Nikon SB-25 AF SPEEDLIGHT Instruction Manual
Autofocus Speedlight
Instruction Manual
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FOREWORD
Thank you for purchasing the Nikon Autofocus Speedlight
SB-25. Used with Nikon’s newest SLRs (F90-Series/N90,
F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006,
M/N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-401/N4004 and F-401s/
F-601
N4004s), it offers you the most advanced and complete
system for automatic flash photography available.
To get the maximum performance from your new SB-25,
be sure to take time to read the instruction manual carefully.
The Nikon N90, N8008, N8008s, N6006, N6000,
N5005, N4004 and N4004s are sold exclusively in the
U.S.A. The Nikon N2020 and N2000 are sold exclusively in the U.S.A. and Canada.
For Effective Use of This Manual
Using this manual is simple. Read the pages with shaded
index tabs indicating your camera name. These index tabs
lead you to all of the information you need to learn about
using the SB-25 with your camera.
The SB-25 and today’s newest Nikon models offer
exceptionally high performance. They include more features
than ever before, all of which can help you make great pictures.
Because there are so many features, the instruction manual is extensive, and may seem a little intimidating. We urge
you, however, to thoroughly read the manuals before you
begin using the SB-25. That way you will be fully familiar
with the features and the way they work.
For the convenience of latest Nikon SLR users, the SB-25
offers automatic adjustment functions when used with certain lenses. Automatic operations is detailed beside manual
operation in shaded boxes with mark.
By becoming thoroughly familiar with the SB-25, you will
be able to use its advanced features more effectively and
enjoy great results from the very beginning.
F90-Series/N90 Users
F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
F-601/N6006 and F-601
M/N6000 Users
F-401x/N5005 Users
F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users
F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users
FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users
F3-Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 Users
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Table Of Contents
FOREWORD
For Effective Use of This Manual.....................................2
Table of Contents ....................................................4 — 5
Chapter 1: Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus
Speedlight
Nomenclature...........................................................8 — 9
Main Features/Functions —
SB-25’s Flash Capabilities ..............................10 — 17
Fully Automatic Fill Flash ...................................10 — 13
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash.............................11
“TTL Multi-Sensor” Automatic Balanced
Fill-Flash With F90-Series/N90 ........................12
FP High-Speed Sync Flash..................................13 — 14
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash ..............................................15
Red-Eye Reduction Control...........................................16
Repeating Flash..........................................................16
SB-25 Feature Comparison: Flash Operations
Available with Your Camera .....................................17
Chapter 2: Before Flash Shooting
WARNING — TO AVOID INJURY..................................20
CAUTION — TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO
THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT ..........................................20
Getting Started — SB-25 Set-Up........................20 — 23
Selecting Measurement System,
Meters or Feet ........................................................21
Installing Batteries ............................................21 — 22
Attaching Flash Unit to the Camera
Accessory Shoe.............................................22 — 23
Checking Battery Power ..............................................23
Adjustment Functions — Using LCD Panel
and Built-in Functions .....................................24 — 30
Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/
Front Position ...............................................24 — 25
Using LCD Panel For Shooting-
Distance Computation....................................26 — 30
Setting ISO Film Speed
(Manual Adjustment)...............................27 — 28
Setting Aperture Value
(Manual Adjustment)...............................28 — 29
Setting Zoom-Head Position
(Manual Adjustment)...............................29 — 30
Chapter 3: Shooting Practice in Flash Modes
TTL Auto Flash Mode — Fill-Flash with
Automatically Compensated Flash Output ...32 — 79
For F90-Series/N90 Camera Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......33 — 39
For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s
Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......40 — 47
For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......48 — 56
For F-401x/N5005 Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......57 — 63
For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......64 — 69
For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......70 — 75
For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V Users:
Choosing A Flash Method/Set Up and Practice......76 — 79
Non-TTL Auto Flash
with Varied Lens Apertures.............................80 — 83
Manual Flash Mode — Manual Light-
Output Control .................................................84 — 89
Synchronization in Continuous Shooting........................89
Repeating Flash Mode — For Multiple
Exposure...........................................................90 — 95
Mode — Shooting
Chapter 4: Flash-Shooting Applications
FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash Photography
At Higher Shutter Speeds .............................98 — 103
Guide number in FP High-Speed Sync Flash .....102 — 103
Red-Eye Reduction Control — For Better
Flash Portraits..........................................................104
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For Natural
Light Flows...............................................................105
Flash Exposure Compensation — To Make Flash-
Illuminated Subject Lighter or Darker........106 — 107
Exposure Compensation with Camera’s Dial —
To Make Background Lighter or Darker....108 — 109
Open Flash Button — For Test Firing ................110
Built-In Wide Flash Adapter — For Shorter
Focal-Length Lenses...............................................111
Zoom-Lock Capability — To Fix Zoom-Head
Position .........................................................112 — 113
Trouble With Wide Flash Adapter ............................113
AF Assist LED — Autofocus Flash Photography
in Dim Light ..................................................114 — 115
Power Switch Standby (STBY) Position — To
Conserve Energy and
Shorten Recycling Time ..............................116 — 117
Guide Number — To Calculate
a Proper Aperture....................................................118
Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh
Shadow ..........................................................119 —123
Bounce Flash Photography.....................................122
Using a Diffuser ....................................................123
Close-Up Flash Photography in
TTL Auto Flash Mode — To Flash
On A Very Close Subject .............................124 — 125
Multiple Flash Photography — Using More
Than One Speedlights .................................126 — 132
TTL Multiple Flash Photography ..................128 — 129
Manual Multiple Flash Photography ........................129
System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash ............130 — 131
Accessories for TTL Multiple Flash..........................132
Chapter 5: Notes on Speedlight
“Red Eye” .....................................................................134
Flash Sync Mode Selector vs.
