The Compact Make-Music-Now Keyboard Studio
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User Guide
Session KeyStudio 25 User GuideSession KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Session KeyStudio Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
What’s in the Box? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Getting Started Making Music with Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
More Information on Configuring Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ASIO/WDM Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Output and Input Device Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Buffer Size Selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Use Low Latency Streaming Checkbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
OK Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Cancel Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
About Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Upgrading your Sound Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Using KeyStudio with GarageBand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
About MIDI and Software Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The KeyStudio 25 Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Controls and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Using the KeyStudio 25 Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Configuring Your Software: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Assigning KeyStudio 25’s Buttons, Knobs, or the Slider to Control Your Software: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Sending Bank Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Setting the Global MIDI Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
KeyStudio 25 Advanced Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Recalling Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Storing Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Duplicating and Organizing Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Enigma Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Sending a Snap Shot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Muting All Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Program Mode Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Assigning MIDI CCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Assigning MIDI Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Reassigning MIDI CC for the Modulation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Reassigning MIDI CC for the Pitch Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Reassigning MIDI CC for the Sustain Pedal input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Limiting the Range of the Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Setting Toggle Values for the Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Assigning MIDI Machine Control (MMC) Commands to a Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Assigning a Note to a Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Assigning RPN/NRPN to a Fader or Knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
About SysEx Messages and Device ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Assigning the Device ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Memory Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MIDI Messages In-Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Program & Bank Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appendices - Useful MIDI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix A: MIDI Implementation Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix B: Assignable MIDI CC’s on KeyStudio 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Appendix C: Hexadecimal Conversion Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix D: General MIDI Preset Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendix E: MIDI Note Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendix F: Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC’s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Appendix G: Roland GS and Yamaha XG NRPN Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Appendix H: General MIDI Reverb and Chorus Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Technical Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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Introduction
Congratulations on your purchase of Session KeyStudio 25. This complete music production package contains the KeyStudio 25-note
velocity sensitive USB keyboard and powerful Session music creation software. This provides you with everything you need to compose
great music on your computer.
This User Guide covers setup and features of the KeyStudio 25 USB keyboard and installation of the Session music creation software. Even
if you are experienced with computer-based music production, we still recommend reading this User Guide to help you get the most out
of this package.
Finally, keep in mind that the hardware contained in the bundle can also be used with third-party music software. If you are using
third-party software with the KeyStudio 25 keyboard, you may want to refer to your application’s User Guide to learn how the keyboard
can best be used with your software.
Mac OS X Users: Session KeyStudio 25 is a software and hardware combination designed for Windows XP and Windows Vista. However, the
KeyStudio 25 USB keyboard also works well on Apple computers running Mac OS X and popular applications such as GarageBand. To assist
Apple users, this guide includes KeyStudio 25 installation instructions for OS X.
Session KeyStudio Features
KeyStudio 25 USB Keyboard:
< 25 full-sized, half-action, velocity sensitive keys
< MIDI-reassignable Pitch Bend control
< MIDI-reassignable Modulation control
< Octave up/down button
< 8 assignable knobs
< 8 assignable buttons
< 1 assignable slider
< 1 assignable pedal input
< USB bus-powered operation
< Compatible with M-Audio’s Enigma librarian software
< Thin, compact design
< Class-compliant operation—no driver installation
required
Session Software:
< CD-quality multi-track audio and MIDI recording
software
< Built-in studio-quality eects
< Built-in virtual synthesizer with hundreds of instrument
sounds
< Includes over 3.5 GB of sound content for professional
music creation
What’s in the Box?
Your M-Audio Session KeyStudio 25 bundle should contain the following items:
< M-Audio KeyStudio 25 USB keyboard
< M-Audio Session DVD-ROM
< USB cable
< Printed Session KeyStudio 25 Quick Start Guide
If any of the above listed items are missing, please contact the retailer where you purchased the product.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Minimum System Requirements
Windows XP (SP2) or higher*
< Pentium 4 1.6 GHz processor (CPU may be higher for laptops)
< 512MB RAM
< 4GB free hard disk space for complete Session software installation 32MB video RAM **
< 1024 x 768 video resolution (1280 x 1024 recommended)
< Built-in or third-party audio interface ☨
< DVD drive for Session software installation
< One native USB port
Windows Vista 32-bit
< Pentium 4 1.6 GHz processor (CPU may be higher for laptops)
< 1 GB RAM
< 4GB free hard disk space for complete Session software installation
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< 128 MB video RAM**
< 1024 x 768 video resolution (1280 x 1024 recommended)
< Built-in or third-party audio interface
< DVD drive for Session software installation
< One native USB port
☨
Mac OS X (KeyStudio 25 hardware only)
< Macintosh G4 1GHz
< OS X 10.3.9 with 512 MB RAM
< OS X 10.4.9 with 512 MB RAM
< One native USB port
* Home and Professional Edition only. Windows Media Center Edition is not currently supported.
** Session does not support video cards based on any of the following chipsets: S3/VIA UniChrome, SiS EL315, Matrox. If the video card
being used shares system RAM, then overall system RAM requirements may increase by the amount of system RAM shared with the
video card.
☨
Session software will operate with any audio interface; for best performance, M-Audio recommends using an ASIO-compatible
audio interface.
☨☨
☨☨
G3/G4 accelerator cards are not supported.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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Installation and Setup
1. Connect the KeyStudio 25 keyboard.
The KeyStudio 25 USB keyboard is class-compliant. This means that you may simply connect the KeyStudio 25 keyboard to your
Windows XP, Windows Vista or Mac OS X computer using the provided USB cable and switch the keyboard on. No additional
installation or drivers are required.
NOTE: Windows users who would like to take advantage of the more advanced features of KeyStudio 25,
such as using the keyboard with more than one application at the same time (multi-client), should install the
optional M-Audio KeyStudio 25 drivers. These drivers can be found by going to the Support > Drivers page at
www.m-audio.com.
Advanced installation instructions for Windows users (optional):
1. If you have already connected the KeyStudio 25 keyboard to your computer, disconnect it before beginning the installation.
2. Download the most recent KeyStudio 25 drivers by going to the Support > Drivers page at www.m-audio.com. This ensures
that you have the newest drivers available. Double-click the le once it has nished downloading.
3. Follow the driver installer’s on-screen direction prompts.
4. At various points in this installation process, you may be notied that the driver being installed has not passed Windows
Logo Testing, or asked whether the program you wish to run is a trusted application. Click “Continue Anyway” or “Install” to
proceed with installation.
5. Once the installer has completed, click “Finish.”
6. Attach KeyStudio 25 to an available USB port using the cable provided. Make sure the power switch on the back of the
keyboard is in the “on” position. If you are using Windows Vista, your KeyStudio 25 installation is now complete. If you are
using Windows XP, proceed to steps 7-9.
7. Windows XP will identify the controller and will ask if you want to search the Internet for a driver. Select “No, not this time,”
and press “Next.”
8. Windows XP will display a Found New Hardware Wizard. Choose “Install the software automatically,” and click “Next.”
9. Click “Finish” once the Wizard has completed the installation.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
2. Install the Session Music Creation Software.
1. Insert the M-Audio Session DVD-ROM into your computer’s DVD-ROM drive.
2. The computer will automatically display the install screen. If your computer fails to launch the installer, manually start it by
clicking on Start > My Computer* and then double-clicking Session.
3. Follow the software installer’s on-screen instructions.
NOTE: Session comes with a large library of loops and instrument samples for music creation, known as
Session Content. During the installation process, you will be asked if you would like to install the Session
Content on your hard drive. If you do not have 4 GB of disk space available, you may choose not to install
the Session Content, but you will then have to place the Session DVD in your DVD-ROM drive whenever you
run Session. Accessing Session’s content via DVD-ROM results in slightly slower computer performance. If
the required hard drive space is available, installing the Session Content on your computer’s hard drive is
recommended.
Please be aware that your Session software’s Factory Content Library may take as long as 30 minutes to
install. This behavior is normal. During the installation process, the installer displays helpful Session tutorial
information.
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4. Click “Finish” once the installer has completed the installation.
*If you are using Windows Vista, “My Computer” will be labeled “Computer” in this step.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Getting Started Making Music with Session
1. Connect the KeyStudio 25 keyboard to your computer using the supplied USB cable and make sure the keyboard is
switched on.
2. Launch Session by clicking Start > All Programs > M-Audio > Session > Session. Alternatively, if you chose to create a
desktop shortcut icon during installation, you can double-click the shortcut.
3. Click the button labeled “New” in the Session Startup window.
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4. A New Composition dialog box will appear allowing you to choose a Name, Time Signature, Key Root, Key Scale, and Tempo
for your composition. After these choices have been made, click OK.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
5. Click the Add a Track button in the upper left corner of the Session Main Screen.
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6. The “What would you like to do?” dialog box will now appear. For this example, select Play and Record with your Keyboard,
and click OK.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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7. In the “Select Keyboard Sound” dialog box, select the bank of sounds you would like to associate with the rst track of your new
song, and click OK.
