Keithley 2400 Service Manual

Model 2400SourceMeter

®

Service Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

W ARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,
rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defec­tive.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in
Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation
prepaid, to the indicated service facility . Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid.
Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMIT A TION OF W ARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written
consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-recharge­able batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instruc­tions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUD­ING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT , INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF
THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS
BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAM­AGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION,
LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY T O ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE T O PROPER TY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, OH 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone] • http://www.k eithley.com

BELGIUM: Keithley Instruments B.V.
CHINA: Keithley Instruments China
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments Sarl 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cedex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: [phone]
GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH Landsberger Strasse 65 • 82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: [phone]
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments Ltd
INDIA: Keithley Instruments GmbH Flat 2B, WILOCRISSA • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: [phone]
ITALY: Keithley Instruments s.r.l. Viale S. Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: [phone]
NETHERLANDS: Keithley Instruments B.V. Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: [phone]
SWITZERLAND: Keithley Instruments SA Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: [phone]
TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan 1 Fl. 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3572-9077• Fax: [phone]

Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02/363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]
Y uan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Y umin Road, De wai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-62022886 • Fax: [phone]

The Minster • 58 Portman Road • Reading, Berkshire RG30 1EA • 0118-9 57 56 66 • Fax: [phone]

9/00

Model 2400 SourceMeter

Service Manual

®

©1996, Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Fourth Printing, November 2000

Document Number: 2400-902-01 Rev. D

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created
for this manual. The Revision Le vel letter increases alphabetically as the manual under goes sub­sequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change in­formation that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered
sequentially . When a new Re vision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Re vision
of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each ne w Revision includes
a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2400-902-01)............................................................January 1996

Revision B (Document Number 2400-902-01).......................................................... February 1996

Addendum B (Document Number 2400-902-02).................................................... September 1996

Revision C (Document Number 2400-902-01)..................................................................July 2000

Revision D (Document Number 2400-902-01)........................................................November 2000

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated in­strumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous
voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar
with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully
before using the product.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for

ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring
that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures

and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous
live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating, for example,

setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the
manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be
performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of prod-

ucts. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable con-

nector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock haz­ard exists when voltage lev els greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must en­sure that users are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, con­nections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be
trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or
above 1000 volts,

As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multi­meter measuring circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are Installation
Category II. All other instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and must not be connect­ed to mains.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with
impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting
sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power re­ceptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks be­fore each use.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is ap­plied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any
capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching
cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

A good safety

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power
line (earth) ground. Alw ays make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface ca­pable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions
or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications
and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth

ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation

requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a scre w is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documen­tation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in
the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the com­bined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to av oid personal contact
with these voltages.

The

WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always

read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The

CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may

invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the

power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses,
with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original
component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain ac­curacy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component,
call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument
only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Prod­ucts that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contami­nated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Rev. 10/99

T able of Contents

1 Performance V erification

Introduction ................................................................................ 1-2

Verification test requirements ..................................................... 1-2

Environmental conditions ................................................... 1-2

Warm-up period .................................................................. 1-2

Line power .......................................................................... 1-3

Recommended test equipment ............................................ 1-3

Verification limits ................................................................ 1-3

Restoring factory defaults .......................................................... 1-4

Performing the verification test procedures ............................... 1-5

Test summary ...................................................................... 1-5

Test considerations .............................................................. 1-5

Setting the source range and output value .......................... 1-6

Setting the measurement range ........................................... 1-6

Compliance considerations ........................................................ 1-6

Compliance limits ............................................................... 1-6

Types of compliance ........................................................... 1-6

Maximum compliance values ............................................. 1-7

Determining compliance limit ............................................ 1-7

Taking the SourceMeter out of compliance ........................ 1-8

Output voltage accuracy ............................................................. 1-8

Voltage measurement accuracy ................................................ 1-10

Output current accuracy ........................................................... 1-11

Current measurement accuracy ................................................ 1-12

Resistance measurement accuracy ........................................... 1-13

2 Calibration

Introduction ................................................................................ 2-2

Environmental conditions .......................................................... 2-2

Temperature and relative humidity ..................................... 2-2

Warm-up period .................................................................. 2-2

Line power .......................................................................... 2-2

Calibration considerations .......................................................... 2-3

Calibration cycle ................................................................. 2-3

Recommended calibration equipment ................................. 2-4

Unlocking calibration .......................................................... 2-4

Changing the password ....................................................... 2-6

Resetting the calibration password ..................................... 2-6

Viewing calibration dates and calibration count ................. 2-7

Calibration errors ................................................................ 2-7

Front panel calibration ................................................................ 2-8

Remote calibration .................................................................... 2-16

Remote calibration commands .......................................... 2-16

Remote calibration procedure ........................................... 2-18

Single-range calibration ............................................................ 2-22

3 Routine Maintenance

Introduction ................................................................................ 3-2

Line fuse replacement ................................................................. 3-2

4 T roubleshooting

Introduction ................................................................................ 4-2

Repair considerations ................................................................. 4-2

Power-on self-test ....................................................................... 4-2

Front panel tests .......................................................................... 4-3

KEYS test ............................................................................ 4-3

DISPLAY PATTERNS test ................................................. 4-3

CHAR SET test ................................................................... 4-4

Principles of operation ................................................................ 4-4

Analog circuits .................................................................... 4-4

Power supply ....................................................................... 4-6

Output stage ......................................................................... 4-7

A/D converter ...................................................................... 4-8

Active guard ........................................................................ 4-8

Digital circuitry ................................................................... 4-8

Troubleshooting ........................................................................ 4-10

Display board checks ........................................................ 4-10

Power supply checks ......................................................... 4-10

Digital circuitry checks ..................................................... 4-11

Analog circuitry checks ..................................................... 4-11

Battery replacement .................................................................. 4-12

No comm link error .................................................................. 4-13

5 Disassembly

Introduction ................................................................................ 5-2

Handling and cleaning ................................................................ 5-2

Handling PC boards ............................................................ 5-2

Solder repairs ....................................................................... 5-2

Static sensitive devices ............................................................... 5-3

Assembly drawings ..................................................................... 5-3

Case cover removal ..................................................................... 5-4

Analog board removal ................................................................ 5-4

Digital board removal ................................................................. 5-6

Front panel disassembly ............................................................. 5-6

Removing power components .................................................... 5-7

Power supply removal ......................................................... 5-7

Power module removal ....................................................... 5-7

Instrument reassembly ............................................................... 5-7

6 Replaceable Parts

Introduction ................................................................................ 6-2

Parts lists .................................................................................... 6-2

Ordering information ................................................................. 6-2

Factory service ........................................................................... 6-3

Component layouts .................................................................... 6-3

A Specifications

Accuracy calculations ............................................................. A-10

Measure accuracy ............................................................. A-10

Source accuracy ............................................................... A-10

B Command Reference

Introduction ............................................................................... B-2

Command summary .................................................................. B-2

Miscellaneous commands ......................................................... B-3

Detecting calibration errors ....................................................... B-9

Reading the error queue ..................................................... B-9

Error summary ................................................................... B-9

Status byte EAV (Error Available) bit .............................. B-10

Generating an SRQ on error ............................................ B-10

Detecting calibration step completion ..................................... B-11

Using the *OPC? query ................................................... B-11

Using the *OPC command ............................................... B-11

Generating an SRQ on calibration complete ................... B-12

C Calibration Programs

Introduction ............................................................................... C-2

Computer hardware requirements ............................................. C-2

Software requirements .............................................................. C-2

Calibration equipment ............................................................... C-2

General program instructions .................................................... C-3

Program C-1. Model 2400 calibration program ................ C-3

Requesting calibration constants ............................................... C-6

Program C-2. Requesting calibration constants ................ C-6

List of Illustrations

1 Performance V erification

Figure 1-1 Voltage verification front panel connections .......................... 1-9

Figure 1-2 Current verification connections .......................................... 1-11

Figure 1-3 Resistance verification connections ..................................... 1-15

2 Calibration

Figure 2-1 Voltage calibration connections ............................................. 2-9

Figure 2-2 Current calibration connections ........................................... 2-12

3 Routine Maintenance

Figure 3-1 Rear panel .............................................................................. 3-3

4 T roubleshooting

Figure 4-1 Analog circuit block diagram ................................................ 4-5

Figure 4-2 Power supply block diagram .................................................. 4-6

Figure 4-3 Output stage simplified schematic ......................................... 4-7

Figure 4-4 Digital board block diagram .................................................. 4-9

List of T ables

1 Performance V erification

Table 1-1 Recommended verification equipment .................................. 1-3

Table 1-2 Output voltage accuracy limits .............................................. 1-9

Table 1-3 Voltage measurement accuracy limits .................................. 1-10

Table 1-4 Output current accuracy limits ............................................. 1-12

Table 1-5 Current measurement accuracy limits .................................. 1-13

Table 1-6 Ohms measurement accuracy limits .................................... 1-14

2 Calibration

Table 2-1 Recommended calibration equipment ................................... 2-4

Table 2-2 Calibration unlocked states .................................................... 2-5

Table 2-3 Front panel voltage calibration ............................................ 2-11

Table 2-4 Front panel current calibration ............................................. 2-14

Table 2-5 Remote calibration command summary .............................. 2-16

Table 2-6 :CALibration:PROTected:SENSe parameter ranges ............ 2-17

Table 2-7 :CALibration:PROTected:SOURce parameter ranges ......... 2-17

Table 2-8 Voltage calibration initialization commands ........................ 2-18

Table 2-9 Voltage range calibration commands ................................... 2-19

Table 2-10 Current calibration initialization commands ........................ 2-20

Table 2-11 Current range calibration commands ................................... 2-21

3 Routine Maintenance

Table 3-1 Power line fuse ....................................................................... 3-2

4 T roubleshooting

Table 4-1 Display board checks ........................................................... 4-10

Table 4-2 Power supply checks ............................................................ 4-10

Table 4-3 Digital circuitry checks ........................................................ 4-11

Table 4-4 Analog circuitry checks ....................................................... 4-11

6 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-1 Analog board parts list ........................................................... 6-4

Table 6-2 Digital board parts list .......................................................... 6-10

Table 6-3 Display board parts list ........................................................ 6-13

Table 6-4 Mechanical parts list ............................................................ 6-14

B Command Reference

Table B-1 Remote calibration command summary ................................ B-2

Table B-2 :CALibration:PROTected:SENSe parameter ranges ............. B-6

Table B-3 :CALibration:PROTected:SOURce parameter ranges .......... B-8

Table B-4 Calibration errors ................................................................ B-10

1

Performance V erification

1-2 Performance Verification

Introduction

Use the procedures in this section to verify that Model 2400 accuracy is within the limits stated
in the instrument’s one-year accuracy specifications. You can perform these verification
procedures:

• When you first receive the instrument to make sure that it was not damaged during
shipment.

• To verify that the unit meets factory specifications.

• To determine if calibration is required.

• Following calibration to make sure it was performed properly.

WARNING The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel

only. Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.
Some of these procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages, which
could cause personal injury or death if contacted. Use standard safety pre­cautions when working with hazardous voltages.

NOTE If the instrument is still under warranty and its performance is outside specified

limits, contact your Keithley representative or the factory to determine the correct
course of action.

V erification test requirements

Be sure that you perform the verification tests:

• Under the proper environmental conditions.

• After the specified warm-up period.

• Using the correct line voltage.

• Using the proper test equipment.

• Using the specified output signal and reading limits.

Environmental conditions

Conduct your performance verification procedures in a test environment with:

• An ambient temperature of 18-28°C (65-82°F).

• A relative humidity of less than 70% unless otherwise noted.

W arm-up period

Allow the Model 2400 to warm up for at least one hour before conducting the verification
procedures. If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (those outside the
ranges stated above), allow additional time for the instrument’s internal temperature to
stabilize. Typically, allow one extra hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the
specified temperature range.

Also, allow the test equipment to warm up for the minimum time specified by the
manufacturer.

Performance Verification 1-3

Line power

The Model 2400 requires a line voltage of 88 to 264V and a line frequency of 50 or 60Hz.
Verification tests should be performed within this range.

Recommended test equipment

Table 1-1 summarizes recommended verification equipment. You can use alternate equipment
as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed in Table 1-1. Keep
in mind, however, that test equipment uncertainty will add to the uncertainty of each measure­ment. Generally, test equipment uncertainty should be at least four times better than corre­sponding Model 2400 specifications. Table 1-1 lists the uncertainties of the recommended test
equipment.

Table 1-1

Recommended verifi cation equipment

Description Manufacturer/Model Accuracy*

Digital Multimeter

Resistance calibrator

**90-day specifications show accuracy at specified measurement point.

**Nominal resistance values shown.

Hewlett Packard
HP3458A

Fluke 5450A

DC Voltage

DC current

Resistance**

200mV:
2V:
20V:
200V:
1µA:
10µA:
100µA:
1mA:
10mA:
100mA:
1A:
19

Ω :

190

Ω :

1.9k

Ω :

19k

Ω

190k Ω :

1.9M

Ω :

19M

Ω :

100M

Ω :

±15ppm
±6ppm
±9ppm
±7ppm
±55ppm
±25ppm
±23ppm
±20ppm
±20ppm
±35ppm
±110ppm
±23ppm
±10.5ppm
±8ppm
±7.5ppm
±8.5ppm
±11.5ppm
±30ppm
±120ppm

V erification limits

The verification limits stated in this section have been calculated using only the Model 2400
one-year accuracy specifications, and they do not include test equipment uncertainty. If a
particular measurement falls outside the allowable range, recalculate new limits based both on
Model 2400 specifications and corresponding test equipment specifications.

1-4 Performance Verification

Example limits calculation

As an example of how verification limits are calculated, assume you are testing the 20V DC
output range using a 20V output value. Using the Model 2400 one-year accuracy specification
for 20V DC output of ±(0.02% of output + 2.4mV offset), the calculated output limits are:

Output limits = 20V ± [(20V
Output limits = 20V ± (0.004 + 0.0024)
Output limits = 20V ± 0.0064V
Output limits = 19.9936V to 20.0064V

× 0.02%) + 2.4mV]

Resistance limits calculation

When verifying the ohms function, you may find it necessary to recalculate resistance limits
based on the actual calibrator resistance values. You can calculate resistance reading limits in
the same manner described above, but be sure to use the actual calibrator resistance values and
the Model 2400 normal accuracy specifications for your calculations.

As an example, assume that you are testing the 20k
19k

Ω calibrator resistor is 19.025k Ω . Using the Model 2400 one-year normal accuracy

specifications of ±(0.063% of reading + 3
Reading limits = 19.025k

Reading limits = 19.025k
Reading limits = 19.0100k Ω to 19.0400k Ω

Ω ±[(19.025k Ω × 0.063%) + 3 Ω ]
Ω ± 15 Ω

Restoring factory defaults

Before performing the verification procedures, restore the instrument to its factory front panel
(bench) defaults as follows:

1. Press MENU key. The instrument will display the following prompt:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP COMMUNICATION CAL

2. Select SAVESETUP, and then press ENTER. The unit then displays:

SETUP MENU

SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET

3. Select RESET, and then press ENTER. The unit displays:

RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS

BENCH GPIB

4. Select BENCH, and then press ENTER. The unit then displays:

RESETTING INSTRUMENT

ENTER to confirm; EXIT to abort

5. Press ENTER to restore bench defaults, and note the unit displays the following:

RESET COMPLETE

BENCH defaults are now restored



Press ENTER to continue

6. Press ENTER and then EXIT to return to normal display.

Ω range, and the actual value of the nominal

Ω ), the recalculated reading limits are:





Performance Verification 1-5

Performing the verification test procedures

T est summary

• DC voltage output accuracy

• DC voltage measurement accuracy

• DC current output accuracy

• DC current measurement accuracy

• Resistance measurement accuracy

If the Model 2400 is not within specifications and not under warranty, see the calibration
procedures in Section 2 for information on calibrating the unit.

T est considerations

When performing the verification procedures:

• Be sure to restore factory front panel defaults as outlined above.

• Make sure that the test equipment is properly warmed up and connected to the
Model 2400 INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Also ensure that the front panel jacks are selected
with the TERMINALS key.

• Make sure the Model 2400 is set to the correct source range.

• Be sure the Model 2400 output is turned on before making measurements.

• Be sure the test equipment is set up for the proper function and range.

• Allow the Model 2400 output signal to settle before making a measurement.

• Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2400 through a scanner, multiplexer, or
other switching equipment.

WARNING The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between LO and chassis

ground) is 250V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in
insulation, creating a shock hazard.

CAUTION The maximum voltage between INPUT/OUTPUT HI and LO or 4-WIRE

SENSE HI and LO is 250V peak. The maximum voltage between INPUT/
OUTPUT HI and 4-WIRE SENSE HI or between INPUT/OUTPUT LO
and 4-WIRE SENSE LO is 5V. Exceeding these voltages may result in
instrument damage.

1-6 Performance Verification

Setting the source range and output value

Before testing each verification point, you must properly set the source range and output value
as outlined below.

1. Press either the SOURCE V or SOURCE I key to select the appropriate source
function.

2. Press the EDIT key as required to select the source display field. Note that the cursor
will flash in the source field while its value is being edited.

3. With the cursor in the source display field flashing, set the source range to the lowest
possible range for the value to be sourced using the up or do wn RANGE k ey. For exam­ple, you should use the 20V source range to output a 19V or 20V source value. With a
20V source value and the 20V range selected, the source field display will appear as
follows:

Vsrc:+20.0000 V

4. With the source field cursor flashing, set the source output to the required value using
either:

• The SOURCE adjustment and left and right arrow keys.

• The numeric keys.

5. Note that the source output value will be updated immediately; you need not press
ENTER when setting the source value.

