prism (internally reflective face)

7 Entrance Slit

8 Intermediate Slit (This is where the neon reference beam enters)

9Torch

10 Axial View

11 Transfer Optics Mirrors

12 Echelle Grating

13 Detector

14 Parabolic Collimators

15 Prism (i internally reflective face)

16 Entrance Slit

17 Intermediate Slit (This is where the neon reference beam enters)

18 This mirror moves out of the optical path for Axial viewing.

19 Torch

Monochromator

In the dual echelle monochromator, the prism monochromator acts as a preselection system to select the required wavelength range to pass on to the echelle monochromator. Optimally positioned slits and baffles result in very low stray light levels reaching the echelle monochromator. The prism and echelle dispersion systems use Littrow configurations, designed to eliminate astigmatism, with identical, 300 mm focal length, 10° off-axis, parabolic, collimating and focusing mirrors.

The echelle grating has 79 lines/mm with a blaze angle of 63.4°. The grating is used in the higher orders, where the high efficiency and high dispersion allow a relatively short focal length resulting in a compact optical system.

System Description

Wavelength selection is achieved by simultaneous rotation of the prism and grating. Since the maximum rotation required for either element is not more than ± 2°, the average wavelength selection time is less than 2 seconds. To further optimize the analysis time, the wavelengths required are sorted to minimize the change-over time between any two consecutive wavele ngths.

The dual monochromator system enables relatively high slits to be used with no loss of image quality, which contributes to the high optical throughput. In addition, part of the slit height is used for the simultaneous measurement of a neon reference spectrum for wavelength correction.

Two slit width settings are available, optimized for UV and visible wavelengths. The system automatically selects the correct slit for each analytical measurement.

System Description

Figure 3-3 Monochromator

Item Description

1 Echelle Grating

2 Detector

3 Intermediate Slit

4 Fiber optic for the neon reference beam.

5 Entrance Slit

6Prism

Detector

The detector is a two-dimensional CCD device containing approximately 25,600 pixels. The photosensitive area is separated into two differently sized arrays that are used for separate reference and analytical measurements. The analytical signal is measured in the larger, lower array.

System Description

The rear of the actual detector area is thinned to a few micrometers to allow illumination from the rear. This prevents the absorption of radiation by components other than the detector pixels and maximizes the quantum efficiency without the use of a fluorescent coating.

Figure 3-4 Detector

Item Description

1Output

2 Register for the reference measurement.

32 mm

4CCD Array

5 3.5 mm

System Description

Item Description

6 CCD Array

7Output

8 Register for the reference measurement.

93 mm

At 240 nm the array covers a wavelength range of approximately 0.52 nm, and at 850 nm, approximately 25 nm. Thus the emission line for the analyte of interest and emission on each side of the analytical line fall simultaneously on the array. This allows simultaneous measurement of the analyte and background signals.

To improve performance and reduce noise levels, the CCD detector is cooled between –7 and –8 °C with an integrated Peltier cooler. The entire CCD is hermetically sealed and the housing filled with dry nitrogen.

How the CCD works

Photons of radiation from the analyte emission strike the photosensitive area of the detector where photoelectrons are produced in each pixel of the detector. The electrons are moved into the register where they accumulate as electric charge. The charge is allowed to accumulate for the period selected for the integration time. At the end of the integration time, the charge is transferred out of the register to the signal processing electronics. The pixels in each vertical row are binned into the register for the respective array. This use of an effective pixel length of 3 mm results in the low noise performance typical of CCD devices.

System Description

Figure 3-5 Storage of photoelectrons during integration.

Item Description

1Photons

2 Photosensitive Register

3Register

Wavelength Correction

The optical system uses a two-component, active wavelength stabilizing system. The overall stability is controlled by temperature and pressure sensors in the optics housing.

Any residual deviations are compensated for by measuring a neon reference spectrum simultaneously with each measurement of an analytical emission line. The output from a neon discharge lamp is collected by an optical fi ber and projected onto the top half of the intermediate slit in the monochromator, which is the entrance to the echelle monochromator. The neon spectrum passes through the echelle system with the analytical radiation and illuminates the top array of the detector. The neon spectrum acts as a wavelength scale to enable active wavelength correction.

