Nikon SB-25 AF SPEEDLIGHT Instruction Manual

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Page 1

Autofocus Speedlight

Instruction Manual

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Page 2

FOREWORD

Thank you for purchasing the Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-25. Used with Nikon’s newest SLRs (F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006,

M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-401/N4004 and F-401s/

F-601 N4004s), it offers you the most advanced and complete system for automatic flash photography available.

To get the maximum performance from your new SB-25,

be sure to take time to read the instruction manual carefully.

The Nikon N90, N8008, N8008s, N6006, N6000, N5005, N4004 and N4004s are sold exclusively in the U.S.A. The Nikon N2020 and N2000 are sold exclusively in the U.S.A. and Canada.

For Effective Use of This Manual

Using this manual is simple. Read the pages with shaded index tabs indicating your camera name. These index tabs lead you to all of the information you need to learn about using the SB-25 with your camera.

The SB-25 and today’s newest Nikon models offer exceptionally high performance. They include more features than ever before, all of which can help you make great pictures.

Because there are so many features, the instruction manual is extensive, and may seem a little intimidating. We urge you, however, to thoroughly read the manuals before you begin using the SB-25. That way you will be fully familiar with the features and the way they work.

For the convenience of latest Nikon SLR users, the SB-25 offers automatic adjustment functions when used with certain lenses. Automatic operations is detailed beside manual operation in shaded boxes with mark.

By becoming thoroughly familiar with the SB-25, you will be able to use its advanced features more effectively and enjoy great results from the very beginning.

F90-Series/N90 Users

F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users

F-601/N6006 and F-601

M/N6000 Users

F-401x/N5005 Users

F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users

F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users

FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users

F3-Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 Users

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Table Of Contents

FOREWORD

For Effective Use of This Manual.....................................2

Table of Contents ....................................................4 — 5

Chapter 1: Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus Speedlight

Nomenclature...........................................................8 — 9

Main Features/Functions —

SB-25’s Flash Capabilities ..............................10 — 17

Fully Automatic Fill Flash ...................................10 — 13

Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash.............................11

“TTL Multi-Sensor” Automatic Balanced

Fill-Flash With F90-Series/N90 ........................12

FP High-Speed Sync Flash..................................13 — 14

Rear-Curtain Sync Flash ..............................................15

Red-Eye Reduction Control...........................................16

Repeating Flash..........................................................16

SB-25 Feature Comparison: Flash Operations

Available with Your Camera .....................................17

Chapter 2: Before Flash Shooting

WARNING — TO AVOID INJURY..................................20

CAUTION — TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO

THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT ..........................................20

Getting Started — SB-25 Set-Up........................20 — 23

Selecting Measurement System,

Meters or Feet ........................................................21

Installing Batteries ............................................21 — 22

Attaching Flash Unit to the Camera

Accessory Shoe.............................................22 — 23

Checking Battery Power ..............................................23

Adjustment Functions — Using LCD Panel

and Built-in Functions .....................................24 — 30

Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/

Front Position ...............................................24 — 25

Using LCD Panel For Shooting-

Distance Computation....................................26 — 30

Setting ISO Film Speed

(Manual Adjustment)...............................27 — 28

Setting Aperture Value

(Manual Adjustment)...............................28 — 29

Setting Zoom-Head Position

(Manual Adjustment)...............................29 — 30

Chapter 3: Shooting Practice in Flash Modes

TTL Auto Flash Mode — Fill-Flash with

Automatically Compensated Flash Output ...32 — 79

For F90-Series/N90 Camera Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......33 — 39

For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s

Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......40 — 47

For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......48 — 56

For F-401x/N5005 Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......57 — 63

For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......64 — 69

For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......70 — 75

For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users:

Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......76 — 79

Non-TTL Auto Flash

with Varied Lens Apertures.............................80 — 83

Manual Flash Mode — Manual Light-

Output Control .................................................84 — 89

Synchronization in Continuous Shooting........................89

Repeating Flash Mode — For Multiple

Exposure...........................................................90 — 95

Mode — Shooting

Chapter 4: Flash-Shooting Applications

FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash Photography

At Higher Shutter Speeds .............................98 — 103

Guide number in FP High-Speed Sync Flash .....102 — 103

Red-Eye Reduction Control — For Better

Flash Portraits..........................................................104

Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For Natural

Light Flows...............................................................105

Flash Exposure Compensation — To Make Flash-

Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker........106 — 107

Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial —

To Make Background Lighter or Darker....108 — 109

Open Flash Button — For Test Firing ................110

Built-In Wide Flash Adapter — For Shorter

Focal-Length Lenses...............................................111

Zoom-Lock Capability — To Fix Zoom-Head

Position .........................................................112 — 113

Trouble With Wide Flash Adapter ............................113

AF Assist LED — Autofocus Flash Photography

in Dim Light ..................................................114 — 115

Power Switch Standby (STBY) Position — To

Conserve Energy and

Shorten Recycling Time ..............................116 — 117

Guide Number — To Calculate

a Proper Aperture....................................................118

Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh

Shadow ..........................................................119 —123

Bounce Flash Photography.....................................122

Using a Diffuser ....................................................123

Close-Up Flash Photography in

TTL Auto Flash Mode — To Flash

On A Very Close Subject .............................124 — 125

Multiple Flash Photography — Using More

Than One Speedlights .................................126 — 132

TTL Multiple Flash Photography ..................128 — 129

Manual Multiple Flash Photography ........................129

System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash ............130 — 131

Accessories for TTL Multiple Flash..........................132

Chapter 5: Notes on Speedlight

“Red Eye” .....................................................................134

Flash Sync Mode Selector vs.

Position.....................................................................135

Tips on Speedlight Care..................................136 — 137

About Batteries............................................................138

Specifications ..................................................139 — 141

Usable Aperture/Flash Shooting Distance

Ranges In TTL Auto And Non-TTL

Flash Modes.............................................................142

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Chapter 1

Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus Speedlight

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Nomenclature

Chapter

Built-in diffuser card

Built-in wide flash adapter

Battery chamber lid

Slide and lift to open.

Flash head tilting lock release lever

Meter/Feet select lever (inside battery chamber)

Battery chamber

Accepts four 1.5V AA-type penlight batteries, either

1.5V alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd batteries (voltage for NiCd batteries varies depending on manufacturer; maximum permitted is 1.5V).

Flash head

Locks at the front position and the 90˚ position; tilts up to 90° and down to –7°; rotates 90° to the right and 180° to the left.

Autofocus assist illuminator LED

Enables autofocus operation in dim light or total darkness.

Light sensor for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation

In Non-TTL Auto Flash operation, be careful not to cover or otherwise obstruct the sensor.

External power source terminal

Accepts power cord of Nikon DC unit SD-8/SD-7.

Mounting foot locking wheel

Mount pin

Hot-shoe contacts

Mounting foot

Tilting angle scale

Rotating angle scale

Terminal cover

Keep terminal covered when not in use.

TTL multiple flash terminal

For TTL-exposure-control multiple flash operation.

Sync/multiple flash terminal

For manual-exposure multiple flash operation.

Flash head rotating lock release lever

LCD panel

See page 26.

Control buttons

See page 26.

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Main Features/Functions — SB-25’s Flash Capabilities

The SB-25 is a most versatile Speedlight which offers variety of convenient features to enhance your flash photography. To understand these features/function will help you operate the SB-25 easily, therefore, enjoy more options and creative possibilities. Each of following topics cover particular Nikon SLR models:

• Fully Automatic Fill Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,

F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 N6000 and F-401x/N5005

• Standard TTL Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 N6000, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V

• FP High-Speed Sync Flash: F90-Series/N90

• Rear-Curtain Sync Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,

F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and F-601

M/N6000

• Red-Eye Reduction Control: F90-Series/N90

• Repeating Flash: All the Nikon SLR models covered in

this manual

Fully Automatic Fill Flash

Generally performed at night or in dim light, flash photography can also be used to reduce shadows in pictures shot in bright sunlight, resulting in a pleasing, more natural effect.

Using a flash this way, with ambient light, is called “fill-

flash.” When used with the SB-25, many Nikon SLR cam-

eras provide Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash, to automatically keep flash brightness in balance with the ambient light.

Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash

Thanks to a computer-controlled exposure meter (multisegment sensor) and TTL (through-the-lens) sensor, shutter speed, aperture, and even flash output can be automatically controlled to keep both subject and background in correct exposure.

In Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, the camera’s Matrix

Metering System (i.e., multi-segment sensors) determines the correct exposure based on ambient light. Flash output is then controlled with the center-bottom-weighted TTL sensor which monitors light reflection from the film surface and regulates timing to terminate output in realtime with flash illumination. This way, flash illumination brightens the scene (mainly foreground subject), but does not overpower the ambient light exposure (background).

Chapter

The result is brighter shadows, sharper details and more vivid colors. Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash operates in virtually all light conditions within the camera’s metering range and available synchronized shutter speeds. Operation is fast and automatic, while it allows manual operation for exposure compensation techniques to vary fill-flash effects.

Center-Weighted Fill-Flash operates when you switch the metering system to Center-Weighted. This metering system measures the entire scene and emphasizes its reading on the center area. By pointing the center-weighted area at different parts of the scene, you can choose which brightness level you want for basic available-light exposure.

By selecting Spot Metering System, Spot Fill-Flash operates in a similar manner as Center-Weighted Fill-Flash, although the meter reads a narrower center area, or “spot.”

Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash

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“TTL Multi-Sensor” Automatic Balanced FillFlash with F90-Series/N90

After you depress the shutter release button and prior to the shutter being activated, the SB-25 fires a series of nearly invisible preflash, or Monitor Preflash.

These preflash are detected by the F90-Series/N90’s TTL multi-sensor, analyzed for brightness and contrast, then integrated with distance information from the lens (D-type Nikkor) and other exposure control information for a balanced fill-flash exposure.

3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be performed with any built-in metering system, and is most effectively used to achieve correct exposure in scenes that include:

• A mirror, white wall or other surface with extremely high reflectivity

• Obstacle(s) in front of subject you wish to avoid

• Sunlight

• Subject against an “infinite” background (empty sky, clouds, etc.)

With non-D-type AF or AI-P Nikkor lenses, Multi-Sensor

Balanced Fill-Flash will be performed. Although the TTL multi-sensor does not process distance information, the advanced sensor system generally provides superior results to Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash.

3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash photography: particularly effective for subject standing against a shiny object.

Standard TTL Flash

It is possible to manually select a flash compensation level instead of having the computer do it automatically. Simply press the SB-25’s button to cancel Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash.

The camera’s computer-controlled TTL flash sensor detects the total amount of light passing through the lens and reflected from the film surface. The system controls flash output so that the combination of ambient light and flash illumination will result in a correct exposure.

Under bright-light conditions, the flash is automatically controlled to provide less light; under dim light conditions, it will produce more light.

This system is not designed to automatically provide a balance between flash and ambient light; it is limited to efficient operation in dim-light conditions and is not recommended for use in very bright lighting conditions. This system does not directly link the ambient light meter and the flash’s TTL meter.

Chapter

Main Features/Functions

FP High-Speed Sync Flash

The SB-25 is capable of flash synchronization at shutter speeds of 1/250 sec. or faster when used with the new F90Series/N90. Unlike other flash synchronization methods, the flash consecutively emits light at an extremely rapid cycle and exposure begins with the opening of the front (first) curtain and ends with the closing of the rear (second) curtain.

FP High-Speed Sync Flash: Allows a wider aperture, thus, shallower depth of field for a blurred background.

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F R F R

F R

The combination of high shutter-speed range and flash sync capability provides you with more options for flash photography in day-light conditions. It enables you to use a wider aperture to blur the subject’s background (create a shallow depth of field), light up shadowed areas in outdoor photography, or even create light flow for fast moving subjects.

SB-25 sync flash

Light output

FP High-Speed

Sync Flash

Front-curtain sync flash Rear-curtain sync flash

Chapter

Main Features/Functions

Rear-Curtain Sync Flash

FP high-speed sync flash is only available in the SB-25’s Manual flash mode when using the F90-Series/N90. For details, see “FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash Photography At Higher Shutter Speeds” on page 98.

X: Time duration Y: Shutter curtain movement

: Front-curtain movement : Rear-curtain movement

1: Film surface is exposed to

flash light throughout the entire duration.

2: Film surface is exposed to

flash light for only part of the time that the curtain are open.

In “normal” flash synchronization, the flash fires at an early stage of exposure (i.e., front-curtain sync). At slow shutter speeds with a moving subject, this results in unnatural light patterns.

For more natural lighting, use Rear-Curtain Sync. With this method, the flash fires at a later stage of the exposure, just before the rear, or second, shutter curtain starts to close (i.e., rear-curtain sync), turning available light into a stream of light that follows the flash-illuminated moving subject. Rear-Curtain Sync is available with the F90Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and F-601

M/ N6000.

For more details, see “Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For Natural Light Flow,” page 105 and “Flash Sync Mode Selector

vs. ,” page 135.

A slow shutter speed could create light flow from a moving subject. Rear-Curtain Sync Flash catches him/her with natural-looking light stream.

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Chapter

Main Features/Functions

Red-Eye Reduction Control

“Red eye” effect occurs in flash photography when flash pictures are taken in dim surroundings where the subject’s eye pupils will be dilated (opened very wide). Light from the camera’s flash reflects off the interior of the eye through the wide-open pupil and back into the camera’s lens; the result in the photo appears as bright red eyes.

The SB-25 fires three consecutive flash prior to the main flash. This causes the subject’s pupils to constrict (become smaller), reducing the appearance of red-eye.

The F90-Series/N90 offers this exclusive Red-Eye Reduction Control to control preflash, for use in any flash mode, except Repeating Flash mode. For more details and setting operation, see page 104, and the camera’s instruction manual.

Red-eye effect can also be controlled by the angle at which light strikes the subject and is reflected back to the camera’s lens. For further details, see “Red Eye,” page 134.

Repeating Flash SB-25 Feature Comparison: Flash Operations Available with Your Camera

When used with any Nikon SLR, the SB-25 is capable of strobo-effect multiple flash exposure at up to 160 flash per frame; it also allows control of the amount of flash light output. Operation becomes simple once you learn how to match the number and speed of flash to your desired shutter speed.

For details, see “Repeating Flash Mode — For

Multiple Exposure,” pages 90 to 95.

Repeating flash mode offers “strobo effect,” multiple exposure on a single frame.

For details regarding your camera, see pages:

1) 33 to 39. 2) 40 to 47. 3) 48 to 56. 4) 57 to 63.

5) 64 to 69. 6) 70 to 75. 7) 76 to 79.

