Nikon SB-24 User Manual

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Nikon
Axitafiacus ^teetUi^
Instruction Manual
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CONTENTS

FOREWORD.................................................................................4
NOTES
NOMENCLATURE.....................................................................6-8
USABLE FLASH MODES WITH YOUR CAMERA................9-11
TTL AUTO [ID ............................................................................9
USABLE TTL FLASH MODES................................................10
NON-TTL AUTO H..................................................................11
MANUAL Ca ..........................................................................11
REPEATING FLASH ® ..........................................................11
FLASH SYNC MODE SELECTOR
READY-LIGHT INDICATIONS..............................................12-13
READY-LIGHT WARNING FUNCTIONS
SETTING POWER SWITCH.......................................................14
EXPOSURE COMPENSATION.............................................15-16
FLASH SIDE COMPENSATION.............................................15
CAMERA SIDE COMPENSATION
LIGHTING MANIPULATION
SETTING BEFORE SHOOTING
INSTALLING BATTERIES
ATTACHING FLASH UNIT TO
CAMERA ACCESSORY SHOE
ADJUSTING FLASH HEAD
SETTING ISO FILM SPEED SETTING ANGLE OF COVERAGE
TTL AUTO FLASH WITH
NIKON F4 OR F-801/N8008..............................................25-49
FILL-FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY
MATRIX BALANCED FILL-FLASH.........................................27
CENTER-WEIGHTED FILL-FLASH........................................28
STANDARD TTL FLASH.........................................................28
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12-13
17-24
18-19
20-21
22-24
11
16 16
17
20
26
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USABLE TTL AUTO FLASH ACCORDING TO
LENS/EXPOSURE MODE/METERING SYSTEM
COMBINATION...................................................................29
MATRIX BALANCED FILL-FLASH OPERATION
In Programmed Auto Exposure Mode...........................32-34
In Shutter-Priority Auto Exposure Mode
In Aperture-Priority Exposure Mode..............................39-42
In Manual Exposure Mode FLASH EXPOSURE COMPENSATION REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH—
For Natural Light Flows SHUTTER SPEED/APERTURE FOR
EACH EXPOSURE MODE.................................................49
TTL AUTO FLASH WITH NIKON F-401s/N4004s
SHOOTING BRIGHT AND DARK SUBJECTS
Programmed TTL Auto Flash—In Program or
Shutter-Priority Auto Exposure Mode............................51-53
TTL Auto Flash—In Aperture Priority Auto or
Manual Exposure Mode
AUTOMATIC BALANCED FILL-FLASH
TTL AUTO FLASH WITH OTHER CAMERAS
(with Nikon F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2
or FG).................................................................................57-63
PROGRAMMED TTL AUTO FLASH (with Nikon F-501/N2020
or F-301/N2000 in Programmed or Shutter-Priority
Auto Exposure Mode)....................................................57-59
TTL AUTO FLASH.............................................................60-61
EXPOSURE COMPENSATION WITH CAMERA’S
EXPOSURE DIAL...............................................................62
FILL-FLASH IN TTL FLASH MODE
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30-45 35-38 43-45
46-47
48
50-56 50-55
54-55
56
63
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AUTOFOCUS FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY (with Nikon F4,
F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020 or F-401s/N4004s)
NON-TTL AUTO FLASH-
For Shooting with Varied Lens Apertures
EXPOSURE COMPENSATION IN NON-TTL
AUTO FLASH MODE.........................................................68
USABLE APERTURES/SHOOTiNG DISTANCE RANGE
IN TTL AND NON-TTL AUTO FLASH MODES....................69
MANUAL FLASH—You Make All The Decisions
SYNCHRONIZATION IN CONTINUOUS SHOOTING
MANUAL FILL-FLASH
REPEATING FLASH-For Multiple Exposure.....................77-80
GUIDE NUMBER.......................................................................81
DIFFUSING LIGHT...............................................................82-85
BOUNCE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY PROCEDURE
USING A DIFFUSER..............................................................85
MULTIPLE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY
TTL MULTIPLE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY.............................87
SYSTEM CHART FOR TTL MULTIPLE FLASH ACCESSORIES FOR TTL MULTIPLE FLASH
TTL Remote Cord SC-17....................................................90
TTL Remote Cord SC-24....................................................90
TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10..........................................90
TTL Multi-Flash Sync Cords SC-18 and SC-19
MANUAL MULTIPLE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY
CLOSE-UP FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY IN
TTL AUTO FLASH MODE
TIPS ON SPEEDLIGHT CARE
ABOUT BATTERIES..................................................................95
GLOSSARY........................................................................... 96-9/
SPECIFICATIONS 98-99
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64-65 66-68
70-76
73
74-76
83-85
86-91
88-89
90
90
91
92
93-94
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FOREWORD

Thank you for purchasing the Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-24. Used together with Nikon’s newest SLR models (F4, F-801/N8008, F-401s/N4004s), it offers you the most advanced and complete system for automatic flash photography available. Used with any earlier Nikon SLR model, it lets you take advan tage of TTL auto control and creative features such as Strobo­effect multiple flash exposures, and more. To get the maximum performance from your new SB-24, be sure to take time to read the instruction manual completely. It includes a great deal of important information, including explanations on how to use the newest, most advanced features. Even the most experienced photographers should thoroughly read this manual. Although the SB-24 controls may seem familiar, much of its operation is different from ordinary flash units. We know you're anxious to get started, so if you are in a real hurry, read the separate “QUICK AUTOMATIC OPERATION WITH THE NIKON F4 OR F-801/N8008:' This explains what you need to know to use the SB-24 and the newest Nikon SLRs in the most automaitc mode. You'll be surprised how easy that portion is, and you'll get balanced fill-flash pictures, as easy as point-and-shoot.
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Then, to learn about all the SB-24’s other great features, take time to read the complete manual. Your reward will be better flash pictures, with more variety than you ever imagined possible, and all done easily. One additional point. Throughout the manual you will see technical terms or photo expressions with which you may not be familiar. To help you learn these terms, we've included a Glossary. So it you come upon an unfamiliar term, check the glossary on pages 96~97.
The Nikon N8008 and N4004s are sold exclusively in the
U.S.A. The Nikon N2020 and N2000 are sold exclusively in the U.S.A, and Canada.
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NOTES

Do not fire flash near the eyes; doing so may injure the retina. Do not touch the flash head when firing the SB-24; it may be hot due to normal operation. Also, be sure to keep plastics and other delicate materials away from the
flash head when hot.
Nikon cannot be responsible for malfunctions or other problems resulting from the use of other manufacturers' flash units, cameras or accessories, including external power sources.
In certain cases, due to normal characteristics of the built­in microcomputer, the speedlight may not operate or an abnormal display may appear, even with fresh, properly installed batteries. If such a case occurs, turn off the flash and remove the batteries, then reinstall batteries and turn the power on. This should properly reset the computer.
“Red eye” is a common problem in flash photography. Normally, flash pictures are taken when the surrounding light is dim, and under such conditions the subject's eye pupils will be dilated (open very wide). Red-eye effect occurs when light from the camera’s flash reflects off the interior of the eye and back into the camera’s lens. The
wide-open pupil allows much light to enter, and as a result, the center portions of a subject's eyes can appear bright
red (white in a black and white picture). It is interesting to note that the intensity of the red-eye effect varies among individuals, and with two people in the same photograph,
one may have red-eye and the other may not.
The appearance of red-eye is also based on the angle at which the light flashes on the subject and is reflected back to the camera's lens. If the angle is 2 to 2.5 degrees or narrower, the red-eye will occur. As you move closer to a subject, the angle becomes wider, and the likelihood of red-eye effect decreases. As you move farther from a subject, the angle narrows and the incidence of red-eye increases. When you get very far from a subject, the size of the eye in the picture may become so small that red-eye is not apparent, but when you switch to a lens with a longer focal length, the subject becomes bigger and red eye may become apparent. With an angle exceeding 2.5 degrees, red-eye is not likely to occur. For example, with a 35-55mm range lens and when standing about 1.4m (4.5 ft) or closer to the subject, the angle between the flash and lens exceeds 2.5 degrees and red-eye effect will most likely not be visible.
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NOMENCLATURE

Flash head
Locks at the front position; tiits up to 90° and down to
-7°; rotates 90° to right and 180° to left. For bounce
flash photography, see pages 83 to 85.
Battery chamber lid
Slide and lift to open.
Flash head tilting lock release lever
Meter/Feet select lever (Inside battery chamber)
Battery chamber
Accepts tour 1.5 V AA-type penlight batteries, either
1.5V alkaline-manganese or 1,2V NiCd batteries (voltage varies depending on manufacturer; maximum permitted is 1.25 V).
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Autofocus assist illuminator LED
Enables autofocus operation in dim light and
total darkness.
Light sensor for non-TTL auto flash operation
In non-TTL auto flash operation, be careful not to cover or otherwise obstruct the sensor.
External power source terminal
Accepts power cord of Nikon DC Unit SD-7.
Mounting foot
Hot-shoe contacts
Mounting foot locking wheel
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Flash head rotating lock release lever
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Flash sync mode selector (see page 11)
NORMAL for front-curtain sync flash REAR for rear-curtain sync flash
REAR. .fNORM^
Flash mode selector (see pages 9 to 11)
tilt for TTL auto flash exposure control
ES for non-TTL auto flash exposure control
Ea for manual flash exposure control ES for repeating flash
Flash mode indicator
Film speed/Repeating flash indicator
Flash shooting distance scale
Angle of coverage indicator
Aperture indicator
M button
In TTL auto mode with F4 or F-801/N800B:
Push to cancel/activate automatic flash output level compensation.
In manual/repeating-flash mode
Push to manually select flash output power.
Zoom button
Push to manually set zoom head focal length position.
Illuminator button
Push to illuminate the LCD panel.
Ready-light/open-flash button
For ready-light indication, see pages 12 to 13.
LCD panel

