Milton CAT 994F User Manual
Engine
Engine Model Cat®3516B HD EUI
Gross Power – SAE J1995 1176 kW 1,577 hp
Operating Specifications
Operating Weight 195 434 kg 430,858 lb
Rated Payload – Standard 35 tonnes 38 tons
Rated Payload – High-Lift 32 tonnes 35 tons
Rated Payload – Super High Lift 32 tonnes 35 tons
994F
Wheel Loader
®
®
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994F Wheel Loader
Powerful, responsive and rugged, the 994F sets the standard for high productivity
and durability.
Designed for maximum productivity, the
994F builds on its productive tradition
with innovations that enhance performance,
reliability, durability and operator comfort,
to lower your cost-per-ton.
Customer Support
Your Cat dealer offers a wide range
of services that can be set up under a
customer support agreement when you
purchase your equipment. To help you
get the best return on your investment,
the dealer will help you choose a plan
that can cover everything from machine
and work tool selection to replacement.
pg. 15
Serviceability
The 994F is designed for quick and
easy service. Most routine service can
be accomplished from ground level and
diagnostic ports have been clustered
to improve efficiency. pg. 14
Hydraulics
Powerful Cat hydraulics deliver the
power and control needed to keep
material moving. Technologically
advanced system provides precise,
low-effort control and trouble-free
operation. Unique filtration system
prevents cross contamination. pg. 8
Structures
Structural components are the backbone
of the 994F’s durability. The heavy
duty box-section loader frame creates
a durable, rugged machine. Solid steel
lift arms resist twisting for maximum
durability and reliability. pg. 6
Power Train
The Cat®3516B HD EUI engine
delivers high horsepower to maximize
productivity. Field proven for reliable
performance in the most demanding
applications, the 3516B HD EUI
offers superior fuel efficiency, lower
emissions, reduced engine noise and
lower operating costs. pg. 4
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Safety
Caterpillar has been and continues
to be proactive in developing mining
machines that meet or exceed safety
standards. Safety is an integral part
of all machine and systems designs.
pg. 17
Matched Systems
An efficient loading/hauling system
starts with a perfect match. Your Cat
dealer can help you build an optimum
system to maximize truck payloads,
minimize loading time, and lower your
cost-per-ton. pg. 16
VIMS®Vital Information
Management System
Intelligent Caterpillar®designed machine
monitoring system, provides critical
machine health and payload data to keep
the 994F performing at top production
levels. pg. 12
Operator’s Station
The ergonomically designed cab
promotes a new level of operator
spaciousness and comfort, while
making it easier for the operator to
achieve maximum productivity over
extended shifts. Controls are positioned
within easy reach for superior control
and reduced fatigue. pg. 10
Buckets and Ground Engaging Tools
Aggressive Cat buckets are designed
for optimal loadability and structural
reliability. A wide selection of buckets
and ground engaging tools provide
a match for every application and
material condition to maximize
productivity. pg. 9
Engine. Field-proven Cat®3516B HD
EUI (High Displacement) turbocharged
and aftercooled diesel engine delivers
high power and reliability in the world’s
most demanding mining applications.
The 3516B is a 16-cylinder, four-stroke
design and uses long, effective power
strokes for more complete fuel
combustion and optimum efficiency.
Engine Features.
• Three-ring, two-piece pistons with
high strength forged steel crowns
and lightweight aluminum skirts.
• Steel-backed, copper-bonded
aluminum bearings.
• Uniflow cylinder head design with
four alloy steel valves per cylinder.
• High carbon steel alloy crankshafts
with hardened journals.
• Pressure lubrication with full-flow
filtered oil and heat exchanger
oil cooler.
• Direct-electric 24-volt charging
system.
High Torque Rise. With 32% torque
rise, the 3516B HD EUI delivers high
lugging forces during digging and
acceleration in high rimpull conditions
for maximum efficiency and fast cycle
times.
Enhanced Life. High displacement, low
rpm rating and conservative horsepower
ratings mean more time in the field and
less time in the shop.
Electronic Control Module (ECM).
The ECM is the electronic “brains” of
the power system. Computerized system
senses operating conditions and power
requirements and adjusts engine for
most efficient operation at all times.
Electronic Unit Injection (EUI).
The electronically controlled unit
injection fuel system senses operating
conditions and regulates fuel delivery
for optimum fuel efficiency.
High Displacement (HD). The high
displacement engine has a longer
stroke, high power range and better
fuel efficiency.
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Cat®power train delivers smooth, responsive performance and reliability in tough
conditions.
Power Train
Advanced Diesel Engine Management.
ADEM™ system controls fuel injector
solenoids to start and stop fuel injection
for superior performance, greater
reliability, cold start protection, automatic
altitude compensation and air filter
restriction indication.
Separate Circuit Aftercooler.