Position.....................................................................135
Tips on Speedlight Care..................................136 — 137
About Batteries............................................................138
Specifications ..................................................139 — 141
Usable Aperture/Flash Shooting Distance
Ranges In TTL Auto And Non-TTL
Flash Modes.............................................................142
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Chapter 1
Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus Speedlight
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Nomenclature
Chapter
1
Built-in diffuser card
Built-in wide flash adapter
Battery chamber lid
Slide and lift to open.
Flash head tilting lock
release lever
Meter/Feet select lever
(inside battery chamber)
Battery chamber
Accepts four 1.5V AA-type penlight batteries, either
1.5V alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd batteries
(voltage for NiCd batteries varies depending on
manufacturer; maximum permitted is 1.5V).
Flash head
Locks at the front position and the 90˚ position; tilts
up to 90° and down to –7°; rotates 90° to the right
and 180° to the left.
Autofocus assist illuminator LED
Enables autofocus operation in dim light or total
darkness.
Light sensor for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation
In Non-TTL Auto Flash operation, be careful not to
cover or otherwise obstruct the sensor.
External power source terminal
Accepts power cord of Nikon DC unit
SD-8/SD-7.
Mounting foot locking
wheel
Mount pin
Hot-shoe contacts
Mounting foot
Tilting angle scale
Rotating angle scale
Terminal cover
Keep terminal covered when not in use.
TTL multiple flash terminal
For TTL-exposure-control multiple flash
operation.
Sync/multiple flash terminal
For manual-exposure multiple flash operation.
Flash head rotating
lock release lever
LCD panel
See page 26.
Control buttons
See page 26.
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Main Features/Functions — SB-25’s Flash Capabilities
The SB-25 is a most versatile Speedlight which offers variety of convenient features to enhance your flash photography. To understand these features/function will help you
operate the SB-25 easily, therefore, enjoy more options and
creative possibilities. Each of following topics cover particular Nikon SLR models:
• Fully Automatic Fill Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,
F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601
N6000 and F-401x/N5005
• Standard TTL Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,
F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601
N6000, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004,
F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V
• FP High-Speed Sync Flash: F90-Series/N90
• Rear-Curtain Sync Flash: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series,
F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006 and
F-601
M/N6000
• Red-Eye Reduction Control: F90-Series/N90
• Repeating Flash: All the Nikon SLR models covered in
this manual
Fully Automatic Fill Flash
Generally performed at night or in dim light, flash photography can also be used to reduce shadows in pictures shot in
bright sunlight, resulting in a pleasing, more natural effect.
Using a flash this way, with ambient light, is called “fill-
flash.” When used with the SB-25, many Nikon SLR cam-
M/
eras provide Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash, to automatically
keep flash brightness in balance with the ambient light.
M/
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash
Thanks to a computer-controlled exposure meter (multisegment sensor) and TTL (through-the-lens) sensor, shutter
speed, aperture, and even flash output can be automatically
controlled to keep both subject and background in correct
exposure.
In Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, the camera’s Matrix
Metering System (i.e., multi-segment sensors) determines
the correct exposure based on ambient light. Flash output is
then controlled with the center-bottom-weighted TTL sensor which monitors light reflection from the film surface and
regulates timing to terminate output in realtime with flash
illumination. This way, flash illumination brightens the scene
(mainly foreground subject), but does not overpower the
ambient light exposure (background).
Chapter
The result is brighter shadows, sharper details and more
vivid colors. Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash operates in virtually
all light conditions within the camera’s metering range and
available synchronized shutter speeds. Operation is fast and
automatic, while it allows manual operation for exposure
compensation techniques to vary fill-flash effects.
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash operates when you switch
the metering system to Center-Weighted. This metering
system measures the entire scene and emphasizes its reading on the center area. By pointing the center-weighted area
at different parts of the scene, you can choose which
brightness level you want for basic available-light exposure.
By selecting Spot Metering System, Spot Fill-Flash operates in a similar manner as Center-Weighted Fill-Flash,
although the meter reads a narrower center area, or “spot.”
1
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
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“TTL Multi-Sensor” Automatic Balanced FillFlash with F90-Series/N90
After you depress the shutter release button and prior to the
shutter being activated, the SB-25 fires a series of nearly
invisible preflash, or Monitor Preflash.