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Exposure compensation indicator
Exposure compensation scale
Light amount indicator
Note: Some marks on the LCD panel may blink; in this manual, blinking is indicated by ^

Select button , <

Controls use (on/off) of adjustment buttons.
Adjustment buttons (A and ▼)
For adjusting flash output level, aperture value, number of flashes, frequency, etc.
Power switch
See page 14.
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USABLE FLASH MODES WITH YOUR CAMERA

TTL AUTO an

In this mode, the camera’s TTL flash sensor measures all the
light which passes through the camera’s lens and reflects off the film surface. This includes both ambient light and light from the SB-24 flash. The flash shuts off at the moment the sensor detects the correct exposure. Because the sensor detects light passing through the lens, it automatically adjusts for most flash shooting situations, including bounce flash, diffusion filters and colored or neutral-density filters used on the lens or on the flash head. The SB-24's automatic flash operation depends on the Nikon SLR model used. The chart on the following page indicates the automatic modes available for each SLR model shown.
The SB-24’s flash mode selector lets you select from four flash modes—TTL Auto UD , Non-TTL Auto El, Manual BJ or Repeating-Flash SS . When the power switch Is on, the flash mode Indicator confirms your selection in the LCD panel.
Subsequent sections of this instruction manual explain each of the different automatic modes. Available flash features also vary depending upon the type of Nikon lens used and camera on which it is used. The newest AF Nikkor lenses include built-in computers, and used with the newest Nikon SLR models (F4, F-801/N8008, F-401s/N4004s)— which incorporate a computer and multi-segment light meter— provide the most advanced flash operation, known as Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash.
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USABLE TTL FLASH MODES

Nikon camera Usable TTL flash
Described on
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash/Center­Weighted Fill-Flash/Standard TTL Auto
pages 25 to 49
L
F-801/N8008
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash (with AF Nikkor lenses/Standard TTL Auto including ^ ( pages 50 to 56
F-401S/N4004S
Programmed TTL Auto
Standard TTL Auto including Programmed ^ r TTL Auto (with Al-S-type lenses) L
pages 57 to 63 ]
F-501/N2020 F-301/N2000
Standard TTL Auto (all shutter speed settings except M250 or B)
^ [ pages 60 to 63
FA FE2
Standard TTL Auto (all shutter speed settings except M90 or B)
[ pages 60 to 63 ]
FG
TTL flash control with the SB-24 functions only with selected Nikon SLR models. F3 series, FM2 and FG-20 do not function with the
SB-24 and TTL operation. All other flash exposure modes (H El ES j function with these SLR models.
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NON-TTL AUTO H

In this mode, light is read through the light sensor on the front of the SB-24, instead of being measured through the lens. Exposure control requires that you manually adjust the lens aperture. For non-TTL auto flash mode, see pages 66 to 68.

MANUAL m

Lets you select flash power from full power of 1/16 power and set aperture according to flash-to-subject distance. Indicated on the LCD panel. For manual flash, see pages 70 to 76.

REPEATING FLASH SIS

This mode lets you flash a subject two or more times consecutively in the same frame. It enables you to select the number of flashes, flash speed (FIz) and power—either 1/8 or 1/16.
For detailed instructions on repeating flash, see pages 77 to 80.
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FLASH SYNC MODE SELECTOR—

(IIIIIIL)^ )
The SB-24 offers two types of flash synchronization, REAR and NORMAL. NORMAL synchronization, the way virtually all other systems operate, fires the flash at the beginning of the exposure. REAR synchronization, available with the Nikon F4 or F-801/ N8008, fires the flash at the end of the exposure. For short exposure (speeds up to 1/250 second) you can barely tell the difference befween the two methods. For longer expo sures, however, when subject movement during the exposure becomes evident, you can clearly see the difference. Rear synchronization tends to give a more natural effect, making the blur of subject movement appear to emanate from the back for a more comfortable visual effect. For details, see page 48.
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READY-LIGHT INDICATIONS

With the SB-24 turned on, its ready-light turns on to indicate the flash is ready to fire. To activate the viewfinder ready-light function when using the Nikon F4, F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020, F-401S/N4004S, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2, or FG, lightly press the shutter release button to turn on the camera’s meter.
• If the ready-light takes more than 30 sec. to light up when using alkaline-manganese batteries, replace with a fresh set.
• With NiCd batteries, if recycling time is over 10 seconds, recharge them.
* •
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READY-LIGHT WARNING FUNCTIONS

The ready-light in the camera viewfinder blinks in the cases
listed below. When blinking occurs, check the SB-24's flash mode selector setting, camera's shutter speed/mode selector
setting and/or film speed setting and adjust as necessary.
The ready-light will blink before shooting:
• When SB-24's flash mode selector is at TTL with cameras other than Nikon F4, F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020,
F-401S/N4004S, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2, or FG. Reset SB-24's
flash mode selector to A or M.
• When using the FA, FE2, or FG to perform TTL auto flash with the camera’s shutter speed dial at a mechanical setting (M250,
M90 or B). Reset to another shutter speed setting. To use M250, M90 or B, reset SB-24's flash mode selector to A or M.
• When performing programmed TTL auto or TTL auto flash operation with a camera film speed setting beyond the usable
range. Use film within the appropriate TTL auto flash photog
raphy range (ISO 25-1000 with F-501/N2020 or F-301/N2000; ISO 25-400 with F-401S/N4004S, FA, FE2 or FG). With the FA, the ready-light also blinks when the camera’s film speed
setting approaches ISO 12.
• When the shutter speed of the FE or FM2 is not within the flash sync speed range. Set the shutter speed to the flash sync speed or slower.
• With Nikon F-401S/N4004S, when the SB-24 and built-in flash are turned off, and the camera’s computer recommends flash use.
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After shooting;

With the SB-24 in TTL auto or non-TTL auto flash mode, if both viewfinder ready-light and SB-24 ready-light blink for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has operated at maximum power. Check the SB-24's LCD to determine whether you were standing at a distance beyond the indicated maximum range.
Depending on conditions, choose a wider aperture for maximum flash range (switch exposure mode to A or M if it is set at P or S), or move closer to the subject.
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F-801/N8008
F-401S/N4004S
F-301/N2000
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Page 22

SETTING POWER SWITCH

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To turn on the speedlight unit, use either STBY (STANDBY) or ON settings. With Nikon F4, F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020, F-401S/N4004S, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2, or FG, to conserve energy, use STBY position,
STBY (STAN DBY) Position —With Nikon F4, F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020, F-401S/N4004S, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2, or FG
In most cases, use STBY position to turn on the SB-24. In STBY
position, approx. 80 seconds after the camera's meter turns off, the SB-24 turns off to conserve power. To turn the SB-24 on again, lightiy press the camera’s shutter reiease button or the SB-24's open-flash button.
When using a remote cord with a Nikon FA or FE2 connected
to Nikon Motor Drive MD-12, the camera remains on as iong as the MD-12's power switch is on. (At STBY position SB-24 does not turn off.)
14
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Special Standby Function

In normal Standby function, when the camera's meter turns off, the SB-24 also turns off. To reactivate the SB-24, turn the camera’s meter on. With the following procedure, however, even after the camera's meter turns off, the SB-24 automatically
recharges In approx, one-hour Intervals, so it will always be
ready for long shooting sessions.
1. Set power switch to OFF to turn off the SB-24.
2. While pressing illuminator button, set power switch to STBY.
3. Confirm LCD panel display blinks approx. 8 seconds.
The SB-24 can be kept in standby for approx. 20 days with AA-type aikaline-manganese batteries or approx. 10 days with AA-type NiCd batteries.
To cancel this function, set the SB-24's power switch to
OFF.
ON Position —With Nikon FA, FE2 or FG:
To turn on the SB-24 when using a mechanical shutter setting (M250 with FA or FE2, M90 with FG, or B), you cannot use STBY position; set the power switch to ON.
When not using the SB-24, always set power switch to OFF to conserve battery power.
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EXPOSURE COMPENSATION

