Keithley 2002 User Manual

Model 2002Multimeter
Calibration Manual
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
Model 2002 Multimeter
Calibration Manual
©1994, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Document Number: 2002-905-01 Rev. D
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revi­sions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are num­bered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 2002-905-01) ....................................................................................... April 1994
Addendum A(Document Number 2002-905-02)................................................................................. October 1995
Addendum A(Document Number 2002-905-03)....................................................................................... July 1996
Revision B (Document Number 2002-905-01) ........................................................................................ June 1998
Revision C (Document Number 2002-905-01) ...............................................................................November 2000
Revision D (Document Number 2002-905-01) ........................................................................................ May 2004
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some in­struments and accessories would normally be used with non-haz­ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog­nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions re­quired to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection pro­vided by the product may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en­suring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instru­ment. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are de­scribed in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser­vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O sig­nals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connect­ed to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over­voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless other­wise marked or described in the Manual.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS,
42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to ex-
pect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are pre­vented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human con­tact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of
the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con­necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim­it fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connect­ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power dis­connect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equip­ment and within easy reach of the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump­ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the com­mon side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip­ment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating informa­tion, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap­plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.
5/03
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea­sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.
The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor­mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instru­ments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se­lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in­structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af­fected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Table of Contents

1 Performance Verification
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Warm-up period .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.4 Line power .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.5 Recommended test equipment ............................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.6 Verification limits ............................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.6.1 Reading limit calculation example.............................................................................................................. 1-2
1.6.2 Additional derating factors.......................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.7 Restoring default conditions ............................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.8 Verification procedures....................................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.8.1 DC volts verification................................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.8.2 AC volts verification................................................................................................................................... 1-6
1.8.3 DC current verification ............................................................................................................................. 1-11
1.8.4 AC current verification ............................................................................................................................. 1-12
1.8.5 Resistance verification .............................................................................................................................. 1-13
1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification ............................................................................................................... 1-15
1.8.7 Temperature reading checks ..................................................................................................................... 1-17
2 Calibration
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Warm-up period .................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.4 Line power .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.5 Calibration lock................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock.................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock .......................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status .......................................................................................................... 2-2
2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands.................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.7 Calibration errors ................................................................................................................................................ 2-4
2.7.1 Front panel error reporting.......................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting...................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.8 Comprehensive calibration ................................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration.......................................................................... 2-4
2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration ....................................................................................................... 2-4
2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration................................................................................................... 2-9
2.9 AC self-calibration............................................................................................................................................ 2-12
2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration........................................................................................................................ 2-12
2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration ............................................................................................................ 2-13
i
2.10 Low-level calibration......................................................................................................................................... 2-13
2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration ................................................................................. 2-13
2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary................................................................................................................. 2-13
2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure.............................................................................................. 2-16
2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration procedure ......................................................................................... 2-20
2.11 Single-point calibration ..................................................................................................................................... 2-24
2.11.1 Front panel single-point calibration........................................................................................................... 2-24
2.11.2 IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration ...................................................................................................... 2-24
3 Calibration Command Reference
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Commands........................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Command summary..................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.3 :CALibration:PROTected Subsystem ................................................................................................................. 3-3
3.3.1 :INIT ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
3.3.2 :LOCK ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.3 :SWITch?..................................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.4 :SAVE.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.5 :DATA? ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.6 :DATE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3.7 :NDUE......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3.8 :DC .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-6
3.3.9 :LLEVel..................................................................................................................................................... 3-11
3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem............................................................................................................ 3-13
3.4.1 :ACCompensation ..................................................................................................................................... 3-13
3.5 Bus error reporting ............................................................................................................................................ 3-13
3.5.1 Calibration error summary ........................................................................................................................ 3-13
3.5.2 Detecting Calibration Errors...................................................................................................................... 3-13
3.6 Detecting calibration step completion ............................................................................................................... 3-14
3.6.1 Using the *OPC? Query ............................................................................................................................ 3-14
3.6.2 Using the *OPC command ........................................................................................................................ 3-14
3.6.3 Generating an SRQ on calibration complete ............................................................................................. 3-14
APPENDICES
A Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. A-1
B Calibration Programs .................................................................................................................................. B-1
C Calibration Messages.................................................................................................................................. C-1
D Calibration Command Summary................................................................................................................ D-1
ii

List of Illustrations

1 Performance Verification
Figure 1-1 Connections for DC volts verification ........................................................................................................ 1-5
Figure 1-2 Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz) .......................................................................... 1-7
Figure 1-3 Connections for 2MHz AC volts verification ............................................................................................. 1-7
Figure 1-4 Connections for DC current verification................................................................................................... 1-11
Figure 1-5 Connections for AC current verification................................................................................................... 1-12
Figure 1-6 Connections for resistance verification (20 -2M ranges)..................................................................... 1-14
Figure 1-7 Connections for resistance verification (20M and 200M ranges)....................................................... 1-14
Figure 1-8 1G resistor test box construction............................................................................................................ 1-15
Figure 1-9 Connections for frequency accuracy verification ..................................................................................... 1-16
2 Calibration
Figure 2-1 Low-thermal short connections................................................................................................................... 2-5
Figure 2-2 Calibrator connections for DC volts and ohms portion of comprehensive calibration............................... 2-6
Figure 2-3 Connections for amps comprehensive calibration ...................................................................................... 2-8
Figure 2-4 Calibrator voltage connections.................................................................................................................. 2-18
Figure 2-5 Synthesizer connections............................................................................................................................ 2-20
APPENDICES
Figure B-1 Low-thermal short connections.................................................................................................................. B-3
Figure B-2 Connections for comprehensive calibration............................................................................................... B-4
Figure B-3 Calibrator voltage connections................................................................................................................... B-4
Figure B-4 Calibrator current connections ................................................................................................................... B-4
Figure B-5 Synthesizer connections............................................................................................................................. B-5
iii
iv

List of Tables

1 Performance Verification
Table 1-1 Recommended Test Equipment for Performance Verification.................................................................. 1-3
Table 1-2 Limits for DCV verification....................................................................................................................... 1-5
Table 1-3 Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification....................................................................................... 1-8
Table 1-4 Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification........................................................................... 1-9
Table 1-5 Limits for AC peak voltage verification .................................................................................................. 1-10
Table 1-6 Limits for DC current verification ........................................................................................................... 1-11
Table 1-7 Limits for AC current verification ........................................................................................................... 1-13
Table 1-8 Limits for resistance verification (20 -200M ranges) ......................................................................... 1-15
Table 1-9 Limits for resistance verification (1G range)........................................................................................ 1-15
Table 1-10 Frequency verification limits ................................................................................................................... 1-16
Table 1-11 Thermocouple temperature reading checks ............................................................................................. 1-17
Table 1-12 RTD probe temperature reading checks................................................................................................... 1-18
2 Calibration
Table 2-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary .......................................................................................... 2-3
Table 2-2 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration......................................................................... 2-4
Table 2-3 Front panel comprehensive calibration summary ...................................................................................... 2-5
Table 2-4 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary.................................................................................. 2-9
Table 2-5 Ohms calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-11
Table 2-6 Amps calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-12
Table 2-7 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration................................................................................ 2-14
Table 2-8 Low-level calibration summary ............................................................................................................... 2-15
Table 2-9 Ohms calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-22
Table 2-10 Amps calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-22
3 Calibration Command Reference
Table 3-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary .......................................................................................... 3-2
Table 3-2 Comprehensive calibration commands ...................................................................................................... 3-6
Table 3-3 Low-level calibration commands............................................................................................................. 3-11
Appendices
Table B-1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration......................................................................... B-2
Table B-2 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration.................................................................................. B-2
Table C-1 Calibration error messages......................................................................................................................... C-2
Table C-2 Calibration constants returned by :CAL:PROT:DATA? query................................................................. C-4
Table D-1 Calibration commands ............................................................................................................................... D-1
v
vi
Performance Verification
1

1.1 Introduction

The procedures in this section are intended to verify that Model 2002 accuracy is within the limits stated in the instru­ment one-year accuracy specifications. These procedures can be performed when the instrument is first received to ensure that no damage or misadjustment has occurred during ship­ment. Verification may also be performed whenever there is a question of instrument accuracy, or following calibration, if desired.
NOTE
If the instrument is still under warranty, and its performance is outside specified limits, contact your Keithley representa­tive or the factory to determine the correct course of action.
This section includes the following:
1.2 Environmental conditions: Covers the temperature
and humidity limits for verification.
1.3 Warm-up period: Describes the length of time the
Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before testing.
1.4 Line power: Covers power line voltage ranges during
testing.
1.5 Recommended equipment: Summarizes recom-
mended equipment and pertinent specifications.
1.6 Verification limits: Explains how reading limits were
calculated.
1.7 Restoring factory default conditions: Gives step-by-
step procedures for restoring default conditions before each test procedure.
1.8 Verification procedures: Details procedures to verify
measurement accuracy of all Model 2002 measure­ment functions.

1.2 Environmental conditions

Verification measurements should be made at an ambient temperature of 18–28°C (65–82°F), and at a relative humid­ity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

1.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2002 must be allowed to warm up for the following time period before performing the verification procedures:
• DC volts and ohms: four hours
• AC volts, AC current, DC current: one hour
If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in paragraph 1.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) out­side the specified temperature range.
The test equipment should also be allowed to warm up for the minimum period specified by the manufacturer.
1-1
Performance Verification
×

1.4 Line power

The Model 2002 should be tested while operating from a line voltage in the range of 90–134V or 180–250V at a frequency of 50, 60, or 400Hz.

1.5 Recommended test equipment

Table 1-1 lists all test equipment required for verification. Alternate equipment may be used as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed in the table.
NOTE
The calibrator listed in Table 1-1 is suffi­ciently accurate to verify Model 2002 accuracy to total factory calibration uncer­tainty. It is not accurate enough to verify Model 2002 relative accuracy specifica­tions alone.
1.6 Verification limits
The verification limits stated in this section have been calcu­lated using the Model 2002 one-year relative accuracy spec­ifications and the total absolute uncertainty of the factory recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1). DCV, DCI, and ohms limits also include factory calibration uncertainty. (See specifications.) Those who are using calibration sources with better absolute uncertainty should recalculate the limits us­ing the Model 2002 relative accuracy specifications, the ab­solute uncertainty specifications of the calibration sources, and factory calibration uncertainty (DCV, DCI, and ohms).
1.6.1 Reading limit calculation example
As an example of how reading limits are calculated, assume that the 20VDC range is being tested using a 19V input val­ue, and the various specifications are as follows:
• Model 2002 relative accuracy: ±(10ppm of reading +
0.15ppm of range)
• Model 2002 factory calibration uncertainty: ±2.6ppm of reading
• Calibrator total absolute uncertainty at 19V output: ±5.4ppm
The calculated limits are:
Reading limits = 19V ± [(19V × (10ppm + 2.6ppm)) + (20V
0.15ppm) + 19V × 5.4ppm]
Reading limits = 19V ± 0.000345V
Reading limits = 18.999655V to 19.000345V
1.6.2 Additional derating factors
Certain functions and ranges are subject to certain derating factors that must be included when calculating reading limits. For example, coupling errors must be added to low­frequency AC limits, while AC voltage limits for inputs above 100V are subject to additional derating factors.
Always read the associated specification notes to determine if any derating factors apply before calculating reading limits.

