Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes,
cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be
defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in
Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation
prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at
least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express
written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, nonrechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to
follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created
for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered
sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision
of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes
a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 2304A-902-01) ...............................................................July 1999
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there
are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the
safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully before using the
product.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body
that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are
adequately trained.
Operators
proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel
the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The
procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Service personnel
Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector
jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when
voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that
users are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be
exposed to potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves
from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts,
of the circuit may be exposed.
As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter
measuring circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are Installation Category II.
All other instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to
switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle.
Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to
the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before:
connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring
use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and
are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products.
perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating, for example, setting
A good safety practice is to expect
no conductive part
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power
line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or
the safety of the equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications
and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground
connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation
requires the use of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in
the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact
with these voltages.
The
WARNING
read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The
CAUTION
invalidate the warranty.
heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always
heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the
power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses,
with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original
component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component,
call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only.
Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that
consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer)
should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Use the procedures in this section to verify that Model 2304A accuracy is within the limits
stated in the accuracy specifications. You can perform these verification procedures:
•When you first receive the unit to make sure that it was not damaged during shipment.
•To verify that the unit meets factory specifications.
•To determine if calibration is required.
•Following calibration to make sure it was performed properly.
WARNING
NOTE
The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel
only. Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.
If the power supply is still under warranty, and its performance is outside specified limits, contact your Keithley representative or the factory to determine the
correct course of action.
Verification test requirements
Be sure that you perform the verification tests:
•Under the proper environmental conditions.
•After the specified warm-up period.
•Using the correct line voltage.
•Using the proper test equipment.
•Using the specified output signals and reading limits.
Environmental conditions
Conduct your performance verification procedures in a test environment with:
•An ambient temperature of 18˚ to 28˚C (65˚ to 82˚F).
•A relative humidity of less than 70% unless otherwise noted.
Warm-up period
Allow the Model 2304A to warm up for at least one hour before conducting the verification
procedures.
If the unit has been subjected to extreme temperatures (those outside the ranges stated above),
allow additional time for the instrument’s internal temperature to stabilize. Typically, allow one
extra hour to stabilize a unit that is 10˚C (18˚F) outside the specified temperature range.
Also, allow the test equipment to warm up for the minimum time specified by the manufacturer.
Line power
Fi
1
4
The Model 2304A requires a line voltage of 100 to 240V and a line frequency of 50 to 60Hz.
Verification tests must be performed within this range.
Recommended test equipment
Table 1-1 summarizes recommended verification equipment. You can use alternate equipment
as long as that equipment has specifications at least four times better than the corresponding
Model 2304A specifications. Keep in mind, however, that test equipment accuracy will add to
the uncertainty of each measurement.
Table 1-1
Recommended verification equipment
DescriptionManufacturer/ModelSpecifications
Performance Verification1-3
Digital Multimeter
Precision Resistors (2)
Precision Resistors (4)
***Full-range, 90-day, 23˚C ±5˚C accuracy specifications of ranges required for various measurement points.
***Connect two 2Ω resistors in series to make single 4Ω resistor. Characterize resistor using 20kΩ range of DMM
before use.
***Connect four 4kΩ resistors in series-parallel to make 4kΩ resistor. Characterize resistor using 20kΩ range of
DMM before use.
Keithley 2001
Isotec RUG-Z-2R002
Dale PTF-56 .1%T13
DC Voltage*20V:±22ppm
Resistance*20
2
Ω
, 0.1%, 100W**
4k
Ω
, 0.1%, 0.125W***
Ω
:±59ppm
20k
Ω
:±36ppm
Resistor construction
4Ω resistor construction
The 4Ω resistor should be constructed by connecting the two 2Ω resistors listed in Table 1-1
in series. Make test and measurement connections across the combined series equivalent resistance. Figure 1-1 shows resistor construction and connections.
gure 1-
Ω
resistor construction
and connections
2304A Source +
2304A Sense +
2304A Sense 2304A Source -
DMM Input HI
2Ω 100W
2Ω 100W
DMM Input LO
1-4Performance Verification
Fi
2
4
4kΩ resistor construction
The 4kΩ resistor should be constructed from four 4kΩ resistors in a series-parallel
configuration, shown in Figure 1-2. Again, make test and measurement connections across the
combined equivalent series-parallel resistance.
gure 1-
kΩ resistor construction
Resistor characterization
The 4Ω and 4kΩ resistors should be characterized using the 4-wire ohms function of the
DMM recommended in Table 1-1 to measure the resistance values. Use the measured resistance
values to calculate the actual currents during the test procedures.