TTL Auto Flash 32 – 79

3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash ✗ Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash ✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ 3)✗ Center-Weighted Fill-Flash ✗ 1)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ 3)✗ Spot Fill-Flash ✗ Programmed TTL Auto Flash ✗ 5)✗ 5)✗ 6)✗

Standard TTL Flash ✗ 1)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ Non-TTL Auto Flash 80 – 83 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Manual Flash 84 – 89 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Repeating Flash (strobo effect) 90 – 95 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ FP High-Speed Sync Flash 98 – 103 ✗ Red-Eye Reduction Control 104 ✗ Rear-Curtain Sync Flash 105 ✗✗✗✗✗✗ Flash Exposure Compensation 106 – 107 ✗✗✗✗✗✗ Open Flash Button (test firing) 110 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Built-in Wide Flash Adapter 111 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Zoom-Lock Capability 112 – 113 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ AF Assist LED 114 – 115 ✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ Standby Position (power switch) 116 – 117 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗ Bounce Flash (built-in diffuser card) 119 – 123 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Close-up Photography (TTL Auto Flash) 124 – 125 ✗✗✗✗ ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ Multiple Flash Photography 126 – 132 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗

F90-Series/N90

See pages

✗

F4-Series

F-801/N8008

✗ 2)✗

F-801s/N8008s

F-601/N6006

/N6000

F-401x/N5005

F-601

✗ 5)✗ 5)✗ 6)✗ 6)✗ 7)✗ 7)✗ 7)✗

F-401/N4004

F-501/N2020

F-301/N2000

F-401s/N4004s

FE2

F3-Series

Nikonos V

F2-Series

FM2

FG-20

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Chapter 2

Before Flash Shooting

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Chapter

WARNING — TO AVOID INJURY

• DO NOT FIRE FLASH NEAR THE EYES: Firing the flash light very close to any person’s eyes can injure the retina, thereby weakening eyesight or causing blindness.

• DO NOT TOUCH THE FLASH HEAD WHEN FIRING THE SB-25: The flash head generates significant heat during normal operation, which may cause burns. Also, when using the flash, keep delicate materials away from the flash head.

CAUTION — TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT

• DO NOT MIX OR USE THE SB-25 WITH OTHER MANUFACTURER’S CAMERAS, FLASH UNITS, OR ACCESSORIES (INCLUDING EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES): Nikon is not responsible for malfunctions or other problems resulting from use of this product with any equipment other than Nikon brand products.

PROPER CARE AND STORAGE OF THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT

• SEE PAGES 136 AND 137, “Tips on Speedlight Care.”

BATTERIES: CARE AND CAUTION

• SEE PAGE 138, “About Batteries.”

Getting Started — SB-25 Set-Up

This section introduces preparations for using the SB-25, such as installing batteries, attaching flash unit to your camera, and finally, turning the unit on. Follow these steps in order, especially when using for the first time. This section should serve as a practical guide for later reference.

ABNORMAL LC (LIQUID CRYSTAL) DISPLAY AND MALFUNCTIONING

In certain cases, due to normal characteristics of the built-in microcomputer, the speedlight may not operate or an abnormal display may appear, even with fresh, properly installed batteries.

If this occurs, turn off flash and remove the batteries, then reinstall batteries and turn the power on. This should properly reset the computer.

Selecting Measurement System, Meters or Feet

Slide the battery chamber cover in

the > direction and lift to open.

Slide the meter/feet lever (small

switch in the mouth of the chamber) to select desired indication (m or ft.); this will appear in the LCD panel while the speedlight is in use. The lever is preset to meters (m) when shipped from the factory.

Installing Batteries

Load four 1.5V AA-type penlight

alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd batteries into the battery chamber. Be sure to follow the indication inside the chamber to ensure the batteries are properly loaded.

Using an external power source

For an external power source, use optional Nikon DC Unit SD-7 or SD-8. For battery information, see page

138.

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Chapter

Getting Started

Close the battery chamber lid,

then slide cover to close.

Attaching Flash Unit to Camera Accessory Shoe

Turn the SB-25’s mounting foot

locking wheel to the loosened position as far as it goes, without forcing.

For Nikon F3 Series users

The SB-25 can only be mounted on an F3 Series camera that uses a DE-2 or DE-3 finder. Be sure to attach Flash Unit Coupler AS-4 or AS-7 to the camera’s accessory shoe before mounting the SB-25 on the camera.

Slide the mounting foot forward

onto the camera’s accessory

shoe as far as it goes.

Checking Battery Power

Tighten the locking wheel, taking

care not to over-tighten.

Precaution for Nikon F90-Series/N90 users

As the locking wheel is tightened, the SB-25 is firmly attached to the accessory shoe with the mount pin. Be extra careful that the locking wheel is completely loosened before removing the flash unit from the camera or it may cause damage to both units.

Set power switch to STBY (stand-

by position) or ON to turn on the speedlight. If batteries are properly installed/ power is sufficient, ready-light will come on, and LCD indications will appear.

LCD figures and symbols for meters (m) and feet (ft) do not appear simultaneously, as shown above. They are shown together throughout this manual for ease of explanation.

Replace batteries with a fresh set:

With alkaline-manganese batteries — replace if readylight takes more than 30 sec. to light up. With NiCd batteries — remove if ready-light takes more than 10 sec. to light up.

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Adjustment Functions — Using LCD Panel and Built-in Functions

Tilting/rotating flash head, built-in zoom head, LCD panel and control buttons for aperture/distance computation...

The SB-25 features many convenient functions. Proper use will help you perform successful flash photography in every situation.

Before practice, you should understand the adjustments and reasons behind them. Once you have learned them, you can make the most of the SB-25 for all kinds of flash techniques.

Operation can be controlled manually or automatically, depending on which Nikon SLR model is used. Manual operation is described for each feature, then automatic adjustment features are described within the boxed sections (with a mark). Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/Front Position

In “normal” shooting situations, the flash head should face straight forward, tilted in the horizontal position. A tilted/rotated head can be used for special techniques such as close-ups or bounce flash photography.

Tilting/Rotating flash head to a position other than horizontal and straight forward

Downward-tilted flash head (-7° position) is used for taking pictures of subjects at a distance of less than

1.5m (approx. 5 ft.). When the head is set at this position, the distance indicator bars blink.

An upward-tilted and/or rotated flash head is used

for bounce flash photography. When the head is set this way, the distance indicator bars do not appear, to show the distance indication function is not available.

See “Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh Shadows,” pages 119 to 123, for information on bounce flash photography.

Tilt the flash head to the horizontal, until it click-stops.

The flash head locks both at the horizontal, facing straightforward (0° degree), and at the vertical, facing straight-up (90° degrees). To release from the locked position, slide the lock release lever in the > direction, then, while holding the lever, tilt the flash head.

Adjust the flash head so it faces straight forward —

check that it is not rotated to the right or left. To unlock from the forward position, slide the lock release lever in P direction, then, while holding the lever, rotate flash head to either the right or left.

Chapter

Confirm indicator bars appear in the flash shoot-

ing distance scale (LCD panel). Bars do not appear or will blink if the flash head is not set horizontal and straight ahead. If indicator bars do not appear in the LCD panel at all, check whether the camera is turned on. If it is, lightly press the shutter release button. If not, turn on the camera, then lightly press the shutter release button. Indicator bars appear for eight seconds once activated (they disappear after eight seconds). Lightly pressing the shutter release button causes the bars to reappear.

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Chapter

Adjustment Functions

Using LCD Panel For Shooting-Distance Computation

Note: All LCD (liquid crystal display) figures and marks do not appear simultaneously, as shown below. They are shown together for ease of explanation.

Flash sync mode selector

Flash mode indicator

Film speed/Repeating flash indicator

Flash shooting distance scale

Zoom-head position indicator

Aperture indicator

Zoom button

Ready-light/open-flash button Power switch

Adjustment buttons

LCD panel

Flash mode selector

for Non-TTL Auto Flash expo-

sure control

for Manual Flash exposure con-

trol

for repeating flash

for TTL Auto Flash exposure

control

Exposure compensation indicator

Underexposure indicator

Exposure compensation/ underexposure value

Red-eye reduction control indicator

Light amount indicator

M button

Illuminator button

Select button

Confirming flash shooting distance is an indispensable step for successful flash photography. The SB-25 can be used to compute the appropriate distance range.

An appropriate flash shooting distance is determined

using the following variables:

• ISO FILM SPEED IN USE

• APERTURE VALUE

• ZOOM-HEAD POSITION

Indicator bars will appear to show a proper shooting distance range only after all those variables have been set in the LCD panel.

Automatic ISO film speed adjustment: F90Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/

N8008s

No manual adjustment is required with these camera models, because ISO speed of film in use is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

When a film is not installed in the camera, ISO 100 is

indicated.

If no indication shows in the LCD panel, lightly press

the camera’s shutter release button.

Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment)

Push button so a film speed number starts blink-

ing beside the indication in the LCD panel.

Press adjustment button or to set the film

speed.

Operation in Repeating Flash Mode

Setting of ISO film speed is not required. The repeating flash indicator appears in the place of the film

speed indicator. For details, see pages 90 to 95.

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Chapter

Adjustment Functions

When the desired number

appears, press button to complete setting. The indication will stop blinking. The film-speed indicator blinks during adjustment, and stops blinking after eight seconds unless an adjustment is made with an adjustment button. The last blinking number is automatically set in this case.

Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment)

Automatic aperture

adjustment: F90-Series/ N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

No manual adjustment is required with these camera/lens combinations, because the controlled aperture is automatically

Push button so an aperture

value number starts blinking beside the indication in the LCD panel.

Press adjustment button or

When camera is in programmed auto or shutter-priority exposure mode, be sure to use an aperture indicated in the camera’s viewfinder (a “controlled aperture”). In general, first set the aperture on the camera, then use the same value for the SB-25.

to set the aperture value.

set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel (except in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode).

When the desired number

appears, press button to complete the setting. The indication will stop blinking. The aperture-value indicator blinks during adjustment, and stops blinking after eight seconds unless an adjustment is made with an adjustment button. The last blinking figure is automatically set in this case.

Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment)

Press the button until the number in the LCD panel shows the focal length of the lens in use or shorter. When using a zoom lens other than AF Zoom Nikkor, set the shortest focal length of the lens to determine the zoom-head position that covers the full zoom length range.

Also, refer to page 139 on “Angle of coverage,” an angle which flash light can cover in a zoom-head position.

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Automatic zoom-head position adjustment: F90-

Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

No manual adjustment is required with these camera/ lens combinations, because the SB-25 automatically adjusts the zoom-head position to provide an angle of coverage that matches the focal length of the lens in use.

With an AF Nikkor lens of fixed focal length (including the latest D-Type), the zoom head automatically adjusts to the closest available wider focal length setting.

With a zoom lens, the zoom head automatically adjusts within the limits of the available coverage (from 24mm to 85mm).

You must set zoom-head position manually when using your camera with other lenses or to select a specifically desired position.

Chapter

Adjustment Functions

For manual adjustment (with same camera/lens combinations as above)

Press button until your desired zoom-head position appears in the LCD panel, and note the small above the (shown as ). Automatic adjustment will resume when the disappears.

Chapter 3

Shooting Practice and Flash Mode

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Page 17

TTL Auto Flash Mode — Fill-Flash with Automatically Compensated Flash Output

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users

Chapter

In TTL Auto Flash mode, the SB-25 Speedlight can be used for just about any shooting situation, from bright scenes to dim lights. For precisely controlled exposures in wider brightness ranges or more complex conditions, you can use fill-flash techniques with automatic operation and/or advanced user-controlled options.

The SB-25’s TTL Auto Flash mode offers even more flash applications and options, such as flash synchronization with slow shutter speeds (slow sync flash), bounce flash and creative close-up photography.

Even simple snap shots can be taken with a sophisticated touch. By setting the SB-25 to TTL Auto flash mode, you can enjoy flash photography that is simple, yet the most advanced available.

Using this flash mode with your camera

The SB-25 works in different ways, depending on which camera it is used with. TTL Auto Flash mode, in particular, offers several noteworthy features that vary from one model to another. Be sure to read “Fully Automatic Fill-In Flash,” pages 10 through 13, to become familiar with these SB-25 capabilities.

Use the following chart to locate pages relevant to your

camera model and the flash operation you wish to use.

TTL Auto Flash Mode: See pages

For N90/F90 Users 33 — 39

For F4-Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8000s

Users 40 — 47

For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users 48 — 56

For F-401x/N5005 Users 57 — 63

For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users 64 — 69

For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users 70 — 75

For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V users 76 — 79

For F3-Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 users

No information is provided for these models in this section, because they do not function in TTL Auto Flash mode.

Choosing A Flash Method

The SB-25 enables you to perform any of the following fully automatic fill-flash functions, or choose Standard TTL Flash. (Functions are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.):

• 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash

• Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash

• Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

• Spot Fill-Flash

Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you will perform with the lens in use and metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the lens/meter combination determines the flash method.

If you have extra lens(es), you may be able to select a particular flash method. For example, by replacing a D-Type AF Nikkor with an AI-P lens, you can switch from 3D MultiSensor to Multi-Sensor Fill-Flash.

By using the SB-25’s button, you can perform Standard TTL Flash (except for P and Ps exposure modes), regardless of lens type.

Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode

3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash

Flash Methods: F90-Series/N90 Settings and Lenses

Lens in Use

D-Type AF Nikkor Lenses

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

Other lenses

1) Suitable lenses and use depend on camera; see instruction manual for infor-

2) Except D-Type and AF Nikkor lenses for F3AF.

3) You can not use the Ps mode as the shutter locks.

4) Only 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be

5) Exposure mode (P or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A), and

Camera’s Exposure Mode

Programmed auto (P, Ps)

Shutter-priority auto (S)

Aperture-priority auto (A)

Manual (M)

Programmed auto (P, Ps)

Shutter-priority auto (S)

Aperture-priority auto (A)

Manual (M)

Aperture-Priority auto (A)

Manual (M)

mation.

performed; Standard TTL Flash is not available and the used.

the mode indication blinks in the camera’s LCD panel; set desired aperture manually.

Camera’s Metering System

Matrix

3D Multi-Sensor

Balanced Fill-Flash

Multi-Sensor

Balanced Fill-Flash

Center-Weighted

Fill-Flash

Center-

Weighted

button cannot be

Spot

Spot Fill-

Flash

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users

Set Up and Practice

Some operations can be controlled automatically when the camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. In other cases, operate manually.

The following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor to operate 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash, or an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or AIP lens to operate Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash. With other lenses, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash will be performed.

Automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment: AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or

Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

The aperture and zoom-head position in use are automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

For other lenses, set manually according to the

shooting situation. See “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 and 29, and “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 and 30.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL

FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

Remote TTL Auto Flash operation

The optional SC-17 cord enables you to use the SB-25 off-camera.

When performing 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced FillFlash, remote operation of the SB-25 works properly only if the SB-25 is placed at a distance and angle similar to the camera-to-subject distance/angle.

For other situations, switch to a flash method other than 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash.

Setting Up SB-25

One of these marks appears for fully automatic fill-flash; both disappear for Standard TTL Flash

3. Flash sync

mode selector at NORMAL

5 Aperture

value and zoom-head position

2 Flash mode

selector at TTL Auto

4 ISO

speed of film in use

1 For

selecting flash method

Press the button.