1.7 Restoring default conditions

Before performing each performance verification procedure, restore instrument bench default conditions as follows:
1. From the normal display mode, press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following:
MAIN MENU
SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION
2. Select SAVESETUP, and press ENTER. The following will be displayed:
SETUP MENU
SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET
3. Select RESET, and press ENTER. The display will then appear as follows:
RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS
BENCH GPIB
4. Select BENCH, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:
RESETTING INSTRUMENT
ENTER to confirm; EXIT to abort
5. Press ENTER again to confirm instrument reset. The in­strument will return to the normal display with bench defaults restored.
1-2
Performance Verification
Table 1-1
Recommended Test Equipment for Performance Verification
Mfg. Model Description Specifications*
Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.
DC Voltage:
190mV: ±11ppm
1.9V: ±7ppm 19V: ±5ppm 190V: ±7ppm 1000V: ±9ppm
AC Voltage, 10Hz-1MHz
(40Hz-20kHz specifications): 190mV: ±150ppm
1.9V: ±78ppm 19V: ±78ppm 190V: ±85ppm 750V: ±85ppm (50Hz-1kHz)
DC current:
190µA: ±103ppm
1.9mA: ±55ppm 19mA: ±55ppm 190mA: ±65ppm
1.9A: ±96ppm
AC Current, 40Hz-10kHz
(40Hz-1kHz specifications): 190µA: ±245ppm
1.9mA: ±160ppm 19mA: ±160ppm 190mA: ±170ppm
1.9A: ±670ppm
Resistance:
19Ω: ±26ppm 190Ω: ±17ppm
1.9kΩ: ±12ppm 19kΩ: ±11ppm 190kΩ: ±13ppm
1.9MΩ: ±19ppm 19MΩ: ±47ppm 100MΩ: ±120ppm
Fluke 5725A Amplifier AC Voltage, 1kHz-10kHz:
Fluke 5700A-03 Wideband AC option 190mV ± 0.22%, 1.9V ± 0.3% @ 2MHz
Fluke 5440A-7002 Low-thermal cable set
Keithley CA-18-1 Low-capacitance cable Low-capacitance dual banana to dual banana shielded cable (for
Keithley R-289-1G 1GΩ resistor NOTE: Resistor should be characterized to within ±1,000ppm and
Metal component box (for 1GΩ resistor)
Banana plugs (2) for test box One insulated, one non-insulated.
Keithley 3940 Multifunction Synthesizer 1Hz-15MHz, ±5ppm
General Radio
Megaohmmeter 1GΩ, ±0.5%
* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total absolute uncertainty at specified output.
1433-T Precision Decade Resistance Box 10-400Ω, ±0.02%
750V: ±85ppm
ACV), 1.2m (4 ft.) in length.
mounted in shielded test box (see procedure).
1-3
Performance Verification
1.8 Verification procedures
The following paragraphs contain procedures for verifying instrument accuracy specifications for the following measur­ing functions:
• DC volts
• AC volts
• DC current
• AC current
• Resistance
• Frequency
• Temperature
NOTE
The following verification procedures are intended to verify the accuracy of the Model 2002 and include reading limits based on the Model 2002 relative accuracy specifications and the total uncertainty of the recommended calibrator. DCV, DCI, and ohms limits include factory calibra­tion uncertainty.
1.8.1 DC volts verification
DC voltage accuracy is verified by applying accurate DC voltages from a calibrator to the Model 2002 input and veri­fying that the displayed readings fall within specified ranges.
Follow the steps below to verify DCV measurement accuracy.
CAUTION
Do not exceed 1100V peak between IN­PUT HI and INPUT LO, or instrument damage may occur.
1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-1. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI and calibrator LO to Model 2002 INPUT LO as shown.
NOTE
Use shielded, low-thermal connections when testing the 200mV and 2V ranges to avoid errors caused by noise or thermal offsets. Connect the shield to calibrator output LO.
If the Model 2002 is out of specifications and not under war­ranty, refer to the calibration procedures in Section 2.
WARNING
The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between INPUT LO and chas­sis ground) is 500V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insula­tion, creating a shock hazard. Some of the procedures in this section may expose you to dangerous voltages. Use standard safety precautions when such dangerous voltages are encountered to avoid personal injury caused by electric shock.
NOTE
Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2002 through a scanner or other switching equipment.
2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a four-hour warm-up period before making measurements.
3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.
4. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCV. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging
parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.
G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.
5. Select the Model 2002 200mV DC range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)
NOTE
Do not use auto-ranging for any of the ver­ification tests because auto-range hystere­sis may cause the Model 2002 to be on an incorrect range.
1-4
Performance Verification
6. Set the calibrator output to 0.00000mVDC, and allow the reading to settle.
7. Enable the Model 2002 REL mode. Leave REL enabled for the remainder of the DC volts verification test.
8. Set the calibrator output to +190.00000mVDC, and allow the reading to settle.
9. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-2.
10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the remaining ranges and volt­ages listed in Table 1-2.
11. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with nega­tive voltages of the same magnitude as those listed in Table 1-2.
Input HI
Model 2002
Output HI
Table 1-2
Limits for DCV verification
2002 DCV Range
Applied DC Voltage
Reading Limits (1 year, 18° to 28°C)
200mV 190.000000mV 189.991911mV to 190.008089mV
2V 1.90000000V 1.89996058 to 1.90003942V
20V 19.0000000V 18.9996550V to 19.0003450V
200V 190.000000V 189.993691V to 190.006309V
1000V 1000.0000V 999.94640V to 1000.05360V
NOTES:
1. Repeat procedure for negative voltages of same magnitude.
2. Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see specifications).
5700A Calibrator (Output DC Voltage)
2002 MULTIMETER
Figure 1-1
Connections for DC volts verification
Input LO
Note : Use shielded, low-thermal cables when testing 200mV and 2V ranges.
Output LO
1-5
Performance Verification
1.8.2 AC volts verification
AC voltage accuracy is checked by applying accurate AC voltages at specific frequencies from an AC calibration source and then verifying that each Model 2002 AC voltage reading falls within the specified range. The two ACV verifi­cation procedures that follow include:
• Normal Mode
• Low-frequency Mode
CAUTION
Do not exceed 1100V peak between IN­PUT HI and INPUT LO, or 2 ×
7
10
V•Hz input, or instrument damage
may occur.
Normal mode
1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and amplifier, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.
2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect amplifier HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI and amplifier LO to Model 2002 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.
3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as ex­plained in paragraph 1.7.
4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.
NOTE
Do not use REL to null offsets when per­forming AC volts tests. Also, do not enable the filter.
5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a fre­quency of 100Hz, and allow the reading to settle.
6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-3.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for 190mVAC at the remaining fre­quencies listed in Table 1-3 (except 2MHz). Verify that instrument readings fall within the required limits listed in the table.
8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-3.
9. Connect the Model 2002 to the wideband calibrator out­put (see Figure 1-3).
10. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mV at a frequency of 2MHz.
11. Verify that the reading is within the limits shown in Table 1-3.
12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for 1.90000V input on the 2V range.
CAUTION
Do not attempt to test the 20V–1000V ranges at 2MHz.
1-6
Performance Verification
5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)
Model 2002
1.90000 VAC RMS
2001 MULTIMETER
Input HI
Output HI
Input LO
CA-18-1 Low-
capacitance cable
Figure 1-2
Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz)
BNC to dual
banana
50
terminator
Model 2002
Output LO
5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)
5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)
1.90000 VAC RMS
2002 MULTIMETER
50 Coax
Figure 1-3
Connections for 2MHz AC volts verification
5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)
Wideband
output
1-7
Performance Verification
Table 1-3
Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification
*
180.100mVto199.900mV
186.000mVto194.000mV
1.80100Vto1.99900V
1.86000Vto1.94000V
18.2000Vto19.8000V
***
188.525mVto191.475mV
1.88525Vto1.91475V
18.8525Vto19.1475V
to
190.607V
189.393V
189.830Vto190.170V
189.868Vto190.132V
*****
748.87Vto751.13V
190.115mV
1.89400Vto1.90600V
to
1.89885V
1.89933Vto1.90068V
189.400mVto190.600mV
to
189.885mV
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
189.933mVto190.068mV
1.90115V
18.9400Vto19.0600V
18.9837Vto19.0163V
18.9875Vto19.0125V
1-8
2002
Applied
ACV
100Hz 1kHz 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 200kHz 1MHz 2MHz
voltage
range
189.942mVto190.058mV
189.942mVto190.058mV
to
200mV 190.000mV 189.914mV
190.087mV
1.89942Vto1.90058V
1.89942Vto1.90058V
to
1.90087V
2V 1.90000V 1.89914V
18.9894Vto19.0106V
18.9913Vto19.0087V
to
19.0116V
20V 19.0000V 18.9885V
to
190.113V
189.887V
189.906Vto190.094V
to
190.122V
200V 190.000V 189.878V
749.02Vto750.98V
749.09Vto750.91V
V•Hz input.
to
7
751.02V
750V 750.00V 748.98V
** CAUTION: Do not exceed 2 × 10
** Use wideband option and connections for 2MHz tests.
NOTE: Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1). Reading limits also include the adder for AC Coupling of the input.
Performance Verification
Table 1-4
Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification
2002 ACV
range
Applied
voltage
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
10Hz 50Hz 100Hz
200mV 190.000mV 189.837mV
to
190.163mV
189.904mV
to
190.097mV
189.923mV to
190.077mV
2V 1.90000V 1.89875V
to
1.90125V
1.89923V to
1.90078V
1.89942V to
1.90058V
20V 19.0000V 18.9837V
to
19.0163V
18.9904V to
19.0097V
18.9913V to
19.0087V
200V 190.000V 189.849V
to
190.151V
189.906V to
190.094V
189.906V to
190.094V
750V 750.00V * 749.09V
to
750.91V
749.09V to
750.91V
* Recommended calibrator/amplifier cannot source this voltage/frequency. Notes:
1. Specifications above 100Hz are the same as normal mode.
2. Limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1).
Low-frequency mode
1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and amplifier, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.
2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the amplifier HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI and amplifier LO to Model 2002 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.
3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.
4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.
NOTE
Do not use REL to null offsets when per­forming AC volts tests. Also, do not enable the filter.
5. Select the low-frequency mode as follows: A. Press CONFIG ACV, select AC-TYPE, then press
ENTER. B. Select LOW-FREQ-RMS, then press ENTER. C. Press EXIT as required to return to normal display.
6. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a fre­quency of 10Hz, and allow the reading to settle.
7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-4.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 190mVAC at the remaining fre­quencies listed in the table.
9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-4.
1-9
Performance Verification
AC peak mode
1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and amplifier, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.
2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the amplifier HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI, and the amplifier LO to MODEL 2002 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.
3. Restore the Model 2002 factory default conditions.
4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.
NOTE
Do not use REL to null offsets when per­forming AC volts tests. Use AC coupling for 5kHz-1MHz tests. Use AC+DC cou­pling for 20Hz tests. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set up coupling).
5. Select the AC peak and filter modes as follows: A. Press CONFIG then ACV, select AC-TYPE, then
press ENTER.
B. Select PEAK, then press ENTER. C. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. D. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. E. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging
parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. F. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. G. If the FLT annunciator is off, press FILTER to
enable the filter.
6. Set the calibrator output to 100.000mVAC at a fre­quency of 5kHz, and allow the reading to settle.
7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-5.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 100mVAC at the remaining fre­quencies listed in the table.
9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-6.
CAUTION
Do not apply more than 400V at 50kHz, 80V at 250kHz, 40V at 500kHz, or 20V at 1MHz, or instrument damage may occur.
10. Set input coupling to AC+DC, then repeat the procedure for a 20Hz input signal.
Table 1-5
Limits for AC peak voltage verification
2002 ACV range
200mV 100mV 139.9mV
2V 1V 1.407V
20V 10V 13.99V
200V 100V 140.7V
Applied voltage*
20Hz† 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 250kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz
139.9mV
to
142.9mV
to
142.9mV
1.407V
to
1.421V
to
1.421V
13.99V
to
14.30V
to
14.30V
140.7V
to
142.2V
to
142.2V
750V 500V 701.3V
to
712.9V
** Calibrator voltage is given as an RMS value. Model 2002 reading limits are peak AC values.
** CAUTION: Do not apply more than 2 × 10 † Use AC+DC input coupling for 20Hz tests only. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set coupling.) NOTE: Limits shown include uncertainty of recommended calibrator.
7
V•Hz.
Allowable readings (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
139.9mV to
143.0mV
1.407V to
1.422V
13.98V to
14.30V
140.6V to
142.2V
701.0V
139.8mV to
143.0mV
1.406V to
1.422V
13.98V to
14.31V
140.6V to
142.3V
139.7mV to
143.2mV
1.405V to
1.424V
13.97V to
14.32V
140.5V to
142.4V
** ** ** ** ** **
to
713.2V
138.6mV to
144.2mV
1.394V to
1.434V
13.86V to
14.42V
136.5mV to
146.4mV
1.373V to
1.456V
13.65V to
14.64V
132.2mV to
150.6mV
1.330V to
1.498V
13.22V to
15.06V
** ** ** **
127.3mV to
155.5mV
1.281V to
1.547V
12.73V to
15.55V
1-10
Performance Verification
1.8.3 DC current verification
DC current accuracy is checked by applying accurate DC currents from a calibrator to the instrument AMPS input and then verifying that the current readings fall within appropri­ate limits.
Follow the steps below to verify DCI measurement accuracy.
CAUTION
Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the amps protection fuse will blow.
1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-4. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO as shown.
2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measure­ments. Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current output.
3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.
4. Set digital filter averaging as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCI. B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging
parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.
E. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.
5. Select the DC current function (DCI) and the 200µA range on the Model 2002. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)
6. Set the calibrator output to +190.0000µADC, and allow the reading to settle.
7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-6.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the remaining ranges and cur­rents listed in Table 1-6.
9. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with nega­tive currents of the same magnitude as those listed in Table 1-6.
Table 1-6
Limits for DC current verification
2002 DCI range
Applied DC current
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
200µA 190.0000µA 189.9010µA to 190.0990µA
2mA 1.900000mA 1.899114mA to 1.900886mA
20mA 19.00000mA 18.99085mA to 19.00915mA
200mA 190.0000mA 189.8816mA to 190.1184mA
2A 1.900000A 1.898108A to 1.901892A
NOTES:
1. Repeat procedure for negative currents.
2. Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recom-
mended calibrator (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see specifications).
Model 2002
19.00000 mADC
2002 MULTIMETER
Figure 1-4
Connections for DC current verification
Input LO
Amps
5700A Calibrator (Output DC Current)
Output HI
Output LO
Note: Be sure calibrator is set for
normal current output.
1-11
Performance Verification
1.8.4 AC current verification
AC current verification is performed by applying accurate AC currents at specific frequencies and then verifying that Model 2002 readings fall within specified limits.
Follow the steps below to verify ACI measurement accuracy.
CAUTION
Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the current protection fuse will blow.
1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-5. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO as shown.
Model 2002
190.000 µAAC RMS
2002 MULTIMETER
Input LO
Output HI
2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measure­ments. Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current output.
3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.
4. Select the AC current function and the 200µA range on the Model 2002.
5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000µA AC at a fre­quency of 40Hz, and allow the reading to settle.
6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits for the present current and frequency summarized in Table 1-7.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for each frequency listed in Table 1-7.
8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the remaining ranges and frequencies listed in Table 1-7.
5700A Calibrator (Output AC Current)
Figure 1-5
Connections for AC current verification
Amps
Output LO
Note: Be sure calibrator is set for
normal current output.
1-12
Table 1-7
Limits for AC current verification
Performance Verification
2002 ACI
range
200µA 190.000µA 188.260mV
2mA 1.90000mA 1.88355V
20mA 19.0000mA 18.8355V
200mA 190.000mA 188.355V
2A 1.90000A 1.88250V
NOTE: Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1).
Applied AC
current
40Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz
to
191.740mV
to
1.91645V
to
19.1645V
to
191.645V
to
1.91750V
1.8.5 Resistance verification
Resistance verification is performed by connecting accurate resistance values to the instrument and verifying that Model 2002 resistance readings are within stated limits.
Follow the steps below to verify resistance measurement accuracy.
CAUTION
Do not apply more than 1100V peak between INPUT HI and LO or more than 150V peak between SENSE HI and LO, or instrument damage may occur.
20 – 2M range verification
1. Using shielded 4-wire connections, connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-6. Be sure to connect calibrator HI and LO terminals to the Model 2002 HI and LO terminals (including SENSE HI and LO) as shown.
2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a four-hour warm-up period before making measurements.
3. Set the calibrator for 4-wire resistance (external sense on).
4. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
189.562mV to
190.439mV
1.89657V to
1.90344V
18.9657V to
19.0344V
189.657V to
190.344V
1.89552V to
1.90449V
5. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:
A. From normal display, press CONFIG then 4. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging
parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. G. Select OFFSETCOMP, then press ENTER. H. Select ON, then press ENTER. (Note that OFFSET-
COMP cannot be used with the 200k and 2M
ranges.) I. Press EXIT to return to normal display.
6. Select the 4 function, and place the instrument on the 20 range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)
7. Set the calibrator to output 19, and allow the reading to settle. Verify that the reading is within the limits stat­ed in Table 1-8.
Resistance values available in the Model 5700A calibrator may be slightly different than the stated nominal resistance values. Limits stated in Table 1-8 should be recal­culated based on actual calibrator resis­tance values.
189.210mV to
190.790mV
1.89742V to
1.90258V
18.9742V to
19.0258V
189.742V to
190.258V
1.89390V to
1.90610V
NOTE
189.020mV to
190.980mV
1.89742V to
1.90258V
18.9742V to
19.0258V
189.685V to
190.315V
1.89105V to
1.90895V
1-13
Performance Verification
8. Set the calibrator output to 190, and allow the reading
to settle.
9. Verify that the reading is within the limits stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if calibrator resistance is not exactly as listed.)
10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the 2k through 2M ranges
using the values listed in Table 1-8. (Do not use offset compensation for the 200k and 2M ranges.)
20M and 200M range verification
1. Connect the DC calibrator and Model 2002 using the 2­wire connections shown in Figure 1-7.
2. Set the calibrator to the 2-wire mode (external sense off).
3. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:
Sense HI
Sense HI
Model 2002
Input HI
1.90000000 kΩ OCmp
2002 MULTIMETER
Output HI
A. From normal display, press CONFIG then 2. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging
parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.
G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.
4. Select the Model 2002 2 function, and change to the 20M range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)
5. Set the calibrator to output 19M, and allow the reading to settle.
6. Verify that the reading is within the limits for the 20M range stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if actual calibrator resistance differs from value shown.)
7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for the 200M range (output 100M).
5700A Calibrator (Output 4-wire Resistance)
Input LO
Sense LO
Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable calibrator external sense mode.
Output LO
Figure 1-6
Connections for resistance verification (20Ω-2MΩ ranges)
Model 2002
Input HI
19.0000000 M
2002 MULTIMETER
Input LO
Note: Use shielded cable to minimize noise.
Disable calibrator external sense mode.
Figure 1-7
Connections for resistance verification (20MΩ and 200MΩ ranges)
Output HI
Output LO
Sense LO
5700A Calibrator (Output 2-Wire Resistance)
1-14
Performance Verification
Table 1-8
Limits for resistance verification (20Ω-200MΩ ranges)
Nominal 2002 range
applied
resistance
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
20 19 18.9985025 to 19.0014975 200 190 189.991277 to 190.008723 2k 1.9k 1.89994714k to 1.90005286k 20k 19k 18.9994638k to 19.0005362k 200k 190k 189.989313k to 190.010687k 2M 1.9M 1.89981109M to 1.90018891M 20M 19M 18.9940619M to 19.0059381M 200M100M 99.930910M to 100.069090M
Notes:
1. Limits shown include total absolute calibrator uncertainty (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see specifications), and are based on nominal calibration values shown. Recalculate limits using Model 2002 relative accuracy specifications, factory calibration uncer­tainty, and calibrator absolute uncertainty if calibrator resistance val­ues differ from nominal values shown.
2. Use 4-wire connections and function for 20Ω-2MΩ ranges. Use 2­wire connections and function for 20M and 200M ranges.
1G range verification
1. Mount the 1G resistor and the banana plugs to the test
box, as shown in Figure 1-8. Be sure to mount the banana plugs with the correct spacing. The resistor should be completely enclosed in and shielded by the metal test box. The resistor LO lead should be electri­cally connected to the test box to provide adequate shielding.
1G Resistor (Keithley part # R-289-1G)
Insulated
Plug
HI
0.75"
LO
Banana
Plugs
Non-insulated Plug
Note: Resistor must be accurately characterized before use (see text).
Metal
Test Box
Figure 1-8
1GΩ resistor test box construction
2. Characterize the 1G resistor to within ±1,000ppm or
better using an accurate megohm bridge or similar equipment. Record the characterized value where indi­cated in Table 1-9. Also compute the limits based on the value of R using the formula at the bottom of the table.
NOTE
The actual value of the 1G resistor should not exceed 1.05G.
3. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:
A. From normal display, press CONFIG then 2. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging
parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.
G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.
4. Select the 2-wire ohms function (2) and the 1G
range on the Model 2002. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)
5. Connect the 1G resistor test box (from steps 1 and 2)
to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2002. (Be sure that the box shield is connected to INPUT LO.) Allow the reading to settle.
6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits you calculated and recorded in Table 1-9.
Table 1-9
Limits for resistance verification (1GΩ range)
Characterized resistor (R)
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
_________ G _________ G to _________ G
* 1 year limits = R ± (0.002065R + 15,000) Where R = characterized value of 1G resistor in ohms.
1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification
Frequency accuracy verification is performed by connecting an accurate frequency source to Model 2002 inputs, and then verifying that the frequency readings are within stated limits.
Use the procedure below to verify the frequency measure­ment accuracy of the Model 2002.
1. Connect the frequency synthesizer to the Model 2002 INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 1-9.
2. Turn on both instruments, and allow a one-hour warm­up period before measurement.
1-15
Performance Verification
3. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows:
FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 5V p-p OFFSET: 0V MODE: CONT FCTN: sine
4. Restore Model 2002 factory defaults, as explained in paragraph 1.7.
5. Set maximum signal level to 10V as follows: A. Press CONFIG then FREQ. B. Select MAX-SIGNAL-LEVEL, then press ENTER. C. Choose 10V, then press ENTER. D. Press EXIT to return to normal display.
6. Press the FREQ key to select the frequency function.
7. Verify that the Model 2002 frequency reading is within the limits shown in the first line of Table 1-10.
BNC-to-Dual
Banana Plug
Model 2002
1.0000 MHz
Adapter
8. Set the synthesizer to each of the frequencies listed in Table 1-10, and verify that the Model 2002 frequency reading is within the required limits.
Table 1-10
Frequency verification limits
Synthesizer frequency
Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)
1Hz 0.9997Hz to 1.0003Hz
10Hz 9.9970Hz to 10.003Hz
100Hz 99.970Hz to 100.03Hz
1kHz 0.9997kHz to 1.0003kHz
10kHz 9.9970kHz to 10.003kHz
100kHz 99.970kHz to 100.03kHz
1MHz 0.9997MHz to 1.0003MHz
10MHz 9.9970MHz to 10.003MHz
15MHz 14.996MHz to 15.004MHz
Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer
Main
Function
Output
Figure 1-9
Connections for frequency accuracy verification
1-16
50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable
Performance Verification
1.8.7 Temperature reading checks
When using thermocouples, the Model 2002 displays tem­perature by measuring the DC thermocouple voltage, and then calculating the corresponding temperature. Similarly, the instrument computes RTD temperature readings by mea­suring the resistance of the RTD probe and calculating tem­perature from the resistance value.
Since the instrument computes temperature from DCV and resistance measurements, verifying the accuracy of those DCV and resistance measurement functions guarantees the accuracy of corresponding temperature measurements. Thus, it is not necessary to perform a comprehensive temper­ature verification procedure if DCV and resistance verifica­tion procedures show the instrument meets its specifications in those areas. However, those who wish to verify that the Model 2002 does in fact properly display temperature can use the following procedure to do so.
Selecting the temperature sensor
Follow the steps below to select the type of temperature sensor:
1. From normal display, press CONFIG then TEMP.
2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER.
3. Select 4-WIRE-RTD or THERMOCOUPLE as desired, then press ENTER.
4. Select the type of RTD probe or thermocouple you wish to test, then return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu.
5. Select UNITS, then press ENTER.
6. Select DEG-C, then press ENTER.
7. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.
8. Press the TEMP key to place the Model 2002 in the tem­perature display mode. Refer to further information below on how to check thermocouple and RTD probe readings.
Thermocouple temperature reading checks
To check thermocouple readings, simply apply the appropri­ate DC voltage listed in Table 1-11 to the Model 2002 INPUT jacks using a precision DC voltage source (such as the one used to verify DC voltage accuracy in paragraph 1.8.1), and check the displayed temperature reading. Be sure to use low­thermal cables for connections between the DC calibrator and the Model 2002 when making these tests.
NOTE
The voltages shown are based on a 0°C reference junction temperature. Use the
CONFIG-TEMP menu to set the default reference junction temperature to 0°C.
Table 1-11
Thermocouple temperature reading checks
Reading limits Thermocouple type
J -7.659mV
K -5.730mV
T -5.439mV
E -8.561mV
R 0.054mV
S 0.055mV
B 0.632mV
* Voltages shown are based on ITS-90 standard using 0°C reference junction temperature. Use CONFIG-TEMP menu to set default reference junction to 0°C. NOTE: Reading limits shown do not include DCV calibrator uncertainty.
Applied DC voltage*
0mV
1.277mV
5.269mV
42.280mV
0mV
1.000mV
4.096mV
54.138mV
0mV
0.992mV
4.278mV
20.255mV
0mV
1.495mV
6.319mV
75.621mV
0.647mV
4.471mV
20.877mV
0.646mV
4.233mV
18.503mV
1.241mV
4.834mV
13.591mV
(°C) 1 year,
18°C to 28°C
-190.5 to -189.5
-0.5 to +0.5
24.5 to 25.5
99.5 to 100.5
749.5 to 750.0
-190.5 to -189.5
-0.5 to +0.5
24.5 to 25.5
99.5 to 100.5
1349.5 to 1350.5
-190.5 to -189.5
-0.5 to +0.5
24.5 to 25.5
99.5 to 100.5
389.5 to 390.5
-190.6 to -189.4
-0.6 to +0.6
24.4 to 25.6
99.4 to 100.6
989.4 to 990.6
7 to 13
97 to 103
497 to 503
1747 to 1753
7 to 13
97 to 103
497 to 503
1747 to 1753
355 to 365
495 to 505
995 to 1005
1795 to 1805
1-17
Performance Verification
RTD temperature reading checks
Use a precision decade resistance box (see Table 1-1) to sim­ulate probe resistances at various temperatures (Table 1-12). Be sure to use 4-wire connections between the decade resis­tance box and the Model 2002.
Table 1-12
RTD probe temperature reading checks
Reading limits RTD probe type
PT385 (α=0.00385)
PT392 (α=0.00392)
NOTE: Reading limits shown do not include uncertainty of resistance standards.
Applied resistance
22.80
60.25 100
109.73
138.50
313.59
63.68 100
109.90
139.16
266.94
(°C) 1 year,
18°C to 28°C
-190.068 to -189.932
-100.021 to -99.979
-0.021 to +0.021
24.979 to 25.021
99.979 to 100.021
599.932 to 600.068
-90.021 to -89.979
-0.021 to +0.021
24.979 to 25.021
99.979 to 100.021
449.932 to 450.068
1-18
2