These preflash are detected by the F90-Series/N90’s TTL
multi-sensor, analyzed for brightness and contrast, then
integrated with distance information from the lens (D-type
Nikkor) and other exposure control information for a balanced fill-flash exposure.
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be performed
with any built-in metering system, and is most effectively
used to achieve correct exposure in scenes that include:
• A mirror, white wall or other surface with extremely high
reflectivity
• Obstacle(s) in front of subject you wish to avoid
• Sunlight
• Subject against an “infinite” background (empty sky,
clouds, etc.)
With non-D-type AF or AI-P Nikkor lenses, Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash will be performed. Although the TTL
multi-sensor does not process distance information, the
advanced sensor system generally provides superior results
to Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash.
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash photography: particularly
effective for subject standing against a shiny object.
Standard TTL Flash
It is possible to manually select a flash compensation
level instead of having the computer do it automatically. Simply press the SB-25’s button to cancel
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash.
The camera’s computer-controlled TTL flash sensor
detects the total amount of light passing through the
lens and reflected from the film surface. The system
controls flash output so that the combination of ambient light and flash illumination will result in a correct
exposure.
Under bright-light conditions, the flash is automatically controlled to provide less light; under dim light
conditions, it will produce more light.
This system is not designed to automatically provide
a balance between flash and ambient light; it is limited
to efficient operation in dim-light conditions and is not
recommended for use in very bright lighting conditions. This system does not directly link the ambient
light meter and the flash’s TTL meter.
Chapter
Main Features/Functions
FP High-Speed Sync Flash
The SB-25 is capable of flash synchronization at shutter
speeds of 1/250 sec. or faster when used with the new F90Series/N90. Unlike other flash synchronization methods, the
flash consecutively emits light at an extremely rapid cycle
and exposure begins with the opening of the front (first) curtain and ends with the closing of the rear (second) curtain.
1
FP High-Speed Sync Flash: Allows a wider aperture, thus, shallower
depth of field for a blurred background.
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Y
F R F R
1
X
Y
F R
X
Y
X
22
The combination of high shutter-speed range and flash
sync capability provides you with more options for flash
photography in day-light conditions. It enables you to use a
wider aperture to blur the subject’s background (create a
shallow depth of field), light up shadowed areas in outdoor
photography, or even create light flow for fast moving subjects.
SB-25 sync flash
Light output
FP High-Speed
Sync Flash
Front-curtain sync flash Rear-curtain sync flash
Chapter
1
Main Features/Functions
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash
FP high-speed sync flash is only available in the SB-25’s
Manual flash mode when using the F90-Series/N90. For
details, see “FP High-Speed Sync Flash — Flash
Photography At Higher Shutter Speeds” on page 98.
X: Time duration
Y: Shutter curtain movement
: Front-curtain movement
: Rear-curtain movement
1: Film surface is exposed to
flash light throughout the
entire duration.
2: Film surface is exposed to
flash light for only part of
the time that the curtain
are open.
In “normal” flash synchronization, the flash fires at an early
stage of exposure (i.e., front-curtain sync). At slow shutter
speeds with a moving subject, this results in unnatural light
patterns.
For more natural lighting, use Rear-Curtain Sync. With
this method, the flash fires at a later stage of the exposure,
just before the rear, or second, shutter curtain starts to
close (i.e., rear-curtain sync), turning available light into a
stream of light that follows the flash-illuminated moving
subject. Rear-Curtain Sync is available with the F90Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s,
F-601/N6006 and F-601
M/ N6000.
For more details, see “Rear-Curtain Sync Flash — For
Natural Light Flow,” page 105 and “Flash Sync Mode
Selector
vs. ,” page 135.
A slow shutter speed could create light flow from a moving subject.
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash catches him/her with natural-looking light
stream.
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Chapter
1
Main Features/Functions
Red-Eye Reduction Control
“Red eye” effect occurs in flash photography when flash
pictures are taken in dim surroundings where the subject’s
eye pupils will be dilated (opened very wide). Light from the
camera’s flash reflects off the interior of the eye through the
wide-open pupil and back into the camera’s lens; the result
in the photo appears as bright red eyes.
The SB-25 fires three consecutive flash prior to the main
flash. This causes the subject’s pupils to constrict (become
smaller), reducing the appearance of red-eye.
The F90-Series/N90 offers this exclusive Red-Eye
Reduction Control to control preflash, for use in any flash
mode, except Repeating Flash mode. For more details and
setting operation, see page 104, and the camera’s instruction manual.
Red-eye effect can also be controlled by the angle at
which light strikes the subject and is reflected back to the
camera’s lens. For further details, see “Red Eye,” page 134.
Repeating Flash SB-25 Feature Comparison: Flash Operations Available with Your Camera
When used with any Nikon SLR, the SB-25 is capable of
strobo-effect multiple flash exposure at up to 160 flash per
frame; it also allows control of the amount of flash light output. Operation becomes simple once you learn how to
match the number and speed of flash to your desired shutter speed.
For details, see “Repeating Flash Mode — For
Multiple Exposure,” pages 90 to 95.