8. A new track will now appear in the main Session window. You may click the specic instrument you would like to play from the
instrument list appearing on the left side of the screen.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
9. Try playing notes on your KeyStudio 25 keyboard. If you can hear instrument sounds,you may skip steps 10-12. If your computer
does not yet generate sounds when KeyStudio 25 is played, proceed to step 10 for additional conguration instructions.
10. Go to Options > Audio Hardware and make sure the sound card you wish you use (i.e., your computer’s built-in sound card or an
installed ASIO compatible audio interface) is selected in the Output Device and Input Device pull-down menus. Click OK. See the
following chapter, ”More Information on Conguring Session,” for further explanation of this.
11. Go to Options > MIDI Hardware and make sure “USB Audio Device,” “USB O2,” or “USB O2 In” is selected in the Input Port box.
KeyStudio will appear as “USB Audio Device” in Windows XP and “USB O2” in Windows Vista if additional drivers have not been
installed. If the optional drivers are installed, KeyStudio will appear as “USB O2 In.” Click OK.
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Figure A: Session MIDI Hardware dialog window
without optional drivers installed in Windows XP.
12. You should now be able to use your KeyStudio keyboard to play instruments from the Session instrument library.
Figure B: Session MIDI Hardware dialog window
without optional drivers installed in Windows Vista.
More Information on Configuring Session
To play back and record audio in Session, Session must communicate with your sound card.
On rst launch, Session attempts to choose the rst sound card containing both an audio
input and audio output, eectively making this connection automatically. If Session is not
able to select audio inputs and outputs automatically, it will open the Audio Hardware
dialog. If the process is successful (Session does not open the Audio Hardware dialog
automatically), but you cannot play back or record audio with Session, you’ll need to open
the Audio Hardware dialog by choosing Options>Audio Hardware.
The Audio Hardware dialog contains the following options:
ASIO/WDM Switch
This control switches the Audio Hardware dialog of Session between ASIO and WDM
mode. For best performance in Session, use ASIO mode. Consult the documentation for
your sound card to determine if it supports ASIO.
Output and Input Device Selectors
These controls set the Output Device (sound card) through which Session plays audio,
and the Input Device (sound card) from which Session records audio. It is recommended
that you select the same sound card for audio input and output.
Buffer Size Selector
This control sets the latency of Session. See the “About Latency” section found later in
this guide for additional information.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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Use Low Latency Streaming Checkbox
When checked, Session attempts to open the selected audio interface in low latency mode (WDM Kernel Streaming). While most
sound cards should “open” in this mode, results vary widely based on the sound card in use. See the “About Latency” section of this
User Guide for further information on this.
OK Button
After making the desired settings, press the OK button to commit your changes and close the Audio Hardware dialog.
Cancel Button
Press the Cancel button to discard your changes and close the Audio Hardware dialog.
About Latency
Latency is loosely dened as the amount of time it takes for a sound made in Session to reach your speakers. For example, with
a high latency (Buer Size) setting, there will be a noticeable delay between the press of a key on KeyStudio 25, and the resultant
sound. Smaller Buer Size settings result in lower latency, but may not function well with slower systems. If you hear clicks and pops,
the Buer Size setting is too low. To adjust this setting of Session, open the Audio Hardware dialog (Options > Audio Hardware),
select the desired buer size from the Buer Size selector, and then click the OK button.
NOTE: Deselecting the “Low-Latency Streaming” checkbox may also reduce any clicks and pops in Session
audio. This setting is only available if WDM is selected as the driver type.
Upgrading your Sound Card
If you nd that your sound card is incapable of producing acceptable latency times, we recommend that you upgrade your sound
card. Visit www.m-audio.com for a selection of low latency ASIO audio interfaces for every purpose.
Using KeyStudio with GarageBand
The M-Audio Session software was created for use with Windows. However, the KeyStudio 25 hardware can be used with Macintosh
OS X computers as well. KeyStudio 25 integrates seamlessly with the GarageBand music production software which comes pre-installed
on many late-model Apple computers.
To use KeyStudio 25 with GarageBand:
1. Be sure KeyStudio is connected to your Mac OS X computer via the provided USB cable (See “Connect the KeyStudio 25
Keyboard.”)
2. Launch GarageBand.
3. Create a Software Instrument track by clicking Track > New Track > Software Instrument > Create, or select a pre-existing
Software Instrument track. The default instrument GarageBand selects is a Grand Piano.
When a Software Instrument is selected, clicking the button in the lower right corner of the GarageBand window will
open the Track Info screen. From this area, you can select which instrument you would like to play.
Provided your computer’s speakers are not muted or turned down, you will now hear sounds corresponding to notes you play
on KeyStudio.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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About MIDI and Software Synthesis
If you are new to MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), you may initially nd it challenging to understand how KeyStudio interacts
with the computer. However, as you use KeyStudio 25 along with Session, you’ll discover the benets of using a software-based sound
source and recording system such as: access to an extremely large array of high quality sounds, a large graphic user interface, the ability
to change an instrument sound after the recording has been made, and the freedom to work with many music creation applications.
A basic understanding of MIDI enables you to take advantage of its wealth of creative possibilities: MIDI data gives instructions on how
a sound should play. These instructions dictate parameters such as what note to play, when to play it, how loud to play it, and which
sound to use. State of the art music applications such as Session, contain “virtual instruments” that are capable of generating sound when
MIDI data is sent to them. Data from the KeyStudio keyboard is transmitted to the sequencer program (e.g. Session), routed to a virtual
instrument, and sent to an audio output, turning MIDI data into audible sounds. Much of this process is conveniently automated through
Session software’s menus and graphical user interface, letting you focus on making music. For more information on Session, such as
recording audio and using loops, see the Session User Guide available from the Session Help menu.
The KeyStudio 25 Keyboard
Controls and Connectors
Top Panel
1. Keyboard – KeyStudio 25 has a two-octave, velocity sensitive keyboard. This controller features special “half-action” keys which
allow KeyStudio 25 to be thinner and more portable than traditional controller keyboards.
2. Pitch Bend – This control lets you create expressive changes in your performances by raising and lowering pitch. Pressing the
right side of the Pitch Bend control will raise an instrument’s pitch, whereas pressing the left side will lower the pitch. Once the
Pitch Bend control is released, your instrument’s pitch will return to normal.
Note that the upper and lower pitch bend limit is determined by settings on your hardware or software synthesizer (such as
virtual Instruments used within Session), not by the Pitch Bend control on the KeyStudio 25 keyboard. Typically, this can be
either a half note or an octave up or down.
3. Modulation – This control is used to add expressivity to your performance by changing the intensity of certain eects. By
default, most synthesizers assign this control to manipulate vibrato (change in intonation) or tremolo (change in volume)
although it is usually possible to reassign the function of modulation through settings on the hardware or software synthesizer.
The MIDI data range of the Modulation control is 0 to 127, with 0 being the note-unchanged position. Like the Pitch Bend wheel,
the amount of actual modulation that takes place depends on your instrument’s settings.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
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4. Octave and Transpose Up/Down – By default, the Octave/Transpose Up/Down control “shifts” the keyboard’s octave range in
order to let you play higher or lower notes. Press the right side of the control to shift the keyboard up one octave; press the left
side of the control to shift the keyboard down one octave. Note that it is possible to shift several octaves in each direction by
pressing the left or right side of this control more than once.
In some cases, it may be useful to increase or decrease the transmitted pitch of KeyStudio 25 by a small number of semitones,
rather than a whole octave. For example, you may be playing a song with a singer and the singer is having trouble hitting the
high or low notes. In this case, you can try raising or lowering the pitch by one or more semitones. This is achieved using a
function called “Transpose.”
To use the Transpose function:
1. Press Octave/Transpose + and Octave/Transpose – together.
2. Press the Octave/Transpose + or - key for every semi tone you want to transpose up or down.
To make the Octave/Transpose control return to an Octave shift function, press the Advanced Function button, and the
black key labeled CANCEL.
5. Assignable Slider (C9) – This slider sends out MIDI Continuous Controller (CC) data, giving you real-time control over your MIDI
hardware or software instruments. By default, this slider is set to control MIDI CC number 7. This corresponds to volume on most
MIDI hardware devices and software applications.
6. Function Buttons – These buttons are used to access various functions and features of the keyboard. They are described in the
“Using the KeyStudio 25 Keyboard” section of this guide.
7. LED Display – The LED screen displays MIDI functions and data selections.
8. MIDI Controller Knobs (C1 – C8) – These eight MIDI Controller knobs give you real-time control over your MIDI hardware and
software through MIDI Continuous Controller (CC) messages.