Calibration

2.1 Introduction

This section gives detailed procedures for calibrating the Model 2002. Basically, there are three types of calibration procedures:
• Comprehensive calibration
• AC self-calibration
• Low-level calibration
Comprehensive calibration requires accurate calibration equipment to supply precise DC voltages, DC currents, and resistance values. AC self-calibration requires no external equipment and can be performed at any time by the operator. Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the fac­tory when the instrument is manufactured and is not usually required in the field.
NOTE
Low-level calibration is required in the field only if the Model 2002 has been repaired, or if the other calibration proce­dures cannot bring the instrument within stated specifications.
A single-point calibration feature is also available to allow the user to calibrate a single function or range without having to perform the entire calibration procedure.
Section 2 includes the following information:
2.2 Environmental conditions: States the temperature
and humidity limits for calibration.
2.3 Warm-up period: Discusses the length of time the
Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before calibration.
2.4 Line power: States the power line voltage limits when
calibrating the unit.
2.5 Calibration lock: Explains how to unlock calibration
with the CAL switch.
2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands: Summarizes
bus commands used for calibration, lists a simple cal­ibration program, and also discusses other important aspects of calibrating the instrument over the bus.
2.7 Calibration errors: Details front panel error messages
that might occur during calibration and also explains how to check for errors over the bus.
2.8 Comprehensive calibration: Covers comprehensive
(user) calibration from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.
2.9 AC self-calibration: Discusses the AC user calibra-
tion process, both from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.
2.10 Low-level calibration: Explains how to perform the
low-level calibration procedure, which is normally required only at the factory.
2.11 Single-point calibration: Outlines the basic methods
for calibrating only a single function or range instead of having to go through the entire calibration procedure.
2-1
Calibration

2.2 Environmental conditions

Calibration procedures should be performed at an ambient temperature of 23° ± 5°C, and at a relative humidity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.
NOTE
If the instrument is normally used over a different ambient temperature range, cali­brate the instrument at the center of that temperature range.
If the internal temperature of the Model 2002 drifts exces­sively during calibration, an error will be generated. See Appendix C for additional information.

2.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2002 must be allowed to warm up for at least four hours before calibration. If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in para­graph 2.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature range.
NOTE
Placement of the OPTION SLOT cover affects the internal temperature of the Model 2002. To achieve T ifications, the OPTION SLOT cover must be in the same position (on or off) as when the Model 2002 is to be used.
The calibration equipment should also be allowed to warm up for the minimum period specified by the manufacturer.
± 1°C spec-
CAL

2.4 Line power

The Model 2002 should be calibrated while operating from a line voltage in the range of 90-134V or 180-250V at 50, 60, or 400Hz.
If you attempt comprehensive or low-level calibration with­out performing the unlocking procedure, the following mes­sage will be displayed:
CALIBRATION LOCKED
Press the CAL switch to unlock.
Note that it is not necessary to unlock calibration for the AC­only self-calibration procedure. Also, IEEE-488 bus calibra­tion command queries such as the :DATE and :DATA com­mands are not protected by the calibration lock.
2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock
To unlock low-level calibration, press in and hold the CAL switch while turning on the power. Low-level calibration can then be performed.
NOTE
Do not unlock low-level calibration unless you have the appropriate equipment and intend to perform low-level calibration. See paragraph 2.10 for low-level calibra­tion details.
2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status
You can determine the status of either calibration lock over the bus by using the appropriate query. To determine com­prehensive calibration lock status, send the following query:
:CAL:PROT:SWIT?
The instrument will respond with the calibration lock status:
0: comprehensive calibration locked 1: comprehensive calibration unlocked
To determine the status of the low-level calibration lock, send the following query:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?
Responses to this calibration lock query include:
0: low-level calibration locked 1: low-level calibration unlocked

2.5 Calibration lock

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock
Before performing comprehensive calibration, you must first unlock calibration by momentarily pressing in on the recessed CAL switch. The instrument will display the fol­lowing message:
CALIBRATION UNLOCKED
Calibration can now be performed
2-2
Refer to paragraph 2.6 below and Section 3 for more details on calibration commands.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands

Table 2-1 summarizes calibration commands used to cali­brate the instrument over the IEEE-488 bus (GPIB).
Table 2-1
IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary
Command Description
:CALibration
:PROTected
:INITiate :LOCK :SWITch? :SAVE :DATA? :DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :DATE? :NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :NDUE? :DC
:ZERO :V2 <NRf> :V20 <NRf> :OHM1M <NRf> :OHM200K <NRf> :OHM20K <NRf> :OHM2K <NRf> :OHM200 <NRf> :OHM20 <NRf> :A200U <NRf> :A2M <NRf> :A20M <NRf> :A200M <NRf> :A2 <NRf> :OPEN
:LLEVel
:SWITch?
Calibration root command.
All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch (except queries).
Initiate calibration. Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch). Request comprehensive CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked) Save cal constants to EEROM. Download cal constants from 2002. Send cal date to 2002. Request cal date from 2002. Send next due cal date to 2002. Request next due cal date from 2002. Comprehensive calibration subsystem.
Short-circuit calibration step. +2V DC calibration step. +20V DC calibration step. 1M calibration step. 200k calibration step. 20k calibration step. 2k calibration step.
200 calibration step. 20 calibration step. 200µA DC calibration step. 2mA DC calibration step. 20mA DC calibration step. 200mA DC calibration step. 2A DC calibration step. Open circuit calibration step.
Low-level calibration subsystem.
Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)
:STEP <Step #>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13
:UNPRotected
:ACCompensation
NOTE: Upper-case letters indicate short form of each command. For example, instead of sending ":CALibration:PROTected:INITiate", send ":CAL:PROT:INIT".
20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz
1.5V AC at 1kHz step. 200mV AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.
0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +100V DC step.
-20V DC step. Rear inputs short-circuit step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. 2V AC at 1Hz step.
Commands in this subsystem not protected by CAL switch.
Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)
Calibration
2-3
Calibration

2.7 Calibration errors

The Model 2002 checks for errors after each calibration step, minimizing the possibility that improper calibration may occur due to operator error. The following paragraphs dis­cuss both front panel and bus error reporting.
2.7.1 Front panel error reporting
If an error is detected during comprehensive calibration, the instrument will display an appropriate error message (see Appendix C).
2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting
You can detect errors over the bus by testing the state of EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) in the status byte. (Use the *STB? query or serial polling to request the status byte.) If you wish to generate an SRQ (Service Request) on errors, send "*SRE 4" to the instrument to enable SRQ on errors.
You can query the instrument for the type of error by using the ":SYSTem:ERRor?" query. The Model 2002 will re­spond with the error number and a text message describing the nature of the error. Appendix C summarizes calibration errors.
2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration
Table 2-2 lists all test equipment recommended for compre­hensive calibration. Alternate equipment (such as a DC transfer standard and characterized resistors) may be used as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed in the table.
Table 2-2
Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration
Mfg. Model Description Specifications*
Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic
uncertainty.
DC Voltage:
2V: ±7ppm 20V: ±5ppm
Resistance:
19: ±26ppm 190: ±17ppm
1.9k: ±11ppm 19k: ±11ppm 100k: ±13ppm 1M: ±18ppm

