Nikon SB-25 AF SPEEDLIGHT Instruction Manual

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Autofocus Speedlight
Instruction Manual
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FOREWORD
Thank you for purchasing the Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-25. Used with Nikon’s newest SLRs (F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006,
M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-401/N4004 and F-401s/
F-601 N4004s), it offers you the most advanced and complete system for automatic flash photography available.
To get the maximum performance from your new SB-25,
be sure to take time to read the instruction manual carefully.
The Nikon N90, N8008, N8008s, N6006, N6000, N5005, N4004 and N4004s are sold exclusively in the U.S.A. The Nikon N2020 and N2000 are sold exclu­sively in the U.S.A. and Canada.
For Effective Use of This Manual
Using this manual is simple. Read the pages with shaded index tabs indicating your camera name. These index tabs lead you to all of the information you need to learn about using the SB-25 with your camera.
The SB-25 and today’s newest Nikon models offer exceptionally high performance. They include more features than ever before, all of which can help you make great pic­tures.
Because there are so many features, the instruction man­ual is extensive, and may seem a little intimidating. We urge you, however, to thoroughly read the manuals before you begin using the SB-25. That way you will be fully familiar with the features and the way they work.
For the convenience of latest Nikon SLR users, the SB-25 offers automatic adjustment functions when used with cer­tain lenses. Automatic operations is detailed beside manual operation in shaded boxes with mark.
By becoming thoroughly familiar with the SB-25, you will be able to use its advanced features more effectively and enjoy great results from the very beginning.
F90-Series/N90 Users
F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
F-601/N6006 and F-601
M/N6000 Users
F-401x/N5005 Users
F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users
F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users
FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users
F3-Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 Users
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Table Of Contents
FOREWORD
For Effective Use of This Manual.....................................2
Table of Contents ....................................................4 — 5
Chapter 1: Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus Speedlight
Nomenclature...........................................................8 — 9
Main Features/Functions —
SB-25’s Flash Capabilities ..............................10 — 17
Fully Automatic Fill Flash ...................................10 — 13
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash.............................11
“TTL Multi-Sensor” Automatic Balanced
Fill-Flash With F90-Series/N90 ........................12
FP High-Speed Sync Flash..................................13 — 14
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash ..............................................15
Red-Eye Reduction Control...........................................16
Repeating Flash..........................................................16
SB-25 Feature Comparison: Flash Operations
Available with Your Camera .....................................17
Chapter 2: Before Flash Shooting
WARNING — TO AVOID INJURY..................................20
CAUTION — TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO
THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT ..........................................20
Getting Started — SB-25 Set-Up........................20 — 23
Selecting Measurement System,
Meters or Feet ........................................................21
Installing Batteries ............................................21 — 22
Attaching Flash Unit to the Camera
Accessory Shoe.............................................22 — 23
Checking Battery Power ..............................................23
Adjustment Functions — Using LCD Panel
and Built-in Functions .....................................24 — 30
Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/
Front Position ...............................................24 — 25
Using LCD Panel For Shooting-
Distance Computation....................................26 — 30
Setting ISO Film Speed
(Manual Adjustment)...............................27 — 28
Setting Aperture Value
(Manual Adjustment)...............................28 — 29
Setting Zoom-Head Position
(Manual Adjustment)...............................29 — 30
Chapter 3: Shooting Practice in Flash Modes
TTL Auto Flash Mode — Fill-Flash with
Automatically Compensated Flash Output ...32 — 79
For F90-Series/N90 Camera Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......33 — 39
For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s
Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......40 — 47
For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......48 — 56
For F-401x/N5005 Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......57 — 63
For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......64 — 69
For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......70 — 75
For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......76 — 79
Non-TTL Auto Flash
with Varied Lens Apertures.............................80 — 83
Manual Flash Mode — Manual Light-
Output Control .................................................84 — 89
Synchronization in Continuous Shooting........................89
Repeating Flash Mode — For Multiple
Exposure...........................................................90 — 95
Mode — Shooting
Chapter 4: Flash-Shooting Applications
FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash Photography
At Higher Shutter Speeds .............................98 — 103
Guide number in FP High-Speed Sync Flash .....102 — 103
Red-Eye Reduction Control — For Better
Flash Portraits..........................................................104
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For Natural
Light Flows...............................................................105
Flash Exposure Compensation — To Make Flash-
Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker........106 — 107
Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial —
To Make Background Lighter or Darker....108 — 109
Open Flash Button — For Test Firing ................110
Built-In Wide Flash Adapter — For Shorter
Focal-Length Lenses...............................................111
Zoom-Lock Capability — To Fix Zoom-Head
Position .........................................................112 — 113
Trouble With Wide Flash Adapter ............................113
AF Assist LED — Autofocus Flash Photography
in Dim Light ..................................................114 — 115
Power Switch Standby (STBY) Position — To
Conserve Energy and
Shorten Recycling Time ..............................116 — 117
Guide Number — To Calculate
a Proper Aperture....................................................118
Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh
Shadow ..........................................................119 —123
Bounce Flash Photography.....................................122
Using a Diffuser ....................................................123
Close-Up Flash Photography in
TTL Auto Flash Mode — To Flash
On A Very Close Subject .............................124 — 125
Multiple Flash Photography — Using More
Than One Speedlights .................................126 — 132
TTL Multiple Flash Photography ..................128 — 129
Manual Multiple Flash Photography ........................129
System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash ............130 — 131
Accessories for TTL Multiple Flash..........................132
Chapter 5: Notes on Speedlight
“Red Eye” .....................................................................134
Flash Sync Mode Selector vs.
Position.....................................................................135
Tips on Speedlight Care..................................136 — 137
About Batteries............................................................138
Specifications ..................................................139 — 141
Usable Aperture/Flash Shooting Distance
Ranges In TTL Auto And Non-TTL
Flash Modes.............................................................142
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Chapter 1
Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus Speedlight
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Nomenclature
Chapter
1
Built-in diffuser card
Built-in wide flash adapter
Battery chamber lid
Slide and lift to open.
Flash head tilting lock release lever
Meter/Feet select lever (inside battery chamber)
Battery chamber
Accepts four 1.5V AA-type penlight batteries, either
1.5V alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd batteries (voltage for NiCd batteries varies depending on manufacturer; maximum permitted is 1.5V).
Flash head
Locks at the front position and the 90˚ position; tilts up to 90° and down to –7°; rotates 90° to the right and 180° to the left.
Autofocus assist illuminator LED
Enables autofocus operation in dim light or total darkness.
Light sensor for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation
In Non-TTL Auto Flash operation, be careful not to cover or otherwise obstruct the sensor.
External power source terminal
Accepts power cord of Nikon DC unit SD-8/SD-7.
Mounting foot locking wheel
Mount pin
Hot-shoe contacts
Mounting foot
Tilting angle scale
Rotating angle scale
Terminal cover
Keep terminal covered when not in use.
TTL multiple flash terminal
For TTL-exposure-control multiple flash operation.
Sync/multiple flash terminal
For manual-exposure multiple flash operation.
Flash head rotating lock release lever
LCD panel
See page 26.
Control buttons
See page 26.
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Main Features/Functions — SB-25’s Flash Capabilities
The SB-25 is a most versatile Speedlight which offers vari­ety of convenient features to enhance your flash photogra­phy. To understand these features/function will help you operate the SB-25 easily, therefore, enjoy more options and creative possibilities. Each of following topics cover particu­lar Nikon SLR models:
Fully Automatic Fill Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,
F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 N6000 and F-401x/N5005
• Standard TTL Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 N6000, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V
• FP High-Speed Sync Flash: F90-Series/N90
• Rear-Curtain Sync Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,
F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and F-601
M/N6000
• Red-Eye Reduction Control: F90-Series/N90
• Repeating Flash: All the Nikon SLR models covered in
this manual
Fully Automatic Fill Flash
Generally performed at night or in dim light, flash photogra­phy can also be used to reduce shadows in pictures shot in bright sunlight, resulting in a pleasing, more natural effect.
Using a flash this way, with ambient light, is called “fill-
flash.” When used with the SB-25, many Nikon SLR cam-
M/
eras provide Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash, to automatically keep flash brightness in balance with the ambient light.
M/
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash
Thanks to a computer-controlled exposure meter (multi­segment sensor) and TTL (through-the-lens) sensor, shutter speed, aperture, and even flash output can be automatically controlled to keep both subject and background in correct exposure.
In Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, the camera’s Matrix
Metering System (i.e., multi-segment sensors) determines the correct exposure based on ambient light. Flash output is then controlled with the center-bottom-weighted TTL sen­sor which monitors light reflection from the film surface and regulates timing to terminate output in realtime with flash illumination. This way, flash illumination brightens the scene (mainly foreground subject), but does not overpower the ambient light exposure (background).
Chapter
The result is brighter shadows, sharper details and more vivid colors. Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash operates in virtually all light conditions within the camera’s metering range and available synchronized shutter speeds. Operation is fast and automatic, while it allows manual operation for exposure compensation techniques to vary fill-flash effects.
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash operates when you switch the metering system to Center-Weighted. This metering system measures the entire scene and emphasizes its read­ing on the center area. By pointing the center-weighted area at different parts of the scene, you can choose which brightness level you want for basic available-light exposure.
By selecting Spot Metering System, Spot Fill-Flash oper­ates in a similar manner as Center-Weighted Fill-Flash, although the meter reads a narrower center area, or “spot.”
1
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
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“TTL Multi-Sensor” Automatic Balanced Fill­Flash with F90-Series/N90
After you depress the shutter release button and prior to the shutter being activated, the SB-25 fires a series of nearly invisible preflash, or Monitor Preflash.
These preflash are detected by the F90-Series/N90’s TTL multi-sensor, analyzed for brightness and contrast, then integrated with distance information from the lens (D-type Nikkor) and other exposure control information for a bal­anced fill-flash exposure.
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be performed with any built-in metering system, and is most effectively used to achieve correct exposure in scenes that include:
• A mirror, white wall or other surface with extremely high reflectivity
• Obstacle(s) in front of subject you wish to avoid
• Sunlight
• Subject against an “infinite” background (empty sky, clouds, etc.)
With non-D-type AF or AI-P Nikkor lenses, Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash will be performed. Although the TTL multi-sensor does not process distance information, the advanced sensor system generally provides superior results to Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash.
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash photography: particularly effective for subject standing against a shiny object.
Standard TTL Flash
It is possible to manually select a flash compensation level instead of having the computer do it automatical­ly. Simply press the SB-25’s button to cancel Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash.
The camera’s computer-controlled TTL flash sensor detects the total amount of light passing through the lens and reflected from the film surface. The system controls flash output so that the combination of ambi­ent light and flash illumination will result in a correct exposure.
Under bright-light conditions, the flash is automati­cally controlled to provide less light; under dim light conditions, it will produce more light.
This system is not designed to automatically provide a balance between flash and ambient light; it is limited to efficient operation in dim-light conditions and is not recommended for use in very bright lighting condi­tions. This system does not directly link the ambient light meter and the flash’s TTL meter.
Chapter
Main Features/Functions
FP High-Speed Sync Flash
The SB-25 is capable of flash synchronization at shutter speeds of 1/250 sec. or faster when used with the new F90­Series/N90. Unlike other flash synchronization methods, the flash consecutively emits light at an extremely rapid cycle and exposure begins with the opening of the front (first) cur­tain and ends with the closing of the rear (second) curtain.
1
FP High-Speed Sync Flash: Allows a wider aperture, thus, shallower depth of field for a blurred background.
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Y
F R F R
1
X
Y
F R
X
Y
X
22
The combination of high shutter-speed range and flash sync capability provides you with more options for flash photography in day-light conditions. It enables you to use a wider aperture to blur the subjects background (create a shallow depth of field), light up shadowed areas in outdoor photography, or even create light flow for fast moving sub­jects.
SB-25 sync flash
Light output
FP High-Speed
Sync Flash
Front-curtain sync flash Rear-curtain sync flash
Chapter
1
Main Features/Functions
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash
FP high-speed sync flash is only available in the SB-25’s Manual flash mode when using the F90-Series/N90. For details, see FP High-Speed Sync Flash Flash Photography At Higher Shutter Speeds on page 98.
X: Time duration Y: Shutter curtain movement
: Front-curtain movement : Rear-curtain movement
1: Film surface is exposed to
flash light throughout the entire duration.
2: Film surface is exposed to
flash light for only part of the time that the curtain are open.
In normal flash synchronization, the flash fires at an early stage of exposure (i.e., front-curtain sync). At slow shutter speeds with a moving subject, this results in unnatural light patterns.
For more natural lighting, use Rear-Curtain Sync. With this method, the flash fires at a later stage of the exposure, just before the rear, or second, shutter curtain starts to close (i.e., rear-curtain sync), turning available light into a stream of light that follows the flash-illuminated moving subject. Rear-Curtain Sync is available with the F90­Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and F-601
M/ N6000.
For more details, see Rear-Curtain Sync Flash For Natural Light Flow, page 105 and Flash Sync Mode Selector
vs. , page 135.
A slow shutter speed could create light flow from a moving subject. Rear-Curtain Sync Flash catches him/her with natural-looking light stream.
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Chapter
1
Main Features/Functions
Red-Eye Reduction Control
Red eye effect occurs in flash photography when flash pictures are taken in dim surroundings where the subject’s eye pupils will be dilated (opened very wide). Light from the cameras flash reflects off the interior of the eye through the wide-open pupil and back into the cameras lens; the result in the photo appears as bright red eyes.
The SB-25 fires three consecutive flash prior to the main flash. This causes the subjects pupils to constrict (become smaller), reducing the appearance of red-eye.
The F90-Series/N90 offers this exclusive Red-Eye Reduction Control to control preflash, for use in any flash mode, except Repeating Flash mode. For more details and setting operation, see page 104, and the cameras instruc­tion manual.
Red-eye effect can also be controlled by the angle at which light strikes the subject and is reflected back to the cameras lens. For further details, see Red Eye, page 134.
Repeating Flash SB-25 Feature Comparison: Flash Operations Available with Your Camera
When used with any Nikon SLR, the SB-25 is capable of strobo-effect multiple flash exposure at up to 160 flash per frame; it also allows control of the amount of flash light out­put. Operation becomes simple once you learn how to match the number and speed of flash to your desired shut­ter speed.
For details, see Repeating Flash Mode For
Multiple Exposure, pages 90 to 95.
Repeating flash mode offers strobo effect, multiple exposure on a single frame.
For details regarding your camera, see pages:
1) 33 to 39. 2) 40 to 47. 3) 48 to 56. 4) 57 to 63.
5) 64 to 69. 6) 70 to 75. 7) 76 to 79.