“Correct” exposure is a value based on combinations of film sensitivity, aperture and shutter settings necessary to produce a “technically correct" exposure result. In prac tical photography, we often want to vary the exposure results to create different versions of the same picture.
This is accomplished by using exposure compensation.
Exposure compensation can be accomplished in many ways. The accompanying chart indicates controls that enable compensation with the Nikon SB-24 and the latest
Nikon SLR models. In addition to changing the exposure, we can also modify a scene’s lighting by manipuiating
the light source, thus creating different lighting effects.
Exposure compensation
Flash side (flash exposure)
• Automatic compensation
• Automatic compensation + Manual adjustment
• Manual adjustment
Camera side (available-light exposure)
• Manual control
• Automatic control (Matrix Metering)
• Bracketing [■Manual ^Auto (with optional multi-control back)
The following is a brief explanation of the various compensation methods, including those accomplished automatically by the camera/flash computer control, those accomplished through user-controlled operation and alternatives which manipulate the lighting on a scene. As the results can vary depending on individual condi tions, you may want to experiment with each method. Experimenting for creativity is what this is all about.
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FLASH SIDE COMPENSATION
Computer, automatic: Nikon multi-segment light meters using advanced computer programs evaluate a scene’s brightness and contrast and calculate appropriate expo sure compensation to accommodate a \«ide variety of complex lighting conditions.
Computer, automatic pius manuai adjustment: auto matic control as noted above, but with a user-determined adjustment to the calculated exposure; accomplished using the SB-24’s EV compensation control.
Manuai adjustment: turn off the camera/SB-24 auto matic controls and select any manual adjustment using the SB-24’s EV compensation control.
Rear- or Front-Curtain Sync: not generally referred to as a compensation method, but can be considered so because it offers a "different” exposure result.
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Page 26

CAMERA SIDE COMPENSATION

Manual control: adjustment made via the camera’s EV compensation control; affects the entire exposure, both available light and light from the flash.
For available compensation range with each film speed, see the table below.
Automatic control: accomplished via the camera's
multi-segment metering system; preprogrammed at the
factory according to extensive testing.
Bracketing: results in a variety of different exposures, both under- and overexposed; can be accomplished either by using manual adjustments or by using an optional multi-control accessory back.
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LIGHTING MANIPULATION

Bounce flash; can be considered a compensation method since it offers variation to the exposure and augments available light; light may be bounced off various surfaces to create different results.
Multiple flash: using more than one flash to create specific lighting patterns on the subject. May be used either
with available light, or to obscure (overpower) the
effects of available light. Diffusers: devices placed in front of a camera lens to
soften a lighting effect or placed over each flash unit to modify the quality of the light source.
Indirect flash: removing the flash from the camera and holding it to the side, above or from below the subject to create distinctly different lighting effects. This requires a special extension cord which allows you to maintain automatic control.
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SETTING BEFORE SHOOTING

INSTALLING BATTERIES

4 Close the battery chamber lid, then
' slide cover back to close.
2 Slide the meter/feet lever to select
' the desired indication (meters or feet) on the LCD panel. (Set at meters when shipped from factory.)
3 Load four 1.5V AA-type penlight
" alkaline-manganese or 1.2 V NiCd batteries into the battery chamber. Be sure to follow the indicators inside the chamber to ensure batteries are properly loaded.
For an external power source, use optional Nikon DC Unit SD-7. For battery information, see page 95.
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Page 29

ATTACHING FLASH UNIT TO CAMERA ACCESSORY SHOE

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wise as far as it goes without forcing.
18
0 Holding the flash near the bottom,
' slide the mounting foot fonward into the camera’s accessory shoe as far as it goes.

For Nikon F3-series camera with DE-2 or DE-3 finder:

Attach the Flash Unit Coupler AS-4 or AS-7 to the camera’s accessory shoe before mounting the SB-24. The SB-24 cannot be mounted on an F3-series camera with other finders.
Using finger pressure only, gently but
■ firmly tighten the locking wheel.
Page 30
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g Set power switch to STBY (standby position) or ON to turn on SB-24. LCD panei appears. (For details about
' power switch setting, see page 14).
When it is necessary to set the aperture on the LCD panei using adjustment buttons, F blinks. For exampie:
• In Non-TTL Auto H flash mode (see pages 66 to 68).
• When using lenses without a built-in CPU.
• When using cameras other than the Nikon F4 or F-801/N8008.
J V-
Page 31

ADJUSTING FLASH HEAD

g_ Tilt the flash head to normal shooting position, and confirm
■ flash head is locked.
* •
»If flash head is set at -7°, the distance indicator bars
blink. Use this position with shooting distances less
than 1,5m (approx. 5 ft).
• For details on bounce flash photography, see pages 83 to 85,
Page 32

SETTING ISO FILM SPEED

TTI
ISO
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10. Set the ISO film speed.
With F4, F-801/N8008 or F-401s/N4004s: Turn on the camen
and lightly press the shutter release button. The film speed will be indicated on the LCD panel.
Page 33

With other cameras:

(1) Push select button so "ISO” starts blinking in the LCD panel. (2) While “ISO” is blinking, press the adjustment button T or A
to set the film speed in use.
If you do not press the adjustment button for approx. 8
seconds or more, "ISO" automatically stops blinking. To
reactivate "ISO," press the select button again.
(3) When the desired film speed appears, press select button
again to cancel blinking.
• If "ISO" stops blinking automatically, you do not need to press the select button again.
Except in Non-TTL Auto H flash mode, the film speed is essentially just a number displayed in the LCD panel. This means that, even if the displayed ISO number is incorrect,
as long all other camera and speedlight settings are correct, the subject will be correctly exposed. Therefore, fhe ISO setting cannot be used as an exposure compen sation control. A separate exposure compensation control provides that opportunity.
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Page 34

SETTING ANGLE OF COVERAGE

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11. Set the zoom head.

When using the F4 or F-801/N8008 with an AF Nikkor or Nikkor iens having a buiit-in CPU:

Within a covering power of 24mm to 85mm, the zoom head automatically adjusts to provide an angle of coverage that matches the focal length of the lens in use (indicated in the LCD panel). When used in automatic selection mode with AF Nikkor
lenses of fixed focal length, the SB-24 zoom head automatically adjusts to the closest available wider focal length setting. With zoom lenses, the zoom head automatically adjusts as the zoom
lens adjusts, within the limits of the available zoom coverage of the SB-24.
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1
F
It is also possible to select your desired angle of coverage
manually, by pressing the zoom button [ZOOM]. In the LCD panel, "M” appears above “ZOOM" indicator.
Page 36
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To return to auto position, repeatediy press the button untii the “M" above "ZOOM" disappears (next setting after M85mm).
For focai lengths wider than 24mm, slight vignetting will occur. Consider bounce flash or use of a diffuser card to achieve expanded coverage. For focal lengths longer than 85mm, the flash will provide over-coverage.
Page 37
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For other camera/lens combinations
Press the zoom button below the LCD panel until the figure in the panel shows the focal length of the lens In use or shorter. The figure changes as follows: -24mm-28mm-35mm-50mm­70mm-85mm­For zoom lenses other than AF Zoom NIkkor, to cover the full focal length range, select the zoom position that covers the shortest focal length of the lens (e g., with an AF28-85mm f/3.5-4.5 lens, select 28mm). "M" appears above “ZOOM" indicator when the zoom head is set manually.
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Page 38
The guide number changes according to the angle of coverage. See page 81.
If the shooting distance is less than 1.5m (approx. 5ft), or for close-up photography \Arhen SB-24 Is separate from the camera body, select the zoom position that is shorter than the focal length of the lens In use. To help ensure full flash coverage, be sure to aim the flash properly.
24
J
Page 39
Page 40

TTL AUTO HD FLASH WITH NIKON F4 OR F-801/N8008-

The SB-24 takes full advantage of the F4 and F-801/N8008's built-in computer, which automatically synchronizes the camera's shutter speed and lens aperture to provide precisely controlled exposures. The capability to handle wider brightness ranges and use fill-flash under more complex conditions varies from automatic operation to more advanced user-controlled options. With the Nikon F4 or F-801/N8008, by setting the SB-24 to TTL auto flash mode, you will achieve advanced yet simplified fill­flash photography.
You can choose any of the following flash categories—Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, Center-Weighted Fill-Flash or standard TTL flash, according to the SB-24's TTL mode (with or without auto matic flash output level compensation) and camera's metering system (Matrix or Center-Weighted).
y SB-24
Camera \ metering systen^
Matrix Metering Center-Weighted
Metering
With automatic flash output level compensation
imir^
Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fiil-Fiash
Without automatic flash output level compensation
in#i-
Standard TTL flash

Iini£3

0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318m
2 3 4 5 7 101520304 060 11
<i^
ISO
OOM mm F
nn^
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318m
2 3 4 S 7 10 15 20304060 ft
To cancel/activate automatic flash output level compensation, (to select either tmB^ or ), use the SB-24's “M” button.
F-801/N8008 F4 F-801/N8008
03*?So F*"i @ i)
DDL JLI r < B !l
To select either Matrix Metering or Center-Weighted Metering, use the F-801/N8008's metering system selection button, or for the F4, selectioh dial.
When the F4 is set for Spot Metering, only standard TTL flash
is avaiiabie and wiii be selected automatically.
• The SB-24 takes full advantage of a special photographic technique called rear-curtain sync flash. For details see page
48.
25
Page 41

FILL-FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY

A backlit subject, such as a person outside with their back to the sun, or indoors in front of a window, usually appears as a silhouette if the exposure is set for background brightness. If the exposure is set for a darker, silhouetted subject, then the background will be overexposed and appear washed out. A better result can be achieved by leaving the exposure set for the brighter background and then using the flash to illuminate the darker foreground subject. This brings the brightness of the foreground subject up to the brightness of the background. This technique is called "fill-flash", and fhe SB-24 fogether with a Nikon F4, F-801/N8008 or F-401s/ N4004S provides all the exposure control to automatically accomplish fill-flash.
With flash
Without flash
/j
Exposure compensated
26
Page 42
The SB-24 is capable of several different automatic fiii-fiash methods. The method you choose depends on the Nikon SLR model you use, lighting conditions, subject movement and the esthetic quaiities you wish to achieve. Carefully consider each picture situation.