To perform 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash, confirm appears in the LCD panel. To perform Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, confirm

appears.

To perform Standard TTL Flash, press the button so that both and disappears.

Choose (flash mode selector). Confirm in the

LCD panel.

Choose position (flash sync mode selec-

tor).

position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash (see

page 105).

Confirm the ISO film speed has been set and appears

in the SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic ISO film speed adjustment). If not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the camera’s shutter release button.

Confirm the aperture value chosen on the camera and

zoom-head position have been set and appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment).

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users

Setting Up Your Camera

Select one of the following exposure modes:

a. Programmed auto (P or Ps) b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual exposure mode (M)

Select a metering system:

a. Matrix metering system b. Center-Weighted metering system c. Spot metering system

Selecting an exposure-metering system on the F90Series/N90 camera

Either 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash will operate regardless of exposure meter system chosen, when the camera is used with a Dtype Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens.

Choose a meter to measure background exposure that most effectively meets the photo requirements you wish to achieve.

Perform other settings:

a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture

(highest f-number).

b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-

ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter

speed*. c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter

speed* and aperture.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance

Use the table on page 142 in this instruction manual.

Confirming Settings

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button. Use AE-L (Auto Exposure Lock) on the camera to capture exact exposure information for your picture composition (except when in manual exposure mode). Confirm controlled aperture and shutter speed. These also appear in the camera’s LCD panel. The aperture in use (shown in the viewfinder) and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

Over-/Underexposure warning (background exposure)

For overexposure alert, HI or a “+ (positive)” value appears in the F90-Series/N90 viewfinder and LCD panel.

For underexposure, electronic analog displays (in viewfinder and LCD panel) show Lo or a “– (negative)” value.

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Firing Flash

Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users

Confirm shooting distance.

Check whether subject falls within the range shown by the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25’s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wide aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode). Then, repeat steps 9 and 10.

Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in

focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the camera’s viewfinder.

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light and to see if it is blinking.

If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Then, reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.

Underexposure indication

When subject may have been underexposed, mark and amount of underexposure (for example, ) appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel after firing.

To compensate underexposure in the above example, you might consider using an aperture at least 2 f/stops wider, or move closer to subject.

button to resume indication

The underexposure indication lasts only three seconds Use the button to recall the indication last shown in the LCD panel.

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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users

Choosing A Flash Method

The SB-25 enables you to perform the following flash methods. They are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.

• Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash

• Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

• Spot Fill-Flash (not available with the F4-Series or

F-801/N8008)

• Standard TTL Flash

Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you will perform with your camera, the lens in use and the metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the lens/meter combination determines the flash method. In other cases, you may have to switch metering systems, change lenses, or both.

By using the SB-25’s button, you can also choose Standard TTL Flash, regardless of lens type.

For practice, read “Set Up and Practice,” from page 42 on.

Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode

Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash

Flash Methods: F4-Series Settings and Lenses

Lens in Use (with MultiFinder

DP-20)

AF Nikkor

lenses AI-P lenses

AF Teleconverter/ AF Nikkor lenses for F3AF/AItype Nikkor lenses (including AI-S)

Other lenses

Camera’s

Exposure Mode

Programmed auto

(P, P Shutter-priority

auto (S) Aperture-priority

auto (A) Manual (M)

Aperture-priority

auto (A)

Manual (M)

Programmed auto (P, PH)

Shutter-priority auto (S)

Aperture-priority auto (A)

Manual (M)

Camera’s Metering System

Matrix

Balanced

Fill-Flash

Matrix

Balanced

Fill-Flash

Standard TTL Flash

Center-

Weighted

Center-

Weighted

Fill-Flash

Center-

Weighted

Fill-Flash

Spot

Standard

TTL Flash

Standard

TTL Flash

Flash Methods: F-801/N8008 Settings and Lenses

Lens in Use

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

Camera’s Exposure

Programmed auto

D, P, P

(P Shutter-priority auto

(S) Aperture-priority auto

(A)

Mode

)

Manual (M)

Other lenses

1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for

2) With AE Action Finder DA-20, Center-Weighted Fill-Flash and Standard TTL

3) Includes the latest D-type Nikkor lenses, but excludes AF lenses for F3 Series

Aperture-priority auto

(A) Manual (M)

information.

Flash can be used. With Waist-Level Finder DW-20 and 6x High-Magnification Finder DW-21, because Matrix and Center-Weighted metering systems cannot be used, only Standard TTL Flash can be used.

cameras.

Camera’s Metering System

Matrix

Balanced Fill-

Flash

Center-

Weighted

Center-

Weighted Fill-

Flash

Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

Chapter

Flash Methods: F-801s/N8008s Settings and Lenses

Lens in Use

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

Camera’s Exposure

Programmed auto

D, P, P

(P Shutter-priority auto

(S) Aperture-priority auto

(A)

Mode

)

Manual (M)

Other lenses

4) Exposure mode (P, P

5) Exposure mode (P

6) Matrix metering system automatically shifts to Center-Weighted, as shown by

Aperture-priority auto

(A) Manual (M)

or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A).

Set desired aperture manually.

(A), shown by the blinking mode indication in the camera’s LCD panel. Set desired aperture manually.

the blinking indication in the camera’s LCD panel. Only Center-Weighted FillFlash is available.

D, P, P

, or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto

Camera’s Metering System

Flash

Center-

Weighted

Center-

Weighted

Fill-Flash

Spot Fill-

Matrix

Balanced

Fill-Flash

Center-Weighted Fill-

Spot

Flash

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users

Set Up and Practice

Some operations can be controlled automatically when the camera uses an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. In other cases, operate manually.

Note that the following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL

FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

Automatic zoom-head/aperture adjustment: AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or

Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

The aperture and zoom-head position in use are automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

For other lenses, set manually according to the

shooting situation. See “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 and 29, and “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 and 30.

Setting Up SB-25

Appears for fully automatic fillflash; disappears for Standard TTL Flash.

3 Flash sync

mode selector at NORMAL

5 Aperture

value and zoom-head position

2 Flash mode

selector at TTL Auto

4 ISO

speed of film in use

1 For

selecting flash method

Press the button.

To perform Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, confirm appears in the LCD panel. To perform Standard TTL Flash, press the button so that

disappears.

Choose (flash mode selector position). Confirm

2 3

page 105).

adjustment). ISO speed of the film in use is automatically set. If not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the camera’s shutter release button.

SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment).

in the LCD panel.

Choose position (flash sync mode selector).

position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash (see

Confirm the ISO film speed has been set and appears in the SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic ISO film speed

Confirm the aperture value chosen on the camera and zoom-head position have been set and appear in the

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users

Setting Up Your Camera

Select one of the following exposure modes:

a. Programmed auto (either P, P b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual (M)

Select a metering system:

H, P

or PD

a. Matrix metering system to perform Matrix Balanced

Fill-Flash.

b. Center-Weighted metering system to perform

Center-Weighted Fill-Flash.

c. With the F-801s/N8008s, Spot metering system to

perform Spot Fill Flash.

d. Any metering system can be chosen to perform

Standard TTL Flash.

Confirming Settings

Perform other settings:

)

a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture

(highest f-number).

b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-

ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter

speed*. c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter

speed* and aperture.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

F4-Series

F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly press the shutter release

button. Use AE-L (Auto Exposure Lock) on the camera to capture exact exposure information for your picture composition (except when in manual exposure mode). Confirm controlled aperture and check that the shutter speed falls between 1/60 sec. and 1/250 sec. With F-801/N8008 or F-801s/N8008s, these also appear in the camera’s LCD panel. The aperture in use (shown in the viewfinder) and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

Overexposure warning (background exposure)

For overexposure alert, HI appears (together with lens’ minimum aperture for the F-801/ N8008 and F-801s/ N8008s). in the position that indicates the camera’s shutter speed.

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F4-Series

F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s

SB-25

Firing Flash

Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users

Confirm shooting distance.

Check whether subject falls within the range shown by the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25’s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 9 and 10.

Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in

focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the camera’s viewfinder.

Fully depress the shutter release button to fire flash.

Check again whether ready-light is blinking.

If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.

Controlled shutter speed and aperture in Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash/Standard TTL Flash

When the SB-25 is set at position (for flash sync mode selector), the camera automatically controls the shutter speed and aperture between 30 — 1/250 sec. in programmed auto and aperture-priority auto exposure mode.

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601

Choosing A Flash Method

Use the camera’s Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash button to perform any of the following fully automatic fill-flash functions, or choose Standard TTL Flash. (Functions are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.):

• Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash

• Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

• Spot Fill-Flash (not available with the F-601

M/N6000)

Use the chart below to confirm which flash method you will perform with your camera, the lens in use and the metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the

Flash Methods with F-601/N6006

Lens in Use

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

Other lenses

1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for

information.

2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras.

Camera’s Exposure

Programmed auto (P

M, P)

Shutter-priority auto

(S) Aperture-priority auto

(A) Manual (M) Aperture-priority auto

(A)

Mode

Camera’s Metering System

Flash

Center-

Weighted

Center-

Weighted

Fill-Flash

Spot Fill-

Matrix

Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash

Center-Weighted Fill-

Spot

Flash

lens/meter combination determines the flash method. In other cases, you may have to switch metering systems, change lenses, or both.

Standard TTL Flash can be operated regardless of lens

type.

For practice, see “Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash button” on the next page and read “Set Up and Practice,” from page 50 on.

Flash Methods with F-601M/N6000

Lens in

Use

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

Other lenses

3) Matrix metering system automatically shifts to Center-Weighted, indicated by

a blinking mark in the camera’s LCD panel. Only Center-Weighted Fill-Flash is available.

M/N6000 Users

Camera’s Exposure

Mode

Programmed auto (P

M, P)

Shutter-priority auto

(S) Aperture-priority auto

(A) Manual (M) Aperture-priority auto

(A)

Camera’s Metering System

Matrix

Balanced Fill-

Flash

Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

Center-

Weighted

Center-

Weighted Fill-

Flash

Set Up and Practice

Check the charts on page 48 to determine which flash is available and appropriate before actual shooting.

Note that the following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens. With any other lens, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash will be performed.

Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode

Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL

FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

✗USE A FILM BETWEEN ISO 25 TO ISO 1000.

Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash button

To operate any of the fully automatic fill-flash functions (Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash), use the camera’s MODE/ button so that appears in the camera’s LCD panel.

To activate Standard TTL Flash, use the same but-

ton again so that the in the LCD panel disappears.

The SB-25’s and buttons cannot be used in either of the above cases for flash method selection. Also, the mark does not appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

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Chapter

Setting Up SB-25

2 Flash sync mode selector at

NORMAL

10 Aperture

value

4 Zoom-head position

1 Flash mode selec-

tor at TTL Auto

3 ISO speed

of film in use

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

* For SLOW SYNC FLASH or REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH, perform the set-

For instruction, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28.

in the LCD panel.

Choose position* (flash sync mode selector).

tings on the camera; setting priorities are determined by the camera and flash sync mode selections on the SB-25 will be ignored.

Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable film speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000.

Set the built-in zoom head position.

For instruction, see “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30.

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601

Setting Up Your Camera

To perform Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or

Spot Fill-Flash, use the MODE/ button, and confirm

the mark in the LCD panel. To perform Standard TTL Flash, use the MODE/ but- ton, and confirm the mark disappears from the LCD panel.

Select one of the following exposure modes:

a. Programmed auto (either P b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual exposure mode (M)

Select a metering system:

M or P)

a. Matrix metering system to perform Matrix Balanced

Fill-Flash.

b. Center-Weighted metering system to perform

Center-Weighted Fill-Flash.

c. With the F-601/N6006, Spot metering system to per-

form Spot Fill Flash.

d. Any metering system can be chosen to perform

Standard TTL Flash.

M/N6000 Users

Perform other settings:

a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture

(highest f-number).

b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-

ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter

speed*. c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter

speed* and aperture.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance

Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.

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Chapter

Confirming Settings

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button. Confirm aperture and shutter speed. These also appear in the camera’s LCD panel.

Controlled shutter speed and aperture in programmed/aperture-priority auto

Aperture and shutter speed are automatically controlled by the camera as specified in the following tables.

Controlled shutter speeds

Lens in use (focal length) Shutter speed

60mm or shorter 1/(focal length) to 1/125 sec.

Longer than 60mm 1/60 to 1/125 sec.

Usable maximum apertures in programmed auto

ISO film speed

Controlled aperture*

* Above figures for F-601/N6006, below for F-601M/N6000.

25 50 100 200 400 800 1000

f/4 f/4.8 f/5.6 f/6.7 f/8 f/9.5 f/10

f/2.8 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11

f/11+

f/stop

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601

Set the controlled aperture (from step 9)*, then read

shooting distance range on the SB-25’s LCD panel.

For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Value (Manual

Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range for that setting.

* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from

the indicator bars (step 11); setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations — a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.

Confirm shooting distance.

Check whether subject falls within range of the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25’s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wide aperture (when aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 10 and 11.

M/N6000 Users

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Chapter

Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in

focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the camera’s viewfinder.

Firing Flash

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.

If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Next, reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to the subject or select a wider aperture (in aperturepriority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601

F-601/N6006 and F-601

Exposure mode/LCD panel/Viewfinder Cause Troubleshooting

Programmed auto

Shutter-priority auto

M/N6000 warning indications

EE blinks.

“+” value appears in electronic analog display (F-601/N6006). “HI” appears in shutter speed position (F-601

“–” value appears in electronic analog display (F-601/N6006).

FEE blinks.

Lens maximum aperture appears with electronic analog display.

“+” value appears in electronic analog display. “HI” appears in shutter speed position (F-601

M/N6000).

Lens not set at smallest aperture. Shutter locks.

Background may be overexposed.

Background may be underexposed.

Lens not set at smallest aperture. Shutter locks.

Background may be overexposed.

Background may be underexposed.

Set lens to the smallest aperture.

Use a lower ISO film, or add a neutral density filter or circular polarizer.

If necessary, switch to slow sync to obtain shower shutter speed or switch to shutterpriority auto exposure mode to select slower shutter speed.

Set lens to the smallest aperture.

If necessary, select slower shutter speed.

If necessary, select faster shutter speed.

M/N6000 Users

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601

F-601/N6006 and F-601

Exposure mode/LCD panel/Viewfinder Cause Troubleshooting

Aperture-priority auto

M/N6000 warning indications (continued)

Scale appears

“+” value appears in electronic analog display. “HI” appears in shutter speed position (F-601

Shutter speed display blinks

M/N6000).

Background may be underexposed.

Background may be overexposed.

Selected shutter speed may be too slow for handheld photography or for movement of subject

If necessary, select a wider aperture. If under exposure display stays on, change from normal to slow sync, though shutter speed becomes slower.

If necessary, select a smaller aperture (larger f-number).

Select a wider aperture.