2.8 Comprehensive calibration

The comprehensive calibration procedure calibrates the DCV, DCI, and ohms functions. At the end of the front panel calibration procedure, AC self-calibration is also performed to complete the calibration process.
Comprehensive calibration should be performed at least once a year, or every 90 days to ensure the unit meets the cor­responding specifications.
The comprehensive calibration procedure covered in this paragraph is normally the only calibration required in the field. However, if the unit has been repaired, you should per­form the low-level calibration procedure explained in para­graph 2.10.
DC Current:
200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm
Keithley 8610 Low-thermal
shorting plug
* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at spec­ified output.
2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration
Follow the steps below to calibrate the Model 2002 from the front panel. Refer to paragraph 2.8.3 below for the procedure to calibrate the unit over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-3 sum­marizes the front panel calibration procedure.
2-4
Calibration
Figure 2-1
Low-thermal short connections
Model 2002
S+ HI
LOS-
Model 8610 Low-thermal short
Table 2-3
Front panel comprehensive calibration summary
Equipment/
Step Description
1
Warm-up, unlock calibration
2
DC Zero calibration
3
+2V DC calibration
4
+20V DC calibration
5
1M calibration
6
200k calibration
7
20k calibration
8
2k calibration
9
200 calibration
10
20 calibration
11
200µA DC calibration
12
2mA DC calibration
13
20mA DC calibration
14
200mA DC calibration
15
2A DC calibration
16
Open-circuit calibration
17
AC self-calibration
18
Enter calibration dates
19
Save calibration constants
connections
None Low-thermal short DCV calibrator DCV calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator Disconnect leads Disconnect leads None None
2. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instru­ment INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.
NOTE
Be sure to connect the low-thermal short properly to the HI, LO, and SENSE termi­nals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.
3. Press ENTER. The instrument will then begin DC zero calibration. While calibration is in progress, the follow­ing will be displayed:
Performing Short Ckt Calibration
Procedure
Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration
1. Turn on the power, and allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.
2. Unlock comprehensive calibration by briefly pressing in on the recessed front panel CAL switch, and verify that the following message is displayed:
CALIBRATION UNLOCKED
Calibration can now be performed
3. Enter the front panel calibration menu as follows: A. From normal display, press MENU. B. Select CALIBRATION, and press ENTER. C. Select COMPREHENSIVE, then press ENTER.
4. At this point, the instrument will display the following message:
DC CALIBRATION PHASE
Step 2: DC zero calibration
1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the follow­ing prompt.
SHORT CIRCUIT INPUTS
Step 3: DC volts calibration
1. When the DC zero calibration step is completed, the fol­lowing message will be displayed:
CONNECT 2 VDC
2. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.
NOTE
Although 4-wire connections are shown, the sense leads are connected and discon­nected at various points in the procedure by turning calibrator external sense on or off as appropriate. If your calibrator does not have provisions for turning external sense on and off, disconnect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned off, and connect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned on.
2-5
Calibration
3. Set the calibrator output to +2.000000V, and turn exter­nal sense off. Wait at least three minutes for thermal equilibrium.
4. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the presently selected calibration voltage:
INPUT = 2.00000000 V
(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 0.95 to 2.05V if your calibrator cannot source 2V.)
NOTE
For best results, it is recommended that you use the stated calibration values throughout the procedure whenever possible.
5. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the follow­ing during calibration:
Sense HI
Sense HI
Model 2002
Input HI
Performing 2 VDC Calibration
6. After completing 2VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:
CONNECT 20 VDC
7. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.000000V.
8. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the calibration voltage:
INPUT = 20.0000000
(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 9.5 to 20.5V if your calibrator cannot source 20V.)
9. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is performing 20V DC calibration:
Performing 20 VDC Calibration
5700A Calibrator
Output HI
Input LO
Sense LO
Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure.
Output LO
Sense LO
Figure 2-2
Calibrator connections for DC volts and ohms portion of comprehensive calibration
2-6
Calibration
Step 5: Ohms calibration
1. After completing 20VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:
CONNECT 1 M 4W
2. Set the calibrator output to 1.00000M, and make sure that external sense is turned on.
NOTE
Use external sensing (4-wire ohms) when calibrating all resistance ranges. Be sure that the calibrator external sense mode is on.
3. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:
INPUT = 1.0000000 M
4. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance val­ue displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range is from 475k to 1.025M.)
5. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 1M calibration:
Performing 1 M Calibration
6. After completing 1M calibration, the instrument will display the following:
CONNECT 100 k 4W
7. Set the calibrator output to 100k, and make sure that external sense is turned on.
8. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:
INPUT = 100.00000 k
9. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance val­ue displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range for this parameter is from 95k to 205k.)
10. Press ENTER to complete the 200k calibration step.
11. Repeat steps 7 through 10 for the 20k, 2k, 200, and 20 ranges in that order. Be sure to set the calibrator to the correct resistance value, and adjust the Model 2002 display to agree with the calibrator value.
Calibration step
2M 200k 20k 2k 200 20
* Nominal values shown. Use exact calibrator value.
Calibration value* Allowable range
1M 100k 19k
1.9k 190 19
475k to 1.025M 95k to 205k
9.5k to 20.5k
0.95k to 2.05k 95 to 205
9.5 to 20.5
Step 6: DC amps calibration
1. After ohms calibration is completed, the instrument will prompt you for the first DC amps calibration step:
CONNECT 200 µADC
2. Connect the DC amps calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals (see Figure 2-3).
3. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and make sure the unit is in operate. (The allowable range is from 95µA to 205µA.)
4. Be sure that the displayed current matches the calibra­tion value, then press ENTER to complete this calibra­tion step.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the remaining amps calibration points as follows:
Calibration step
200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A
Calibration current Allowable range
200.000µA
2.00000mA
20.0000mA
200.0000mA
1.00000A
95µA to 205µA
0.95mA to 2.05mA
9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA
0.95A to 2.05A
2-7
Calibration
5700A Calibrator
Model 2002
2002 MULTIMETER
Input LO
Amps
Output HI
Output LO
Figure 2-3
Connections for amps comprehensive calibration
Step 7: Open-circuit calibration
1. At this point, the instrument will display the following message advising you to disconnect test leads:
OPEN CIRCUIT INPUTS
2. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and AMPS jacks, then press ENTER. During this calibration phase, the instrument will display the following:
Performing Open Ckt Calibration
Step 8: AC self-calibration
1. After open-circuit calibration, the instrument will dis­play the following message:
AC CALIBRATION PHASE
2. Make sure all test leads are still disconnected from the Model 2002 INPUT and SENSE jacks.
3. Press ENTER to perform AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibra­tion, the instrument will display the following:
Calibrating AC: Please wait
4. When AC calibration is finished, the instrument will dis­play the following:
AC CAL COMPLETE
Note: Be sure calibrator is set for normal current output.
Step 9: Enter calibration dates
1. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument prompts you to enter the present calibration date:
CAL DATE: 01/01/94
2. Use the cursor and range keys to enter the current date as the calibration date, then press ENTER. Press ENTER again to confirm the date as being correct.
3. The instrument will then prompt you to enter the due date for next calibration:
NEXT CAL: 01/01/95
4. Use the cursor and range keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER a second time to con­firm your selection.
Step 10: Save calibration constants
1. At the end of a successful calibration cycle, the instru­ment will display the following:
CALIBRATION COMPLETE
2. If you wish to save calibration constants from the proce­dure just completed, press ENTER. Assuming the cali­bration was successful, the unit will display the following:
CALIBRATION SUCCESS
3. If you do not want to save calibration constants from the procedure just completed and wish instead to restore previous constants, cycle power to the unit.
4. Press EXIT to return to normal display after calibration.
2-8
Calibration
NOTE
Valid calibration constants will be saved, and comprehensive calibration will be au­tomatically locked out after the calibration procedure has been completed.
Table 2-4
IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary
Step Description IEEE-488 bus command*
Warm-up, unlock calibration
1
Initiate calibration
2
DC Zero calibration
3
+2VDC calibration
4
+20VDC calibration
5
1M calibration
6
200k calibration
7
20k calibration
8
2k calibration
9
200 calibration
10
20 calibration
11
200µA calibration
12
2mA calibration
13
20mA calibration
14
200mA calibration
15
2A calibration
16
Open-circuit calibration
17
Perform user AC cal
18
Save calibration dates
19
Save calibration constants
20
Lock out calibration
21
* For resistance calibration points, use exact calibrator value for command parameter instead of nominal parameter shown.
2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration
Follow the procedure outlined below to perform comprehen­sive calibration over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-4 summa­rizes the calibration procedure and bus commands. See Appendix B for example calibration programs.
:CAL:PROT:INIT :CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO :CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2 :CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1 :CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN :CAL:UNPR:ACC :CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:DC:SAVE :CAL:PROT:LOCK
2-9
Calibration
Procedure
Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration
1. Connect the Model 2002 to the IEEE-488 bus of the computer using a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Model 7007.
2. Turn on the power, and allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.
3. Unlock calibration by briefly pressing in on the recessed front panel CAL switch, and verify that the following message is displayed:
CALIBRATION UNLOCKED
Calibration can now be performed
NOTE
You can query the instrument for the state of the comprehensive CAL switch by us­ing the following query:
:CAL:PROT:SWIT?
A returned value of 0 indicates that cali­bration is locked, while a returned value of 1 shows that calibration is unlocked.
4. Make sure the primary address of the Model 2002 is the same as the address specified in the program you will be using to send commands.
5. Send the following command over the bus to initiate calibration:
:CAL:PROT:INIT
3. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this calibration step before proceeding. (You can use the *OPC or *OPC? commands to determine when calibration steps end, as discussed in paragraph 3.6 in Section 3.)
Step 3: DC Volts Calibration
1. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.
NOTE
Although 4-wire connections are shown, the sense leads are connected and discon­nected at various points in the procedure by turning calibrator external sense on or off as appropriate. If your calibrator does not have provisions for turning external sense on and off, disconnect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned off, and connect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned on.
2. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off. Wait at least three minutes for ther­mal equilibrium.
3. Send the following command to the Model 2002 over the IEEE-488 bus:
:CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2
(Be sure to use the exact calibration value as the command parameter if you are using a voltage other than 2V. The allowable range from is 0.95V to 2.05V.)
Step 2: DC zero calibration
1. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instru­ment INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to al­low for thermal equilibrium.
NOTE
Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.
2. Send the following command over the bus:
:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO
2-10
NOTE
For best results, use the calibration values given in this procedure whenever possible.
4. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this step before going on.
NOTE
You can check for errors after each cali­bration step by sending the :SYST:ERR? query to the instrument. See paragraph
2.7.2.
5. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V.
6. Send the following command to the instrument:
:CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20
Calibration
(Send the actual calibration value in the range of 9.5V to
20.5V if you are using a different voltage.)
7. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this step before going on.
Step 4: Ohms calibration
1. Set the calibrator output to 1M, and turn external sense on.
NOTE
External sensing (4-wire ohms) should be used when calibrating all resistance ranges.
2. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M <value>
Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 1.002M, the com­mand would appear as follows:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1.002E6
(The allowable range for this parameter is from 475E3 to
1.025E6.)
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each of the remaining ohms cal­ibration points as shown in Table 2-5.
Step 5: Amps calibration
1. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks, as shown in Figure 2-3.
2. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and place the unit in operate.
3. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6
If you are using a different calibration value, be sure to sub­stitute that value for the parameter shown above. (The allow­able range is from 95µA to 205µA.)
Wait for the instrument to complete this step before continuing.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the remaining amps calibration points shown in Table 2-6.
Step 6. Open-circuit calibration
1. Disconnect all test leads from the Model 2002 INPUT and AMPS jacks.
2. Send the following command to the instrument:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN
3. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes 1M calibration be-
fore continuing.
4. Set the calibrator resistance to 100k, and make sure
external sense is still turned on.
Table 2-5
Ohms calibration summary
Cal point
2M 200k 20k 2k 200 20
* Nominal resistance values shown. Use exact calibrator resistance value for command parameter.
Nominal resistance Allowable range Command*
1M 100k 19k
1.9k 190 19
475k to 1.025M 95k to 205k
9.5k to 20.5k
0.95k to 2.05k 95 to 205
9.5 to 20.5
3. Wait until open-circuit calibration is complete before going on to the next step.
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19
2-11
Calibration
Table 2-6
Amps calibration summary
Cal point
200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A
Calibrator current Allowable range Calibration command
200.000µA
2.00000mA
20.0000mA
200.000mA
1.00000A
95µA to 205µA
0.95mA to 2.05mA
9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA
0.95A to 2.05A
Step 7: Perform AC user calibration
To perform user AC calibration, send the following command:
:CAL:UNPR:ACC
Note that AC calibration will take about six minutes to complete.
Step 8: Enter calibration dates
To set the calibration date and next due date, use the follow­ing commands to do so:
:CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day>
:CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day>
:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1
the name implies, this calibration procedure assures the accuracy of ACI and ACV measurements.
NOTE
The AC calibration constants generated by this procedure are not permanently stored. Thus, AC calibration constants are in effect only until the power is turned off. In order to permanently store AC calibration constants, you must perform the compre­hensive or low-level calibration procedure and then choose to save calibration con­stants at the end of that procedure. See paragraph 2.8 or 2.10 for details.
2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration
Where <yr>, <mon>, and <day> are the year, month, and date and must be separated by commas.
Step 9: Save calibration constants
Calibration is now complete, so you can store the calibration constants in EEROM by sending the following command:
:CAL:PROT:SAVE
Step 10: Lock out calibration
To lock out further calibration, send the following command after completing the calibration procedure:
:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2.9 AC self-calibration

The AC self-calibration procedure requires no external equipment and can be performed at any time by the user. As
2-12
Procedure:
1. Disconnect all test leads or cables from the INPUT and SENSE jacks.
2. Press MENU. The instrument will display the following:
MAIN MENU
SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION
3. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following:
PERFORM CALIBRATION
COMPREHENSIVE POINT-CALS
4. Select POINT-CALS, then press ENTER. The instru­ment will then display the following:
POINT CALIBRATION
AC-CAL DCV OHMS DCI
5. Select AC-CAL, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message:
Calibration
AC CALIBRATION PHASE
Disconnect inputs; press ENTER
6. Press ENTER to begin AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:
Calibrating AC: Please wait
7. Once the process has been successfully completed, the message below will be displayed, and you can press ENTER or EXIT to return to normal display:
AC CAL COMPLETE
Press ENTER or EXIT to continue.
2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration
Procedure:
1. Disconnect all test leads and cables from the INPUT and SENSE jacks.
2. Send the following command over the bus: ":CAL:UN­PR:ACC".
3. Wait until calibration has been completed before send­ing any further commands (about six minutes).
4. Check for calibration errors by using the :SYST:ERR? query.
NOTE
Low-level calibration is required in the field only if the Model 2002 has been repaired, or if the other calibration proce­dures cannot bring the instrument within stated specifications. The low-level cali­bration procedure includes the compre­hensive calibration steps discussed in paragraph 2.8.
2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration
Table 2-7 summarizes recommended equipment for low­level calibration. Alternate equipment may be used as long as corresponding specifications are at least as good as those listed in the table.
2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary
Table 2-8 summarizes the steps necessary to complete the low-level calibration procedure. The procedure should per­formed in the order shown in the table. Calibration com­mands shown are to be used when calibrating the unit over the IEEE-488 bus.
WARNING