Setting the measurement range

When simultaneously sourcing and measuring either voltage or current, the measure range is
coupled to the source range, and you cannot independently control the measure range. Thus, it
is not necessary for you to set the range when testing voltage or current measurement accurac y.

Compliance considerations

Compliance limits

When sourcing voltage, you can set the SourceMeter to limit current from 1nA to 1.05A.
Conversely, when sourcing current, you can set the SourceMeter to limit voltage from 200µV
to 210V. The SourceMeter output will not exceed the programmed compliance limit.

T ypes of compliance

There are two types of compliance that can occur: “real” and “range.” Depending upon which
value is lower , the output will clamp at either the displayed compliance setting (“real”) or at the
maximum measurement range reading (“range”).

The “real” compliance condition can occur when the compliance setting is less than the highest
possible reading of the measurement range. When in compliance, the source output clamps at
the displayed compliance value. For example, if the compliance voltage is set to 1V and the
measurement range is 2V, the output voltage will clamp (limit) at 1V.

“Range” compliance can occur when the compliance setting is higher than the possible reading
of the selected measurement range. When in compliance, the source output clamps at the
maximum measurement range reading (not the compliance value). For example, if the
compliance voltage is set to 1V and the measurement range is 200mV, the output voltage will
clamp (limit) at 210mV.

Maximum compliance values

The maximum compliance values for the measurement ranges are summarized as follows:

Performance Verification 1-7

Measurement

range

200mV

2V

20V

200V

1µA

10µA

100µA

1mA

10mA

100mA

1A

When the SourceMeter goes into compliance, the “Cmpl” label or the units label (i.e., “mA”)
for the compliance display will flash.

Maximum

compliance value

210mV

1.05µA

10.5µA

1.05mA

10.5mA
105mA

Determining compliance limit

The relationships to determine which compliance is in effect are summarized as follows. They
assume the measurement function is the same as the compliance function.

• Compliance Setting < Measurement Range = Real Compliance

• Measurement Range < Compliance Setting = Range Compliance

2.1V
21V

210V

105µA

1.05A

You can determine the compliance that is in effect by comparing the displayed compliance
setting to the present measurement range. If the compliance setting is lower than the maximum
possible reading on the present measurement range, the compliance setting is the compliance
limit. If the compliance setting is higher than the measurement range, the maximum reading on
that measurement range is the compliance limit.

1-8 Performance Verification

T aking the SourceMeter out of compliance

Verification measurements should not be made when the SourceMeter is in compliance. For
purposes of the verification tests, the SourceMeter can be taken out of compliance by going
into the edit mode and increasing the compliance limit.

NOTE Do not take the unit out of compliance by decreasing the source value or changing

the range. Always use the recommended range and source settings when performing
the verification tests.

Output voltage accuracy

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2400 output voltage accuracy is within specified
limits. This test involves setting the output voltage to each full-range value and measuring the
voltages with a precision digital multimeter.

1. With the power of f, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2400 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-1.

2. Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function.

NOTE The default voltage source protection value is 40V . Befor e testing the 200V r ange, set

the voltage source protection value to >200V. To do so, press CONFIG then
SOURCE V to access the CONFIGURE V-SOURCE menu, then select PROTEC­TION and set the limit value to >200V.

3. Press the Model 2400 SOURCE V k ey to source voltage, and make sure the source out­put is turned on.

4. Verify output voltage accuracy for each of the voltages listed in Table 1-2. For each test
point:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2400 output voltage to the indicated value.

• Verify that the multimeter reading is within the limits given in the table.

Fi

gure 1-

1

Voltage verifi cation front panel connections

EDIT

DISPLAY

TOGGLE

POWER

V

LOCAL

67

DIGITS SPEED

MEAS

FCTN

I

Ω

1

230

REL

FILTER

LIMIT

89

STORE

RECALL

V

4

TRIG

SWEEP

+/-

CONFIG MENU

I

5

SOURCE

Model 2400

EDIT

EXIT ENTER

2400 SourceMeter

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

Performance Verification 1-9

4-WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

250V
PEAK

ON/OFF

OUTPUT

250V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

LO

250V
PEAK

TERMINALS

FRONT/

REAR

Input HI

Input LO

Digital Multimeter

5. Repeat the procedure for negative output voltages with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-2.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-2

Output voltage accuracy limits

Model 2400

source range

200mV

2V

20V

200V

Model 2400

output voltage setting

200.000mV

2.00000V

20.0000V

200.000V

Output voltage limits

(1 year, 18°C–28°C)

199.360 to 200.640mV

1.99900 to 2.00100V

19.9936 to 20.0064V

199.936 to 200.064V

1-10 Performance Verification

V oltage measurement accuracy

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2400 voltage measurement accuracy is within
specified limits. The test involves setting the source voltage to 95% of full-range values, as
measured by a precision digital multimeter, and then verifying that the Model 2400 voltage
readings are within required limits.

1. With the power of f, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2400 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-1.

2. Select the multimeter DC volts function.

NOTE The default voltage source protection value is 40V . Befor e testing the 200V r ange, set

the voltage source protection value to >200V. To do so, press CONFIG then
SOURCE V to access the CONFIGURE V-SOURCE menu, then select PROTEC­TION and set the limit value to >200V.

3. Set the Model 2400 to both source and measure voltage by pressing the SOURCE V
and MEAS V keys, and make sure the source output is turned on.

4. Verify output voltage accuracy for each of the voltages listed in Table 1-3. For each test
point:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2400 output voltage to the indicated value as measured by the digital
multimeter.

• Verify that the Model 2400 voltage reading is within the limits given in the table.

NOTE It may not be possible to set the voltage sour ce to the specified value . Use the closest

possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

5. Repeat the procedure for negative source voltages with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-3.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-3

Voltage measurement accuracy limits

Model 2400 source and

measure range* Source voltage**

0200mv 190.000mV 189.677 to 190.323mV

002V 1.90000V 1.89947 to 1.90053V
020V 19.0000V 18.9962 to 19.0038V

200V 190.000V 189.962 to 190.038V

**Measure range coupled to source range when simultaneously sourcing and measuring voltage.

**As measured by precision digital multimeter. Use closest possible value, and modify reading limits

accordingly if necessary.

Model 2400 voltage reading limits

(1 year, 18°C–28°C)

Output current accuracy

Fi

2

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2400 output current accuracy is within specified
limits. The test involves setting the output current to each full-range value and measuring the
currents with a precision digital multimeter.

1. With the power of f, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2400 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-2.

2. Select the multimeter DC current measuring function.

3. Press the Model 2400 SOURCE I key to source current, and make sure the source out­put is turned on.

gure 1-

Current verifi cation connections

Performance Verification 1-11

4-WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

EDIT

DISPLAY

TOGGLE

POWER

V

REL

LOCAL

67

DIGITS SPEED

250V
PEAK

MEAS

FCTN

I

Ω

230

LIMIT

89

RECALL

V

4

TRIG

SWEEP

+/-

CONFIG MENU

5

1

FILTER

STORE

SOURCE

I

EDIT

EXIT ENTER

2400 SourceMeter

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

OUTPUT

ON/OFF

250V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

LO

250V
PEAK

TERMINALS

FRONT/

REAR

Model 2400

Input LO

Amps

Digital Multimeter

1-12 Performance Verification

4. Verify output current accuracy for each of the currents listed in Table 1-4. For each test
point:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2400 output current to the correct value.

• Verify that the multimeter reading is within the limits given in the table.

5. Repeat the procedure for negative output currents with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-4.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-4

Output current accuracy limits

Model 2400

source range

1µA

10µA

100µA

1mA

10mA

100mA

1A

Model 2400 output

current setting

1.00000µA

10.0000µA

100.000µA

1.00000mA

10.0000mA

100.000mA

1.00000A

Current measurement accuracy

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2400 current measurement accuracy is within
specified limits. The procedure involves applying accurate currents from the Model 2400
current source and then verifying that Model 2400 current measurements are within required
limits.

1. With the power of f, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2400 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks as shown in Figure 1-2.

2. Select the multimeter DC current function.

3. Set the Model 2400 to both source and measure current by pressing the SOURCE I and
MEAS I keys, and make sure the source output is turned on.

4. Verify measure current accuracy for each of the currents listed in Table 1-5. For each
measurement:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2400 source output to the correct value as measured by the digital
multimeter.

• Verify that the Model 2400 current reading is within the limits given in the table.

Output current limits

(1 year, 18°C–28°C)

0.99905 to 1.00095µA

9.9947 to 10.0053µA

99.949 to 100.051µA

0.99946 to 1.00054mA

9.9935 to 10.0065mA

99.914 to 100.086mA

0.99640 to 1.00360A

Performance Verification 1-13

NOTE It may not be possible to set the current source to the specified value. Use the closest

possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

5. Repeat the procedure for negativ e calibrator currents with the same magnitudes as those

listed in Table 1-5.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to

select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-5

Current measurement accuracy limits

Model 2400 source and

measure range* Source current**

1µA

10µA

100µA

1mA

10mA

100mA

1A

**Measure range coupled to source range when simultaneously sourcing and measuring current.

**As measured by precision digital multimeter. Use closest possible value, and modify reading limits

accordingly if necessary.

0.95000µA

9.5000µA

95.000µA

0.95000mA

9.5000mA

95.000mA

0.95000A

Resistance measurement accuracy

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2400 resistance measurement accuracy is within
specified limits. This procedure involves applying accurate resistances from a resistance
calibrator and then verifying that Model 2400 resistance measurements are within required
limits.

1. With the power off, connect the resistance calibrator to the Model 2400 INPUT/OUT-

PUT and 4-WIRE SENSE jacks as shown in Figure 1-3. Be sure to use the four-wire
connections as shown

2. Select the resistance calibrator external sense mode.

3. Configure the Model 2400 ohms function for the 4-wire sense mode as follows:

• Press CONFIG then MEAS

CONFIG OHMS

SOURCE SENSE-MODE GUARD

• Select SENSE-MODE, and then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

SENSE-MODE

2-WIRE 4-WIRE

• Select 4-WIRE, and then press ENTER.

• Press EXIT to return to normal display.

Ω . The instrument will display the following:

Model 2400 current reading limits

(1 year, 18°C–28°C)

0.94942 to 0.95058µA

9.4967 to 9.5033µA

94.970 to 95.030µA

0.94968 to 0.95032mA

9.4961 to 9.5039mA

94.942 to 95.058mA

0.94734 to 0.95266A

1-14 Performance Verification

4. Press MEAS Ω to select the ohms measurement function, and make sure the source out­put is turned on.

5. Verify ohms measurement accuracy for each of the resistance values listed in T able 1-6.
For each measurement:

• Set the resistance calibrator output to the nominal resistance or closest available
value.

NOTE It may not be possible to set the resistance calibrator to the specified value. Use the

closest possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

• Select the appropriate ohms measurement range with the RANGE keys.

• Verify that the Model 2400 resistance reading is within the limits given in the
table.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT and 4-WIRE
SENSE jacks. Be sure to select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS
key.

Table 1-6

Ohms measurement accuracy limits

Calibrator

Model 2400 range

20Ω

200Ω

2kΩ

20kΩ

200kΩ

2MΩ

20MΩ

200MΩ

** Nominal resistance value.

** Reading limits based on Model 2400 normal accuracy specifications and nominal resistance values. If

actual resistance values differ from nominal values shown, recalculate reading limits using actual calibrator
resistance values and Model 2400 normal accuracy specifications. See “Verification limits” earlier in this
section for details.

resistance*

19Ω

190Ω

1.9kΩ
19kΩ

190kΩ

1.9MΩ
19MΩ

100MΩ

Model 2400 resistance reading limits**

(1 year, 18°C-28°C)

18.9784 to 19.0216Ω

189.824 to 190.176Ω

1.89845 to 1.90155kΩ

18.9850 to 19.0150kΩ

189.847 to 190.153kΩ

1.89761 to 1.90239MΩ

18.9781 to 19.0219MΩ

99.020 to 100.980MΩ

Fi

gure 1-

3

Resistance verifi cation connections

V

LOCAL

67

DIGITS SPEED

MEAS

I

Ω

1

REL

FILTER

STORE

EDIT

DISPLAY

TOGGLE

POWER

FCTN

230

LIMIT

89

RECALL

CONFIG MENU

Model 2400

Performance Verification 1-15

4-WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

250V
PEAK

2400 SourceMeter

SOURCE

I

V

4

5

TRIG

SWEEP

+/-

EXIT ENTER

RANGE

EDIT

AUTO

ON/OFF

RANGE

OUTPUT

250V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

LO

250V

PEAK

TERMINALS

FRONT/

REAR

Output HI

Sense HI

Resistance Calibrator

Output LO

Sense LO

1-16 Performance Verification

2

Calibration

2-2 Calibration

Introduction

Use the procedures in this section to calibrate the Model 2400. These procedures require
accurate test equipment to measure precise DC voltages and currents. Calibration can be
performed either from the front panel or by sending SCPI calibration commands over the
IEEE-488 bus or RS-232 port with the aid of a computer.

WARNING The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel

only. Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.
Some of these procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages.

Environmental conditions

T emperature and relative humidity

Conduct the calibration procedures at an ambient temperature of 18-28°C (65-82°F) with
relative humidity of less than 70% unless otherwise noted.

W arm-up period

Allow the Model 2400 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.
If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (those outside the ranges stated

above), allow additional time for the instrument’s internal temperature to stabilize. Typically,
allow one extra hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature
range.

Also, allow the test equipment to warm up for the minimum time specified by the
manufacturer.

Line power

The Model 2400 requires a line voltage of 88 to 264V at line frequency of 50 or 60Hz. The
instrument must be calibrated within this range.

Calibration 2-3

Calibration considerations

When performing the calibration procedures:

• Make sure that the test equipment is properly warmed up and connected to the
Model 2400 front panel INPUT/ OUTPUT jacks. Also be certain that the front panel
jacks are selected with the TERMINALS switch.

• Always allow the source signal to settle before calibrating each point.

• Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2400 through a scanner or other switching
equipment.

• If an error occurs during calibration, the Model 2400 will generate an appropriate error
message. See Appendix B for more information.

WARNING The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between LO and chassis

ground) is 250V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in
insulation, creating a shock hazard.

CAUTION The maximum voltage between INPUT/OUTPUT HI and LO or 4-WIRE

Calibration cycle

Perform calibration at least once a year to ensure the unit meets or exceeds its specifications.

SENSE HI and LO is 250V peak. The maximum voltage between INPUT/
OUTPUT HI and 4-WIRE SENSE HI or between INPUT/OUTPUT LO
and 4-WIRE SENSE LO is 5V. Exceeding these voltage values may result
in instrument damage.

2-4 Calibration

Recommended calibration equipment

Table 2-1 lists the recommended equipment for the calibration procedures. You can use
alternate equipment as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed
in the table. When possible, test equipment specifications should be at least four times better
than corresponding Model 2400 specifications.

Table 2-1

Recommended calibration equipment

Description Manufacturer/Model Accuracy*

Digital Multimeter Hewlett Packard

*90-day specifications show accuracy at specified measurement point.

Unlocking calibration

Before performing calibration, you must first unlock calibration by entering or sending the
calibration password as follows:

Front panel calibration password

1. Press the MENU key , then choose CAL, and press ENTER. The instrument will display
the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES

SAVE LOCK CHANGE-PASSWORD



2. Select UNLOCK, and then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

PASSWORD:

Use



,



,



3. Use the up and down RANGE keys to select the letter or number, and use the left and
right arrow keys to choose the position. (Press down RANGE for letters; up RANGE
for numbers.) Enter the current password on the display. (Front panel default: 002400.)

HP3458A

,



, ENTER, or EXIT.

DC voltage 200mV:

2V
20V:
200V:

DC current 1µA:

10µA:
100µA:
1mA:
10mA:
100mA:
1A:



±15ppm
±6ppm
±9ppm
±7ppm
±55ppm
±25ppm
±23ppm
±20ppm
±20ppm
±35ppm
±110ppm

Calibration 2-5

4. Once the correct password is displayed, press the ENTER key. If the password was cor­rectly entered, the following message will be displayed.

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Calibration can now be executed

5. Press EXIT to return to normal display. Calibration will be unlocked and assume the
states summarized in Table 2-2. Attempts to change any of the settings listed below
with calibration unlocked will result in an error +510, “Not permitted with cal un­locked.”

NOTE With calibration unlocked, the sense function and range track the source function

and range. That is, when :SOUR:FUNC is set to VOLT, the :SENS:FUNC setting
will be ‘VOLT:DC’. When :SOUR:FUNC is set to CURR, the :SENS:FUNC setting
will be ‘CURR:DC’. A similar command coupling exists for :SOUR:VOLT:RANG/
:SENS:VOLT:RANG and SOUR:CURR:RANG/:SENS:CURR:RANG.

Table 2-2

Calibration unlocked states

Mode State Equivalent remote command

Concurrent Functions
Sense Function
Sense Volts NPLC
Sense Volts Range
Sense Current NPLC
Sense Current Range
Filter Count
Filter Control
Filter A veraging
Source V Mode
Volts Autorange
Source I Mode
Current Autorange
Autozero
Trigger Arm Count
Trigger Arm Source
Trigger Count
Trigger Source

OFF
Source

1.0
Source V

1.0
Source I
10
REPEAT
ON
FIXED
OFF:SOUR
FIXED
OFF
ON
1
Immediate
1
Immediate

:SENS:FUNC:CONC OFF
:SENS:FUNC <source_function>
:SENS:VOLT:NPLC 1.0
:SENS:VOLT:RANG <source_V_range>
:SENS:CURR:NPLC 1.0
:SENS:CURR:RANG <source_I_range>
:SENS:AVER:COUN 10
:SENS:AVER:TCON REPeat
:SENS:AVER:STAT ON
:SOUR:VOLT:MODE FIXED
:VOLT:RANGE:AUTO OFF
:SOUR:CURR:MODE FIXED
:SOUR:CURR:RANGE:AUTO OFF
:SYST:AZERO ON
:ARM:COUNT 1
:ARM:SOUR IMMediate
:TRIG:COUNT 1
:TRIG:SOUR IMMediate

Remote calibration password

To unlock calibration via remote, send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:CODE '<password>'

For example, the following command uses the default password:

:CAL:PROT:CODE 'KI002400'

2-6 Calibration

Changing the password

The default password may be changed from the front panel or via remote as discussed in the
following paragraphs.