TTL Auto Flash 32 – 79
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ 3)✗ Center-Weighted Fill-Flash 1)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ 3)✗ Spot Fill-Flash Programmed TTL Auto Flash 5)✗ 5)✗ 6)✗
Standard TTL Flash 1)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ Non-TTL Auto Flash 80 – 83 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Manual Flash 84 – 89 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Repeating Flash (strobo effect) 90 – 95 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ FP High-Speed Sync Flash 98 – 103 Red-Eye Reduction Control 104 Rear-Curtain Sync Flash 105 ✗✗✗✗✗✗ Flash Exposure Compensation 106 – 107 ✗✗✗✗✗✗ Open Flash Button (test firing) 110 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Built-in Wide Flash Adapter 111 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Zoom-Lock Capability 112 – 113 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ AF Assist LED 114 – 115 ✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ Standby Position (power switch) 116 – 117 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗ Bounce Flash (built-in diffuser card) 119 – 123 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Close-up Photography (TTL Auto Flash) 124 – 125 ✗✗✗✗ ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Multiple Flash Photography 126 – 132 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
F90-Series/N90
See pages
1)
1)
1)
F4-Series
F-801/N8008
✗ 2)✗
F-801s/N8008s
F-601/N6006
3)
/N6000
M
F-401x/N5005
F-601
4)
4)
3)
✗ 5)✗ 5)✗ 6)✗ 6)✗ 7)✗ 7)✗ 7)✗
F-401/N4004
F-501/N2020
F-301/N2000
6)
F-401s/N4004s
FA
FE2
FG
7)
F3-Series
Nikonos V
F2-Series
FM2
FG-20
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Chapter 2
Before Flash Shooting
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Chapter
2
WARNING — TO AVOID INJURY
DO NOT FIRE FLASH NEAR THE EYES: Firing the flash light very close to any persons eyes can injure the retina, thereby weakening eyesight or causing blindness.
DO NOT TOUCH THE FLASH HEAD WHEN FIRING THE SB-25: The flash head generates significant heat during normal operation, which may cause burns. Also, when using the flash, keep delicate materials away from the flash head.
CAUTION — TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT
DO NOT MIX OR USE THE SB-25 WITH OTHER MANU­FACTURERS CAMERAS, FLASH UNITS, OR ACCES­SORIES (INCLUDING EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES): Nikon is not responsible for malfunctions or other prob­lems resulting from use of this product with any equip­ment other than Nikon brand products.
PROPER CARE AND STORAGE OF THE SB-25 SPEED­LIGHT
SEE PAGES 136 AND 137, Tips on Speedlight Care.
BATTERIES: CARE AND CAUTION
SEE PAGE 138, About Batteries.
Getting Started — SB-25 Set-Up
This section introduces preparations for using the SB-25, such as installing batteries, attaching flash unit to your cam­era, and finally, turning the unit on. Follow these steps in order, especially when using for the first time. This section should serve as a practical guide for later reference.
ABNORMAL LC (LIQUID CRYSTAL) DISPLAY AND MALFUNCTIONING
In certain cases, due to normal characteristics of the built-in microcomputer, the speedlight may not oper­ate or an abnormal display may appear, even with fresh, properly installed batteries.
If this occurs, turn off flash and remove the batter­ies, then reinstall batteries and turn the power on. This should properly reset the computer.
Selecting Measurement System, Meters or Feet
Slide the battery chamber cover in
1
the > direction and lift to open.
Slide the meter/feet lever (small
2
switch in the mouth of the cham­ber) to select desired indication (m or ft.); this will appear in the LCD panel while the speedlight is in use. The lever is preset to meters (m) when shipped from the factory.
Installing Batteries
Load four 1.5V AA-type penlight
3
alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd batteries into the battery chamber. Be sure to follow the indication inside the chamber to ensure the bat­teries are properly loaded.
Using an external power source
For an external power source, use optional Nikon DC Unit SD-7 or SD-8. For battery information, see page
138.
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Chapter
Getting Started
2
Close the battery chamber lid,
4
then slide cover to close.
Attaching Flash Unit to Camera Accessory Shoe
Turn the SB-25s mounting foot
5
locking wheel to the loosened position as far as it goes, without forc­ing.
For Nikon F3 Series users
The SB-25 can only be mounted on an F3 Series cam­era that uses a DE-2 or DE-3 finder. Be sure to attach Flash Unit Coupler AS-4 or AS-7 to the camera’s accessory shoe before mounting the SB-25 on the camera.
Slide the mounting foot forward
6
onto the cameras accessory
shoe as far as it goes.
Checking Battery Power
Tighten the locking wheel, taking
7
care not to over-tighten.
Precaution for Nikon F90-Series/N90 users
As the locking wheel is tightened, the SB-25 is firmly attached to the accessory shoe with the mount pin. Be extra careful that the locking wheel is completely loos­ened before removing the flash unit from the camera or it may cause damage to both units.
Set power switch to STBY (stand-
8
by position) or ON to turn on the speedlight. If batteries are properly installed/ power is sufficient, ready-light will come on, and LCD indications will appear.
LCD figures and symbols for meters (m) and feet (ft) do not appear simulta­neously, as shown above. They are shown together throughout this manu­al for ease of explanation.
Replace batteries with a fresh set:
With alkaline-manganese batteries replace if ready­light takes more than 30 sec. to light up. With NiCd batteries remove if ready-light takes more than 10 sec. to light up.
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Adjustment Functions — Using LCD Panel and Built-in Functions
Tilting/rotating flash head, built-in zoom head, LCD panel and control buttons for aperture/distance computation...
The SB-25 features many convenient functions. Proper use will help you perform successful flash photography in every situation.
Before practice, you should understand the adjustments and reasons behind them. Once you have learned them, you can make the most of the SB-25 for all kinds of flash techniques.
Operation can be controlled manually or automatically, depending on which Nikon SLR model is used. Manual operation is described for each feature, then automatic adjustment features are described within the boxed sec­tions (with a mark). Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/Front Position
In normal shooting situations, the flash head should face straight forward, tilted in the horizontal position. A tilted/rotated head can be used for special techniques such as close-ups or bounce flash photography.
Tilting/Rotating flash head to a position other than horizontal and straight forward
Downward-tilted flash head (-7° position) is used for taking pictures of subjects at a distance of less than
1.5m (approx. 5 ft.). When the head is set at this posi­tion, the distance indicator bars blink.
An upward-tilted and/or rotated flash head is used
for bounce flash photography. When the head is set this way, the distance indicator bars do not appear, to show the distance indication function is not available.
See Diffusing Light To Soften Harsh Shadows, pages 119 to 123, for information on bounce flash photography.
Tilt the flash head to the horizontal, until it click-stops.
1
The flash head locks both at the horizontal, facing straight­forward (0° degree), and at the vertical, facing straight-up (90° degrees). To release from the locked position, slide the lock release lever in the > direction, then, while holding the lever, tilt the flash head.
Adjust the flash head so it faces straight forward
2
check that it is not rotated to the right or left. To unlock from the forward position, slide the lock release lever in P direction, then, while holding the lever, rotate flash head to either the right or left.
Chapter
Confirm indicator bars appear in the flash shoot-
3
ing distance scale (LCD panel). Bars do not appear or will blink if the flash head is not set horizontal and straight ahead. If indicator bars do not appear in the LCD panel at all, check whether the camera is turned on. If it is, lightly press the shutter release button. If not, turn on the camera, then light­ly press the shutter release button. Indicator bars appear for eight seconds once activated (they disappear after eight seconds). Lightly pressing the shutter release button causes the bars to reappear.
2
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Chapter
Adjustment Functions
2
Using LCD Panel For Shooting-Distance Computation
Note: All LCD (liquid crystal display) figures and marks do not appear simultaneously, as shown below. They are shown together for ease of explanation.
Flash sync mode selector
Flash mode indicator
Film speed/Repeating flash indicator
Flash shooting distance scale
Zoom-head position indicator
Aperture indicator
Zoom button
Ready-light/open-flash button Power switch
Adjustment buttons
LCD panel
Flash mode selector
for Non-TTL Auto Flash expo-
sure control
for Manual Flash exposure con-
trol
for repeating flash
for TTL Auto Flash exposure
control
Exposure compensation indicator
Underexposure indicator
Exposure compensation/ underexposure value
Red-eye reduction control indicator
Light amount indicator
M button
Illuminator button
Select button
Confirming flash shooting distance is an indispensable step for successful flash photography. The SB-25 can be used to compute the appropriate distance range.
An appropriate flash shooting distance is determined
using the following variables:
ISO FILM SPEED IN USE
APERTURE VALUE
ZOOM-HEAD POSITION
Indicator bars will appear to show a proper shooting distance range only after all those variables have been set in the LCD panel.
Automatic ISO film speed adjustment: F90­Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/
N8008s
No manual adjustment is required with these camera models, because ISO speed of film in use is automati­cally set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel.
When a film is not installed in the camera, ISO 100 is
indicated.
If no indication shows in the LCD panel, lightly press
the cameras shutter release button.
Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment)
Push button so a film speed number starts blink-
1
ing beside the indication in the LCD panel.
Press adjustment button or to set the film
2
speed.
Operation in Repeating Flash Mode
Setting of ISO film speed is not required. The repeat­ing flash indicator appears in the place of the film
speed indicator. For details, see pages 90 to 95.
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Chapter
Adjustment Functions
2
When the desired number
3
appears, press button to complete setting. The indication will stop blinking. The film-speed indicator blinks during adjustment, and stops blinking after eight seconds unless an adjustment is made with an adjustment button. The last blinking number is automatically set in this case.
Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment)
Automatic aperture
adjustment: F90-Series/ N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the lat­est D-Type) or Nikkor lens hav­ing a built-in CPU
No manual adjustment is required with these camera/lens combinations, because the con­trolled aperture is automatically
Push button so an aperture
1
value number starts blinking beside the indication in the LCD panel.
Press adjustment button or
2
When camera is in programmed auto or shutter-priority exposure mode, be sure to use an aperture indicated in the cameras viewfinder (a controlled aperture). In general, first set the aperture on the camera, then use the same value for the SB-25.
to set the aperture value.
set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel (except in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode).
When the desired number
3
appears, press button to complete the setting. The indication will stop blinking. The aperture-value indicator blinks during adjustment, and stops blinking after eight seconds unless an adjust­ment is made with an adjustment but­ton. The last blinking figure is auto­matically set in this case.
Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment)
Press the button until the number in the LCD panel shows the focal length of the lens in use or shorter. When using a zoom lens other than AF Zoom Nikkor, set the shortest focal length of the lens to determine the zoom-head position that covers the full zoom length range.
Also, refer to page 139 on Angle of coverage, an angle which flash light can cover in a zoom-head position.
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Automatic zoom-head position adjustment: F90-
Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the lat­est D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
No manual adjustment is required with these camera/ lens combinations, because the SB-25 automatically adjusts the zoom-head position to provide an angle of coverage that matches the focal length of the lens in use.
With an AF Nikkor lens of fixed focal length (including the latest D-Type), the zoom head automatically adjusts to the closest available wider focal length setting.
With a zoom lens, the zoom head automatically adjusts within the limits of the available coverage (from 24mm to 85mm).
You must set zoom-head position manually when using your camera with other lenses or to select a specif­ically desired position.
Chapter
2
Adjustment Functions
For manual adjustment (with same camera/lens com­binations as above)
Press button until your desired zoom-head position appears in the LCD panel, and note the small above the (shown as ). Automatic adjustment will resume when the disappears.
Chapter 3
Shooting Practice and Flash Mode
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TTL Auto Flash Mode — Fill-Flash with Automatically Compensated Flash Output
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
Chapter
3
In TTL Auto Flash mode, the SB-25 Speedlight can be used for just about any shooting situation, from bright scenes to dim lights. For precisely controlled exposures in wider brightness ranges or more complex conditions, you can use fill-flash techniques with automatic operation and/or advanced user-controlled options.
The SB-25s TTL Auto Flash mode offers even more flash applications and options, such as flash synchronization with slow shutter speeds (slow sync flash), bounce flash and cre­ative close-up photography.
Even simple snap shots can be taken with a sophisticat­ed touch. By setting the SB-25 to TTL Auto flash mode, you can enjoy flash photography that is simple, yet the most advanced available.
Using this flash mode with your camera
The SB-25 works in different ways, depending on which camera it is used with. TTL Auto Flash mode, in particular, offers several noteworthy features that vary from one model to another. Be sure to read Fully Automatic Fill-In Flash, pages 10 through 13, to become familiar with these SB-25 capabilities.
Use the following chart to locate pages relevant to your
camera model and the flash operation you wish to use.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: See pages
For N90/F90 Users 33 — 39
For F4-Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8000s
Users 40 — 47
For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users 48 — 56
For F-401x/N5005 Users 57 — 63
For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users 64 — 69
For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users 70 — 75
For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V users 76 — 79
For F3-Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 users
No information is provided for these models in this section, because they do not function in TTL Auto Flash mode.
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 enables you to perform any of the following fully automatic fill-flash functions, or choose Standard TTL Flash. (Functions are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.):
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
Spot Fill-Flash
Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you will perform with the lens in use and metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the lens/meter combination determines the flash method.
If you have extra lens(es), you may be able to select a particular flash method. For example, by replacing a D-Type AF Nikkor with an AI-P lens, you can switch from 3D Multi­Sensor to Multi-Sensor Fill-Flash.
By using the SB-25s button, you can perform Standard TTL Flash (except for P and Ps exposure modes), regardless of lens type.
Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash
Flash Methods: F90-Series/N90 Settings and Lenses
Lens in Use
D-Type AF Nikkor Lenses
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lens­es
Other lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on camera; see instruction manual for infor-
2) Except D-Type and AF Nikkor lenses for F3AF.
3) You can not use the Ps mode as the shutter locks.
4) Only 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be
5) Exposure mode (P or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A), and
Camera’s Exposure Mode
1)
Programmed auto (P, Ps)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
Programmed auto (P, Ps)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
2)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
Aperture-Priority auto (A)
3)
Manual (M)
mation.
performed; Standard TTL Flash is not available and the used.
the mode indication blinks in the cameras LCD panel; set desired aperture manually.
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
4)
3D Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash
4)
Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash
5)
Center-Weighted
Fill-Flash
Center-
Weighted
button cannot be
Spot
Spot Fill-
Flash
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
3
Set Up and Practice
Some operations can be controlled automatically when the camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. In other cases, operate manually.
The following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor to operate 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash, or an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or AI­P lens to operate Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash. With other lenses, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash will be per­formed.
Automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment: AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or
Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The aperture and zoom-head position in use are auto­matically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel.
