Kodak P-255 User Manual

TECHNICAL DATA /

BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM

K OD AK PR OFESSIONAL Technical
Pan Film

• Laser recording

—NOTICE—

Discontinuance of

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film is being
discontinued due to steadily declinin g deman d over the recent
years. Changes in product component s and our manuf acturing
processes make it impractical to continue to support this
product at its current low le vels.

The last Tech Pan coating was several years ago. Since that
time, the old coating room has been shut down, the gels used
in the product formulation have become obsolete, and we no
longer manufacture the ESTAR support on which the 35 mm
product was coated. There would be consider able cost to
recreate the product, with no guarantee that it would look and
act the same as the Tech Pan Film of old.

Technical Pan Film will continue to be available until the
existing inventory has been depleted.

• Other applications such as slide making, copying, and
microfilming that require high or moderately high
contrast combined with fine grain and high resolving
power

SIZES AVAILABLE

Sizes and CAT numbers may differ from country to country.
See your dealer who supplies KODAK PROFESSIONAL
Products.

KOD AK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film 2415

Size

mm x ft

35 x 150 2415

Film

Code

Base Sp No.

4-mil

(0.10 mm)

ESTAR-AH

June 2003 • P-255

Letter

Code

442 TP 129 9916

CAT No.

While there is no direct replacement for Tech Pan Film, you
may find KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film in
combination with specific B&W Developers to be a viable
alternative for some applications.

KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film is Kodak’s
slowest and finest-grained black-and-white film for pictorial
photography (when developed in KODAK TECHNIDOL
Liquid Developer). It is a variable-contrast panchromatic
film with extended red sensitivity; because of its extended
red sensitivity, it yields prints with a gray-tone rendering
slightly different from that produced by other panchromatic
films. (This is most noticeable in portraits, in which it
suppresses blemishes.)

Use this film for pictorial, scientific, technical, and
reversal-processing applications. It is an excellent choice for
making big enlargements or murals.

APPLICATIONS

You can vary the contrast of KODAK PROFESSIONAL
Technical Pan Film by modifying development. The wide
range of contrast levels, along with the spectral sensitization
and combination of speed and image-structure properties,
makes this film unusually versatile and suitable for many
applications:

• Pictorial photography

• Photomicrography

• Microphotography (Microfilming)

• Solar photography

• Photographing electrophoretic gels

Size

135-36 2415

KOD AK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan 4415

Sheets

Per

Package

50 4 x 5

50 8 x 10 852 1817

KOD AK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film 6415

Size

120 6415

Film

Code

Sizes

(inches)

Film

Code

Base

4-mil

(0.10 mm)

ESTAR-AH

Film

Code/Notch

Base

3.6-mil

(0.091 mm)

acetate

Letter

Code

Base CAT No.

7-mil

(0.18 mm)

ESTAR

Thick

Letter

Code

CAT No.

TP 129 7563

882 6596

CAT No.

TP 151 1054

Because 2415 Film has a thinner base than conventional
35 mm picture-taking films, 150-foot rolls finished to Sp 442
will fit in bulk-film loaders designed to accept 100-foot rolls.

Other sizes are available on a special-order basis, subject
to manufacturing limitations and current minimum-order
requirements. Minimum-order quantities for special-ord e r
sizes are generally 750 square feet (70 square metres) of
film.

©Eastman Kodak Company, 2000

SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

Technical Pan Film has reasonably uniform spectral
sensitivity at all visible wavelengths out to 690 nanometres
(nm). Because of this extended red sensitivity, red areas and
flesh tones may appear lighter than they would with
conventional black-and-white films. This is often an
advantage. For example, it helps conceal some skin
blemishes and often adds a pleasing luminous quality to skin
tones. (This effect is less evident in portraits made in the
shade outdoors, because there is less red light present.)

To approximate the response of conventional
panchromatic films more closely, make exposures through a
color-compensating filter such as a KODAK Color
Compensating Filter CC40C or CC50C (cyan). With this
filter, no exposure compensation is necessary; however,
there may be a slight loss in sharpness.

STORAGE AND HANDLING

High temperatures or high humidity may produce unwanted
quality changes. Store unexposed film at 75°F (24°C) or
lower in the original package. Always store film (exposed or
unexposed) in a cool, dry place. For best results, process film
as soon as possible after exposure.

Load and unload roll-film cameras in subdued light, and
rewind the film completely before unloading the camera.
Total darkness is required when you remove film from the
magazine or load and unload film holders.

Protect processed film from strong light, and store it in a
cool dry place. For more information on storing negatives,
see KODAK Publication No. E-30, Storage and Care of

Photographic Materials—Before and After Processing.