ICP Source

RF Generator

The Optima 8000 uses a 40-MHz free-running solid state RF generator. The RF power from the solid state oscillator is used to ionize the argon in the torch and excite the atoms of the liquid sample so that they emit energy at their atomic wavelength in the form of photons. The photons from the torch are detected optically and measured electronically in the spectrometer section of the Optima 8000. It is displayed in terms of wavelength and intensity, which are converted to sample concentration.

The RF generator provides a power output of 750 to 1500 watts. The power output levels are computer-controlled and may be adjusted in one-watt steps for different sample matrices.

The RF generator is designed with RF Power Control (RFPC), using a power control loop which maintains the plasma setting regardless of line voltage fluctuations and changes in the plasma.

System Description

5 6

Figure 3-6 Block diagram illustrating the RF Power Control (RFPC)

Item Description

1AC Power Input

2 40 MHz RF Power Generator

3 RF Power to Plasma Induction Plates

4Plasma

5 Control Feedback Signal

Item Description

6 Power Measurement Signal

7 RF Power Control Loop

8 Microprocessor

RF Control Electronics

The RF generator uses solid-state circuits. The solid state RF generator is designed to significantly increase reliability and reduce the need for recalibration.

The RF generator also monitors plasma conditions. If the plasma is unstable, the system automatically shuts it off.

To ensure operator safety and to protect the instrument from damage, the system includes extensive use of RF shielding and safety interlocks. Proper RF shielding and filtering are provided so that the system complies with regulations regarding radio frequency radiation.

System Description

Sample Introduction System

Sample and Torch Compartments

The sample compartment has a side door to provide easy access to the sample introduction module. The torch compartment door has a window so that the operator can safely view the plasma, and has safety interlocks that shut down the plasma if the door is opened during operation. The torch compartment has extensive shielding to prevent exposure to radio frequency radiation.

Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module

The Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module is the quartz torch, injector, spray chamber, and nebulizer/end cap – all in one assembly. This module can be quickly removed from the sample compartment. This adjustable mount allows the torch an adjustment of up to 8 mm.

In addition, adapters are available for special applications, such as the use of an ultrasonic nebulizer or an external spray chamber.

System Description

Torch

The torch has a standard alumina injector with a 2.0 mm inner diameter. Other injectors available include alumina injectors in different sizes for optimum sample flow rate, and quartz injectors for different sample types.

Spray Chamber

Depending on the instrument configuration ordered the instrument may include a Scott-type spray chamber or GemTip Cross-Flow pneumatic nebulizer and a cyclonic spray chamber. Other combinations are also be available. A Ryton, doublepass Scott-type spray chamber and the GemTip Cross-Flow pneumatic nebulizer are one of the standard configurations. This rugged combination provides the best results for a variety of elements and sample types.

Nebulizers

PerkinElmer offers these nebulizers for a wide variety of applications:

Description/Part No. Uses/Advantages

GemTip Cross-Flow Nebulizer end cap N0770546

GemCone (Conespray) Nebulizer High Solids: N0690670 Low Flow: N0690671

Concentric Glass Nebulizer (MEINHARD)

MEINHARD Type A 00472020

Good general purpose nebulizer for the analysis of strong mineral acids (including HF) and samples with less than 5% diss ol ved solids. Uses GemTips made of sapphire and ruby in a Ryton end cap for maximum chemical resistance.

High Solids GemCone is for samples with high dissolved solids (up to 20%). Low Flow GemCone permits lower nebulizer gas flow rates, useful for spectral lines with high excitation energies and for providing a more robust plasma. GemCone nebulizers require an end cap (Part No. N0680343) for use with the Scott spray chambers.

Provides excellent sensitivity and precision for aqueous solutions and samples with few dissolved solids (less than 1%). Self-aspirating. Not to be used with solutions containing hydrofluoric acid. PerkinElmer offers three types, Meinhard A, C, and K, which are described below. All require an end cap (Part No. N0680343) for use with the Scott spray chambers. The MEINHARD nebulizer will aspirate liquid sample naturally. The nebulizer may also be operated with externally pumped sample, provided that the sample flow is not significantly below the natural aspiration rate.