MATRIX BALANCED FILL-FLASH

This is a feature of Nikon SLR models having muiti-segment iight meters (Matrix meter). The camera's Matrix meter reads the scene's iight ieveis and light patterns, and signais the computer, which then calculates the available-light exposure settings. When the shutter is released, the camera's TTL sensor senses available light and flash illumination, then reiays the information to the computer, which automaticaiiy controls the flash operation. The computer automatically determines the appropriate amount of fiash exposure compensation to use. When the computer senses just the right amount of fiash iiiumination for a baianced fili-flash exposure (based on the automatic compensation controi), the flash is turned off. The
result is a well-baianced photo with the correct exposure for both background and foreground subjects. Ali this takes place automatically and much quicker than it can be expiained.
Page 43
standard TTL Flash
27
Page 44

CENTER-WEIGHTED FILL-FLASH

While the Matrix meter can automatically measure up to five different segments of the scene's brightness, the Center­Weighted meter measures the entire scene and emphasizes its
reading on the center area. By pointing the center-weighted area at different parts of the picture, you can choose which bright ness ievei you want for the basic avaiiabie-light exposure, as compared to the Matrix system which uses computer evaiuation to determine the brightness/contrast ieveis upon which exposure wiii be based.
if the brightness vaiue you have seiected is within the controlied shutter/aperture range possibie, the fiash output compensation wiii be automaticaily set for a naturai fiii-fiash effect. The amount of computer seiected automatic compensation avaiiabie varies with each Nikon SLR modei. For defaiis, check your camera instruction manual, if you select a brightness value beyond the controlled shutter/aperture range, the fiash output will be set without compensation, as with standard TTL flash operation.
28
Page 45

STANDARD TTL FLASH

This mode may be used with either the Matrix Meter or Center-1 Weighted Meter. It differs from baianced fiii-fiash operation by
aiiowing you to manuaiiy select the amount of flash compensa- ’ tion instead of having the computer select it automaticaliy. You ' select the amount of compensation, from EV -i-1 to EV -3,
using the SB-24's EV compensation scaie.
Both Matrix and Center-Weighted modes always incorporate some form of computer compensation, even if you make adjustments manuaiiy. In Standard TTL mode, only your manually selected compensation amount is used.
For manual flash outpuf compensation, see pages 46 to
47.
I
Page 46

USABLE TTL AUTO FLASH ACCORDING TO LENS/EXPOSURE MODE/METERING SYSTEM COMBINATION

With F4
Lenses
AF Nikkor lenses
Al-P-type Nikkor ienses
AFTeleconverter/AF Nikkor
lenses for Nikon F3AF/ Al-type Nikkor lenses (including Al-S)
Other lenses
With F-801/N8008
---------
--------------
AF Nikkor lenses/
Al-P-type Nikkor lenses
Other lenses**
"■—Viewfinder
P
Ph
Matrix
Center-Weighted 0 0 0 0
Spot
Matrix
Center-Weighted 0* 0*
Spot
Matrix
Center-Weighted
Spot
_Exposure mode Pd
Matrix Center-Weighted 0 0
Matrix 0* O' 0
Center-Weighted
0
A A
0* 0* 0
A A A A
A A
A A A
A A A
PPhS A M
0
0* 0*
Multi-Meter Finder
DP-20
A M
S
0 0 0
A A A
0 0 0* 0*
A A
0
0
0 0
0 0
Waist-Level Finder
AE Action Finder
DA-20
P
S A M
Ph
0 0 0
A A A
0
DW-20/
6X High-Magnification
Finder DW-21
P
S A
Ph
- - -
-
A A A
0
0 0
A A A
A A A
A A
0
A A
A A A A
0 Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash O Center-Weighted Fill-Flash A Standard TTL flash
* Exposure mode automatically shifts to A. Select aperture manually.
** Includes AF Teleconverters, Al-type Nikkor lenses (including Al-S), Bellows
- - - -
A A
- - -
A A A
A A A
Focusing Attachment PB-6, Auto Extension Rings, etc.
0
O Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash O Center-Weighted Fill-Flash
A Standard TTL flash
* Exposure mode automatically
M
shifts to A. Select aperture manually.
• TTL Remote Cord SC-24 is required when using DW-20 or
A
-
DW-21.
29
Page 47

MATRIX BALANCED FILL-FLASH OPERATION

For Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, first make mar. .¡nohmalI
sure of the following:
ISO
ZOOM
♦ Set the SB-24's mode selector to TTL,
and confirm I1IM0 mark stays on.
If mark is blinking, push the SB-24's "M” button.
C^igl) )
0.60.81 1,5 2 3 4 6 9 1318m
2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060 ft
* Choose and set the flash sync mode
selector to NORMAL.
30
Page 48
F4
F-801/N8008
* Set the metering system on the
camera to Matrix Metering.
♦ For autofocus operation, choose and
set the camera’s focus mode to Single Servo Autofocus. (For details about autofocus flash photography, see pages 64 to 65.)
For Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Operation
Follow the procedure for Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, but set the camera to Center-Weighted exposure metering instead.
* Choose and set the camera’s film
advance mode to single-frame shooting.
• The usable film speed for TTL flash photography is ISO 25-1000.
31
Page 49

In Programmed Auto Exposure Mode

This mode automatically selects the optimum combination of aperture and shutter speed to match the film speed in use and the brightness of the scene. Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash in programmed auto exposure mode lets you concentrate
on picture composition and is desirable
when conditions are changing too fast for
you to pause for settings.
In programmed auto and shutter­priority auto exposure mode, you cannot use a non-CPU lens. With a non-CPU lens in aperture-priority auto exposure mode, set the camera’s exposure mode to A.
32
Set the F4 or F-801/N8008 camera's
1
exposure mode selector to P, PFI
or PD*
• For F-801/N8008 only.
1
2 Set lens to minimum aperture (i.e.
‘ highest f-number). If not properly set, the shutter locks. (F4 shutter displays FEE, but will fire.)
Page 50
F-801/N8008
lii»? 5 a 0 Q._,( {)
I • p(г5o FS) Confirm the controlled aperture and a
shutter speed between 1/60 sec. and
1/250 sec. appear in the camera’s viewfinder. The aperture-in-use and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-24's LCD panel. With the F-801/N8008, the controlled aperture and shutter speed also appear on the camera's LCD panel.
F-801/N8008
a“
m Qi 0 Fc' c'
0 Q,_,( i)
(KDfгг
Overexposure warning
For overexposure alert, Fll appears (together with lens’ minimum aperture for the F-801/N8008) in the position indicat
ing the camera’s shutter speed.
33
Page 51
<r<n
lUU
ISO
ofiORi 1R ? A fi a i3iam
2 3^T?TTu Tb ™S/^060 ft
J
3C
ZOOM J .tmm
M
F-801/N 8008
I ® p eso ~FT
Confirm the shooting distance range in the SB-24's LCD panel. The shooting distance range is automatically indicated
by the distance indicator bars.
Shooting distance range changes according to aperture value, film speeds, zoom setting and/or flash level compensation selected on the camera or SB-24. For shooting distance range, see page 69.
34
»When you remove your eyes from the
camera to confirm the information on
the SB-24's LCD panei, the camera
may move siightiy and cause the exposure vaiue to change. ,i n.
To prevent this, use the AEL (Auto Exposure Lock) bottom, i , [
4 Confirm the ready-light and in-focus
’ indicator are on, then fully depress the shutter release button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see
pages 12 to 13.
J
Page 52

In Shutter-Priority Auto Exposure Mode

This mode lets you manually set your desired shutter speed and the matching aperture will be selected automatically. Use a fast shutter speed to stop action, a slow one to produce a deliberate blur.
In programmed auto exposure mode and shutter-priority auto exposure mode, non-CPU lenses cannot be used. For aperture-priority auto exposure mode with a non-CPU lens, set the camera's exposure mode to A.
Page 53
1/30 sec.
35
Page 54
Set the F4 or F-801/N8008 camera’s
“ exposure mode selector to S.
36
2 Set lens to minimum aperture
" (highest f-number). If not properly set,
the shutter locks. (F4 shutter displays
FEE, but will fire.)
0 Set your desired shutter speed on the
' camera.
If you select a shutter speed faster than
1/250 sec. and turn the flash unit on,
the camera automatically shifts to
1/250 sec.
Page 55
v.:\V!’A ■
■a (!.?s FS.&) si
F-801/N 8008
5
J“
^гs f5.s:
s !)