Verification limits
The verification limits stated in the following paragraphs have been calculated using only the
Model 2304A accuracy specifications, and they do not include test equipment uncertainty. If a
particular measurement falls outside the allowable range, recalculate new limits based both on
Model 2304A specifications and corresponding test equipment specifications.
Test/Measurement Terminals
4kΩ
R
1
4kΩ
R
2
R1 - R4 = Keithley R-263-4k
4kΩ
R
4kΩ
R
3
4
Example limits calculation
As an example of how verification limits are calculated, assume you are testing the power
supply using a 10V output value. Using the Model 2304A voltage output accuracy specification
of ±(0.05% of output + 10mV offset), the calculated output limits are:
Output limits = 10V ±[(10V
Output limits = 10V ±(0.005 + 0.01%)
Output limits = 10V ±0.015V
Output limits = 9.985V to 10.015V
×
0.05%) + 10mV]
Performance Verification1-5
Performing the verification test procedures
Test summary
•DC voltage output accuracy
•DC voltage readback accuracy
•DC current output accuracy
•DC current readback accuracy
•Digital voltmeter input accuracy
If the Model 2304A is not within specifications and not under warranty, see the calibration
procedures in Section 2 for information on calibrating the unit.
Test considerations
When performing the verification procedures:
•Make sure that the test equipment is properly warmed up and connected to the correct
Model 2304A terminals on the rear panel. Also, be sure the test equipment is set up for
the proper function and range.
•Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2304A through a scanner, multiplexer, or
other switching equipment.
•Be sure that the power supply output is turned on before making measurements.
•Allow the power supply output signal to settle before making a measurement.
Setting output values
When performing the verification procedures, you must set the output voltage and current to
specific values.
Use the following general procedure to set output values:
1.Using the DISPLAY key, make sure the unit is in the ACTUAL display mode.
2.Press SET. The LSD (least-significant digit) in the voltage display area will blink, indicating that the unit is in the output setting mode.
3.Use the edit (arrow) keys to adjust the voltage value, then press SET. The LSD for the
current value will then blink.
4.Use the edit keys to adjust the current value and press SET. The display will return to the
readback mode (no blinking digits).
Output voltage accuracy
Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2304A output voltage accuracy is within specified limits. This test involves setting the output voltage to specific values and measuring the voltages with a precision digital multimeter.
1.With the power off, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2304A OUTPUT
SOURCE terminals, as shown in Figure 1-3. Be sure to observe proper polarity
(SOURCE + to INPUT HI; SOURCE - to INPUT LO).
1-6Performance Verification
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
Fi
3
C
gure 1-
onnections for voltage
verification tests
PREV
DISPLAY
POWER
DCV ACV DCI ACIΩ2 Ω4
NEXT
REL TRIG
STORE RECALL
INFO LOCALEXIT ENTER
CHAN SCAN
Model 2001 DMM
FILTER MATH
CONFIG MENU
2001 MULTIMETER
FREQ TEMP
RANGE
AUTO
RANGE
Input HI
SENSE
Ω 4 WIRE
350V
PEAK
INPUTS
FR
FRONT/REAR
CAL
INPUT
HI
!
LO
2A 250V
AMPS
Input LO
1100V
PEAK
500V
PEAK
Source +Source -
DVM IN
LINE FUSE
SLOWBLOW
2.5A, 250V
LINE RATING
100-240VAC
50, 60 HZ
185VA MAX
+
RELAY
CONTROL
15VDC MAX
REMOTE
DISPLAY
OPTION
!
MADE IN
U.S.A.
ISOLATION FROM EARTH:
22 VOLTS MAX.
____
+++
SOURCE
SOURCE
SENSE
OUTPUT
0-20V, 0-5A
IEEE-488
(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS
WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)
Model 2304A
2.Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function and enable auto-ranging.
3.Make sure the Model 2304A output is turned on.
4.Verify output voltage accuracy for each of the voltages listed in Table 1-2. For each test
point:
• Use the SET key to adjust the Model 2304A output voltage to the indicated value.
When setting the voltage, set the compliance current to 5A.
• Allow the reading to settle.
• Verify that the multimeter reading is within the limits given in Table 1-2.
5.Repeat the procedure for negative output voltages with the same magnitude as those
listed in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2
Output voltage accuracy limits
Model 2304A output
voltage setting
5.00V
10.00V
15.00V
20.00V
Output voltage limits
(1 year, 18˚ to 28˚C)
04.9875 to 5.0125V
09.9850 to 10.015V
14.9825 to 15.0175V
19.9800 to 20.020V
Voltage readback accuracy
Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2304A voltage readback accuracy is within
specified limits. The test involves setting the source voltage to specific values, as measured by a
digital multimeter, and then verifying that the Model 2304A voltage readback readings are
within required limits.