General purpose Meinhard nebulizer.

System Description

MEINHARD Ty pe C 00472022

MEINHARD Ty pe K N0681574

U-6000AT

Ultrasonic Nebulizer N0691709 (115 V) N0691710 (230 V)

Mira Mist Nebulizer N0775330

Used for samples containing high dissolved solids (up to 20%).

Optimized for samples that require reduced nebulizer gas flow rates, such as organic-based samples.

For samples with low analyte and low matrix concentrations. Typically improves detection limits by a factor of 10 over conventional pneumatic nebulizers.

The Mira Mist Nebulizer is recommended for aqueous solutions. Organics will wet the nebulizer tip and performance will deteriorate.

Figure 3-7 GemTip Cross-Flow nebulizer and end cap N0680503 (also shown in

cross-sectional view).

System Description

Figure 3-8 GemCone nebulizer and end cap N0680343 (also shown in cross-sec-

tional view).

System Description

Figure 3-9 Concentric glass nebulizer and end cap N0680343 (also shown in

cross-sectional view).

Nebulizer Heater (optional)

The nebulizer heater allows you to set the temperature of the spray chamber enclosure to provide a constant temperature for the spray chamber. The nebulizer heater ensures maximum long-term stability even as room temperature varies.

The use of the nebulizer heater also ensures that the sample aerosol is uniformly maintained with respect to temperature and aerosol droplet size. The heater can be used with the cyclonic and the Scott-type spray chamber. The nebulizer heater temperature can be controlled via the software and the spray chamber door must be closed for the heater to work properly. The heater should always be on for inorganic analyses.

For organic, high solids or salt analyses the spray chamber should be as cool as possible, therefore we recommend that you do not use the heater to achieve the best performance. We also recommend that you leave the sample compartment door open when running organic analyses. Also do not use the nebulizer heater when using an ultrasonic nebulizer.

System Description

Peristaltic Pump

The peristaltic pump is fully computer-controlled. As an added feature, the pump speed can be programmed to run at a fast speed for the read or rinse cycle. The TubingSaver mode is a feature for extending the life span of pump tubing.

Autosampler

PerkinElmer offers autosamplers for automated sample handling. These autosamplers consist of a sample table, a sample tray, and a motorized sampling arm with an attached probe. Different sample trays are available for each autosampler, covering a variety of sample volume and total sample capacity requirements. All sample trays have one location for a 150-mL wash vessel.

Switches and Controls

Main On/Off Switch

The Main Instrument switch is used to turn on the spectrometer (and is normally left on). Once the plasma has been ignited, you should wait one half hour for the system to stabilize before running samples.

Interlocks

Interlocks are designed to ensure operator safety and protect the instrument from damage. The main system interlocks are described below.

The following interlocks must be satisfied in order to ignite the plasma. If any of these interlocks is interrupted while the plasma is on, the plasma will automatically be shut down. Before you can ignite the plasma:

• The torch compartment door must be closed;

• the Emergency Off (EMO) switch on front of instrument must be released;

• the argon pressure for the torch must be correct;

• the cooling water must be flowing to the plasma induction plates and oscillator;

• the torch must be installed;

• the shear gas pressure must be correct.

EMO Switch

System Description

The EMO switch, Emergency Off Switch, is the illuminated red switch on the front of the instrument. If it is blinking slowly the instrument is in the middle of an ignition cycle.It blinks rapidly after the Emergency Off Switch is depressed. This is an indication that the switch has been depressed and to remind you to push the switch again to release it. This switch shuts off the plasma in an emergency by disconnecting the main voltage circuitry in the RF generator. To restart, you must release the switch by pressing the switch again. Reset the RF generator using the software Reset button. (The spectrometer stays on.)

Item Description

Software Controls

Figure 3-10 Location of Red Emergency Plasma Off Switch.

1 Emergency Off Switch

Many of the hardware settings are controlled by the software.

• RF Power: Power levels can be adjusted in 1-watt increments.