5(.'г5 fs-sT"

Check the exposure.
With F4 camera: " i '
Check camera’s viewfinder to confirm the seiected shutter speed is between 4 sec. and 1/250 sec., (or X) and the aperture is controiied. The aperture-in-use and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-24’s LCD panel.
With F-801/N8008 camera:
Check the camera's viewfinder or LCD panei to confirm the selected shutter speed is between 30 sec. and 1/250 sec. and the aperture is controlled between f/2.8 and the lens’ minimum aperture. The aperture-in-use and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-24’s viewfinder.
37
Page 56
F-801/N8008
I n C
1 L II
C!-i ! ^ 51
I w *lrU.:U
S
0-!
fiTIE^
4nn
ISO
4UU
OfinBIIR? A R g 1318m
2^"?T'W'iB’S^304060 ft
z< c
ZOOM Jl ..I mm
S.S
F-801/N8008
(•) S Ic^S FS. 6
'
Overexposure warning
For overexposure alert, HI appears in the position indicating the oamera's aperture.
Shooting distance range changes according to aperture value, film speeds,
zoom setting and/or flash level compensation selected on the camera or SB-24.
For shooting distance range, see page 69,
Confirm the shooting distance range in the SB-24’s LCD panel. The shooting distance range is automatically indicated by the distance indicator bars.
Confirm the ready-light and in-focus
■ indicator are on, then fully depress
shutter release button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see
pages 12-13.
Page 57

In Aperture-Priority Exposure Mode

You select the lens aperture and the matching shutter speed is automatically selected. This mode is recommended for controlling depth of field.
f/5.6
39
Page 58
exposure mode selector to A
40
Page 59
F-801/N8008
[ *
/=M“
m (Bo F8)
B Q,-.,( i)
(So FS')
Check the exposure. Check the camera’s viewfinder to confirm the selected aperture and a controlled shutter speed between 1/60 and 1/250 sec. appear. The aperture-in-use and shooting distance indicator bars appear in the SB-24's LCD panel. With the F-801/N8008 camera, the selected aperture and controlled shutter speed also appear on the camera’s LCD panel.
Ll
F-801/N8008
Overexposure warning:
For overexposure alert, HI appears in the position indicating the camera’s shutter speed. Select a smaller aperture.
q 1K
n _ nil IB (H iO Fr/.3
B i)
■1 • R CkJ) f 3.3 «■■!»!••
41
Page 60
i ri rj
IU Lf
ISO
f^oa 115 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m
?TT?TiuT?20304060ft
z<c
ZOOM Jl Jmm
miri
4 n >”(
ISO
’0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4'
) u u
6 9 1318 m

2 3 4 5 7 10 15120304060ft

ZOOM ^Imm l\lLf >
If fir
OFFrJlON
F4
8
F-801/N8008
(•) R S o f8
Confirm the shooting distance range in the SB-24’s LCD panei. t

With other lenses:

Press the adjustment button to set the aperture to your selected lens aperture.

With an AF Nikkor or Nikkor lens w/built-in CPU:

The shooting distance range is automati cally indicated by the distance indicator
bars.
For example: With the zoom setting at 35mm and the film speed index at ISO 100, selecting f/8 lets you take pictures of subjects 0.6m to 4m (approx. 2ft. to 15 ft.) away
Shooting distance range changes according to aperture value, film speeds, zoom setting and/or flash level compensation selected on the camera or SB-24. For shooting distance range, see page 69.
42
4 Confirm the ready-light and in-focus
■ indicator are on, then fully depress
shutter release button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see'
pages 12 to 13. "
Page 61

In Manual Exposure Mode

In this mcxie, you set both the shutter speed and aperture manually according to the desired effect.
Page 62
F-801/N8008
Set the F4 or F-801/N8008 camera’s exposure mode
■ selector to M.
F-801/N8008
M I B

LU i>'i

lai? S o) Fbi.b
;)
2 Set your desired shutter speed within the sync range and
‘ set your desired aperture on the lens.
43
Page 63
F4
BS!
F-801/N8008
^ C □ mfi m \ Q
F-801/N8008 1
¿icQ ° -eu ° 1
/11
)fS.Si
0 qLj ill
/l(^5o
Check the camera's viewfinder to confirm manuaiiy seiected shutter speed and aper ture. The Eiectronic Anaiog Dispiay shows the difference in vaiue from the controiied range. Adjust aperture and/or shutter speed until the Electronic Anaiog Display indicates 0 or the desired vaiue. With the F-801/N8008, you can check exposure with the camera's LCD panei.
44
1 • fl(c"So FS
S C( F‘~l )
ihsfcrl)
Page 64
< ri rd
ISO ILIU
0.60.S1 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 2 3I 4 5 7 1015 2030 4060 ft
ZOOM 3 Timm
1318 m
ISO
0.60.1
n 1.5 2 3 4 6 9"
2 3
.4 5 7 1015 2030;
ZOOM Jl Jl mm
4 n n
4UU
318 m
ioeoft
F-801/N8008
I fS.S
+2..I..0..I..2-
Confirm the shooting distance range in the SB-24’s LCD panei.

With other lenses:

Press the adjustment button to set aperture to your selected lens aperture.

With an AF Nikkor or Nikkor lens w/built-in CPU:

The shooting distance range is automati-
caily indicated by the distance indicator
For example: With zoom setting at 35mm and films speed index at ISO 100, select ing f/4 lets you take pictures of subjects
1m to 9m (approx. 4ft. to 30ft.) away.
bars.
Shooting distance range changes according to aperture value, film speeds, zoom setting and/or flash level compensation selected on the camera or SB-24.
For shooting distance range, see page 69.
4 Confirm the ready-light and in-focus
■ indicator are on, then fully depress
shutter release button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see
pages 12 to 13.
45
Page 65

FLASH EXPOSURE COMPENSATION

Varying the amount of flash, in relation to the available-light exposure, creates different fill-flash effects. We say the fill-flash effect Is balanced when the flash Illumination is sufficient to brighten the subject to “almost” the brightness of the background. Some times we want to use a little more or less flash to make the subject a little brighter or not quite so bright. Your choice may be based on desired esthetic qualities, or may be forced by extremes in lighting.
Generally speaking, you don't want to make the subject too bright, you just want to brighten shadows. To achieve a subtle fill-flash effecf, you may wanf to use some manually selected “minus" compensation. However, when the background is ex tremely bright, and the subject is in deep shadows, you will probably want to use some
"plus" compensation. While the SB-24 is quite powerful, whenever using it for fill-flash,
it is competing with the sun’s brightness—very strong competition. With standard TTL flash (with E3 blinking) you can manually compensate exposure by adjusting flash output level. You can also adjust flash oufput level for Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash or Center-Weighted Fill-Flash, in combination with the computer’s automatic compensation.
nni23i^ ! .............................
ISO
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m
2 3 4 5 7 10 15 20304060ft
Press the SB-24’s select button, and
■ confirm the compensation scale
appears and indicator starts blinking
in the LCD panel.
+l”5'-i-2-3
Dm
OFFjSiON
46
Page 66
ZOOM mm F
\
HDB3 Whip)
ISO *Xp-i^-3
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m 2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060ft
ZOOM mm F
ODI^ ^ liii
ISO .+10-1-2-3
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m 2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060 ft
/
iI®](®]i(iDl francaii
2 While indicator is blinking, press
■ button to increase the value or “A” button to decrease it. The shooting dis tance range changes accordingly.
fCnnCDi
2 Press the select button again, then
' confirm 01 indicator stops blinking.
Setting is complete.
If you do not press the select button
within approx. 8 sec., the 21 indicator also stops blinking.
The exposure compensation value
remains in the LCD panei after setting.
(If exposure compensation value is 0.
the indication disappears.)
You can make additional com pensation by using the camera’s exposure compensation dial. For example, with compensation of
-2 on the SB-24 and -1 on the camera body, the total compen sated value for flash output level is
-3, and the compensated value for the background will be -1. Note that the LCD panel shows only the compensated value on the SB-24.
I
47
Page 67

REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH-For Natural Light Flows

ISea^Inormali
When used with the F4 or F-801/N8008, the SB-24 lets you synchronize the flash to the instant before the rear (second) curtain begins to close. Set the SB-24’s flash sync mode selector to ‘'REAR." This turns
available light into a stream of light that follows the flash-illumi
nated moving subject. Rear-curtain sync flash photography is most effective with slower shutter speeds. Although the slowest possible shutter speed for front-curtain sync flash photography in TTL mode (with camera at PD, P, PH or A) is only 1/60 second, with rear­curtain sync flash photography, depending on the background, you can slow the shutter down to 30 seconds.
In shutter-priority auto or manuat exposure mode, be sure to
seiect an appropriate shutter speed, in programmed auto or aperture-priority auto exposure mode, confirm shutter speed is not too stow. Otherwise, it couid affect image sharpness. To prevent camera shake, use a tripod.
• Rear-curtain sync fiash is avaiiabie when Hash mode selector
is set to TTL, A or M.
48
Page 68
Front-curtain sync
Page 69