Front panel password

Follow the steps below to change the password from the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key , then choose CAL, and press ENTER. The instrument will display
the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES



SAVE LOCK CHANGE-PASSWORD

2. Select CHANGE-PASSWORD, and then press ENTER. The instrument will display
the following:

NEW PWD: 002400

Use



,



,



,



, ENTER, or EXIT.

3. Using the range keys, and the left and right arrow keys, enter the new password on the
display.

4. Once the desired password is displayed, press the ENTER key to store the new
password.



Remote password

To change the calibration password via remote, first send the present password, and then send
the new password. For example, the following command sequence changes the password from
the 'KI002400' remote default to 'KI_CAL':

:CAL:PROT:CODE 'KI002400'
:CAL:PROT:CODE 'KI_CAL'

You can use any combination of letters and numbers up to a maximum of eight characters.

NOTE If you change the first two char acters of the password to something other than “KI”,

you will not be able to unlock calibration from the front panel.

Resetting the calibration password

If you lose the calibration password, you can unlock calibration by shorting together the CAL
pads, which are located on the display board. Doing so will also reset the password to the
factory default (KI002400).

See Section 5 for details on disassembling the unit to access the CAL pads. Refer to the
display board component layout drawing at the end of Section 6 for the location of the CAL
pads.

Viewing calibration dates and calibration count

When calibration is locked, only the UNLOCK and VIEW-DATES selections will be
accessible in the calibration menu. To view calibration dates and calibration count at any time:

1. From normal display, press MENU, select CAL, and then press ENTER. The unit will
display the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES

2. Select VIEW-DATES, and then press ENTER. The Model 2400 will display the next
and last calibration dates and the calibration count as in the following example:

NEXT CAL: 12/15/96

Last calibration: 12/15/95 Count: 00001



Calibration errors

Calibration 2-7

The Model 2400 checks for errors after each calibration step, minimizing the possibility that
improper calibration may occur due to operator error.

Front panel error reporting

If an error is detected during comprehensive calibration, the instrument will display an
appropriate error message (see Appendix B). The unit will then prompt you to repeat the
calibration step that caused the error.

Remote error reporting

You can detect errors while in remote by testing the state of EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) in
the status byte. (Use the *STB? query to request the status byte.) Query the instrument for the
type of error by using the appropriate :SYST:ERR? query. The Model 2400 will respond with
the error number and a text message describing the nature of the error. See Appendix B for
details.

2-8 Calibration

Front panel calibration

The front panel calibration procedure described in the following paragraphs calibrates all
ranges of both the current and voltage source and measure functions. Note that each function is
separately calibrated by repeating the entire procedure for each range.

Step 1. Prepare the Model 2400 for calibration

1. Turn on the Model 2400 and the digital multimeter, and allow them to warm up for at
least one hour before performing calibration.

2. Press the MENU key, then choose CAL, and press ENTER. Select UNLOCK, and then
press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

PASSWORD:

Use



,



,



,



, ENTER, or EXIT.

3. Use the up and down keys to select the letter or number, and use the left and right arrow
keys to choose the position. Enter the present password on the display. (Front panel
default: 002400.) Press ENTER to complete the process.

4. Press EXIT to return to normal display. Instrument operating states will be set as sum­marized in Table 2-2.

Step 2. V oltage calibration

Perform the steps below for each voltage range, using Table 2-3 as a guide.

1. Connect the Model 2400 to the digital multimeter, as shown in Figure 2-1. Select the
multimeter DC volts measurement function.

NOTE The 2-wire connections shown assume that remote sensing is not used. Remote sens-

ing may be used, if desired, but it is not essential when using recommended digital
multimeter.

2. From normal display, press the SOURCE V key.

3. Press the EDIT key to select the source field (cursor flashing in source display field),
and then use the down RANGE key to select the 200mV source range.

4. From normal display, press MENU.

5. Select CAL, and then press ENTER. The unit will display the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES

SAVE LOCK CHANGE-PASSWORD



6. Select EXECUTE, and then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following
message:

V-CAL

Press ENTER to Output +200.00mV

7. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source +200mV and simultaneously display the
following:

DMM RDG: +200.0000mV
Use



,



,



,



, ENTER, or EXIT.



Fi

gure 2-

1

Voltage calibration connections

EDIT

V

DISPLAY

TOGGLE

POWER

REL

LOCAL

67

DIGITS SPEED

1

Calibration 2-9

4-WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

250V

PEAK

MEAS

FCTN

I

Ω

V

230

4

5

TRIG

LIMIT

RECALL

SWEEP

+/-

CONFIG MENU

FILTER

89

STORE

SOURCE

I

EDIT

EXIT ENTER

2400 SourceMeter

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

ON/OFF

OUTPUT

250V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

LO

250V

PEAK

TERMINALS

FRONT/

REAR

Model 2400

Input HI

Input LO

Digital Multimeter

8. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the Model 2400 display to agree
exactly with the actual DMM reading. (Use the up and down arrow keys to select the
digit value, and use the left and right arrow k e ys to choose the digit position.) Note that
the display adjustment range is within ±10% of the present range.

9. After adjusting the display to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER. The instru­ment will then display the following:

V-CAL
Press ENTER to Output +000.00mV

10. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source 0mV and at the same time display the
following:

DMM RDG: +000.0000mV

Use



,



,



,



, ENTER, or EXIT.

11. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the Model 2400 display to agree
with the actual DMM reading. Note that the display value adjustment limits are within
±1% of the present range.

12. After adjusting the display value to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER. The
unit will then display the following:

V-CAL

Press ENTER to Output -200.00mV

2-10 Calibration

13. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source -200mV and display the following:

DMM RDG: -200.0000mV

Use



,



,



,



, ENTER, or EXIT.

14. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the Model 2400 display to agree
with the DMM reading. Ag ain, the maximum display adjustment is within ±10% of the
present range.

15. After adjusting the display value to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER, and
note that the instrument displays:

V-CAL

Press ENTER to Output -000.00mv

16. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source -0mV and simultaneously display the
following:

DMM RDG: -000.0000mV

Use



,



,



,



, ENTER, or EXIT.

17. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the display to agree with the DMM
reading. Once again, the maximum adjustment is within ±1% of the present range.

18. After adjusting the display to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER to complete
calibration of the present range.

19. Press EXIT to return to normal display, and then select the 2V source range. Repeat
steps 2 through 18 for the 2V range.

20. After calibrating the 2V range, repeat the entire procedure for the 20V and 200V ranges
using T able 2-3 as a guide. Be sure to select the appropriate source range with the EDIT
and RANGE keys before calibrating each range.

21. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

Table 2-3

Front panel voltage calibration

Source range* Source voltage Multimeter voltage reading**

0.2V

+200.00mV
+000.00mV

-200.00mV

-000.00mV

___________mV
___________mV
___________mV
___________mV

Calibration 2-11

2V

+2.0000V
+0.0000V

-2.0000V

-0.0000V

20V

+20.000V
+00.000V

-20.000V

-00.000V

200V

+200.00V
+000.00V

-200.00V

-000.00V

**Use EDIT and RANGE keys to select source range.

**Multimeter reading used in corresponding calibration step. See procedure.

____________Vm
____________Vm
____________Vm
____________Vm

____________Vm
____________Vm
____________Vm
____________Vm

____________Vm
____________Vm
____________Vm
____________Vm

2-12 Calibration

Fi

2

Step 3. Current calibration

Perform the following steps for each current range using Table 2-4 as a guide.

1. Connect the Model 2400 to the digital multimeter as shown in Figure 2-2. Select the
multimeter DC current measurement function.

2. From normal display, press the SOURCE I key.

3. Press the EDIT key to select the source display field, and then use the down RANGE
key to select the 1µA source range.

4. From normal display, press MENU.

5. Select CAL, and then press ENTER. The unit will display the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES 
 SAVE LOCK CHANGE-PASSWORD

6. Select EXECUTE, and then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following
message:

I-CAL

Press ENTER to Output +1.0000µA

gure 2-

Current calibration connections

4-WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

250V
PEAK

V

LOCAL

67

DIGITS SPEED

MEAS

FCTN

I

Ω

230

LIMIT

89

RECALL

V

4

TRIG

SWEEP

+/-

CONFIG MENU

5

1

REL

FILTER

STORE

Model 2400

EDIT

DISPLAY

TOGGLE

POWER

SOURCE

I

EDIT

EXIT ENTER

2400 SourceMeter

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

ON/OFF

OUTPUT

250V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

LO

250V
PEAK

TERMINALS

FRONT/

REAR

Input LO

Amps

Digital Multimeter

Calibration 2-13

7. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source +1µA and simultaneously display the
following:

DMM RDG: +1.000000µA

Use , , , , ENTER, or EXIT.

8. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the Model 2400 display to agree
exactly with the actual DMM reading. (Use the up and down arrow keys to select the
digit value; use the left and right arrow keys to choose the digit position.) Note that the
display adjustment range is within ±10% of the present range.

9. After adjusting the display to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER. The instru­ment will then display the following:

I-CAL

Press ENTER to Output +0.0000µA

10. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source 0µA and at the same time display the
following:

DMM RDG: +0.000000µA

Use , , , , ENTER, or EXIT.

11. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the Model 2400 display to agree
with the actual DMM reading. Note that the display value adjustment limits are within
±1% of the present range.

12. After adjusting the display value to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER. The
unit will then display the following:

I-CAL

Press ENTER to Output -1.0000µA

13. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source -1µA and display the following:

DMM RDG: -1.000000µA

Use , , , , ENTER, or EXIT.

14. Note and record the DMM reading, then adjust the Model 2400 display to agree with
the DMM reading. Again, the maximum display adjustment is within ±10% of the
present range.

15. After adjusting the display value to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER. and
note that the instrument displays:

I-CAL

Press ENTER to Output -0.0000µA

16. Press ENTER. The Model 2400 will source -0µA and simultaneously display the
following:

DMM RDG: -0.000000µA

Use , , , , ENTER, or EXIT.

17. Note and record the DMM reading, and then adjust the display to agree with the DMM
reading. Once again, the maximum adjustment is within ±1% of the present range.

18. After adjusting the display to agree with the DMM reading, press ENTER to complete
calibration of the present range.

19. Press EXIT to return to normal display, then select the 10µA source range using the
EDIT and up RANGE keys. Repeat steps 2 through 18 for the 10µA range.

2-14 Calibration

20. After calibrating the 10µA range, repeat the entire procedure for the 100µA through 1A
ranges using Table 2-4 as a guide. Be sure to select the appropriate source range with
the EDIT and up RANGE keys before calibrating each range.

Table 2-4

Front panel current calibration

Source range* Source current Multimeter current reading**

001µA

010µA

100µA

001mA

010mA

100mA

+1.0000µA
+0.0000µA

-1.0000µA

-0.0000µA

+10.000µA
+00.000µA

-10.000µA

-00.000µA

+100.00µA
+000.00µA

-100.00µA

-000.00µA

+1.0000mA
+0.0000mA

-1.0000mA

-0.0000mA

+10.000mA
+00.000mA

-10.000mA

-00.000mA

+100.00mA
+000.00mA

-100.00mA

-000.00mA

____________µA
____________µA
____________µA
____________µA

____________µA
____________µA
____________µA
____________µA

____________µA
____________µA
____________µA
____________µA

____________mA
____________mA
____________mA
____________mA

____________mA
____________mA
____________mA
____________mA

____________mA
____________mA
____________mA
____________mA

01A0

+1.0000A
+0.0000A

-1.0000A

-0.0000A

**Use EDIT and RANGE keys to select source range.

**Multimeter reading used in corresponding calibration step. See procedure.

_____________A
_____________A
_____________A
_____________A

Calibration 2-15

Step 4. Enter calibration dates and save calibration

NOTE For temporary calibration without saving new calibration constants, proceed to

Step 5: Lock out calibration.

1. From normal display, press MENU.

2. Select CAL, and then press ENTER. The Model 2400 will display the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES 



SAVE LOCK CHANGE-PASSWORD

3. Select SAVE, and then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

SAVE CAL

Press ENTER to continue; EXIT to abort calibration sequence.

4. Press ENTER. The unit will prompt you for the calibration date:

CAL DATE: 12/15/95

Use , , , , ENTER, or EXIT.

5. Change the displayed date to today’s date, and then press the ENTER key. Press
ENTER again to confirm the date.

6. The unit will then prompt for the calibration due date:

NEXT CAL: 12/15/96

Use , , , , ENTER, or EXIT.

7. Set the calibration due date to the desired value, and then press ENTER. Press ENTER
again to confirm the date.

8. Once the calibration dates are entered, calibration is complete. The following message
will be displayed.

CALIBRATION COMPLETE

Press ENTER to confirm; EXIT to abort

9. Press ENTER to save the calibration data (or press EXIT to abort without saving cali­bration data). The following message will be displayed:

CALIBRATION SUCCESS

Press ENTER or EXIT to continue.

10. Press ENTER or EXIT to complete process.

Step 5. Lock out calibration

1. From normal display, press MENU.

2. Select CAL, and then press ENTER. The Model 2400 will display the following:

CALIBRATION

UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW-DATES 

SAVE LOCK CHANGE-PASSWORD



3. Select LOCK, and then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

CALIBRATION LOCKED.

Press ENTER or EXIT to continue

4. Press ENTER or EXIT to return to normal display.

2-16 Calibration

Remote calibration

Use the following procedure to perform remote calibration by sending SCPI commands over
the IEEE-488 bus or RS-232 port. The remote commands and appropriate parameters are
separately summarized for each step.

Remote calibration commands

Table 2-5 summarizes remote calibration commands, while Table 2-6 and Table 2-7 list
command parameter limits. Note that each sense range requires three parameters: zero,
negative full scale, and positive full scale. Similarly, each source range requires four
parameters: two zero parameters, a positive full-scale parameter, and a negative full-scale
parameter.

For a more complete description of these commands, refer to Appendix B.

Table 2-5

Remote calibration command summary

Command Description

:CALibration

:PROTected

:CODE '<password>'

:COUNT?
:SAVE
:LOCK
:LOCK?
:DATE <y>,<m>,<d>
:DATE?
:NDUE <y>,<m>,<d>
:NDUE?
:SENSe<nrf>

:DATA?

:SOURce<nrf>

DA T A?

*Calibration data will not be saved if:

1. Calibration was not unlocked with :CODE command.

2. Invalid data exists. (For example, cal step failed or was aborted.)

3. Incomplete number of cal steps were performed. (For example, omitting a negative full-scale step.)

Calibration subsystem.
Cal commands protected by password.
Unlock cal: changes password if cal is already unlocked.
(Default password: KI002400.)
Query number of times 2400 has been calibrated.
Save calibration data to EEPROM.*
Lock calibration, inhibit SAVE command operation.
Request cal lock status.
Program calibration year, month, day.
Query calibration year, month, day.
Program calibration due year, month, day.
Query calibration due year, month, day.
Calibrate active measure range. (See Table 2-6 parameters.)
Query measurement cal constants for active range.
Calibrate active source range. (See Table 2-7 parameters.)
Query source cal constants for active range.

Table 2-6

:CALibration:PROT ected:SENSe parameter ranges

Calibration 2-17

First parameter

Sense range

0.2V
2V

20V

200V

1µA

10µA

100µA

1mA

10mA

100mA

1A

NOTE: Parameter steps for each range may be performed in any order, but all three parameter steps for each

range must be completed.

(zero)

-0.002 to +0.002

-0.02 to +0.02

-0.2 to +0.2

-2 to +2

-1E-8 to +1E-8

-1E-7 to +1E-7

-1E-6 to +1E-6

-1E-5 to +1E-5

-1E-4 to +1E-4

-1E-3 to +1E-3

-1E-2 to +1E-2

Table 2-7

:CALibration:PROT ected:SOURce parameter ranges

Source range

0.2V
2V

20V

200V

First parameter

(negative full scale)

-0.18 to -0.22

-1.8 to -2.2

-18 to -22

-180 to -220

Second parameter

(negative zero)

-0.002 to +0.002

-0.02 to +0.02

-0.2 to +0.2

-2 to +2

Second parameter

(negative full scale)

-0.18 to -0.22

-1.8 to -2.2

-18 to -22

-180 to -220

-0.9E-6 to -1.1E-6

-9E-6 to -11E-6

-90E-6 to -110E-6

-0.9E-3 to -1.1E-3

-9E-3 to -11E-3

-90E-3 to -110E-3

-0.9 to -1.1

Third parameter

(positive full scale)

+0.18 to +0.22
+1.8 to +2.2
+18 to +22
+180 to +220

Third parameter

(positive full scale)

+0.18 to +0.22
+1.8 to +2.2
+18 to +22
+180 to +220

+0.9E-6 to +1.1E-6
+9E-6 to +11E-6
+90E-6 to +110E-6
+0.9E-3 to +1.1E-3
+9E-3 to +11E-3
+90E-3 to +110E-3
+0.9 to +1.1

Fourth parameter

(positive zero)

-0.002 to +0.002

-0.02 to +0.02

-0.2 to +0.2

-2 to +2

1µA

10µA

100µA

1mA

10mA

100mA

1A

NOTE: Parameter steps for each range may be performed in any order, but all four parameter steps for each range must be

completed.