For other lenses, set manually according to the
shooting situation. See Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 and 29, and Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 and 30.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL
FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Remote TTL Auto Flash operation
The optional SC-17 cord enables you to use the SB-25 off-camera.
When performing 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill­Flash, remote operation of the SB-25 works properly only if the SB-25 is placed at a distance and angle similar to the camera-to-subject distance/angle.
For other situations, switch to a flash method other than 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash.
Setting Up SB-25
One of these marks appears for fully automatic fill-flash; both disappear for Standard TTL Flash
3. Flash sync
mode selector at NORMAL
5 Aperture
value and zoom-head position
2 Flash mode
selector at TTL Auto
4 ISO
speed of film in use
1 For
selecting flash method
Press the button.
1
To perform 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash, confirm appears in the LCD panel. To perform Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, confirm
appears.
To perform Standard TTL Flash, press the button so that both and disappears.
Choose (flash mode selector). Confirm in the
2
LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selec-
3
tor).
position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash (see
page 105).
Confirm the ISO film speed has been set and appears
4
in the SB-25s LCD panel (automatic ISO film speed adjustment). If not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the camera’s shutter release button.
Confirm the aperture value chosen on the camera and
5
zoom-head position have been set and appear in the SB-25s LCD panel (automatic aperture/zoom-head adjust­ment).
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
3
Setting Up Your Camera
Select one of the following exposure modes:
6
a. Programmed auto (P or Ps) b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual exposure mode (M)
Select a metering system:
7
a. Matrix metering system b. Center-Weighted metering system c. Spot metering system
Selecting an exposure-metering system on the F90­Series/N90 camera
Either 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash will operate regardless of exposure meter system chosen, when the camera is used with a D­type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens.
Choose a meter to measure background exposure that most effectively meets the photo requirements you wish to achieve.
Perform other settings:
8
a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture
(highest f-number).
b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-
ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter
speed*. c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance
Use the table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
Confirming Settings
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
9
press the shutter release button. Use AE-L (Auto Exposure Lock) on the camera to capture exact exposure information for your picture composition (except when in manual exposure mode). Confirm controlled aperture and shutter speed. These also appear in the cameras LCD panel. The aperture in use (shown in the viewfinder) and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-25s LCD panel.
Over-/Underexposure warning (background exposure)
For overexposure alert, HI or a + (positive) value appears in the F90-Series/N90 viewfinder and LCD panel.
For underexposure, electronic analog displays (in viewfinder and LCD panel) show Lo or a “– (negative) value.
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Firing Flash
Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
3
Confirm shooting distance.
10
Check whether subject falls within the range shown by the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wide aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode). Then, repeat steps 9 and 10.
Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in
11
focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the cameras viewfinder.
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
12
Recheck ready-light and to see if it is blinking.
13
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Then, reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-pri­ority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate under­exposure.
Underexposure indication
When subject may have been underexposed, mark and amount of underexposure (for example, ) appear in the SB-25s LCD panel after firing.
To compensate underexposure in the above exam­ple, you might consider using an aperture at least 2 f/stops wider, or move closer to subject.
button to resume indication
The underexposure indication lasts only three seconds Use the button to recall the indication last shown in the LCD panel.
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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 enables you to perform the following flash meth­ods. They are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
Spot Fill-Flash (not available with the F4-Series or
F-801/N8008)
Standard TTL Flash
Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you will perform with your camera, the lens in use and the metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the lens/meter combination determines the flash method. In other cases, you may have to switch metering systems, change lenses, or both.
By using the SB-25s button, you can also choose Standard TTL Flash, regardless of lens type.
For practice, read Set Up and Practice, from page 42 on.
Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash
Flash Methods: F4-Series Settings and Lenses
Lens in Use (with Multi­Finder
2)
DP-20)
AF Nikkor
3)
lenses AI-P lenses
AF Telecon­verter/ AF Nikkor lenses for F3AF/AI­type Nikkor lenses (including AI-S)
Other lenses
1)
Camera’s
Exposure Mode
Programmed auto
H)
(P, P Shutter-priority
auto (S) Aperture-priority
auto (A) Manual (M)
Aperture-priority
4)
auto (A)
Manual (M)
Programmed auto (P, PH)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced
Fill-Flash
Matrix
Balanced
Fill-Flash
Standard TTL Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
Spot
Standard
TTL Flash
Standard
TTL Flash
Flash Methods: F-801/N8008 Settings and Lenses
Lens in Use
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses
Camera’s Exposure
1)
Programmed auto
D, P, P
(P Shutter-priority auto
3)
(S) Aperture-priority auto
(A)
Mode
H
)
Manual (M)
Other lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for
2) With AE Action Finder DA-20, Center-Weighted Fill-Flash and Standard TTL
3) Includes the latest D-type Nikkor lenses, but excludes AF lenses for F3 Series
Aperture-priority auto
5)
(A) Manual (M)
information.
Flash can be used. With Waist-Level Finder DW-20 and 6x High-Magnification Finder DW-21, because Matrix and Center-Weighted metering systems can­not be used, only Standard TTL Flash can be used.
cameras.
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced Fill-
Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted Fill-
Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
6)
Chapter
Flash Methods: F-801s/N8008s Settings and Lenses
Lens in Use
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses
Camera’s Exposure
1)
Programmed auto
D, P, P
(P Shutter-priority auto
3)
(S) Aperture-priority auto
(A)
Mode
H
)
Manual (M)
Other lenses
4) Exposure mode (P, P
5) Exposure mode (P
6) Matrix metering system automatically shifts to Center-Weighted, as shown by
Aperture-priority auto
5)
(A) Manual (M)
or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A).
Set desired aperture manually.
(A), shown by the blinking mode indication in the cameras LCD panel. Set desired aperture manually.
the blinking indication in the cameras LCD panel. Only Center-Weighted Fill­Flash is available.
H
H
D, P, P
, or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto
Camera’s Metering System
Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
6)
Spot Fill-
Spot Fill-
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced
Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-
Spot
Flash
Flash
3
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
3
Set Up and Practice
Some operations can be controlled automatically when the camera uses an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. In other cases, operate manually.
Note that the following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL
FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Automatic zoom-head/aperture adjustment: AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or
Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The aperture and zoom-head position in use are auto­matically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel.
For other lenses, set manually according to the
shooting situation. See Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 and 29, and Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 and 30.
Setting Up SB-25
Appears for fully automatic fill­flash; disappears for Standard TTL Flash.
3 Flash sync
mode selector at NORMAL
5 Aperture
value and zoom-head position
2 Flash mode
selector at TTL Auto
4 ISO
speed of film in use
1 For
selecting flash method
Press the button.
1
To perform Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, confirm appears in the LCD panel. To perform Standard TTL Flash, press the button so that
disappears.
Choose (flash mode selector position). Confirm
2 3
page 105).
4
adjustment). ISO speed of the film in use is automatically set. If not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the cameras shutter release button.
5
SB-25s LCD panel (automatic aperture/zoom-head adjust­ment).
in the LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selec­tor).
position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash (see
Confirm the ISO film speed has been set and appears in the SB-25s LCD panel (automatic ISO film speed
Confirm the aperture value chosen on the camera and zoom-head position have been set and appear in the
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
3
Setting Up Your Camera
Select one of the following exposure modes:
6
a. Programmed auto (either P, P b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual (M)
Select a metering system:
H, P
H
or PD
7
a. Matrix metering system to perform Matrix Balanced
Fill-Flash.
b. Center-Weighted metering system to perform
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash.
c. With the F-801s/N8008s, Spot metering system to
perform Spot Fill Flash.
d. Any metering system can be chosen to perform
Standard TTL Flash.
Confirming Settings
Perform other settings:
8
)
a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture
(highest f-number).
b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-
ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter
speed*. c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
F4-Series
F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly press the shutter release
9
button. Use AE-L (Auto Exposure Lock) on the camera to capture exact exposure infor­mation for your picture composition (except when in manual exposure mode). Confirm controlled aperture and check that the shutter speed falls between 1/60 sec. and 1/250 sec. With F-801/N8008 or F-801s/N8008s, these also appear in the cameras LCD panel. The aperture in use (shown in the viewfinder) and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-25s LCD panel.
Overexposure warning (back­ground exposure)
For overexposure alert, HI appears (together with lens mini­mum aperture for the F-801/ N8008 and F-801s/ N8008s). in the position that indicates the cameras shutter speed.
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F4-Series
F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s
SB-25
Firing Flash
Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
3
Confirm shooting distance.
10
Check whether subject falls within the range shown by the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aper­ture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 9 and 10.
Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in
11
focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the cameras viewfinder.
Fully depress the shutter release button to fire flash.
12
Check again whether ready-light is blinking.
13
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexpo­sure.
Controlled shutter speed and aperture in Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash/Standard TTL Flash
When the SB-25 is set at position (for flash sync mode selector), the camera automatically controls the shutter speed and aperture between 30 1/250 sec. in programmed auto and aperture-priority auto expo­sure mode.
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Page 25
Chapter
3
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601
Choosing A Flash Method
Use the cameras Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash button to perform any of the following fully automatic fill-flash func­tions, or choose Standard TTL Flash. (Functions are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.):
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
Spot Fill-Flash (not available with the F-601
M/N6000)
Use the chart below to confirm which flash method you will perform with your camera, the lens in use and the metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the
Flash Methods with F-601/N6006
Lens in Use
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses
Other lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for
information.
2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras.
Camera’s Exposure
1)
Programmed auto (P
M, P)
Shutter-priority auto
2)
(S) Aperture-priority auto
(A) Manual (M) Aperture-priority auto
(A)
Mode
Camera’s Metering System
Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
3)
Spot Fill-
Spot Fill-
Matrix
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-
Spot
Flash
Flash
lens/meter combination determines the flash method. In other cases, you may have to switch metering systems, change lenses, or both.
Standard TTL Flash can be operated regardless of lens
type.
For practice, see Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash but­ton on the next page and read Set Up and Practice, from page 50 on.
Flash Methods with F-601M/N6000
Lens in
1)
Use
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses
Other lenses
3) Matrix metering system automatically shifts to Center-Weighted, indicated by
a blinking mark in the cameras LCD panel. Only Center-Weighted Fill-Flash is available.
M/N6000 Users
Camera’s Exposure
Mode
Programmed auto (P
M, P)
Shutter-priority auto
2)
(S) Aperture-priority auto
(A) Manual (M) Aperture-priority auto
(A)
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced Fill-
Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted Fill-
Flash
Set Up and Practice
Check the charts on page 48 to determine which flash is available and appropriate before actual shooting.
Note that the following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens. With any other lens, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash will be performed.
Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode
3)
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL
FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
USE A FILM BETWEEN ISO 25 TO ISO 1000.
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash button
To operate any of the fully automatic fill-flash functions (Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash), use the cameras MODE/ button so that appears in the cameras LCD panel.
To activate Standard TTL Flash, use the same but-
ton again so that the in the LCD panel disappears.
The SB-25s and buttons cannot be used in either of the above cases for flash method selection. Also, the mark does not appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel.
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Chapter
3
Setting Up SB-25
2 Flash sync mode selector at
NORMAL
10 Aperture
value
4 Zoom-head position
1 Flash mode selec-
tor at TTL Auto
3 ISO speed
of film in use
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
2
* For SLOW SYNC FLASH or REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH, perform the set-
3
For instruction, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28.
in the LCD panel.
Choose position* (flash sync mode selec­tor).
tings on the camera; setting priorities are determined by the camera and flash sync mode selections on the SB-25 will be ignored.
Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable film speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000.
Set the built-in zoom head position.
4
For instruction, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601
Setting Up Your Camera
To perform Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or
5
Spot Fill-Flash, use the MODE/ button, and confirm
the mark in the LCD panel. To perform Standard TTL Flash, use the MODE/ but- ton, and confirm the mark disappears from the LCD panel.
Select one of the following exposure modes:
6
a. Programmed auto (either P b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual exposure mode (M)
Select a metering system:
M or P)
7
a. Matrix metering system to perform Matrix Balanced
Fill-Flash.
b. Center-Weighted metering system to perform
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash.
c. With the F-601/N6006, Spot metering system to per-
form Spot Fill Flash.
d. Any metering system can be chosen to perform
Standard TTL Flash.
M/N6000 Users
Perform other settings:
8
a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture
(highest f-number).
b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-
ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter
speed*. c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance
Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
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Chapter
3
Confirming Settings
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
9
press the shutter release button. Confirm aperture and shutter speed. These also appear in the cameras LCD panel.
Controlled shutter speed and aperture in programmed/aperture-priority auto
Aperture and shutter speed are automatically con­trolled by the camera as specified in the following tables.
Controlled shutter speeds
Lens in use (focal length) Shutter speed
60mm or shorter 1/(focal length) to 1/125 sec.
Longer than 60mm 1/60 to 1/125 sec.
Usable maximum apertures in programmed auto
ISO film speed
Controlled aperture*
* Above figures for F-601/N6006, below for F-601M/N6000.
25 50 100 200 400 800 1000
f/4 f/4.8 f/5.6 f/6.7 f/8 f/9.5 f/10
f/2.8 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11
f/11+
f/stop
1
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601
Set the controlled aperture (from step 9)*, then read
10
shooting distance range on the SB-25s LCD panel.
For instruction, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual
/3
Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range for that setting.
* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from
the indicator bars (step 11); setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations a shot will be taken with the aper­ture set on the camera.
Confirm shooting distance.
11
Check whether subject falls within range of the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wide aperture (when aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 10 and 11.
M/N6000 Users
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Chapter
3
Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in
12
focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the cameras viewfinder.
Firing Flash
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
13
Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.
14
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Next, reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to the subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture­priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601
F-601/N6006 and F-601
Exposure mode/LCD panel/Viewfinder Cause Troubleshooting
Programmed auto
Shutter-priority auto
M/N6000 warning indications
EE blinks.
F
+ value appears in electronic analog display (F-601/N6006). HI appears in shutter speed position (F-601
“–” value appears in electronic analog display (F-601/N6006).
FEE blinks.
Lens maximum aperture appears with electronic analog display.
+ value appears in electronic analog display. HI appears in shutter speed position (F-601
M/N6000).
M/N6000).
Lens not set at smallest aperture. Shutter locks.
Background may be overexposed.
Background may be underex­posed.
Lens not set at smallest aperture. Shutter locks.
Background may be overexposed.
Background may be underex­posed.
Set lens to the smallest aperture.
Use a lower ISO film, or add a neutral density filter or circular polarizer.
If necessary, switch to slow sync to obtain shower shutter speed or switch to shutter­priority auto exposure mode to select slower shutter speed.
Set lens to the smallest aperture.
If necessary, select slower shutter speed.
If necessary, select faster shutter speed.