SHUTTER SPEED/APERTURE FOR EACH EXPOSURE MODE IN TTL AUTO FLASH

In Matrix Metering (with 50mm f/1.4 lens at ISO 100)
Speedlight Front-curtain sync (NORMAL)
Exposure mode
PD*/P/PH S A
M
*F-801/N8008 only.
1/60-1/250 f/4-f/16(1) 1/60-1/250 f/4-f/16(1) 30-1/250 f/4-f/16(1) As set (3) f/2.8-f/16 (2) Asset (3) f/2.8-f/16(2) 1/60-1/250 As set 1/60-1/250 As set 30-1/250 As set 30-1/250 As set
As set (3) As set As set (3) As set As set (3) As set As set (3) As set
I': Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash (background correctly exposed; TTL flash level automatically compensated) I I: Standard TTL flash (background correctly exposed) ■ '
(1) Maximum usable aperture varies according to film speed in use; minimum aperture is the smallest aperture of the lens in
use. With the F4, aperture is automatically controlled between the lens' maximum aperture to its minimum.
(2) Maximum usable aperture is f/2.8; minimum aperture is the smallest aperture of the lens in use. With the F4, aperture is
automatically controlled between the lens’ maximum aperture to its minimum.
(3) When set from 1/500 to 1/8000 sec., the shutter is automatically set to 1/250 sec.
bear..[nWma3 la
C «np) )
HEAfl,,fNQR>^
_________
( CUBP (t (jiimIp) )
Rear-curtain sync (REAR)
iing^
As set (3) f/2.8-f/16 (2)
|ALMJf)jjTTLl
30-1/250 f/4-f/16(1) As set (3) f/2.8-f/16 (2)
49
Page 70

TTL AUTO HD FLASH WITH NIKON F-401s/N4004s

SHOOTING BRIGHT AND DARK SUBJECTS

The SB-24’s flash light output control is performed in the same manner as the camera's built-in TTL flash. The SB-24’s light output amount, however, is more powerful than the camera’s built-in TTL flash. Although the SB-24's shooting distance range is greater than that of the built-in flash, TTL auto flash shooting operation with the SB-24 is same as with the camera's built-in flash.
Note that the camera’s viewfinder ready-light LED biinks to indicate you should use a flash only when the optional flash unit
** attached on the camera is turned off.
• With the F-401S/N4004S camera, for correct exposure in TTL auto flash mode, use film with a speed of ISO 25 to ISO 400.
• With the F-401 S/N4004S, l£3 mark will not appear.
* •
Depending on the camera’s exposure mode, you can perform Programmed TTL auto flash or TTL auto flash operation. Balanced fill-flash is not possible, however, at brightness levels darker than EV10. The camera’s computer automatically detects brightness and chooses the appropriate flash mode.
50
Page 71
Programmed TTL Auto Flash In Program or Shutter-Priority Auto Exposure Mode
Programmed TTL auto„flash simplifies operations, because the camera's i computer automatically selects both shutter speed and aperture.
For Programmed TTL auto flash operation, use only AF Nikkor
lenses, but not AF Nikkor 80mm f/2.8, 200mm f/3.5 IF-ED or Autofocus Converter TC-16/TC-16A.
(TO
SET
ISO
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m 2 3
4 5 7 1015 20304060 ft
oM
Set the SB-24’s flash mode selector
' to TTL, and the flash sync mode
selector to NORMAL.
2 Set the camera’s exposure mode to
■ either program auto or shutter-priority
auto exposure mode.
For autofocus operation, set the
camera's focus mode selector to A. (For details about autofocus flash
photography, see pages 64 to 65).
51
Page 72
SET
ISO \juuJ
O.^B 1 1.5 2 3 4 6'
2.3 4 5 7 10 15 20
zoo^il^ H)nm F Zuhl
9 1318m 104060 ft
3 Make sure the shooting distance is within the flash range.,Refer to the chart for the
■ flash range for each ISO film speed.
Unit: meters (feet)
ISO film speed
400 200
1118 5.6
100 50 25
4 2.8
24 mm
0.7-5.3
(2.2-17)
28mm 35mm 50mm
0.7-5.6
(2.4-18)
Zoom setting
0.8-6.3
(2.7-20)
1.0-7.4
(3.1-24)
70mm 85 mm
1.1-8.3
(2.5-27)
1.1-8.8
(3.7-29)
For example:
With the zoom setting at 35mm and film speed index at ISO 100, you can take pictures of subjects 0.8m to 6.3m (approx. 2.7ft. to 20ft.) away.
ED]
« »”« r(
SET
lUU
ISO
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m
2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060 ft
M C
ZOOM .tmm
icsnm
f5?50N_3
L-iMliML
I iiiiiiiiini;j
For a convenient reference, use the adjustment buttons to set the aperture (f-number) in the SB-24's LCD panel, as indicated by the chart.
Page 73
4 Lightly press the shutter release button and confirm the
' ready-light and in-focus indicator are on.
g Fully depress shutter release button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see pages 12 to 13.
53
Page 74
TTL Auto Flash—In Aperture-
Priority Auto or Manual Exposure Mode
TTL Auto Flash lets you select any aperture from f/1.4 to f/32 to match the shooting distance range with automatic TTL control of the flash exposure.
SET «mm ISO <uu
(D.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 '
OD
5 9 1318 m
1 2 3 4 5 7 10151 0304060 ft
ZOOM Jl .Jmm rVjJJ
[Eoo5l][fm] [fstD] |TT
Set the SB-24’s flash mode selector
' to TTL, and the flash sync mode
selector to NORMAL.
54
2 Set the camera’s exposure mode to
■ either aperture-priority auto or
manual exposure mode.
For autofocus operation, set the
camera's focus mode selector to A. (For autofocus flash photography, see pages 64 to 65).
0 Using the adjustment buttons, select
■ the appropriate aperture to match the
shooting distance.
For example:
With the zoom setting at 35mm and film speed index at ISO 100, selecting f/8 lets you take pictures of subjects 0,6m to 4m (approx. 2ft. to 15ft.) away.
Shooting distance range varies according to aperture value, film speed and/or zoom setting. For
Page 75
Set your chosen aperture.
shooting distance range, see page 69.
5 Lightly press tthe shutter release
“ button and confirm the ready-light
and in-focus indicator are on.
I I
0 Fully depress the shutter release
■ button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see
pages 12 to 13H
55
Page 76

AUTOMATIC BALANCED FILL-FLASH

When the SB-24 is turned off and the scene’s brightness is
EV10 or higher, if the computer's multi-se'gment sensor detects that the central subject is darker than the surrounding area by at least 1.5EV, the viewfinder ready-light LED biinks, recom mending that you should use flash to brighten the picture. (Note: the SB-24 must be turned off for this signal to operate. The LED will not blink with the SB-24 In STBY or ON mode.)
Set the camera for Program exposure control and the SB-24 for TTL exposure control. A balanced fill-flash picture will result, automatically. It’s that easy.
When using the SB-24 or any other flash In the F-401s/N4004s hot shoe, bullt-ln speedlight must remain In the down position. You cannot use both speedlights at the same time. Using the SB-24 relieves the camera’s power supply from operating the built-in fiash, and you can expect the camera’s motor to be able to power more rolls of film.
56
Page 77
ч>
ч>
Page 78
TTL AUTO HD FLASH WITH OTHER CAMERAS­(with Nikon F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2 or FG)
With a Nikon F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2 or FG camera, the SB-24 set at TTL provides standard TTL flash light output control. With the F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000 in pro grammed or shutter-priority auto exposure mode. Programmed TTL auto flash will be selected. In other cases, the SB-24 performs TTL auto flash.
PROGRAMMED TTL AUTO FLASH (with Nikon F-501/N2020 or F-301/N2000 in Programmed or Shutter Priority Auto Exposure Mode)
Programmed TTL auto flash simplifies camera/flash operations, allowing you to concentrate on picture composition without
worrying about exposure settings, including aperture.
For correct exposure in TTL auto flash mode, use film within the range specified below:
F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 ISO 25 to 1000 FA, FE2 and FG ISO 25 to 400
For programmed TTL auto flash operation, use Al-S type* lenses only.
* Al-S type lenses include AF Nikkor, Nikkor lens with a
built-in CPU and Series E lenses. Each lens shows the
minimum aperture in orange at the aperture indexing
post on the aperture ring. Lenses modified for Al operation cannot be used for this mode.
* For autofocus operation with the F-501/N2020, set the
camera’s focus mode to Single Sen/o Autofocus. (For details about autofocus flash photography, see pages 64 to 65).
* Set the camera’s film advance mode to single-frame shooting.
57
Page 79
F-301/N2000
Set the SB-24’s flash mode selector
‘ to TTL, and the flash sync mode
selector to NORMAL.
SET ISO
0.^0.811.5 2 3 4 6
A3 4 5 7 10 1520.
2001
fSJ
1318 m
4060 ft
4 Make sure the shooting distance is
' within the flash range. Refer to chart
for flash range at each ISO film speed.
58
2 Set the camera’s exposure mode to
■ programmed auto exposure mode
2 Set the lens to Its minimum aperture
■ (highest f-number). (P DUAL*, P, or P HI). * For F-501/N2020 only.
Unit: meters (feet)
ISO film speed
800* 400 200 100 50 25
11
16
8 5.6
4
24 mm 28 mm 35mm 50mm 70mm 85mm
2.8
0.7-5.3
(2.2-17)
0.7-5.6
(2.4-18)
Zoom setting
0.8-6.3
(2.7-20)
1.0-7.4
(3.1-24)
1.1-8.3
(2.5-27)
1.1-8.8
(3.7-29)
'With ISO 1000 film, usable aperture is 16+ 1/3 f/stops. .
For example:
With the zoom setting at 35mm and film speed index at ISO 100, you can take pictures of subjects 0.8m to 6.3m (approx. 2.7ft. to 20ft.) away.
Page 80
Lightly press the shutter release button and confirm the ready-light and in-focus indicator are on.
For a convenient reference, use the adjustment buttons to set the aperture (f-number) in the SB-24’s LCD panel, as indicated by the chart.
0 Fully depress the shutter release
" button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see
pages 12 to 13.
59
Page 81