9. MIDI Controller Buttons (C12 – C19) – Like the MIDI Controller knobs described above, these eight MIDI Controller buttons
give you real-time control over your MIDI hardware and software through MIDI Continuous Controller (CC) messages.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
14 1013 12 11
| 14
Rear Panel
10. Power Switch – This switch powers the unit on and o.
11. Sustain Pedal Input – Connect your sustain pedal’s 1⁄4” connector to this jack. There is no need to worry about the polarity of
the pedal—the keyboard detects the sustain pedal polarity by auto-sensing the pedal’s orientation during startup.
12. MIDI Output – Connect this output to the input of a MIDI device using a standard 5-pin MIDI cable. By default, all MIDI data
generated by KeyStudio 25 is sent out through this MIDI output as well as through the USB connection (if available). However,
if KeyStudio 25 is connected to your computer via USB, it is possible to recongure this port so that it appears as a completely
separate MIDI output port to your music software. Refer to the “Using the KeyStudio 25 Keyboard” section of this User Guide to
learn how to engage “MIDI Out from USB” mode.
13. USB Connector – Connect a USB cable from this output to the host computer’s USB port. When using the USB connection,
KeyStudio 25 is powered by the host computer and a power adapter is not required.
14. Power Jack (9V DC, 500 mA) – Connect an optional 9V DC, 500mA external power supply to this jack. A power supply is only
necessary if KeyStudio 25 is being used without a computer or if the computer is not able to provide adequate bus power to the
controller.
The optional power adapter can be ordered from www.m-audio.com
IMPORTANT: The KeyStudio 25 keyboard is “bus-powered” by your computer through the USB connection.
Only use a power adapter if your computer cannot provide adequate power to the controller or if you are
using KeyStudio 25 without a computer.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 15
Using the KeyStudio 25 Keyboard
In many cases, once KeyStudio 25 has been installed, you can simply launch your music program and begin making music right away.
Many programs will be able to use KeyStudio 25 “out of the box” and require no further conguration. Certain other programs may
require you to select KeyStudio 25 as a MIDI input source or to map KeyStudio’s assignable MIDI controls (buttons, knobs, sliders, etc.) to
whatever on-screen functions you would like to control. These steps are described further below.
Configuring Your Software:
Once the KeyStudio 25 keyboard is installed on your computer, all MIDI capable applications on your system should recognize
the controller as a new MIDI input device. However, some applications may require you to congure the software to accept MIDI
data being sent from the KeyStudio 25 keyboard. This is usually done through a “Control Panel” or “Device Setup” menu in your
application, but the specic process varies from program to program. Instructions on how to congure Session to accept MIDI data
from KeyStudio 25 can be found in the “Getting Started Making Music with Session” section of this User Guide. Please consult your
application’s documentation to learn how to select MIDI input devices.
NOTE: In Windows XP, KeyStudio 25 will appear as “USB Audio Device” to your music software if the optional
M-Audio drivers have not been installed. This is normal. If the M-Audio drivers have been installed, KeyStudio
25 will appear as “USB O2 In.”
Assigning KeyStudio 25’s Buttons, Knobs, or the Slider to Control Your Software:
The KeyStudio 25 keyboard has a number of assignable MIDI controls (knobs, buttons, a slider, etc.) that can be used to control your
music software. Each assignable control has its own unique MIDI Continuous Controller (CC) number. When you turn a knob, push a
button, or move a fader, KeyStudio 25 sends out MIDI CC data that can be received and interpreted by your music software.
Many of today’s music applications (such as Ableton Live, Propellerhead Reason, Native Instruments Traktor, and others) now include
a “MIDI Learn” function. This feature allows you to quickly assign the slider, buttons, or knobs of the KeyStudio 25 keyboard to control
specic parameters within the software. The KeyStudio 25 keyboard can control any software that has this functionality.
The “learn” function varies from application to application and you will need to refer to your software’s user guide to nd out how to
use this feature.
If your software does not have this functionality, it may still be possible to manually assign the program’s features to be controlled by
the specic MIDI CC data generated by the slider, knobs, or buttons found on KeyStudio 25. Refer to your software’s user guide to see
if this is possible.
If manually assigning features is possible in your software, see the appendix of this guide for a complete listing of MIDI CC
information generated by the slider, knobs, and buttons of the KeyStudio 25 keyboard.
Finally, if your program does not feature “MIDI Learn” or manual assignment of MIDI CC functions, you may still be able to control
your music software by changing the mapping of KeyStudio 25’s assignable controls to match the MIDI CC numbers required by your
music software. To nd out how to do this, refer to the section entitled “KeyStudio 25 Advanced Features” found later in this guide.
NOTE: Syntax, the software synthesizer of Session, includes over 250 preset patches (sounds). By default,
many useful parameters of each patch are mapped to the slider and knobs found on the KeyStudio 25
keyboard. This means you can modify the sound of the Syntax patches by adjusting the slider and knobs of
the KeyStudio 25 keyboard.
For a chart that describes which Syntax parameter is assigned to each KeyStudio 25 slider or knob,
choose Help > Open User Manual in Session, and click the link titled “KeyStudio 25/Synth Patch Controller
Assignments.”
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Sending Program Changes
If your software or MIDI device supports “program change” messages, you can recall dierent presets (sounds) straight from the
KeyStudio 25 keyboard without having to reach for the MIDI device (or computer). To send a program change message:
| 16
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
2. Press the PROG CHG key on the keyboard.
3. Enter the program number you wish to send, using the numerical data entry keys,
or the DEC/INC buttons.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
Note that program change messages are sent on the “global” MIDI channel. The global
channel can be changed using the procedure described further below.
Sending Bank Changes
If your MIDI device or software synthesizer contains more than 128 presets (sounds),
then the presets will be organized into separate “banks” of sounds. KeyStudio 25
allows you to switch between banks straight from the keyboard without having to
reach for the MIDI device (or computer). To send a bank change, before sending a
program change message:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
2. Press the BANK LSB or BANK MSB key on the keyboard.
3. Enter the bank number you wish to send using the numerical data entry keys, or the DEC/INC buttons.
TIP: This function can also
be used to set up the control
parameters at the start of a
song. If you set all the controller
values to obtain the desired
eect levels in your song, you
can then record the Snap Shot
to ensure the song will always
play back with the correct
eect levels. To do this, put your
sequencer into record mode
and press the Snap
Shot buttons.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
6. Press the PROG CHG key on the keyboard.
7. Enter the program number you wish to recall in your new bank, using the numerical data entry keys, or the DEC/INC
buttons.
8. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
To learn more about LSB and MSB, please refer to the “MIDI Messages In-Depth” section of this User Guide.
NOTE: Bank change messages must be followed by a program change message for the bank change to take
eect. Simply sending a bank change message by itself will not result in any changes in your MIDI hardware
or software.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 17
Setting the Global MIDI Channel
KeyStudio 25 can transmit on any of the standard 16 MIDI channels. If you are using a computer-based system, the software usually
controls the routing of MIDI signals, and this parameter can be left in its default setting.
However, if you are using KeyStudio 25 without a computer to control a MIDI device (such as a sound module), you will need to
make sure that both your M-Audio KeyStudio 25 keyboard and the MIDI device are set to the same MIDI channel. KeyStudio 25 has a
“Global” MIDI channel setting that aects the keyboard, program/bank change messages, and any controllers (buttons, knobs, sliders,
footswitch) that have been set to respond to the global channel.
To set the Global MIDI Channel:
1. Press the GLOBAL CHAN button. The keyboard enters Program Mode. The LED will display the currently selected Global
Channel, preceded by a “c.”
2. Enter the MIDI channel number using the numeric keys or use the DEC/INC keys.
3. Press the ENTER key to accept the new channel.
MIDI Out from USB Mode
When KeyStudio 25 is connected to your computer via USB, all MIDI data generated by the keyboard is sent to your computer
through the USB connection. By default, this same data is also “mirrored” and sent out through the KeyStudio 25 MIDI Output port.
However, KeyStudio 25’s “MIDI Out from USB Mode” makes it possible to recongure the MIDI Output port so that it appears as a
completely independent MIDI output to your music software. You can then use this port to control a separate MIDI device (such as a
sound module or sampler) through your software (you will still be able to use KeyStudio 25 as a controller).
To activate MIDI Out from USB mode:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
2. Press the MIDI OUT key.
The LED display will show “USB,” indicating that the MIDI Out port is now independent of the local KeyStudio 25 keys and
MIDI controls and will output data sent to the device from your music software.
To deactivate MIDI Out from USB mode and return to normal operation, repeat the steps listed above. The LED display will
show ‘Int’ indicating that the M-Audio KeyStudio 25 keyboard is once again sending mirrored data out of the USB and MIDI
Output ports.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 18
KeyStudio 25 Advanced Features
This section deals with the more advanced features found within the KeyStudio 25 keyboard. We have included this information
for “power users” who want to explore and use the keyboard’s in-depth features and additional capabilities to their full extent. This
information is not required reading for most users and readers who are not interested in more advanced MIDI programming concepts
can feel free to skip this section.