Repeating flash mode offers “strobo effect,” multiple exposure on a
single frame.
For details regarding your camera, see pages:
1) 33 to 39. 2) 40 to 47. 3) 48 to 56. 4) 57 to 63.
5) 64 to 69. 6) 70 to 75. 7) 76 to 79.
TTL Auto Flash 32 – 79
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash ✗
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash ✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ 3)✗
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash ✗ 1)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗ 3)✗
Spot Fill-Flash ✗
Programmed TTL Auto Flash ✗ 5)✗ 5)✗ 6)✗
Standard TTL Flash ✗ 1)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 2)✗ 3)✗
Non-TTL Auto Flash 80 – 83 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
Manual Flash 84 – 89 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
Repeating Flash (strobo effect) 90 – 95 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
FP High-Speed Sync Flash 98 – 103 ✗
Red-Eye Reduction Control 104 ✗
Rear-Curtain Sync Flash 105 ✗✗✗✗✗✗
Flash Exposure Compensation 106 – 107 ✗✗✗✗✗✗
Open Flash Button (test firing) 110 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
Built-in Wide Flash Adapter 111 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
Zoom-Lock Capability 112 – 113 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
AF Assist LED 114 – 115 ✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗
Standby Position (power switch) 116 – 117 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗
Bounce Flash (built-in diffuser card) 119 – 123 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
Close-up Photography (TTL Auto Flash) 124 – 125 ✗✗✗✗ ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
Multiple Flash Photography 126 – 132 ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
F90-Series/N90
See pages
1)
✗
1)
1)
F4-Series
F-801/N8008
✗ 2)✗
F-801s/N8008s
F-601/N6006
3)
/N6000
M
F-401x/N5005
F-601
4)
4)
3)
✗ 5)✗ 5)✗ 6)✗ 6)✗ 7)✗ 7)✗ 7)✗
F-401/N4004
F-501/N2020
F-301/N2000
6)
F-401s/N4004s
FA
FE2
FG
7)
F3-Series
Nikonos V
F2-Series
FM2
FG-20
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Chapter 2
Before Flash Shooting
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Chapter
2
WARNING — TO AVOID INJURY
• DO NOT FIRE FLASH NEAR THE EYES: Firing the flash
light very close to any person’s eyes can injure the retina,
thereby weakening eyesight or causing blindness.
• DO NOT TOUCH THE FLASH HEAD WHEN FIRING THE
SB-25: The flash head generates significant heat during
normal operation, which may cause burns. Also, when
using the flash, keep delicate materials away from the
flash head.
CAUTION — TO PREVENT
DAMAGE TO THE SB-25
SPEEDLIGHT
• DO NOT MIX OR USE THE SB-25 WITH OTHER MANUFACTURER’S CAMERAS, FLASH UNITS, OR ACCESSORIES (INCLUDING EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES):
Nikon is not responsible for malfunctions or other problems resulting from use of this product with any equipment other than Nikon brand products.
PROPER CARE AND STORAGE OF THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT
• SEE PAGES 136 AND 137, “Tips on Speedlight Care.”
BATTERIES: CARE AND CAUTION
• SEE PAGE 138, “About Batteries.”
Getting Started — SB-25 Set-Up
This section introduces preparations for using the SB-25,
such as installing batteries, attaching flash unit to your camera, and finally, turning the unit on. Follow these steps in
order, especially when using for the first time. This section
should serve as a practical guide for later reference.
ABNORMAL LC (LIQUID CRYSTAL) DISPLAY AND
MALFUNCTIONING
In certain cases, due to normal characteristics of the
built-in microcomputer, the speedlight may not operate or an abnormal display may appear, even with
fresh, properly installed batteries.
If this occurs, turn off flash and remove the batteries, then reinstall batteries and turn the power on. This
should properly reset the computer.
Selecting Measurement System, Meters or Feet
Slide the battery chamber cover in
1
the > direction and lift to open.
Slide the meter/feet lever (small
2
switch in the mouth of the chamber) to select desired indication (m or
ft.); this will appear in the LCD panel
while the speedlight is in use.
The lever is preset to meters (m) when
shipped from the factory.
Installing Batteries
Load four 1.5V AA-type penlight
3
alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd
batteries into the battery chamber. Be
sure to follow the indication
inside the chamber to ensure the batteries are properly loaded.
Using an external power source
For an external power source, use optional Nikon DC
Unit SD-7 or SD-8. For battery information, see page
138.
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Chapter
Getting Started
2
Close the battery chamber lid,
4
then slide cover to close.
Attaching Flash Unit to Camera Accessory Shoe
Turn the SB-25’s mounting foot
5
locking wheel to the loosened
position as far as it goes, without forcing.
For Nikon F3 Series users
The SB-25 can only be mounted on an F3 Series camera that uses a DE-2 or DE-3 finder. Be sure to attach
Flash Unit Coupler AS-4 or AS-7 to the camera’s
accessory shoe before mounting the SB-25 on the
camera.
Slide the mounting foot forward
6
onto the camera’s accessory
shoe as far as it goes.