• Plasma and auxiliary argon flow rates: Flow rates can be automated during the analysis with specific flow rates for each element if desired. Plasma argon is adjustable in 1 L/min increments. Auxiliary argon is adjustable in 0.1 L/min increments.

System Description

• Nebulizer argon flow rate: The flow rate is automatically controlled using a

• Pump rate: By specifying the desired flow rate (adjustable in 0.1 mL/min

• Nitrogen purge rate: A high or normal flow rate can be specified.

• Dark current measurement: A shutter under software-control can be closed to

• TubingSaver: A feature for extending the life span of pump tubing for the

• The area of the plasma viewed by the optical system can be adjusted horizontally

mass flow controller in 0.01 L/min increments.

increments) and the tubing diameter, the software calculates the pump speed.

block light from the plasma from reaching the detector in order to measure dark current.

peristaltic pump.

and vertically using a computer-controlled moveable transfer optic. The software also has a built-in optimization function for plasma viewing.

System Description

Connections to Electrical, Gas, and Cooling Water Supplies

See the following figure.

Marking Function

O I

IEEE 488.2

Air / N

Shear Gas

Ar H2O IN

(Red Tie) H2O OUT

(White Tie)

Main power switch. Connections for remote control of accessories. Do not exceed the stated

voltage and current: Umax = 30 V AC, Imax = 0.5 A AC Umax = 30 V DC, Imax= 2 A DC

IEEE-488 cable 0999-1355 to connect instrument to the computer. Line power cord, permanently attached with an IEC 309 connector. Connect

to 200-240 VAC, 15 A, IEC-309 line power outlet. Purge gas inlet for nitrogen (or argon). Use hose N0 69 27 5 Shear gas inlet for air or nitrogen. Use Air hose N0770348

included with Air Dryer Filter and regulator assembly. Argon inlet for torch. Use Argon hose N0690274. Cooling water inlet. Use hose N0770341 from the Chiller.

Cooling water outlet. Use hose N0770342 to the Chiller.

System Description

11 12

Figure 3-11 Electrical, gas, and cooling water connections on the sp ec trome te r

side of the instrument.

Item Description

1 Gas Connections

2 Ar Supply

3 Shear Gas Supply

Item Description

System Description

5 Coolant IN

6 Coolant OUT

7 IEEE Computer Connection

8 Terminal strip (Part No. 09987900) for chiller remote operation

9Power Switch

10 Instrument to 200-240 VAC, 16 AMP, IEC-309 Outlet

11 White Tie Wrap (Part No. N0770342)

12 Red Tie Wrap (Part No. N0770341)

13 Chiller

Supply

System Initialization

When you switch on the spectrometer:

1. The Peltier cooling system for the detector starts to cool the detector.

2. The system sets up all the motors for the optics at the default positions for the axial viewing mode.

3. The system has been continuously monitoring the detector temperature. When the temperature is stable at about -8 °C, the system continues with the initialization.

4. The system performs a dark current measurement; this takes about 30 seconds.

5. The system switches on the neon reference lamp and measures the intensity. If the energy is too low, the system displays an error message. When the measured intensity is above the lower limit, the system is ready for use.

The spectrometer initialization is completed when the spectrometer sends a "system ready" message to the computer and can be viewed under the diagnostics spectrometer window. Once the plasma has been ignited, you should wait one half hour for the system to stabilize before running samples..

System Description

Technical Data

General

Principle

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Computer controlled, using a special application program running under a graphical user interface.

Power requirements

Electrical protection

Safety standards

EMC standards

Environmental requirements

200 to 240 V AC ~, 50/60 Hz Power consumption 2800 VA (maximum)

Insulation: Class I Pollution degree: 2

See the Declaration of Conformity.

Recommended temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C (59 °F to 95 °F) 20–80% relative humidity; non-condensing Altitude in the range 0 m to 2,000 m.

Dimensions

Width: 1320 mm, (52 inches) Height: 760 mm, (30 inches) Depth: 810 mm, (32 inches)

Mass (weight)

141 kg, (310 lb.) Spectrometer alone, not including the computer, autosampler, and chiller.