Recalling Presets
KeyStudio 25 is capable of storing ve “presets” containing all control assignments and keyboard conguration settings. Use the
“DEC” and “INC“ buttons to step through the ve available presets. The LED will display the preset number preceded by a “P” to
indicate which preset is currently loaded.
The following is a list of the ve “factory default presets” that have been pre-programmed into KeyStudio 25:
< 01 GM Preset (precongured for use with Session)
< 02 Reason Native
< 03 Reason Mixer
< 04 Yamaha XG/Roland JV Preset
< 05 Undened CC’s for MIDI learn*
Note that these default settings can be modied to suit your particular needs (this is described below, beginning with the
“Program Mode Overview” section.)
* Some applications do not have any default settings and require you to set the MIDI controllers for the application’s parameters
yourself. This normally involves placing the application into a “MIDI Learn” mode, selecting an on-screen control and moving the
hardware controller you wish to assign to it. When working with such an application, it is recommended that the controller numbers
used by MIDI controls on the keyboard do not already have another function associated with them – this is how preset #5 is congured.
Storing Presets
KeyStudio 25 uses “non-volatile” memory allowing presets to be stored even after the keyboard has been switched o. All controller
and channel assignments are automatically stored under the current preset number as soon as you conrm a change—there is no
need to “save” the preset. Additional settings are also stored including: the program number, bank LSB and bank MSB data, global
channel setting, MIDI Out from USB conguration, and last used memory preset.
Duplicating and Organizing Presets
You may want to duplicate or reorganize the order of the presets on your KeyStudio 25 controller. For example, let’s say you wanted
to copy preset #2 (“Reason Native”) to location #4. This can be done through the following procedure:
1. Recall preset #2 by using the DEC/INC buttons.
2. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
3. Press the MEM STORE key on the keyboard.
4. Enter “4” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons.
5. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
This will save or store the current setup to preset location #4. Note that this operation will overwrite the contents of the
existing preset.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 19
Enigma Software
Enigma is a powerful program that allows you to change the settings of any assignable slider, knob, or button on the KeyStudio 25
through an easy-to-use graphical user interface. The program also allows you to store a virtually unlimited amount of presets on
your computer’s hard drive—a handy tool for users who have created custom presets for each of their MIDI devices. The program is
available for free download at www.m-audio.com
Refer to the Enigma User Guide to learn more about how to use the software with KeyStudio 25
Sending a Snap Shot
Snap Shot is a useful function that can be used to synchronize the receiving MIDI
device with the controls on your keyboard. When you send a Snap Shot, the current
value of each individual MIDI control (button, knob, slider, etc.) will be sent on the
channel that the MIDI control is assigned to. This updates all of the parameters on
your MIDI device with the current knob positions on KeyStudio 25. The function can
also be used as a creative tool, often with interesting and surprising results.
Press the GLOBAL CHAN and MUTE buttons together to send a “Snap Shot.”
Muting All Controllers
To temporarily mute the KeyStudio 25 fader and knobs, press the function button
labeled MUTE. The LED displays “OFF” when this function is engaged.
Mute allows you to alter the position of the slider and the knobs without aecting
the settings of your software. Note that this function does not aect buttons, the foot switch, pitch bend and modulation controls, or
the keyboard. When one of the aforementioned controls is used, mute is disengaged and all controllers are turned back on.
Use this feature if you are switching between presets with the controllers out of position. You will be able to move the controller to a
position relative to the software’s controller value, without causing the software’s controller value to jump.
TIP: This function can also
be used to set up the control
parameters at the start of a
song. If you set all the controller
values to obtain the desired
eect levels in your song, you
can then record the Snap Shot
to ensure the song will always
play back with the correct
eect levels. To do this, put your
sequencer into record mode
and press the Snap
Shot buttons.
Program Mode Overview
KeyStudio 25 has two modes of operation: Program mode and Performance mode. Most of the time, the controller stays in
Performance mode so you can play regularly—Program mode is only used when you need to congure various parameters like knob
assignments. Use the ADVANCED FUNCTION button to enter and exit Program mode (a small dot appears on the lower-right hand
side of the display whenever you are in Program mode).
< Once you have entered Program mode, you can select dierent parameters to edit by pressing one of the keys on the left
half of the keyboard. The function of each key is written directly above the key:
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
< Each of the assignable controllers on KeyStudio 25 can send MIDI CC, RPN/NRPN, GM 1&2, and predened SysEx messages on its
| 20
own individual MIDI channel.
< Certain parameters require you to enter additional information such as the MIDI channel or CC number. Use the 0-9 keys (on the
right hand side of the keyboard) or the DEC/INC buttons to set these values. The LED display will indicate the current value.
< If you’ve entered a number, use the Enter key to conrm the entry. If you’ve changed your mind, press the ADVANCED FUNCTION
button to exit Program mode without changing any settings.
Assigning MIDI CCs
To edit a MIDI CC mapping for a button, knob, or slider:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and
move or push the controller that you wish to
assign.
2. Press the CTRL ASGN key. The LED display
will show the MIDI CC number of your
selected controller.
3. Enter a new MIDI CC value using the
numerical data entry keys, or the DEC/INC
buttons. The LED will display your new CC
number.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and
exit Program mode.
Assigning MIDI Channels
The following procedure describes how to set any of
the assignable controls on KeyStudio 25 to transmit on
a unique MIDI channel:
Alternate method for selecting controls
To edit a controller, you must rst select the control you wish
to reassign. The simplest way of doing this is to turn or push
whatever knob, button, or slider you wish to edit. This method
is already mentioned throughout the various sections of this
chapter. However, there is an alternate method of selecting a
control for editing using the “CTRL SEL” (Control Select) key.
This method is as follows:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the
CTRL SEL key.
2. The LED will display the number of the currently
selected controller, preceded by a “C.”
3. Enter the number of the controller using the numerical
data entry keys, or the DEC/INC buttons.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
This control is now selected for editing.
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and move or push the controller that you wish to assign.
2. Press the CHAN ASGN key. The LED display will show the current channel assignment of the selected controller.
3. Enter the new MIDI channel number using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. The LED will display the
new channel number.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and exit Program mode.
Note: If a button, knob, or slider is assigned to channel 0, it will transmit on the Global Channel of KeyStudio 25.
Reassigning MIDI CC for the Modulation Control
To edit a MIDI CC mapping for the Modulation control:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
2. Press the CTRL SEL key.
3. Enter “10” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This number corresponds to the Pitch control (each
slider, button, or knob’s control number is printed next to it on the KeyStudio 25 keyboard).
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the selection and exit Program mode.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button again.
6. Press the CTRL ASGN key. The LED display will show the MIDI CC number of your selected controller.
7. Enter a new MIDI CC value using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. The LED display will show the new
CC number.
8. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and exit Program mode.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Reassigning MIDI CC for the Pitch Control
To edit a MIDI CC mapping for the Pitch Bend control:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button.
2. Press the CTRL SEL key.
3. Enter “10” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This number corresponds to the Modulation control
(each slider, button, or knob’s control number is printed next to it on the KeyStudio 25 keyboard).
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the selection and exit Program mode.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button again.
6. Press the CTRL ASGN key. The LED display will show the MIDI CC number of your selected controller.
7. Enter a new MIDI CC value using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. The LED will display your new CC
number.
8. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and exit Program mode.
Reassigning MIDI CC for the Sustain Pedal input
To edit a MIDI CC mapping for the Sustain footswitch:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION.
| 21
2. Press the CTRL SEL key.
3. Enter “20” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This number corresponds to the Sustain Pedal input
(each slider, button, or knob’s control number is printed next to it on the KeyStudio 25 keyboard).
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the selection and exit Program mode.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button again.
6. Press the CTRL ASGN key. The LED display will show the MIDI CC number of your selected controller.
7. Enter a new MIDI CC value using the numerical data entry keys, or the DEC/INC buttons. The LED display will show the new
CC number.
8. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and exit Program mode.
Limiting the Range of the Controls
Normally, the range of a MIDI controller is 0 to 127. In some cases, you may wish to restrict the minimum or maximum limits of this
range. A minimum restriction can be placed on knobs, faders, Pitch bend, or Modulation controls by doing the following:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and move or push the controller that
you wish to limit.
2. Press the DATA 2 (MIN) key. The LED will display the current Minimum limit of
the controller.
3. Enter the desired minimum value using the numerical data entry keys or the
DEC/INC buttons.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and exit Program mode.
If you would like to place a maximum limit:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and move or push the controller that you
wish to limit.
2. Press the DATA 3 (MAX) key. The LED will display the current maximum limit of
the controller.
3. Enter the desired maximum value using the numerical data entry keys or the
DEC/INC buttons.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm the entry and exit Program mode.
TIP: If your DATA 2 (MIN)
value is greater than the DATA
3 (MAX) value, your control
will work in “reverse.” In other
words, turning the control
clockwise will cause the MIDI
CC output data to decrease
while turning counterclockwise will cause the CC
output to increase. This is useful
in certain situations such as
when you wish to use a slider
like a drawbar on an organ.