1.With the power off, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2304A OUTPUT
SOURCE terminals, as shown in Figure 1-3. Be sure to observe proper polarity
(SOURCE + to INPUT HI; SOURCE - to INPUT LO).
2.Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function and enable auto-ranging.
3.Make sure actual voltage readings are being displayed (use DISPLAY) and turn on the
Model 2304A output.
4.Verify voltage readback accuracy for each of the voltages listed in Table 1-3. For each
test point:
• Use the SET key to adjust the Model 2304A output voltage to the indicated value as
measured by the digital multimeter. Note that it may not be possible to set the voltage
source precisely to the specified value. Use the closest possible setting and modify
reading limits accordingly. When setting the voltage, set the compliance current
to 5A.
• Allow the reading to settle.
• Verify that the actual voltage reading on the Model 2304A display is within the limits
given in the table.
5.Repeat the procedure for negative source voltages with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-3.
Performance Verification1-7
Table 1-3
Voltage readback accuracy limits
Model 2304A output
voltage setting*
5.00V
10.00V
15.00V
19.00V
*As measured by digital multimeter. See procedure.
Voltage readback limits
(1 year, 18˚ to 28˚C)
04.988 to 5.012V
09.985 to 10.015V
14.983 to 15.017V
18.981 to 19.019V
1-8Performance Verification
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
Fi
4
C
Compliance current accuracy
Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2304A compliance current accuracy is within
specified limits. The test involves setting the compliance current to specific values and determining the actual current by measuring the voltages across a characterized 4
sion digital multimeter.
Ω
resistor with a preci-
1.With the power off, connect the digital multimeter and 4
OUTPUT SOURCE terminals, as shown in Figure 1-4. Be sure to observe proper polarity (SOURCE + to INPUT HI; SOURCE - to INPUT LO). Also be sure to use 4-wire
connections from the Model 2304A to the resistor terminals.
2.Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function and enable auto-ranging.
3.Turn on the Model 2304A output.
gure 1-
onnections for output current
and 5A range verification tests
PREV
DCV ACV DCI ACIΩ2 Ω4
DISPLAY
NEXT
REL TRIG
POWER
STORE RECALL
INFO LOCALEXIT ENTER
CHAN SCAN
Model 2001 DMM
Note: Use 4-wire connections
to resistor terminals.
FILTER MATH
CONFIG MENU
2001 MULTIMETER
FREQ TEMP
RANGE
AUTO
RANGE
Input HI
SENSE
Ω 4 WIRE
350V
PEAK
INPUTS
FR
FRONT/REAR
CAL
Ω
resistor to the Model 2304A
INPUT
HI
!
LO
2A 250V
AMPS
Input LO
1100V
PEAK
500V
PEAK
4kΩ Resistor
Sense +Sense -
Source +Source -
DVM IN
LINE FUSE
SLOWBLOW
2.5A, 250V
LINE RATING
100-240VAC
50, 60 HZ
185VA MAX
+
RELAY
CONTROL
15VDC MAX
REMOTE
DISPLAY
OPTION
!
MADE IN
U.S.A.
ISOLATIONFROM EARTH:
22 VOLTS MAX.
____
+++
SOURCE SENSE
SOURCE
OUTPUT
0-20V, 0-5A
IEEE-488
(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS
WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)
Model 2304A
Performance Verification1-9
4.Verify compliance current accuracy for the currents listed in Table 1-4. For each test
point:
• Use the SET key to adjust the Model 2304A output voltage to 20V and set the com-
pliance current to the value being tested.
• Note and record the digital multimeter voltage reading.
Ω
• Calculate the current from the voltage reading and actual 4
• Verify that the current is within the limits given in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4
Compliance current accuracy limits
resistor value (I=V/R).
Model 2304A compliance
current setting
1.000A
2.000A
3.000A
4.000A
5.000A
Compliance current limits
(1 year, 18˚ to 28˚C)
0.993 to 1.007A
1.992 to 2.008A
2.990 to 3.010A
3.989 to 4.011A
4.987 to 5.013A
Current readback accuracy
Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2304A current readback accuracy is within
specified limits. The test involves setting the output current to specific values as measured with
a resistor and precision digital multimeter.
5A range readback accuracy
1.With the power off, connect the digital multimeter and 4Ω resistor to the Model 2304A
OUTPUT SOURCE terminals, as shown in Figure 1-4. Be sure to observe proper polarity (SOURCE + to INPUT HI; SOURCE - to INPUT LO). Also, be sure to use 4-wire
connections to the resistor terminals.
2.Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function and enable auto-ranging.
3.Using the Model 2304A MENU key, select the 5A readback range. Also make sure actual current readings are displayed (use DISPLAY).
4.Turn on the Model 2304A output.
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