Checking Battery Power
Tighten the locking wheel, taking
7
care not to over-tighten.
Precaution for Nikon F90-Series/N90 users
As the locking wheel is tightened, the SB-25 is firmly
attached to the accessory shoe with the mount pin. Be
extra careful that the locking wheel is completely loosened before removing the flash unit from the camera
or it may cause damage to both units.
Set power switch to STBY (stand-
8
by position) or ON to turn on the
speedlight.
If batteries are properly installed/
power is sufficient, ready-light will
come on, and LCD indications will
appear.
LCD figures and symbols for meters
(m) and feet (ft) do not appear simultaneously, as shown above. They are
shown together throughout this manual for ease of explanation.
Replace batteries with a fresh set:
With alkaline-manganese batteries — replace if readylight takes more than 30 sec. to light up.
With NiCd batteries — remove if ready-light takes
more than 10 sec. to light up.
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Adjustment Functions — Using LCD Panel and Built-in Functions
Tilting/rotating flash head, built-in zoom head, LCD panel
and control buttons for aperture/distance computation...
The SB-25 features many convenient functions. Proper
use will help you perform successful flash photography in
every situation.
Before practice, you should understand the adjustments
and reasons behind them. Once you have learned them,
you can make the most of the SB-25 for all kinds of flash
techniques.
Operation can be controlled manually or automatically,
depending on which Nikon SLR model is used. Manual
operation is described for each feature, then automatic
adjustment features are described within the boxed sections (with a mark).
Before proceeding:
✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/Front
Position
In “normal” shooting situations, the flash head should face
straight forward, tilted in the horizontal position. A
tilted/rotated head can be used for special techniques such
as close-ups or bounce flash photography.
Tilting/Rotating flash head to a position other than
horizontal and straight forward
Downward-tilted flash head (-7° position) is used for
taking pictures of subjects at a distance of less than
1.5m (approx. 5 ft.). When the head is set at this position, the distance indicator bars blink.
An upward-tilted and/or rotated flash head is used
for bounce flash photography. When the head is set
this way, the distance indicator bars do not
appear, to show the distance indication function is not
available.
See “Diffusing Light — To Soften Harsh Shadows,”
pages 119 to 123, for information on bounce flash
photography.
Tilt the flash head to the horizontal, until it click-stops.
1
The flash head locks both at the horizontal, facing straightforward (0° degree), and at the vertical, facing straight-up
(90° degrees).
To release from the locked position, slide the lock release
lever in the > direction, then, while holding the lever, tilt the
flash head.
Adjust the flash head so it faces straight forward —
2
check that it is not rotated to the right or left.
To unlock from the forward position, slide the lock release
lever in P direction, then, while holding the lever, rotate
flash head to either the right or left.
Chapter
Confirm indicator bars appear in the flash shoot-
3
ing distance scale (LCD panel). Bars do not appear or
will blink if the flash head is not set horizontal and straight
ahead.
If indicator bars do not appear in the LCD panel at all, check
whether the camera is turned on. If it is, lightly press the
shutter release button. If not, turn on the camera, then lightly press the shutter release button.
Indicator bars appear for eight seconds once activated (they
disappear after eight seconds). Lightly pressing the shutter
release button causes the bars to reappear.
2
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Chapter
Adjustment Functions
2
Using LCD Panel For Shooting-Distance Computation
Note: All LCD (liquid crystal display) figures and marks do
not appear simultaneously, as shown below. They are
shown together for ease of explanation.
Flash sync mode selector
Flash mode indicator
Film speed/Repeating flash indicator
Flash shooting distance scale
Zoom-head position indicator
Aperture indicator
Zoom button
Ready-light/open-flash button Power switch
Adjustment buttons
LCD panel
Flash mode selector
for Non-TTL Auto Flash expo-
sure control
for Manual Flash exposure con-
trol
for repeating flash
for TTL Auto Flash exposure
control
Exposure compensation indicator
Underexposure indicator
Exposure compensation/
underexposure value
Red-eye reduction control indicator
Light amount indicator
M button
Illuminator button
Select button
Confirming flash shooting distance is an indispensable step
for successful flash photography. The SB-25 can be used to
compute the appropriate distance range.
An appropriate flash shooting distance is determined
using the following variables:
• ISO FILM SPEED IN USE
• APERTURE VALUE
• ZOOM-HEAD POSITION
Indicator bars will appear to show a proper shooting
distance range only after all those variables have been set in
the LCD panel.
Automatic ISO film speed adjustment: F90Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, F-801s/
N8008s
No manual adjustment is required with these camera
models, because ISO speed of film in use is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.
When a film is not installed in the camera, ISO 100 is
indicated.
If no indication shows in the LCD panel, lightly press
the camera’s shutter release button.
Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment)
Push button so a film speed number starts blink-
1
ing beside the indication in the LCD panel.
Press adjustment button or to set the film
2
speed.
Operation in Repeating Flash Mode
Setting of ISO film speed is not required. The repeating flash indicator appears in the place of the film
speed indicator. For details, see pages 90 to 95.