For standard operation, make
sure your DATA 3 (MAX) value is
higher than DATA 2 (MIN).
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 22
Using Controls to Increment or Decrement Values
Buttons and the pedal can be set to decrement or increment MIDI data values within a dened range and one by one. This is useful
if you need precise control over MIDI CC or you would like to use buttons to step forward or backward through programs (using a
program change message). To do this:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and push the footswitch or button you wish to modify.
2. Press the CTRL ASGN key.
3. Enter ‘153’ if you’d like to use the control to decrease a value (enter ‘154’ if you’d like to use the control to increase a value).
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button again, followed by the DATA 1 key.
6. Enter the number of the MIDI CC you want the button to send out.
7. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
8. To dene the range minimum, press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, followed by the DATA 2 (MIN) key.
9. Enter the desired minimum value using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons (e.g. 0).
10. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
11. To dene the range maximum, press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, followed by the DATA 3 (MAX) key.
12. Enter the desired maximum value using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons (e.g. 127).
13. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
Setting Toggle Values for the Buttons
The 8 assignable buttons and the pedal can each be assigned to toggle between two values by doing the following:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and push the footswitch or button you wish to modify.
2. Press the DATA 2 (MIN) key. The LED will display the current “low” value of the controller.
3. Enter your new low value using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons.
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button again, followed by the DATA 3 (MAX) key.
6. Enter the new “high” value using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons.
7. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
The procedure described above will toggle the value each time you press the button or footswitch. It is also possible to congure the
control so that it sends one value when it is pressed, and another value when released. To do this:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and push the footswitch or button you wish to modify.
2. Press the CTRL ASGN key.
3. Enter 146 using the numerical data entry keys or DEC/INC buttons. This sets the control for MIDI CC (On/O) mode.
4. Press ENTER to conrm.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button again, followed by the DATA 1 key.
6. Enter the number of the MIDI CC you want the button to send out.
7. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
8. Assign the two toggle values for “control press” (DATA 3) and “control release” (DATA 2) using the procedure described
above.
| 23
Assigning MIDI Machine Control (MMC) Commands to a Button
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and push the button you wish to modify.
2. Press the CTRL ASGN key.
3. Enter “149” using the numerical data entry keys to indicate that you would like to assign an MMC command to your
selected button (see Appendix B for a complete list of MIDI CC numbers and their corresponding commands).
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the CHAN
ASGN key.
6. Enter “127” using the numerical keypad. This ensures that the
message is sent to all device ID numbers.
7. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
8. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the DATA 2 key.
9. Enter a number from the chart on the right to assign the
corresponding MMC message to your selected button.
Number MMC Command
01 STOP
02 PLAY
03 DEFERRED PLAY
04 FAST FORWARD
05 REWIND
06 RECORD STROBE
07 RECORD EXIT
08 RECORD PAUSE
09 PAUSE
10 EJECT
11 CHASE
12 COMMAND ERROR RESET
13 MMC RESET
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 24
Assigning a Note to a Button
The following shows the procedure for setting a button to transmit a MIDI Note On message when pressed, and a MIDI Note O
message when released.
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and push the button you wish to modify.
2. Press the CTRL ASGN key.
3. Enter “147” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This is the MIDI CC number that corresponds to
Note On/O mode (see Appendix B for all MIDI CC numbers).
4. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
5. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button followed by the DATA 3 key.
6. Enter “100” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This will result in a “Note On” message with a
velocity of 100 when your selected button is pressed. If you would like a dierent velocity, enter that velocity instead of
“100.”
7. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
8. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button followed by the DATA 2 key.
9. Enter “0” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This will result in a “Note O” command being sent
out when your selected button is released.
10. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
11. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button followed by the DATA 1 key.
12. Enter “64” using the numerical data entry keys or the DEC/INC buttons. This results in MIDI Note 64 or E4 each time the
button is pressed. To play a dierent note, enter a dierent value here (MIDI Note numbers are listed in Appendix E).
13. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
Assigning RPN/NRPN to a Fader or Knob
Non-registered parameter numbers (NRPN’s) are device-specic messages that enable you to control synthesizers and sound
modules via MIDI. The MIDI specication denes open parameter numbers to allow manufacturers to specify their own controllers.
Some of the more common messages are now registered by the MIDI Manufacturer’s Association and are part of the MIDI
specication (hence the term Registered Parameter Numbers – RPN’s).
Each NRPN/RPN has an associated 2-byte number. The two bytes allow for 128 values each. (An RPN or NRPN message is made up
of two parts: the MSB and the LSB message. Both of these messages together constitute an RPN or NRPN command.) This allows for
16,384 values in total.
MIDI controllers 98 and 99 represent the NRPN LSB and MSB respectively, while 100 and 101 represent the RPN LSB and MSB
messages (see the MIDI controllers list in Appendix B). To transmit an NRPN/RPN message, these LSB and MSB controller messages
are sent along with their user-specied values. A further controller message and value needs to be sent to specify the (coarse or ne)
value adjustment. This is specied by controller number 6 (data entry) for coarse adjustments or number 38 for ne adjustments.
A list of NRPN’s is usually given in the user’s manual of any device that receives NRPN messages. It is always necessary that the NRPN
MSB and LSB be sent together. Both will be specied in the device’s manual.
To assign an RPN/NRPN message to a fader or knob:
1. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button and move the fader or knob you wish to assign.
2. Press the CTRL ASGN key and enter “132” for RPN Coarse, “133” for RPN Fine, “134” for NRPN Coarse, or “135” for NRPN Fine
using the numerical data entry keys or DEC/INC buttons.
3. Press ENTER key to conrm your selection.
4. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the DATA 3 key.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
5. Enter your RPN/NRPN MSB value and press the ENTER key to conrm.
6. Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the DATA 2 key. This assigns the number for the RPN/NRPN LSB.
7. Enter your RPN/NRPN LSB value and press the ENTER key to conrm.
8. Finally, press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the CHAN ASGN key.
9. Enter the channel that the message should be sent on.
10. Press the ENTER key to conrm your selection.
Note: Many specication sheets for synthesizers and other MIDI devices make use of NRPN messages and
will give the MSB and LSB values that should be entered for DATA 3 and DATA 2 (See Appendix G). Some
sheets may only list the values in hexadecimal format, but the M-Audio KeyStudio 25 requires each value to
be entered as a decimal. Use Appendix C at the end of this User Guide to convert hexadecimal values into
decimal.
| 25
About SysEx Messages and Device ID
MIDI SysEx messages (memory dump, all notes o, master tune, etc.) are global MIDI messages that are not MIDI channel-specic.
This means SysEx messages are not transmitted on specic MIDI channels. Instead, SysEx transmits a Device ID number along with
any SysEx message. This ID is used to uniquely address a particular destination device within your MIDI setup. Device IDs range
between 00–127. To send a SysEx message to a particular device in your MIDI setup, nd out which Device ID it responds to, then
assign the same Device ID to KeyStudio 25 before starting the transmission.
For most devices, the Device ID is pre-congured at 127 at the factory. Device ID 127 plays a special role, as it can be read by all
connected devices, regardless of their individual Device ID setting.
As an example, a device with device ID 50 will not only accept messages that are using Device ID 50, but also messages with Device
ID 127. SysEx messages with any other Device ID are ignored.
The Device ID for a SysEx message assigned to a controller can be changed using the DEV ID key. This key is used for varying the
global Device ID of the M-Audio KeyStudio 25.
Assigning the Device ID
Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button, then the DEV ID key to assign a Device ID to the M-Audio KeyStudio 25. When the DEV ID
key is pressed, the LED display indicates the assigned Device ID. It is possible to enter a new device ID using the numerical data entry
keys, or the +/- buttons. Press the ENTER key to conrm.
If a SysEx message is sent from a device with a Device ID of 127, that message can be read by all attached MIDI receiving hardware
regardless of their Device ID settings. If a SysEx message is created by a device with a Device ID other than 127, the SysEx message
will only be processed by devices with an identical Device ID. The sent SysEx message will be ignored by devices with a Device ID that
doesn’t match that of the sending device.
Memory Dump
Press the ADVANCED FUNCTION button followed by the MEM DUMP key to send out a number of SysEx data packets that represent
the 5 user-dened or factory-set presets of the M-Audio KeyStudio 25. This can be used for storing or backing up the contents of the
memory presets externally.
It is possible to record a Memory Dump to a standard MIDI sequencer track, much like how you would record notes on a MIDI
sequencer track. You can recall the Memory Dump you recorded by playing back the MIDI track containing the recorded Memory
Dump, making sure that the M-Audio KeyStudio 25 is selected as the MIDI output for that particular track.
