Keithley 2010 User Manual
Model 2010 Multimeter
Quick Reference Guide
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
Model 2010 Multimeter
Quick Reference Guide
1996, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Second Printing, February 2001
Document Number: 2010-903-01 Rev. B
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of
all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The
Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual
undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are
released between Revisions, contain important change
information that the user should incorporate immediately
into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially.
When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated
with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated
into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision
includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document No. 2010-903-01) October 1996
Revision B (Document No. 2010-903-01) February 2001
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.
Table of Contents
Safety Precautions ...................................................... 1
Introduction ............................................................... 5
Front Panel Operation Summary ................................ 7
Remote Operation Summary .................................... 25
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed
before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would
normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are
situations where hazardous conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel
who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the
safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read
the operating information carefully before using the
product.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body
the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that
the equipment is operated within its specifications and
operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators
must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper
use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric
shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel
product to keep it operating, for example, setting the line
voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance
procedures are described in the manual. The procedures
explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Service personnel
perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only
properly trained service personnel may perform installation
and service procedures.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present.
Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or
test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels
is the individual or group responsible for
use the product for its intended function. They
perform routine procedures on the
are trained to work on live circuits, and
1
greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.
A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage
is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Users of this product must be protected from electric shock
at all times. The responsible body must ensure that users
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to
potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk
of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or
above 1000 volts,
exposed.
As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring
circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001,
2002, and 2010) are Installation Category II. All other
instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and
must not be connected to mains.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited
power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards
directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current
and voltage to the card.
no conductive part of the circuit may be
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is
connected to a properly grounded power receptacle.
Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for
possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables,
or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test
system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or
disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing
switching cards, or making internal changes, such as
installing or removing jumpers.
2
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path
to the common side of the circuit under test or power line
(earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands
while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or
the safety of the equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and
operating information, and as shown on the instrument or
test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type
and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground
connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while
power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation
requires the use of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground
using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user
!
should refer to the operating instructions located in the
manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source
or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined
effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard
safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these
voltages.
WARNING
The
might result in personal injury or death. Always read the
associated information very carefully before performing the
indicated procedure.
heading in a manual explains dangers that
3
The
CAUTION
could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate
the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to
humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line
cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire,
replacement components in mains circuits, including the
power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with
applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not
safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component.
(Note that selected parts should be purchased only through
Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability
of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments
office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water
based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only.
Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow
liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that
consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data
acquisition board for installation into a computer) should
never require cleaning if handled according to instructions.
If the board becomes contaminated and operation is
affected, the board should be returned to the factory for
proper cleaning/servicing.
heading in a manual explains hazards that
10/99
4
Introduction
This quick reference guide includes summary information on front panel and remote operation for the Model
2010 Multimeter. For detailed operating information,
consult the Model 2010 User’s Manual.
5
6
Front Panel
Operation Summary
Power-on defaults
Power-on defaults are those settings the instrument
assumes when it is turned on. The Model 2010 offers
two choices for the settings: user or factory. With user,
the instrument will power-on to the settings stored in
memory by the operator. With factory, the instrument
will power on to the factory default settings.
To save present configuration as user settings:
1. Configure the instrument as desired for USER
default.
2. Press SHIFT and then SAVE.
3. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select YES. Select NO if
you do not wish to change the user setup that is
stored in memory.
4. Press ENTER.
To restore factory or user settings:
1. Press SHIFT and then SETUP.
2. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select FACTory or USER.
3. Press ENTER.
NOTE: Factory default settings are listed in Table 2.
Instrument connections
Basic connections for Model 2010 measurements are
shown in Figure 1. These drawings show connections to
the front panel terminals (INPUTS switch in the FRONT
position). If using the rear panel terminals, place the
INPUTS switch in the REAR position. Note that current
(DCI and ACI) measurements cannot be made from the
rear panel terminals.
7
2000 MULTIMETER
RANGE
AUTO
RANGE
2000 MULTIMETER
RANGE
AUTO
RANGE
2000 MULTIMETER
RANGE
AUTO
RANGE
Model 2010
SENSE
INPUT
Ω 4 WIRE
HI
350V
!
PEAK
LO
INPUTS
F
R
FRONT/REAR
2A 250V
AMPS
Model 2010
SENSE
INPUT
Ω 4 WIRE
HI
350V
!
PEAK
LO
INPUTS
F
R
FRONT/REAR
2A 250V
AMPS
Model 2010
SENSE
INPUT
Ω 4 WIRE
HI
350V
!
PEAK
LO
INPUTS
F
R
FRONT/REAR
2A 250V
AMPS
1100V
PEAK
500V
PEAK
* Thermocouple (TC) Temperature
measurements are typically
performed through a thermocouple
scanner card, such as the Model 2001TCSCAN. See the User's Manual for details.