ICP Plasma Generator System

Frequency: 40 MHz, free-running Output Power Stability: <0.1% Power Output: 750 to 1500 watts, computer-controllable in 1 watt increments. RF

generator is located in the left side of the instrument for efficient use of laboratory space.

RF Shielding: Meets all FCC certification requirements for RF emissions. Plasma Induction Plates

Cooling Water: System requires a flow of 1 gal/min at 310 to 550 kPa at a

temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C. A recirculating cooling system is required (PolyScience

Automatic Ignition: Plasma ignition is computer controlled and totally automated. The plasma can be turned on at a set time, warming up the system prior to an analysis, and can be turned off automatically after an analysis.

Safety Interlocks: System checks water flow, shear gas flow, argon pressures, emergency plasma off switch, torch compartment door interlocks, torch installed and plasma stability. The status of these interlocks is constantly monitored and text information is displayed on the computer screen. If any interlock is interrupted, the plasma is shut down automatically.

Gas Flow Controls

Plasma Argon Flow: Closed-loop flow control using a proportional valve and a measured pressure across a known resistor. Computer-controlled to regulate the flow automatically within the range of 0 to 20.0 liter/minute in 1.0 liter/minute increments.The flow system is interlocked to prevent ignition without plasma gas flowing.

System Description

WhisperCoolTM chiller or equivalent is recommended).

Auxiliary Argon Flow: Closed-loop flow control using a proportional valve and a measured pressure across a known resistor. Computer-controlled to regulate the flow automatically within the range of 0 to 2.0 liter/minute in 0.1 liter/minute increments.

Nebulizer Argon Flow: Computer-controlled, using a mass flow controller, and is variable between 0 and 2.00 liter/minute in 0.01 liter/minute increments.

Shear Gas: A compressed-air shear gas (18-20 liters/minute) is used to push the plasma plume out of the optical path, minimizing the impact of self-absorption in the cooler plasma plume.

Sample Introduction System

Torch: Demountable design using one-piece quartz tubing for plasma and auxiliary gas flow. The standard torch is supplied with a 2.0-mm alumina in jector for full corrosion resistance to all acids, including hydrofluoric and aqua regia. A 0.8-mm injector is available as an option for analysis of very volatile organic solutions. As options, 3.0-mm, 1.6-mm and 1.2-mm quartz injectors are available.

System Description

Spray Chamber: Scott-type designed to minimize pulsations from the peristaltic pump and constructed of Ryton for complete corrosion resistance to most acids, including HF, and all organic solvents normally used in ICP analyses.

Nebulizer: Cross-flow design with chemically resistant GemTips manufactured from corrosion-resistant (sapphire tips in a PEEK body) material. The system can routinely handle 50% (v/v) solutions of HCl, HNO

and 30% (v/v) NaOH. Up to 20% NaCl can be aspirated by the nebulizer for 1 hour without clogging. The system is fully compatible for use with other nebulizers such as ultrasonics, concentrics (MEINHARD) and GemCone types.

Peristaltic Pump: A three-channel, variable speed, computer-controlled pump. Speed is variable from 0.2 to 5 mL/minute in 0.1 mL/minute increments using 0.76 mm (0.030 inch) tubing.

Torch Mount: In Quick-Change Torch Module both horizontal and vertical viewing of the plasma are optimized by computer-controlled movement of the first transfer mirror.

User Plasma Viewing: The full plasma is viewed through a UV-blocking, lowtransmittance window located in the sample compartment door.

, H2SO4, H3PO4, 20% (v/v) HF

Optical System

Monochromator: Wavelength range: 165 nm – 800 nm. High throughput, f/6, dual echelle monochromator. Echelle grating: 79 line/mm, blaze angle: 63.8 °. Dispersing prism: 30 ° quartz. Spectral bandpass: 0.009 nm at 200 nm, 0.027 nm at 700 nm.

Transfer Optics: Computer-controlled toroidal mirrors. Adjustable viewing position: ± 15mm along the plasma; ± 10 mm across the plasma.