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Chapter
Adjustment Functions
2
When the desired number
3
appears, press button to
complete setting. The indication will
stop blinking.
The film-speed indicator blinks during
adjustment, and stops blinking after
eight seconds unless an adjustment is
made with an adjustment button. The
last blinking number is automatically
set in this case.
Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment)
Automatic aperture
adjustment: F90-Series/
N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 or
F-801s/N8008s used with an AF
Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
No manual adjustment is
required with these camera/lens
combinations, because the controlled aperture is automatically
Push button so an aperture
1
value number starts blinking
beside the indication in the LCD
panel.
Press adjustment button or
2
When camera is in programmed auto
or shutter-priority exposure mode, be
sure to use an aperture indicated in
the camera’s viewfinder (a “controlled
aperture”).
In general, first set the aperture on the
camera, then use the same value for
the SB-25.
to set the aperture value.
set and indicated in the SB-25’s
LCD panel (except in Non-TTL
Auto Flash mode).
When the desired number
3
appears, press button to
complete the setting. The indication
will stop blinking.
The aperture-value indicator blinks
during adjustment, and stops blinking
after eight seconds unless an adjustment is made with an adjustment button. The last blinking figure is automatically set in this case.
Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment)
Press the button until the number
in the LCD panel shows the focal
length of the lens in use or shorter.
When using a zoom lens other than AF
Zoom Nikkor, set the shortest focal
length of the lens to determine the
zoom-head position that covers the
full zoom length range.
Also, refer to page 139 on “Angle of
coverage,” an angle which flash light
can cover in a zoom-head position.
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Automatic zoom-head position adjustment: F90-
Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/
N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
No manual adjustment is required with these camera/
lens combinations, because the SB-25 automatically
adjusts the zoom-head position to provide an angle of
coverage that matches the focal length of the lens in use.
With an AF Nikkor lens of fixed focal length (including
the latest D-Type), the zoom head automatically adjusts
to the closest available wider focal length setting.
With a zoom lens, the zoom head automatically adjusts
within the limits of the available coverage (from 24mm to
85mm).
You must set zoom-head position manually when
using your camera with other lenses or to select a specifically desired position.
Chapter
2
Adjustment Functions
For manual adjustment (with same camera/lens combinations as above)
Press button until your desired zoom-head position
appears in the LCD panel, and note the small above
the (shown as ). Automatic adjustment will
resume when the disappears.
Chapter 3
Shooting Practice and Flash Mode
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TTL Auto Flash Mode — Fill-Flash with Automatically
Compensated Flash Output
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
Chapter
3
In TTL Auto Flash mode, the SB-25 Speedlight can be used
for just about any shooting situation, from bright scenes to
dim lights. For precisely controlled exposures in wider
brightness ranges or more complex conditions, you can use
fill-flash techniques with automatic operation and/or
advanced user-controlled options.
The SB-25’s TTL Auto Flash mode offers even more flash
applications and options, such as flash synchronization with
slow shutter speeds (slow sync flash), bounce flash and creative close-up photography.
Even simple snap shots can be taken with a sophisticated touch. By setting the SB-25 to TTL Auto flash mode, you
can enjoy flash photography that is simple, yet the most
advanced available.
Using this flash mode with your camera
The SB-25 works in different ways, depending on which
camera it is used with. TTL Auto Flash mode, in particular,
offers several noteworthy features that vary from one model
to another. Be sure to read “Fully Automatic Fill-In Flash,”
pages 10 through 13, to become familiar with these SB-25
capabilities.
Use the following chart to locate pages relevant to your
camera model and the flash operation you wish to use.
TTL Auto Flash Mode: See pages
For N90/F90 Users 33 — 39
For F4-Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8000s
Users 40 — 47
For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users 48 — 56
For F-401x/N5005 Users 57 — 63
For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users 64 — 69
For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users 70 — 75
For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V users 76 — 79
For F3-Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 users
No information is provided for these models in this
section, because they do not function in TTL Auto
Flash mode.
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 enables you to perform any of the following fully
automatic fill-flash functions, or choose Standard TTL Flash.
(Functions are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.):
• 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
• Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
• Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
• Spot Fill-Flash
Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you
will perform with the lens in use and metering system set on
the camera. In most cases, the lens/meter combination
determines the flash method.
If you have extra lens(es), you may be able to select a
particular flash method. For example, by replacing a D-Type
AF Nikkor with an AI-P lens, you can switch from 3D MultiSensor to Multi-Sensor Fill-Flash.
By using the SB-25’s button, you can perform
Standard TTL Flash (except for P and Ps exposure modes),
regardless of lens type.
Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode
3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
Spot Fill-Flash
Standard TTL Flash
Flash Methods: F90-Series/N90 Settings and Lenses
Lens in
Use
D-Type
AF Nikkor
Lenses
AF Nikkor
lenses
AI-P lenses
Other
lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on camera; see instruction manual for infor-
2) Except D-Type and AF Nikkor lenses for F3AF.
3) You can not use the Ps mode as the shutter locks.