Allows aftercooler circuit to operate
cooler than jacket water temperature
for a denser air charge and greater
combustion.
Ether Starting Aid. Ensures reliable
start-up in extreme cold operating
conditions.
Cat Planetary Power Shift
Transmission. Features heavy duty
components to handle the toughest
jobs. Electronic controls allow smooth
shifting for greater productivity,
durability and longer component life.
Impeller Clutch Torque Converter (ICTC).
Electronically controlled impeller clutch
torque converter provides maximum
flexibility in regulating optimum rimpull
in all conditions for smoother operation.
Inching Capability. Left brake pedal
operation allows the operator to reduce
rimpull to 25% then brake for more
precise inching when approaching a
truck or making directional changes.
Rimpull Control. Allows operator to
adjust maximum rimpull from 100%
down to 90, 85, 75 and 65% using a
four-position dial while in first gear.
Matching rimpull to job conditions
provides greater traction in slippery or
rough conditions for better performance
and longer tire life.
Stable Design. Low mounted heavyduty power train components ensure
a stable machine.
Proven Reliability. The 994F power
train has proven itself with the most
reliable and durable components in
the industry for the lowest operating
cost-per-ton.
Torque. Torque is developed at the
wheel, generating less stress and wear
on the axle shafts.
Axles. The front axle is fixed, and the
rear axle oscillates ±10°, which allows
either rear wheel to rise or fall 677 mm
(26.7 in) while all wheels remain on the
ground for maximum stability, greater
traction and a more comfortable ride.
Differentials. Standard conventional
differentials allow one tire to spin faster
than the other, keeping developed
torque out of the axles.
Axle Shafts. Free-floating axle shafts
can be removed independently of the
wheels and planetaries for quick and
easy servicing.
U-Joints. Permanently lubricated for
greater durability and long service life.
Only the slipjoint requires manual
lubrication.
Oil-Cooled Disc Brakes. Four-wheel,
fully hydraulic oil-cooled multiple
disc brakes are completely sealed and
adjustment free. Two brake pedals
allow standard braking with right pedal
plus rimpull modulation braking with
left pedal.
Brake Cooling. The brake oil cooler
provides additional cooling to the brake
discs for greater durability.
Filtration. Screens on the brake circuit
minimize the risk of contamination.
Parking/Secondary Brake. Manual,
spring-applied, multiple dry-disc brake
is located on the front driveline for
protection from contamination.
Monitoring system alerts operator if
transmission is engaged while parking
brake is applied, and if the pressure
drops, the parking brake is
automatically applied.
Engine Cooling. New Generation
Modular Core Radiator (NGMR)
significantly improves heat rejection
through the use of copper cooling cores
and improved flow characteristics.
Final Drives. The all-wheel drive design
features four planet carrier gears with
planetary double reduction in each wheel
for superior reliability. Planetaries can
be removed independently of the wheels
and brakes for quick and easy servicing.
Duo-Cone®Seals. Seals out dirt and
contamination to extend component life.
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Robust Structures. The 994F front
loader frame features robust structural
components for outstanding durability
in the toughest loading conditions.
The frame is the backbone of the 994F’s
durability and is specifically designed
and manufactured to withstand the higher
forces required by the machine’s
increased payload rating.
Frame. The box-section rear frame,
articulation hitch and four-plate loader
tower are designed to resist torsional
shocks, twisting forces and stresses
generated during the loading cycle
while protecting driveline and hydraulic
system components.
1) Axle Mounting Area. Thicker axle
pad castings joined by a box-boom
structure provides added strength and
stiffness in the axle mounting area.
2) Pivot Mount Castings. Castings in the
lift arm pivot mounting area have been
redesigned to better disperse stress
loads for increased structural integrity.
3) Steering Cylinder Mounts. Steering
cylinder mounts are thicker to more
efficiently transmit steering loads into
the frame.
Hitch Plate. The lower articulation
hitch plate is larger for greater structural
durability.
Z-bar Loader Linkage. Proven Z-bar
loader linkage geometry delivers
maximum productivity. Fewer pivot
point and moving parts are designed
to reduce maintenance costs.
Tilt Links. The pin joints at both ends
of the tilt links have been changed to a
greased pin designed that is connected
to autolube system. This will increase
the reliability of these joints.
Breakout Force. Increased breakout
force allows the loader to aggressively
penetrate the bank.
Rackback. High rackback angle ensures
greater material retention and less
spillage.
Dump Speed. Controlled dumping
speed protects the front linkage from
excessive wear.
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Designed for maximum strength and durability in the harshest operating environments.
Structures
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3
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Lift Arms. The 994F’s solid steel lift
arms absorb high stresses generated
during loading without sacrificing
strength or durability. The linkage
design provides an excellent view of
the bucket edges, corners, and work
area, allowing the operator to focus on
productivity. The cross sectional area
of the lift arms has been increased in
several areas to improve durability.