-0.9E-6 to -1.1E-6

-9E-6 to -11E-6

-90E-6 to -110E-6

-0.9E-3 to -1.1E-3

-9E-3 to -11E-3

-90E-3 to -110E-3

-0.9 to -1.1

-1E-8 to +1E-8

-1E-7 to +1E-7

-1E-6 to +1E-6

-1E-5 to +1E-5

-1E-4 to +1E-4

-1E-3 to +1E-3

-1E-2 to +1E-2

+0.9E-6 to +1.1E-6
+9E-6 to +11E-6
+90E-6 to +110E-6
+0.9E-3 to +1.1E-3
+9E-3 to +11E-3
+90E-3 to +110E-3
+0.9 to +1.1

-1E-8 to +1E-8

-1E-7 to +1E-7

-1E-6 to +1E-6

-1E-5 to +1E-5

-1E-4 to +1E-4

-1E-3 to +1E-3

-1E-2 to +1E-2

2-18 Calibration

Remote calibration procedure

Step 1. Prepare the Model 2400 for calibration

1. Connect the Model 2400 to the controller IEEE-488 interface or RS-232 port using a
shielded interface cable.

2. Turn on the Model 2400 and the test equipment, and allow them to warm up for at least
one hour before performing calibration.

3. If you are using the IEEE-488 interface, make sure the primary address of the
Model 2400 is the same as the address specified in the program you will be using to
send commands. (Use the MENU key and the COMMUNICATION menu to access the
IEEE-488 address.)

Step 2. V oltage Calibration

1. Connect the Model 2400 to the digital multimeter (see Figure 2-1), and select the multi­meter DC volts function.

2. Send the commands summarized in Table 2-8 in the order listed to initialize voltage cal­ibration. (When the :CAL:PROT:CODE command is sent, the instrument will assume
the operating states listed in Table 2-2.)

Table 2-8

Voltage calibration initialization commands

Command Description

*RST
:SOUR:FUNC VOLT
:SENS:CURR:PROT 0.1
:SENS:CURR:RANG 0.1
:SOUR:VOLT:PROT:LEV MAX
:SYST:RSEN OFF
:CAL:PROT:CODE ‘KI002400’
:OUTP:STAT ON

*Remote sensing may be used if desired, but is not essential when using recommended digital multimeter.

3. Perform the range calibration steps listed in Table 2-9 for each range. For each range:

• Send the :SOUR:VOLT:RANG command to select the source and sense range
being calibrated. For example, for the 2V range, the follo wing command w ould be
sent:

:SOUR:VOLT:RANG 2

• Program the source to output the negativ e full-range v alue using the :SOUR:V OLT
command. For example:

:SOUR:VOLT -2

• Note and record the multimeter reading.

Restore GPIB defaults.
Activate voltage source.
Current limit when voltage source is active.
Make sure 1A range is not active.
Maximum allowable source voltage.
Disable remote sensing.*
Unlock cal.
Turn source on.

Table 2-9

Voltage range calibration commands

Step Command/procedure* Description

Calibration 2-19

:SOUR:VOLT:RANGE <Range>

1

:SOUR:VOLT -<Range>

2

Take DMM reading.

3

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

4

Check 2400 for errors.

5

:CAL:PROT:SENS <DMM_Reading>

6

Check 2400 for errors.

7

:SOUR:VOLT 0.0

8

Take DMM reading.

9

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

10

Check 2400 for errors.

11

:CAL:PROT:SENS <DMM_Reading>

12

Check 2400 for errors.

13

:SOUR:VOLT +<Range>

14

Take DMM reading.

15

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

16

Check 2400 for errors.

17

:CAL:PROT:SENS <DMM_Reading>

18

Check 2400 for errors.

19

:SOUR:VOLT 0.0

20

Take DMM reading.

21

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

22

*1. Perform complete procedure for each range, where <Range> = 0.2, 2, 20, and 200.

*2. <DMM_Reading> parameter is multimeter reading from previous step.
*3. Use :SYST:ERR? query to check for errors.

Select source range.
Establish negative polarity.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate source function negative full scale.

Calibrate sense function negative full scale.

Set output to 0V.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate sense function negative zero.

Calibrate source function negative zero.

Establish positive polarity.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate sense function positive full scale.

Calibrate source function positive full scale.

Set output to 0V.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate source positive zero.

• Use the multimeter reading as the parameter for the :CAL:PROT:SOUR and
:CAL:PROT:SENS commands. For example, a typical value for the 2V range
would be:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR -1.998
:CAL:PROT:SENS -1.998

• Program the voltage source for 0V output using the :SOUR:VOLT 0.0 command.

• Note the multimeter reading.

• Send the source and sense calibration commands using the multimeter reading for
the parameter. For example:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR 1E-3
:CAL:PROT:SENS 1E-3

• Set the source to the positive full-range value using the :SOUR:VOLT command.
For example:

:SOUR:VOLT 2

• Note and record the multimeter reading.

2-20 Calibration

• Send the source and sense commands using the multimeter reading as the
parameter. For example:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR 1.997
:CAL:PROT:SENS 1.997

• Send the :SOUR:VOLT 0.0 command to set the source voltage to 0V.

• Note and record the multimeter reading.

• Send the :CAL:PROT:SOUR command using the multimeter reading as the com­mand parameter. For example:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR -1.02E-3

Step 3. Current Calibration

1. Connect the Model 2400 to the digital multimeter (see Figure 2-2), and select the multi­meter DC current function.

2. Send the commands summarized in Table 2-10 in the order listed to initialize current
calibration.

Table 2-10

Current calibration initialization commands

Command Description

:SOUR:FUNC CURR
:SENS:VOLT:PROT 20
:SENS:VOLT:RANG 20
:OUTP:STAT ON

3. Calibrate each current range using the procedure summarized in Table 2-11. For each
range:

• Send the :SOUR:CURR:RANG command to select the source and sense range
being calibrated. For example, for the 1mA range, the command is:

:SOUR:CURR:RANG 1E-3

• Program the source to output the negative full-range value using the
:SOUR:CURR command. For example:

:SOUR:CURR -1E-3

• Note and record the multimeter reading.

• Use the multimeter reading as the parameter for the :CAL:PROT:SOUR and
:CAL:PROT:SENS commands. For example, a typical value for the 1mA range
would be:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR -1.025E-3
:CAL:PROT:SENS -1.025E-3

• Program the current source for 0A output using the :SOUR:CURR 0.0 command.

• Note the multimeter reading.

Select source current mode.
Voltage limit when current source is active.
Make sure 200V range is not active.
Turn source on.

Table 2-11

Current range calibration commands

Step Command/procedure* Description

Calibration 2-21

:SOUR:CURR:RANGE <Range>

1

:SOUR:CURR -<Range>

2

Take DMM reading.

3

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

4

Check 2400 for errors.

5

:CAL:PROT:SENS <DMM_Reading>

6

Check 2400 for errors.

7

:SOUR:CURR 0.0

8

Take DMM reading.

9

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

10

Check 2400 for errors.

11

:CAL:PROT:SENS <DMM_Reading>

12

Check 2400 for errors.

13

:SOUR:CURR +<Range>

14

Take DMM reading.

15

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

16

Check 2400 for errors.

17

:CAL:PROT:SENS <DMM_Reading>

18

Check 2400 for errors.

19

:SOUR:CURR 0.0

20

Take DMM reading.

21

:CAL:PROT:SOUR <DMM_Reading>

22

*1. Perform complete procedure for each range, where <Range> = 1E6, 10E6, 100E6, 1E3, 10E3, 100E3, or 1.

*2. <DMM_Reading> parameter is multimeter reading from previous step.
*3. Use :SYST:ERR? query to check for errors.

Select source range.
Establish negative polarity.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate sense function negative full scale.

Calibrate source function negative full scale.

Set output to 0A.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate sense function negative zero.

Calibrate source function negative zero.

Establish positive polarity.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate sense function positive full scale.

Calibrate source function positive full scale.

Set output to 0A.
Read actual output value.
Calibrate source positive zero.

• Send the source and sense calibration commands using the multimeter reading for
the parameter. For example:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR 1E-6
:CAL:PROT:SENS 1E-6

• Set the source to the positive full-range value using the :SOUR:CURR command.
For example, for the 1mA range:

:SOUR:CURR 1E3

• Note and record the multimeter reading.

• Send the source and sense commands using the multimeter reading as the
parameter. For example:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR 1.03E-3
:CAL:PROT:SENS 1.03E-3

• Send the :SOUR:CURR 0.0 command to set the source current to 0A.

2-22 Calibration

• Note and record the multimeter reading.

• Send the :CAL:PROT:SOUR command using the multimeter reading as the com­mand parameter. For example:

:CAL:PROT:SOUR -1.02E-3

Step 4. Program calibration dates

Use the following commands to set the calibration date and calibration due date:

:CAL:PROT:DATE <year>, <month>, <day> (Calibration date)
:CAL:PROT:NDUE <year>, <month>, <day> (Next calibration due date)

Note that the year, month, and day must be separated by commas. The allowable range for the
year is from 1995 to 2094, the month is from 1 to 12, and the day is from 1 to 31.

Step 5. Save calibration constants

Calibration is now complete, so you can store the calibration constants in EEROM by sending
the following command:

:CAL:PROT:SAVE

NOTE Calibration will be temporary unless you send the SAVE command. Also, calibration

data will not be saved if (1) calibration is locked, (2) invalid data exists, or (3) all
steps were not completed.

Step 6. Lock out calibration

To lock out further calibration, send the following command after completing the calibration
procedure:

:CAL:PROT:LOCK

Single-range calibration

Normally, the complete calibration procedure should be performed to ensure that the entire
instrument is properly calibrated. In some instances, however, you may want to calibrate only
certain ranges. To do so, simply complete the entire procedure only for the range(s) to be
calibrated. Keep in mind, however, that you must complete all parameter steps for each source
or sense range. Also, be sure to set calibration dates and save calibration after calibrating the
desired range(s).

3

Routine Maintenance

3-2 Routine Maintenance

Introduction

The information in this section deals with routine type maintenance that can be performed by
the operator.

Line fuse replacement

WARNING Disconnect the line cord at the rear panel, and remove all test leads con-

nected to the instrument (front and rear) before replacing the line fuse.

The power line fuse is accessible from the rear panel, just above the AC power receptacle (see
Figure 3-1).

Perform the following steps to replace the line fuse:

1. Carefully grasp and squeeze together the locking tabs that secure the fuse carrier to the
fuse holder.

2. Pull out the fuse carrier, and replace the fuse with the type specified in Table 3-1.

CAUTION To prevent instrument damage, use only the fuse type specified in

Table 3-1.

3. Reinstall the fuse carrier.

NOTE If the power line fuse continues to blow, a circuit malfunction exists and must be

corrected. Refer to the troubleshooting section of this manual for additional
information.

Table 3-1

Power line fuse

Line voltage Rating Keithley part no.

88-264V 250V, 1A, slow blow 5 × 20mm FU-72

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

Fi

1

gure 3-

Rear panel

Routine Maintenance 3-3

HI

250V

PEAK

5V

PEAK

LO

4-WIRE
SENSE

IEEE-488

(ENTER IEEE ADDRESS

WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)

INPUT/

OUTPUT

250V

PEAK

5V

PK

250V
PEAK

5V

PEAK

V, Ω,

GUARD

GUARD
SENSE

RS232

MADE IN

U.S.A.

TRIGGER

LINK

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

2.5A, 250V

LINE RATING

85-264VAC

50, 60, HZ

70VA MAX

INTERLOCK-

DIGITAL I/O

Fuse

3-4 Routine Maintenance

4

Troubleshooting

4-2 Troubleshooting

Introduction

This section of the manual will assist you in troubleshooting and repairing the Model 2400.
Included are self-tests, test procedures, troubleshooting tables, and circuit descriptions. The
repair technician must select the appropriate tests and documentation needed to troubleshoot
the instrument. Note that disassembly instructions are located in Section 5, while component
layout drawings are at the end of Section 6.

WARNING The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel

only. Do not perform these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.
Some of these procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages that could
cause personal injury or death. Use caution when working with hazardous
voltages.

Repair considerations

Before making any repairs to the Model 2400, be sure to read the following considerations.

CAUTION The PC boards are built using surface mount techniques and require spe-

cialized equipment and skills for repair. If you are not equipped and/or
qualified, it is strongly recommended that you send the unit back to the
factory for repairs or limit repairs to the PC board replacement level.
Without proper equipment and training, you could damage a PC board
beyond repair.

• Repairs will require various degrees of disassembly. However, it is recommended that
the Front Panel Tests be performed prior to any disassembly. The disassembly instruc­tions for the Model 2400 are contained in Section 5 of this manual.

• Do not make repairs to surface mount PC boards unless equipped and qualified to do so
(see previous CAUTION).

• When working inside the unit and replacing parts, be sure to adhere to the handling pre­cautions and cleaning procedures explained in Section 5.

• Many CMOS devices are installed in the Model 2400. These static-sensitive devices
require special handling as explained in Section 5.

• Whenever a circuit board is removed or a component is replaced, the Model 2400 must
be recalibrated. See Section 2 for details on calibrating the unit.

Power-on self-test

During the power-on sequence, the Model 2400 will perform a checksum test on its ROM and
test its RAM. If the RAM tests fails, the instrument will lock up. If the ROM checksum test
fails, the firmware upgrade mode is automatically enabled. See Firmware upgrades at the end
of this section.

Troubleshooting 4-3

Front panel tests

There are three front panel tests: one to test the functionality of the front panel keys and tw o to
test the display. In the event of a test failure, refer to Display board checks for details on trou­bleshooting the display board.

KEYS test

The KEYS test allows you to check the functionality of each front panel key. Perform the fol­lowing steps to run the KEYS test.

1. Display the MAIN MENU by pressing the MENU key.

2. Select TEST, and press ENTER to display the SELF-TEST MENU.

3. Select DISPLAY-TESTS, and press ENTER to display the following menu:

FRONT PANEL TESTS

KEYS DISPLAY-PATTERNS CHAR-SET

4. Select KEYS, and press ENTER to start the test. When a ke y is pressed, the label name
for that key will be displayed to indicate that it is functioning properly. When the key is
released, the “No keys pressed” message is displayed.

5. Pressing EXIT tests the EXIT key. However, the second consecutive press of EXIT
aborts the test and returns the instrument to the SELF-TEST MENU. Continue pressing
EXIT to back out of the menu structure.

DISPLA Y P A TTERNS test

The display test allows you to verify that each pix el and annunciator in the vacuum fluorescent
display is working properly. Perform the following steps to run the display test:

1. Display the MAIN MENU by pressing the MENU key.

2. Select TEST, and press ENTER to display the SELF-TEST MENU.

3. Select DISPLAY-TESTS, and press ENTER to display the following menu:

FRONT PANEL TESTS

KEYS DISPLAY-PATTERNS CHAR-SET

4. Select DISPLAY-PA TTERNS, and press ENTER to start the display test. There are five
parts to the display test. Each time a front panel key (except EXIT) is pressed, the next
part of the test sequence is selected. The five parts of the test sequence are:

• Checkerboard pattern (alternate pixels on) and all annunciators.

• Checkerboard pattern and the annunciators that are on during normal operation.

• Horizontal lines (pixels) of the first digit are sequenced.

• Vertical lines (pixels) of the first digit are sequenced.

• Each digit (and adjacent annunciator) is sequenced. All the pixels of the selected
digit are on.

5. When finished, abort the display test by pressing EXIT. The instrument returns to the
SELF-TEST MENU. Continue pressing EXIT to back out of the menu structure.

4-4 Troubleshooting

CHAR SET test

The character set test lets you display all characters. Perform the following steps to run the
character set test:

1. Display the MAIN MENU by pressing the MENU key.

2. Select TEST, and press ENTER to display the SELF-TEST MENU.

3. Select DISPLAY-TESTS, and press ENTER to display the following menu:

4. Select CHAR-SET, and press ENTER to start the character set test. Press any key

5. When finished, abort the character set test by pressing EXIT. The instrument returns to

FRONT PANEL TESTS

KEYS DISPLAY-PATTERNS CHAR-SET

except EXIT to cycle through all displayable characters.

the SELF-TEST MENU. Continue pressing EXIT to back out of the menu structure.

Principles of operation

The following information is provided to support the troubleshooting tests and procedures cov­ered in this section of the manual. Refer to the following drawings:

Figure 4-1 — Analog circuitry overall block diagram
Figure 4-2 — Power supply block diagram
Figure 4-3 — Output stage simplified schematic
Figure 4-4 — Digital circuitry block diagram

Analog circuits

Figure 4-1 shows the overall block diagram for the Model 2400.
D/A converters control the programmed v oltage and current, or v oltage compliance and current

compliance. Each DAC has two ranges, a 10V output or a 1V output. The DAC outputs are fed
to the summing node, FB. Either the V DAC or the I DAC has the ability to control the main
loop. If the unit is set for SV (source voltage), it will source voltage until the compliance cur­rent is reached (as determined by the I DAC setting), and the current loop will override the v olt­age loop. If, however, the unit is set for SI (source current), it will source current until the
compliance voltage is reached (as determined by the V DAC setting), and the voltage loop will
override the current loop. A priority bit in the Vclamp/I clamp circuit controls these functions.

The error amplifier adds open-loop gain and slew-rate control to the system to assure accuracy
and provide a controllable signal for the output stage, which provides the necessary v oltage and
current gain to drive the output. Sense resistors in the HI output lead provide output current
sensing, and a separate sense resistor is used for each current range. The 1A range uses 0.2V
full-scale for a full-range 1A output, while all other ranges use 2V output for full-scale current.
Voltage feedback is routed either internally or externally.