M/N6000 Users
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Chapter
3
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601
F-601/N6006 and F-601
Exposure mode/LCD panel/Viewfinder Cause Troubleshooting
Aperture-priority auto
M/N6000 warning indications (continued)
Scale appears
+ value appears in electronic analog display. HI appears in shutter speed position (F-601
Shutter speed display blinks
M/N6000).
Background may be underex­posed.
Background may be overexposed.
Selected shutter speed may be too slow for hand­held photography or for movement of subject
If necessary, select a wider aperture. If under exposure display stays on, change from normal to slow sync, though shutter speed becomes slower.
If necessary, select a smaller aperture (larger f-number).
Select a wider aperture.
M/N6000 Users
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 enables you to perform Matrix Balanced or Center-Weighted Fill-Flash. These functions are described in detail on pages 10 and 11.
You can choose Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash when using programmed auto, shutter-priority or aperture-priority expo­sure mode, or Center-Weighted Fill-Flash when using man­ual exposure mode (see the chart at right).
Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
TTL Auto flash mode with F-401x/N5005
Lens in Use
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for
2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras.
1)
Programmed auto (P)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
2)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
information.
Camera’s Exposure
Mode
SB-25 Flash
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users
3
Set Up and Practice
Check the charts on page 57 to determine which flash is available and suitable for your shooting situation before actual shooting.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.SET LENS TO MINIMUM APERTURE (HIGHEST F-
NUMBER).
USE A FILM BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO 1000.
Setting Up SB-25
2 Flash sync
mode selector at NORMAL
8 Aperture
value
4 Zoom-head position
1 Flash mode selector
at TTL Auto
3 ISO speed
of film in use
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
2
* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync
3
For instruction, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28.
in the LCD panel.
Choose position* (flash sync mode selec­tor).
mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.
Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000.
Set the built-in zoom head position.
4
For instruction, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
Setting Up Your Camera
Select one of the following exposure modes:
5
a. Programmed auto (P), shutter-priority auto (S) or
aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Matrix
Balanced Fill-Flash.
b. Manual exposure mode to perform Center-
Weighted Fill-Flash.
Perform other settings:
6
a. For shutter-priority auto, set desired shutter speed*. b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
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Confirm Settings
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
7
press the shutter release button. Confirm exposure indicator LEDs (+, R, –) in the viewfinder appear, and make adjustments if necessary. Use the following chart to read LEDs.
Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance
Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
Warning indications
Selected exposure mode
Programmed auto
Shutter­priority auto
Aperture­priority auto
Manual
Viewfinder
indication
+ or + R
R or –
+ or + R
R or –
+ or + R
R or –
LED
No
R
R
R
Status/cause
Background is overexposed.
OK: Background is correctly exposed
Background is underexposed
Background is overexposed
OK: Background is correctly exposed
Background is underexposed
Background is overexposed
OK: Background is correctly exposed
Background is underexposed
Troubleshooting
Select faster shut­ter speed until only R appears.
Select slower shutter speed until only R appears.
Select smaller aperture until only R appears.
Select larger aper­ture until only R appears.
Select faster shut­ter speed or small­er aperture.
Select slower shutter speed or larger aperture.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users
Set aperture in the SB-25s LCD panel*, then read the shooting distance
8
range. For instruction, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). In programmed auto or shutter-priority auto exposure mode, aperture is automati- cally controlled by the camera. Choose and set a value, using the Guide to determining aperture in the following page. Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range.
* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from the indicator bars (step 9);
setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.
Chapter
Confirm shooting distance.
9
Check whether subject falls within the range of the shooting distance indica­tor bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (when aper­ture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 8 and 9.
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Guide to determining aperture
Use these suggestions as a guide. To choose a suit­able aperture, select aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode.
In programmed auto
For subjects backlit by the sun f/16
For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8
For outdoor subjects on a cloudy day, in shadows, or for indoor subjects
In shutter-priority auto
For subjects backlit by the sun f/16 at 1/125 sec.
For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8 at 1/125 sec.
For outdoor subjects on a cloudy day in shadows
For indoor subjects f/5.6 at 1/30 sec
Usable maximum apertures in programmed auto or shut­ter priority auto
Choose an aperture that does not exceed the maximum possi­ble aperture for the film in use, as given below.
ISO film speed
Maximum aperture
25 50 100 200 400 800 1000
f/4 f/4.7 f/5.6 f/6.7 f/8 f/9.5 f/10
f/5.6
f/5.6 at 1/125 sec.
Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in
10
focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the cameras viewfinder.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users
Firing Flash
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
11
Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.
12
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexpo­sure.
Chapter
3
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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users
Chapter
3
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 lets you choose between Programmed TTL Auto Flash or Standard TTL Flash in TTL Auto flash mode.
Use the charts at right to confirm available flash/exposure
mode combinations.
Programmed TTL Auto Flash
By setting the cameras exposure mode to a programmed auto setting (either PDUAL Programmed TTL Auto Flash.
In Programmed TTL Auto Flash, the camera automatically selects a shutter speed of 1/125 sec. and a controlled aper­ture that corresponds to the ISO speed of the film in use (see chart on page 68).
Flash output is regulated by the Speedlight to ensure a correct subject exposure. This enables you to concentrate on picture composition without worrying about exposure settings (including aperture).
You can also perform Standard TTL Flash with the cam­era set at aperture-priority auto (A) or manual exposure mode. In Standard TTL Flash, the Speedlight controls the flash output level to correctly expose the subject. Shutter­speed and/or aperture setting(s) can be selected by the user.
, P or PHI), you can choose
TTL Auto flash mode with F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000
Camera’s
Lens in Use
AI-S type lenses (including AF Nikkor and AI-P)
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for information.
2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras. For Programmed TTL Auto Flash, use only AI-S lenses, which include AF Nikkor, Nikkor lenses with a built-in CPU and Series E lenses.
1)
Exposure Mode
Programmed auto
DUAL, P or PHI)
(P Aperture-priority
auto (A)
2)
Manual (M)
SB-25 Flash
Programmed TTL Auto Flash
Standard TTL Flash
Set Up and Practice
You can choose Programmed TTL Auto Flash against Standard TTL Flash by setting camera to a programmed auto exposure mode (either PDUAL on the previous page.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL
FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
USE FILM WITH A SPEED BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO
1000.
USE AN AI-S LENS (AF Nikkor, Nikkor lens with built-in
CPU or Series E lens).
To distinguish AI-S lenses from others
Look for an orange mark on the minimum aperture scale of the lens.
, P or PHI). Check charts
Setting Up SB-25
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
7 Aperture
value
4 Zoom-head position
1 Flash mode selector
at TTL Auto
3 ISO speed
of film in use
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users
3
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
2
* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync
3
For instruction, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28.
in the LCD panel.
Choose position* (flash sync mode selec­tor).
mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.
Set ISO speed of film in use. Usable film speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000.
Set the built-in zoom head position.
4
For instruction, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes.
Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance
Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
Setting Up Your Camera
Select one of the following exposure modes:
5
a. Programmed auto (either P
Programmed TTL Auto Flash.
b. Aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Standard TTL
Flash.
c. Manual exposure mode to perform Standard TTL
Flash.
Perform other settings:
DUAL, P or PHI) to perform
6
a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture
(highest f-number). b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Confirm Settings
Set aperture in the SB-25s LCD panel*.
7
For instruction, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. In programmed auto exposure mode, aperture is automatically controlled by the camera. Choose a value, using Shutter speed/aperture settings in Programmed TTL Auto Flash in the following page. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range.
* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from the indicator bars (step 8);
setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.
Confirm shooting distance.
8
Check whether subject falls within the range of the shooting distance indica­tor bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (when aper­ture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 7 and 8.
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Shutter speed/aperture settings in Programmed TTL Auto Flash
The camera automatically locks the shutter release at 1/125 sec. Aperture value is automatically controlled to correspond with the film in use.
Film speed and corresponding controlled aperture
ISO film speed
Controlled aperture
25 50 100 200 400 800 1000
f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16
f/16+
f/stop
1
Chapter
3
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users
Firing Flash
/3
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
9
press the shutter release button. Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in camera viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus.
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
10
Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.
11
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexpo­sure.
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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users
Chapter
3
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 can be used in the same manner as the cam­eras built-in TTL flash, but offers more powerful light output and a greater shooting distance range.
The SB-25s setting takes full advantage of the F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s multi-sensor metering system for flash photography.
Is the scene bright or dark, and which is brighter the subject or background? The algorithm in the metering system checks the amount of light based on these ques­tions, and the camera asks through the viewfinder whether you choose to use the flash or not.
In any case, if you decide to use the flash, the camera automatically sets the most appropriate flash method for your shooting situation: Programmed TTL Auto Flash or Standard TTL Flash.
Use the chart in the next page to confirm available flash/exposure mode combinations.
Viewfinder prompt: Use flash or not
When the SB-25 is attached to the camera but turned off, the cameras viewfinder ready-light blinks to sug­gest you use a flash. You can reject or ignore the prompt simply by leaving the SB-25s power off ( continues blinking).
Programmed TTL Auto Flash
When light is low and the flash is needed, the camera asks you to confirm whether you wish to use the flash. If you decide to use it in programmed auto or shutter-priority exposure mode, the right aperture and shutter speed are automatically selected by the camera. Flash output is con­trolled by the Speedlight to correctly expose the subject.
Standard TTL Flash
When using aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, you will be asked to confirm flash use, the same as above. Flash output is controlled by the Speedlight for a correctly exposed subject. Shutter-speed and/or aperture setting(s) can be selected by the user.
TTL Auto flash mode with F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s
Lens in Use
AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for information.
2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras. For Programmed TTL Auto Flash, use only AF Nikkor lenses (including latest D-Type), except AF Nikkor 80mm f/2.8, 200mm f/3.5 IF-ED and Autofocus Converter TC-16/TC-16A.
Camera’s Exposure
1)
Programmed auto (A/S)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
2)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
Mode
SB-25 Flash
Programmed TTL Auto Flash
Standard TTL Flash
Set Up and Practice
When camera is set at programmed auto (A/S) or shutter­priority auto (S) exposure mode, it automatically switches into Programmed TTL Auto Flash.
Before proceeding, be sure to:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.SET LENS TO MINIMUM APERTURE (HIGHEST F-
NUMBER).
USE FILM WITH A SPEED BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO
400.
USE AN AF NIKKOR LENS (including the latest D-Type
Lens, but excluding AF Nikkor 80mm f/2.8, 200mm f/3.5 IF-ED and Autofocus Converters TC-16/TC-16A).
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users
3
Setting Up SB-25
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
7 Aperture
value
4 Zoom-head position
1 Flash mode
selector at TTL Auto
3 ISO speed
of film in use
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
2
* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync
3
For instruction, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28.
in the LCD panel.
Choose position* (flash sync mode selec­tor).
mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.
Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable film speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 400.
Set the built-in zoom head position.
4
For instruction, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes.
Setting Up Your Camera
Select one of the following exposure modes:
5
a. Programmed auto (A/S) to perform Programmed
TTL Auto Flash.
b. Shutter-priority auto (S) to perform Programmed
TTL Auto Flash.
c. Aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Standard TTL
Flash.
d. Manual exposure mode to perform Standard TTL
Flash.
Perform other settings:
6
a. For shutter-priority auto, set desired shutter speed*. b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance
Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
Confirming Settings
Set aperture in the SB-25s LCD panel*.
7
For instruction, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. In programmed auto and shutter-priority auto exposure mode, set an aperture using the “Guide to determine aper- ture in the following page. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range for that setting.
* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from
the indicator bars (step 8); setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations a shot will be taken with the aper­ture set on the camera.
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Confirm shooting distance.
8
Check whether subject falls within the range of the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (when aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 7 and 8.
Guide to determining aperture
Use these suggestions as a guide for choosing aper­ture.
In programmed auto (ISO 100)
For subjects backlit by the sun f/16
For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8
For subjects beside a bright window f/5.6
For indoor subject f/5.6
In shutter-priority auto
For subjects backlit by the sun f/16 at 1/100 sec.
For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8 at 1/100 sec.
For subjects beside a bright window f/5.6 at 1/100 sec.
For indoor subjects f/5.6 at 1/30 sec.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
9
press the shutter release button. Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the cameras viewfinder
Chapter
Firing Flash
Fully depress the shutter release button to fire flash.
10
Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.
11
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to the subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto manual exposure mode) to compensate underexpo­sure.
3
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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users
Chapter
3
Choosing A Flash Method
FA, FE2, FG or Nikonos V users can use the SB-25 Speedlight to perform Standard TTL Flash, for fully auto­matic though-the-lens (TTL) control of flash exposure.
Standard TTL Flash can be performed by setting the SB-25 at . In Standard TTL Flash, the flash output level is controlled by the Speedlight to correctly expose subject.
Set Up and Practice
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE FILM WITH A SPEED BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO
400.
Caution
Use the SB-25 exclusively for on-land condi­tions; it cannot be used in underwater conditions. Always keep the unit away from salt water, rain or water splashes.
Setting Up SB-25
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
7 Aperture
value
4 Zoom-head position
1 Flash mode selector
at TTL Auto
3 ISO speed
of film in use
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
2
* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync
3
For instruction, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28.
in the LCD panel.
Choose position* (flash sync mode selec­tor).
mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.
Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable film speeds are from ISO 25 to ISO 400
Set position of the built-in zoom head.
4
For instruction, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes.
Setting Up Your Camera
Set desired shutter speed*.
5
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Set your chosen aperture.
6
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users
3
Confirm Settings
Set aperture in use.
7
For instruction, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes. Determine approximate flash-shooting distance range by reading indicator bars.
Quick reference on relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance
Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
8
press the shutter release button. Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Check if ready-light is on in cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 .
Firing Flash
Fully depress the shutter release button to fire flash.
9
Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.
10
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexpo­sure.
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Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode — Shooting with Various Lens Apertures
To use various lens apertures for the same subject or when camera/lens combination is incompatible with TTL Auto Flash mode, set the SB-25s flash mode selector to for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation.
In Non-TTL Auto Flash shooting, light output automatical­ly changes to match the flash-to-subject distance, but instead of light being measured through the lens, it is mea­sured by the light sensor on the front of the SB-25.
The SB-25 can be used in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode with any Nikon camera/lens combination.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE APERTURE-PRIORITY AUTO OR MANUAL EXPO-
SURE MODE.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Set Up and Practice
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
3 ISO film
speed in use and zoom-head position
5 Appears when flash is fully charged and ready
to fire. Push for test firing. Blinks after firing indicates possible underexposure.
1 Flash mode
selector at Non-TTL Auto
4 Aperture
value
Choose position (flash mode
1
selector). Confirm appears in
the LCD panel.