Exposure- and Contrast-Index Values for Various
Development Conditions

Contrast

Index

High 2.50 DEKTOL 3 200

2.40 to 2.70 D-19 (1:2) 4 to 7 100 to 160

2.25 to 2.55 D-19 2 to 8 100 to 200

1.20 to 2.10 HC-110 (Dil B) 4 to 12 100 to 250

1.25 to 1.75 HC-110 (Dil D) 4 to 8 80 to 125

1.10 to 2.10 D-76 6 to 12 64 to 125

1.00 to 1.50 MICRODOL-X 8 to 12 32 to 50

0.80 to 0.95 HC-110 (Dil F) 6 to 12 32 to 64

0.50 to

Low

0.70

KODAK

Developer

TECHNIDOL

Liquid

Development

Time

(minutes at

68°F [20°C])

5 to 11 16 to 25

Exposure

Index

For pictorial applications, use EI 25/15° and process the
film in KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer. (Refer to
“PROCESSING.”)

For high-contrast reversal-processing applications, use
EI 64/19° to produce slides from high-contrast subjects such
as line art. Process the film with the KODAK
PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Direct Positive Film
Developing Outfit.

Filter Factors

Multiply the normal exposure by the filter factor indicated
below. If you use a through-the-lens meter, take the meter
reading without the filter over the lens, and then calculate
your exposure by using the filter factor. Where no filter
factor is listed in the table, no test was made with that filter.

EXPOSURE

The speed of this film depends on the application, the type
and degree of development, and the level of contrast
required. Therefore, no single speed value applies for all
situations. (Speed ratings may ra nge from a lo w of EI 16 for
pictorial photography to a high EI 320 for microfilming. Use
the exposure indexes in the following table with meters
marked for ISO, ASA, or DIN speeds or exposure inde xes.
They are intended for trial exposures.

You can expose this film with daylight or tungsten light.
Exposure to tungsten illumination produces a 10-percent
increase in speed and a 5-percent increase in contrast.

KODAK WRATTEN

Gelatin Filter

No.8 (yellow) 1.2 1.5
No. 11 (yellowish green) 5 —
No. 12 (deep yellow) 1.2 —
No. 15 (deep yellow) 1.2 2
No. 25 (red) 2 3
No. 47 (blue) 25 12
No. 58 (green) 12 —

* Based on a 1-second exposure and development in KODAK HC-110

Developer (Dilution D) for 8 minutes at 68°F (20°C).

† Based on a 1/25-second exposure and development in KODAK

TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer for 9 minutes at 68°F (20°C).

Tungsten

Filter Factor

Daylight

*

Filter Factor

†

2 KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255

Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures

Compensate for the reciprocity characteristics of this film by
increasing exposure and adjusting the development as
shown.

If Indicated

Exposure

Time Is

(seconds)

Use This

Lens-

Aperture

Adjustment

OR

1/10,000 None None +30%

1/1,000 None None +20%

1/100 None None None

1/10 None None None

1 None None –10%

10 +

100 +1

1

⁄

stop 15 –10%

2

1

⁄

stops

2

Exposure- and Contrast-Index Values for Processing in the
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11

This

Adjusted

Exposure

Time

(seconds)

Adjust

aperture

AND

Use This

Development

Adjustment

None

DARKROOM RECOMMENDATIONS

Handle unprocessed film in total darkness. After
development is half completed, you can use a KODAK
3 Safelight Filter (dark green) in a suitable safelight lamp
with a 15-watt bulb. Keep the safelight at least
4 feet (1.2 metres) from the film.

For information on safelight testing, see KODAK

Publication K-4, How Safe Is Your Safelight?

Contrast

Index

KODAK

Developer

Development

Temperature

°F (°C)

Machine

Speed

(ft/min)

Developer

Racks

2.20 VERSAMAT 885 85 (29.4) 10 1 160/23°

1.40 VERSAMAT 641 85 (29.4) 10 1 125/22°

1.40 DURAFLO RT 80 (26.5) 10 2 160/23°

* Based on a 1/25-second daylight exposure

Changes in Speed and Contrast
Due to Long- and Short-Exposure Adjustments

Camera

Stops

0

1

3

2

3

1

1

1

3

2

1

3

Exposure:
Process:

8 minutes at 68 F (20 C)

1

1

5000

500

250010000

1

1

1000

SPEED SHIFT

Tungsten or Daylight

KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),

CONTRAST-INDEX SHIFT

1

1

100

1

1

50

250

Time (seconds)

1
215110125

32842101

Log

Exposure

0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

C.I.