1100V
PEAK
500V
PEAK
1100V
PEAK
500V
PEAK
Measure DCV, ACV,
Ω2, FREQ (PERIOD)
or TC TEMP *
Measure
DCI or ACI
R
Measure
Ω4 or RTD TEMP
Figure 1. Basic measurement connections
For resistance measurements (Ω2 and Ω4) greater than
100kΩ, more stable readings can be achieved by using
shielding. Place the resistance in a shielded enclosure
and connect the shield to INPUT LO. Shielded cable
should be used so the shield (INPUT LO) encircles the
other cable conductor(s).
8
Maximum inputs for the Model 2010 are summarized in
Table 1.
Table 1. Maximum inputs
Function Maximum input
DCV 1000V peak
ACV 750V rms, 1000V peak, 8
DCI 3A, 250V dc
ACI 3A 250V rms
FREQ (PERIOD) 1000V peak, 8
×
107V•Hz
×
107V•Hz
Basic measurement procedure
1. Connect the instrument as explained in “Instrument
connections”.
2. From the function keys, select the desired measurement function.
3. Use the RANGE keys to select autoranging or a
manual range. Pressing the AUTO range key toggles autoranging. You can select a different range
with the ▲ and ▼ RANGE keys.
4. Take a reading from the display.
9
Storing readings (2 to 1024)
1. Set up the instrument for the desired configuration.
2. Press the STORE key.
3. Use the , , ▲, and ▼ keys to select the number
of readings to store in the buffer.
4. Press ENTER to start the storage process. The asterisk (*) annunciator will turn off when the storage is
finished.
Recalling readings
1. Press the RECALL key. The BUFFER annunciator
indicates stored readings are being displayed. The
arrow annunciator indicates there is more data in
the buffer.
2. Use the , , ▲, and ▼ keys to view the buffer.
Note that in addition to the readings, statistical data
is available including standard deviation, average,
minimum, and maximum.
3. Use the EXIT key to return to the normal display.
Changing speed, resolution, and filter
RATE
— Measurement speed (reading RATE) can be
changed for any measurement function except frequency, period, continuity, and diode test. Use the RATE
key to select FAST, MEDium, or SLOW. Use FAST (0.1
PLC) if speed is of primary importance (at the expense of
increased noise and fewer usable digits of resolution).
SLOW (5 PLC) provides better noise performance at the
expense of speed. MEDium (1 PLC) provides a compromise between noise and speed. The RATE setting also
sets bandwidth for ACU and ACI measurements. See the
2010 User’s Manual for details.
DIGITS
— Display resolution can be changed for any
measurement function. Use the DIGITS key to select the
desired number of digits.
10
FILTER
— Filter state (on/off) and configuration can be
changed for any measurement function, except frequency, period, continuity, and diode test. The FILTER
key toggles between filter on (FILT annunciator on) and
filter off. After pressing FILTER to enable the filter, you
can then enter the filter count (1 to 100), and select the
filter type (moving or repeating).
The moving filter uses a first-in, first-out (FIFO) stack.
After each new conversion is placed in the stack, the
contents of the stack are averaged to yield a filtered
reading. The repeating filter fills the stack, calculates the
filtered reading, and then clears the stack for the next
group of conversions.
Changing temperature measurement configuration
Press SHIFT and then SENSOR. Three choices are available using the , , ▲, and ▼ keys:
• UNITS – C, K, F. Specify units.
• SENSOR – TCOUPLE or 4W-RTD. Specify sensor
type.
• TYPE – J, K, N, T (thermocouple type) or PT100,
USER, PT3916, PT385, F100, D100 (4W-RTD type).
• JUNC – SIM or CH1. Simulate a reference junction
temperature (for direct thermocouple connection to
the input), or use reference junction (channel 1) on
the switching card.
Relative (rel)
Rel can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline
reading from present and future readings. When rel is
enabled by pressing REL (REL annunciator on), the
instrument uses the present readings as the relative
value. Subsequent readings will be the difference
between the actual input value and the rel value. You
can define a rel value for each function. Pressing REL a
second time disables rel.
11
Math
To enable and configure a math operation, press SHIFT
and then the desired math key (MX+B, %, dBm, or dB).
Use the , , ▲, and ▼ keys to configure the math
operation and press ENTER when finished. Pressing
SHIFT and then the related math key a second time disables the math operation.
mX+B
Y = mX + b
Where: X is the normal display reading.
m and b are the user entered constants.
Y is the displayed result.
Percent (%)
Input - Reference
Percent
-----------------------------------------Input
100%×=
Where: Input is the normal display reading.
Reference is the user entered constant.
Percent is the displayed result.
dBm
2
V
⁄()
INZREF
=
dBm 10 log
--------------------------------1mW
Where: VIN is the DC or AC input signal.
is the specified reference impedance.
Z
REF
dB
V
IN
12
---------------V
REF
dB 20 log
=
Where: VIN is the DC or AC input signal.
V
is the specified voltage reference
REF
impedance.
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