Choose position
2
(flash sync mode selector*).
* position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync
Flash, and only with the F90-Series/N90, F4­Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page 105.
Set ISO film speed and position
3
the built-in zoom head. For instructions, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28, and Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
Chapter
Set desired aperture in the SB-25s LCD panel, then set again on the cam-
4
era.
For instructions, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to
29. Indicator bars show a appropriate shooting distance range.
3
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Push button for a test firing (see page 110) when
5
you are not sure whether subject is within the flash shooting range. If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after test firing, flash has fired at its maximum output but light might not have been sufficient. Select a wider aperture or move closer to subject.
F90-Series/N90s viewfinder
Look into the camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
6
the press shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 .
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
7
Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.
8
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, flash has fired at maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture to compensate under­exposure.
Chapter
Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode
Exposure compensation
Exposure compensation in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode is achieved by purposely setting a different aperture value on the camera (actually on the lens in most cases) than on the SB-25.
Use an aperture 1/3 to one stop smaller for an entirely dark background (low reflectance). For back­grounds that include a highly reflective object, use an aperture 1/3 to one stop larger.
Note that shooting distance range indication corresponds to the aperture value set on the SB-25 not on the camera.
In general, you may want to take a series of pictures using exposure bracketing.
3
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Manual Flash Mode — Manual Light-Output Control
With the SB-25s flash mode selector at , you can per­form manual flash photography.
For manual flash photography, it is important to choose an appropriate aperture and shooting distance to achieve your desired effect. To help approximate these variables, you can use the SB-25s LCD panel and control buttons as a calculator, or use guide numbers (see page 118).
To enhance this feature, the SB-25 lets you manually adjust flash output levels from full power (1/1) to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, and FP1 and FP2.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.USE APERTURE-PRIORITY AUTO OR MANUAL EXPO-
SURE MODE.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Set Up and Practice
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
3 ISO film
speed in use and zoom-head position
1 Flash mode selector
at Manual Flash
6 Aperture
value
4 Flash out-
put level
Chapter
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
appears in the LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selec-
2
tor*).
* position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash, and only with the F90-
Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page105.
Set ISO film speed and the built-in zoom head position.
3
For instructions, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28, and Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
Automatic ISO film speed/zoom-head position
adjustment: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/ N8008, or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The film speed and zoom-head position in use are automatically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel.
For other lenses, set manually according to the
shooting situation. See Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28, and Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
3
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Chapter
Manual Flash Mode
3
Press button to choose desired light output.
4
You can choose an amount ranging from full power (1/1) to one sixty-fourth (1/64). LCD indications change as: - -
- - - - - -. With the F90-Series/N90, indication , and then will appear after . At the same time, appears next to . This applies exclusively to FP High-Speed Sync Flash and is dis­cussed in the following pages (see pages 98 to 103).
Fine light-output adjustment: F90-Series/N90 with AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
Additionally, you can manip­ulate light output in finer increments of ±1/3, as long as light output is set between and .
Press button and confirm appears in the SB-25s LCD panel. By pressing button, you can increase the light amount by +1/3 (blinking below the mark), by +2/3 (blinking ), or by +1 (blinking ).
To decrease, use in the same manner; blinking numbers change from (by -1/3) to (by -2/3) to
(by -1).
For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture on the
5
camera. For manual exposure mode, set desired aperture and shut­ter speed* on the camera.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Using guide number
Guide number is helpful to calculate exact flash shoot­ing distance in manual flash operation. For details, see Guide Number To Calculate a Proper Aperture, page 118, and Specification, page 139.
Automatic aperture adjustment: F90-Series/
N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including lat­est D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The aperture in use and an indicator bar are automatically indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel. With other lenses, you must operate manually and follow steps 6, 7 and 8.
To skip steps 6, 7 and 8, check that subject is standing at the location suggested by the LCDs mea­surement scale. If not, change aperture by turning the lens aperture ring to adjust the bar.
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Set the same aperture value in the SB-25s LCD panel.
6
For instruction, see Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. An indicator bar appears to show appropriate shooting distance for the selected aperture.
88
If necessary, press or button to reset the indi-
7
cator bar so it points to the measurement scale that matches or nearly equals the actual flash-to-subject distance (can be read from lens barrel). Manipulating indication bar causes the aperture value in the LCD panel to change.
On the camera, reset the aperture value obtained in the
8
previous step (the aperture that corresponds to the actual flash-to-subject distance). You have now completed all necessary adjustments for locating the subject within an appropriate shooting distance range for the predetermined light output and aperture.
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
9
press the shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 .
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
10
Synchronization in Continuous Shooting
The SB-25 is able to recycle fast enough to synchronize with a motor-driven camera firing continuously at up to six frames per sec. at 1/64 light output. This means you can take up to 40 flash pictures in rapid succession. Batteries must be fresh to achieve the rates indicated.
Continuous firing in Manual Flash mode
Inside SB-25
AA-type alkaline­manganese (four sets)
AA-type NiCd (four sets)
Batteries
Optional
external pow-
er source
(when used
with NiCd bat-
Light output
SD-7
SD-8
SD-8
teries)
Number of
continuous flash
(frames)
More than 4 More than 8 More than 16 More than 30 More than 6 More than 10 More than 40 More than 40 More than 5 More than 10 More than 20 More than 40 More than 5 More than 10 More than 30 More than 40
Chapter
Manual Flash Mode
Caution
Let the flash unit rest at least 10 minutes after continuous firing at a maximum number (see the chart), to allow it to cool off. Overuse generates heat that could shorten the Speedlights life.
Safety range in continuous firing
Flash mode Max. number
TTL Auto 15
Non-TTL Auto 15
15 at full (1/1) or 1/2 light output,
Manual Flash
40 at 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 or 1/64 light output
3
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Chapter
3
Repeating Flash
For multiple flash exposures on a single frame, use the SB-25 in the mode. The flash can be fired up to to 160 times on one frame, and if used in conjunction with the camera bodys multiple exposure control, many more flash can be achieved on the same frame.
When making multiple exposures, there are many factors to consider. You may want to experiment before making the final exposure.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Mode — For Multiple Exposure
Set Up and Practice
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
5 Flash
speed per sec. (in hertz)
1 Flash mode selector
at Repeating Flash
3 Zoom-
head position
8 Aperture
value
4 Flash out-
put level
6 Number of flash
per frame
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
and appear in the LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selec-
2
tor*).
* position is only used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash in TTL Auto , Non-
TTL Auto Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page 105.
and Manual Flash, and only with the F90-Series/N90, F4-
Set the built-in zoom head position.
3
For instructions, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
Press button to choose desired light output.
4
You can choose an amount ranging from one eighth of full power (1/8) to one sixty-fourth (1/64). LCD indications change as: - - - - -.
Automatic zoom-head position adjustment:
F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (includ­ing the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built­in CPU
The zoom-head position in use is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel.
For other lenses, set manually according to the
shooting situation. See Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 and 30.
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Press until a number (flash speed per second)
5
starts blinking beside . Use or to set a desired flash speed. See Determining shutter speed with number/speed of flashes on page 93.
Press again until a number (flashes per frame)
6
starts blinking beside center hyphen . Use or to set the desired number. The maximum number of flashes per frame depends on light-output amount and flash speed. If two hyphens blink, the available number of flashes is fixed (no other choice). For details, see the chart below.
F90-Series/N90s LCD panel
Set desired shutter speed and aperture on the camera.
7
Choose B (bulb) setting or a shutter speed long enough to accommodate the flash you will fire. For calculations, see at right, Determining shutter speed with number/speed of flashes. Use a tripod to minimize camera shake.
Chapter
Repeating Flash Mode
Determining shutter speed with number/speed of flash
Frequency (Hz) represents the number of flash fired per second. For example, 10Hz will fire 10 times in one second. Or, because firing the flash five times takes 1/2 sec. at 10Hz, the shutter speed must be adjusted to at least as slow as 1/2 sec.
For another example, firing six times at 8Hz takes 6/8 sec. to occur. However, because your camera does not have a shutter speed of 6/8 (0.75) sec., you should set it to the closest slower shutter speed, which is one second.
The following equation can be applied to calculate an appropriate shutter speed:
[Shutter speed]
where the result (shutter speed) must be rounded off to the closest slower shutter speed available with your camera.
[Number of flash per frame]
[Speed of flash (Hz)]
3
Number of repeating flashes per frame (shown with blinking hyphens
SD-7 or SD-8
Flash speed per second
8 10 Hz
20 50 Hz
) : Figures indicate use with External Power Source
Light output amount
1 7 Hz 20 40 80 160
10 20 40 80
8 162040
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Chapter
Repeating Flash Mode
3
Set the same aperture value in the SB-25s LCD Panel
8
that you set on the camera (step 7). For instruction, see Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. An indicator bar appears to show appropriate shooting distance for the selected aperture.
Automatic aperture adjustment: F90-Series/
N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including lat­est D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The aperture in use and an indicator bar are automatically indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel. With other lenses, you must operate manually following steps 8, 9 and 10.
To skip steps 8, 9 and 10, check whether subject stands at the location suggested by the LCDs mea­surement scale. If not, change the aperture by turning the lens aperture ring to adjust the bar.
Finally, perform minus exposure compensation* to prevent overexposure of overlapping imagesuse the aperture ring to choose another aperture one or two stops smaller than indicated above.
* The aperture indicated by the LCD provides a correct exposure with the
very first flash, whereas overlapped images are illuminated from the second flash on. It is advisable to take a few additional shots at differ­ent apertures (exposure bracketing).
If necessary, press or button to reset the indi-
9
cator bar so it points at the measurement scale that matches or nearly equals the actual flash-to-subject distance (can be read this from the lens barrel). Manipulating the indication bar causes aperture value in the LCD panel to change.
Reset aperture value on the camera.
10
Use an aperture one or two stops smaller than the LCD panel indicates. This will prevent overexposure for overlap­ping images (minus exposure compensation).*
* Subject will be correctly exposed with the very first flash, but successive over-
lapping images (form the second flash on) will not be properly exposed, unless you perform minus exposure compensation as indicated in steps 9 and 10. We recommend you take a few additional shots at different apertures (exposure bracketing).
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
11
press the shutter release button to confirm that sub­ject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25 .
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
12
Background brightness and subject overlap
Use as dark a background material as possible (e.g., black curtain or cloth). If the overlapping exposed images are too weak or too strong, try repositioning subject at the location suggested by the indicator bar
(or adjust indicator bar).
Conditions vary for each situation — try experiment-
ing.
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Chapter 4
Flash-Shooting Applications
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FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash Photography At Higher Shutter Speeds
Unlike other Nikon SLR models the F90-Series/N90 camera and the SB-25 allow you to use faster shutter speeds up to 1/4000 sec. for flash synchronization.
Ordinarily the flash fires only when the curtains are fully opened in regular flash syncs. With FP High-Speed Sync Flash, the flash consecutively emits light at an extremely rapid cycle, while the shutter curtains travel to expose the entire film surface but the curtains are never fully opened (i.e. exposure with a slit).
By using a high-speed shutter and flash simultaneously, you can create light flow from a rapidly moving subject.
In outdoor photography, it also enables you to use both a wider aperture and a faster shutter speed to achieve a shal­lower depth of field and purposely blur the subjects back­ground.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Note that a guide number for FP High-Speed Sync Flash varies with the selected shutter speed and it is smaller than for regular flash synchronization (i.e. smaller light output). Furthermore, we recommend you use shutter speeds between 1/250 and 1/4000 sec. to avoid uneven exposure.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Set Up and Practice
2 Flash sync mode
selector at NORMAL
3 ISO
speed of film in use
4 Zoom-head
position
1 Flash mode selector
at Manual Flash
10 Aperture value
5 For select-
and
ing
or
either
Chapter
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
appears in the LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selec-
2
tor)*.
* FP High-Speed Sync Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash
sync mode selector setting; for simplicity, always leave the switch at this posi­tion.
Confirm ISO film speed has been set and appears in
3
the SB-25s LCD panel. ISO speed of film in use is automatically set; if not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the cameras shutter release button.
Confirm the zoom-head position has been set and
4
appears in the SB-25s LCD panel. The zoom-head position is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel when the camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or a Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. Or, set manually according to the shooting situation (see page 29). DO NOT USE THE WIDE FLASH PANEL (zoom head at the 20mm position). When used, , and blink in the LCD panel as an alert.
4
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Press button until appears in the LCD panel,
5
and confirm or appears in the light amount indicator
while LCD indication changes: - - - -
- - - - - -. Next, choose either for FP1 flash operation or for FP2.
Detaching the SB-25
When you take off the Speedlight from the F90­Series/N90 to use it with another camera, be sure to can­cel FP flash operation by pressing the button: con­firm disappears from the LCD panel. If it is removed with FP setting, blinks a warning. The SB-25 will not function normally with the FP setting when mounted to any model other than the F90-Series/N90.
Choose a shutter speed* from 1/250 to 1/4000 sec. on
6
the camera
* Although any shutter speed can be used, an uneven exposure may result with
speeds outside this range.
Set your desired aperture on the camera.
7
Focus on the subject.
8
Look into camera viewfinder and compose shot while lightly pressing the shutter release button.
Confirm aperture and shutter speed in the camera’s
9
viewfinder. Check whether subject is focused by using the in-focus indicator I.
Shifting to other mode
Shutter speed is automatically locked at 1/250 sec., if you have set a shutter speed at 1/250 sec. or faster, then you perform one of the following: a. Switch exposure mode to programmed auto on the
camera, or
b. Change from FP High-Speed Sync to another flash
operation on the Speedlight.
Set the aperture value (from step 7) in the SB-25’s
10
LCD panel. See Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. The aperture value is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel when the camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or a Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. An indicator bar appears to show the appropriate shooting distance.
Chapter
FP High-Speed Sync Flash
In a bright scene
After you have adjusted the camera/flash-to-subject distance (with subject standing at the location repre­sented by indication bar ), readjust indicator bar (from step 11) to the left by one or two steps so the bar indicates a position closer than the actual subject location.
Experience indicates that a small amount of under-
exposure may result in a more pleasing photograph.
To readjust the indicator bar, perform one or a com-
bination of the following adjustments:
1) Pressing button to switch from FP1 ( with ) to FP2.
2) Moving further from the subject.
3) Choose a different number for the zoom-head position (wider angle of coverage).
We recommend that you not manipulate shutter
speed and aperture on the camera.