1) Lift Arm Cross Member. A heat-treated
lift arm cross member and improved
weld procedures provide greater
reliability and durability.
2) Lift Arm Mounting. Lift arm to front
frame area has been redesigned to permit
the use of a larger pin. The casting in
this area of the front frame has been
optimized to reduce stresses. The bolted
joint at the lift arm to bucket pin location
has been removed to improve reliability.
3) Stress-Relieved Lift Arms. Lift arms
are stress relieved to eliminate residual
stresses created during manufacturing
and increase durability.
4) Auto Lube. Bucket to lift arm joint
(B-pin) is automatically lubricated
to increase reliability and reduce
daily servicing.
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Hydraulic System. Completely enclosed
hydraulic system uses separate circuits
for lift and tilt, steering and brake
control. Separate circuits provide
increased cooling and elimination of
cross-contamination, resulting in less
downtime and greater productivity.
Lift and Tilt System. Three dedicated
fixed displacement piston pumps and a
fourth electronically controlled variable
displacement piston pump deliver high
reliability, efficiency and performance
to the lift and tilt system. The variable
displacement pump is only activated
when additional hydraulic speed
is needed.
Pilot Controls. Low-effort, pilot-operated
finger-tip controls provide smooth,
precise control of lift and tilt functions.
Automatic lift kickout and return to
dig detents deliver fast cycle times.
Steering System. The 994F features a
load-sensing steering system with variable
displacement piston pump for smooth,
precise control. The revolutionary
steering system integrates steering and
transmission control functions into a
single controller. Simple side-to-side
movement of the STIC steer lever turns
the machine right or left. Center point
frame articulation allows the machine
to articulate 40° to the left or right,
permitting precise positioning in
tight areas.
Filtration System. Advanced filtration
system consists of additional screens
and filters throughout the lift/tilt, steering
and brake systems to maintain cleanliness,
and prevent downstream contamination.
All are monitored electronically through
VIMS™ system to simplify diagnostic
troubleshooting and reduce downtime.
• Lift/tilt high pressure screens
• Steering high pressure screens
• Lift/tilt case drain filters
• Steering case drain filters
• Hydraulic case drain filters
• Front pump drive lube filter
• Front and rear brake oil screens
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Hydraulics
Cat hydraulics deliver the power and control needed to keep material moving.
High Productivity. Aggressive Cat
bucket designs deliver unmatched
productivity in the most demanding
applications. 994F buckets have been
redesigned for optimal loadability and
structural reliability.
Rugged Design. Cat buckets are
manufactured using shell-tine
construction to resist twisting and
distortion. A more aggressive spade
edge increases bucket penetration and
fill factors and provides better retention
of loose material. An integral rock
guard helps retain big loads for greater
fill factors and optimum truck loading.
Spade Edge Rock Buckets. Spade edge
rock buckets with bolt-on segments are
designed to penetrate through the pile
while leaving a smooth work floor.
Shouldered, double-strap adapters allow
easy change-out and bolt-on segments
extend base edge life.
Serrated Edge Coal Bucket.
Serrated edge bucket is recommended
for low abrasion material loading
where greater penetration is required.
It does not use GET, thus eliminating
the risk of iron falling into crushers.
Replaceable serrated or straight edge
is available if needed. Serrated edge
is standard for the 36 m3(47 yd3) coal
bucket, but can be added to the smaller
buckets upon request.
Bucket Protection. Cat Ground Engaging
Tools (G.E.T.) provide superior bucket
protection for long life in the most
punishing conditions. Built to absorb
shock, impact, and abrasion, G.E.T.
work and wear as a system to boost
productivity and lower costs.
Tips. Tips extend bucket life in high
wear applications.
Sidebar Protectors. Protects bucket
corner and sides from wear in abrasive
materials. Pin-on sidebars are reversible
to extend wear life.
Edge Protectors. Protects bucket edge
from wear in materials with high wear
rates. Independently pinned for easy
replacement without removing tips
or adapters.
Wear Plates. Replaceable wear plates
protect the bucket bottom. Bolt-on and
weld-on wear plates protect the rear
base edge from damage.
Tips. Tips extend bucket life in high
wear applications.
Sidebar Protectors. Protects bucket
corner and sides from wear in abrasive
materials. Pin-on sidebars are reversible
to extend wear life.
Edge Protectors. Protects bucket edge
from wear in materials with high wear
rates. Independently pinned for easy
replacement without removing tips
or adapters.
Wear Plates. Replaceable wear plates
protect the bucket bottom. Bolt-on and
weld-on wear plates protect the rear
base edge from damage.
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Buckets and Ground Engaging Tools
Cat buckets provide the flexibility to match the machine to the material and conditions.
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Ergonomically designed for operator comfort, superior control and high productivity.
Operator’s Station
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