Detector: Dual, backside-illuminated, cooled, CCD detector. Cooling to between 7 and -8 °C with integrated Peltier cooler. Detector area: approximately 3 x 5 mm split into a reference and an analyte array with separate read-out registers. Reference array: 64 x 192 pixels of 18 x 32 m. Analyte array: 64 x 192 pixels of 18 x 56 m. Read-out noise: 30 electrons. Dark current: 150 electrons/pixel/second. Read-out time: 64 s. Full well capacity: 1.1 million electrons. Charge transfer efficiency:

0.99995. Wavelength correction: Temperature and pressure sensors for the optics housing.

Spectrum from a neon discharge lamp is collected with each analytical wavelength measurement and acts as a wavelength scale to enable active wavelength correction.

Installation

Installation Summary

Contact a PerkinElmer service engineer for assistance in installing or evaluating the system after moving. The Optima 8000 weighs 141 kg (310

pounds), or approx. 200 kg (440 pounds) with the shipping container. If the instrument needs to be moved please contact PerkinElmer Service.

A PerkinElmer service engineer should install your system for the first time or help you in moving the system. This chapter is provided for your reference should you need information on moving the system, or reinstalling accessories. In conjunction with this material, be sure to consult the Safety Practices chapter beginning on page

27and Preparing Your Laboratory chapter beginning on page 47. The following

sections are included in this chapter:

The installation of the system is divided into the following steps:

• Moving the Instrument

• Connecting the Gases and Cooling Water

Installation

• Connecting the System Components

• Installing the Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module

• Installing and Setting Up the Autosampler

• Setting the Torch Viewing Position

• Switching on the System

• Setting Instrument Parameters

Installation

Setting Up the Computer and Printer

To install the ICP WinLab software, computer, and printer, refer to Winlab32 Software Installation and Administration Guide (Part No. 09936397).

Moving the Instrument

Caution

f moving the Optima 8000 will subject the instrument to any freezing temperatures

you must contact a PerkinElmer service engineer to assist you in the move. The PerkinElmer service engineer will flush all traces of cooling water from the RF generator to prevent freezing of RF generator components.

If you must move the instrument any great distance, especially if the instrument may be subject to vibration or jolts contact a PerkinElmer service engineer to assist you in moving your system.

If you are only moving the instrument within the lab or to a laboratory nearby you may use the following procedure.

• Remove the Quick-Change Torch module.

• Remove the chiller.

• Remove any accessories, for example an autosampler.

• Disconnect all gas and water lines.

• Remove the computer and printer.

• Attach the handles.

• Lift the instrument onto a movable table or put it in the wooden platform originally shipped with the instrument. See the Unpacking Instructions (Part No. 09931013).

• Lift into position at the new location. Make sure that the new location complies with the laboratory requirements; see Laboratory Space Requirements on page 53.

• Remove the handles.

• At the new location reconnect the Quick-Change Torch module, the chiller, any accessories, gas and water lines, the computer and the printer; see the

procedures later in this chapter Installing the Quick-Change Adjustable Torch Module on page 107.

Connecting the Gases and Cooling Water

After the instrument has been moved into its position, it can be connected to the various services in the laboratory.

Connecting the Gases

Installation

Note

Caution The pneumatic tubing kinks easily. Install it so that it is less likely to twist, fold and

All gas hose connections use 1/4 inch Swagelok fittings.

Use two wrenches when making Swagelok connections. Use a space collar (Part No. 09920125, supplied in the hose kit) at each Swagelok connection. Tighten the Swagelok nut until you can no longer turn the knurled space collar. Only if you cannot locate a space collar, tighten the nut until it is finger-tight, then turn it an additional 1/4 turn with a wrench. Pre-swaged fittings should be turned 1/8 turn past finger-tight. Do not over-tighten fittings. Check for leaks with all the connections made.

kink.

Connect the gases to the instrument as described in the following procedures.

Connecting the Nitrogen Supply

1. Connect the instrument to the nitrogen supply using the nitrogen hose (Part No. N0690275, uses 1/4-in. Swagelok fitting) using a 1/4-in. space collar (Part No.

09920125) on both ends of the tubing. Refer to Figure 4-1.