Fi

1

There are four voltage ranges: 0.2V, 2V, 20V, and 200V. The feedback gain changes for only
the 20V and 200V ranges, resulting in three unique feedback gain values. A multiplexer directs
the voltage feedback, current feedback, reference, or ground signal to the A/D converter. An
opto-isolated interface provides control signals for both DACs, analog circuit control, and A/D
converter communication to the digital section.

gure 4-

Analog circuit block diagram

Troubleshooting 4-5

Output

Stage

Remote

+36

-220

+

-

Sense

Resistors

Protection

Protection

Output
HI

S+
Output

LO

O

S-

Guard
Out

Guard
Sense

-36

V DAC

I DAC

Control

FB

IFB

VFB

A/D MUX

V Clamp

I Clamp

VFB

IFB

+7

+220

Error
Amp

O

S

O

Fi

2

4-6 Troubleshooting

Power supply

Figure 4-2 shows a block diagram of the Model 2400 power delivery system.
The offline flyback switching power supply pro vides all power for the instrument while provid-

ing universal inputs for the 110/120V line. The digital board runs directly from the switcher,
including the +12VD supply. (See Digital circuitry.)

A constant-frequency switching supply runs off the +12VD supplies and generates all the fl oat­ing supply voltages for the analog board: +5VF, ±15VF, and ±30VF. An AC output (low volt­age) supplies the analog board with the power it uses to deri ve the output stage supply v oltages,
±36VO and ±220VO.

gure 4-

Power supply block diagram

Analog Board

+30V

+15V

F

F

F

F

-15V

-30V

F

Constant Frequency
Low Noise Floating
Switching Supply

F

AC1
AC2

Output Stage

-220 +220+36 +36+5V

High Voltage/

O

Power

Digital Circuits

+12Vd

+5Vd

D

Line
Neutral

D

Switching Power

Supply

+12Vd

Fi

3

Output stage

Figure 4-3 shows a simplified schematic of the output stage.
The Model 2400 output stage serves two purposes: (1) it converts signals from floating com-

mon to output common, and (2) it provides both voltage and current amplification. The output
stage drive transistors are biased in class B configuration to prevent the possibility of thermal
runaway with high-current output values. High-current taps for the ±20V outputs are provided
to reduce power dissipation on the 20V and lower ranges.

Output transistors Q518 and Q521 are cascoded with output MOSFETs Q516 and Q523. All
other MOSFETs and transistors are slaves, and the voltages across these devices are deter­mined by the resistor-capacitor ladder circuits shown. Coarse current limits are built into the
output stage.

Troubleshooting 4-7

gure 4-

225

Output stage
simplifi ed schematic

+17VF

+36

+15VF

Maindrive

300k

O

F

-15VF

-17VF

Q514
Q516
Q518

F

Q521
Q523
Q525

-36

-225

4-8 Troubleshooting

A/D converter

The SourceMeter unit uses a multi-slope charge balance A/D conv erter with a single-slope run­down. The converter is controlled by gate array U610. Commands are issued by the MPU on
the digital board through communications opto-isolators to U610, and U610 sends A/D reading
data back through opto-isolators to the digital board for calibration and processing.

Active guard

The Model 2400 has an active guard or “six-wire ohms” circuit used to measure complex
devices. This circuitry provides a lo w-current (50mA) equi v alent of the v oltage on output HI. If
the unit is in the SV mode, the low-current equivalent of the source voltage will appear on the
guard terminal. If the unit is in the SI mode, the voltage on output HI is equal to the source cur ­rent multiplied by the external resistance value. An equivalent voltage will be generated by the
guard circuit, and a guard sense terminal is provided to sense around the voltage drop in the
guard leads since significant current can flow (50mA).

Digital circuitry

Refer to Figure 4-4 for the following discussion on digital circuitry.
The core digital circuitry uses a Motorola 68332 microcontroller running at 16.78MHz. The

memory configuration includes two 256K
used in parallel to utilize the 16-bit data bus of the MPU. The RAM is battery backed-up, pro­viding continued storage of data buffer information during power-down cycles. All calibration
constants and system setups are stored in a separate serial EEPROM.

External communication is provided via GPIB and serial interfaces. A 9914 GPIA IEEE-488
standard interface IC is used for the GPIB, and a 68332 Queued Serial Module (QSM) provides
the serial UART. For internal communications, the Time Processing Unit (TPU) is used for
serial communications with the front panel display module, and both the TPU and QSM handle
digital-to-analog interfacing.

Display board

Display board components are shown in the digital circuitry block diagram in Figure 4-4.
U902 is the display microcontroller that controls the VFD (vacuum fluorescent display) and

interprets key data. The microcontroller has four peripheral I/O ports that are used for the vari­ous control and read functions.

Display data is serially transmitted to the microcontroller from the digital board via the TXB
line to the microcontroller PD0 terminal. In a similar manner, key data is serially sent back to
the digital board through the RXB line via PD1. The 4MHz clock for the microcontroller is
generated on the digital board.

× 8-bit EEPROMS and two 128K × 8-bit RAMs

Fi

gure 4-4

Digital board block diagram

Troubleshooting 4-9

A/D

Control/Data

Reset

2

E PROM

U17

A/D

Interface
U9, U25

Voltage Source

Control

ROM
U15,

U16

Microprocessor

U3

RAM
U12,

U14

16.78MHz

Serial

Interface

U4

GPIB

U6, U13

U20

Trigger

U23

Digital

To Display

Board Controller

I/O
U7

RS-232
Interface

IEEE-488
Interface

Trigger

Digital

I/O

DS901 is the VFD (v acuum fluorescent display) module, which can display up to 49 characters.
Each character is organized as a 5
segment to act as a cursor.

× 7 matrix of dots or pixels and includes a long under-bar

The display uses a common multiplexing scheme with each character refreshed in sequence.
U903 and U904 are the grid drivers, and U901 and U905 are the dot drivers. Note that dot
driver and grid driver data is serially transmitted from the microcontroller (PD3 and PC1).

The VFD requires both +60VDC and 5VAC for the filaments. These VFD voltages are supplied
by U625, which is located on the digital board.

The front panel keys (S901-S931) are organized into a row-column matrix to minimize the
number of microcontroller peripheral lines required to read the keyboard. A key is read by
strobing the columns and reading all rows for each strobed column. Key down data is inter­preted by the display microcontroller and sent back to the main microprocessor using propri­etary encoding schemes.

4-10 Troubleshooting

T roubleshooting

Troubleshooting information for the various circuits is summarized in the following
paragraphs.

Display board checks

If the front panel display tests indicate that there is a problem on the display board, use
Table 4-1. See “Principles of operation” for display circuit theory.

Table 4-1

Display board checks

Step Item/component Required condition Remarks

Front panel test

1

P1005, pin 5

2

P1005, pin 9

3

U902, pin 1

4

U902, pin 43

5

U902, pin 32

6

U902, pin 33

7

Verify that all segments operate.
+5V ±5%
+37V ±5%
Goes low briefly on power up, and then goes high.
4MHz square wave.
Pulse train every 1 ms.
Brief pulse train when front panel key is pressed.

Power supply checks

Power supply problems can be checked using Table 4-2. See “Principles of operation” for cir­cuit theory on the power supply. Note that the power supply circuits are located on the digital
board.

Table 4-2

Power supply checks

Step Item/component Required condition Remarks

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

U18, pin 2.

2

U8, pin 1.

Line fuse
Line power
TP5
TP6
TP7
TP8
TP9

Check continuity.
Plugged into live receptacle, power on.
+5V ±5%
+15V ±5%

-15V ±5%
~-35V
~+35V

Remove to check.
Check for correct power-up sequence.
+5VF, referenced to Common F3
+15VF, referenced to Common F2

-15VF, referenced to Common F2.

-30VF, referenced to Common F2.
+30VF, referenced to Common F2.

Use front panel display test.
Digital +5V supply.
Display +37V supply.
Microcontroller RESET.
Controller 4MHz clock.
Control from main processor.
Key down data sent to main
processor.

1

.

2

.

Digital circuitry checks

Digital circuit problems can be checked using Table 4-3. See “Principles of operation” for a
digital circuit description.

Table 4-3

Digital circuitry checks

Step Item/component Required condition Remarks

Troubleshooting 4-11

Power-on test

01

U3 pin 19

02

U3 pin 7

03

U3 pin 68

04

U3, lines A0-A19

05

U3, lines D0-D15

06

U3 pin 66

07

U4 pin 7

08

U4 pin 8

09

U13 pins 34-42

10

U13 pins 26-31

11

U13 pin 24

12

U13 pin 25

13

U3 pin 43

14

U3 pin 44

15

U3 pin 45

16

U3 pin 47

17

Analog circuitry checks

Table 4-4 summarizes analog circuitry checks.

Table 4-4

Analog circuitry checks

RAM OK, ROM OK.
Digital common.
+5V
Low on power-up, and then goes high.
Check for stuck bits.
Check for stuck bits.

16.78MHz.
Pulse train during RS-232 I/O.
Pulse train during RS-232 I/O.
Pulse train during IEEE-488 I/O.
Pulses during IEEE-488 I/O.
Low with remote enabled.
Low during interface clear.
Pulse train.
Pulse train.
Pulse train.
Pulse train

Verify that RAM and ROM are functional.
All signals referenced to digital common.
Digital logic supply.
MPU RESET line.
MPU address bus.
MPU data bus.
MPU clock.
RS-232 RX line.
RS-232 TX line.
IEEE-488 data bus.
IEEE-488 command lines.
IEEE-488 REN line.
IEEE-488 IFC line.
D_ADDATA
D_DATA
D_CLK
D_STB

Step Item/component Required condition (Bench defaults) Remarks

TP200

1

TP201

2

TP202

3

TP203

4

TP213

5

TP218

6*

TP219

7*

TP214

8*

TP232

9

*Measured with respect to OUTPUT COM (TP501)

>200V voltage protection
SOURCE +10V
SOURCE + 10V (SVMI)
SOURCE +10V
SOURCE +10V
OUTPUT COM
OUTPUT COM
SVMI, OUTPUT ON, 20V, on 20V RANGE
Bench defaults

-13 ±1V

-5V ±.5V

-10V ±1V

-10.5 ±1V
0V ±.1V
7V ±.7V
7V ±.7V
20V ±.5V

6.4V ±6V

4-12 Troubleshooting

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Battery replacement

WARNING Disconnect the instrument from the power line and all other equipment

before changing the battery.

The volatile memories of the Model 2400 are protected by a replaceable battery when po wer is
off. Typical life for the battery is approximately ten years. The battery should be suspected if
the instrument no longer retains buffer data or user-defined operating parameters, such as
instrument setups, source memory, and math expressions. If the battery is absent or totally
exhausted, the display will show the “Reading buffer data lost” message shortly after the
Model 2400 is switched on.

The battery is a 3V wafer-type lithium cell, Duracell type DL2450 or equivalent (Keithley part
number BA-44), which is located on the digital board. Replacement of the battery requires
removal of the case cover, analog shield, and analog board assembly. (See Section 5.)

WARNING There is a danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace

only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer.
Dispose of used batteries according to manufacturer’s instructions.

WARNING The precautions below must be followed to avoid personal injury.

Wear safety glasses or goggles when working with lithium batteries.
Do not short the battery terminals together.
Keep lithium batteries away from all liquids.
Do not attempt to recharge lithium batteries.
Observe proper polarity when inserting the battery in its holder.
Do not incinerate or otherwise expose the battery to excessive heat
(>60°C).
Bulk quantities of lithium batteries should be disposed of as a
hazardous waste.

To replace the battery , first locate its holder. Use a small, non-metallic tool to lift the battery so
that it can be slid out from under the retainer spring clip.

The new battery should be reinstalled with the “+” terminal facing up. Lift up on the retaining
clip and place the edge of the battery under the clip. Slide the battery full into the holder.

Re-assemble the instrument and turn it on. The “Reading buffer data lost” error message will
be displayed. Send the :syst:mem:init command to perform the following:

• Clear the reading buffer.

• Initialize instrument setups 1-4 to the present instrument settings.

• Initialize all 100 source memory locations to the present instrument settings.

• Delete user math expressions.

No comm link error

A “No Comm Link” error indicates that the front panel processor has ceased communication
with the main processor, which is located on the digital board. This error indicates that one of
the main processor ROMs may require re-seating in its socket. ROMs may be reseated as
follows:

1. Turn of f the po wer, and disconnect the line cord and all other test leads and cables from
the instrument.

2. Remove the case cover as outlined in Section 5.

3. Remove the analog shield and analog board assembly as outlined in Section 5.

4. Locate the two firmware ROMs, U15 and U16, located on the digital board. These are
the only ICs installed in sockets. (Refer to the component layout drawing at the end of
Section 6 for exact locations.)

5. Carefully push down on each ROM IC to make sure it is properly seated in its socket.

Troubleshooting 4-13

CAUTION Be careful not to push down excessively, or you might crack the digital

board.

6. Connect the line cord and turn on the power. If the problem persists, additional trouble­shooting will be required.

4-14 Troubleshooting

5

Disassembly

5-2 Disassembly

Introduction

This section explains how to handle, clean, and disassemble the Model 2400. Disassembly
drawings are located at the end of this section.

Handling and cleaning

To avoid contaminating PC board traces with body oil or other foreign matter, avoid touching
the PC board traces while you are repairing the instrument. Analog circuits have high­impedance devices or sensitive circuitry where contamination could cause degraded
performance.

Handling PC boards

Observe the following precautions when handling PC boards:

• Wear cotton gloves.

• Only handle PC boards by the edges and shields.

• Do not touch any board traces or components not associated with repair.

• Do not touch areas adjacent to electrical contacts.

• Use dry nitrogen gas to clean dust off PC boards.

Solder repairs

Observe the following precautions when you must solder a circuit board:

• Use an OA-based (organic activated) flux, and take care not to spread the flux to other
areas of the circuit board.

• Remove the flux from the work area when you have finished the repair by using pure
water with clean, foam-tipped swabs or a clean, soft brush.

• Once you have removed the flux, swab only the repair area with methanol, then blow­dry the board with dry nitrogen gas.

• After cleaning, allow the board to dry in a 50°C, lo w-humidity environment for several
hours.

Disassembly 5-3

Static sensitive devices

CMOS devices operate at very high impedance levels. Therefore, any static that builds up on
you or your clothing may be sufficient to destroy these de vices if the y are not handled properly.
Use the following precautions to avoid damaging them:

CAUTION Many CMOS devices are installed in the Model 2400. Handle all semicon-

ductor devices as being static sensitive.

• Transport and handle ICs only in containers specially designed to prevent static build­up. Typically, you will receive these parts in anti-static containers made of plastic or
foam. Keep these devices in their original containers until ready for installation.

• Remove the devices from their protective containers only at a properly grounded work
station. Ground yourself with a suitable wrist strap.

• Handle the devices only by the body; do not touch the pins.

• Ground any printed circuit board into which a semiconductor device is to be inserted to
the bench or table.

• Use only anti-static type desoldering tools.

• Use only grounded-tip solder irons.

• Once the device is installed in the PC board, it is normally adequately protected, and
you can handle the boards normally.

Assembly drawings

Use the assembly drawings located at the end of this section to assist you as you disassemble
and reassemble the Model 2400. Also, refer to these drawings for information about the Kei­thley part numbers of most mechanical parts in the unit.

• Front panel assembly — 2400-040

• Analog board/heat sink/shield assembly — 2400-050

• Chassis assembly — 2400-051

• Chassis/analog board assembly — 2400-052

• Final chassis assembly — 2400-053

1.

3.

5-4 Disassembly

Case cover removal

Follow the steps below to remove the case cover to gain access to internal parts.

WARNING Before removing the case cover, disconnect the line cord and any test leads

from the instrument.

Remove Handle — The handle serves as an adjustable tilt-bail. Adjust its position by

gently pulling it away from the sides of the instrument case and swinging it up or do wn.
To remove the handle, swing the handle below the bottom surface of the case and back
until the orientation arrows on the handles line up with the orientation arrows on the
mounting ears. With the arrows lined up, pull the ends of the handle away from the
case.

2.

Remove Mounting Ears — Remove the screw that secures each mounting ear. Pull

down and out on each mounting ear.

NOTE When reinstalling the mounting ears, be sure to mount the right ear to the right side

of the chassis and the left ear to the left side of the chassis. Each ear is marked
“RIGHT” or “LEFT” on its inside surface.

Remove Rear Bezel — To remove the rear bezel, loosen the tw o scre ws that secure the

rear bezel to the chassis, and then pull the bezel away from the case.

Removing Grounding Screws — Remove the two grounding screws that secure the

4.
case to the chassis. They are located on the bottom of the case at the back.

Remove Chassis — To remove the case, grasp the front bezel of the instrument, and

5.
carefully slide the chassis forward. Slide the chassis out of the metal case.

NOTE To gain access to the components under the analog board shield, remove the shield,

which is secured to the analog board by a single screw.

Analog board removal

Perform the following steps to remove the analog board. This procedure assumes that the case
cover is already removed.

1. Remove analog board shield.
Remove the screw that secures the shield to the analog board, then remove the shield.

2. Disconnect the front and rear input terminals.
You must disconnect these input terminal connections for both the front and rear inputs:

• INPUT/OUTPUT HI and LO

• 4-WIRE SENSE HI and LO

Ω , GUARD, and GUARD SENSE (rear panel only)

•V,

Disassembly 5-5

Remove all the connections by pulling the wires off the pin connectors. During
reassembly, use the following table to identify input terminals:

Front wire color Rear wire color

INPUT/OUTPUT HI
INPUT/OUTPUT LO
4-WIRE SENSE HI
4-WIRE SENSE LO
V,

Ω , GUARD

GUARD SENSE

3. Unplug cables.

• Carefully unplug the ribbon cables at J1001, J1002, and J1003.

• Unplug the ON/OFF cable at J1034.

4. Remove screws.

• Remove the two fastening screws that secure the analog board assembly to the
chassis. These screws are located on the side of the board opposite from the heat
sink.