The current controller assignments are not immediately aected by a Memory Dump, or a memory location that is sent to the
keyboard. You rst need to recall a preset to access the uploaded new settings after a memory dump has been sent to the keyboard.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
"ANK-3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
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"ANK,3"
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"ANK,3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK-3" "ANK,3" 0ROGRAM
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0ROGRAM
MIDI Messages In-Depth
Program & Bank Changes
When the MIDI standard was rst established,
it enabled the user to access only 128 dierent
sounds using program change messages (0-127).
As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated
and contain more sounds, bank change messages
were included in an updated MIDI specication to
allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed.
The language MIDI uses to communicate between
musical instruments only allows for program
change commands 0-127, for a total of 128
possible programs (127 programs + program
“0” = 128 programs total). Because of inherent
limitations of the MIDI communication protocol,
the number of directly accessible programs
(using program change messages) cannot easily
be expanded beyond 128. Thus, a system of
banks, with 128 sounds in each, has been created
that enables manufacturers to overcome the
128-sound MIDI limit.
128 Banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the
basic principle used to expand the number of
accessible sounds. However, to avoid reaching the
new limit of the resulting 16,384 possible sounds
(128 banks x 128 programs) accessible using a
bank change combined with a program change,
another layer of banks was added. The result is a
system of 128 banks that can contain 128 subbanks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain
128 sounds (programs) within them.Bank change
messages are useful when calling up sounds from
a large library that may exist in a particular sound
module or software synth. For example devices
that are built with Roland’s GS specication or
Yamaha’s XG specication require you to specify
a bank change in order to access the extra voices
and eects that these devices provide.
MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most Signicant
Byte) message. This MIDI message is 7-bit in size
and can be used to select any of 128 banks. This
message can be used in conjunction with MIDI
CC 32 which is bank select LSB (Least Signicant Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional selection of any of another 128
sub-banks. The combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible 16,384 banks.
Each bank can in turn contain 128 possible sounds selected via a separate program change MIDI message. This enables a user to
theoretically recall over two million programs directly, using only MIDI commands. However, most devices only use a few dierent
banks, and allow you to access them with either a Bank LSB message or a Bank MSB message. Please consult your synthesizer’s or
software’s documentation for more information on which type of bank change messages they can process.”
| 26
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 27
You will nd many MIDI devices respond to program change commands and many are organized according to the GM listing. In
General MIDI devices, dierent sounds are organized in the same way from device to device. Piano sounds are in their particular
place, string sounds are in their place, drum sounds are in their place, and so on. All GM devices (both hardware and software sound
modules) are clearly labeled as such, so you know that their sounds are organized in the General MIDI structure. When a GM device
receives a MIDI program change, it calls up a type of sound that you expect from the GM sound set. All non-GM MIDI sound modules
call up unique sounds from their memory upon receiving MIDI program changes. Since the sounds in a non-GM device are not
arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the device itself to see which sound you want and at which location in the
memory it resides. Many VST instruments such as Native Instruments’ FM7 or the synth modules in Propellerhead Reason are non-GM
devices.
You can send program change, bank LSB and bank MSB messages directly from the KeyStudio keyboard. Please consult the
“Advanced KeyStudio 25 Features in Edit Mode“ section of this User Guide for further details.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 28
Troubleshooting
The KeyStudio 25 keyboard has been tested under a wide variety of conditions. Despite our thorough testing, the controller can be used
in virtually limitless situations and certain scenarios may result in unexpected performance. This section will highlight some of the most
common diculties users may experience and provide tips to remedy these problems. If you have read this section and still cannot
resolve an issue you are experiencing, please feel free to contact M-Audio technical support for further assistance.
Problem 1: My KeyStudio 25 suddenly stopped working after having performed ne since installation.
Close any music applications you are using, switch the KeyStudio 25 o, and restart your computer. Once your computer has
restarted, switch the KeyStudio 25 back on and try again.
Problem 2: I have connected a sustain pedal to my M-Audio keyboard, but its operation is reversed.
The KeyStudio 25 keyboard determines the polarity of a sustain pedal when the controller is switched on. The sustain pedal is
assumed to be in the OFF position (i.e., not pressed) when the keyboard is turned on. To ensure proper operation, make sure
the pedal is not pressed during start up.
Problem 3: The keyboard does not trigger sounds in my music software.
See if your music software features a “MIDI input” or “MIDI activity” indicator. Most programs have a MIDI activity indicator
that can be used to conrm whether MIDI data from the keyboard is reaching the software. If the software is not receiving any
MIDI data, be sure the controller is properly installed and is selected as a MIDI input device within your software. Refer to your
software’s documentation to learn how to congure and select MIDI input devices.
If the MIDI activity display indicates that MIDI data is reaching your software, then you may not be hearing sounds because the
MIDI data is not being routed correctly through the software itself. Refer your software’s documentation to learn how to route
MIDI data properly.
Problem 4: The controller is connected to my computer through USB but it does not seem to turn on.
Make sure the power switch is in the “On” position. If this does not remedy the problem, the keyboard may not be receiving
adequate power from your computer. Try plugging the controller into a dierent USB port or powered USB hub. Alternatively,
you may try connecting a 9V DC, 500mA external power supply to the Power jack on the rear of the keyboard.
Problem 5: My music software (or hardware) always recalls the preset next to the program number that I have sent to it from the
KeyStudio 25. For example, if I send a program change with the number 40 (Violin), my software loads sound number 41 (Viola).
Some General MIDI modules count their sound patches from 1 – 128 instead of 0-127. Both methods are common. As a result,
there may be an oset of +/-1 between the sent program change number and the recalled sound patch.
Problem 6: I have modied my KeyStudio 25 settings but would like to go back to its “factory default” settings.
To reset KeyStudio 25 to its “factory default” settings, rst switch the keyboard o. Next (while the controller is still o), press
and hold both Preset +/- buttons and turn the unit on. Note that restoring the factory presets will erase all setups you have
stored to memory.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 29
Problem 7: When I press a key, or attempt to monitor my microphone or instrument input, there is a noticeable delay before I hear
any sound.
This phenomenon is known as latency. On certain audio interfaces, latency may be
adjusted by changing the buer size setting in the audio interface’s control panel. Consult
your audio interface’s documentation to learn if it is possible to reduce latency on your
system.
The goal is to set the buer size as low as possible without experiencing artifacts in the
audio. Faster computers generally allow for smaller buer size settings, and thus less
latency. If there is a large delay between what you play on the keyboard, and what
you hear from your virtual instrument in Session, you can try to lower the audio buer
size within Session.
If your audio interface supports ASIO, click Options > Audio Hardware. Make sure the ASIO
radio button is selected, then click “ASIO Settings” to open the control panel for your ASIO
interface. The control panel features that are available depend on the make and model of
your audio interface. Locate the buer size and/or latency control and lower the buer size
M-Audio builds a variety
of low latency ASIOcompatible devices that can
help resolve latency issues
you may be experiencing.
If you are on a budget, the
inexpensive M-Audio Micro
interface will provide low
latency performance at an
extraordinarily low price
point to help you make better
music with Session and other
applications.
and/or latency time.
If your audio interface does not support ASIO, click Options > Audio Hardware. Select the
WDM radio button, then choose a lower value from the “Buer Size” menu.
Some WDM compatible sound cards deliver improved latency when activating the “Use Low Latency Streaming” check box.
However, not every audio interface is compatible with this mode.
Problem 8: I am unable to input monitor through Session.
Click the Input Monitor button, enabling the Input Monitor feature. This allows you to play or sing through Session, known as
input monitoring. Depending on the proximity of your microphone or guitar to your speakers, and the volume setting of your
speakers, there is potential for feedback (a loud, screeching noise). Be sure to turn your speaker volume down before pressing
the Input Monitor button. After pressing the Input Monitor button, gradually increase your speaker volume to a safe level.
Optionally, Session can press the Input Monitor button automatically for the selected Track. This option is disabled by default
to protect your ears and speakers. To turn this option on, select Auto Input Monitor Selected Audio Track from the Track menu,
located at the top of the Session window.
Alternatively, if you are using a professional or semi-professional audio interface, your device may feature “hardware
monitoring” allowing an input to be sent directly to the audio outputs. This method bypasses your audio software (and buers)
and allows you to hear the inputs with virtually no latency. Consult your audio interface’s documentation to learn how to use
this feature.
Problem 9: I hear a loud screeching sound after creating or selecting an audio track.
If you are using speakers, and your microphone is too close to the speakers, you may experience feedback. To solve this issue,
< Lower your speaker’s volume.
< Disable Auto Input Monitor Selected Audio Track from the Track menu in the Menu bar. If you choose this option, make
sure to press this button when you need to monitor through the track.
In general, it is good practice to turn your speakers o while recording, and listen with headphones.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 30
Problem 10: I hear crackles, clicks, or pops when playing or recording audio.