M/N6000 Users

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users

Choosing A Flash Method

The SB-25 enables you to perform Matrix Balanced or Center-Weighted Fill-Flash. These functions are described in detail on pages 10 and 11.

You can choose Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash when using programmed auto, shutter-priority or aperture-priority exposure mode, or Center-Weighted Fill-Flash when using manual exposure mode (see the chart at right).

Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode

Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

TTL Auto flash mode with F-401x/N5005

Lens in Use

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for

2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras.

Programmed auto (P)

Shutter-priority auto (S)

Aperture-priority auto (A)

Manual (M)

information.

Camera’s Exposure

Mode

SB-25 Flash

Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash

Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users

Set Up and Practice

Check the charts on page 57 to determine which flash is available and suitable for your shooting situation before actual shooting.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗SET LENS TO MINIMUM APERTURE (HIGHEST F-

NUMBER).

✗USE A FILM BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO 1000.

Setting Up SB-25

2 Flash sync

mode selector at NORMAL

8 Aperture

value

4 Zoom-head position

1 Flash mode selector

at TTL Auto

3 ISO speed

of film in use

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync

For instruction, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28.

in the LCD panel.

Choose position* (flash sync mode selector).

mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.

Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000.

Set the built-in zoom head position.

For instruction, see “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30.

Setting Up Your Camera

Select one of the following exposure modes:

a. Programmed auto (P), shutter-priority auto (S) or

aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Matrix

Balanced Fill-Flash.

b. Manual exposure mode to perform Center-

Weighted Fill-Flash.

Perform other settings:

a. For shutter-priority auto, set desired shutter speed*. b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter

speed* and aperture.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

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Confirm Settings

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button. Confirm exposure indicator LEDs (+, R, –) in the viewfinder appear, and make adjustments if necessary. Use the following chart to read LEDs.

Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance

Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.

Warning indications

Selected exposure mode

Programmed auto

Shutterpriority auto

Aperturepriority auto

Manual

Viewfinder

indication

+ or + R

– R or –

+ or + R

– R or –

+ or + R

– R or –

LED

Status/cause

—

Background is overexposed.

OK: Background is correctly exposed

Background is underexposed

Background is overexposed

OK: Background is correctly exposed

Background is underexposed

Background is overexposed

OK: Background is correctly exposed

Background is underexposed

Troubleshooting

—

Select faster shutter speed until only R appears.

—

Select slower shutter speed until only R appears.

Select smaller aperture until only R appears.

—

Select larger aperture until only R appears.

Select faster shutter speed or smaller aperture.

—

Select slower shutter speed or larger aperture.

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users

Set aperture in the SB-25’s LCD panel*, then read the shooting distance

range. For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). In programmed auto or shutter-priority auto exposure mode, aperture is automati- cally controlled by the camera. Choose and set a value, using the “Guide to determining aperture” in the following page. Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range.

* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from the indicator bars (step 9);

setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations — a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.

Chapter

Confirm shooting distance.

Check whether subject falls within the range of the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25’s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (when aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 8 and 9.

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Guide to determining aperture

Use these suggestions as a guide. To choose a suitable aperture, select aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode.

In programmed auto

For subjects backlit by the sun f/16

For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8

For outdoor subjects on a cloudy day, in shadows, or for indoor subjects

In shutter-priority auto

For subjects backlit by the sun f/16 at 1/125 sec.

For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8 at 1/125 sec.

For outdoor subjects on a cloudy day in shadows

For indoor subjects f/5.6 at 1/30 sec

Usable maximum apertures in programmed auto or shutter priority auto

Choose an aperture that does not exceed the maximum possible aperture for the film in use, as given below.

ISO film speed

Maximum aperture

25 50 100 200 400 800 1000

f/4 f/4.7 f/5.6 f/6.7 f/8 f/9.5 f/10

f/5.6

f/5.6 at 1/125 sec.

Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in

focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the camera’s viewfinder.

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users

Firing Flash

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.

If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.

Chapter

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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users

Chapter

Choosing A Flash Method

The SB-25 lets you choose between Programmed TTL Auto Flash or Standard TTL Flash in TTL Auto flash mode.

Use the charts at right to confirm available flash/exposure

mode combinations.

Programmed TTL Auto Flash

By setting the camera’s exposure mode to a programmed auto setting (either PDUAL Programmed TTL Auto Flash.

In Programmed TTL Auto Flash, the camera automatically selects a shutter speed of 1/125 sec. and a controlled aperture that corresponds to the ISO speed of the film in use (see chart on page 68).

Flash output is regulated by the Speedlight to ensure a “correct” subject exposure. This enables you to concentrate on picture composition without worrying about exposure settings (including aperture).

You can also perform Standard TTL Flash with the camera set at aperture-priority auto (A) or manual exposure mode. In Standard TTL Flash, the Speedlight controls the flash output level to correctly expose the subject. Shutterspeed and/or aperture setting(s) can be selected by the user.

, P or PHI), you can choose

TTL Auto flash mode with F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000

Camera’s

Lens in Use

AI-S type lenses (including AF Nikkor and AI-P)

1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for information.

2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras. For Programmed TTL Auto Flash, use only AI-S lenses, which include AF Nikkor, Nikkor lenses with a built-in CPU and Series E lenses.

Exposure Mode

Programmed auto

DUAL, P or PHI)

(P Aperture-priority

auto (A)

Manual (M)

SB-25 Flash

Programmed TTL Auto Flash

Standard TTL Flash

Set Up and Practice

You can choose Programmed TTL Auto Flash against Standard TTL Flash by setting camera to a programmed auto exposure mode (either PDUAL on the previous page.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL

FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

✗USE FILM WITH A SPEED BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO

1000.

✗USE AN AI-S LENS (AF Nikkor, Nikkor lens with built-in

CPU or Series E lens).

To distinguish AI-S lenses from others

Look for an orange mark on the minimum aperture scale of the lens.

, P or PHI). Check charts

Setting Up SB-25

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

7 Aperture

value

4 Zoom-head position

1 Flash mode selector

at TTL Auto

3 ISO speed

of film in use

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync

For instruction, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28.

in the LCD panel.

Choose position* (flash sync mode selector).

mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.

Set ISO speed of film in use. Usable film speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000.

Set the built-in zoom head position.

For instruction, see “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes.

Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance

Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.

Setting Up Your Camera

Select one of the following exposure modes:

a. Programmed auto (either P

Programmed TTL Auto Flash.

b. Aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Standard TTL

Flash.

c. Manual exposure mode to perform Standard TTL

Flash.

Perform other settings:

DUAL, P or PHI) to perform

a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture

(highest f-number). b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter

speed* and aperture.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

Confirm Settings

Set aperture in the SB-25’s LCD panel*.

For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. In programmed auto exposure mode, aperture is automatically controlled by the camera. Choose a value, using “Shutter speed/aperture settings in Programmed TTL Auto Flash” in the following page. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range.

* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from the indicator bars (step 8);

setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations — a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.

Confirm shooting distance.

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Shutter speed/aperture settings in Programmed TTL Auto Flash

The camera automatically locks the shutter release at 1/125 sec. Aperture value is automatically controlled to correspond with the film in use.

Film speed and corresponding controlled aperture

ISO film speed

Controlled aperture

25 50 100 200 400 800 1000

f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16

f/16+

f/stop

Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users

Firing Flash

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button. Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in camera viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus.

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.

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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users

Chapter

Choosing A Flash Method

The SB-25 can be used in the same manner as the camera’s built-in TTL flash, but offers more powerful light output and a greater shooting distance range.

The SB-25’s setting takes full advantage of the F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s’ multi-sensor metering system for flash photography.

Is the scene “bright” or “dark,” and which is brighter — the subject or background? The algorithm in the metering system checks the amount of light based on these questions, and the camera asks through the viewfinder whether you choose to use the flash or not.

In any case, if you decide to use the flash, the camera automatically sets the most appropriate flash method for your shooting situation: Programmed TTL Auto Flash or Standard TTL Flash.

Use the chart in the next page to confirm available flash/exposure mode combinations.

Viewfinder prompt: Use flash or not

When the SB-25 is attached to the camera but turned off, the camera’s viewfinder ready-light blinks to suggest you use a flash. You can reject or ignore the prompt simply by leaving the SB-25’s power off ( continues blinking).

Programmed TTL Auto Flash

When light is low and the flash is needed, the camera asks you to confirm whether you wish to use the flash. If you decide to use it in programmed auto or shutter-priority exposure mode, the right aperture and shutter speed are automatically selected by the camera. Flash output is controlled by the Speedlight to correctly expose the subject.

Standard TTL Flash

When using aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, you will be asked to confirm flash use, the same as above. Flash output is controlled by the Speedlight for a correctly exposed subject. Shutter-speed and/or aperture setting(s) can be selected by the user.

TTL Auto flash mode with F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s

Lens in Use

AF Nikkor lenses AI-P lenses

1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for information.

2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras. For Programmed TTL Auto Flash, use only AF Nikkor lenses (including latest D-Type), except AF Nikkor 80mm f/2.8, 200mm f/3.5 IF-ED and Autofocus Converter TC-16/TC-16A.

Camera’s Exposure

Programmed auto (A/S)

Shutter-priority auto (S)

Aperture-priority auto (A)

Manual (M)

Mode

SB-25 Flash

Programmed TTL Auto Flash

Standard TTL Flash

Set Up and Practice

When camera is set at programmed auto (A/S) or shutterpriority auto (S) exposure mode, it automatically switches into Programmed TTL Auto Flash.

Before proceeding, be sure to:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗SET LENS TO MINIMUM APERTURE (HIGHEST F-

NUMBER).

✗USE FILM WITH A SPEED BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO

400.

✗USE AN AF NIKKOR LENS (including the latest D-Type

Lens, but excluding AF Nikkor 80mm f/2.8, 200mm f/3.5 IF-ED and Autofocus Converters TC-16/TC-16A).

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users

Setting Up SB-25

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

7 Aperture

value

4 Zoom-head position

1 Flash mode

selector at TTL Auto

3 ISO speed

of film in use

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync

For instruction, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28.

in the LCD panel.

Choose position* (flash sync mode selector).

mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.

Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable film speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 400.

Set the built-in zoom head position.

For instruction, see “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes.

Setting Up Your Camera

Select one of the following exposure modes:

a. Programmed auto (A/S) to perform Programmed

TTL Auto Flash.

b. Shutter-priority auto (S) to perform Programmed

TTL Auto Flash.

c. Aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Standard TTL

Flash.

d. Manual exposure mode to perform Standard TTL

Flash.

Perform other settings:

a. For shutter-priority auto, set desired shutter speed*. b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter

speed* and aperture.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

Quick reference on the relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance

Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.

Confirming Settings

Set aperture in the SB-25’s LCD panel*.

For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. In programmed auto and shutter-priority auto exposure mode, set an aperture using the “Guide to determine aper- ture” in the following page. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range for that setting.

* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from

the indicator bars (step 8); setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations — a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.

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Confirm shooting distance.

Guide to determining aperture

Use these suggestions as a guide for choosing aperture.

In programmed auto (ISO 100)

For subjects backlit by the sun f/16

For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8

For subjects beside a bright window f/5.6

For indoor subject f/5.6

In shutter-priority auto

For subjects backlit by the sun f/16 at 1/100 sec.

For outdoor subjects on a sunny day f/8 at 1/100 sec.

For subjects beside a bright window f/5.6 at 1/100 sec.

For indoor subjects f/5.6 at 1/30 sec.

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button. Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 . Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the camera’s viewfinder

Chapter

Firing Flash

Fully depress the shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.

If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to the subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.

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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users

Chapter

Choosing A Flash Method

FA, FE2, FG or Nikonos V users can use the SB-25 Speedlight to perform Standard TTL Flash, for fully automatic though-the-lens (TTL) control of flash exposure.

Standard TTL Flash can be performed by setting the SB-25 at . In Standard TTL Flash, the flash output level is controlled by the Speedlight to correctly expose subject.

Set Up and Practice

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE FILM WITH A SPEED BETWEEN ISO 25 AND ISO

400.

Caution

Use the SB-25 exclusively for on-land conditions; it cannot be used in underwater conditions. Always keep the unit away from salt water, rain or water splashes.

Setting Up SB-25

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

7 Aperture

value

4 Zoom-head position

1 Flash mode selector

at TTL Auto

3 ISO speed

of film in use

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync

For instruction, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28.

in the LCD panel.

Choose position* (flash sync mode selector).

mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.

Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable film speeds are from ISO 25 to ISO 400

Set position of the built-in zoom head.

For instruction, see “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes.

Setting Up Your Camera

Set desired shutter speed*.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

Set your chosen aperture.

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Chapter

TTL Auto Flash Mode: For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users

Confirm Settings

Set aperture in use.

For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. Shooting indicator bars in the LCD panel move as the figure input changes. Determine approximate flash-shooting distance range by reading indicator bars.

Quick reference on relationship between usable apertures and flash shooting distance

Use table on page 142 in this instruction manual.

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button. Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Check if ready-light is on in camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 .

Firing Flash

Fully depress the shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.

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Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode — Shooting with Various Lens Apertures

To use various lens apertures for the same subject or when camera/lens combination is incompatible with TTL Auto Flash mode, set the SB-25’s flash mode selector to for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation.

In Non-TTL Auto Flash shooting, light output automatically changes to match the flash-to-subject distance, but instead of light being measured through the lens, it is measured by the light sensor on the front of the SB-25.

The SB-25 can be used in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode with any Nikon camera/lens combination.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE APERTURE-PRIORITY AUTO OR MANUAL EXPO-

SURE MODE.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 ✗ F3-Series ✗ F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 ✗ F2-Series ✗ F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s ✗ FM2 ✗ F-601/N6006 ✗ FA ✗ FG-20 ✗ F-601M/N6000 ✗ FE2 ✗ F-401x/N5005 ✗ FG ✗

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Set Up and Practice

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

3 ISO film

speed in use and zoom-head position

5 Appears when flash is fully charged and ready

to fire. Push for test firing. Blinks after firing indicates possible underexposure.

1 Flash mode

selector at Non-TTL Auto

4 Aperture

value

Choose position (flash mode

selector). Confirm appears in

the LCD panel.

Choose position

(flash sync mode selector*).

* position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync

Flash, and only with the F90-Series/N90, F4Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page 105.

Set ISO film speed and position

the built-in zoom head. For instructions, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28, and “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30.

Chapter

Set desired aperture in the SB-25’s LCD panel, then set again on the cam-

era.

For instructions, see “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to

29. Indicator bars show a appropriate shooting distance range.

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Push button for a test firing (see page 110) when

you are not sure whether subject is within the flash shooting range. If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after test firing, flash has fired at its maximum output but light might not have been sufficient. Select a wider aperture or move closer to subject.

F90-Series/N90’s viewfinder

Look into the camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

the press shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 .

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Recheck ready-light to see if it is blinking.

If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, flash has fired at maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture to compensate underexposure.