• Remove the two screws that secure the heat sink to the chassis.

5. Remove analog board assembly.

• After all screws have been removed, carefully lift the analog board assembly free
of the main chassis.

6. Disassemble analog board assembly.

• Remove the screws that secure the analog board and heat sink to the analog board
subchassis.

• Carefully remove the heat sink by sliding the clips off the power transistors.

Red
Black
Yellow
Gray
—
—

White/Red
White/Black
White/Yellow
White/Gray
White
Blue/White

CAUTION Be careful not to damage the heat sink insulation layer.

• Remove the analog board from the subchassis.

• Remove the four screws that secure the bottom cover, and then remove the cover
from the bottom of the PC board.

NOTE When reinstalling the heat sink, make sure that all clips are properly installed and

centered on each pair of output transistors.

5-6 Disassembly

Digital board removal

Perform the following steps to remove the digital board. This procedure assumes that the ana­log board assembly is already removed.

1. Remove the IEEE-488, Digital I/O, and RS-232 fasteners.
The IEEE-488, Digital I/O, and RS-232 connectors each have two nuts that secure the

connectors to the rear panel. Remove these nuts.

2. Remove the POWER switch rod.
At the switch, place the edge of a flat-blade screwdriver in the notch on the pushrod.

Gently twist the screwdriver while pulling the rod from the shaft.

3. Unplug cables:

• Unplug the display board ribbon cable.

• Unplug the cables going to the power supply.

• Unplug the rear panel power module cable.

4. Remove digital board.
Slide the digital board forward until it is free of the guide pins, then remove the board.
During reassembly, replace the board, and start the IEEE-488, Digital I/O, and RS-232

connector nuts and the mounting screw. Tighten all the fasteners once they are all in
place and the board is correctly aligned.

Front panel disassembly

Use the following steps to remove the display board and/or the pushbutton switch pad.

1. Unplug the display board ribbon cable.

2. Remove the front panel assembly.
This assembly has four retaining clips that snap onto the chassis over four pem nut

studs. Two retaining clips are located on each side of the front panel. Pull the retaining
clips outward and, at the same time, pull the front panel assembly forward until it sepa­rates from the chassis.

3. Using a thin-bladed screwdriv er, pry the plastic PC board stop (located at the bottom of
the display board) until the bar separates from the casing. Pull the display board from
the front panel.

4. Remove the switch pad by pulling it from the front panel.

Removing power components

The following procedures for removing the po wer supply and/or power module require that the
case cover and analog board be removed, as previously explained.

Power supply removal

Perform the following steps to remove the power supply:

1. Remove the analog board.

2. Unplug the two cables coming from the digital board.

3. Remove the four screws that secure the power supply to the bottom of the chassis.

4. Remove the power supply from the chassis.

Disassembly 5-7

Power module removal

Perform the following steps to remove the rear panel power module:

1. Remove the analog board.

2. Unplug the cable connecting the power module to the digital board.

3. Disconnect the power module's ground wire. This green and yellow wire connects to a
threaded stud on the chassis with a kep nut.

4. Squeeze the latches on either side of the power module while pushing the module from
the access hole.

WARNING T o avoid electrical shock, which could result in injury or death, the ground

wire of the power module must be connected to chassis ground. When
installing the power module, be sure to reconnect the green and yellow
ground wire to the threaded stud on the chassis.

Instrument reassembly

Reassemble the instrument by reversing the previous disassembly procedures. Make sure that
all parts are properly seated and secured and that all connections are properly made. To ensure
proper operation, replace and securely fasten the shield.

WARNING To ensure continued protection against electrical shock, verify that power

line ground (green and yellow wire attached to the power module) is con­nected to the chassis. Also make certain that the two bottom case screws
are properly installed to secure and ground the case cover to the chassis.

5-8 Disassembly

6

Replaceable Parts

6-2 Replaceable Parts

Introduction

This section contains replacement parts information and component layout drawings for the
Model 2400.

Parts lists

The electrical parts lists for the Model 2400 are shown in the tables at the end of this section.
For part numbers to the various mechanical parts and assemblies, use the Miscellaneous parts
list and the assembly drawings provided at the end of Section 5.

Ordering information

T o place an order or to obtain information concerning replacement parts, contact your Keithley
representative or the factory (see inside front co ver for addresses). When ordering parts, be sure
to include the following information:

• Instrument model number (Model 2400)

• Instrument serial number

• Part description

• Component designation (if applicable)

• Keithley part number

Replaceable Parts 6-3

Factory service

If the instrument is to be returned to Keithley Instruments for repair, perform the following:

• Call the Repair Department at 1-800-552-1115 for a Return Material Authorization
(RMA) number.

• Complete the service form at the back of this manual, and include it with the
instrument.

• Carefully pack the instrument in the original packing carton.

• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT and the RMA number on the shipping
label.

Component layouts

The component layouts for the various circuit boards are provided on the following pages.

• Analog board — 2400-100

• Display board — 2400-110

• Digital board — 2400-140

6-4 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-1

Analog board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

C200-203,205-210,225, 226,231,232,237,238,

242,243,248-255,258-261,269-272,
273-282,284-291,297-300,524,525,
530,531,542,548,549,554,605-607,613,

614,617-625,650-652,659-662
C204,404,550-553,608,609 CAP, .01UF, 10%, 50V, CERAMIC C-491-.01
C211-214 CAP, 1000PF, 10%, 50V, MONO CERAMIC C-452-1000P
C215-222,611 CAP, 100PF, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-465-100P
C223,224,227-230,233-236,239-240 CAP, 33PF, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-465-33P
C241 CAP, 1000PF, 1%, 50V, CERAMIC C-347-1000P
C244,245 CAP, .022UF, 10%, 50V, CERAMIC C-491-.022
C246,513 CAP, 560PF, 2.5%, 630V, POLYPROPYLENE C-405-560P
C247,267,268 CAP, 1000P, 10%, 100V CERAMIC C-451-1000P
C256,257 CAP, 22PF, 10%, 100V, CERAMIC C-451-22P
C283 CAP, .1UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC C-418-.1
C301,302 CAP, 1000PF, 10%, 50V, MONO CERAMIC C-452-1000P
C311 CAP, 100UF, 20%, 10V, ALUM ELEC C-483-100
C312-319,329 CAP, 10PF, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-372-10P
C320,323-326,603,604,615 CAP, 47P, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-465-47P
C330 CAP, 100PF, 2.5%, 630V, POLYPROPYLENE C-405-100P
C331-334 CAP, 100PF, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-465-100P
C296,400,408 CAP, 270PF, 2.5%, 630V, POLYPROPYLENE C-405-270P
C401,402 CAP, 10PF, .5%, 500V, POLYSTYRENE C-405-10P
C405,406 CAP, .15UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC C-418-.15
C407 CAP, 1UF, 20%, 35V, TANTALUM C-494-1
C500-503 CAP, 4.7UF, 20%, 350V, ALUM ELEC C-393-4.7
C504,505,534,535 CAP, 47UF, 20%, 100V, ALUM ELEC C-521-47
C512,514 CAP, 22PF, 10%, 100V, CERAMIC C-451-22P
C515,541 CAP, .1UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC C-418-.1
C522,523,526-529,532,533 CAP, 1000P, ±10%, 500V, CERAMIC C-497-1000P
C537,538 CAP, .1UF, 10%, 500V, X7R C-525-.1
C539,540 CAP, 1UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC C-519-1
C543 CAP, 10PF, 10%, 1000V, CERAMIC C-64-10P
C544-547 CAP, 2200P, ±10%, 500V, CERAMIC C-497-2200P
C610,612 CAP, 2200P, 10%, 100V, CERAMIC C-430-2200P
C616 CAP, 22UF, 20%, 25V, TANTALUM C-440-22
CR200-203,205,207,208,210,212,213,216,

221,235,236,602
CR204,206,209,211,222-225,230-233,400,

401,502-504
CR236,602,212,213 ULTRAFAST POWER RECTIFIER RF-105
CR237 DIODE, DUAL SWITCHING, BAV99L RF-82

CAP, .1UF, 10%, 25V, CERAMIC C-495-.1

DIODE, SWITCHING, MMBD914 RF-83

DIODE, IN3595 RF-43

part no.

Replaceable Parts 6-5

Table 6-1 (cont.)

Analog board parts list

Circuit designation Description

CR500-503 ULTRAFAST POWER RECTIFIER RF-107
CR508-511,520,521 DIODE, CONTROLLED AVALANCHE,

BYD17GSO
CR512,513 DIODE ZENER, 12V, MMSZ11T1 DZ-112
CR517,519 ULTRAFAST POWER RECTIFIER RF-106
CR600,238 DIODE, DUAL HSM-2822T31 RF-95
CR601 DIODE, SCHOTTKY, BAT42 RF-78

J1001 CONN, HEADER STRAIGHT SOLDER PIN CS-368-10
J1002 CONN, HEADER STRAIGHT SOLDER PIN CS-368-16
J1003 CONN, HEADER STRAIGHT SOLDER PIN CS-368-14
J1034 LATCHING HEADER, FRICTON, SGL ROW CS-724-3

Keithley
part no.

RF-91

K200-205 N.C RELAY, 1 FORMB, AQV214S RL-176
K206 RELAY, REED, HI-VOLT/ISOLATION RL-152
K207,208 RELAY, MINI SIGNAL REL RL-163
K211 RELAY, SURFACE MOUNT RL-188

L201 COIL CH-72-1
L600,601,602 FERRITE CHIP 600 OHM BLM32A07 CH-62
L603 FERRITE CHIP 600 OHM BLM32A07 CH-62

Q200-207,240,241 TRANS, N CHANNEL JFET, SNJ132199 TG-294
Q208,210,212,214,216,218 TRANS, NPN CATV SILICON, MPSH17 TG-221
Q209,211,213,215,217,219 TRANS, CURRENT REGULATOR, CR430 TG-219
Q220,225 TRANS, NPN SILICON, MJE340 TG-209
Q221,226 TRANS, PNP POWER, MJE350 TG-210
Q222,224 TRANS, N-CHAN JFET, SST4393 TG-263
Q234-239,244-246,255,256,400,401,404 TRANS, N-MOSFET, VN0605T TG-243
Q242,243 TRANS, N-CHAN MOSFET, TN254ON8 TG-274
Q402,409 TRANS, N-CHAN DMOS FET, TN2504N8 TG-261
Q403,406,407,408 TRANS, N-CHAN JFET, SST109 TG-266
Q223,405,410,411,602-607 TRANS, N-MOSFET, VN0605T TG-243
Q412,414 TRANS, N-MEGAFET, RFD 14N05LSM TG-267
Q413 TRANS, P-CHAN, MOSFET, TP0610T TG-259
Q415 TRANS, P-FET, MTP20P06 TG-229
Q500,502,514,516 TRANS, N-CHANNEL FET, IRF630 TG-214
Q501,503,505,508,510,512,513,528 TRANS, NPN, MMBT3904 TG-238
Q504 TRANS, NPN, TIP48 TG-314
Q506,520,601,529 TRANS, PNP, MMBT3906L TG-244
Q507 TRANS, PMP, MJE5731A TG-315
Q509,511,523,525 TRANS, P-CHANNEL 200V FET, IRF9630 TG-215

6-6 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-1 (cont.)

Analog board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

Q515,517,519,522,524,600 TRANS, NPN, MMBT3904 TG-238
Q518 TRANS, NPN DARLINGTON, TIP101 TG-230
Q521 TRANS, PNP DARLINGTON, TIP106 TG-231
Q526,527 N CHANNEL ENHANCED MOSFET TG-302

R117-128,133-136,137-149 RES, 10K, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-10K
R150-153,336,340,343,353,355,361,362,365,

369,389,390,466,472,478,480,481,520,522
R200,201,203,232,238 RESISTOR NETWORK TF-236
R202,204,252,255,256,259,260,263,264,267,

293-296,338,364,402-404,416,417,459,488
R205,210 RES, 768, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-768
R207 RES, 8.87K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-8.87K
R209,211,268-271 RES, 1M, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1M
R212 RES, 332, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-332
R213 RES, NET 5K, .1%, 668A TF-243-5K
R205,214,215,290,485,486 RES, .0499, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-.0499
R216,221,223,274-279,289,303 RES, 20K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-20K
R217 RES, 121K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-121K
R218 RES, 80.6K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-80.6K
R219,220,222,230,231,345,373,482,483 RES, 49.9K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-49.9K
R224-229,234-237,244-247,281,282,284-286,

288,301,617,622,654,655
R240,243,248,251,253,254,257,258,261,262,

265,266,313,314-317,357,366,601,608,626
R241,242,249,250,653,664 RES, 140K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-140K
R272,273 RES, 249K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-249K
R280 RES, 4.02K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-4.02K
R283,287,297,299,349,350-352,457,461 RES, 30.1K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-30.1K
R291 RES, 45.3K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-45.3K
R292,544-547 RES, 100K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-100K
R298,300 RES, 150K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-150K
R302,310,375,376 RES, .0499, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-.0499
R304-306,548 RES, 33, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-33
R307,388,393-399,411,412,413 RES, 357, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-357
R308,379-387,391,392 RES, 475, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-475
R309,504,511 RES, 10K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-10K
R332,423,604,606 RES, 499, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-499
R346 RES, 357K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-357K
R347 RES, 332K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-332K
R348 RES, 255K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-255K
R354 RES, 1M, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-1M

RES, 1K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1K

RES, 100K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-100K

RES, 10K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-10K

RES, 4.99K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-4.99K

part no.

Replaceable Parts 6-7

Table 6-1 (cont.)

Analog board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

R356,359,418-421,456,458,460,462,464,489 RES, 1K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1K
R358 RES, 3.01K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-3.01K
R363 THICK FILM TF-253
R367,424,425,426,484,487,603,605 RES, 4.99K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-4.99K
R368 RES, 332, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-332
R374 RES, 49.9K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-49.9K
R377,378 RES, 6.65K, 1%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-391-6.65K
R450 RES, 2.0M, .1%, 1/4MW, METAL FILM R-321-2M
R451 RES, 221K, 1%, 1/10W, METAL FILM R-263-221K
R452 RES, 20K, .5%, 1/8W, METAL FILM R-351-20K
R453 RES, 2K, 1%, 1/2W, METAL FILM R-348-2K
R454,455,467-471 RES, 100, .1%, 1/10W, METAL FILM R-263-100
R463,465,473 RES, 30.1K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-30.1K
R474-477 RES, .2, 1%, 1W R-441-.2
R479 RES, 249, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-249
R500,502,513,515,527,528,533,535 RES, 576K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-576K
R501,503,512,514,529,530,532,534 RES, 249, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-249
R505,510,536,537,550,551 RES, 499, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-499
R506-509,521,525,526,549 RES, 10, 10%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-10
R516,523,531 RES, 4.02K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-4.02K
R517,524,538-541 RES, 12.1, 1%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-391-12.1
R542,543 RES, .5, 5%, 1W, METAL R-444-.5
R553,554 RES, 2.21K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-2.21K
R555 RES, 8.98K, .1%, .125W, THIN FILM R-456-8.98K
R556 RES, 42.7K, .1%, .125W, THIN FILM R-456-42.7K
R557 RES, 17.2K, .1%, .125W, THIN FILM R-456-17.2K
R600,370-372 RES, 100K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-100K
R602,607 RES, 1.5K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1.5K
R609 RES NET TF-245
R610 RES, 1.28M, .1%, 1/8W, METAL FILM R-176-1.28M
R611,621 RES, 475, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-475
R612 RES, 5.11K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-5.11K
R613,624,659,660 RES, 100, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-100
R208,614,615 RES, 2.21K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-2.21K
R618 RES, 34K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-34K
R619 RES, 4.75K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-4.75K
R620 RES, 82.5, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-82.5
R623 RES, 10, 10%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-10
R650,651 RES NET, 9K-1K, MICRO DIVIDER TF-246-2
R652,665 RES, 357, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-357
R656 RES, 10M, 1%, 125MW, THICK FILM R-418-10M
R657,658 RES, 1M, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1M

part no.

6-8 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-1 (cont.)

Analog board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

R666 RES NET, 3K, 12K, 0.1%, 100MW THIN

FILM

RT200 POLYSWITCH, PTC RESISTOR RT-17

T500 TRANSFORMER FOR 0 SUPPLIES TR-303A

part no.

TF-237-2

TP200-215,218-225,227,228,230-235,

500-510

U201,212,214,230,241,400-406,652 IC, CMOS ANAL SWITCH, DG444D IC-866
U202,203,650 IC, OP AMP LT1112 IC-1048
U204,229 IC, 8-CHAN ANA MULTIPLEXER, DG408D IC-844
U205,407 IC, HEX INVERTERS, 74HCT04 IC-880
U209,215 IC, QUAD COMPARATOR, LM339D IC-774
U210,220 IC, DUAL BIPOLAR OP-AMP, LT1124CS8 IC-955
U221,227 IC, DIFF . AMP, AMP03GP IC-988
U222 IC, OP-AMP, LTC1050CS8 IC-791
U223,409 IC, MOSFET DRIVER, TLP591B IC-877
U228 IC, OP-AMP, LOW NOISE, LT1007CS8 IC-949
U219,231,235 IC, OP-AMP, LOW POWER, AD795JR IC-1052
U234 IC, OP-AMP, OPA602 IC-1049
U238 IC, CMOS ANA SWITCH SPST MAX326CSE IC-909
U239 IC, QUAD 2-INPUT NAND, 74HC00M IC-781
U240 IC, POS NAND GATES/INVERT, 74HCT14 IC-656
U242-247 IC, DUAL HIGH CMR/SPEED OPTO,

U252-256 IC, 8 STAGE SHIFT, CD74HC4094M IC-1026
U257 IC, SUPPLY VOLT SUPERVISOR, TL7705A IC-860
U262,263,226,659 IC, 20V OP-AMP, LT1097S8 IC-767
U211,213,216,218,225,233,408 IC, M DUAL J-FET OP-AMP, OP-282GS IC-968
U500 IC, OP-AMP, AD847JN IC-890
U501 IC, VOLT COMPARATOR, LM393 IC-775
U502 PROGRAMMABLE TEMP CONTROLLER IC-1062
U206-208,264,600 IC, DUAL PICOAMP OP-AMP, AD706JR IC-910
U601 IC, QUAD D FLIP FLOP W/CLK,

U604 IC, NCHAN LAT DMOS QUADFET,

U605 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, OPA177GS IC-960
U606,236 IC, HI-SPEED BIFET OP-AMP, AD711JR IC-894
U607 IC, OP-AMP, NE5534D IC-802

CONN, TEST POINT CS-553

IC-588

HCPL-26

IC-923

RESET 7474

IC-893

SD5400CY

Replaceable Parts 6-9

Table 6-1 (cont.)