Make sure that Session’s Master Volume control does not indicate clipping. This control indicates clipping by drawing two red
dots at the far right edge of the volume meter. If you see clipping, move the Master Volume control slider to the left. If you hear
crackles, clicks, pops, or other artifacts while recording or input monitoring through a track, lower your microphone or guitar
signal until the track stops clipping. Crackles, clicks, pops, or other artifacts also occur when your computer cannot keep up
with the current task. To solve this problem in Session, click Options > Audio Hardware > ASIO Settings > Latency, and drag the
slider upwards. Repeat this process if this problem continues.
Problem 11: The KeyStudio does not trigger sounds in Session.
Go To Options > MIDI Hardware and make sure “USB Audio Device” or “USB O2 In” is selected in the Input Port box. Also make
sure a track for keyboard playback and recording is selected.
Problem 12: Synth Patches and MultiFX Presets do not load.
It is likely that you moved the Factory and/or User Content Folders. If you moved the Factory Content Folder, you can point
Session to it by choosing Locate Factory Content Folder from the Options Menu. If you moved the User Content Folder, you can
point Session to it by choosing Set User Content Folder from the Options Menu.
Problem 13: After adding more sample content, the new content does not display in the Track Browsers.
When manually adding new content to Session (copying new les into Session’s Content Folders), you must re-scan the Content
Library by choosing Re-Scan Content Categories from the Category Manager.
Problem 14: The Composition sounds distorted.
If your Composition sounds distorted, you may need to lower the overall volume of the Composition by adjusting the Master
Volume control, located at the top right of the Session window. If the level is loud enough to cause distortion, you will see two
red dots at the far right end of the Master Volume control.
Problem 15: The Session software operates very slowly, and is very system-resource intensive.
This problem may be solved by downloading and installing a more current driver from your specic graphics card
manufacturer’s website.
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Appendices - Useful MIDI Data
Appendix A: MIDI Implementation Chart
Function Transmitted Received Remarks
Basic Default 1-16
Channel Changed 1-16
Mode Default ---------
Messages X X
Altered *********
Note 0-127
Number True Voice *********
Velocity Note ON 0
Note OFF X
After Keys X
Touch Ch’s 0
Pitch Bend 0 X
Control 0 -119 0 X
Change 120-127 0 X
Program 0-127
Change True Number *********
System
Exclusive
System Song Position X
Common Song Select X
System Clock X
Exclusive Commands X
Aux
Messages
Notes 0 = YES X=NO
Local ON/
OFF
All Notes OFF 0
Active Sense 0
Reset 0
GM, GM2, MMC Memory Dump
0
| 31
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Appendix B: Assignable MIDI CC’s on KeyStudio 25
Table B1: Knobs and fader assignments
MIDI CC Description Data LSB Data MSB
0 -119 Standard MIDI CC’s - -
120 -127 Channel Mode Messages - -
128 Pitch Bend Sensitivity - -
129 Channel Fine Tune - -
130 Channel Coarse Tune - -
131 Channel Pressure - -
132 RPN Coarse RPN LSB RPN MSB
133 RPN Fine RPN LSB RPN MSB
134 NRPN Coarse NRPN LSB NRPN MSB
135 NRPN Fine NRPN LSB NRPN MSB
136 Master Volume GM* Volume LSB Volume MSB
137 Master Pan GM* Pan LSB Pan MSB
138 Master Coarse Tune GM* Tuning LSB Tuning MSB
139 Master Fine Tune GM* Tuning LSB Tuning MSB
140 Chorus Mod Rate GM2* Mod rate -
141 Chorus Mod Depth GM2* Mod depth -
142 Feedback GM2* Feedback level -
143 Send to Reverb GM2* Reverb send level -
144 Pitch Bend Pitch shift LSB Pitch shift MSB
255 Controller Off - -
| 32
* SysEx messages
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Table B2: Buttons and Sustain Pedal Assignments
MIDI CC Description Program Data LSB Data MSB
0 -119 Standard MIDI CC’s - Toggle value 2 Toggle value 1
120 -127 Channel Mode
Messages
128 Pitch Bend Range - Sensitivity value -
129 Channel Fine Tune - Tuning amount -
130 Channel Coarse Tune - Tuning amount -
131 Channel Pressure - Pressure amount -
132 RPN Coarse Value RPN LSB RPN MSB
133 RPN Fine Value RPN LSB RPN MSB
134 NRPN Coarse Value NRPN LSB NRPN MSB
135 NRPN Fine Value NRPN LSB NRPN MSB
136 Master Volume GM* - Volume LSB Volume MSB
137 Master Pan GM* - Pan LSB Pan MSB
138 Master Coarse Tune
GM*
139 Master Fine Tune GM* - Tuning LSB Tuning MSB
140 Chorus Mod Rate
GM2*
141 Chorus Mod Depth
GM2*
142 Feedback GM2* - Feedback level -
143 Send to Reverb GM2* - Reverb send level -
144 Pitch Bend - Pitch shift LSB Pitch shift MSB
145 Program/Bank Preset Program Bank LSB Bank MSB
146 MIDI CC (on/off) MIDI CC Button press value Button release value
147 Note (on/off) Note Velocity off Velocity on
148 Note (on/off toggle) Note Velocity off Velocity on
149 MMC Command** - Command select. -
150 Reverb Type GM2 * - Type -
151 Reverb Time GM2 * - Time -
152 Chorus Type GM2* - Type -
153 MIDI CC Decrement MIDI CC Start value End value
154 MIDI CC Increment MIDI CC Start value End value
255 Controller Off - - -
- Toggle value 2 Toggle value 1
- Tuning LSB Tuning MSB
- Mod rate -
- Mod depth -
| 33
*SysEx messages
**MMC SysEx messages
Table B3: MMC Command Numbers
Number MM C Command Number MMC Command
01 STOP 08 RECORD PAUSE
02 PL AY 09 PAUSE
03 DEFERRED PLAY 10 EJECT
04 FAST FORWARD 11 CHASE
05 REWIND 12 COMMAND ERROR RESET
06 RECORD STROBE 13 MMC RESET
07 RECORD EXIT
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Appendix C: Hexadecimal Conversion Chart
Hexadecimal Value Decimal Value Hexadecimal Value Decimal Value Hexadecimal Value Decimal Value
0 0 2B 43 56 86
1 1 2C 44 57 87
2 2 2D 45 58 88
3 3 2E 46 59 89
4 4 2F 47 5A 90
5 5 30 48 5B 91
6 6 31 49 5C 92
7 7 32 50 5D 93
8 8 33 51 5E 94
9 9 34 52 5F 95
0A 10 35 53 60 96
0B 11 36 54 61 97
0C 12 37 55 62 98
0D 13 38 56 63 99
0E 14 39 57 64 100
0F 15 3A 58 65 101
10 16 3B 59 66 102
11 17 3C 60 67 103
12 18 3D 61 68 104
13 19 3E 62 69 10 5
14 20 3F 63 6A 106
15 21 40 64 6B 107
16 22 41 65 6C 108
17 23 42 66 6D 109
18 24 43 67 6E 110
19 25 44 68 6F 111
1A 26 45 69 70 11 2
1B 27 46 70 71 11 3
1C 28 47 71 72 114
1D 29 48 72 73 11 5
1E 30 49 73 74 116
1F 31 4A 74 75 117
20 32 4B 75 76 11 8
21 33 4C 76 77 119
22 34 4D 77 78 12 0
23 35 4E 78 79 121
24 36 4F 79 7A 122
25 37 50 80 7B 123
26 38 51 81 7C 124
27 39 52 82 7D 12 5
28 40 53 83 7E 126
29 41 54 84 7F 127
2A 42 55 85
| 34
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Appendix D: General MIDI Preset Specification
Piano Bass Reed Synth Effects
0 Acous tic Grand Piano
1 Brigh t Acoustic Piano
2 Elect ric grand Piano
3 Honky Tonk Pian o
4 Elect ric Pi ano 1
5 Elect ric Pi ano 2
6 Harpsichord
7 Clavinet
Chromatic Percussion Strings/Orchestra Pipe Ethnic
8 Cele sta
9 Glockenspiel
10 Music Box
11 Vibrapho ne
12 Marimb a
13 Xylophon e
14 Tubular bells
15 Dulcim er
Organ Ensemble Synth Lead Percussive
16 Drawbar Organ
17 Percussive Org an
18 Rock Org an
19 Church O rgan
20 Reed O rgan
21 Accordion
22 Harm onica
23 Tango Acc ordion
Guitar Brass Synth Pad Sound Effects
24 Nylon Acoust ic
25 Steel A coustic
26 Jaz z Electric
27 Clean Elect ric
28 Muted Electric
29 Overdrive
30 Distorted
31 Harmo nics
32 Acoustic Ba ss
33 Fing ered B ass
34 Elec tric P icked B ass
35 Fretless B ass
36 Slap B ass 1
37 Slap Ba ss 2
38 Syn Ba ss 1
39 Syn Ba ss 2
40 Viol in
41 Viola
42 Cello
43 Contrabass
44 Tremolo Strin gs
45 Piz zicato Strin gs
46 Orch estral Har p
47 Timpani
48 String Ensemble 1
49 String Ense mble 2
50 Syn Strings 1
51 Syn Strin gs 2
52 Choir A ahs
53 Voice Oohs
54 Syn Ch oir
55 Orch estr al Hit
56 Trumpet
57 Trombone
58 Tuba
59 Muted Trumpet
60 French Horn
61 Brass Secti on
61 Syn Bra ss 1
62 Syn Brass 2
64 Sopr ano Sa x
65 Alto Sax
66 Tenor Sa x
67 Baritone Sa x
68 Oboe
69 English Horn
70 Bassoon
71 Clari net
72 Piccolo
73 Flute
74 Recorder
75 Pan Flu te
76 Bottl e Blow
77 Shakuhachi
78 Whistle
79 Ocarina
80 Syn Square Wave
81 Syn Saw tooth Wave
82 Syn Ca lliope
83 Syn Chiff
84 Syn Charang
85 Syn Voice
86 Syn Sawtoot h Wave