Chapter

Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode

Exposure compensation

Exposure compensation in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode is achieved by purposely setting a different aperture value on the camera (actually on the lens in most cases) than on the SB-25.

Use an aperture 1/3 to one stop smaller for an entirely dark background (low reflectance). For backgrounds that include a highly reflective object, use an aperture 1/3 to one stop larger.

Note that shooting distance range indication corresponds to the aperture value set on the SB-25 — not on the camera.

In general, you may want to take a series of pictures using exposure bracketing.

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Manual Flash Mode — Manual Light-Output Control

With the SB-25’s flash mode selector at , you can perform manual flash photography.

For manual flash photography, it is important to choose an appropriate aperture and shooting distance to achieve your desired effect. To help approximate these variables, you can use the SB-25’s LCD panel and control buttons as a “calculator”, or use “guide numbers” (see page 118).

To enhance this feature, the SB-25 lets you manually adjust flash output levels from full power (1/1) to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, and FP1 and FP2.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. ✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. ✗USE APERTURE-PRIORITY AUTO OR MANUAL EXPO-

SURE MODE.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

Set Up and Practice

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

3 ISO film

speed in use and zoom-head position

1 Flash mode selector

at Manual Flash

6 Aperture

value

4 Flash out-

put level

Chapter

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

appears in the LCD panel.

Choose position (flash sync mode selec-

tor*).

* position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash, and only with the F90-

Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page105.

Set ISO film speed and the built-in zoom head position.

For instructions, see “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28, and “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30.

Automatic ISO film speed/zoom-head position

adjustment: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/ N8008, or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

The film speed and zoom-head position in use are automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

For other lenses, set manually according to the

shooting situation. See “Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment),” pages 27 to 28, and “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30.

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Chapter

Manual Flash Mode

Press button to choose desired light output.

You can choose an amount ranging from full power (1/1) to one sixty-fourth (1/64). LCD indications change as: - -

- - - - - -. With the F90-Series/N90, indication , and then will appear after . At the same time, appears next to . This applies exclusively to FP High-Speed Sync Flash and is discussed in the following pages (see pages 98 to 103).

Fine light-output adjustment: F90-Series/N90 with AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

Additionally, you can manipulate light output in finer increments of ±1/3, as long as light output is set between and .

Press button and confirm appears in the SB-25’s LCD panel. By pressing button, you can increase the light amount by +1/3 (blinking below the mark), by +2/3 (blinking ), or by +1 (blinking ).

To decrease, use in the same manner; blinking numbers change from (by -1/3) to (by -2/3) to

(by -1).

For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture on the

camera. For manual exposure mode, set desired aperture and shutter speed* on the camera.

* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose

a speed that is not within the synchronization range.

Using guide number

Guide number is helpful to calculate exact flash shooting distance in manual flash operation. For details, see “Guide Number — To Calculate a Proper Aperture,” page 118, and “Specification,” page 139.

Automatic aperture adjustment: F90-Series/

N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

The aperture in use and an indicator bar are automatically indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel. With other lenses, you must operate manually and follow steps 6, 7 and 8.

To skip steps 6, 7 and 8, check that subject is standing at the location suggested by the LCD’s measurement scale. If not, change aperture by turning the lens’ aperture ring to adjust the bar.

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Set the same aperture value in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. An indicator bar appears to show appropriate shooting distance for the selected aperture.

If necessary, press or button to reset the indi-

cator bar so it points to the measurement scale that matches or nearly equals the actual flash-to-subject distance (can be read from lens barrel). Manipulating indication bar causes the aperture value in the LCD panel to change.

On the camera, reset the aperture value obtained in the

previous step (the aperture that corresponds to the actual flash-to-subject distance). You have now completed all necessary adjustments for locating the subject within an appropriate shooting distance range for the predetermined light output and aperture.

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 .

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Synchronization in Continuous Shooting

The SB-25 is able to recycle fast enough to synchronize with a motor-driven camera firing continuously at up to six frames per sec. at 1/64 light output. This means you can take up to 40 flash pictures in rapid succession. Batteries must be fresh to achieve the rates indicated.

Continuous firing in Manual Flash mode

Inside SB-25

AA-type alkalinemanganese (four sets)

AA-type NiCd (four sets)

Batteries

Optional

external pow-

er source

(when used

with NiCd bat-

Light output

—

SD-7

SD-8

teries)

Number of

continuous flash

(frames)

More than 4 More than 8 More than 16 More than 30 More than 6 More than 10 More than 40 More than 40 More than 5 More than 10 More than 20 More than 40 More than 5 More than 10 More than 30 More than 40

Chapter

Manual Flash Mode

Caution

Let the flash unit rest at least 10 minutes after continuous firing at a maximum number (see the chart), to allow it to cool off. Overuse generates heat that could shorten the Speedlight’s life.

Safety range in continuous firing

Flash mode Max. number

TTL Auto 15

Non-TTL Auto 15

15 at full (1/1) or 1/2 light output,

Manual Flash

40 at 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 or 1/64 light output

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Chapter

Repeating Flash

For multiple flash exposures on a single frame, use the SB-25 in the mode. The flash can be fired up to to 160 times on one frame, and if used in conjunction with the camera body’s multiple exposure control, many more flash can be achieved on the same frame.

When making multiple exposures, there are many factors to consider. You may want to experiment before making the final exposure.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Mode — For Multiple Exposure

Set Up and Practice

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

5 Flash

speed per sec. (in hertz)

1 Flash mode selector

at Repeating Flash

3 Zoom-

head position

8 Aperture

value

4 Flash out-

put level

6 Number of flash

per frame

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

and appear in the LCD panel.

Choose position (flash sync mode selec-

tor*).

* position is only used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash in TTL Auto , Non-

TTL Auto Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page 105.

and Manual Flash, and only with the F90-Series/N90, F4-

Set the built-in zoom head position.

For instructions, see “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 to 30.

Press button to choose desired light output.

You can choose an amount ranging from one eighth of full power (1/8) to one sixty-fourth (1/64). LCD indications change as: - - - - -.

Automatic zoom-head position adjustment:

F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a builtin CPU

The zoom-head position in use is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

For other lenses, set manually according to the

shooting situation. See “Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29 and 30.

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Press until a number (flash speed per second)

starts blinking beside . Use or to set a desired flash speed. See “Determining shutter speed with number/speed of flashes” on page 93.

Press again until a number (flashes per frame)

starts blinking beside center hyphen . Use or to set the desired number. The maximum number of flashes per frame depends on light-output amount and flash speed. If two hyphens blink, the available number of flashes is fixed (no other choice). For details, see the chart below.

F90-Series/N90’s LCD panel

Set desired shutter speed and aperture on the camera.

Choose B (bulb) setting or a shutter speed long enough to accommodate the flash you will fire. For calculations, see at right, “Determining shutter speed with number/speed of flashes.” Use a tripod to minimize camera shake.

Chapter

Repeating Flash Mode

Determining shutter speed with number/speed of flash

Frequency (Hz) represents the number of flash fired per second. For example, 10Hz will fire 10 times in one second. Or, because firing the flash five times takes 1/2 sec. at 10Hz, the shutter speed must be adjusted to at least as slow as 1/2 sec.

For another example, firing six times at 8Hz takes 6/8 sec. to occur. However, because your camera does not have a shutter speed of 6/8 (0.75) sec., you should set it to the closest slower shutter speed, which is one second.

The following equation can be applied to calculate an appropriate shutter speed:

[Shutter speed] ≈

where the result (shutter speed) must be rounded off to the closest slower shutter speed available with your camera.

[Number of flash per frame]

[Speed of flash (Hz)]

Number of repeating flashes per frame (shown with blinking hyphens

SD-7 or SD-8

Flash speed per second

8 — 10 Hz

20 — 50 Hz

) : Figures indicate use with External Power Source

Light output amount

1 — 7 Hz 20 40 80 160

10 20 40 80

8 162040

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Chapter

Repeating Flash Mode

Set the same aperture value in the SB-25’s LCD Panel

that you set on the camera (step 7). For instruction, see “Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. An indicator bar appears to show appropriate shooting distance for the selected aperture.

Automatic aperture adjustment: F90-Series/

N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

The aperture in use and an indicator bar are automatically indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel. With other lenses, you must operate manually following steps 8, 9 and 10.

To skip steps 8, 9 and 10, check whether subject stands at the location suggested by the LCD’s measurement scale. If not, change the aperture by turning the lens’ aperture ring to adjust the bar.

Finally, perform “minus” exposure compensation* to prevent overexposure of overlapping images—use the aperture ring to choose another aperture one or two stops smaller than indicated above.

* The aperture indicated by the LCD provides a correct exposure with the

very first flash, whereas overlapped images are illuminated from the second flash on. It is advisable to take a few additional shots at different apertures (exposure bracketing).

If necessary, press or button to reset the indi-

cator bar so it points at the measurement scale that matches or nearly equals the actual flash-to-subject distance (can be read this from the lens barrel). Manipulating the indication bar causes aperture value in the LCD panel to change.

Reset aperture value on the camera.

Use an aperture one or two stops smaller than the LCD panel indicates. This will prevent overexposure for overlapping images (“minus” exposure compensation).*

* Subject will be correctly exposed with the very first flash, but successive over-

lapping images (form the second flash on) will not be properly exposed, unless you perform minus exposure compensation as indicated in steps 9 and 10. We recommend you take a few additional shots at different apertures (exposure bracketing).

Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly

press the shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on the SB-25 .

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Background brightness and subject overlap

Use as dark a background material as possible (e.g., black curtain or cloth). If the overlapping exposed images are too weak or too strong, try repositioning subject at the location suggested by the indicator bar

(or adjust indicator bar).

Conditions vary for each situation — try experiment-

ing.

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Chapter 4

Flash-Shooting Applications

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FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash Photography At Higher Shutter Speeds

Unlike other Nikon SLR models the F90-Series/N90 camera and the SB-25 allow you to use faster shutter speeds up to 1/4000 sec. for flash synchronization.

Ordinarily the flash fires only when the curtains are fully opened in regular flash syncs. With FP High-Speed Sync Flash, the flash consecutively emits light at an extremely rapid cycle, while the shutter curtains travel to expose the entire film surface — but the curtains are never fully opened (i.e. exposure with a “slit”).

By using a high-speed shutter and flash simultaneously, you can create light flow from a rapidly moving subject.

In outdoor photography, it also enables you to use both a wider aperture and a faster shutter speed to achieve a shallower depth of field and purposely blur the subject’s background.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG

✗ F-501/N2020 Nikonos V

Note that a guide number for FP High-Speed Sync Flash varies with the selected shutter speed and it is smaller than for regular flash synchronization (i.e. smaller light output). Furthermore, we recommend you use shutter speeds between 1/250 and 1/4000 sec. to avoid uneven exposure.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

Set Up and Practice

2 Flash sync mode

selector at NORMAL

3 ISO

speed of film in use

4 Zoom-head

position

1 Flash mode selector

at Manual Flash

10 Aperture value

5 For select-

and

ing

either

Chapter

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

appears in the LCD panel.

Choose position (flash sync mode selec-

tor)*.

* FP High-Speed Sync Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash

sync mode selector setting; for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.

Confirm ISO film speed has been set and appears in

the SB-25’s LCD panel. ISO speed of film in use is automatically set; if not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the camera’s shutter release button.

Confirm the zoom-head position has been set and

appears in the SB-25’s LCD panel. The zoom-head position is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel when the camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or a Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. Or, set manually according to the shooting situation (see page 29). DO NOT USE THE WIDE FLASH PANEL (zoom head at the 20mm position). When used, , and blink in the LCD panel as an alert.

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Press button until appears in the LCD panel,

and confirm or appears in the light amount indicator

while LCD indication changes: - - - -

- - - - - -. Next, choose either for FP1 flash operation or for FP2.

Detaching the SB-25

When you take off the Speedlight from the F90Series/N90 to use it with another camera, be sure to cancel FP flash operation by pressing the button: confirm disappears from the LCD panel. If it is removed with FP setting, blinks a warning. The SB-25 will not function normally with the FP setting when mounted to any model other than the F90-Series/N90.

Choose a shutter speed* from 1/250 to 1/4000 sec. on

the camera

* Although any shutter speed can be used, an uneven exposure may result with

speeds outside this range.

Set your desired aperture on the camera.

Focus on the subject.

Look into camera viewfinder and compose shot while lightly pressing the shutter release button.

Confirm aperture and shutter speed in the camera’s

viewfinder. Check whether subject is focused by using the in-focus indicator I.

Shifting to other mode

Shutter speed is automatically locked at 1/250 sec., if you have set a shutter speed at 1/250 sec. or faster, then you perform one of the following: a. Switch exposure mode to programmed auto on the

camera, or

b. Change from FP High-Speed Sync to another flash

operation on the Speedlight.

Set the aperture value (from step 7) in the SB-25’s

LCD panel. See “Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 to 29. The aperture value is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel when the camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or a Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. An indicator bar appears to show the appropriate shooting distance.

Chapter

FP High-Speed Sync Flash

In a bright scene

After you have adjusted the camera/flash-to-subject distance (with subject standing at the location represented by indication bar ), readjust indicator bar (from step 11) to the left by one or two steps so the bar indicates a position closer than the actual subject location.

Experience indicates that a small amount of under-

exposure may result in a more pleasing photograph.

To readjust the indicator bar, perform one or a com-

bination of the following adjustments:

1) Pressing button to switch from FP1 ( with ) to FP2.

2) Moving further from the subject.

3) Choose a different number for the zoom-head position (wider angle of coverage).

We recommend that you not manipulate shutter

speed and aperture on the camera.

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Confirm subject is at the distance shown by the

indicator bar in the SB-25’s LCD panel (from step 10). To determine the subject-to-camera distance, read the distance scale on the lens barrel. If the bar location matches the subject-to-camera distance from steps 10 and 11, the subject will be correctly exposed with the selected aperture, shutter speed, and light output amount. If the subject-to-camera distance does not match the appropriate shooting distance, readjust the indicator bars by:

a. Pressing button to switch from FP1 ( with )

to FP2, or vice versa. The bar location then

moves to show an alternate shooting distance. b. Moving closer to or further from the subject. c. Choose a different number for the zoom-head posi-

tion (altering guide number).

Look into camera’s viewfinder again, then compose

and lightly press the shutter release button to check that the ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder . Ready-light also appears on the SB-25 .

Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Guide number in FP High-Speed Sync Flash

The “guide number” helps you determine an exact flashshooting (flash-to-subject) distance for the selected aperture (f/stop number). FP guide numbers vary with the ISO film speed in use, shutter speed and zoom-head position.

Use the equation below for your calculations, and check the following chart for guide numbers. This same equation can be applied to determine an appropriate aperture once the distance is known.