4) Only 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be
5) Exposure mode (P or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A), and
Camera’s Exposure Mode
1)
Programmed auto (P, Ps)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
Programmed auto (P, Ps)
Shutter-priority auto (S)
2)
Aperture-priority auto (A)
Manual (M)
Aperture-Priority auto (A)
3)
Manual (M)
mation.
performed; Standard TTL Flash is not available and the
used.
the mode indication blinks in the camera’s LCD panel; set desired aperture
manually.
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
4)
3D Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash
4)
Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash
5)
Center-Weighted
Fill-Flash
Center-
Weighted
button cannot be
Spot
Spot Fill-
Flash
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
3
Set Up and Practice
Some operations can be controlled automatically when the
camera is used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest
D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. In other cases,
operate manually.
The following instructions describe a situation where you
are using either a D-type Nikkor to operate 3D Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash, or an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or AIP lens to operate Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash. With
other lenses, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash will be performed.
Automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment:
AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or
Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The aperture and zoom-head position in use are automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.
For other lenses, set manually according to the
shooting situation. See “Setting Aperture Value
(Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 and 29, and “Setting
Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29
and 30.
Before proceeding:
✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL
FOCUS (M).
✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Remote TTL Auto Flash operation
The optional SC-17 cord enables you to use the SB-25
off-camera.
When performing 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced FillFlash, remote operation of the SB-25 works properly
only if the SB-25 is placed at a distance and angle
similar to the camera-to-subject distance/angle.
For other situations, switch to a flash method other
than 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash.
Setting Up SB-25
One of these marks appears for fully
automatic fill-flash; both disappear
for Standard TTL Flash
3. Flash sync
mode
selector at
NORMAL
5 Aperture
value and
zoom-head
position
2 Flash mode
selector at TTL
Auto
4 ISO
speed of
film in
use
1 For
selecting
flash
method
Press the button.
1
To perform 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash, confirm appears in the LCD panel.
To perform Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, confirm
appears.
To perform Standard TTL Flash, press the button so
that both and disappears.
Choose (flash mode selector). Confirm in the
2
LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selec-
3
tor).
position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash (see
page 105).
Confirm the ISO film speed has been set and appears
4
in the SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic ISO film speed
adjustment).
If not shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the camera’s
shutter release button.
Confirm the aperture value chosen on the camera and
5
zoom-head position have been set and appear in the
SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment).
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
3
Setting Up Your Camera
Select one of the following exposure modes:
6
a. Programmed auto (P or Ps)
b. Shutter-priority auto (S)
c. Aperture-priority auto (A)
d. Manual exposure mode (M)
Select a metering system:
7
a. Matrix metering system
b. Center-Weighted metering system
c. Spot metering system
Selecting an exposure-metering system on the F90Series/N90 camera
Either 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor
Balanced Fill-Flash will operate regardless of exposure
meter system chosen, when the camera is used with a Dtype Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P
lens.
Choose a meter to measure background exposure that
most effectively meets the photo requirements you wish
to achieve.
Perform other settings:
8
a. For programmed auto, set lens to minimum aperture
(highest f-number).
b. For shutter-priority auto, set lens to minimum aper-
ture (highest f-number), then set desired shutter
speed*.
c. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture.
d. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter
speed* and aperture.
* Camera automatically shifts to the fastest synchronization speed if you choose
a speed that is not within the synchronization range.
Quick reference on the relationship between usable
apertures and flash shooting distance
Use the table on page 142 in this instruction manual.
Confirming Settings
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly
9
press the shutter release button.
Use AE-L (Auto Exposure Lock) on the camera to capture
exact exposure information for your picture composition
(except when in manual exposure mode).
Confirm controlled aperture and shutter speed. These also
appear in the camera’s LCD panel.
The aperture in use (shown in the viewfinder) and shooting
distance indicator bars appear in the SB-25’s LCD
panel.
Over-/Underexposure warning (background
exposure)
For overexposure alert, HI or a “+ (positive)” value
appears in the F90-Series/N90 viewfinder and LCD
panel.
For underexposure, electronic analog displays (in
viewfinder and LCD panel) show Lo or a “– (negative)”
value.
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Firing Flash
Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
3
Confirm shooting distance.
10
Check whether subject falls within the range shown by the
shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25’s LCD
panel.
If not, move closer to subject or select a wide aperture (in
aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode). Then,
repeat steps 9 and 10.
Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in
11
focus.
Confirm ready-light is on in the camera’s viewfinder or on
the SB-25 .
Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus
indicator I in the camera’s viewfinder.
Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
12
Recheck ready-light and to see if it is blinking.
13
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the
flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have
been insufficient.
Then, reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move
closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.
Underexposure indication
When subject may have been underexposed, mark
and amount of underexposure (for example, )
appear in the SB-25’s LCD panel after firing.
To compensate underexposure in the above example, you might consider using an aperture at least 2
f/stops wider, or move closer to subject.
button to resume indication
The underexposure indication lasts only three seconds
Use the button to recall the indication last shown
in the LCD panel.