2.10 Low-level calibration

Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the fac­tory when the instrument is manufactured and is not usually required in the field. The following paragraphs give detailed procedures for performing low-level calibration should it ever become necessary in the field.
Some low-level calibration steps require the use of hazardous voltages.
See Appendix B for example calibration programs.
2-13
Calibration
Table 2-7
Recommended equipment for low-level calibration
Mfg. Model Description Specifications*
Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.
DC Voltage:
±2V: ±7ppm +20V: ±5ppm +100V: ±7ppm
Resistance:
19: ±26ppm 190: ±17ppm
1.9k: ±11ppm 19k: ±11ppm 100k: ±13ppm 1M: ±18ppm
DC Current:
200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm
AC Voltage:
0.5mV @ 1kHz: ±10000ppm 5mV @ 100kHz: ±2400ppm 200mV @ 1kHz: ±150ppm
1.5V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 30kHz: ±140ppm 200V @ 1kHz: ±85ppm 200V @ 30kHz: ±240ppm
AC Current:
20mA @ 1kHz: ±160ppm
Keithley 3930A or
Synthesizer 2V rms @ 1Hz
3940
Keithley 8610 Low-thermal
shorting plug
* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output.
2-14
Table 2-8
Low-level calibration summary
Calibration signal Calibration command* Comments
None Low-thermal short 2V DC 20V DC 1M 100k 19k
1.9k 190 19 200µA DC 2mA DC 20mA DC 200mA DC 1A DC Disconnect leads None 20V AC @ 1kHz 20V AC @ 30kHz 200V AC @ 1kHz 200V AC @ 30kHz
1.5V AC @ 1kHz 200mV AC @ 1kHz 5mV AC @ 100kHz
0.5mV AC @ 1kHz +100V DC
-20V DC Rear short circuit 20mA AC @ 1kHz 2V rms @ 1Hz None None None None
* Parameters shown for resistance calibration points are nominal values. Use actual calibration value for command parameter.
:CAL:PROT:INIT :CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO :CAL:PROT:DC:V2 :CAL:PROT:DC:V20 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1 :CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN :CAL:UNPR:ACC :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 2 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 3 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 4 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 5 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 6 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 8 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 9 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 10 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 11 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 12 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 13 :CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:SAVE :CAL:PROT:LOCK
Initiate calibration. Comprehensive cal zero. Comprehensive cal 2V. Comprehensive cal 20V. Comprehensive cal 1M. Comprehensive cal 200k. Comprehensive cal 20k. Comprehensive cal 2k. Comprehensive cal 200. Comprehensive cal 20. Comprehensive cal 200µA. Comprehensive cal 2mA. Comprehensive cal 20mA. Comprehensive cal 200mA. Comprehensive cal 2A. Comprehensive cal open. AC user calibration. Low-level Step 1. Low-level Step 2. Low-level Step 3. Low-level Step 4. Low-level Step 5. Low-level Step 6. Low-level Step 7. Low-level Step 8. Low-level Step 9. Low-level Step 10. Low-level Step 11. Low-level Step 12. Low-level Step 13. Program cal date. Program cal due date. Save constants. Lock out calibration.
Calibration
2-15
Calibration
2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure
Procedure
Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration
1. Turn off the power if the instrument is presently turned on.
2. While pressing in on the recessed CAL switch, turn on the power. (Holding in the CAL switch while turning on the power enables low-level calibration.)
3. Allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.
4. Press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following:
MAIN MENU
SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION
5. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following:
PERFORM CALIBRATION
COMPREHENSIVE POINT-CALS
6. Select COMPREHENSIVE, then press ENTER.The in­strument will display the following:
DC CALIBRATION PHASE
Step 3: DC volts calibration
1. When the DC zero calibration step is completed, the fol­lowing message will be displayed:
CONNECT 2 VDC
2. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.
NOTE
Although 4-wire connections are shown, the sense leads are connected and discon­nected at various points in the procedure by turning calibrator external sense on or off as appropriate. If your calibrator does not have provisions for turning external sense on and off, disconnect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned off, and connect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned on.
3. Set the calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off. Wait at least three minutes for thermal equilibrium.
4. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the presently selected calibration voltage:
Step 2: DC zero calibration
1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the follow­ing prompt.
SHORT CIRCUIT INPUTS
2. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instru­ment INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.
NOTE
Be sure to connect the low-thermal short properly to the HI, LO, and SENSE termi­nals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.
3. Press ENTER. The instrument will then begin DC zero calibration. While calibration is in progress, the follow­ing will be displayed:
Performing Short Ckt Calibration
INPUT = 2.00000000 V
(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 0.95 to 2.05V if your calibrator cannot source 2V.)
NOTE
For best results, it is recommended that you use the stated calibration values throughout the procedure whenever possible.
5. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the follow­ing during calibration:
Performing 2 VDC Calibration
6. After completing 2VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:
CONNECT 20 VDC
7. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.000000V.
8. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the calibration voltage:
2-16
Calibration
INPUT = 20.0000000 V
(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 9.5 to 20.5V if your calibrator cannot source 20V.)
9. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is performing 20V DC calibration:
Performing 20 VDC Calibration
Step 5: Ohms calibration
1. After completing 20VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:
CONNECT 1 M 4W
2. Set the calibrator output to 1.00000M, and make sure that external sense is turned on.
NOTE
Be sure that the calibrator external sense mode is turned on when calibrating all re­sistance ranges.
9. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance val­ue displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range for this parameter is from 95k to 205k.)
10. Press ENTER to complete the 200k calibration step.
11. Repeat steps 7 through 10 for the 20k, 2k, 200, and 20 ranges in that order. Be sure the set the calibrator and Model 2002 to the correct resistance value as follows:
Calibration step
2M 200k 20k 2k 200 20
* Nominal values shown. Use exact calibrator value.
Calibration value* Allowable range
1M 100k 19k
1.9k 190 19
475k to 1.025M 95k to 205k
9.5k to 20.5k
0.95k to 2.05k 95 to 205
9.5 to 20.5
Step 6: DC amps calibration
1. After ohms calibration is completed, the instrument will prompt you for the first DC amps calibration step:
3. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:
INPUT = 1.0000000 M
4. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance val­ue displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range is from 475k to 1.025M.)
5. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 1M calibration:
Performing 1 M Calibration
6. After completing 1M calibration, the instrument will display the following:
CONNECT 100 k 4W
7. Set the calibrator output to 100k, and make sure that external sense is turned on.
8. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:
INPUT = 100.00000 k
CONNECT 200 µADC
2. Connect the DC amps calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals (see Figure 2-3).
3. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and make sure the unit is in operate. (The allowable range is from 95µA to 205µA.)
4. Be sure that the displayed current matches the calibra­tion value, then press ENTER to complete this calibra­tion step.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the remaining amps calibration points as follows:
Calibration step
200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A
Calibrator current Allowed range
200.000µA
2.00000mA
20.0000mA
200.0000mA
1.00000A
95µA to 205µA
0.95mA to 2.05mA
9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA
0.95A to 2.05A
Step 7: Open-circuit calibration
1. At this point, the instrument will display the following message advising you to disconnect test leads:
OPEN CIRCUIT INPUTS
2-17
Calibration
2. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and AMPS jacks, then press ENTER. During this calibration phase, the instrument will display the following:
Performing Open Ckt Calibration
Step 8: AC self-calibration
1. After open circuit calibration, the instrument will dis­play the following message:
AC CALIBRATION PHASE
2. Make sure all test leads are still disconnected from the Model 2002 INPUT and SENSE jacks.
3. Press ENTER to perform AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibra­tion, the instrument will display the following:
Calibrating AC: Please wait
4. When AC calibration is finished, the instrument will dis­play the following:
AC CAL COMPLETE
2. Connect the calibrator to the INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 2-4.
3. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:
Connect 20V @ 1kHz
4. Set the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:
Low-Level Cal - Step 1 of 13
5. Next, the instrument will prompt for a new calibration signal:
Connect 20V @ 30kHz
6. Program the calibrator for an output voltage of 20V AC at 30kHz, then press ENTER. The instrument will dis­play the following while calibrating this step:
Low-Level Cal - Step 2 of 13
7. The Model 2002 will then display:
Step 9: Low-level calibration steps
1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the follow­ing to indicate the start of the low-level calibration phase:
LOW-LEVEL CAL PHASE
NOTE
Use the exact calibration values shown when performing the following steps.
Input HI
Model 2002
Output HI
2002 MULTIMETER
Input LO
Output LO
Connect 200V @ 1kHz
8. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following message:
Low-Level Cal - Step 3 of 13
9. When finished with this step, the Model 2002 will display:
Connect 200V @ 30kHz
5700A Calibrator
Figure 2-4
Calibrator voltage connections
2-18
Calibration
10. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at 30kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following:
Low-Level Cal - Step 4 of 13
11. The unit will then prompt for the next calibration signal:
Connect 1.5V @ 1kHz
12. Set the calibrator for 1.5V AC at a frequency of 1kHz. The Model 2002 will display the following:
Low-Level Cal - Step 5 of 13
13. The unit will display the following:
Connect 200mV @ 1kHz
14. Program the calibrator to output 200mV at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will then display the following:
Low-Level Cal - Step 6 of 13
15. When finished with this step, the unit will display the following:
Connect 5mV @ 100kHz
16. Set the calibrator to output 5mV at a frequency of 100kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will then display the following while calibrating:
Low-Level Cal - Step 7 of 13
17. Following step 7, the instrument will display the follow­ing message to prompt for the next calibration signal:
Connect 0.5mV @ 1kHz
18. Program the calibrator to output 0.5mV at 1kHz, then press ENTER. The unit will display the following in­progress message:
Low-Level Cal - Step 8 of 13
19. Next, the unit will prompt for the next calibration signal:
Connect 100 VDC
NOTE
The accuracy of the 100V source is espe­cially critical. It may be necessary to ad­just the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly 100V.
21. After this step has been completed, the unit will display the following:
Connect -20 VDC
NOTE
The accuracy of the -20V source is espe­cially critical. It may be necessary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly -20V.
22. Set the calibrator for an output voltage of -20V DC, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the follow­ing message:
Low-Level Cal - Step 10 of 13
23. The Model 2002 will then prompt for the next calibra­tion signal:
Short Rear Inputs
24. Connect the Model 8610 to the rear INPUT jacks, mak­ing sure that the terminals are in the correct position. Select the rear inputs with the FRONT/REAR switch, and allow at least three minutes for thermal equillib­rium. Press ENTER to continue. The Model 2002 will display the following:
Low-Level Cal - Step 11 of 13
25. After completing step 11, the unit will display the following:
Connect 20mA @ 1kHz
26. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks.(See Figure 2-3.) Press the FRONT/REAR switch to select the front inputs.
27. Set the calibrator output to 20mA AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2002 will display the following while calibrating:
Low-Level Cal - Step 12 of 13
28. The unit will then prompt for the final calibration signal:
Connect 2 V at 1 Hz
29. Put the calibrator in standby, then disconnect it from the Model 2002 INPUT and AMPS jacks; connect the syn­thesizer to INPUT HI and LO, as shown in Figure 2-5. Set synthesizer modes as follows:
20. Set the calibrator to output +100V DC, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2002 will advise you that the current step is in progress:
Low-Level Cal - Step 9 of 13
FCTN: sine FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 2Vrms MODE: CONT OFFSET: 0V
2-19
Calibration
BNC-to-Dual
Banana Plug
Model 2002
2002 MULTIMETER
Adapter
Figure 2-5
Synthesizer connections
30. Press the Model 2002 ENTER key. The instrument will display the following while calibrating:
Low-Level Cal - Step 13 of 13
31. After step 13 is completed, the instrument will display the following message to indicate that calibration has been completed:
CALIBRATION COMPLETE
Step 10: Enter calibration dates
1. Press ENTER. The instrument will prompt you to enter the calibration date:
Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer
3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER
Function
Output
50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable
3. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.
NOTE
Calibration will be locked out automati­cally when the calibration procedure is completed.
2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration procedure
Follow the steps below to perform low-level calibration over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-6 summarizes calibration com­mands for the procedure.
CAL DATE: 01/01/94
2. Use the cursor and range keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER a second time to con­firm your date selection.
3. The Model 2002 will then prompt you to enter the cali­bration due date:
NEXT CAL 01/01/95
4. Use the cursor keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER again to confirm your date.
Step 11: Save calibration constants
1. The Model 2002 will then display the following mes­sage:
CALIBRATION SUCCESS
2. If you wish to save the new calibration constants, press ENTER. If, on the other hand, you wish to restore pre­vious calibration constants, cycle power.
Procedure
Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration
1. Connect the Model 2002 to the IEEE-488 bus of the computer using a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Model 7007.
2. Make sure the primary address of the Model 2002 is the same as the address specified in the program you will be using to send commands.
3. Turn off the power if the instrument is presently turned on.
4. Press and hold the recessed CAL switch while turning on the power. (Holding in the CAL switch while turning on the power enables low-level calibration.)
5. Allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.
6. Send the following command over the bus to the instru­ment to initiate calibration:
:CAL:PROT:INIT
2-20
Calibration
Step 2: DC zero calibration
1. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instru­ment INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.
NOTE
Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.
2. Send the following command over the bus:
:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO
3. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this calibration step before proceeding. (You can use the *OPC or *OPC? commands to determine when calibration steps end, as discussed in paragraph 3.6 in Section 3.)
Step 3: DC volts calibration
1. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.
NOTE
Although 4-wire connections are shown, the sense leads are connected and discon­nected at various points in the procedure by turning calibrator external sense on or off as appropriate. If your calibrator does not have provisions for turning external sense on and off, disconnect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned off, and connect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned on.
2. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off.
3. Send the following command to the Model 2002 over the IEEE-488 bus:
NOTE
For best results, use the calibration values given in this procedure whenever possible.
4. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this step before going on.
NOTE
You can check for errors after each cali­bration step by sending the :SYST:ERR? query to the instrument. See paragraph
2.7.2.
5. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V.
6. Send the following command to the instrument:
:CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20
(Send the actual calibration value in the range of 9.5V to
20.5V if you are using a different voltage.)
7. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes this step before going on.
Step 4: Ohms calibration
1. Set the calibrator output to 1M, and turn external sense on.
2. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M <value>
Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 1.002M, the com­mand would appear as follows:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1.002E6
(The allowable range for this parameter is from 475E3 to
1.025E6.)
3. Wait until the Model 2002 finishes 1M calibration before continuing.
4. Set the calibrator resistance to 100k.
:CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2
(Be sure to use the exact calibration value as the command parameter if you are using a voltage other than 2V. The allowable range from is 0.95V to 2.05V).
NOTE
External sense (4-wire ohms) should be used when calibrating all resistance rang­es.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each of the remaining ohms cal­ibration points shown in Table 2-9.
2-21
Calibration
Table 2-9
Ohms calibration summary
Nominal
Cal point
2M 200k 20k 2k 200 20
* Nominal resistance values shown. Use exact calibrator resistance value for command parameter.
resistance Allowable range Command*
1M 100k 19k
1.9k 190 19
475k to 1.025M 95k to 205k
9.5k to 20.5k
0.95k to 2.05k 95 to 205
9.5 to 20.5
Step 5: Amps calibration
1. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks, as shown in Figure 2-3.
2. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and place the unit in operate.
3. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19
Step 6. Open-circuit calibration
1. Disconnect all test leads from the Model 2002 INPUT and AMPS jacks.
2. Send the following command to the instrument:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN
3. Wait until open-circuit calibration is complete before going on to the next step.
If you are using a different calibration value, be sure to sub­stitute that value for the parameter shown above. (The allow­able range is from 95µA to 205µA.)
Wait for the instrument to complete this step before continuing.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the following remaining amps shown in Table 2-10.
Table 2-10
Amps calibration summary
Calibrator
Cal point
200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A
current Allowable range Calibration command
200.000µA
2.00000mA
20.0000mA
200.000mA
1.00000A
0.95µA to 205µA
0.95mA to 2.05mA
9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA
0.95A to 2.05A
Step 7: Perform AC user calibration
To perform user AC calibration, send the following command:
:CAL:UNPR:ACC
Note that AC calibration will take about six minutes to complete.
:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1
2-22
Calibration
Step 8: Perform low-level calibration steps
NOTE
The following steps perform the low-level part of the calibration procedure. Use only the indicated calibration values for these steps. Be sure the instrument completes each step before sending the next calibra­tion command.
1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator using 2-wire connections, as shown in Figure 2-4.
2. Program the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1
3. Program the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 30kHz, and send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 2
4. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at 1kHz, then send the following command:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 3
5. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at a frequency of 30kHz, then send the following command:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 4
6. Program the calibrator to output 1.5V AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 5
7. Program the calibrator to output 200mV AC at a fre­quency of 1kHz, and send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 6
8. Set the calibrator output to 5mV AC at a frequency of 100kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
NOTE
The accuracy of the 100V calibration source is especially critical. It may be nec­essary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly 100V.
11. Program the calibrator to output -20V DC, and send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 10
NOTE
The accuracy of the -20V source is espe­cially critical. It may be necessary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly -20V.
12. Connect the Model 8610 calibration short to the rear panel INPUT jacks, making sure to connect the termi­nals properly. Select the rear inputs with the FRONT/ REAR switch, and allow at least three minutes for ther­mal equilibrium. Send the following command:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 11
13. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO ter­minals, as shown in Figure 2-3. Select the front inputs with the FRONT/REAR switch.
14. Program the calibrator to output 20mA AC at a fre­quency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 12
15. Connect the multifunction synthesizer to the Model 2002, as shown in Figure 2-5.
16. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows:
FCTN: sine FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 2Vrms MODE: CONT OFFSET: 0V
17. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7
9. Program the calibrator to output 0.5mV AC at a frequen­cy of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 8
10. Set the calibrator output to +100V DC. Send the follow­ing command to the Model 2002:
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 9
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 13
Step 9: Enter calibration dates
Use following commands to set the calibration date and cal­ibration due date:
:CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day>
Note that the year, month, and date must be separated by commas.
2-23
Calibration
Step 10: Save calibration constants
Calibration is now complete, so you can store the calibration constants in EEROM by sending the following command:
:CAL:PROT:SAVE
Step 11: Lock out calibration
To lock out further calibration, send the following command after completing the calibration procedure:
:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2.11 Single-point calibration

Normally, the complete comprehensive (or low-level, if nec­essary) calibration procedure should be performed to ensure that the entire instrument is properly calibrated. In some instances, however, it may be desirable to calibrate only cer­tain ranges and functions. For those cases, a single-point cal­ibration feature is included in the Model 2002.
The following paragraphs give an overview of performing single-point calibration both from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus. For details on specific procedures, test equipment connections, and IEEE-488 bus commands, refer to paragraphs 2.6 through 2.10 of this section.
1. Turn on the Model 2002, and allow the instrument to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.
2. Press in on the front panel CAL switch to unlock calibration.
3. Press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following menu:
MAIN MENU
SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION
4. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The follow­ing menu will be displayed:
PERFORM CALIBRATION
COMPREHENSIVE POINT-CALS
5. Select POINT-CALS, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will prompt you to select the function:
POINT CALIBRATION
AC-CAL DCV OHMS DCI
6. Select OHMS, then press ENTER. The unit will prompt you to choose the range:
CHOOSE OHMS RANGE
202002k20k200k
Remember that calibration must be unlocked (except for AC only user calibration). To unlock point calibration, press in on the CAL switch.
2.11.1 Front panel single-point calibration
Front panel single-point calibration can be performed by us­ing the POINT-CALS selection in the CALIBRATION menu. You will then be prompted as to which function to cal­ibrate: DCV, DCI, or OHMS. If you select DCI or OHMS, you will also be able to select the range to calibrate, and will then be prompted to apply the appropriate calibration signal. See paragraph 2.8 for details on comprehensive calibration steps.
If you enable low-level calibration by holding in the CAL switch while turning on the power, the LL-CAL (low-level calibration) selection will also appear in the POINT-CALS menu. You can then calibrate a specific low-level point (see paragraph 2.10 for details).
Example
Assume that you wish to calibrate the 2k range. Follow the steps below to do so.
7. Select 2k, then press ENTER. The unit will prompt you to apply the appropriate calibration signal:
CONNECT 2K 4W
8. Connect the 2k (or closest available value) to the INPUT and SENSE jacks using the 4-wire connections shown in Figure 2-1. Press ENTER.
9. Use the range and cursor keys to set the displayed resis­tance value to the exact calibration resistance, then press ENTER.
10. Repeat the above steps for other calibration points, if desired.
11. If desired, select CALIBRATION-DATES in the cali­bration menu, then set the calibration date and due date accordingly.
12. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. Valid calibration constants will be saved, and calibration will be locked out.
2.11.2 IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration
To perform IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration, simply connect the appropriate signal, then send the corresponding calibration command. (See Table 2-4 for a summary of com-
2-24
Calibration
prehensive commands, or Table 2-8 for low-level com­mands.) Remember that you must unlock calibration first.
Before sending any calibration commands, you must send the ":CAL:PROT:INIT" command to intialize calibration. After calibrating the desired point(s), you must then save the new calibration constants by sending the ":CAL:PROT:SAVE" command over the bus. You can then lock out calibration by sending ":CAL:PROT:LOCK".
Example
As an example, assume that you intend to calibrate the 2k range. The basic steps are summarized below:
1. Turn on the Model 2002 power, and allow the instru­ment to warm up for at least four hours before perform­ing calibration.
2. Press the front panel CAL switch to unlock calibration.
3. Send the following command over the bus to initiate calibration:
:CAL:PROT:INIT
4. Connect the 2k (or closest available value) calibration source to the front panel INPUT and SENSE jacks using the 4-wire connections shown in Figure 2-1.
5. Send the following calibration command over the bus:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 2E3
Be sure to substitute the exact calibration resistance value for the 2E3 parameter in the above command. For example, if the resistance value is 1.90034k, the command would appear as follows:
:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.90034E3
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 as desired for other calibration points.
7. If desired, send the following commands to program the calibration date and calibration due date:
:CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>,<mon>,<day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>,<mon>,<day>
8. Send the following command to save calibration constants:
:CAL:PROT:SAVE
9. Finally, send the following command to lock out calibration:
:CAL:PROT:LOCK
2-25
Calibration
2-26
3

Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction

This section contains detailed information on the various Model 2002 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands. Section 2 of this manual covers detailed calibration procedures, and Appendix B lists calibration programs. For information on additional commands to control other instrument functions, refer to the Model 2002 User's Manual.
Information in this section includes:
3.2 Command summary: Summarizes all commands
necessary to perform comprehensive, AC, and low­level calibration.
3.3 CALibration:PROTected Subsystem: Gives detailed
explanations of the various commands used for both comprehensive and low-level calibration.
3.4 CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem: Discusses
the :ACC command, which is used to perform AC user calibration over the bus.
3.5 Bus error reporting: Summarizes bus calibration
errors, and discusses how to obtain error information.
3.6 Detecting calibration step completion: Covers how
to determine when each calibration step is completed by using the *OPC and *OPC? commands.