Analog board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

U608 IC, VOLT. COMPARATOR, LM311M IC-776
U224,602,603,651 IC, QUAD 2 IN NOR, 74HCT02 IC-809
U660,661 IC, 16 BIT DAC, AD7849BR IC-1004

VR200,201 DIODE, ZENER, 11V, MMSZ11T1 DZ-103
VR214,215 DIODE, ZENER, 8.2V, MMBZ5237 DZ-92
VR216,217 DIODE, ZENER, 17V, MMBZ5247BL DZ-104
VR400,401 DIODE, ZENER, 4.7V, IN4732A DZ-67
VR403,601,604 DIODE, ZENER, 3.3V, MMBZ5226BL DZ-94
VR404-406 DIODE, ZENER, 5.1V, BZX84C5V1 DZ-88
VR500,501 DIODE, ZENER, 6.0V, BZX84B6V2 DZ-87
VR600 DIODE, ZENER, 6.4V, IN4579 DZ-73
VR602,603 DIODE, ZENER, 6.2V, MMSZ6V2 DZ-97

part no.

W401 JUMPER J-15

Y600 OSCILLATOR HIGH SPEED CMOS, 12MHZ CR-37

6-10 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-2

Digital board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

BH1 BATTERY HOLDER BH-34

BT1 BATTERY, LITHIUM-MANGANESE CELL 3V BA-44

part no.

C1,3,6-9,11-14,16-20,22,23,25,26,30,36,

37,39,41,44-46,49,59,66-70,73,

76-84,85
C2,56 CAP, .01UF, 10%, 50V, CERAMIC C-491-.01
C4,10 CAP, 15P, 1%, 100V, CERAMIC C-512-15P
C5 CAP, .1UF, 20%, 100V, CERAMIC C-436-.1
C15,28,38,47,60,61 CAP, 47P, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-465-47P
C21,27,29,51,72,86 CAP, 1UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC C-519-1
C31 CAP, 100PF, 5%, 100V, CERAMIC C-465-100P
C32,34,63,64 CAP, 47UF, 20%, 100V ALUM ELEC C-521-47
C33,35,52-55 CAP, 22UF, 20%, 25V, TANTALUM C-440-22
C48,57,58 CAP, 1000PF, 10%, 50V, MONO CERAMIC C-452-1000P
C62 CAP, 10UF, 20%, 25V, TANTALUM C-440-10
C65 CAP, .022UF, 10%, 50V, CERAMIC C-491-.022
C74,75 CAP, 470UF, 20%, 25V, ALUM ELEC C-413-470

CR1-4,7,10,16,18 ULTRAFAST POWER RECTIFIER RF-107
CR6,9,12,20 ULTRAFAST POWER RECTIFIER RF-105
CR8,11,17,19,21,25-28,31 DIODE, SWITCHING, 250MA, BAV103 RF-89
CR13 DIODE, DUAL, HSM-2822T31 RF-95
CR5,14,15,22-24,32,33 DIODE, DUAL SWITCHING, BAV99L RF-82
CR29,30 DIODE, SWITCHING, MMBD914 RF-83

F1 POLYSWITCH, SMD030-2 FU-103

HS1,2,3 HEAT SINK HS-33

CAP, .1UF, 10%, 25V, CERAMIC C-495-.1

IC1 IC, POS VOLTAGE REG +15V, 500MA, 7815 IC-194

J1 CONN, RIGHT ANGLE, 24-PIN CS-507
J3 CONN, RIGHT ANGLE, MALE, 9-PIN CS-761-9
J5 CONN, CIRCULAR DIN CS-762
J6 CONN, D-SUB MALE, BOARDLOCK TYPE CS-848-9
J21 CONN, MOLEX, 3-PIN CS-772-3

L1 FERRITE CHIP 600 OHM, BLM32A07 CH-62

LS1 BEEPER, 5V, 30MA, QMX-05 EM-6

Replaceable Parts 6-11

Table 6-2 (cont.)

Digital board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

P1001 CABLE ASSEMBL Y CA-152-1
P1002 CABLE ASSEMBL Y CA-151-1
P1003 CABLE ASSEMBL Y CA-32-9B
P1004 CABLE ASSEMBL Y CA-62-4A

Q1-6 TRANS, N-MOSFET, VN0605T TG-243
Q7,8 POWER MOSFET, IRFZ346 TG-313
Q10 TRANS, NPN, MMBT3904 TG-238

R1,37,43,44,45,65 RES, 2.21K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-2.21K
R2,4,6,7,13,14,19,34,35,41,47,50,52,58,

60,63,68,69,71,73-81,83,84,85-89
R3 RES, 10, 10%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-10
R5,55 RES, 10M, 1%, 125MW, THICK FILM R-418-10M
R9,11,12,16,20 RES, 100, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-100
R10 RES, 332K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-332K
R15,17,18,21,23,31,48,59,61,64,70,72 RES, 1K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1K
R25,28,49 RES, 4.75K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-4.75K
R29,39,46 RES, .0499, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-.0499
R30,26 RES, 100, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-100
R38 RES, 14K, 1%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-391-14K
R24,27,32,40 RES, 5.1K, 5%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-375-5.1K
R51 RES, 4.75K, 1%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-391-4.75K
R53,54,56 RES, 3.01K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-3.01K
R57 RES, 1M, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-1M
R77 RES, 15K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-15K
R82 RES, 499, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-499
R91,92 RES, 200, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-200

RES, 10K, 1%, 100MW, THICK FILM R-418-10K

part no.

S01,2 SOCKET, PLCC-032-T-A SO-143-32
S1 SWITCH, PUSHBUTTON (6 POLE) SW-466

T1 TRANSFORMER FOR F SUPPLIES TR-302A
TP1-9 CONN, TEST POINT CS-553

U1,22 IC, DUAL D-TYPE F/F, 74HC74 IC-773
U2 IC, MICROMANAGER, DS12365-10 IC-884
U3 MICROCONTROLLER, MC68332-FC LSI-161
U4 IC, +5V, RS-232 TRANSCEIVER, MAX202 IC-952
U5 IC, OP-AMP, AD705JR IC-814
U6 IC, OCTAL INTER BUS TRANS, 75161 IC-647
U7 IC, 4-CHANNEL PWR DRIVER, 2549B IC-1044

6-12 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-2 (cont.)

Digital board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

part no.

U8 IC, NEG VOLTAGE REG -15V, 500MA, 79M15 IC-195
U9 IC, HEX INVERTERS, 74HCT04 IC-880
U11 IC, VOLT COMPARATOR, LM393D IC-775
U12,14 LARGE SCALE IC LSI-162-70
U13 IC, GPIB ADAPTER, 9914A LSI-123
U15 PROGRAMMED ROM 2400-803-*
U16 PROGRAMMED ROM 2400-804-*
U17 IC, SERIAL EPROM, 24LC16B LSI-153
U18 IC, +5V, VOLTAGE REGULATOR, LM2940CT IC-576
U19 IC, SCHMITT-TRIGGER NAND GATE IC-950
U20 IC, OCTAL INTERFACE BUS, 75160 IC-646
U21 IC, DUAL POWER MOSFET DRIVER, TSC42 IC-437
U23,25 IC, POS NAND GATES/INVERT, 74HCT14 IC-656
U24 IC, TRIPLE 3 IN NAND, 74F10 IC-659

VR1 DIODE, ZENER, 33V, IN4752A DZ-68

Y1 CRYSTAL, FSM327 CR-41

*Order current firmware revision level.

Replaceable Parts 6-13

Table 6-3

Display board parts list

Keithley

Circuit designation Description

part no.

C901 CAP, 22UF, 20%, 6.3, TANTALUM C-417-22
C902,904,907,908,910 CAP, .1UF, 20%, 100V, CERAMIC C-436-.1
C903,905,906,909,911 CAP, .1UF, 20%, 50V, CERAMIC C-418-.1
C912 CAP, 2.2UF, 20%, 100V, ALUM ELEC C-503-2.2
C913,914 CAP, 100UF, 20%, 16V, TANTALUM C-504-100
C915,916 CAP, 33PF, 10%, 100V, CERAMIC C-451-33P

CR901-904 DIODE, SWITCHING, 250MA, BAV103 RF-89
CR905,906 DIODE, SWITCHING, MMBD914 RF-83

DS901 VACUUM FLUORESCENT DISPLAY DD-51C

J1032 CONN, 3-PIN CS-339-3
J1033 CONN, HEADER STRAIGHT SOLDER PIN CS-368-16

Q901,902 TRANS, NPN GEN PURPOSE, BC868 TG-293

R901 RES NET, 15K, 2%, 1.875W TF-219-15K
R902 RES, 13K, 5%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-375-13K
R903,904 RES, 4.7K, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-4.7K
R905 RES, 1M, 5%, 125MW, METAL FILM R-375-1M
R906 RES, 1K, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-1K
R907 RES, 240, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-376-240
R908 RES, 10M, 5%, 250MW, METAL FILM R-375-10M

T901 TRANSFORMER, TDK, ER14.5 SERIES TR-300

U901,904,905 IC, LATCHED DRIVERS, UCN-5812EPF-1 IC-732
U902 PROGRAMMED ROM 7001-800-*

U903 IC, 32-BIT, SERIAL, UCN-5818EPF-1 IC-830

VR901 DIODE, ZENER, 8.2V, MMBZ5237 DZ-92

Y901 CRYSTAL, 4MHZ CR-36-4M

*Order current firmware revision level.

6-14 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-4

Mechanical parts list

Quantity Description Keithley part no.

4 BLACK BANANA JACK BJ-13-0
1 BLUE BANANA JACK BJ-13-6
1 BOTTOM SHIELD 2400-309A
2 FOOT, EXTRUDED FE-22A
2 FOOT, RUBBER FE-6
1 FUSE, 1A, SLOW BLOW, 5
1 HANDLE 428-329F
1 HEAT SINK 2400-308A
1 LEFT MOUNTING EAR 428-338B
1 LINE CORD CO-7
1 LINE FILTER LF-11
1 MEMBRANE SWITCH, FRONT PANEL 2400-313A
1 POWER ROD 704-313A
1 POWER SUPPLY PS-41A
1 REAR BEZEL 428-303D
4 RED BANANA JACK BJ-13-2
1 RIGHT MOUNTING EAR 428-328E
1 SWITCHPAD 2400-315A
1 TEST LEADS CA-22
1 WHITE BANANA JACK BJ-13-9

× 20MM FU-72

A

Specifications

A-2 Specifications

2400 SPECIFICATIONS

SOURCE SPECIFICATIONS

1

Voltage Programming Accuracy (remote sense)

Accuracy (1 Year) Noise

Programming 23°C ±5°C (peak-peak)

Range Resolution ±% rdg. + volts 0.1Hz – 10Hz

200.000 mV 5 µV 0.02% + 600 µV 5 µV

2.00000 V 50 µV 0.02% +600 µV 50 µV

20.0000 V 500 µV 0.02% + 2.4mV 500 µV

200.000 V 5 mV 0.02% + 24 mV 5mV

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.
MAX.OUTPUT POWER: 22W (four quadrant source or sink operation).
SOURCE/SINK LIMITS: ± 21V @ ± 1.05A, ±210V @ ± 105mA.
VOLTAGE REGULATION: Line: 0.01% of range.

Load: 0.01% of range + 100µV.
NOISE 10Hz–1MHz (p-p): 10mV, typical. Resistive load.
OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION: User selectable values, 5% tolerance. Factory default = 40 volts.
CURRENT LIMIT:Bipolar current limit (compliance) set with single value. Min. 0.1% of range.
OVERSHOOT: <0.1% typical (full scale step, resistive load, 10mA range).

Current Programming Accuracy (local or remote sense)

Accuracy (1 Year)

3

Noise

Programming 23°C ±5°C (peak-peak)

Range Resolution ±% rdg. +amps 0.1Hz – 10Hz

1.00000 µA 50 pA 0.035% + 600pA 5 pA

10.0000 µA 500 pA 0.033% + 2nA 50 pA

100.000 µA 5 nA 0.031% + 20nA 500 pA

1.00000mA 50 nA 0.034% + 200nA 5 nA

10.0000mA 500 nA 0.045% + 2µA

100.000mA 5 µA 0.066% + 20µA

1.00000 A

2

50 µA 0.27 % + 900µA

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.
MAX.OUTPUT POWER: 22W (four quadrant source or sink operation).
SOURCE/SINK LIMITS: ±105mA @ 210V, ±1.05A @ 21V.
CURRENT REGULATION: Line:0.01% of range.

Load: 0.01% of range + 100pA.
VOLTAGE LIMIT: Bipolar voltage limit (compliance) set with single value. Min. 0.1% of range.
OVERSHOOT: <0.1% typical (1mA step, R

L

= 10kΩ, 20V range).

1

Specifications valid for continuous output currents below 105mA. For operating above 105mA continuous for >1 minute, der­ate accuracy 10%/35mA above 105mA.

2

Full operation (1A) regardless of load to 30°C. Above 30°C ambient, derate 35mA/°C and prorate 35mA/Ωload. 4-wire mode.
For current sinking, up to 10W (external power) at 23°C. Above 23°C, derate 1W/°C.

3

For sink mode, 1µA to 100mA range, accuracy is ±(0.15% + offset*4). For 1A range, accuracy is ±(1.5%+ offset*8).

ADDITIONAL SOURCE SPECIFICATIONS

TRANSIENT RESPONSE TIME: 30µs typical for the output to recover to its spec. following a step change in load. Resistive load.
COMMAND PROCESSING TIME: Maximum time required for the output to begin to change following the receipt of

:SOURce:VOLTage|CURRent <nrf> command.

Autorange On: 10ms. Autorange Off: 7ms.

OUTPUT SETTLING TIME: Time required to reach 0.1% of final

value after command is processed. 100µs typical. Resistive load.

Specifications A-3

2400 SPECIFICATIONS (cont.)

OUTPUT SLEW RATE: 0.5V/µs, 200V range, 100mA compliance. 0.08V/µs, 2V and 20V ranges, 100mA compliance.
DC FLOATING VOLTAGE: Output can be floated up to ±250VDC from chassis ground.
REMOTE SENSE: Up to 1V drop per load lead.
COMPLIANCE ACCURACY:Add 0.1% of range to base specification.
OVER TEMPERATURE PROTECTION: Internally sensed temperature overload puts unit in standby mode.
RANGE CHANGE OVERSHOOT: Overshoot into a fully resistive 100kΩ load, 10Hz to 1MHz BW, adjacent ranges, Smooth Mode:

(100mV) typical, except 20V/200V range boundary.

MINIMUM COMPLIANCE VALUE: 0.1% of range.

MEASURE SPECIFICATIONS

1, 2

Voltage Measurement Accuracy (remote sense)

Max. Input Accuracy (23°C ± 5°C)

Range Resolution Resistance 1 Year,±(%rdg + volts)

200.000 mV 1 µV >10GΩ 0.012% + 300 µV

2.00000 V 10 µV >10GΩ 0.012% + 300 µV

20.0000 V 100 µV >10GΩ 0.015% + 1.5 mV

200.000 V 1mV >10GΩ 0.015% + 10 mV

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.

Current Measurement Accuracy (local or remote sense)

Max. Voltage Accuracy (23°C ±5°C)

Range Resolution *Burden

3

1 Y ear ,±(%rdg + amps)

1.00000 µA 10 pA < 1mV 0.029% + 300 pA

10.0000 µA 100 pA < 1mV 0.027% + 700 pA

100.000 µA 1 nA < 1mV 0.025% + 6 nA

1.00000 mA 10 nA < 1mV 0.027% + 60 nA

10.0000 mA 100 nA < 1mV 0.035% + 600 nA

100.000 mA 1 µA < 1mV 0.055% + 6 µA

1.00000 A 10 µA < 1mV 0.22 % + 570 µA

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.1 × accuracy specification)/°C.

Resistance Measurement Accuracy (4 wire remote sense)

Source I Mode,Auto Ohms

Max. Default Normal Accuracy (23°C ± 5°C) Enhanced Accuracy (23°C ± 5°C)

5

Range Resolution Test Current 1 Year,±(%rdg + ohms) 1 Year,±(%rdg + ohms)

<2.00000 Ω

4

1µΩ — Source I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

Measure I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

20.0000 Ω 100 µΩ 100 mA 0.098%+0.003 Ω 0.073% + 0.001 Ω

200.000 Ω 1mΩ 10 mA 0.077%+ 0.03 Ω 0.053% + 0.01 Ω

2.00000 kΩ 10 mΩ 1 mA 0.066%+ 0.3 Ω 0.045% + 0.1 Ω

20.0000 kΩ 100 mΩ 100 µA 0.063%+ 3 Ω 0.043% + 1 Ω

200.000 kΩ 1 Ω 10 µA 0.065%+ 30 Ω 0.046% + 10 Ω

2.00000MΩ 10 Ω 1 µA 0.11% + 300 Ω 0.049% + 100 Ω

20.0000MΩ 100 Ω 1 µA 0.11% + 1kΩ 0.052% + 500 Ω

200.000MΩ 1kΩ 100 nA 0.655%+ 10 kΩ 0.349% + 5000 Ω

>200.000MΩ

4

1MΩ — Source I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

Measure I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.
SOURCE I MODE, MANUAL OHMS:Total uncertainty = I source accuracy + Vmeasure accuracy (4-wire remote sense).
SOURCE V MODE: Total uncertainty = V source accuracy + I measure accuracy (4-wire remote sense).
6-WIRE OHMS MODE: Available using active ohms guard and guard sense. Max.Guard Output Current: 50 mA (except 1A

range). Accuracy is load dependent. Refer to manual for calculation formula.