87 Syn Bra ss & Lead
88 New Ag e Syn Pad
89 Warm Sy n Pad
90 Polysynth Syn Pad
91 Choir Syn Pad
92 Bowed Syn Pad
93 Metal Syn Pad
94 Halo Syn Pad
95 Sweep Syn Pad
| 35
96 SFX Rain
97 SFX Soundtrack
98 SFX Crys tal
99 SFX Atmosphere
100 SFX Bright ness
101 SFX Gob lins
102 SFX Echoes
103 SFX Sci-Fi
104 Sitar
105 Banjo
106 Shamisen
107 Koto
108 Kalimba
109 Bag Pip e
110 Fidd le
111 Shanai
112 Tinkle Bell
113 Agogo
114 Steel Drums
115 Woodblock
116 Taiko Drum
117 Melodic Tom
118 Syn Drum
119 Reverse Cymbal
120 Guitar F ret Noise
121 Breath Noise
122 Seasho re
123 Bird Tweet
124 Telephone Ring
125 Helico pter
126 Applau se
127 Gun Shot
Appendix E: MIDI Note Numbers
Octave (n) Note Numb ers
Cn C#n Dn D#n En Fn F#n Gn G#n An A#n Bn
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
2 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
3 48 49 50 51 52 53 5 4 55 56 57 58 59
4 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
5 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
6 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
7 96 97 98 99 10 0 101 102 103 104 105 10 6 10 7
8 108 109 11 0 111 11 2 113 114 115 116 117 118 11 9
9 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Appendix F: Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC’s)
| 36
00 Bank Select
01 Modulation
02 Breath Control
03 Controller 3
04 Foot Control
05 Porta Time
06 Data Entry
07 Channel Volume
08 Balance
09 Controller 9
10 Pan
11 Expression
12 Effects Controller 1
13 Effects Controller 2
14 Controller 14
15 Controller 15
16 Gen Purpose 1
17 Gen Purpose 2
18 Gen Purpose 3
19 Gen Purpose 4
20 Controller 20
21 Controller 21
22 Controller 22
23 Controller 23
24 Controller 24
25 Controller 25
26 Controller 26
27 Controller 27
28 Controller 28
29 Controller 29
30 Controller 30
31 Controller 31
32 Bank Select LSB
33 Modulation LSB
34 Breath Control LSB
35 Controller 35
36 Foot Control LSB
37 Porta Time LSB
38 Data Entry LSB
39 Channel Volume LSB
40 Balance LSB
41 Controller 41
42 Pan LSB
43 Expression LSB
44 Controller 44
45 Controller 45
46 Controller 46
47 Controller 47
48 Gen Purpose 1 LSB
49 Gen Purpose 2 LSB
50 Gen Purpose 3 LSB
51 Gen Purpose 4 LSB
52 Controller 52
53 Controller 53
54 Controller 54
55 Controller 55
56 Controller 56
57 Controller 57
58 Controller 58
59 Controller 59
60 Controller 60
61 Controller 61
62 Controller 62
63 Controller 63
64 Sustain Pedal
65 Portamento
66 Sostenuto
67 Soft Pedal
68 Legato Pedal
69 Hold 2
70 Sound Variation
71 Resonance
72 Release Time
73 Attack Time
74 Cut-off Frequency
75 Controller 75
76 Controller 76
77 Controller 77
78 Controller 78
79 Controller 79
80 Gen Purpose 5
81 Gen Purpose 6
82 Gen Purpose 7
83 Gen Purpose 8
84 Portamento Control
85 Controller 85
86 Controller 86
87 Controller 87
88 Controller 88
89 Controller 89
90 Controller 90
91 Reverb Depth
92 Tremelo Depth
93 Chorus Depth
94 Celeste (De-tune)
95 Phaser Depth
96 Data Increment
97 Data Decrement
98 Non-Reg Param LSB
99 Non-Reg Param MSB
100 Reg Param LSB
101 Reg Param MSB
102 Controller 102
103 Controller 103
104 Controller 104
105 Controller 105
106 Controller 106
107 Controller 107
108 Controller 108
109 Controller 109
110 Controller 110
111 Controller 111
112 Controller 112
113 Controller 113
114 Controller 114
115 Controller 115
116 Controller 116
117 Controller 117
118 Controller 118
119 Controller 119
Channel Mode Messages
120 All Sound off
121 Reset all Controllers
122 Local Control
123 All Notes Off
124 Omni Off
125 Omni On
126 Mono On (Poly Off)
127 Poly On ( Mono Off)
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
Appendix G: Roland GS and Yamaha XG NRPN Support
NRPN NRPN Data Data
MSB LSB MSB LSB
CC99 CC98 CC06 CC38
01 08 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Vibrato Rate (relative change)
01 09 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Vibrato Depth (relative change)
01 0A 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Vibrato Delay (relative change)
01 20 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Filter Cutoff Freq. (relative change)
01 21 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Filter Resonance (relative change)
01 63 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) EG (TVF&TVA) Attack Time (relative change)
01 64 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) EG (TVF&TVA) Decay Time (relative change)
01 66 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) EG (TVF&TVA) Release Time (relative change)
*14 00-7F 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Drum Filter Cutoff Freq. (relative change)
*15 00-7F 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Drum Filter Resonance (relative change)
| 37
*16 00-7F 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Drum EG Attack Rate (relative change)
*17 00-7F 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Drum EG Decay Rate (relative change)
18 00-7F 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Drum Instrument Pitch Coarse (relative change)
*19 00-7F 00-7F n/a (-64 - 0 - +63) Drum Instrument Pitch Fine (relative change)
1A 00-7F 00-7F n/a (0 to Max) Drum Instrument Level (absolute change)
1C 00-7F 00-7F n/a (Random, L>C>R) Drum Instrument Panpot (absolute change)
1D 00-7F 00-7F n/a (0 to Max) Drum Instrument Reverb Send Level (absolute change)
1E 00-7F 00-7F n/a (0 to Max) Drum Instrument Chorus Send Level (absolute change)
%1F 00-7F 00-7F n/a (0 to Max) Drum Instrument Variation Send Level (absolute change)
* added by Yamaha XG; % changed from Delay to Variation by Yamaha XG
Appendix H: General MIDI Reverb and Chorus Types
Reverb Types
0: Small Room
1: Medium Room
Chorus Types
0: Chorus 1
1: Chorus 2
2: Large Room
3: Medium Hall
4: Large Hall
8: Plate
2: Chorus 3
3: Chorus 4
4: FB Chorus
5: Flanger
Session KeyStudio 25 User Guide
| 38
Technical Info
Caution: Electro Static Discharge, Electrical Fast Transient and Conducted RF interference may cause the unit malfunctioning. In such case,
unplug the unit and plug it in again to restore normal operation.
Note: Your M-Audio product has been tested to comply with FCC Standards FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE. Modifications not authorized by the
manufacturer may void users authority to operate this device.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,
uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
< Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.
< Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
< Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit dierent from that to which the receiver is connected.
< Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.
ASIO is a trademark of Steinberg Soft– und Hardware GmbH.
VST is a trademark of Steinberg Soft– und Hardware GmbH
Warranty
Warranty Terms
M-Audio warrants products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship, under normal use and provided that the product
is owned by the original, registered user. Visit www.m-audio.com/warranty for terms and limitations applying to your specic
product.
Warranty Registration
Immediately registering your new M-Audio product entitles you to full warranty coverage and helps M-Audio develop and
manufacture the nest quality products available. Register online at www.m-audio.com/register to receive FREE product updates
and for the chance to win M-Audio giveaways.
WARNING: This product contains chemicals, including lead, known to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or other
reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
Session KeyStudio 25
Tested to comply with
FCC standards
FOR HOME OR STUDIO USE
© 2008 Avid Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Product features, specications, system requirements and availability are subject to change
without notice. Avid, M-Audio, Enigma, Session, O2 and KeyStudio 25 are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Avid Technology, Inc. All
other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.
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セールスに関するお問い合わせ
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