3.2 Commands

3.2.1 Command summary
Table 3-1 summarizes Model 2002 calibration commands along with the paragraph number where a detailed descrip­tion of each command is located.
3-1
Calibration Command Reference
Table 3-1
IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary
Command Description Paragraph
:CALibration
:PROTected
Calibration root command.
All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch
3.3
(except queries).
:INITiate :LOCK :SWITch?
Initiate calibration. Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch). Request comprehensive CAL switch state.
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
(0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)
:SAVE :DATA? :DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :DATE? :NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :NDUE? :DC
:ZERO :V2 <NRf> :V20 <NRf> :OHM1M <NRf> :OHM200K <NRf> :OHM20K <NRf> :OHM2K <NRf> :OHM200 <NRf> :OHM20 <NRf> :A200U <NRf> :A2M <NRf> :A20M <NRf> :A200M <NRf> :A2 <NRf> :OPEN
:LLEVel
:SWITch?
Save cal constants to EEROM. Download cal constants from 2002. Send cal date to 2002. Request cal date from 2002. Send next due cal date to 2002. Request next due cal date from 2002. Comprehensive calibration subsystem.
Low-thermal short calibration step. +2V DC calibration step. +20V DC calibration step. 1M calibration step. 200k calibration step. 20k calibration step. 2k calibration step. 200 calibration step. 20 calibration step. 200µA DC calibration step. 2mA DC calibration step. 20mA DC calibration step. 200mA DC calibration step. 2A DC calibration step. Open circuit calibration step.
Low-level calibration subsystem.
Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.3.8
3.3.9
:STEP <Step #>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13
:UNPRotected
:ACCompensation
NOTE: Upper case letters indicated short form of each command. For example, instead of sending ":CALibration:PROTected:INITiate", you can send ":CAL:PROT:INIT".
20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz
1.5V AC at 1kHz step. 200mV AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.
0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +100V DC step.
-20V DC step. Rear inputs short-circuit step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. 2V AC at 1Hz step.
Command in this subsystem not protected by CAL switch.
Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)
3.4
3-2
Calibration Command Reference

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected Subsystem

The calibration protected subsystem commands perform all Model 2002 calibration except for AC-only calibration. All commands in this subsystem are protected by the calibration lock (CAL switch). The following paragraphs discuss these commands in detail.
3.3.1 :INIT (:CALibration:PROTected:INITiate)
Purpose To initiate comprehensive and low-level calibration procedures.
Format :cal:prot:init
Parameter None
Description The :INIT command enables Model 2002 calibration when performing these procedures over
the bus. In general, this command must be sent to the unit before sending any other comprehen­sive or low-level calibration command.
Programming Note The :INIT command should be sent only once before performing either complete or single-point
calibration. Do not send :INIT before each calibration step.
Example :CAL:PROT:INIT Initiate calibration
3.3.2 :LOCK (:CALibration:PROTected:LOCK)
Purpose To lock out comprehensive or low-level calibration.
Format :cal:prot:lock
Parameter None
Description The :LOCK command allows you to lock out both comprehensive and low-level calibration
after completing those procedures. Thus, :LOCK perfoms the opposite of pressing in on the front panel CAL switch.
Programming Note To unlock comprehensive calibration, press in on the CAL switch with the power turned on. To
unlock low-level calibration, hold in the CAL switch while turning on the power.
Example :CAL:PROT:LOCK Lock out calibration
3-3
Calibration Command Reference
3.3.3 :SWITch? (:CALibration:PROTected:SWITch?)
Purpose To read comprehensive calibration lock status.
Format :cal:prot:swit?
Response 0 Comprehensive calibration locked
1 Comprehensive calibration unlocked.
Description The :SWITch? query requests status from the Model 2002 on calibration locked/unlocked state.
Calibration must be unlocked by pressing in on the CAL switch while power is turned on before calibration can be performed.
Programming Note The :CAL:PROT:SWIT? query does not check the status of the low-level calibration lock, which
can be checked by using the :CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT? query. (See paragraph 3.3.9.)
Example :CAL:PROT:SWIT? Request CAL switch status.
3.3.4 :SAVE (:CALibration:PROTected:SAVE)
Purpose To save calibration constants in EEROM after the calibration procedure.
Format :cal:prot:save
Parameter None
Description The :SAVE command stores internally calculated calibration constants derived during both
comprehensive and low-level calibration in EEROM. EEROM is non-volatile memory, and cal­ibration constants will be retained indefinitely once saved. Generally, :SAVE is sent after all other calibration steps (except for :LOCK).
Programming Note Calibration will be only temporary unless the :SAVE command is sent to permanently store cal-
ibration constants.
Example :CAL:PROT:SAVE Save calibration constants
3.3.5 :DATA? (:CALibration:PROTected:DATA?)
Purpose To download calibration constants from the Model 2002
Format :cal:prot:data?
Response <Cal_1>,<Cal_2>,...<Cal_n>
Description :DATA? allows you to request the current calibration constants stored in EEROM from the
instrument. This command can be used to compare present constants with those from a previous calibration procedure to verify that calibration was performed properly. The returned values are floating-point numbers using ASCII representation delimited by commas (,).
Programming Note See Appendix C for a summary of calibration constant values returned by the :DATA? query.
Example :CAL:PROT:DATA? Request calibration constants.
3-4
Calibration Command Reference
3.3.6 :DATE (:CALibration:PROTected:DATE)
Purpose To send the calibration date to the instrument.
Format :cal:prot:date <yr>,<mon>,<day>
Parameters <yr> = year (yyyy, 1993 to 2092)
<mon> = month (mm, 1 to 12) <day> = day of month (dd, 1 to 31)
Query Format :cal:prot:date?
Response <yr> , <mon> , <day>
Description The :DATE command allows you to store the calibration date in instrument memory for future
reference. You can read back the date from the instrument over the bus by using the :DATE? query, or by using the CALIBRATION selection in the front panel menu.
Programming Note The year, month, and day parameters must be delimited by commas.
Examples :CAL:PROT:DATE 1994,12,16 Send cal date (12/16/94).
:CAL:PROT:DATE? Request date.
3.3.7 :NDUE (:CALibration:PROTected:NDUE)
Purpose To send the next calibration due date to the instrument.
Format :cal:prot:ndue <yr>, <mon>, <day>
Parameters <yr> = year (yyyy, 1993 to 2092)
<mon> = month (mm, 1 to 12) <day> = day of month (dd, 1 to 31)
Query Format :cal:prot:ndue?
Response <yr>, <mon>, <day>
Description The :NDUE command allows you to store the date when calibration is next due in instrument
memory. You can read back the next due date from the instrument over the bus by using the :NDUE? query, or by using the CALIBRATION-DATES selection in the front panel menu.
Programming Note The next due date parameters must be delimited by commas.
Examples :CAL:PROT:NDUE 1995,12,16 Send due date (12/16/95).
:CAL:PROT:NDUE? Request due date.
3-5
Calibration Command Reference
3.3.8 :DC (:CALibration:PROtected:DC)
The :DC commands perform comprehensive (user) calibration. Table 3-2 summarizes these comprehensive calibration commands along with parameter limits.
Table 3-2
Comprehensive calibration commands
Command Description Parameter limits
:CALibration
:PROTected
:DC
:ZERO :V2 <NRf> :V20 <NRf> :OHM1M <NRf> :OHM200K <NRf> :OHM20K <NRf> :OHM2K <NRf> :OHM200 <NRf> :OHM20 <NRf> :A200U <NRf> :A2M <NRf> :A20M <NRf> :A200M <NRf> :A2 <NRf> :OPEN
User calibration subsystem. Short-circuit calibration +2V DC calibration step +20V DC calibration step. 1M calibration step. 200k calibration step. 20k calibration step. 2k calibration step. 200 calibration step. 20 calibration step. 200µA DC calibration step. 2mA DC calibration step. 20mA DC calibration step. 200mA DC calibration step. 2A DC calibration step. Open-circuit calibration step.
0.95 to 2.05
9.5 to 20.5 475E3 to 1.025E6 95E3 to 205E3
9.5E3 to 20.5E3 950 to 2.05E3 95 to 205
9.5 to 20.5 95E-6 to 205E-6
0.95E-3 to 2.05E-3
9.5E-3 to 20.5E-3 95E-3 to 205E-3
0.95 to 2.05
:ZERO (:CALibration:PROTected:DC:ZERO)
Purpose To perform short-circuit comprehensive calibration.
Format :cal:prot:dc:zero
Parameter none
Description :ZERO performs the short-circuit calibration step in the comprehensive calibration procedure.
A low-thermal short (Model 8610) must be connected to the input jacks before sending this command.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO Perform zero calibration.
3-6
Calibration Command Reference
:V2 (:CALibration:PROTected:DC:V2)
Purpose To program the +2V comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:v2 <Cal_voltage>
Parameter <Cal_voltage> = 0.95 to 2.05 [V]
Description :V2 programs the +2V DC comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibra-
tion voltage parameter is from 0.95 to 2.05V, but 2V is recommended for best results.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2 Program 2V step.
:V20 (:CALibration:PROTected:DC:V20)
Purpose To program the +20V DC comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:v20 <Cal_voltage>
Parameter <Cal_voltage> = 9.5 to 20.5 [V]
Description :V2 programs the +20V DC comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibra-
tion voltage parameter is from 9.5 to 20.5V, but 20V is recommended for best results.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20 Program 20V step.
:OHM1M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM1M)
Purpose To program the 1M comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm1m <Cal_resistance>
Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 475E3 to 1.025E6 []
Description :OHM1M programs the 1M comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-
bration resistance parameter is from 475k to 1.025M. Use the 1M value whenever possi­ble, or the closest possible value.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 Program 1M cal step.
3-7
Calibration Command Reference
Purpose To program the 200k comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm200k <Cal_resistance>
Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 95E3 to 205E3 []
Description :OHM200K programs the 200k comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 Program 200k step.
Purpose To program the 20k comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm20k <Cal_resistance>
Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 9.5E3 to 20.5E3 []
:OHM200K (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM200K)
calibration resistance parameter is from 95k to 205k. Use a 100k value whenever possible, or the closest possible value.
:OHM20K (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM20K)
Description :OHM20K programs the 20k comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cal-
ibration resistance parameter is from 9.5k to 20.5k. Use the 20k value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 19k, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 Program 20k step.
:OHM2K (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM2K)
Purpose To program the 2k comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm2k <Cal_resistance>
Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 950 to 2.05E3 []
Description :OHM2K programs the 2k comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-
bration resistance parameter is from 0.95k to 2.05k. Use the 2k value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 1.9k, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 Program 2k step.
3-8
Calibration Command Reference
:OHM200 (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM200)
Purpose To program the 200 comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm200 <Cal_resistance>
Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 95 to 205 []
Description :OHM200 programs the 200 comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the
calibration resistance parameteris from 95 to 205. Use the 200 value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 190, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 Program 200 step.
:OHM20 (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM20)
Purpose To program the 20 comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm20 <Cal_resistance>
Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 9.5 to 20.5 []
Description :OHM20 programs the 20 comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the
calibration resistance parameter is from 9.5 to 20.5k. Use the 20 value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 19, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19 Program 20 step.
:A200U (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A200U)
Purpose To program the 200µA comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:a200u <Cal_current>
Parameter <Cal_current> = 95E-6 to 205E-6 [A]
Description :A200U programs the 200µA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-
bration current parameter is from 95µA to 205µA. Use the 200µA value whenever possible for best results.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 Program 200µA step.
3-9
Calibration Command Reference
Purpose To program the 2mA comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:a2m <Cal_current>
Parameter <Cal_current> = 0.95E-3 to 2.05E-3 [A]
Description :A2M programs the 2mA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibration
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 Program 2mA step.
Purpose To program the 20mA comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:a20m <Cal_current>
Parameter <Cal_current> = 9.5E-3 to 20.5E-3 [A]
:A2M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A2M)
current parameter is from 0.95mA to 2.05µA. Use the 2mA value whenever possible for best results.
:A20M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A20M)
Description :A200U programs the 20mA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-
bration current parameter is from 9.5mA to 20.5mA. Use the 20mA value whenever possible for best results.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 Program 20mA step.
:A200M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A200M)
Purpose To program the 200mA comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:a200m <Cal_current>
Parameter <Cal_current> = 95E-3 to 205E-3 [A]
Description :A200M programs the 200mA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cal-
ibration current parameter is from 95mA to 205mA. Use the 200mA value whenever possible for best results.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 Program 200mA step.
3-10
:A2 (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A2)
Purpose To program the 2A comprehensive calibration step.
Format :cal:prot:dc:a2 <Cal_current>
Parameter <Cal_current> = 0.95 to 2.05 [A]
Description A2 programs the 2A comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibration cur-
rent parameter is from 0.95A to 2.05A. Use the 1A value whenever possible for best results.
Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1 Program 2A step.
3.3.9 :LLEVel (:CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel)
Low-level calibration commands are summarized in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3
Low-level calibration commands
Command Description
:CALibration
:PROTected
:LLEVel
:SWITch?
:STEP <Step #>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Calibration Command Reference
Low-level calibration subsystem.
Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)
20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz step.
1.5V AC at 1kHz step.
0.2V AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.
0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +100V DC step.
-20V DC step. Rear inputs short-circuit step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. 2V AC at 1Hz step.
3-11
Calibration Command Reference
:SWITch? (CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel:SWITch?)
Purpose To request the state of the low-level calibration lock.
Format :cal:prot:llev:swit?
Response 0 Low-level calibration locked
1 Low-level calibration unlocked
Description :SWITch? query requests the status of the low-level calibration lock from the instrument. This
:SWITch? query should not be confused with the :SWITch? query that requests the status of the comprehensive calibration lock (see paragraph 3.3.2.)
Programming Note To unlock low-level calibration, hold in the CAL switch while turning on instrument power.
:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT? Request low-level CAL switch status.
:STEP (CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel:STEP)
Purpose To program individual low-level calibration steps.
Format :cal:prot:llev:step <n>
Parameters 1 20V AC @ 1kHz
2 20V AC @ 30kHz 3 200V AC @ 1kHz 4 200V AC @ 30kHz 5 1.5V AC @ 1kHz 6 200mV AC @ 1kHz 7 5mV AC @ 100kHz 8 0.5mV AC @ 1kHz 9 +100V DC 10 -20V DC 11 Rear inputs short-circuit. 12 20mA AC @ 1kHz 13 2V AC @ 1HZ
Description The :STEP command programs the 13 individual low-level calibration steps; <n> represents the
calibration step number. The appropriate signal must be connected to the instrument when pro­gramming each step, as summarized in the parameters listed above (see Section 2 for details).
Example :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7 Program low-level step 7.
3-12
Calibration Command Reference

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem

3.4.1 :ACCompensation (:CALibration:UNPRotected:ACCompensation)
Purpose To perform user AC calibration
Format :cal:unpr:acc
Parameter None
Description The :ACC command performs user AC calibration, which requires no calibration equipment. All
test leads must be disconnected from the input jacks when performing user AC calibration.
Programming Note Calibration constants generated by using the :ACC command are not stored in EEROM. Thus,
AC calibration constants are in effect only until the instrument is turned off. In order to save AC calibration constants, perform the comprehensive calibration procedure, then use the :SAVE command. Note that AC calibration takes about six minutes to complete.
Example :CAL:UNPR:ACC Perform AC user cal.