[flash-shooting distance] =

For example, in FP1 operation with an aperture of f/4, a shutter speed of 1/500 sec., a zoom-head position of 35mm and a film speed of ISO 100, the chart recommends a guide number of 12 (or 39 for feet):

If measuring in meters;

[flash-shooting distance] =12= 3

if measuring in feet;

[flash-shooting distance] =39= 9.75

Next, adjust subject and flash/camera location for 3 meters, or 9.75 feet, to obtain correct exposure in FP1 flash operation.

[guide number]

[f/stop]

FP1 guide number (at ISO 100; for meters/feet)

Shutter speed

1/250 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/4000

FP2 guide number (at ISO 100; for meters/feet)

Shutter speed

1/250 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/4000

24mm 28mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm

14/46 15/50 17/56 20/65 23/74 24/77 10/33 11/36 12/39 14/46 16/52 17/56

7/23 7.5/25 8.5/28 10/33 11/36 12/39 5/16 5.3/17 6/20 7/23 8/26 8.5/28

3.5/11 3.7/12 4.2/14 5/16 5.6/18 6/20

24mm 28mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm

10/33 11/36 12/39 14/46 16/52 17/56

7/23 7.5/25 8.5/28 10/33 11/36 12/39 5/16 5.3/17 6/20 7/23 8/26 8.5/28

3.5/11 3.7/12 4.2/14 5/16 5.6/18 6/20

2.5/8.2 2.6/8.5 3/10 3.5/11 4/13 4.2/14

Zoom-head position

Chapter

FP High-Speed Sync Flash

Using a film speed other than ISO 100

For film speeds other than ISO 100, multiply the above figures by the factors shown in the following chart.

If the film speed in the previous example had been ISO

400 rather than ISO 100:

[flash-shooting distance] =12x 2 = 3 x 2 = 6

if measuring in feet;

[flash-shooting distance] =39x 2 = 9.75 x 2 =19.5

You should have obtained 6 meters, or 19.5 feet, for correct exposure.

Adjustment factors for other ISO film speeds

ISO film speed

Factor

25 50 100 200 400 800 1600

x 0.5 x 0.7 x 1 x 1.4 x 2 x 2.8 x 4

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Chapter

Red-Eye Reduction Control — For Better Flash Portraits

Light from the camera’s flash reflects off the interior of the eye through the wide-open pupil and back into the camera’s lens. The result is a portrait with the subject’s eyes bright red, a phenomenon known as “red-eye” effect.

When used with the F90-Series/N90 camera, the SB-25 fires three pre-flash consecutively before the main flash to reduce the appearance of red eyes.

Red-eye effect can also be affected by the angle at which light flash on the subject and is reflected back to the lens. For further details on “red eye,” see page 134.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG

104

✗ F-501/N2020 Nikonos V

Hints and Notes

• Set Red-Eye Reduction Control on the camera. Confirm appears in the SB-25’s LCD panel.

• Red-Eye Reduction Control can not be used in Repeating Flash mode.

• Rear-Curtain Sync Flash cannot be performed.

Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For Natural Light Flows

When used with the F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/ N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and F-601 the SB-25 lets you synchronize the flash to the instant before the rear (second) curtain begins to close. This turns available light into a stream of light that follows the moving, flash-illuminated subject.

Rear-curtain sync flash photography is most effective with slower shutter speeds. You can slow the shutter down to 30 sec., depending on the background situation.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE SHUTTER-PRIORITY AUTO OR MANUAL EXPO-

SURE MODE.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 ✗ FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 ✗ FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG

✗ F-501/N2020 Nikonos V

M/N6000,

Hints and Notes

• Select TTL Auto mode.

• Choose position (flash mode selector). With the F-601/N6006 and F-601M select REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH on the camera. This sync flash then operates regardless of the SB-25’s sync mode setting, either With the F90-Series/N90, although it is possible to select REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH on the camera, the SB-25’s sync mode setting will override what is set on the camera.

• With the F90-Series/N90, F-601/N6006 and F-601M/ N6000 used in programmed auto or aperture-priority auto exposure mode, the camera automatically controls the shutter speed down to as slow as 30 sec.

• In the following cases Rear-Curtain Sync Flash cannot be performed:

1) When using Vari-Program or Red-Eye Reduction Control with an F90-Series/N90 camera.

2) When performing multiple flash photography with an F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/ N8008 or F-801s/ N8008s.

3) When shutter speed dial is set at “T” with an F4Series camera.

• Use a tripod to minimize camera shake.

, Non-TTL Auto or Manual Flash

/N6000, you must

or position.

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Page 54

Flash Exposure Compensation — To Make Flash-Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker

The SB-25 allows you to manually adjust the amount of flash light in a range from –3 to +1 EV. This feature is particularly useful for “balanced” fill-flash where flash illumination is sufficient to brighten the subject to almost the brightness of the background.

Sometimes, you may want to use a little more or less flash to make the subject a little brighter or not quite so bright. Your choice may be based on desired aesthetic qualities, or may be forced by extremes in lighting.

Generally speaking, you don’t want to make the subject too bright; you just want to brighten shadows. To achieve a subtle fill-flash effect, you may want to use some manually selected “minus” compensation.

However, when the background is extremely bright, and the subject is in deep shadows, you will probably want to use some “plus” compensation.

Although the SB-25 is quite powerful, when using it for fill-flash, it is competing with the sun’s brightness — very strong competition.

With Standard TTL Flash you can manually compensate

exposure by adjusting the flash output level.

You can also adjust flash output level for Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, Center-Weighted Fill-Flash or Spot Fill-Flash, in combination with the computer’s automatic compensation.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANU-

AL FOCUS (M).

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE.

Set Up and Practice

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm

This feature is available only in TTL Auto Flash mode.

in the LCD panel.

Press the button.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 F2-Series F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 ✗ FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 ✗ FE2 F-401x/N5005 FG

✗ F-501/N2020 Nikonos V

For F-601/N6006 and F-601

Make settings on the camera to control the SB-25’s flash exposure compensation; the SB-25 will works as set on the camera. The SB-25’s control buttons and LCD panel cannot be used for setting.

M/N6000 users

Confirm the indicator appears and (zero exposure compensation value) blinks in the LCD panel.

Press buttons for value adjustment.

Adjustment can be made while the value indicator is blinking. Simultaneously, the shooting indicator bars change.

Chapter

Press the button again to complete setting.

The the value indicator will automatically stop blinking in eight seconds unless you press the button. In this case, the last figure indicated will be set in the SB-25. The exposure compensation value remains in the LCD panel.

To cancel, readjust compensation value to 0 (steps 1

and 2), then press button or leave it more than

eight seconds so the indication disappears.

Exposure compensation on the camera

You can make additional compensation for background by using the camera’s exposure compensation dial.

For example, with compensation of –2 on the SB-25 and –1 on the camera body, the total compensated value for flash output level is –3, and the compensated value for the background will be –1.

Note that the SB-25’ s LCD panel shows only the compensated value of the SB-25.

For further information, see “Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial — To Make Background Lighter or Darker,” pages 108 and 109.

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Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial — To Make Background Lighter or Darker

Some camera models include an EV compensation control. Using this control you can modify the exposure to make your picture lighter or darker.

To make the picture lighter, use “+” compensation. For darker pictures use “–” compensation. How much compensation you choose depends on how much you want to modify the resulting picture.

Since the shooting distance range for TTL Auto Flash varies with the amount of exposure compensation, make sure your subject falls within the range before shooting.

You can use the LCD panel for confirmation by altering the ISO film speed value and observing changes of distance indicator bars .

Hints and Notes

Chapter

Flash exposure compensation

Additional compensation for the subject can be made by using flash exposure compensation control.

For further information, see “Flash Exposure Compensation — To Make Flash-Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker,” pages 106 and 107.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 ✗ F3-Series ✗ F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 F2-Series ✗ F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s FM2 F-601/N6006 ✗ FA ✗ FG-20 ✗ F-601M/N6000 ✗ FE2 ✗ F-401x/N5005 ✗ FG ✗

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

• First, make necessary exposure compensation on the camera. Then, use the chart on the next page, “Assumed ISO film speeds,” to set an assumed ISO film speed in the SB-25’s LCD panel that corresponds to the actual ISO film speed in use. See “Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 and 29.

• For TTL Auto Flash, be sure the substituted film speed falls within the range of “usable films” that ensure correct exposure with your camera.

• Confirm whether subject is within the range shown by the shooting distance indicator bars . If not, make necessary adjustments; move farther or closer.

Assumed ISO film speeds

Film speed in use

50 100 200 400

800/1000

Exposure compensation value

+3 +2 +1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5

———25 50 100 200 400 800 ——25 50 100 200 400 800 — — 25 50 100 200 400 800 ——

25 50 100 200 400 800 ——— 50 100 200 400 800 ————

100 200 400 800 —————

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Chapter

Open Flash Button — For Test Firing

Push the button for a test firing when you are not sure whether the subject is within the flash shooting range.

For test firing, Non-TTL Auto Flash mode is used because reflected flash light from subject is measured by the light sensor on the front of the SB-25 rather than through the lens (TTL) on the camera. The results, however, can be used for TTL-auto flash.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Hints and Notes

• Set the SB-25 and your camera in the same manner indicated in “Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode,” pages 80 and 83.

• After confirming that the ready-light is on, push the openflash button and check that the ready-light remains on. If the ready-light blinks, light may be insufficient at the aperture selected. If so, move closer to the subject or select a wider aperture.

Built-In Wide Flash Adapter — For Shorter Focal-Length Lenses

The SB-25 comes with a wide flash adapter to cover the full range of short focal length lenses.

For focal lengths shorter than 24mm, consider using the

wide flash adapter to achieve expanded coverage.

When you use the wide flash adapter, the zoom head is

automatically adjusted and the LCD panel shows

with indication.

While the adapter is used, the automatic zoom-head position adjustment does not function for F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 or F-801s/N8008s cameras, even when used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest DType) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Mounting/Removing wide flash adapter

A.To mount the wide-flash adapter, slide out the adapter

(the diffuser card comes out with it). B.Close only the adapter to cover the head. C.Slide the diffuser back to its original position.

• To remove, uncover the adapter and slide back to its origi-

nal position.

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Zoom-Lock Capability — To Fix Zoom-Head Position

A predetermined zoom-head position is useful when you wish to use an AF Nikkor lens or a Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU interchangeably with another type. It also provides flexibility when using lenses of different focal lengths in rapid succession.

Set Up and Practice

Trouble With Wide Flash Adapter

In certain situations, the zoom head may lock at the 20mm position (adapter does not return to original position). If this happens, perform following operation.

Although the adjusted zoom-head position and/or indication will blink if the wide flash adapter is stored in its original place, this does not affect normal flash operation.

Chapter

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Press and buttons simultaneously for a few

seconds until indication starts blinking.

Next, press button only to set desired zoom-head

position. This position remains locked as long as the

indication continues blinking.

To unlock, press the same buttons simultaneously for a

few seconds until the indication stops blinking or

totally disappears.

Press and buttons

simultaneously for a few seconds

until the previously set number and the

indication start blinking.

Automatic zoom-head position adjustment: F90-

Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU

Press only button to set your

desired zoom-head position. To resume automatic adjustment with certain camera/lens combinations (see page 30), press button until the indication above disappears.

The SB-25 automatically adjusts the zoom-head position to provide an angle of coverage that matches the focal length of the lens in use. For details, see page 30.

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AF Assist LED — Autofocus Flash Photography in Dim Light

The SB-25’s AF assist LED enables you to perform autofocus flash photography in dim light or even total darkness with some Nikon AF cameras.

When ambient light is insufficient for autofocus operation, the AF illuminator automatically turns on to start operation and give contrast to a dark subject, allowing the camera’s autofocus system to function as though it were daytime.

If ambient light is sufficient, the AF illuminator does not light up.

Before proceeding:

✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.

✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.

✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A)

✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE

MODE

Hints and Notes

• Check that the SB-25’s ready-light has come on.

• Lightly press the camera’s shutter release button to acti-

vates the AF illuminator LED. Do not use autofocus lock function.

• In Rear-Curtain Sync Flash with the F-601/N6006, a light pattern from the AF assist LED sometimes affects the picture. To prevent this, confirm that the LED light pattern has disappeared before shooting.

• Usable autofocus lenses are: With Nikon F-501/N2020: AF Nikkor lenses from 35mm to 105mm (including the latest D-Type) With other cameras: AF Nikkor lenses from 24mm to 105mm (including the latest D-Type)

Chapter

Notes on AF assist LED

Autofocus distance range with AF assist LED depends on the lens in use and subject’s reflection ratio.

For example, with an AF Nikkor 50mm f/1.8 lens (including the latest D-Type lens) and a subject having 35% reflection ratio, you can perform autofocus from approx. 1m (3.3 ft.) to approx. 8m (16.4 ft.), at 20˚C (68˚F).

If the ready-light does not stay on after the AF assist LED activates, replace batteries.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 F3-Series F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 ✗ F2-Series F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s ✗ FM2 F-601/N6006 ✗ FA FG-20 F-601M/N6000 FE2 F-401x/N5005 ✗ FG

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V

• Confirm whether in-focus indicator LED I in the camera’s viewfinder appears. If the in-focus indication does not appear inside the viewfinder, the subject is beyond the autofocus distance range (see at right “Notes of AF assist LED”); focus manually on the clear matte field.

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Power Switch Standby (STBY) Position — To Conserve Energy and Shorten Recycling Time

Setting the power switch to STBY position turns on the SB-25, but the SB-25 will also automatically shut off to conserve flash battery energy.

When you will not use the SB-25 for a long time, howev-

er, it is recommended to set the power switch to OFF.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 ✗ F3-Series F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 ✗ F2-Series F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s ✗ FM2 ✗ F-601/N6006 ✗ FA ✗ FG-20 ✗ F-601M/N6000 ✗ FE2 ✗ F-401x/N5005 ✗ FG ✗

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Hints and Notes

• With the SB-25’s power switch on standby (STBY) position, the unit turns off to conserve energy approx. 80 sec. after the camera’s meter has turned off.

• To turn the SB-25 on again, lightly press the shutter release button to turn the camera’s meter on, or push the SB-25’s open-flash button .

• When using a remote cord with the FA or FE2 connected to Nikon Motor Drive MD-12, camera remains on as long as the MD-12’s power switch is on. In this case, the SB-25 will not turn off in STBY position. Use OFF position to turn it off manually.

• You cannot use the STBY position to turn on the SB-25 when using it with an FA, FE2 or FG set on a mechanical shutter setting (M250 or B setting with the FA or FE2, M90 or B setting with FG or Nikonos V). Use ON position to turn it on manually.

Chapter

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Chapter

Guide Number — To Calculate a Proper Aperture

The “guide number” helps you determine a correct aperture or f/stop value for using the SB-25’s Manual Flash and Repeating-Flash mode. (See “Guide number” chart, page

139.) Use the following equation for your calculations, and

check the following chart for guide numbers at various film speeds.