TTL AUTO FLASH

TTL Auto Flash lets you select any aperture from f/1.4 to f/32 to match the shooting distance range with automatic TTL control of the flash exposure.
♦ For autofocus operation with the F-501/N2020, choose and
set the camera’s focus mode to Single Servo Autofocus. (For details about autofocus flash photography, see pages 64 to 65).
♦ Choose and set the camera's film advance mode to single
frame shooting.
♦ With the Nikon F-501/N2020 or F-301/N2000, set the
camera's exposure mode to aperture-priority auto or manual
expousre mode.
•i Set SB-24’s flash mode selector to TTL, and the flash sync ‘ mode selector NORMAL.
60
Page 82
SET irnri
ISO
p.60.81 1.5 2 3 4)
1 2 3 4 5 7 1015J
zooW r< Jl mm f(ic0
'«¿I
2 Using the adjustment buttons, select the aperture that best
■ matches the shooting distance.

For example:

With the zoom setting at 35mm and the film speed index at ISO
too,
(approx. 2ft. to 15ft.) away.
Shooting distance range varies according to aperture value, film speed and/or zoom setting. For shooting distance range, see page 69.
HD
B 9 1318 m ,0304060 ft
-O®-
selecting f/8 lets you take pictures of subjects 0.6m to 4m
Page 83
4 Lightly press the shutter release button and confirm the ready-iight and in-focus
" indicator are on.
g Fuiiy depress the shutter release
' button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see
pages 12 to 13.
61
Page 84

EXPOSURE COMPENSATION WITH CAMERA’S EXPOSURE DIAL

(SS ,
SET
ISO
[iuu f
0.60.
n 1.5 2 3 4 6 SpISm
2 3
.4 5 7 10 15 20 304060 ft
mSC. cK J
ZOOM
-t ..Imm 1 1
V.
y
p.60.81 1.5 2 3 4' 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 15.
M-/C. F*-/
ZOOM J mm I 1
Emm)] [nvfi] [flir
6 9 1318 m ¡0304060 ft
Some camera models include an EV compensation control.
Using this control you can modify the exposure to make your picture lighter or darker. To make the picture lighter, use + compensation. For darker pictures use - compensation. How
much compensation you choose depends on how much you want to modify the resulting picture. The shooting distance range for TTL automatic flash operation varies with the amount of exposure compensation.
For example:
With ISO film, an aperture of fM, and a zoom setting of 35mm, if you set the camera’s exposure compensation dial at +2, the
flash shooting distance range—which is Im to 9m (approx. 4ft. to 30ft.) at ISO
too
—shifts to 0.6m to 4m (approx. 2ft. to 15ft.)
at ISO 25.
62
\ Exposure com-
Xpensaticm value
Film speed In U8^
25 50
too 200 25 50 100 400
800/1000* 100 200 400
•For Nikon F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 only.
+ 2 + 1 0
+ 3
25 50 too 200 400 — 25 50 100 200
25 50
50 too 200 400 800*
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5
400 800* 100 200 400 800* — — 200 400 800*
800*
Be sure the compensated film speed is within the film speed
range that guarantees correct exposure in the TTL mode of each camera.
800*
Page 85

FILL-FLASH IN TTL AUTO HO FLASH MODE

When using the SB-24 for fill-flash photography with a Nikon camera other than F4, F-801/N8008 or F-401s/N4004s, balance the exposure for both subject and background in the following manner.
63
Page 86
AUTOFOCUS FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY (with Nikon F4, F-801/N8008,
F-501/N2020 or F-401s/N4004s)
When combined with the Nikon F4, F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020 or F-401s/N4004s camera, the SB-24's AF iiiuminator enables you to perform autofocus operation in dim light and total darkness.
F-501/N 2020
P S o fS
F-801/N 8008
'9
I.,
Set the Nikon F4, F-801/N8008 or F-501/N2020 focus mode
■ selector to S for Single Servo Autofocus mode, or set the
F-401s/N4004s to A for autofocus mode.
Set the camera’s exposure mode and metering system selector and the SB-24’s flash mode selector as desired.
64
2 Lightly press the camera shutter release button and confirm
■ that the viewfinder ready-light comes on.
When ambient light is insufficient for autofocus operation, the AF illumi
nator automatically turns on to start operation. If ambient light is sufficient, the AF illuminator does not light up.
Page 87
Confirm the in-focus indicator lights up, then fully depress
■ the shutter release button.
The focal lengths that can be used with the AF illuminator and
AF Nikkor lenses are as follows:
F-501/N2020: F4, F-801/N8008, F-401s/N4004s:
35mm to 105mm
24mm to 105mm
• The focusing range with an A F Nikkor 50mm f/1.8 for a general subject with 35% reflectance at normal temperatures
is approx. 1m to 8m (3.2ft to 26.2ft).
Range
Page 88
For greater depth of field
In programmed TTL auto flash photography, use film with a speed specified in the table below:
Maximum lens aperture Film speed
Lens only F-501/N2020
with TC-16AS
f/2.8 or faster Slower than f/2.8
f/1.4 or f/1.2 f/1.8, f/2, f/2.5or f/2.8
ISO 50 or higher ISO too or higher
ISO 50 or higher ISO too or higher
In other flash operation modes, set the lens aperture as follows;
Maximum
iens aperture
Lens only
F-501fN2020 with TC-16AS
Note: With Nikon F4, F-801/N8008 or F-401s/N4004s,
f/2.8 faster Slower than
f/2.8 f/1.4 or f/1.2
f/1.8, f/2, f/2.5 or f/2,8
Aperture setting
f/2.8 or larger f-number
(f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, etc.)
f/5.6 or larger f-number
(f/5.6, f/8, f/11,etc.) f/2 or larger f-number
(f/2, f/2.8, f/4, etc.) f/4 or larger f-number
(f/4, f/5.6, f/8 etc.)
sets the lens aperture to f/2.8 or slower.
65
Page 89

NON-TTL AUTO ES FLASH—For Shooting with Varied Lens Apertures

To use various lens apertures for the same subject or when your camera/lens combination is incompatible with TTL auto flash mode, set the SB-24's flash mode selector to A for non-TTL auto flash operation. In non-TTL auto flash shooting, light output varies automatically to match the flash-to­subject distance, but instead of light being measured through the lens, it is measured by the light sensor on the front of the SB-24. The SB-24 can be used in non-TTL auto flash mode with any Nikon camera/lens combination.
F-601/N2020 F-401S/N4004S
Set the camera’s exposure mode to aperture-priority auto or manual exposure
‘ mode.
REAR, ,IN0RMALI
(((mum)"
m
tso
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m
2 3 4 5 7 10 15 20304060 ft
2_ Set the SB-24's flash mode selector
■ to A, and the flash sync mode
selector to your choice of NORMAL or REAR.
№!!Qllii
<mimL3i>
■»J »
66
Page 90
ES
0.620.811.5 2 3 4 6
ZOOM
Using the adjustment buttons, select an appropriate aper-
' ture making sure the subject is within the allowed shooting
distance.

For example:

With the zoom set at 35mm and the fiim speed index at ISO
too,
take pictures of subjects 0.8m to 6m (3ft. to 20ft.) away.
Shooting distance range varies according to fiim speed, aperture vaiue and/or zoom setting. For shooting distance range, see page 69.
iriim
ISO <uu
3 4 5 7 10 15 20
3c ifc p
you can select f/2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8 or 11. At f/5.6, you can
9 1318 m 304060 ft
Page 91
4 Set your chosen aperture.
C Lightly press the shutter release button and confirm the
ready-light and in-focus indicator have come on.
67
Page 92
g Fully depress the shutter release button to take the picture.
For blinking ready-light warning, see pages 12 to 13.