2. Set the nitrogen supply regulator between 275 kPa and 825 kPa (2.75 to 8.2 5 bar or 40-120 psig).

3. Check for leaks using a proprietary leak testing fluid for high purity gas lines.

Installation

2 3

654

Figure 4-1. Pneumatic, water and shear gas connections.

Item Description

1 Air Supply

2Air/ N

4 Out (water Hose with White Tie Wrap)

5 Cooling Water

6 In (Water Hose with Red Tie Wrap)

7 Cooling minimum pressure no maximum

Shear Gas and RF Cooling Gas Supply

Supply

Installation

Connecting the Argon Supply

Use the following procedure to connect the argon supply.

Caution Gas delivery lines from the argon tank must be contaminant-free and not made of

plastic, although PTFE lines are acceptable.

1. Connect the instrument to the argon supply using the argon hose (Part No. N0690274, uses a 1/4-in. Swagelok fitting) using a 1/4-in. space collar (Part No.

09920125) on both ends of the tubing.

2. Set the argon supply regulator between 550 kPa and 825 k Pa (5.5 to 8.25 b ar or 80-120 psig).

3. Check for leaks using a proprietary leak testing fluid for high purity gas lines.

Connecting the Shear Gas Supply

The shear gas used is typically compressed air; however, nitrogen may also be used. The shear gas must be clean and dry, so the instrument includes an air dryer filter assembly (Part No. N0775325) and is included in the Installation kit (Part No. N0770432). For more information on the requirements for the shear gas supply, refer to Pneumatic Requirements on page 58.

Note

An air hose (Part No. N0770348) with 1/4-in. Swagelok fittings at each end, is supplied in the hose kit that is shipped with the instrument. A second air hose is also included. The following procedure describes how to connect the PerkinElmer air compressor, filter and regulator.

All If you are using house air, it must be clean and dry. The instrument includes an air dryer assembly (Part No. N0775325). Refer to Connecting the Shear Gas Supply later in this chapter.

1. Install the Air Dryer Filter as described in the instructions that are included with the filter.

2. Locate the air hose (Part No. N0770348, uses 1/4-in. Swagelok fittings at each end). Connect the air hose from the air compressor to the AIR IN fitting on the

Installation

Warning

Air Dryer Filter using a 1/4-in. space collar at both ends. Make sure the air flow is in the proper direction, as indicated by arrows on top of the filters.

3. Locate the second air hose (Part No. N0770348, uses 1/4-in. Swagelok fittings at each end) that is shipped with the instrument in the hose kit. Connect the air hose from the AIR OUT fitting on the Air Dryer Filter using a 1/4-in. space collar at both ends.

Setting the Shear Gas Pressure

Do not set the air compressor pressure higher than 690 kPa (100 psig). The maximum pressure and temperature that the filter bowls can withstand is 1035 kPa (150 psig) at 50 °C (125 °F). At a higher pressure, the filter bowls can be blown off and cause injury.

The following procedure describes how to set the shear gas pressure when using the PerkinElmer Air Dryer Filter.

1. Make sure the shut-off valve on the Air Dryer Filter is closed (knob turned fully clockwise), then set the air pressure on the air compressor to between 550 kPa and 825 kPa (5.5 to 8.25 bar or 80-120 psig).

2. Check that the metal covers are in position on the filter bowls and the filter bowl holding rings are properly locked.

Before opening the shut-off valve, always check to make sure the filter bowls are properly secured. Injury can result if the bo wls ar e blo wn off.

3. Open the shut-off valve fully (turn counterclockwise). Partial opening may defeat the action of the water separator portion of the system.

4. Close the shut-off valve fully (knob turned fully clockwise), then set the air pressure on the air compressor to between 550 kPa (5.5 bar and 80 psig) and 8 25 kPA (8.25 bar and 120 psig).

5. Connect the air hose from the Air Dryer Filter to the SHEAR GAS SUPPLY fitting on the side of the spectrometer.

6. Open the shut-off valve fully (turn counterclockwise).

Connecting the PolyScience Chiller

The PolyScience® WhisperCoolTM Chiller must be used to supply cooling water to the instrument. The PolyScience

instruction manual. You should be familiar with this manual before proceeding.