GUARD OUTPUT IMPEDANCE:0.1Ω in ohms mode.

1

Speed = Normal (1 PLC).

2

Accuracies apply to 2- or 4-wire mode when properly zeroed.

3

4-wire mode.

4

Manual ohms mode only.

5

Source readback enabled, offset compensation ON.

A-4 Specifications

2400 SPECIFICATIONS (cont.)

SYSTEM SPEEDS

MEASUREMENT

1

MAXIMUM RANGE CHANGE RATE:75/second.
MAXIMUM MEASURE AUTORANGE TIME: 40ms (fixed source)2.
SWEEP OPERATION3READING RATES (rdg/second) FOR 60Hz (50Hz):

Source-Measure

NPLC/Trigger Measure Source-Measure Pass/Fail Test

4

Source-Memory

4

Speed Origin To Mem. To GPIB To Mem. To GPIB To Mem. To GPIB To Mem. To GPIB

Fast 0.01 / internal 2081 (2030) 1198(1210) 1551 (1515) 1000 (900) 902 (900) 809(840) 165 (162) 164 (162)

0.01 / external 1239 (1200) 1079(1050) 1018 (990) 916 (835) 830 (830) 756 (780) 163(160) 162 (160)

Medium 0.10 / internal 510 (433) 509 (433) 470 (405) 470 (410) 389 (343) 388(343) 133(126) 132 (126)

0.10 / external 438 (380) 438 (380) 409 (360) 409 (365) 374 (333) 374(333) 131(125) 131 (125)

Normal 1.00 / internal 59 (49) 59 (49) 58 (48) 58 (48) 56 (47) 56 (47) 44 (38) 44 (38)

1.00 / external 57 (48) 57 (48) 57 (48) 57 (47) 56 (47) 56 (47) 44 (38) 44 (38)

SINGLE READING OPERATION READING RATES (rdg/second)FOR 60Hz (50Hz):

Measure Source-Measure

5

Source-Measure Pass/Fail Test

4,5

Speed NPLC/Trigger Origin To GPIB To GPIB To GPIB

Fast 0.01 / internal 256 (256) 79 (83) 79 (83)
Medium 0.10 / internal 167 (166) 72 (70) 69 (70)
Normal 1.00 / internal 49 (42) 34 (31) 35 (30)

COMPONENT HANDLER INTERFACE TIME:

4,6

Speed NPLC/T rigger Origin Measure Pass/Fail Test Source Pass/F ail Test Source-Measur e Pass/Fail Test

7

Fast 0.01 / external 1.04 ms (1.08 ms) 0.5 ms (0.5 ms) 4.82 ms (5.3 ms)
Medium 0.10 / external 2.55 ms (2.9 ms) 0.5 ms (0.5 ms) 6.27 ms (7.1 ms)
Normal 1.00 / external 17.53 ms (20.9 ms) 0.5 ms (0.5 ms) 21.31 ms (25.0 ms)

1

Reading rates applicable for voltage or current measurements. Auto zero off, autorange off, filter off, display off, trigger delay
= 0, source auto clear off, and binary reading format.

2

Purely resistive load. 1µA and 10µA ranges <65ms.

3

1000 point sweep was characterized with the source on a fixed range.

4

Pass/Fail test performed using one high limit and one low math limit.

5

Includes time to re-program source to a new level before making measurement.

6

Time from falling edge of START OF TEST signal to falling edge of END OF TEST signal.

7

Command processing time of :SOURce:VOLTage|CURRent:TRIGgered <nrf> command not included.

Specifications A-5

2400 SPECIFICATIONS (cont.)

GENERAL

NOISE REJECTION:

NPLC NMRR CMRR

Fast 0.01 — 80 dB
Medium 0.1 — 80 dB
Normal 1 60 dB 120 dB

1

LOAD IMPEDANCE:Stable into 20,000pF typical.
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE: 250VDC.
COMMON MODE ISOLATION:>109Ω, <1000pF.
OVERRANGE: 105% of range, source and measure.
MAX.VOLTAGE DROP BETWEEN INPUT/OUTPUT AND SENSE TERMINALS: 5 volts.
MAX.SENSE LEAD RESISTANCE: 1MΩ for rated accuracy.
SENSE INPUT IMPEDANCE: >1010Ω.
GUARD OFFSET VOLTAGE: 300µV, typical.
SOURCE OUTPUT MODES:

Fixed DC level
Memory List (mixed function)
Stair (linear and log)

SOURCE MEMORY LIST: 100 points max.
MEMORY BUFFER:5,000 readings @ 5½ digits (two 2,500 point buffers). Includes selected measured value(s) and time stamp.

Lithium battery backup (3 yr+ battery life).

PROGRAMMABILITY: IEEE-488 (SCPI-1995.0), RS-232, 5 user-definable power-up states plus factory default and *RST.
DIGITAL INTERFACE:

Safety Interlock: Active low input.
Handler Interface:Start of test, end of test, 3 category bits. +5V @ 300mA supply.

Digital I/O: 1 trigger input, 4 TTL/Relay Drive outputs (33V @ 500mA sink, diode clamped).
POWER SUPPLY: 88V to 264V rms, 50–60Hz (automatically detected at power up).
WARRANTY:1 year.
EMC: Conforms with European Union Directive 89/336/EEC EN 55011, EN50082-1, EN 61000-3-2 and 61000-3-3, FCC part 15

class B.

SAFETY: Conforms with European Union Directive 73/23/EEC EN 61010-1, UL 3111-1.
VIBRATION:MIL-T-28800E Type III, Class 5.
WARM-UP: 1 hour to rated accuracies.
DIMENSIONS: 89mm high × 213mm wide × 370mm deep (3

1

⁄2in × 83⁄8in × 149⁄16in). Bench Configuration (with handle & feet):

104mm high × 238mm wide × 370mm deep (4

1

⁄8in × 93⁄8in × 149⁄16in).

WEIGHT: 3.21kg (7.08 lbs).
ENVIRONMENT:

Operating: 0°–50°C, 70% R.H. up to 35°C. Derate 3% R.H./°C, 35°–50°C.

Storage: –25°C to 65°C.

1

Except lowest 2 current ranges = 90dB.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

A-6 Specifications

2400-C SPECIFICATIONS

SOURCE SPECIFICATIONS

1

Voltage Programming Accuracy (remote sense)

Accuracy (1 Year) Noise

Programming 23°C ±5°C (peak-peak)

Range Resolution ±% rdg. + volts 0.1Hz – 10Hz

200.000 mV 5 µV 0.02% + 600 µV 5 µV

2.00000 V 50 µV 0.02% +600 µV 50 µV

20.0000 V 500 µV 0.02% + 2.4 mV 500 µV

200.000 V 5 mV 0.02% + 24 mV 5mV

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.
MAX.OUTPUT POWER: 22W (four quadrant source or sink operation).
SOURCE/SINK LIMITS: ± 21V @ ± 1.05A, ±210V @ ± 105mA.
VOLTAGE REGULATION: Line: 0.01% of range.

Load: 0.01% of range + 100µV.
NOISE 10Hz–1MHz (p-p): 10mV, typical. Resistive load.
OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION: User selectable values, 5% tolerance. Factory default = 40 volts.
CURRENT LIMIT:Bipolar current limit (compliance) set with single value. Min. 0.1% of range.
OVERSHOOT: <0.1% typical (full scale step, resistive load, 10mA range).

Current Programming Accuracy (local or remote sense)

Accuracy (1 Year)

3

Noise

Programming 23°C ±5°C (peak-peak)

Range Resolution ±% rdg. +amps 0.1Hz – 10Hz

1.00000 µA 50 pA 0.035% + 600pA 5 pA

10.0000 µA 500 pA 0.033% + 2nA 50 pA

100.000 µA 5 nA 0.031% + 20nA 500 pA

1.00000mA 50 nA 0.034% + 200nA 5 nA

10.0000mA 500 nA 0.045% + 2µA

100.000mA 5 µA 0.066% + 20µA

1.00000 A

2

50 µA 0.27 % + 900µA

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.
MAX.OUTPUT POWER: 22W (four quadrant source or sink operation).
SOURCE/SINK LIMITS: ±105mA @ 210V, ±1.05A @ 21V.
CURRENT REGULATION: Line: 0.01% of range.

Load: 0.01% of range + 100pA.
VOLTAGE LIMIT: Bipolar voltage limit (compliance) set with single value. Min. 0.1% of range.
OVERSHOOT: <0.1% typical (1mA step, R

L

= 10kΩ, 20V range).

1

Specifications valid for continuous output currents below 105mA. For operating above 105mA continuous for >1 minute, der­ate accuracy 10%/35mA above 105mA.

2

Full operation (1A) regardless of load to 30°C. Above 30°C ambient, derate 35mA/°C and prorate 35mA/Ωload. 4-wire mode.
For current sinking, up to 10W (external power) at 23°C. Above 23°C, derate 1W/°C.

3

For sink mode, 1µA to 100mA range, accuracy is ±(0.15% + offset*4). For 1A range, accuracy is ±(1.5%+ offset*8).

ADDITIONAL SOURCE SPECIFICATIONS

TRANSIENT RESPONSE TIME: 30µs typical for the output to recover to its spec. following a step change in load. Resistive load.
COMMAND PROCESSING TIME: Maximum time required for the output to begin to change following the receipt of

:SOURce:VOLTage|CURRent <nrf> command.

Autorange On: 10ms. Autorange Off: 7ms.

OUTPUT SETTLING TIME: Time required to reach 0.1% of final

value after command is processed. 100µs typical. Resistive load.

OUTPUT SLEW RATE: 0.5V/µs, 200V range, 100mA compliance. 0.08V/µs, 2V and 20V ranges, 100mA compliance.

Specifications A-7

2400-C SPECIFICATIONS (cont.)

DC FLOATING VOLTAGE: Output can be floated up to ±250VDC from chassis ground.
REMOTE SENSE: Up to 1V drop per load lead.
COMPLIANCE ACCURACY:Add 0.1% of range to base specification.
OVER TEMPERATURE PROTECTION: Internally sensed temperature overload puts unit in standby mode.
RANGE CHANGE OVERSHOOT: Overshoot into a fully resistive 100kΩ load, 10Hz to 1MHz BW, adjacent ranges, Smooth Mode:

(100mV) typical, except 20V/200V range boundary.

MINIMUM COMPLIANCE VALUE: 0.1% of range.
CONTACT CHECK: 2Ω 15Ω 50Ω

No contact check failure <1.00Ω <13.5Ω <47.5Ω
Always contact check failure >3.00Ω >16.5Ω >52.5Ω

MEASURE SPECIFICATIONS

1, 2

Voltage Measurement Accuracy (remote sense)

Max. Input Accuracy (23°C ± 5°C)

Range Resolution Resistance 1 Year,±(%rdg + volts)

200.000 mV 1 µV >10GΩ 0.012% + 300 µV

2.00000 V 10 µV >10GΩ 0.012% + 300 µV

20.0000 V 100 µV >10GΩ 0.015% + 1.5 mV

200.000 V 1mV >10GΩ 0.015% + 10 mV

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.

Current Measurement Accuracy (local or remote sense)

Max. Voltage Accuracy (23°C ±5°C)

Range Resolution *Burden

3

1 Y ear ,±(%rdg + amps)

1.00000 µA 10 pA < 1mV 0.029% + 300 pA

10.0000 µA 100 pA < 1mV 0.027% + 700 pA

100.000 µA 1 nA < 1mV 0.025% + 6 nA

1.00000 mA 10 nA < 1mV 0.027% + 60 nA

10.0000 mA 100 nA < 1mV 0.035% + 600 nA

100.000 mA 1 µA < 1mV 0.055% + 6 µA

1.00000 A 10 µA < 1mV 0.22 % + 570 µA

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.1 × accuracy specification)/°C.

Resistance Measurement Accuracy (4 wire remote sense)

Source I Mode,Auto Ohms

Max. Default Normal Accuracy (23°C ± 5°C) Enhanced Accuracy (23°C ± 5°C)

5

Range Resolution Test Current 1 Year,±(%rdg + ohms) 1 Year,±(%rdg + ohms)

<2.00000 Ω

4

1µΩ — Source I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

Measure I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

20.0000 Ω 100 µΩ 100 mA 0.098%+0.003 Ω 0.073% + 0.001 Ω

200.000 Ω 1mΩ 10 mA 0.077%+ 0.03 Ω 0.053% + 0.01 Ω

2.00000 kΩ 10 mΩ 1 mA 0.066%+ 0.3 Ω 0.045% + 0.1 Ω

20.0000 kΩ 100 mΩ 100 µA 0.063%+ 3 Ω 0.043% + 1 Ω

200.000 kΩ 1 Ω 10 µA 0.065%+ 30 Ω 0.046% + 10 Ω

2.00000MΩ 10 Ω 1 µA 0.11% + 300 Ω 0.049% + 100 Ω

20.0000MΩ 100 Ω 1 µA 0.11% + 1kΩ 0.052% + 500 Ω

200.000MΩ 1kΩ 100 nA 0.655%+ 10 kΩ 0.349% + 5000 Ω

>200.000MΩ

4

1MΩ — Source I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

Measure I

ACC

+ Measure V

ACC

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°–18°C & 28°–50°C): ±(0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C.
SOURCE I MODE, MANUAL OHMS:Total uncertainty = I source accuracy + Vmeasure accuracy (4-wire remote sense).
SOURCE V MODE: Total uncertainty = V source accuracy + I measure accuracy (4-wire remote sense).

A-8 Specifications

2400-C SPECIFICATIONS (cont.)

6-WIRE OHMS MODE: Available using active ohms guard and guard sense. Max.Guard Output Current: 50 mA (except 1A

range). Accuracy is load dependent. Refer to manual for calculation formula.

GUARD OUTPUT IMPEDANCE:0.1Ω in ohms mode.

1

Speed = Normal (1 PLC).

2

Accuracies apply to 2- or 4-wire mode when properly zeroed.

3

4-wire mode.

4

Manual ohms mode only.

5

Source readback enabled, offset compensation ON.

SYSTEM SPEEDS

MEASUREMENT

1

MAXIMUM RANGE CHANGE RATE:75/second.
MAXIMUM MEASURE AUTORANGE TIME: 40ms (fixed source)2.
SWEEP OPERATION3READING RATES (rdg/second) FOR 60Hz (50Hz):

Source-Measure

NPLC/Trigger Measure Source-Measure Pass/Fail Test

4

Source-Memory

4

Speed Origin To Mem. To GPIB To Mem. To GPIB To Mem. To GPIB To Mem. To GPIB

Fast 0.01 / internal 2125 (2010) 1000(1000) 1675 (1590) 900 (900) 1000 (990) 760(760) 200(185) 200 (185)

0.01 / external 1275 (1220) 910 (920) 1085 (1045) 830 (835) 940 (910) 710(710) 195 (180) 195 (180)

Medium 0.10 / internal 510 (435) 510 (435) 475 (410) 475 (410) 400 (355) 400(355) 155 (140) 155 (140)

0.10 / external 440 (380) 440 (380) 415 (365) 415 (365) 390 (345) 390(345) 150(135) 150 (135)

Normal 1.00 / internal 59 (49) 59 (49) 58 (48) 58 (48) 57 (48) 57 (48) 46 (39) 46 (39)

1.00 / external 57 (48) 57 (48) 57 (47) 57 (47) 56 (47) 56 (47) 46 (39) 46 (39)

SINGLE READING OPERATION READING RATES (rdg/second)FOR 60Hz (50Hz):

Measure Source-Measure

5

Source-Measure Pass/Fail Test

4,5

Speed NPLC/Trigger Origin To GPIB To GPIB To GPIB

Fast 0.01 / internal 200 (200) 65 (65) 65 (65)
Medium 0.10 / internal 160 (150) 60 (60) 60 (58)
Normal 1.00 / internal 46 (40) 31 (28) 30 (28)

COMPONENT HANDLER INTERFACE TIME:

4,6

Speed NPLC/T rigger Origin Measure Pass/Fail Test Source Pass/F ail Test Source-Measur e Pass/Fail Test

7

Fast 0.01 / external 0.96 ms (1.07 ms) 0.5 ms (0.5 ms) 4.0 ms (4.0 ms)
Medium 0.10 / external 2.5 ms (2.8 ms) 0.5 ms (0.5 ms) 5.5 ms (5.75 ms)
Normal 1.00 / external 17.5 ms (20.85 ms) 0.5 ms (0.5 ms) 20.5 ms (24 ms)

1

Reading rates applicable for voltage or current measurements. Auto zero off, autorange off, filter off, display off, trigger delay
= 0, source auto clear off, and binary reading format.

2

Purely resistive load. 1µA and 10µA ranges <65ms.

3

1000 point sweep was characterized with the source on a fixed range.

4

Pass/Fail test performed using one high limit and one low math limit.

5

Includes time to re-program source to a new level before making measurement.

6

Time from falling edge of START OF TEST signal to falling edge of END OF TEST signal.

7

Command processing time of :SOURce:VOLTage|CURRent:TRIGgered <nrf> command not included.