4
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Confirm subject is at the distance shown by the
11
indicator bar in the SB-25s LCD panel (from step 10). To determine the subject-to-camera distance, read the dis­tance scale on the lens barrel. If the bar location matches the subject-to-camera distance from steps 10 and 11, the subject will be correctly exposed with the selected aperture, shutter speed, and light output amount. If the subject-to-camera distance does not match the appro­priate shooting distance, readjust the indicator bars by:
a. Pressing button to switch from FP1 ( with )
to FP2, or vice versa. The bar location then
moves to show an alternate shooting distance. b. Moving closer to or further from the subject. c. Choose a different number for the zoom-head posi-
tion (altering guide number).
Look into cameras viewfinder again, then compose
12
and lightly press the shutter release button to check that the ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder . Ready-light also appears on the SB-25 .
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
13
Guide number in FP High-Speed Sync Flash
The guide number helps you determine an exact flash­shooting (flash-to-subject) distance for the selected aper­ture (f/stop number). FP guide numbers vary with the ISO film speed in use, shutter speed and zoom-head position.
Use the equation below for your calculations, and check the following chart for guide numbers. This same equation can be applied to determine an appropriate aperture once the distance is known.
[flash-shooting distance] =
For example, in FP1 operation with an aperture of f/4, a shutter speed of 1/500 sec., a zoom-head position of 35mm and a film speed of ISO 100, the chart recommends a guide number of 12 (or 39 for feet):
If measuring in meters;
[flash-shooting distance] =12= 3
if measuring in feet;
[flash-shooting distance] =39= 9.75
Next, adjust subject and flash/camera location for 3 meters, or 9.75 feet, to obtain correct exposure in FP1 flash opera­tion.
[guide number]
[f/stop]
4
4
FP1 guide number (at ISO 100; for meters/feet)
Shutter speed
1/250 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/4000
FP2 guide number (at ISO 100; for meters/feet)
Shutter speed
1/250 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/4000
24mm 28mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm
14/46 15/50 17/56 20/65 23/74 24/77 10/33 11/36 12/39 14/46 16/52 17/56
7/23 7.5/25 8.5/28 10/33 11/36 12/39 5/16 5.3/17 6/20 7/23 8/26 8.5/28
3.5/11 3.7/12 4.2/14 5/16 5.6/18 6/20
24mm 28mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm
10/33 11/36 12/39 14/46 16/52 17/56
7/23 7.5/25 8.5/28 10/33 11/36 12/39 5/16 5.3/17 6/20 7/23 8/26 8.5/28
3.5/11 3.7/12 4.2/14 5/16 5.6/18 6/20
2.5/8.2 2.6/8.5 3/10 3.5/11 4/13 4.2/14
Zoom-head position
Zoom-head position
Chapter
FP High-Speed Sync Flash
Using a film speed other than ISO 100
For film speeds other than ISO 100, multiply the above fig­ures by the factors shown in the following chart.
If the film speed in the previous example had been ISO
400 rather than ISO 100:
[flash-shooting distance] =12x 2 = 3 x 2 = 6
if measuring in feet;
[flash-shooting distance] =39x 2 = 9.75 x 2 =19.5
You should have obtained 6 meters, or 19.5 feet, for correct exposure.
Adjustment factors for other ISO film speeds
ISO film speed
Factor
25 50 100 200 400 800 1600
x 0.5 x 0.7 x 1 x 1.4 x 2 x 2.8 x 4
4
4
4
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Chapter
4
Red-Eye Reduction Control — For Better Flash Portraits
Light from the cameras flash reflects off the interior of the eye through the wide-open pupil and back into the cam­eras lens. The result is a portrait with the subjects eyes bright red, a phenomenon known as red-eye effect.
When used with the F90-Series/N90 camera, the SB-25 fires three pre-flash consecutively before the main flash to reduce the appearance of red eyes.
Red-eye effect can also be affected by the angle at which light flash on the subject and is reflected back to the lens. For further details on red eye, see page 134.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
104
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Hints and Notes
Set Red-Eye Reduction Control on the camera. Confirm appears in the SB-25s LCD panel.
Red-Eye Reduction Control can not be used in Repeating Flash mode.
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash cannot be performed.
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For Natural Light Flows
When used with the F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/ N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and F-601 the SB-25 lets you synchronize the flash to the instant before the rear (second) curtain begins to close. This turns available light into a stream of light that follows the moving, flash-illuminated subject.
Rear-curtain sync flash photography is most effective with slower shutter speeds. You can slow the shutter down to 30 sec., depending on the background situation.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE SHUTTER-PRIORITY AUTO OR MANUAL EXPO-
SURE MODE.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
M/N6000,
Hints and Notes
Select TTL Auto mode.
Choose position (flash mode selector). With the F-601/N6006 and F-601M select REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH on the camera. This sync flash then operates regardless of the SB-25s sync mode setting, either With the F90-Series/N90, although it is possible to select REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH on the camera, the SB-25s sync mode setting will override what is set on the camera.
With the F90-Series/N90, F-601/N6006 and F-601M/ N6000 used in programmed auto or aperture-priority auto exposure mode, the camera automatically controls the shutter speed down to as slow as 30 sec.
In the following cases Rear-Curtain Sync Flash cannot be performed:
1) When using Vari-Program or Red-Eye Reduction Control with an F90-Series/N90 camera.
2) When performing multiple flash photography with an F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/ N8008 or F-801s/ N8008s.
3) When shutter speed dial is set at “T” with an F4­Series camera.
Use a tripod to minimize camera shake.
, Non-TTL Auto or Manual Flash
/N6000, you must
or position.
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Flash Exposure Compensation — To Make Flash-Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker
The SB-25 allows you to manually adjust the amount of flash light in a range from –3 to +1 EV. This feature is partic­ularly useful for balanced fill-flash where flash illumination is sufficient to brighten the subject to almost the brightness of the background.
Sometimes, you may want to use a little more or less flash to make the subject a little brighter or not quite so bright. Your choice may be based on desired aesthetic qualities, or may be forced by extremes in lighting.
Generally speaking, you dont want to make the subject too bright; you just want to brighten shadows. To achieve a subtle fill-flash effect, you may want to use some manually selected minus compensation.
However, when the background is extremely bright, and the subject is in deep shadows, you will probably want to use some plus compensation.
Although the SB-25 is quite powerful, when using it for fill-flash, it is competing with the suns brightness very strong competition.
With Standard TTL Flash you can manually compensate
exposure by adjusting the flash output level.
You can also adjust flash output level for Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, Center-Weighted Fill-Flash or Spot Fill-Flash, in combination with the computers automatic compensation.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-
AL FOCUS (M).
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Set Up and Practice
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm
1
This feature is available only in TTL Auto Flash mode.
in the LCD panel.
Press the button.
2
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
For F-601/N6006 and F-601
Make settings on the camera to control the SB-25’s flash exposure compensation; the SB-25 will works as set on the camera. The SB-25s control buttons and LCD panel cannot be used for setting.
M/N6000 users
Confirm the indicator appears and (zero exposure compensation value) blinks in the LCD panel.
Press buttons for value adjustment.
3
Adjustment can be made while the value indicator is blinking. Simultaneously, the shooting indicator bars change.
Chapter
Press the button again to complete setting.
4
The the value indicator will automatically stop blinking in eight seconds unless you press the button. In this case, the last figure indicated will be set in the SB-25. The exposure compensation value remains in the LCD panel.
To cancel, readjust compensation value to 0 (steps 1
5
and 2), then press button or leave it more than
eight seconds so the indication disappears.
Exposure compensation on the camera
You can make additional compensation for back­ground by using the cameras exposure compensation dial.
For example, with compensation of –2 on the SB-25 and –1 on the camera body, the total compensated value for flash output level is –3, and the compensated value for the background will be –1.
Note that the SB-25 s LCD panel shows only the compensated value of the SB-25.
For further information, see Exposure Compensation with Cameras Dial To Make Background Lighter or Darker, pages 108 and 109.
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Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial — To Make Background Lighter or Darker
Some camera models include an EV compensation control. Using this control you can modify the exposure to make your picture lighter or darker.
To make the picture lighter, use “+” compensation. For darker pictures use “–” compensation. How much compen­sation you choose depends on how much you want to mod­ify the resulting picture.
Since the shooting distance range for TTL Auto Flash varies with the amount of exposure compensation, make sure your subject falls within the range before shooting.
You can use the LCD panel for confirmation by altering the ISO film speed value and observing changes of distance indicator bars .
Hints and Notes
Chapter
Flash exposure compensation
Additional compensation for the subject can be made by using flash exposure compensation control.
For further information, see Flash Exposure Compensation To Make Flash-Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker, pages 106 and 107.
4
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
First, make necessary exposure compensation on the camera. Then, use the chart on the next page, Assumed ISO film speeds, to set an assumed ISO film speed in the SB-25’s LCD panel that corresponds to the actual ISO film speed in use. See Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 and 29.
For TTL Auto Flash, be sure the substituted film speed falls within the range of usable films that ensure correct exposure with your camera.
Confirm whether subject is within the range shown by the shooting distance indicator bars . If not, make necessary adjustments; move farther or closer.
Assumed ISO film speeds
Film speed in use
25
50 100 200 400
800/1000
Exposure compensation value
+3 +2 +1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5
———25 50 100 200 400 800 ——25 50 100 200 400 800 — — 25 50 100 200 400 800 ——
25 50 100 200 400 800 ——— 50 100 200 400 800 ————
100 200 400 800 —————
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Chapter
4
Open Flash Button — For Test Firing
Push the button for a test firing when you are not sure whether the subject is within the flash shooting range.
For test firing, Non-TTL Auto Flash mode is used because reflected flash light from subject is measured by the light sensor on the front of the SB-25 rather than through the lens (TTL) on the camera. The results, however, can be used for TTL-auto flash.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Hints and Notes
Set the SB-25 and your camera in the same manner indi­cated in Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode, pages 80 and 83.
After confirming that the ready-light is on, push the open­flash button and check that the ready-light remains on. If the ready-light blinks, light may be insufficient at the aperture selected. If so, move closer to the subject or select a wider aperture.
Built-In Wide Flash Adapter — For Shorter Focal-Length Lenses
The SB-25 comes with a wide flash adapter to cover the full range of short focal length lenses.
For focal lengths shorter than 24mm, consider using the
wide flash adapter to achieve expanded coverage.
When you use the wide flash adapter, the zoom head is
automatically adjusted and the LCD panel shows
with indication.
While the adapter is used, the automatic zoom-head position adjustment does not function for F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 or F-801s/N8008s cameras, even when used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D­Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
A
B
C
Mounting/Removing wide flash adapter
A.To mount the wide-flash adapter, slide out the adapter
(the diffuser card comes out with it). B.Close only the adapter to cover the head. C.Slide the diffuser back to its original position.
To remove, uncover the adapter and slide back to its origi-
nal position.
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Zoom-Lock Capability — To Fix Zoom-Head Position
A predetermined zoom-head position is useful when you wish to use an AF Nikkor lens or a Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU interchangeably with another type. It also pro­vides flexibility when using lenses of different focal lengths in rapid succession.
Set Up and Practice
Trouble With Wide Flash Adapter
In certain situations, the zoom head may lock at the 20mm position (adapter does not return to original position). If this happens, perform fol­lowing operation.
Although the adjusted zoom-head position and/or indication will blink if the wide flash adapter is stored in its original place, this does not affect nor­mal flash operation.
Chapter
4
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Press and buttons simultaneously for a few
1
seconds until indication starts blinking.
Next, press button only to set desired zoom-head
2
position. This position remains locked as long as the
indication continues blinking.
To unlock, press the same buttons simultaneously for a
3
few seconds until the indication stops blinking or
totally disappears.
Press and buttons
1
simultaneously for a few seconds
until the previously set number and the
indication start blinking.
Automatic zoom-head position adjustment: F90-
Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the lat­est D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
Press only button to set your
2
desired zoom-head position. To resume automatic adjustment with certain camera/lens combinations (see page 30), press button until the indication above disappears.
The SB-25 automatically adjusts the zoom-head position to provide an angle of coverage that matches the focal length of the lens in use. For details, see page 30.
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AF Assist LED — Autofocus Flash Photography in Dim Light
The SB-25s AF assist LED enables you to perform autofo­cus flash photography in dim light or even total darkness with some Nikon AF cameras.
When ambient light is insufficient for autofocus operation, the AF illuminator automatically turns on to start operation and give contrast to a dark subject, allowing the camera’s autofocus system to function as though it were daytime.
If ambient light is sufficient, the AF illuminator does not light up.
Before proceeding:
ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A)
USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE
Hints and Notes
Check that the SB-25s ready-light has come on.
Lightly press the cameras shutter release button to acti-
vates the AF illuminator LED. Do not use autofocus lock function.
In Rear-Curtain Sync Flash with the F-601/N6006, a light pattern from the AF assist LED sometimes affects the pic­ture. To prevent this, confirm that the LED light pattern has disappeared before shooting.
Usable autofocus lenses are: With Nikon F-501/N2020: AF Nikkor lenses from 35mm to 105mm (including the latest D-Type) With other cameras: AF Nikkor lenses from 24mm to 105mm (including the latest D-Type)
Chapter
Notes on AF assist LED
Autofocus distance range with AF assist LED depends on the lens in use and subjects reflection ratio.
For example, with an AF Nikkor 50mm f/1.8 lens (including the latest D-Type lens) and a subject having 35% reflection ratio, you can perform autofocus from approx. 1m (3.3 ft.) to approx. 8m (16.4 ft.), at 20˚C (68˚F).
If the ready-light does not stay on after the AF assist LED activates, replace batteries.
4
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Confirm whether in-focus indicator LED I in the cameras viewfinder appears. If the in-focus indication does not appear inside the viewfinder, the subject is beyond the autofocus distance range (see at right Notes of AF assist LED); focus manu­ally on the clear matte field.
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Power Switch Standby (STBY) Position — To Conserve Energy and Shorten Recycling Time
Setting the power switch to STBY position turns on the SB-25, but the SB-25 will also automatically shut off to con­serve flash battery energy.
When you will not use the SB-25 for a long time, howev-
er, it is recommended to set the power switch to OFF.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Hints and Notes
With the SB-25s power switch on standby (STBY) posi­tion, the unit turns off to conserve energy approx. 80 sec. after the cameras meter has turned off.
To turn the SB-25 on again, lightly press the shutter release button to turn the cameras meter on, or push the SB-25s open-flash button .
When using a remote cord with the FA or FE2 connected to Nikon Motor Drive MD-12, camera remains on as long as the MD-12s power switch is on. In this case, the SB-25 will not turn off in STBY position. Use OFF position to turn it off manually.
You cannot use the STBY position to turn on the SB-25 when using it with an FA, FE2 or FG set on a mechanical shutter setting (M250 or B setting with the FA or FE2, M90 or B setting with FG or Nikonos V). Use ON position to turn it on manually.