3.5 Bus error reporting

3.5.1 Calibration error summary
Refer to Appendix C for a summary of calibration errors and additional information on specific errors.
3.5.2 Detecting Calibration Errors
If an error occurs during any calibration step, the Model 2002 will generate an error message. Several methods to detect calibration errors are discussed in the following paragraphs. The cal­ibration programs listed in Appendix B may be used as examples for some of these methods.
Error queue
As with other Model 2002 errors, any calibration errors will be reported in the bus error queue. You can read this queue by using the :SYST:ERR? query. The Model 2002 will respond with the appropriate error message, as summarized in Appendix C.
Status Byte EAV (Error Available) Bit
Whenever an error is available in the error queue, the EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) of the status byte will be set. Use the *STB? query or serial polling to obtain the status byte, then test bit 2 to see if it is set. If the EAV bit is set, an error has occurred, and you can use the :SYST:ERR? query to read the error and at the same time clear the EAV bit in the status byte.
Generating an SRQ on error
To program the instrument to generate an SRQ when an error occurs, send the following com­mand: *SRE 4. This command will enable SRQ when the EAV bit is set. You can then read the status byte and error queue as outlined above to check for errors and to determine the exact nature of the error.
3-13
Calibration Command Reference

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion

When sending calibration commands over the IEEE-488 bus, you must wait until the instrument completes the current operation before sending a command. You can use either *OPC? or *OPC to help determine when each calibration step is completed. (The example programs in Appendix B use the *OPC command to detect when each calibration step is completed.)
3.6.1 Using the *OPC? Query
With the *OPC? (operation complete) query, the instrument will place an ASCII 1 in the output queue when it has completed each step. To determine when the OPC response is ready, do the following:
1. Repeatedly test the MAV (Message Available) bit (bit 4) in the status byte and wait until it is set. (You can request the status byte by using the *STB? query or serial polling.)
2. When MAV is set, a message is available in the output queue, and you can read the output queue and test for an ASCII 1.
3. After reading the output queue, repeatedly test MAV again until it clears. At this point, the calibration step is completed.
3.6.2 Using the *OPC command
The *OPC (operation complete) command can also be used to detect the completion of each cal­ibration step. In order to use *OPC to detect the end of each calibration step, you must do the following:
1. Enable operation complete by sending *ESE 1. The command sets the OPC (operation com­plete bit) in the standard event enable register, allowing operation complete status from the standard event status register to set the ESB (event summary bit) in the status byte when operation complete is detected.
2. Send the *OPC command immediately following each calibration command. For example:
:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO;*OPC
Note that you must include the semicolon (;) to separate the two commands, and that the *OPC command must appear on the same line as the calibration command.
3. After sending a calibration command, repeatedly test the ESB (Event Summary) bit (bit 5) in the status byte until it is set. (Use either the *STB? query or serial polling to request the status byte.)
4. Once operation complete has been detected, clear OPC status using one of two methods: (1) Use the *ESR? query, then read the response to clear the standard event status register, or (2) Send the *CLS command to clear the status registers. Note that sending *CLS will also clear the error queue and operation complete status.
3.6.3 Generating an SRQ on calibration complete
An SRQ (service request) can be used to detect operation complete instead of repeatedly polling the Model 2002. To use this method, send both *ESE 1 and *SRE 32 to the instrument, then include the *OPC command at the end of each calibration command line, as covered in para­graph 3.6.2 above. Refer to your controller's documentation for information on detecting and servicing SRQs. The example calibration programs in Appendix B demonstrate how to use SRQ to detect the end of each calibration step.
3-14
Specifications A-1
A
Specifications
A-2 Specifications
Specifications
The following pages contain the complete specifications for the 2002. Every effort has been made to make these specifications complete by charac­terizing its performance under the variety of conditions often encountered in production, engineering, and research.
The 2002 provides Transfer, 24-hour, 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year specifica­tions, with full specifications for the 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year intervals. This allows the operator to utilize 90-day, 1-year, or 2-year recommended calibra­tion intervals, depending upon the level of accuracy desired. As a general rule, the 2002’s 2-year performance exceeds a 6½-digit DMM’s 90-day, 180-day, or 1-year specifications.
Absolute Accuracy
All DC specifications are given as relative accuracies. To obtain absolute accuracies, the absolute uncertainties of the calibration sources must be added to the relative accuracies. The absolute uncertainties for the calibration sources used during Keithley’s factory calibration are included in the specifi­cations. The uncertainties of the operator’s sources may be different.
All AC specifications are given as absolute accuracies.
Typical Accuracies
Accuracy can be specified as typical or warranted. All specifications shown are warranted unless specifically noted. Almost 99% of the 2002’s specifications are warranted specifications. In some cases it is not possible to obtain sources to maintain traceability on the performance of every unit in production on some measurement (e.g., high-voltage, high frequency signal sources with sufficient accuracy do not exist). These values are listed as typical.
2002 Specified Calibration Intervals
Measurement 24 90 1 2 Function Hour
DC Volts • DC Volts Peak Spikes
AC Volts rms
AC Volts Peak • AC Volts Average • AC Volts Crest Factor
Ohms
DC Current • DC In-Circuit Current
AC Current
Frequency
Temperature (Thermocouple) • Temperature (RTD)
1
For T
±1°C.
CAL
2
For T
±5°C.
CAL
3
For ±2°C of last AC self-cal.
1
Day
2
3
3
Year
2
3
3
Year
2
3
3
Specifications A-3
DC Volts
DCV Input Characteristics and Accuracy
Enhanced Accuracy1 – 10PLC, DFILT 10
Range Scale Resolution Resistance Transfer
Full Input
4
200mV
±210.000000 1 nV >100 G 0.4 + 1.5 3.5 + 3 15 + 8 19 + 9 23 + 10 2 + 1.8
4
2V
±2.10000000 10 nV >100 G 0.2 + 0.15 1.2 + 0.3 6 + 0.8 10 + 0.9 14 + 1 0.2 + 0.18
20 V ±21.0000000 100 nV >100 G 0.1 + 0.05 1.2 + 0.1 6 + 0.15 10 + 0.15 14 + 0.15 0.3 + 0.02
200 V ±210.000000 1 µV 10 MΩ±1% 0.5 + 0.08 5 + 0.4 14 + 2 22 + 2 30 + 2 1.5 + 0.3
13
1000 V
±1100.00000 10 µV 10 MΩ±1% 1 + 0.05 5 + 0.08 14 + 0.4 22 + 0.4 30 + 0.4 1.5 + 0.06
DC Voltage Uncertainty = ±[ (ppm of reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) × (range used)] / 1,000,000.
% Accuracy = (ppm accuracy) /10,000.
1ppm of Range = 20 counts for ranges up to 200V and 10 counts on 1000V range at 7½ digits.
12
Normal Accuracy14 – 1PLC, DFILT off
Range Scale Resolution Resistance 24 Hours
Full Input
4
200 mV
±210.00000 10 nV >100 G 3.5 + 6 15 + 11 19 + 12 23 + 13 2 + 1.8
4
2V
±2.1000000 100 nV >100 G 1.2 + 0.6 6 + 1.1 10 + 1.2 14 + 1.3 0.2 + 0.18
20 V ±21.000000 1 µV >100 G 3.2 + 0.35 8 + 0.4 12 + 0.4 16 + 0.4 0.3 + 0.02
200 V ±210.00000 10 µV 10 MΩ±1% 5 + 1.2 14 + 2.8 22 + 2.8 30 + 2.8 1.5 + 0.3
13
1000 V
±1100.0000 100 µV 10 MΩ±1% 5 + 0.4 14 + 0.7 22 + 0.7 30 + 0.7 1.5 + 0.06
±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C
2
Relative Accuracy Temperature Coefficient
±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C
24 Hours290 Days31 Year32 Years
3
Outside TCAL ±5°C
Relative Accuracy Temperature Coefficient
90 Days
3
1 Year
3
2 Years
3
Outside TCAL ±5°C
Speed and Accuracy 90 Days
±(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise
Accuracy
10PLC 1PLC
Range 10 Readings DFILT Off 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off
200 mV
2V
20 V 6 + 0.15 + 0 6 + 0.15 + 0.03 7 + 0.15 + 0.05 8 + 0.15 + 0.08 15 + 0.5 + 0.7 130 + 200 + 3
200 V 14+2 +0 14+2 +0.1 14+2 +0.15 14 +2 +0.25 15+ 2 + 1 130+200+ 3
1000 V
PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.
Noise Rejection (dB)
Speed AC and DC CMRR (Number of Line Sync On Power Line Line Sync Internal 25 Readings On
Cycles) On
PLC 1 140 120 90 80 60 PLC < 1 90 60 60 50 0
Effective noise is reduced by a factor of 10 for every 20dB of noise rejection (140dB reduces effective noise by 10,000,000:1).
CMRR is rejection of undesirable AC or DC signal between LO and earth. NMRR is rejection of undesirable power line related AC signal between HI and LO.
DCV Reading Rates
PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On
10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 8
2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 7
0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6
0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 6
0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5
0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4
11
0.01
DFILT On, 10PLC DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC 0.01PLC
4
15+8 +0 15+8 +0.5 15+8 +0.7 15 +8 +1 25 +10 +13 100 +200+15
4
6+0.8 +0 6+0.8 +0.05 6+0.8 +0.07 6 + 0.8 +0.1 7 + 1 + 1.3 130 +200 + 3
13
14 + 0.4 + 0 14 + 0.4 + 0.05 14 + 0.4 + 0.05 14 + 0.4 + 0.1 15 + 0.5 + 0.5 90 + 200 + 2
8
6
7
Trigger DFILT On DFILT Off DFILT Off
9,10
AC NMRR
7
Line Sync Internal
Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488
1
2 6 (5) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)
1
2 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4)
1
2 56 (48) 47 (40) 55 (45) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)
1
2 235 (209) 154 (137) 225 (200) 146 (130) 152 (135) 118 (105)
1
2 318 (305) 173 (166) 308 (295) 168 (161) 181 (174) 121 (116)
1
2 325 (325) 179 (179) 308 (308) 173 (173) 182 (182) 124 (124)
1
2 390 (390) 186 (186) 365 (365) 182 (182) 201 (201) 125 (125)
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4
1
2 2000(2000) 2000(2000)
1,5
10
)
11
Keithley Factory Calibration Uncertainty
Range ppm of reading
7
Trigger
Factory calibration uncertainty represents traceability to NIST. This uncertainty is added to relative accuracy specifications to obtain absolute accuracies. The 200mV and 2V range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 2V calibration source. The 20V, 200V, and 1000V range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 20V calibration source.
200mV 3.2
2V 3.2
20 V 2.6
200 V 2.6
1000 V 2.6
Readings/Second with
15
Time Stamp to IEEE-488
15
A-4 Specifications
DC Volts (cont’d)
Linearity <0.1ppm of range typical,
Zero Stability Typical maximum variation
Range 1 PLC 10 PLC
200 mV
2V
20 V ± 4 counts ± 1 count
200 V ± 5 counts ± 2 counts
1000 V ± 2 counts ± 1 count
<0.2ppm maximum.
in 1 hour, T
REF ± 0.5°C, 7½-
digit resolution, 10-reading digital filter, synchronous autozero.
4
± 60 counts ± 40 counts
4
± 6 counts ± 4 counts
Polarity Reversal Error This is the portion of the instrument error that is seen when
HI and LO are reversed. This is not an additional error—it is included in the overall instrument accuracy specification. Reversal Error: <4 counts at 10V input at 7½ digits, 10 power line cycles, synchronous autozero, 10-reading repeat digital filter.
Input Bias Current <100pA at 25°C.
Settling Characteristics <50µs to 10ppm of step size for the 200mV–20V ranges. <1ms
to 10ppm of step size for the 200V and 1000V ranges. Reading settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.
Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.
DC Volts Notes
1 Specifications are for 10 power line cycles, synchronous
autozero, 10-reading repeat digital filter, autorange off, except as noted.
CAL ±1°C, following 4-hour warm-up. TCAL is ambient
2 For T
temperature at calibration (23°C at the factory). Add 0.5 ppm of reading uncertainty if the unit is power cycled during this interval.
CAL ±5°C, following 4-hour warm-up.
3 For T 4 Care must be taken to minimize thermal offsets due to
operator cables.
CAL ±5°C, normal autozero. 1-year or 2-year accuracy
5 For T
can be found by applying the same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.
6 Applies for 1k imbalance in the LO lead. For 400Hz
operation, subtract 10dB. For the 200V and 1000V ranges, subtract 20dB.
7 For noise synchronous to the line frequency. 8 For line frequency ±0.1%.
9 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, internal trigger,
digital filter off, normal autozero, display off, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.
10 Typical values. Peak-to-peak noise equals 6 times rms
noise.
11 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero
refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.
12 Specifications apply for 20-reading repeat digital filter,
REF ± 0.5°C (TREF is the initial ambient temperature), and
T for measurements within 10% of the initial measurement value and within 10 minutes of the initial measurement time.
13 Add 2.5ppm × (V
inputs above 200V, except in transfer accuracy
IN/1000V)
2
additional uncertainty for
specifications.
14 Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, normal autozero,
digital filter off, autorange off.
15 Using Internal Buffer.
DCV Peak Spikes Measurement
Repetitive Spikes Accuracy
Range 0–1kHz
200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.09+0.7 0.1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002+0.03
2 V 0.08+0.3 0.09+0.3 0.1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002+0.03
20 V 0.1 +0.7 0.11+0.7 0.14+0.7 0.19+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004+0.03
3
200 V
3
1000 V
Max. % of Range ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±100% ±75%
4
0.1 +0.3 0.11+0.3 0.14+0.3 0.19+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.322.5+0.325.5+0.329+0.3
0.12+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.2 +0.6 0.25+0.620.5 +0.6
1
90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C ±(% of reading+% of range)
Temperature Coefficient
1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz – 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–
±(% of reading+% of range)/°C
10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside TCAL ±5°C
2
2
0.004+0.03
0.01 +0.02
Default Measurement
Resolution 3½ digits.
7
Maximum Input ±1100V peak value, 2×10
V·Hz (for inputs above 20V).
Non-Repetitive Spikes 10% of range per µs typical slew rate.
Spike Width Specifications apply for spikes 1µs.
Range Control In Multiple Display mode, voltage range is the same as DCV
range.
Spikes Measurement
Window Default is 100ms per reading (settable from 0.1 to 9.9s in
Primary Display mode).
Input Characteristics Same as ACV input characteristics.
Spikes Display Access as multiple display on DC Volts. First option presents
positive peak spikes and highest spike since reset. Second option presents negative spikes and lowest spike. Highest and lowest spike can be reset by pressing DCV function button. Third option displays the maximum and minimum levels of the input signal. Spikes displays are also available through CONFIG-ACV-ACTYPE as primary displays.
DCV Peak Spikes Notes
1 Specifications apply for 10-reading digital filter. If no
filter is used, add 0.25% of range typical uncertainty.
2 Typical values. 3 Add 0.001% of reading × (V
for inputs above 100V.
4 Specifications assume AC+DC coupling for frequencies
below 200Hz. Below 20Hz add 0.1% of reading additional uncertainty.
2
IN/100V)
additional uncertainty
Specifications A-5
AC Volts
AC magnitude: rms or Average. Peak and Crest Factor measurements also available.
ACV Input Characteristics
rms Peak Full Scale ±(% of reading + % of range) / °C
Range Input rms Resolution Input Impedance Outside T
200 mV 1 V 210.0000 100 nV 1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.004 + 0.001
2 V 8 V 2.100000 1 µV1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.004 + 0.001
20 V 100 V 21.00000 10 µV1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.006 + 0.001 200 V 800 V 210.0000 100 µV1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.006 + 0.001 750 V 1100 V 775.000 1 mV 1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.012 + 0.001
AC Voltage Uncertainty = ±[ (% of reading) × (measured value) + (% of range ) × (range used) ] / 100.