[f/stop] =

For example, when shooting a subject located 9 m

(approx. 30 ft.) away at 1/1 (full) light output in (Manual Flash) mode, with a zoom-head position of 35mm and a film speed of ISO 100, you will obtain a guide number of 36 (or

118) from the same chart on page 139.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

[guide number]

[flash-to-subject distance]

If measuring in meters;

[f/stop] =36= 4

Or, if measuring in feet;

[f/stop] =

You should then choose f/4 as the proper aperture.

For films other than ISO 100, multiply the above figures

by the factors shown in the following chart:

Adjustment factors for other ISO film speeds

ISO film speed

Factor

If the film speed in the above example was ISO 400 rather than ISO 100:

[f/stop] =36x 2 = 4 x 2 = 8

Or, if measuring in feet;

[f/stop] =

You should then choose f/8 as the proper aperture.

118

= 3.93 ≈ 4

25 50 100 200 400 500 1600

x 0.5 x 0.71 x 1 x 1.4 x 2 x 2.8 x 4

118

x 2 = 3.93 x 2 = 7.86 ≈ 8

Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh Shadows

With a subject in front of a wall, a direct flash causes harsh and unattractive shadows. By bouncing the light off the ceiling or walls, or by diffusing the light with card(s) or paper, you can soften harsh shadows and create attractive portraits.

The SB-25 comes with a built-in diffuser. You can use it alone or with a combination of other reflecting surfaces for advanced application.

There are a few ways to diffuse light:

1. Bounce light off a broad reflective surface such as the ceiling.

2. Use both the ceiling and the built-in diffuser card to create a catchlight for subject's eyes.

3. Use a diffuser between the flash and the subject.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

1. Light can be bounced off the ceiling.

2. Natural-appearing light with a pleasing catchlight in the eyes.

3. Use some translucent material between the flash unit and subject.

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Chapter

90˚90˚

75˚75˚

60˚60˚

45˚45˚

0˚0˚ 7˚7˚

90˚

75˚

60˚

45˚

0˚ 7˚

60˚

0˚

30˚

60˚

90˚

30˚

90˚

180˚

150˚

Diffusing Light

Tilting/Rotating flash head

• The SB-25’s flash head tilts and rotates as shown at right.

• The flash head locks at the front/horizontal and vertical

(90° upward) positions. To release, use the tilting or rotat- ing lock release lever.

LCD panel

• The LCD panel cannot be used to compute flash shooting distance when the flash head is tilted upward or rotated away from the horizontal/front position. In these cases, the shooting distance indicator bars do not appear in the LCD panel.

• The shooting distance indicator bars blink when the flash head is tilted downward to the -7° position. This position is used to shoot a subject within 1.5m (approx. 5 ft.).

For F90-Series/N90 users

In bounce photography with the flash head tilted or rotated, the SB-25 does not fire Monitor Preflash(es), even for 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash operation.

Tilting: up to 90°— front — down to –7°

0˚

90˚

120

150

90˚

180˚

Rotation: to right 90°— front — to left 180°

Built-in diffuser card for bounce flash photography

• Use the diffuser card to create a catchlight for the subject’s eyes, an effect that is not always available in bounce flash photography.

• The diffuser can be used to provide supplemental light to the face or front of the subject, thereby brightening shadows created by top-lighting or bounced flash from the ceiling.

Mounting/Removing diffuser card

A.To mount the diffuser card, slide out the wide flash

adapter; the diffuser card comes out with it. B.Slide the adapter back to its original position. C.To remove, side the diffuser back to its original position.

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Chapter

Diffusing Light

Bounce Flash Photography

Bounce flash (above; with ceiling): Soft, natural-looking lighting. Direct flash (below): Harsh, un-flattering lighting

• Select a ceiling or wall to bounce the flash from.

• The built-in diffuser card can be effective for creating more

natural lighting with a catchlight for the eyes.

• Tilt the flash head 60° up (first click-stop) or more to avoid uneven illumination.

• In color photography, only use bounce with white surfaces. Otherwise, color photographs will come out with an unnatural color cast similar to that of the reflecting surface.

• Choose position (flash mode selector) for TTL Auto Flash operation. Use an aperture a few stops wider than you would use for regular TTL Auto Flash operation. For further instruction, see the TTL Auto Flash Mode section relating to your camera type.

• Although the flash mode can be used for Non-TTL Auto Flash, perform a test firing. If the ready-light blinks after testing to indicate possible underexposure at the aperture in use, use a wider aperture or reduce the bounce distance. Then, perform test firing again.

Using a Diffuser

• To diffuse light, place a translucent material, such as one or more sheets of tracing paper between the flash and the subject. Avoid using delicate materials for the diffuser, and ensure a sufficient distance between the flash head and diffuser to avoid burns. For optimum results, experiment with different flash-to-diffuser distances and with more than one diffuser

• In TTL Auto Flash operation, the SB-25 will automatically compensate for the diffuser affect (reduced light amount) in TTL Auto Flash mode. For further instructions, see the TTL Auto Flash Mode section relating to your camera type. Note that the LCD panel cannot be used to compute flash shooting distance in bounce photography.

• To protect the diffuser from burning, be sure it does not come in direct contact with the flash head.

• Avoid reflection from the translucent material into the lens.

Bracketing your exposures

If possible, take additional shots with different apertures and/or exposure compensation techniques for exposure bracketing. Bounce/diffuser techniques reduce the maximum distance available for a given aperture due to the extra distance required for the flash light to travel, or amount of diffusion, or blockage.

Set the camera’s exposure compensation dial in the + or – direction (not possible with the F-401x/N5005, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s and FM2) for TTL Auto Flash operation, or with the lens opened up one or two f/stops for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation.

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Close-Up Flash Photography in TTL Auto Flash Mode — To Flash On A Very Close Subject

Optional TTL Remote Cord SC-17 or SC-24 lets you perform TTL Auto Flash shooting on a subject closer than 0.6m (2 ft.).

Hints and Notes

• Connect the SB-25 to the camera, using the SC-17 or SC-24*.

* Used for F4-Series with the DW-20 or DW-21 attached.

• Position the SB-25 so light from the head covers the subject.

• Mount the built-in flash adapter. The zoom-head position is automatically adjusted. Confirm the LCD panel shows with indication.

• Use aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode.

• Choose position (flash mode selector) for TTL Auto

Flash operation. For further instruction, see the TTL Auto Flash Mode section relating to your camera type.

For example, to shoot a subject located 0.5 m away with an ISO 100 film and a wide-flash adapter:

[f/stop] ≥

You can then use an aperture of f/8 or smaller (a larger fnumber). As far as conditions allow, you should choose the smallest aperture (as large an f-number) possible.

• With a very light- or dark-toned subject, take additional shots with other exposure compensation conditions to ensure a correct exposure. See “Flash Exposure Compensation” on pages 106 and 107, and “Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial” on pages 108 and 109.

0.5

= 8

Chapter

ISO film Speed and coefficient

ISO film speed 100 or lower 125 — 400 500 or higher Coefficient* 4 (14) 8 (26) 11 (36)

* Numbers in parentheses ( ) represents coefficients for foot measurement

system.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

F90-Series/N90 F4-Series ✗ F-301/N2000 ✗ F3-Series F-801/N8008 ✗ F-401/N4004 ✗ F2-Series F-801s/N8008s ✗ F-401s/N4004s ✗ FM2 F-601/N6006 ✗ FA ✗ FG-20 F-601M/N6000 ✗ FE2 ✗ F-401x/N5005 ✗ FG ✗

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V

• Determine the aperture or f/stop value using the following equation and chart, then set on the lens. The SB-25’s LCD panel cannot be used to compute shooting distance.

[f/stop] ≥

[coefficient]

[flash-to-subject distance]

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Multiple Flash Photography — Using More Than One Speedlight

If you have another flash unit, you can use it as a secondary light source for multiple flash photography. When you use only one flash unit in front of a subject, harsh shadows may be produced or light may not reach the background. Using more than one flash unit helps you solve these problems.

Carefully consider the number of flash units to use and their locations. For better results, position each unit so its light can brighten a shadow created by another.

See also “System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash,” pages 130 and 131.

APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS

✗ F-501/N2020 ✗ Nikonos V ✗

Precaution for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash

Rear-Curtain Sync Flash can be performed in multiple flash photography only with the F-601/N6006 and

M/N6000 cameras.

F-601

Rear-Curtain Sync Flash cannot be performed in multiple flash shooting with F90-Series/N90, F4Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s cameras.

Chapter

Caution

To avoid damage to flash units or incorrect operation, never mix Nikon Speedlights with flash units of other manufacturers.

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Chapter

Multiple Flash Photography

TTL Multiple Flash Photography

• Use the TTL multiple flash terminal for connecting other Speedlights via optional sync cords.

• You can use one Speedlight for the master flash unit and up to four other units for slaves. See the following chart to confirm available Speedlights for master and slave use.

• Note the following when using an F90-Series/N90 camera for TTL Auto Flash operation with multiple Speedlights:

a. Use the SB-25 as a slave flash unit whenever possi-

ble, or

b. When using the SB-25 as master, avoid Monitor

Preflashes* by (1) upward tilting or rotating the flash head (the distance indicator bars disappear), (2) using a lens other than AF Nikkor (including D-

type) or AI-P lenses to perform Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, or (3) performing Standard TTL Flash.

* Because 3D Multi-Sensor and Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash take advan-

tage of the SB-25’s Monitor Preflash and the camera’s TTL Multi-Sensor, it is difficult to manage such fill-flash operations for TTL Multiple Flash Photography, especially when using the SB-25 as a master flash unit with other slave flash unit(s). The Sensor system is designed to analyze Monitor Preflash reflection from a single SB-25 (ideally, mounted on the camera) and to control light output from that particular unit, but not from the other slave(s).

• Use optional Multi-Flash Sync Cord SC-18 (1.5m) and/or SC-19 (3m) to connect flash units via the SB-25’s TTL multiple flash terminal. Remove the rubber cover to use.

• Use optional TTL Remote Cord SC-17 or SC-24* for use with the SB-23, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18 and/or SB-15 as a master flash unit.

* Used for F4-Series with the DW-20 or DW-21 attached.

• Use optional TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 for use with the SB-22, SB-21, SB-20, SB-18 and or SB-15 as a slave flash unit.

• Use optional TTL Remote Cord SC-23 for use with the SB-140, SB-14 and/or SB-11.

• The SB-11/14/140 (even with SC-23) or SB-21 cannot be used for TTL multiple flash photography with the F-401/ N4004 and F-401s/N4004s.

• Use the ON position to activate a slave flash unit; the STBY does not function (SB-25, SB-24, SB-22 and SB-20). The SB-23 offers only OFF and TTL/STBY positions for power switching. This means it cannot be used as a slave.

When a second shot cannot be taken (F90Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/ N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601M

/N6000, F-401x/

N5005, and F-501/N2020)

For multiple flash photography, if the electronic current in the synchro circuit exceeds a certain level, you may not be able to take a second shot after taking the first shot.

Take care that the combined total of the coefficients (numbers shown in parentheses below) for all Speedlights used at any one time does not exceed 20 at 20°C (68°F), or 13 at 40°C (104°F).

If you are unable to take a second shot, disconnect the master Speedlight from the camera, or turn each of the Speedlights off once. This resets the circuits so you can resume shooting.

Speedlight coefficients

SB-25 (1) SB-24 (1) SB-23 (4) SB-22 (6) SB-21 (4) SB-20 (9) SB-19 (2) SB-18 (16) SB-17 (4) SB-16 (4) SB-15 (4) SB-14 (1) SB-12 (1) SB-11 (1)

Manual Multiple Flash Photography

• Use the sync/multiple flash terminal for connection with other Speedlights via optional sync cords.

• Use optional Sync Cord SC-11 or SC-15.

• Set and use Manual Flash mode on each Speedlight

for correct exposure.

Speedlights for TTL multiple flash photography

Master

Slave

SB-25, SB-24, SB-23, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18, SB-16B or SB-15

SB-25, SB-24, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18, SB-17, SB-16A, SB-16B and/or SB-15

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System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash

SC-14

SC-24

DW-21 DW-20

DA-20 DP-20

SC-17

SB-21A

SB-16A

SB-17

SB-11

SB-14•140

SC-23

SB-21B

SB-15

SB-16B

SB-20

SB-22

SB-23

SB-25

SB-24

SB-21B

SC-23

SB-11

SB-14•140

SB-16B

SB-24SB-22

SB-15

SB-20

AS-10

SB-16A

AS-11

SB-16B

AS-10

SB-24

AS-10

SC-18 SC-19

AS-10

SB-25

SB-17

AS-11

SC-18 SC-19

Note: The SB-11, SB-14, SB-140 cannot be used with the F-401/N4004 or F-401s/ N4004s either as a master or slave unit.

Slave

flash unit

Chapter

Multiple Flash Photography

Using SC-18 or SC-19, up to five flash units can be used for multiple flash photography, at a total length of 10m (33 ft.).

F3-Series

F4-Series

F90-Series/N90

F-801/N8008,

F-801s/N8008s

F-301/N2000 FA FE2 FG

F-601/N6006, F-601

V-Type Sync Cord

M/N6000

Nikonos V

F-501/ N2020

F-401/N4004, F-401s/ N4004, F-401x/N5005

flash unit

Master

SC-18 (1.5m/4.9 ft.) SC-19 (3m/9.8 ft.)

Precaution for SC-19/ SC-18 connection

Neither of these cords should be used for connecting one camera/ Speedlight combination to another.

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Accessories for TTL Multiple Flash

TTL Remote Cord SC-17

Use coiled cord SC-17 for TTL Auto Flash operation when using the SB-25 off the Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4-Series (with DP-20 or DA-20), F-801/ N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2 and FG cameras.

The SC-17 provides automatic sync speed setting and the same ready-light viewfinder indication as if the flash unit were directly mounted on the camera.

The SC-17 comes with two TTL multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. It is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long.

TTL Remote Cord SC-24

Use SC-24, for TTL Auto Flash operation when using the SB-25 off a Nikon F4-Series camera fitted either with a 6x High-Magnification Finder DW-21 or Waist-Level Finder DW-20.

The SC-24 comes with two TTL multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. It is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long.

M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-501/

Chapter

Multiple Flash Photography

TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10

Use Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 when using more than three units for TTL multiple flash operation.

The AS-10 comes with three multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. (Requires SC-18 or SC-19 for each flash use.)

TTL Multi-Flash Sync Cord SC-18 and SC-19

To connect the flash unit for TTL multiple flash operation, use Sync Cord SC-18 or SC-19.

The SC-18 is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long; the SC-19, 3m (9.8 ft.) long.

AS-10

SC-19

Chapter 5

132

SC-17

SC-18

SC-24

Notes on Speedlight

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Chapter

2.5° ≥ θ

2.5° ≤ θ

“Red Eye”

“Red eye” is a common problem in flash photography. Normally, flash pictures are taken when the surroundings light is dim, and under such conditions the subject’s eye pupils will be dilated (open very wide). Red-eye effect occurs when light from the camera’s flash reflects off the interior of the eye and back into the camera’s lens. The wide-open pupil allows much light to enter, and as a result, the center portions of a subject’s eyes can appear bright red (white in a black and white picture). It is interesting to note that the intensity of the red-eye effect varies among individuals, and with two people in the same photograph, one may have red-eye and the other may not.