Test Firing for Non-TTL Auto Fiash

Push the open-flash button. If the ready-light blinks, select a wider aperture or move closer to the subject.
68
Page 93

EXPOSURE COMPENSATION IN NON-TTL AUTO FLASH MODE

The Non-TTL Auto Flash mode works best for subjects of average (18% gray) reflectance. For very dark subjects, we
recommend closing the aperture about 1/2 to 1 stop smaller than indicated on the SB-24 LCD. For very bright (almost white) subjects, it is just the opposite. Open the aperture about 1/2 to
1 stop. Similarly, the automatic system operates best under average indoor conditions in the home—an average-size room having white ceilings approx. 2.5 to 3 meter (8 to 10 feet) high.
In a very large room, or in one with very high ceilings, such as an auditorium, if you are more than about 4.5 to 6 meters (15 to 20 feet) from the subject, you should experiment by opening the aperture 1 to 2 stops wider than the LCD indicates. Since there is no way to anticipate any specific condition, you may want to take a few pictures using exposure bracketing.
Page 94

USABLE APERTURES/SHOOTING DISTANCE RANGE IN TTL AND NON-TTL AUTO FLASH MODES

ISO film speed Shooting distance range
1600**
8
11 8 5.6
a.
16
o
CO
22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 0.7-5.3 0.7-5.6 32 22 16
1600** 800* 400 200 100 50 25
è 5.6
11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1,4 4.4-34 4.7-37
a
16
o
22 16
CO
32 22
] : Non-TTL auto flash
* For TTL auto flash with Nikon F4, F-801/N8008, F-501/N2020 or F-301/N2000; with ISO 1000 film, usable apertures will be smaller by 1/3 EV.
** For non-TTL auto flash only.
400
800*
2 1.4 5.2-20 5.7 - 20 6.4-20 7.5-20
2.8 2 4 2.8 2
5.6
2.8 2
4
8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.0-7.5
11
32 22 16
32 22 16 11 8 0.6-1.8
ISO film speed
1.4
2 4 2.8
4
11
8 5.6
11
16
32
22 16 32 22
100
200
1.4 3.7-20 4.0-20 4.5-20 5.2-20
2.8 4
11
32 22
1.4 12-66 14-66 15-66 17-66 20-66 21-66
2
2.8 2 1.4 5.Ì-49 e.g-S2 T4-S5 8.8-88 9.7-88 11-66
8 5.6
11
32 22 16 11 2.0-4.3 2.0-4.6 2.0-5.2 2.0-6.0
50
1.4 2 1,4 1.8-15 Ì.Ò-1é 2.3-18
2.8 2
8 5.6
8 5.6 0.6-2.6 0.6-2.8
11
16
32 22 16 0.6-0.9
1.4
4
2.8 2 4
8 5.6
8 5.6
11
11
16 32 22 16 2.0-3.0 2.0-3.3 2.0-3.6 2.0-4.3 2.0-4.8 2.0-5.1
Zoom set at
25
24 mm
2.6-20 2.9-20
1.4
1.3-10 1.5-11
4 0.6-3.7 0.6-4.0 0.6-4.5
11
0.6-1.3
Zoom set at
24 mm
17-66 19-66 21-66
8.6-66
3.1-24
2.8 2.2-17 2.4-18 2.7-20 4 2.0-12
2.0-8.7 2.0-9.2
8 2.0-6.1 2.0-6.5 2.0-7.3
Zoom set at
28mm
1.0-8.0 1.2-9.0 1.3-10 1.5-11
0.6-2.0 0.6-2.2 0.6-2.6
0.6-1.4 0.6-1.5 0.6-1.8 0.6-2.0 0.6-2.2
0.6-1.0 0.6-1.1 0.6-1.3
Zoom set at
28mm
9.3-66 11 -66 12-66 14-66 15-66
3.3-26 3.7-29
2.0-13
Zoom set at
35mm
3.2-20 3.7-20 4.2-20 4.4-20
1.6-12
0.8-6.3
0.6-3.1
Shooting distance range
Zoom set at
35mm
5.3-41
2.0-14 2.2-17 2.5-19 2.6-20
2.0-10 2.0-12 2.0-13
Zoom set at
50mm
2.6-20 3.0-20 3.2-20
1.8-14 2.1-16
1.0-'7.4
0.7-5.2 0.8-5.8
0.6-3.7 0.6-4.1 0.6-4.4
Zoom set at
50mm 25-66 28-66 29-66
6.0-48
4.3-34
3.1-24
2.0-8.6 2.0-9.6 2.0-10
Zoom set at
70mm
8.4-20 8.9-20
5.9-20 6.3-20
1.1-8.3
0.6-2.9 0.6-3.1
0.6-1.4 0.6-1.5
Zoom set at
70mm
6.9-54
4.9-38
3.5-27 3.7-29
2.0-6.8 2.0-7.2
Unit: meters
Zoom set at
85mm
2.3-17
1.6-12
1.1 -8.8
0.8-6.2
Unit: feet
Zoom set at
85mm
7.3-58
5.2-41
2.0-14
69
Page 95

MANUAL \S\ FLASH—You Make All The Decisions-

With the SB-24's flash mode selector at M, you can manually choose your desired level of flash power: full power (1/1), 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, or 1/16.
F4
F-501/N2020 F-401S/N4004S
Set the camera’s exposure mode to aperture-priority auto or manual.
REAR, .[NOHMALI
((^rmiiiD)
ISO

»llllll>r^.

0.60.81 1,5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m
2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060ft
' / '
1/ I
M
2 Set the SB-24's flash mode selector
■ to M, and the flash sync mode
selector to your choice of NORMAL or
REAR.
J
70
Page 96
GS]
ISO_______________________________
0.60.81 1.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318 m 2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060 ft
CmI/S)
rcSTTCijI
Lon
OFFi
ED
ISO tfeJU _
0.60.81 1.5 2
2 3 4 5 7
ZOOM Tl Timm
<riiri
4 6 9 1318 m
3
15 20304060 ft
:iS) M.'/s
2 Press the "M" button to control the
' amount of light. The light output
changes as follows, and is shown in the
LCD panel.
-1/1 -1/2 -1/4-1/8-1/16-
4 Set an appropriate aperture, according to subject distance.

When using the Nikon F4 or F-801/N8008 with a iens having a buiit-in CPU:

SB-24’s LCD panel automatically indicates your chosen aperture and the shooting distance mark m appears on the distance scale. Set the camera’s aperture to match
your desired shooting distance.
71
Page 97
ESI SET (»■(>■< ISO lUU
0.60.81 1.5 2
M C
ZOOM ._fmm
2 3 4 5 7
"3"
4 6 9 1318 m 15 20304060 ft
JO,
K5.S) mi/’-i
OFF
m

With other combinations:

To set the aperture in the LCD panel, press the adjustment button until the shooting distance corresponds to your desired distance. Set the indicated aperture.

For exampie:

With the zoom set at 35mm and the film speed index at ISO 100, selecting f/5.6 and light output 1/4 lets you take pictures of subjects 3m (approx. 10ft) away.
Shooting distance varies according to aperture value, film speed, zoom setting and/or amount of light.
m
mark I
1
J
You can also determine aperture using the SB-24's guide number (GN). For details, see page 81.
r
Page 98
Lightly press the shutter release button and confirm the
" ready-light and in-focus indicator have come on.
For blinking ready-light warning, see pages 12 to 13.
0_ Fully depress shutter release button to take the picture.
Page 99

SYNCHRONIZATION IN CONTINUOUS SHOOTING

The SB-24 is able to recycle fast enough to synchronize with a motor-driven camera firing continuously at up to 6 frames per second at 1/16 light output. This means you can take up to 8 flash pictures in rapid succession. The maximum number of flashes for continuous shooting are listed below. Batteries must be fresh to achieve the rates indicated.
Maximum
number of
flashes
(approx.)
8
to
4
5
10
30
5 9
Batteries
AA-type batteries inside SB-24
AA-type batteries inside SB-24 plus C-type alkaline­manganese batteries inside optional DC Unit SD-7
Light
output
M1/16
M1/8
M1/16
M1/8
Sync speed (frames per
second)
Slower than 6 Slower than 3.3
Slower than 6 Slower than 3.3
Slower than 6 Slower than 3.3
Slower than 6 Slower than 3.3
Note: Never fire the flash more than 40 times at 1/8 light output. After each major flash shooting, let the flash rest at least 10 minutes before firing again.
73
Page 100

MANUAL FILL-FLASH

Outdoor fill-flash used with manual mode requires that you choose the flash-to-daylight ratio that gives the desired effect. As with automatic fill-flash, your goal is to have the flash brighten the shadowy areas of the picture, while leaving the brighter highlights unaffected. To do this you must set up your shot so the flash exposure will be underexposed by at least one or two f/stops. The following procedure is just a guideline for experimentation to enable you to get your desired effect.
ll£AR..rNORMALI

((('ffllllll'))

ISO
0.60.811.5 2 3 4 6 9 1318m
2 3 4 5 7 1015 20304060 ft
< / •
M
1/ I
Set the SB-24’s flash mode selector to M and the flash sync mode selector to your choise of NORMAL or REAR, then turn on the SB-24.
74
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