Chapter
4
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Chapter
4
Guide Number — To Calculate a Proper Aperture
The guide number helps you determine a correct aperture or f/stop value for using the SB-25s Manual Flash and Repeating-Flash mode. (See Guide number chart, page
139.) Use the following equation for your calculations, and
check the following chart for guide numbers at various film speeds.
[f/stop] =
For example, when shooting a subject located 9 m
(approx. 30 ft.) away at 1/1 (full) light output in (Manual Flash) mode, with a zoom-head position of 35mm and a film speed of ISO 100, you will obtain a guide number of 36 (or
118) from the same chart on page 139.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
[guide number]
[flash-to-subject distance]
If measuring in meters;
[f/stop] =36= 4
Or, if measuring in feet;
[f/stop] =
You should then choose f/4 as the proper aperture.
For films other than ISO 100, multiply the above figures
by the factors shown in the following chart:
Adjustment factors for other ISO film speeds
ISO film speed
Factor
If the film speed in the above example was ISO 400 rather than ISO 100:
[f/stop] =36x 2 = 4 x 2 = 8
Or, if measuring in feet;
[f/stop] =
You should then choose f/8 as the proper aperture.
9
118
= 3.93 ≈ 4
30
25 50 100 200 400 500 1600
x 0.5 x 0.71 x 1 x 1.4 x 2 x 2.8 x 4
9
118
x 2 = 3.93 x 2 = 7.86 ≈ 8
30
Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh Shadows
With a subject in front of a wall, a direct flash causes harsh and unattractive shadows. By bouncing the light off the ceil­ing or walls, or by diffusing the light with card(s) or paper, you can soften harsh shadows and create attractive por­traits.
The SB-25 comes with a built-in diffuser. You can use it alone or with a combination of other reflecting surfaces for advanced application.
There are a few ways to diffuse light:
1. Bounce light off a broad reflective surface such as the ceiling.
2. Use both the ceiling and the built-in diffuser card to create a catchlight for subject's eyes.
3. Use a diffuser between the flash and the subject.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
1. Light can be bounced off the ceiling.
2. Natural-appearing light with a pleasing catchlight in the eyes.
3. Use some translucent material between the flash unit and subject.
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Chapter
90˚90˚
75˚75˚
60˚60˚
45˚45˚
0˚0˚ 7˚7˚
90˚
75˚
60˚
45˚
0˚ 7˚
60˚
0˚
30˚
60˚
90˚
30˚
90˚
180˚
150˚
Diffusing Light
4
Tilting/Rotating flash head
The SB-25s flash head tilts and rotates as shown at right.
The flash head locks at the front/horizontal and vertical
(90° upward) positions. To release, use the tilting or rotat- ing lock release lever.
LCD panel
The LCD panel cannot be used to compute flash shooting distance when the flash head is tilted upward or rotated away from the horizontal/front position. In these cases, the shooting distance indicator bars do not appear in the LCD panel.
The shooting distance indicator bars blink when the flash head is tilted downward to the -7° position. This position is used to shoot a subject within 1.5m (approx. 5 ft.).
For F90-Series/N90 users
In bounce photography with the flash head tilted or rotated, the SB-25 does not fire Monitor Preflash(es), even for 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash operation.
Tilting: up to 90°— front down to –7°
0˚
0˚
30
˚
˚
30
30
˚
˚
60
60
90˚
90˚
120
˚
150
150
˚
˚
30
˚
˚
60
60
˚
˚
90˚
90˚
180˚
180˚
Rotation: to right 90°— front to left 180°
Built-in diffuser card for bounce flash photography
Use the diffuser card to create a catchlight for the sub­jects eyes, an effect that is not always available in bounce flash photography.
The diffuser can be used to provide supplemental light to the face or front of the subject, thereby brightening shad­ows created by top-lighting or bounced flash from the ceiling.
A
B
C
Mounting/Removing diffuser card
A.To mount the diffuser card, slide out the wide flash
adapter; the diffuser card comes out with it. B.Slide the adapter back to its original position. C.To remove, side the diffuser back to its original position.
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Chapter
Diffusing Light
4
Bounce Flash Photography
Bounce flash (above; with ceiling): Soft, natural-looking lighting. Direct flash (below): Harsh, un-flattering lighting
Select a ceiling or wall to bounce the flash from.
The built-in diffuser card can be effective for creating more
natural lighting with a catchlight for the eyes.
Tilt the flash head 60° up (first click-stop) or more to avoid uneven illumination.
In color photography, only use bounce with white sur­faces. Otherwise, color photographs will come out with an unnatural color cast similar to that of the reflecting sur­face.
Choose position (flash mode selector) for TTL Auto Flash operation. Use an aperture a few stops wider than you would use for regular TTL Auto Flash operation. For further instruction, see the TTL Auto Flash Mode section relating to your camera type.
Although the flash mode can be used for Non-TTL Auto Flash, perform a test firing. If the ready-light blinks after testing to indicate possible underexposure at the aperture in use, use a wider aperture or reduce the bounce dis­tance. Then, perform test firing again.
Using a Diffuser
To diffuse light, place a translucent material, such as one or more sheets of tracing paper between the flash and the subject. Avoid using delicate materials for the diffuser, and ensure a sufficient distance between the flash head and diffuser to avoid burns. For optimum results, experiment with different flash-to-dif­fuser distances and with more than one diffuser
In TTL Auto Flash operation, the SB-25 will automatically compensate for the diffuser affect (reduced light amount) in TTL Auto Flash mode. For further instructions, see the TTL Auto Flash Mode section relating to your camera type. Note that the LCD panel cannot be used to compute flash shooting distance in bounce photography.
To protect the diffuser from burning, be sure it does not come in direct contact with the flash head.
Avoid reflection from the translucent material into the lens.
Bracketing your exposures
If possible, take additional shots with different aper­tures and/or exposure compensation techniques for exposure bracketing. Bounce/diffuser techniques reduce the maximum distance available for a given aperture due to the extra distance required for the flash light to travel, or amount of diffusion, or blockage.
Set the cameras exposure compensation dial in the + or – direction (not possible with the F-401x/N5005, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s and FM2) for TTL Auto Flash operation, or with the lens opened up one or two f/stops for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation.
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Close-Up Flash Photography in TTL Auto Flash Mode To Flash On A Very Close Subject
Optional TTL Remote Cord SC-17 or SC-24 lets you perform TTL Auto Flash shooting on a subject closer than 0.6m (2 ft.).
Hints and Notes
Connect the SB-25 to the camera, using the SC-17 or SC-24*.
* Used for F4-Series with the DW-20 or DW-21 attached.
Position the SB-25 so light from the head covers the sub­ject.
Mount the built-in flash adapter. The zoom-head position is automatically adjusted. Confirm the LCD panel shows with indica­tion.
Use aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode.
Choose position (flash mode selector) for TTL Auto
Flash operation. For further instruction, see the TTL Auto Flash Mode section relating to your camera type.
For example, to shoot a subject located 0.5 m away with an ISO 100 film and a wide-flash adapter:
[f/stop]
You can then use an aperture of f/8 or smaller (a larger f­number). As far as conditions allow, you should choose the smallest aperture (as large an f-number) possible.
With a very light- or dark-toned subject, take additional shots with other exposure compensation conditions to ensure a correct exposure. See Flash Exposure Compensation on pages 106 and 107, and Exposure Compensation with Cameras Dial on pages 108 and 109.
0.5
4
= 8
Chapter
ISO film Speed and coefficient
ISO film speed 100 or lower 125 400 500 or higher Coefficient* 4 (14) 8 (26) 11 (36)
* Numbers in parentheses ( ) represents coefficients for foot measurement
system.
4
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Determine the aperture or f/stop value using the following equation and chart, then set on the lens. The SB-25s LCD panel cannot be used to compute shooting distance.
[f/stop]
[coefficient]
[flash-to-subject distance]
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Multiple Flash Photography Using More Than One Speedlight
If you have another flash unit, you can use it as a secondary light source for multiple flash photography. When you use only one flash unit in front of a subject, harsh shadows may be pro­duced or light may not reach the background. Using more than one flash unit helps you solve these prob­lems.
Carefully consider the number of flash units to use and their locations. For better results, position each unit so its light can brighten a shadow cre­ated by another.
See also System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash, pages 130 and 131.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS
F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG
F-501/N2020 Nikonos V
Precaution for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash can be performed in multiple flash photography only with the F-601/N6006 and
M/N6000 cameras.
F-601
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash cannot be performed in multiple flash shooting with F90-Series/N90, F4­Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s cameras.
Chapter
Caution
To avoid damage to flash units or incorrect oper­ation, never mix Nikon Speedlights with flash units of other manufacturers.
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Chapter
Multiple Flash Photography
4
TTL Multiple Flash Photography
Use the TTL multiple flash terminal for connecting other Speedlights via optional sync cords.
You can use one Speedlight for the master flash unit and up to four other units for slaves. See the following chart to confirm available Speedlights for master and slave use.
Note the following when using an F90-Series/N90 camera for TTL Auto Flash operation with multiple Speedlights:
a. Use the SB-25 as a slave flash unit whenever possi-
ble, or
b. When using the SB-25 as master, avoid Monitor
Preflashes* by (1) upward tilting or rotating the flash head (the distance indicator bars disappear), (2) using a lens other than AF Nikkor (including D-
type) or AI-P lenses to perform Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, or (3) performing Standard TTL Flash.
* Because 3D Multi-Sensor and Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash take advan-
tage of the SB-25s Monitor Preflash and the cameras TTL Multi-Sensor, it is difficult to manage such fill-flash operations for TTL Multiple Flash Photography, especially when using the SB-25 as a master flash unit with other slave flash unit(s). The Sensor system is designed to analyze Monitor Preflash reflection from a single SB-25 (ideally, mounted on the camera) and to control light output from that particular unit, but not from the other slave(s).
Use optional Multi-Flash Sync Cord SC-18 (1.5m) and/or SC-19 (3m) to connect flash units via the SB-25s TTL multiple flash terminal. Remove the rubber cover to use.
Use optional TTL Remote Cord SC-17 or SC-24* for use with the SB-23, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18 and/or SB-15 as a master flash unit.
* Used for F4-Series with the DW-20 or DW-21 attached.
Use optional TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 for use with the SB-22, SB-21, SB-20, SB-18 and or SB-15 as a slave flash unit.
Use optional TTL Remote Cord SC-23 for use with the SB-140, SB-14 and/or SB-11.
The SB-11/14/140 (even with SC-23) or SB-21 cannot be used for TTL multiple flash photography with the F-401/ N4004 and F-401s/N4004s.
Use the ON position to activate a slave flash unit; the STBY does not function (SB-25, SB-24, SB-22 and SB-20). The SB-23 offers only OFF and TTL/STBY positions for power switching. This means it cannot be used as a slave.
When a second shot cannot be taken (F90­Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/ N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601M
/N6000, F-401x/
N5005, and F-501/N2020)
For multiple flash photography, if the electronic current in the synchro circuit exceeds a certain level, you may not be able to take a second shot after taking the first shot.
Take care that the combined total of the coefficients (numbers shown in parentheses below) for all Speedlights used at any one time does not exceed 20 at 20°C (68°F), or 13 at 40°C (104°F).
If you are unable to take a second shot, disconnect the master Speedlight from the camera, or turn each of the Speedlights off once. This resets the circuits so you can resume shooting.
Speedlight coefficients
SB-25 (1) SB-24 (1) SB-23 (4) SB-22 (6) SB-21 (4) SB-20 (9) SB-19 (2) SB-18 (16) SB-17 (4) SB-16 (4) SB-15 (4) SB-14 (1) SB-12 (1) SB-11 (1)
Manual Multiple Flash Photography
Use the sync/multiple flash terminal for connection with other Speedlights via optional sync cords.
Use optional Sync Cord SC-11 or SC-15.
Set and use Manual Flash mode on each Speedlight
for correct exposure.
Speedlights for TTL multiple flash photography
Master
Slave
SB-25, SB-24, SB-23, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18, SB-16B or SB-15
SB-25, SB-24, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18, SB-17, SB-16A, SB-16B and/or SB-15
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System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash
SC-14
SC-24
DW-21 DW-20
DA-20 DP-20
SC-17
SB-21A
SB-16A
SB-17
SB-11
SB-14140
SC-23
SB-21B
SB-15
SB-16B
SB-20
SB-22
SB-23
SB-25
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
SB-24
SB-21B
SC-23
SB-11
SB-14140
SB-16B
SB-24SB-22
SB-15
SB-20
AS-10
SB-16A
AS-11
SB-16B
AS-10
SB-24
AS-10
SC-18 SC-19
B
B
A
AS-10
SB-25
SB-25
SB-17
AS-11
SC-18 SC-19
B
SC-18 SC-19
B
SC-18 SC-19
B
Note: The SB-11, SB-14, SB-140 cannot be used with the F-401/N4004 or F-401s/ N4004s either as a master or slave unit.
Slave
flash unit
Chapter
Multiple Flash Photography
Using SC-18 or SC-19, up to five flash units can be used for multiple flash photography, at a total length of 10m (33 ft.).
4
F3-Series
F4-Series
F90-Series/N90
F-801/N8008,
F-801s/N8008s
F-301/N2000 FA FE2 FG
F-601/N6006, F-601
V-Type Sync Cord
M/N6000
Nikonos V
F-501/ N2020
F-401/N4004, F-401s/ N4004, F-401x/N5005
flash unit
Master
SC-18 (1.5m/4.9 ft.) SC-19 (3m/9.8 ft.)
Precaution for SC-19/ SC-18 connection
Neither of these cords should be used for con­necting one camera/ Speedlight combination to another.
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Accessories for TTL Multiple Flash
TTL Remote Cord SC-17
Use coiled cord SC-17 for TTL Auto Flash operation when using the SB-25 off the Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4-Series (with DP-20 or DA-20), F-801/ N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2 and FG cameras.
The SC-17 provides automatic sync speed setting and the same ready-light viewfinder indication as if the flash unit were directly mounted on the camera.
The SC-17 comes with two TTL multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. It is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long.
TTL Remote Cord SC-24
Use SC-24, for TTL Auto Flash operation when using the SB-25 off a Nikon F4-Series camera fitted either with a 6x High-Magnification Finder DW-21 or Waist-Level Finder DW-20.
The SC-24 comes with two TTL multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. It is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long.
M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-501/
Chapter
4
Multiple Flash Photography
TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10
Use Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 when using more than three units for TTL multiple flash operation.
The AS-10 comes with three multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. (Requires SC-18 or SC-19 for each flash use.)
TTL Multi-Flash Sync Cord SC-18 and SC-19
To connect the flash unit for TTL multiple flash operation, use Sync Cord SC-18 or SC-19.