The appearance of red-eye is also based on the angle at which the light flash on the subject and is reflected back to the camera’s lens. If the angle is 2 to 2.5 degrees or narrower, red-eye will occur. As you move closer to a subject, the angle becomes wider, and the likelihood of red-eye effect decreases. As you move farther from a subject, the angle narrows and the incidence of red-eye increases. When you get very far from a subject, the size of the eye in the picture may become so small that red-eye is not apparent, but when you switch to a lens with a longer focal length the redeye will become more apparent.

Angle of reflection vs. distance to subject

A narrow angle of reflection (θ: less than 2.5°) increases the likelihood of red eye.

It is sometimes possible to reduce red-eye effect by moving closer to the subject, or the right or left, thereby increasing the angle of reflection.

Flash Sync Mode Selector vs. Position

The SB-25 is capable of synchronizing flash output with shutter curtain movement, for either the front (first) curtain or rear (second) curtain.

At position, the Speedlight synchronizes flash output at the moment the front curtain has fully opened (at the end of front curtain movement) but before the rear curtain has started to travel. This is called “frontcurtain sync flash,” and is the most popular sync method in flash photography.

At position, the unit synchronizes the flash to the instant before the rear curtain starts to close (the end of film exposure). Therefore, it is called “rear-curtain sync flash.”

The position can be chosen to create special effects, and is most effective for freezing a moving subject at the end of a light flow, especially in flash photography at a slow shutter speed.

For F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/ N8008s Users:

• Front-curtain sync is performed at setting.

•“Rear-Curtain Sync” flash is performed at setting.

For F-601/N6006 and F-601M

• The sync mode, whether front- or rear-curtain, or slow or not, must be set on the camera. The selection is executed regardless of the SB-25’s selector position. Therefore, we recommend you leave the selector switch on the

For F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/ N4004, F-401s/ N4004s, FA, FE2, FG, Nikonos V, F3Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 Users:

• Front-curtain sync is performed at either or

setting. These models are not capable of rear-curtain sync. Therefore, regardless of circumstances, we recommend you leave the selector switch on position.

position in any circumstances.

/N6000 Users:

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Tips on Speedlight Care

Chapter

• To remove smudges, wipe with a silicon-treated or other soft, dry cloth. Never use thinner, benzine or alcohol

— they might damage plastic parts.

• Never disassemble or repair the

Speedlight. If the SB-25 malfunctions, take it immediately to an authorized Nikon dealer or service center.

• Keep the SB-25 away from salt water and out of the rain.

• Keep the SB-25 away from high temperatures, and do not store in a damp place.

• When not using the SB-25, remove batteries to avoid damage due to battery leakage. If leakage occurs, take the SB-25 to your nearest Nikon dealer.

• When not using the SB-25, perform the following once a month:

1. Install batteries, turn on the SB-25.

2. Wait until the ready-light comes on.

3. Fire flash a few times to refresh the main capacitor and lengthen the unit’s life.

4. Turn off the SB-25, and remove the batteries.

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Chapter

About Batteries

New batteries

Purchase the newest (freshest) batteries possible.

Temperature

Battery life ratings are based on operation at 20˚C (68˚F). Especially at a lower temperature, battery life is shortened. Keep spare batteries and if possible, use NiCd batteries.

Continuous use

Batteries are drained more quickly by continuous use than by intermittent use.

Storage

Store batteries in a cool, dry place, below 20˚C (68˚F).

Battery brand

Do not mix battery brands or models, or new and old batteries.

Disposal

Do not dispose of batteries by burning, and never disassemble batteries.

NiCd batteries

Compared with regular batteries, NiCd batteries offer a faster recycling time and greater efficiency at low temperatures.

Before charging NiCd batteries, thoroughly read the

instructions for the batteries and battery charger.

Batteries with a “+” terminal that exceeds 6mm (0.23”) in

diameter cannot be used.

DC Units SD-8/SD-7

Nikon DC Unit SD-8 or SD-7 can be used as an optional external power source to enhance flash capacity and provide faster recycling time.

To use the DC Unit, connect its power cord SC-16 to the SB-25’s external power terminal. Even when powered with the DC Unit, the SB-25 still requires batteries inside the flash unit. Do not remove the batteries.

In continuous shooting with the DC Unit, to prevent flash head deterioration caused by heat, do not exceed the maximum number of flash listed below.

It is recommended to rest for more than 10 minutes after firing near the maximum numbers.

Maximum consecutive firing

SB-25 Flash mode

TTL Auto Flash

Non-TTL Auto Flash

Manual Flash

Repeating Flash

15 15

15 (at full or 1/2 power) 40 (at 1/4 power or less)

15 15

Maximum number of flash

SD-8

15 (at full or 1/2 power) 40 (at 1/4 power or less)

SD-7

Specifications

All performance data are for normal-temperature operation (20° C/68° F).

Electronic construction:

Automatic Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and series circuitry.

Guide number (at ISO 100: for m/ft.):

Light output

1/1 (full)

1/2

1/4

1/8

1/16

1/32

1/64

20mm 24mm 28mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm

20/66 30/98 32/105

14/46 21/69 23/75

10/33 15/49 16/52

7/23 10/33 11/36

5/16 7.5/25 8/26

3.5/11 5.3/17 5.7/19

2.5/8.2 3.8/17 4/13

Angle of coverage:

Zoom-head position Horizontal coverage Vertical coverage

20mm 102° 90° 24mm 78° 60° 28mm 70° 53° 35mm 60° 45° 50mm 46° 34° 70mm 36° 26° 85mm 31° 23°

Zoom-head position

36/118

42/138

26/85

30/98

18/59

21/69

13/43

15/49

9/30

10/33

6.4/21

7.5/25

4.5/15

5.3/17

48/157

34/112

24/79

17/56

12/39

8.5/28

6/20

50/164

36/118

25/82

18/59

13/43

9/30

6.3/21

Zoom capability:

Seven settings — 20mm (with the built-in wide flash adapter), 24mm, 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 70mm, 85mm; auto power zoom with the Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s; manually set with other cameras.

Bounce capability:

Flash head tilts down to –7° or up to 90° with click stops; flash head rotates through an arc of 270°, 90° clockwise and 180° counterclockwise with click stops; at front and vertical positions, flash head can be locked

Power source:

Four 1.5 AA-type penlight alkaline-manganese, or 1.2V NiCd batteries; optional Battery Pack SD-8 and SD-7 are available as an external power source.

Power switch:

Three positions are provided — OFF, STBY (standby) and ON; at STBY position with Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006,

M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/

F-601 N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG, Nikonos V, FM2 or FG-20, SB-25 turns off automatically when flash unit is not used for approx. 80 seconds, and turns on when camera is turned on.

Flash duration (approx.):

1/1000 sec. @ 1/1 (full) output 1/1100 sec. @ 1/2 output 1/2500 sec. @ 1/4 output 1/5000 sec. @ 1/8 output 1/87000 sec. @ 1/16 output 1/12000 sec. @ 1/32 output 1/23000 sec. @ 1/64 output

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Chapter

Specifications

Number of flash and recycling time at manual full light output:

Batteries

AA-type alkaline-manganese

External power source SD-7*

External power source SD-8*

AA-type NiCd 40 times 5 sec. 5—30 sec. External power

source SD-7* External power

source SD-8*

* With either alkaline-manganese or NiCd batteries installed in the SB-25. **Data measured with fresh batteries. Note: Data for light output at 1/1 (full), no use of AF assist LED and LCD panel illuminator.

C-type alkalinemanganese

AA-type alkalinemanganese

C-type NiCd

AA-type NiCd

Number

of flash

(approx.)

100 times 7 sec. 200 times

300 times 400 times

100 times 200 times 250 times

140 times 1.6 sec.

100 times 1.6 sec. 2—30 sec.

Minimum recycling

time**

(approx.)

6 sec.

3 sec.

Recycl-

ing time

(approx.)

7—30 sec. 6 sec.

6—10 sec. 6—30 sec.

3—5 sec. 3—9 sec. 3—30 sec.

1.6—30 sec.

Flash exposure control:

Four flash modes are provided — TTL, A, M and Repeating Flash

TTL mode :

Used with F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601

M/N6000, F-401x/

N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V.

Usable aperture range in TTL mode:

f/1.4 to f/22 (at ISO 100).

Shooting distance range in TTL mode:

0.6 — 20m (2 — 66 ft.).

A mode

For Non-TTL Auto Flash operation, light is measured via light sensor in front of the flash unit.

Usable apertures in A mode:

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8 and f/11 (at ISO 100)

Shooting distance range in A mode:

0.6 — 20m (2 — 66 ft.).

M mode :

For Manual Flash operation, light output amount can be varied from 1/1 (full) to 1/64 output (total of 18 steps in 1/3 increments).

Flash sync mode selector:

position is used for front-curtain sync with

all the cameras listed in this manual.

position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync flash with F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s.

Red-eye reduction control:

Preflashes are fired to reduce the likelihood of red-eye effect when used with F90-Series/N90.

AF assist LED:

In insufficient light, automatically fires LED beam toward subject when performing autofocus with Nikon F90Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-401/ N4004 or F-401s/N4004s.

Ready-light/Open-flash button :

Indicates recharged battery power (ready-light). In TTL Auto and Non-TTL Auto Flash mode, indicates possible underexposure by blinking. In Non-TTL Auto Flash mode, can be used as a test-firing button for lightamount detection. In Repeating Flash mode, can be used as a test-firing button for preset strobo flashes.

Built-in diffuser card:

In bounce flash photography application, creates natural lighting for catchlight in subject’s eyes.

Mount pin:

Fixes F90-Series/N90 on the hot shoe.

LCD panel illuminator:

Activated with button. Illumination lasts approx. eight seconds; same button turns illumination off.

Flash shooting distance scale:

Measurement systems can be switched between meters and feet using the lever inside the battery chamber.

FP High-Speed Sync flash:

Available with the F90-Series/N90. Enables higher shutter speeds (1/250 sec. or faster) for flash synchronization.

Monitor Preflash:

Available with F90-Series/N90 cameras when used with an AF Nikkor lens.

Other features:

External power source terminal, TTL multiple flash terminal and Sync/multiple flash terminal.

Dimensions (W x H x D):

Approx. 79 x 135 x 101mm (3.1 x 5.3 x 4.0 in.)

Weight (without batteries):

Approx. 380g (13.4 oz.)

Accessory provided:

Soft Case SS-24

Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice.

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Usable Aperture/Flash Shooting Distance Ranges In TTL Auto

and Non-TTL Flash Modes

Chapter

ISO film speed Shooting distance range (in meters)

1600 800 400 200 100 50 25

2.8 2 1.4 2.5 — 20 3.8 — 20 4.0 — 20 4.5 — 20 5.2 — 20 6.0 — 20 6.3 — 20 4 2.8 2 1.4 1.8 — 20 2.7 — 20 2.9 — 20 3.2 — 20 3.7 — 20 4.3 — 20 4.5 — 20

5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1.3 — 14 1.9 — 20 2.0 — 20 2.3 — 20 2.6 — 20 3.0 — 20 3.2 — 20 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 0.9 — 10 1.4 — 15 1.5 — 16 1.6 — 18 1.9 — 20 2.2 — 20 2.2 — 20

11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 0.7 — 7.0 1.0 — 10 1.0 — 11 1.1 — 13 1.4 — 14 1.5 — 16 1.6 — 17

f/ stopf/ stop

16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 0.6 — 5.0 0.7 — 7.5 0.7 — 8.0 0.8 — 9.0 1.0 — 10 1.1 — 12 1.1 — 12 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 0.6 — 3.5 0.6 — 5.3 0.6 — 5.6 0.6 —6.3 0.7 — 7.4 0.8 — 8.4 0.8 — 8.8 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 0.6 — 2.5 0.6 — 3.7 0.6 — 4.0 0.6 — 4.5 0.6 — 5.2 0.6 — 6.0 0.6 — 6.2

32 22 16 11 8 5.6 0.6 — 1.7 0.6 — 2.6 0.6 — 2.8 0.6 — 3.2 0.6 — 3.7 0.6 — 4.2 0.6 — 4.4

32 22 16 11 8 0.6 — 1.2 0.6 — 1.8 0.6 — 2.0 0.6 — 2.3 0.6 — 2.6 0.6 — 3.0 0.6 — 3.1

ISO film speed Shooting distance range (in feet)

1600 800 400 200 100 50 25

2.8 2 1.4 8.2 — 60 12 — 60 13 — 60 15 — 60 17 — 60 20 — 60 21 — 60 4 2.8 2 1.4 5.7 — 60 8.7 — 60 9.3 — 60 11 — 60 12 — 60 14 — 60 15 — 60

5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 4.1 — 46 6.2 — 60 6.6 — 60 7.4 — 60 8.6 — 60 9.8 — 60 10 — 60 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 2.8 — 32 4.4 — 49 4.7 — 52 5.2 — 58 6.1 — 60 7.0 — 60 7.2 — 60

11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 2.1 — 23 3.1 — 34 3.3 — 37 3.7 — 41 4.3 — 48 4.9 — 55 5.1 — 58 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 2.0 — 16 2.2 — 24 2.4 — 26 2.6 — 29 3.0 — 34 3.5 — 39 3.6 — 41 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2.0 — 11 2.0 — 17 2.0 — 18 2.0 — 20 2.2 — 24 2.5 — 27 2.6 — 29 32 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.0 — 8.2 2.0 — 12 2.0 — 13 2.0 — 14 2.0 — 17 2.0 — 19 2.0 — 20

32 22 16 11 8 5.6 2.0 — 5.7 2.0 — 8.6 2.0 — 9.2 2.0 — 10 2.0 — 12 2.0 — 13 2.0 — 14

32 22 16 11 8 2.0 — 4.1 2.0 — 6.1 2.0 — 6.5 2.0 — 7.3 2.0 — 8.6 2.0 — 9.8 2.0 — 10

:Programmed TTL Auto Flash with Nikon F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s. :Non-TTL Auto Flash mode.

• Usable film speeds depend on the camera model used.

Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set

at 20mm at 24mm at 28mm at 35mm at 50mm at 70mm at 85mm

Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set Zoom set

at 20mm at 24mm at 28mm at 35mm at 50mm at 70mm at 85mm

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No reproduction in any form of this manual, in whole or in part (except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews), may be made without written authorization from NIKON CORPORATION.

NIKON CORPORATION

FUJI BLDG., 2-3, MARUNOUCHI 3-CHOME, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100, JAPAN PHONE: 81-3-3214-5311 TELEX: NIKON J22601 FAX: 81-3-3201-5856

Printed in Japan 9&033-CO02 (S603)

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