WhisperCoolTM Chiller comes with a complete

Installation

Note

A qualified electrician must install the single wall receptacle for the PolyScience® WhisperCoolTM chiller.

The PolyScience

WhisperCoolTM is available through PerkinElmer in the

following two configurations:

208/230V, 60 Hz 220/240V, 50 Hz

Connecting the Chiller to the Instrument

Teflon tape (PTFE tape) should be used for all pipe-thread (NPT) fittings.

Use of Teflon tape can prevent leaks.

Connect the instrument to the chiller inlet using coolant drain hose. The direction of the flow through the system can be controlled by the way the hoses are connected to the chiller. The "INLET" port will draw liquid into the chiller; the “OUTLET" port will pump liquid out. See the following figure for the location of the cables.

1. Locate the instrument return/Output coolant line (Part No. N0770342 and connect to the chiller "INLET" fitting. The instrument water outputs have a fitting and tubing to connect them to the return or drain. Use 3/8-in. space collars (Part No. 09920584) at the instrument. The following figure shows the water supply connections at the instrument.

2. Locate the instrument Input coolant lines (Part No. N0770341, uses 3/8-in Swagelock fittings) and connect to the chiller “OUTLET” fitting. Use a 3/8-in. space collars (Part No. 09920584) at the instrument. The following figure shows the chiller connections. Figure 4-3 on page 101shows the water supply connections at the instrument.

3. Make sure that the hoses and fittings are tight and that there are no bends or crimps in the hoses.

Installation

Remote Chiller Connections

The chiller can be turned on or off via the software. Your service engineer will connect the remote cable (Part No. N0770175) from the chiller to the Optima 8000 so that the chiller can be operated remotely. See the following figure for the location of the cable connections.

Installation

Figure 4-2 Remote chiller connections.

Item Description

1 Terminal Strip Part No. 09987900 (For Chiller Remote)

2 Coolant Out

3 3/8 in. Space Collars (Part No. 09920584)

4 Remote Cable (Part No. N0770175)

Installation

Item Description

5 Coolant Drain Hose (Part No. N0770342) White Tie Wrap

6 From Optima Out

7Coolant In

8To Optima In

9 Coolant Supply Hose (Part No. N0770341) Red Tie Wrap

10 Line Cord Plug

11 Chiller

Remote Chiller Operations

The remote chiller will automatically be on when the Optima 8000 Spectrometer is warming up. The warming up period includes just being turned on, coming out of Sleep mode or Standby mode.

If the instrument has just been turned on, starting WinLab32 will automatically begin warm up. Initiating WinLab 32 will have no effect on the chiller if the chiller is already on.

100

Note

If the Optima 8000 Spectrometer is in Sleep or Standby mode and the instrument is still ignited, the chiller will remain on. If the instrument is not ignited in Sleep or Standby mode the chiller will turn itself off.

The plasma should never be ignited if the chiller is off.

Installation

Figure 4-3 Water flow diagram with the chiller

Item Description

1 Terminal Strip Part No. 09987900 (For Chiller Remote)

2 3/8 in. Space Collars (Part No. 09920584)

3 Remote Cable (Part No. N0770175)

4 Coolant Out (Part No. N0770342) White Tie Wrap

101

PerkinElmer OPTIMA 8000 Customer Hardware And Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Customer Service

Safety and Regulatory Information

Warning Labels on the Instrument

Using this Guide

Documents to Help You

How this Guide is Organized

Safety Practices

Introduction

Laboratory Guidelines

Instrument Safety Practices

WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products

Safe Handling of Gas Cylinders

Sample Preparation

Decontamination and Cleaning

References

Introduction

Environmental Conditions

Exhaust Vent Requirements

Laboratory Space Requirements

Cooling Water Requirements

Electrical Requirements

Pneumatic Requirements

System Description

Introduction

Spectrometer

ICP Source

Sample Introduction System

Switches and Controls

Connections to Electrical, Gas, and Cooling Water Supplies

System Initialization

Technical Data

Installation

Installation Summary

Setting Up the Computer and Printer

Moving the Instrument

Connecting the Gases and Cooling Water

Connecting the PolyScience Chiller