The SC-18 is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long; the SC-19, 3m (9.8 ft.) long.
AS-10
SC-19
Chapter 5
132
SC-17
SC-18
SC-24
Notes on Speedlight
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Chapter
2.5° θ
2.5° θ
5
Red Eye
Red eye is a common problem in flash photography. Normally, flash pictures are taken when the surroundings light is dim, and under such conditions the subjects eye pupils will be dilated (open very wide). Red-eye effect occurs when light from the cameras flash reflects off the interior of the eye and back into the cameras lens. The wide-open pupil allows much light to enter, and as a result, the center portions of a subjects eyes can appear bright red (white in a black and white picture). It is interesting to note that the intensity of the red-eye effect varies among individuals, and with two people in the same photograph, one may have red-eye and the other may not.
The appearance of red-eye is also based on the angle at which the light flash on the subject and is reflected back to the cameras lens. If the angle is 2 to 2.5 degrees or narrow­er, red-eye will occur. As you move closer to a subject, the angle becomes wider, and the likelihood of red-eye effect decreases. As you move farther from a subject, the angle narrows and the incidence of red-eye increases. When you get very far from a subject, the size of the eye in the picture may become so small that red-eye is not apparent, but when you switch to a lens with a longer focal length the red­eye will become more apparent.
Angle of reflection vs. distance to subject
A narrow angle of reflection (θ: less than 2.5°) increases the likelihood of red eye.
It is sometimes possible to reduce red-eye effect by moving closer to the subject, or the right or left, thereby increasing the angle of reflection.
Flash Sync Mode Selector vs. Position
The SB-25 is capable of synchronizing flash output with shutter curtain movement, for either the front (first) curtain or rear (second) curtain.
At position, the Speedlight synchronizes flash output at the moment the front curtain has fully opened (at the end of front curtain movement) but before the rear curtain has started to travel. This is called front­curtain sync flash, and is the most popular sync method in flash photography.
At position, the unit synchronizes the flash to the instant before the rear curtain starts to close (the end of film exposure). Therefore, it is called rear-curtain sync flash.
The position can be chosen to create special effects, and is most effective for freezing a moving subject at the end of a light flow, especially in flash photography at a slow shutter speed.
For F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/ N8008s Users:
Front-curtain sync is performed at setting.
•“Rear-Curtain Sync” flash is performed at setting.
For F-601/N6006 and F-601M
The sync mode, whether front- or rear-curtain, or slow or not, must be set on the camera. The selection is executed regardless of the SB-25s selector position. Therefore, we recommend you leave the selector switch on the
For F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/ N4004, F-401s/ N4004s, FA, FE2, FG, Nikonos V, F3­Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 Users:
Front-curtain sync is performed at either or
setting. These models are not capable of rear-cur­tain sync. Therefore, regardless of circumstances, we recommend you leave the selector switch on position.
position in any circumstances.
/N6000 Users:
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Tips on Speedlight Care
Chapter
5
To remove smudges, wipe with a sili­con-treated or other soft, dry cloth. Never use thinner, benzine or alcohol
they might damage plastic parts.
Never disassemble or repair the
Speedlight. If the SB-25 malfunc­tions, take it immediately to an authorized Nikon dealer or service center.
Keep the SB-25 away from salt water and out of the rain.
Keep the SB-25 away from high tem­peratures, and do not store in a damp place.
When not using the SB-25, remove batteries to avoid damage due to battery leakage. If leakage occurs, take the SB-25 to your nearest Nikon dealer.
When not using the SB-25, perform the following once a month:
1. Install batteries, turn on the SB-25.
2. Wait until the ready-light comes on.
3. Fire flash a few times to refresh the main capacitor and length­en the units life.
4. Turn off the SB-25, and remove the batteries.
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Chapter
5
About Batteries
New batteries
Purchase the newest (freshest) batteries possible.
Temperature
Battery life ratings are based on operation at 20˚C (68˚F). Especially at a lower temperature, battery life is shortened. Keep spare batteries and if possible, use NiCd batteries.
Continuous use
Batteries are drained more quickly by continuous use than by intermittent use.
Storage
Store batteries in a cool, dry place, below 20˚C (68˚F).
Battery brand
Do not mix battery brands or models, or new and old batter­ies.
Disposal
Do not dispose of batteries by burning, and never disas­semble batteries.
NiCd batteries
Compared with regular batteries, NiCd batteries offer a faster recycling time and greater efficiency at low tempera­tures.
Before charging NiCd batteries, thoroughly read the
instructions for the batteries and battery charger.
Batteries with a “+” terminal that exceeds 6mm (0.23) in
diameter cannot be used.
DC Units SD-8/SD-7
Nikon DC Unit SD-8 or SD-7 can be used as an optional external power source to enhance flash capacity and pro­vide faster recycling time.
To use the DC Unit, connect its power cord SC-16 to the SB-25s external power terminal. Even when powered with the DC Unit, the SB-25 still requires batteries inside the flash unit. Do not remove the batteries.
In continuous shooting with the DC Unit, to prevent flash head deterioration caused by heat, do not exceed the maxi­mum number of flash listed below.
It is recommended to rest for more than 10 minutes after firing near the maximum numbers.
Maximum consecutive firing
SB-25 Flash mode
TTL Auto Flash
Non-TTL Auto Flash
Manual Flash
Repeating Flash
15
15 15
15 (at full or 1/2 power) 40 (at 1/4 power or less)
15 15
Maximum number of flash
SD-8
15
15 (at full or 1/2 power) 40 (at 1/4 power or less)
SD-7
Specifications
All performance data are for normal-temperature operation (20° C/68° F).
Electronic construction:
Automatic Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and series circuitry.
Guide number (at ISO 100: for m/ft.):
Light output
1/1 (full)
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16
1/32
1/64
20mm 24mm 28mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm
20/66 30/98 32/105
14/46 21/69 23/75
10/33 15/49 16/52
7/23 10/33 11/36
5/16 7.5/25 8/26
3.5/11 5.3/17 5.7/19
2.5/8.2 3.8/17 4/13
Angle of coverage:
Zoom-head position Horizontal coverage Vertical coverage
20mm 102° 90° 24mm 78° 60° 28mm 70° 53° 35mm 60° 45° 50mm 46° 34° 70mm 36° 26° 85mm 31° 23°
Zoom-head position
36/118
42/138
26/85
30/98
18/59
21/69
13/43
15/49
9/30
10/33
6.4/21
7.5/25
4.5/15
5.3/17
48/157
34/112
24/79
17/56
12/39
8.5/28
6/20
50/164
36/118
25/82
18/59
13/43
9/30
6.3/21
Zoom capability:
Seven settings 20mm (with the built-in wide flash adapter), 24mm, 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 70mm, 85mm; auto power zoom with the Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4­Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s; manually set with other cameras.
Bounce capability:
Flash head tilts down to –7° or up to 90° with click stops; flash head rotates through an arc of 270°, 90° clockwise and 180° counterclockwise with click stops; at front and vertical positions, flash head can be locked
Power source:
Four 1.5 AA-type penlight alkaline-manganese, or 1.2V NiCd batteries; optional Battery Pack SD-8 and SD-7 are available as an external power source.
Power switch:
Three positions are provided OFF, STBY (standby) and ON; at STBY position with Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006,
M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/
F-601 N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG, Nikonos V, FM2 or FG-20, SB-25 turns off automatically when flash unit is not used for approx. 80 seconds, and turns on when camera is turned on.
Flash duration (approx.):
1/1000 sec. @ 1/1 (full) output 1/1100 sec. @ 1/2 output 1/2500 sec. @ 1/4 output 1/5000 sec. @ 1/8 output 1/87000 sec. @ 1/16 output 1/12000 sec. @ 1/32 output 1/23000 sec. @ 1/64 output
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Chapter
Specifications
5
Number of flash and recycling time at manual full light output:
Batteries
AA-type alkaline-manganese
External power source SD-7*
External power source SD-8*
AA-type NiCd 40 times 5 sec. 530 sec. External power
source SD-7* External power
source SD-8*
* With either alkaline-manganese or NiCd batteries installed in the SB-25. **Data measured with fresh batteries. Note: Data for light output at 1/1 (full), no use of AF assist LED and LCD panel illuminator.
C-type alkaline­manganese
AA-type alkaline­manganese
C-type NiCd
AA-type NiCd
Number
of flash
(approx.)
100 times 7 sec. 200 times
300 times 400 times
100 times 200 times 250 times
140 times 1.6 sec.
100 times 1.6 sec. 230 sec.
Minimum recycling
time**
(approx.)
6 sec.
3 sec.
Recycl-
ing time
(approx.)
730 sec. 6 sec.
610 sec. 630 sec.
35 sec. 39 sec. 330 sec.
1.630 sec.
Flash exposure control:
Four flash modes are provided TTL, A, M and Repeating Flash
TTL mode :
Used with F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601
M/N6000, F-401x/
N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V.
Usable aperture range in TTL mode:
f/1.4 to f/22 (at ISO 100).
Shooting distance range in TTL mode:
0.6 20m (2 66 ft.).
A mode
:
For Non-TTL Auto Flash operation, light is measured via light sensor in front of the flash unit.
Usable apertures in A mode:
f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8 and f/11 (at ISO 100)
Shooting distance range in A mode:
0.6 20m (2 66 ft.).
M mode :
For Manual Flash operation, light output amount can be varied from 1/1 (full) to 1/64 output (total of 18 steps in 1/3 increments).
Flash sync mode selector:
position is used for front-curtain sync with
all the cameras listed in this manual.
position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync flash with F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s.
Red-eye reduction control:
Preflashes are fired to reduce the likelihood of red-eye effect when used with F90-Series/N90.
AF assist LED:
In insufficient light, automatically fires LED beam toward subject when performing autofocus with Nikon F90­Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-401/ N4004 or F-401s/N4004s.
Ready-light/Open-flash button :
Indicates recharged battery power (ready-light). In TTL Auto and Non-TTL Auto Flash mode, indicates possible underexposure by blinking. In Non-TTL Auto Flash mode, can be used as a test-firing button for light­amount detection. In Repeating Flash mode, can be used as a test-firing button for preset strobo flashes.
Built-in diffuser card:
In bounce flash photography application, creates natu­ral lighting for catchlight in subjects eyes.
Mount pin:
Fixes F90-Series/N90 on the hot shoe.
LCD panel illuminator:
Activated with button. Illumination lasts approx. eight seconds; same button turns illumination off.
Flash shooting distance scale:
Measurement systems can be switched between meters and feet using the lever inside the battery chamber.
FP High-Speed Sync flash:
Available with the F90-Series/N90. Enables higher shut­ter speeds (1/250 sec. or faster) for flash synchroniza­tion.
Monitor Preflash:
Available with F90-Series/N90 cameras when used with an AF Nikkor lens.
Other features:
External power source terminal, TTL multiple flash ter­minal and Sync/multiple flash terminal.
Dimensions (W x H x D):
Approx. 79 x 135 x 101mm (3.1 x 5.3 x 4.0 in.)
Weight (without batteries):
Approx. 380g (13.4 oz.)
Accessory provided:
Soft Case SS-24
Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice.
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Usable Aperture/Flash Shooting Distance Ranges In TTL Auto
and Non-TTL Flash Modes
Chapter
5
ISO film speed Shooting distance range (in meters)
1600 800 400 200 100 50 25
2.8 2 1.4 2.5 20 3.8 20 4.0 20 4.5 20 5.2 20 6.0 20 6.3 20 4 2.8 2 1.4 1.8 20 2.7 20 2.9 20 3.2 20 3.7 20 4.3 20 4.5 20
5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1.3 14 1.9 20 2.0 20 2.3 20 2.6 20 3.0 20 3.2 20 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 0.9 10 1.4 15 1.5 16 1.6 18 1.9 20 2.2 20 2.2 20
11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 0.7 7.0 1.0 10 1.0 11 1.1 13 1.4 14 1.5 16 1.6 17
f/ stopf/ stop
16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 0.6 5.0 0.7 7.5 0.7 8.0 0.8 9.0 1.0 10 1.1 12 1.1 12 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 0.6 3.5 0.6 5.3 0.6 5.6 0.6 6.3 0.7 7.4 0.8 8.4 0.8 8.8 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 0.6 2.5 0.6 3.7 0.6 4.0 0.6 4.5 0.6 5.2 0.6 6.0 0.6 6.2
32 22 16 11 8 5.6 0.6 1.7 0.6 2.6 0.6 2.8 0.6 3.2 0.6 3.7 0.6 4.2 0.6 4.4
32 22 16 11 8 0.6 1.2 0.6 1.8 0.6 2.0 0.6 2.3 0.6 2.6 0.6 3.0 0.6 3.1
ISO film speed Shooting distance range (in feet)
1600 800 400 200 100 50 25
2.8 2 1.4 8.2 60 12 60 13 60 15 60 17 60 20 60 21 60 4 2.8 2 1.4 5.7 60 8.7 60 9.3 60 11 60 12 60 14 60 15 60
5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 4.1 46 6.2 60 6.6 60 7.4 60 8.6 60 9.8 60 10 60 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 2.8 32 4.4 49 4.7 52 5.2 58 6.1 60 7.0 60 7.2 60
11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 2.1 23 3.1 34 3.3 37 3.7 41 4.3 48 4.9 55 5.1 58 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 2.0 16 2.2 24 2.4 26 2.6 29 3.0 34 3.5 39 3.6 41 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2.0 11 2.0 17 2.0 18 2.0 20 2.2 24 2.5 27 2.6 29 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.0 8.2 2.0 12 2.0 13 2.0 14 2.0 17 2.0 19 2.0 20
32 22 16 11 8 5.6 2.0 5.7 2.0 8.6 2.0 9.2 2.0 10 2.0 12 2.0 13 2.0 14
32 22 16 11 8 2.0 4.1 2.0 6.1 2.0 6.5 2.0 7.3 2.0 8.6 2.0 9.8 2.0 10
:Programmed TTL Auto Flash with Nikon F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s. :Non-TTL Auto Flash mode.
Usable film speeds depend on the camera model used.
Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set
at 20mm at 24mm at 28mm at 35mm at 50mm at 70mm at 85mm
Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set
at 20mm at 24mm at 28mm at 35mm at 50mm at 70mm at 85mm
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No reproduction in any form of this manual, in whole or in part (except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews), may be made without written authorization from NIKON CORPORATION.
N
NIKON CORPORATION
FUJI BLDG., 2-3, MARUNOUCHI 3-CHOME, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100, JAPAN PHONE: 81-3-3214-5311 TELEX: NIKON J22601 FAX: 81-3-3201-5856
Printed in Japan 9&033-CO02 (S603)
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