0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

100

Exposure

Index

ISO/DIN

*

F002_0195AC

P-255 • P-255 3

SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

Pictorial Photography

These films produce high-quality pictorial negatives when
processed in KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer . (See
“PROCESSING.”) Conventional de velopers generally
produce contrast too high for normal pictorial photography.
Process the film according to the instructions for KODAK
TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer.

In pictorial applications, the fine grain permits
enlargements at magnifications of 25X or more with little
perceptible grain. The extended red sensitivity has a
haze-cutting effect in photographs of distant landscapes and
in aerial shots.

Use an exposure index of 25 for trial exposures.

Copy Applications

Y ou can use these films for copying printed material, making
reverse-text title slides, and copying continuous-tone
photographs.

Use two lamps. Place one on each side of the copy
material so that each light strikes the material at about a
45-degree angle. For originals larger than 16 x 20 inches
(40 x 50 cm), you may need four lamps (two on each side)
for uniform illumination. Determine the exposure with a
meter.

If you use a camera with a through-the-lens meter, take the
reading from a gray card in the copy position. The meter
could give you an incorrect reading from the copy itself,
depending on the amount of text.

If you do not use an exposure meter, try these starting
points: With two No. 2 photolamps in matte-surface
reflectors at about 4 feet (1.2 metres) from the copyboard,
use 1/60 second at ƒ/8. With two No. 1 photolamps, increase
the exposure by one stop.
With meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN) speeds or exposure
indexes, use these film-speed values:

Starting-Point Exposures for Copying Printed
Materials: With meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN) speeds

or exposure indexes, use these film-speed values:

• Tungsten 320/26°—for incident-light readings or for
reflected-light readings from a gray card (18-percent
reflectance) at the copyboard.

• Tungsten 64/19°—for reflected-light readings from a
matte white card (90-percent reflectance) at the
copyboard.

Note: These values are based on small-tank development in
KODAK Developer D-19 for 4 minutes at 68°F (20°C) with
agitation at 30-second intervals.

The exposure index is based on the formula EI = 36/H,
where H is the 1-second exposure in lux-seconds required to
produce a density of 1.20 above minimum density with the
indicated development.

Starting-Point Exposures for Making Reverse-Text
Slides: With exposure meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN)

speeds or exposure indexes, use these film-speed values:

• Tungsten 200/24°—for incident-light readings or for
reflected-light readings from a gray card (18-percent
reflectance) at the copyboard.

• Tungsten 40/17°—for reflected-light readings from a
matte white card (90-percent reflectance) at the
copyboard.

Note: These values for reverse-text slides are based on
development in KODAK DEKTOL Developer for 3 minutes
at 68°F (20°C).

The exposure index is based on the formula EI = 10/H,
where H is the 1-second exposure in lux-seconds required to
produce a density of 0.60 above minimum density with the
indicated development.

Copying Continuous-Tone Photographs: To copy
continuous-tone photographs, use an exposure-index value
to achieve a gamma value between 0.6 and 1.0, depending on
the contrast of the original. For low-contrast originals, you
can try KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dilution B) for
6 minutes (EI 160); for higher-contrast originals, use
KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer for 9 minutes
(EI 25).

Microphotography (Microfilming)

The resolving power of Technical Pan Film allows
microfilming of most documents at reductions of up to 20X,
assuming that the copying lens is of high quality and is
carefully focused. The film plane and the plane of the
copyboard must be parallel to provide sharp focus over the
whole image area. When you photograph black-and-white
originals, use a green filter such as a KODAK WRATTEN
Gelatin Filter No. 58 or 61. This will help suppress the
chromatic aberrations found in most lenses that would be
emphasized by the extended red sensitivity of the film.

For optimum image quality, adjust the exposure to
achieve a negative density of 1.20 in the areas that
correspond to the white or light-colored areas of the original.
Process the film to a gamma of 2.0 in KODAK HC-110
Developer (Dilution D) for 8 minutes at 68° F (20°C)
(EI 125).

Photographing Electrophoretic Gels

Electrophoretic gels are often photographed to produce
prints for information storage, analysis, display, and
publication. KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan
Films yield high-quality black-and-white negatives from
which you can make high-quality prints of these gels. Adjust
exposure carefully to minimize the appearance of the gel
background tint in the prints.

Make tests to determine exposures for your lighting
conditions. Develop the film for 4 minutes in KODAK
HC-110 Developer (Dilution D) at 68°F (20°C) (EI 80).
TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer may also work with your
setup.

4 KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film • P-255