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TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
Choosing A Flash Method
The SB-25 enables you to perform the following flash methods. They are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.
• Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
• Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
• Spot Fill-Flash (not available with the F4-Series or
F-801/N8008)
• Standard TTL Flash
Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you
will perform with your camera, the lens in use and the
metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the
lens/meter combination determines the flash method. In
other cases, you may have to switch metering systems,
change lenses, or both.
By using the SB-25’s button, you can also choose
Standard TTL Flash, regardless of lens type.
For practice, read “Set Up and Practice,” from page 42
on.
Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
Spot Fill-Flash
Standard TTL Flash
Flash Methods: F4-Series Settings and Lenses
Lens in Use
(with MultiFinder
2)
DP-20)
AF Nikkor
3)
lenses
AI-P lenses
AF Teleconverter/
AF Nikkor
lenses for
F3AF/AItype Nikkor
lenses
(including
AI-S)
Other lenses
1)
Camera’s
Exposure Mode
Programmed auto
H)
(P, P
Shutter-priority
auto (S)
Aperture-priority
auto (A)
Manual (M)
Aperture-priority
4)
auto (A)
Manual (M)
Programmed auto
(P, PH)
Shutter-priority
auto (S)
Aperture-priority
auto (A)
Manual (M)
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced
Fill-Flash
Matrix
Balanced
Fill-Flash
Standard TTL Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
Spot
Standard
TTL Flash
Standard
TTL Flash
Flash Methods: F-801/N8008 Settings and Lenses
Lens in
Use
AF
Nikkor
lenses
AI-P
lenses
Camera’s Exposure
1)
Programmed auto
D, P, P
(P
Shutter-priority auto
3)
(S)
Aperture-priority auto
(A)
Mode
H
)
Manual (M)
Other
lenses
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for
2) With AE Action Finder DA-20, Center-Weighted Fill-Flash and Standard TTL
3) Includes the latest D-type Nikkor lenses, but excludes AF lenses for F3 Series
Aperture-priority auto
5)
(A)
Manual (M)
information.
Flash can be used. With Waist-Level Finder DW-20 and 6x High-Magnification
Finder DW-21, because Matrix and Center-Weighted metering systems cannot be used, only Standard TTL Flash can be used.
cameras.
Camera’s Metering System
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced Fill-
Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted Fill-
Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
6)
Chapter
Flash Methods: F-801s/N8008s Settings and Lenses
Lens in
Use
AF
Nikkor
lenses
AI-P
lenses
Camera’s Exposure
1)
Programmed auto
D, P, P
(P
Shutter-priority auto
3)
(S)
Aperture-priority auto
(A)
Mode
H
)
Manual (M)
Other
lenses
4) Exposure mode (P, P
5) Exposure mode (P
6) Matrix metering system automatically shifts to Center-Weighted, as shown by
Aperture-priority auto
5)
(A)
Manual (M)
or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A).
Set desired aperture manually.
(A), shown by the blinking mode indication in the camera’s LCD panel. Set
desired aperture manually.
the blinking indication in the camera’s LCD panel. Only Center-Weighted FillFlash is available.
H
H
D, P, P
, or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto
Camera’s Metering System
Flash
Center-
Weighted
Center-
Weighted
Fill-Flash
6)
Spot Fill-
Spot Fill-
Matrix
Matrix
Balanced
Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-
Spot
Flash
Flash
3
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Chapter
TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/N8008s Users
3
Set Up and Practice
Some operations can be controlled automatically when the
camera uses an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type)
or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU. In other cases, operate
manually.
Note that the following instructions describe a situation
where you are using either a D-type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor
(except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens.
Before proceeding:
✗ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA.
✗TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA.
✗USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL
FOCUS (M).
✗USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE
MODE.
Automatic zoom-head/aperture adjustment:
AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or
Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU
The aperture and zoom-head position in use are automatically set and indicated in the SB-25’s LCD panel.
For other lenses, set manually according to the
shooting situation. See “Setting Aperture Value
(Manual Adjustment),” pages 28 and 29, and “Setting
Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment),” pages 29
and 30.
Setting Up SB-25
Appears for fully automatic fillflash; disappears for Standard
TTL Flash.
3 Flash sync
mode
selector at
NORMAL
5 Aperture
value and
zoom-head
position
2 Flash mode
selector at TTL
Auto
4 ISO
speed of
film in
use
1 For
selecting
flash
method
Press the button.
1
To perform Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot
Fill-Flash, confirm appears in the LCD panel.
To perform Standard TTL Flash, press the button so that
disappears.
Choose (flash mode selector position). Confirm
2
3
page 105).
4
adjustment).
ISO speed of the film in use is automatically set. If not
shown in the LCD panel, lightly press the camera’s shutter
release button.
5
SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic aperture/zoom-head adjustment).
in the LCD panel.
Choose position (flash sync mode selector).
position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash (see
Confirm the ISO film speed has been set and appears
in the SB-25’s LCD panel (automatic ISO film speed
Confirm the aperture value chosen on the camera and
zoom-head position have been set and appear in the
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