PPM Accuracy = (% accuracy) × 10,000.
0.015% of Range = 30 counts for ranges up to 200V and 113 counts on 750V range at 5½ digits.
Low Frequency Mode rms
1
90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, ±2°C from last AC self-cal, for 1% to 100% of range3, ±(% of reading + % of range)
Range 1–10Hz510–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz
200 mV 0.09+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.03+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2
2 V 0.09+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.025+0.015 0.02+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2
20 V 0.1 +0.015 0.06+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2 200 V40.1 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.03 +0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.02554+0.2 750 V40.13+0.015 0.09+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.01550.5+0.015
Normal Mode rms
1
90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, ±2°C from last AC self-cal, for 1% to 100% of range3, ±(% of reading + % of range)
Range 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz
200 mV 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.02+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.01 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2
2 V 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.02+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.01 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2
20 V 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2
4
200 V 750 V
4
0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.02554+0.2
0.25+0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.01550.5+0.015
Temperature Coefficient
5
5
CAL ±5°C
5
5
2
5
5
dB Accuracy rms ±dB, 90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C, Reference=1V, Autoranging, Low Frequency Mode, AC+DC Coupling
Input 1–100Hz 0.1–30kHz 30–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz
–54 to–40 dB (2mV to 10 mV) 0.230 0.225 0.236 0.355 –40 to–34 dB (10 mV to 20mV) 0.036 0.031 0.041 0.088 –34 to 6 dB (20 mV to 2 V) 0.023 0.018 0.028 0.066 0.265 0.630
6 to 26 dB (2 V to 20 V) 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.066 0.538 0.820 26 to 46 dB (20 V to 200 V) 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.066 46 to 57.8 dB (200 V to 775 V) 0.018 0.021 0.049
ACV Reading Rates
5,6
5
Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488
PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On
10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 6½ 6 (5) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)
2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 5½ 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 28 (23) 9 (7.4) 26 (21) 9 (7.4) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 5½ 56 (48) 47 (40) 52 (43) 44 (36) 48 (39) 40 (33)
0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 5½ 145 (129) 110 (98) 131 (117) 100 (88) 102 (91) 79 (70)
0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 5½ 150 (144) 112 (108) 132 (127) 101 (97) 102 (98) 80 (77)
0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 150 (150) 115 (115) 132 (132) 103 (103) 102 (102) 80 (80)
0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 382 (382) 116 (116) 251 (251) 103 (103) 163 (163) 80 (80)
8
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 2000(2000) 2000(2000)
0.01
5
5
0.538
Readings/Second with
12
Time Stamp to IEEE-488
5
12
A-6 Specifications
AC Volts (cont’d)
11
Crest Factor = Peak AC / rms AC.
Crest Factor Resolution 3 digits.
Crest Factor Accuracy Peak AC uncertainty + AC
Measurement Time 100ms plus rms
Input Characteristics Same as ACV input.
Crest Factor
Frequency Range 20Hz – 1MHz.
Crest Factor Display Access as multiple display
normal mode rms uncertainty.
measurement time.
on AC volts.
AC CouplingACV Crest Factor Measurement
For AC only coupling, add the following % of reading:
1–10Hz 10–20Hz 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 100–200Hz
Normal Mode (rms, average) 0.41 0.07 0.015 Low Frequency Mode (rms) 0.1 0.01 0 0 0
For low frequency mode below 200Hz, specifications apply for sine wave inputs only.
AC+DC Coupling
For DC >20% of AC rms voltage, apply the following additional uncertainty, multiplied by the ratio (DC/total rms). Applies to rms and average measurements.
Range % of Reading % of Range
200mV, 20V 0.05 0.1
2V, 200V, 750V 0.07 0.01
Average ACV Measurement
Normal mode rms specifications apply from 10% to 100% of range, for 20Hz–1MHz. Add 0.025% of range uncertainty for 50kHz–100kHz, 0.05% of range uncertainty for 100kHz– 200kHz, and 0.5% of range uncertainty for 200kHz–1MHz.
ACV Peak Value Measurement
10
Repetitive Peak Accuracy, ±(% of reading+% of range), 90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C
High Crest Factor Additional Error ±(% of reading)
Applies to rms measurements.
Crest Factor 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 5
Additional Error 0 0.1 0.2 0.4
Temperature Coefficient
Range 1kHz
20Hz– 1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz– 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–
9
10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside TCAL ±5°C
±(% of reading+% of range)/°C
200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.09+0.7 0 .1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002 + 0.03
2 V 0.08+0.3 0.09+0.3 0 .1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002 + 0.03
20 V 0.1 +0.7 0.11+0.7 0.14+0.7 0.19+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004 + 0.03
4
200 V
4
750 V
Valid % of Range
0.1 +0.3 0.11+0.3 0.14+0.3 0.19+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.352.5+0.355.5+0.359+0.3
0.12+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.2 +0.6 0.25+0.650.5 +0.6
7
10–400% 10–400% 10–400% 10–350% 10–350% 10–250% 10–150% 10–100% 7.5–75%
5
5
Default Measurement
Resolution 4 digits.
Non-Repetitive Peak 10% of range per µs typical slew rate for single spikes.
Peak Width Specifications apply for all peaks 1µs.
Peak Measurement Window 100ms per reading.
7
Maximum Input ±1100V peak, 2×10
Settling Characteristics Normal Mode (rms, avg.) <300ms to 1% of step change
V·Hz (for inputs above 20V).
<450ms to 0.1% of step change <500ms to 0.01% of step change
Low Frequency Mode (rms) <5s to 0.1% of final value
Common Mode Rejection For 1kimbalance in either lead: >60dB for line frequency ±0.1%.
7
Maximum Volt·Hz Product 2 × 10
V·Hz (for inputs above 20V).
Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.
0.004 + 0.03
0.01 + 0.02
AC Volts Notes
1 Specifications apply for sinewave input, AC + DC coupling,
1 power line cycle, autozero on, digital filter off, following 55-minute warm-up.
2 Temperature coefficient applies to rms and average
readings. For frequencies above 100kHz, add 0.01% of reading/°C to temperature coefficient.
3 For 1% to 5% of range below 750V range, and for 1% to 7%
of 750V range, add 0.01% of range uncertainty. For inputs from 200kHz to 2MHz, specifications apply above 10% of range.
2
IN/100V)
4 Add 0.001% of reading × (V
additional uncertainty
above 100V rms. 5 Typical values. 6 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, internal trigger,
digital filter off, normal autozero, display off, SREAL
format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for
400Hz equal those for 50Hz. Applies for normal rms and average mode. Low frequency rms mode rate is typically
0.2 readings per second.
7 For overrange readings 200–300% of range, add 0.1% of
reading uncertainty. For 300–400% of range, add 0.2% of reading uncertainty.
8 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero
refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.
9 AC peak specifications assume AC + DC coupling for fre-
quencies below 200Hz.
10 Specifications apply for 10-reading digital filter. If no
filter is used, add 0.25% of range typical uncertainty. 11 Subject to peak input voltage specification. 12 Using Internal Buffer.
Ohms
Specifications A-7
Two-Wire and Four-Wire Ohms
Range Scale Resolution Source
20 21.0000000 100 n 7.2 mA 5 V 50 10 Ω±0.2 V
200 210.000000 1 µΩ 960 µA 5 V 200 100 Ω±0.2 V
2k 2100.00000 10 µΩ 960 µA 5 V 200 150 –0.2 V to +2 V
20 k 21.0000000 100 µΩ 96 µA 5 V1.5k 1.5 kΩ –0.2 V to +2 V
200 k 210.000000 1 m 9.6 µA 5 V1.5k 1.5 kΩ
2M 2.10000000 10 mΩ 1.9 µA 6 V1.5k 1.5 kΩ
4
20 M
4
200 M
4
1G
Full Current Open HI Lead LO Lead Offset
21.0000000 100 m 1.4 µA
210.000000 1 1.4 µA
1.05000000 10 1.4 µA
Keithley Factory Calibration Uncertainty
Range ppm of reading
20 29.5
200 7.7
2k 6.4
20 k 7.8
200 k 7.3
2M 14.9
20M 14.9
200M 14.9
1G 14.9
Factory calibration uncertainty represents traceability to NIST. This uncertainty is added to relative accuracy specifications to obtain absolute accuracies.
The 20 - 2M range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the respective calibration sources.
The 20M, 200M, and 1G range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 2M calibration source.
Maximum Maximum Maximum
1
13 13 13
Circuit
14 V 14 V 14 V
12
Resistance
2
Resistance
2
Compensation
Enhanced Accuracy5 10PLC, Offset comp. on, DFILT 10
Temperature
Coefficient
Relative Accuracy
± (ppm of reading + ppm of range) ppm of range) / °C
14
Range Transfer
20 2.5 + 3 5 + 4.5 15 + 6 17 + 6 20 + 6 2.5 + 0.7
200 2.5 + 2 5 + 3 15 + 4 17 + 4 20 + 4 2.5 + 0.5
2k 1.3 + 0.2 2.5 + 0.3 7 + 0.4 9 + 0.4 11 + 0.4 0.8 + 0.05
20 k 1.3 + 0.2 2.5 + 0.3 7 + 0.4 9 + 0.4 11 + 0.4 0.8 + 0.05
200 k 2.5 + 0.4 5.5 + 0.5 29 + 0.8 35 + 0.9 40 + 1 3.5 + 0.18
2M 5 + 0.2 12 + 0.3 53 + 0.5 65 + 0.5 75 + 0.5 7 + 0.1
4
20 M
200 M
1G
15 + 0.1 50 + 0.2 175 + 0.6 250 + 0.6 300 + 0.6 20 + 0.1
4
50 + 0.5 150 + 1 500 + 3 550 + 3 600 + 3 80 + 0.5
4
250 + 2.5 750 + 5 2000 + 15 2050 + 15 2100 + 15 400 + 2.5
Resistance Uncertainty = ±[(ppm of reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) ×
1ppm of Range = 20 counts for ranges up to 200M and 10 counts on 1G
24 Hours690 Days71 Year72 Years
(range used)] / 1,000,000.
% Accuracy = (ppm accuracy) / 10,000.
range at 7½ digits.
± (ppm of reading +
7
Outside TCAL ±5°C
3
Speed and Accuracy 90 Days
9,15
10PLC 1PLC
±(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise
DFILT On, 10PLC DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC
RANGE 10 Readings DFILT Off 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off
Accuracy
20 15 + 11 + 0 15 + 11 + 0.5 15 + 13 + 0.5 15 + 13 + 1 15 + 16 + 25 110 + 200 + 35
200 15+8 +0 15+8 +0.5 17+8 +0.5 17+8 + 1 17+10 +15 110+200+35
2k 7 + 0.8 + 0 7 + 0.8 + 0.05 8 + 0.8 + 0.07 8 + 0.8 + 0.2 8 + 1 + 2 130 + 230 + 5
20 k 7 + 0.8 + 0 7 + 0.8 + 0.1 8 + 0.8 + 0.1 9 + 0.8 + 0.2 40 + 1 + 2 130 + 230 + 5
200 k 29 + 0.8 + 0 29 + 0.8 + 0.1 31 + 0.8 + 0.1 34 + 0.8 + 0.2 250 + 1 + 2
2M 53 + 0.5 + 0 53 + 0.5 + 0.1 58 + 0.5 + 0.1 68 + 0.5 + 0.2 750 + 0.7 + 2
4
20 M
200 M
1G
175 + 0.6 + 0 175 + 0.6 + 0 175 + 0.6 + 0 200 + 0.6 + 0
4
500 + 3 + 0 510 + 3 + 0 510 + 3 + 0 550 + 3 + 0
4
2000 + 15 + 0 2100 + 15 + 0 2100 + 15 + 0 2500 + 15 + 0
PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.
2-Wire Accuracy ±(ppm of range)
Additional Temperature
Range (inside T
20 300 ppm 70 ppm/°C
200 30 ppm 7 ppm/°C
2k 3 ppm 0.7 ppm/°C
Uncertainty Coefficient
CAL ± 5°C) (outside TCAL ±5°C)
Normal Accuracy
RANGE 24 Hours
20 5 +12 15 + 16 17 + 17 20 + 19 2.5 + 2.5
15
1PLC, Offset comp. off, DFILT off
Relative Accuracy
± (ppm of reading + ppm of range) ppm of range)/°C
6
90 Days
200 7 + 8 17 + 11 19 + 12 22 + 13 2.5 + 1.8
2k 3.5 + 1.1 8 + 1.4 10 + 1.5 12 + 1.6 0.8+ 0.18
20 k 4.5 + 1.1 9 + 1.4 11 + 1.5 13 + 1.6 0.8+ 0.18
200 k 11 + 1.1 34 + 1.4 40 + 1.5 45 + 1.6 3.5+ 0.18
2M 27 + 0.9 68 + 1.1 80 + 1.1 90 + 1.1 7 + 0.1
4
20 M
200 M
1G
75 + 0.2 200 + 0.6 275 + 0.6 325 + 0.6 20 + 0.1
4
200 + 1 550 + 3 600 + 3 650 + 3 80 + 0.5
4
1250 + 5 2500 + 15 2550 + 15 2600 + 15 400 + 2.5
12
)
11
7
1 Year
7
2 Years
0.01PLC
7
8,11
Temperature
Coefficient
± (ppm of reading +
Outside TCAL ± 5°C
A-8 Specifications
Ohms (cont’d)
Settling Characteristics Pre-programmed settling delay times are for <500pF external circuit capacitance. Reading
Ohms Voltage Drop
Measurement Available as a multiple display.
Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.
settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.
2-Wire Resistance Reading Rates
Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488
10,12
Readings/Second with
16
Time Stamp to IEEE-488
PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On
10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 8½ 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)
2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7½ 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 7½ 56 (48) 47 (40) 55 (45) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)
11
0.2
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.01
4-Wire Resistance Reading Rates
3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6½ 222 (197) 156 (139) 220 (196) 148 (132) 156 (139) 107 (95)
11
1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 6½ 330 (317) 176 (169) 305 (293) 166 (159) 157 (151) 110 (106)
11
334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 330 (330) 182 (182) 305 (305) 172 (172) 160 (160) 113 (113)
11
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 384 (384) 186 (186) 352 (352) 172 (172) 179 (179) 123 (123)
8,11
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 2000(2000) 2000(2000)
10,12
Readings or Readings with Time Stamp/Second to Memory or IEEE-488
16
Measurement Default Autozero Off Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero On
PLC Aperture Bits Digits Offset Comp. Off Offset Comp. On Offset Comp. Off Offset Comp. On
10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 8½ 6 ( 5 ) 3 (2.5) 2 (1.6) 1 (0.8)
2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7½ 27 (22) 13 (10.7) 9 (7.4) 4 (3.5) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 7½ 50 (41) 25 (20) 42 (34) 20 (16)
11
0.2
0.1
0.02
0.01
Ohms Notes
3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6½ 154 (137) 76 (68) 115 (102) 54 (48)
11
1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 6½ 184 (176) 92 (88) 123 (118) 63 (60)
11
334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 186 (186) 107 (107) 126 (126) 72 (72)
11
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 211 (211) 107 (107) 133 (133) 72 (72)
1 Current source has an absolute accuracy of ± 5%. 2 Refers to source lead resistance. Sense lead resistance is
limited only by noise considerations. For best results, it is suggested that it be limited to 1.5kΩ.
3 Offset compensation voltage plus source current times
measured resistance must be less than source current
times resistance range selected. 4 For 2-wire mode. 5 Specifications are for 10 power line cycles, 10-reading
repeat digital filter, synchronous autozero, autorange off,
4-wire mode, offset compensation on (for 20 to 20k
ranges), except as noted.
CAL ±1°C, following 4-hour warm-up. TCAL is ambient
6 For T
temperature at calibration (23°C at the factory).
CAL ±5°C, following 4-hour warm-up.
7 For T 8 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero
refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function)
once every 24 hours.
CAL ±5°C, normal autozero. 1-year and 2-year accuracy
9 For T
can be found by applying the same speed accuracy ppm
changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.
10 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, digital filter off,
internal trigger, normal autozero, display off, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.
11 Ohms measurements at rates lower than 1 power line
cycle are subject to potential noise pickup. Care must be taken to provide adequate shielding.
12 Typical values. Peak-to-peak noise equals 6 times rms
noise.
13 Current source is paralleled with a 10M resistance. 14 Specifications apply for 20-reading repeat digital filter,
REF ± 0.5°C (TREF is the initial ambient temperature), and
T for measurements within 10% of the initial measurement value and within 10 minutes of the initial measurement time.
15 Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, normal autozero,
digital filter off, autorange off, 4-wire mode, offset compensation off, except as noted.
16 Using Internal Buffer.
16
DC Amps
DCI Input Characteristics and Accuracy
Range Scale Resolution Voltage
Full Burden ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C
200 µA 210.00000 10 pA 0.25 V 50 + 6 275 + 25 350 + 25 500 + 25 50 + 5
2 mA 2.1000000 100 pA 0.3 V 50 + 5 275 + 20 350 + 20 500 + 20 50 + 5
20 mA 21.000000 1 nA 0.35 V 50 + 5 275 + 20 350 + 20 500 + 20 50 + 5
200 mA 210.00000 10 nA 0.35 V 75 + 5 300 + 20 375 + 20 525 + 20 50 + 5
2 A 2.1000000 100 nA 1.1 V 350 + 5 600 + 20 750 + 20 1000 + 20 50 + 5
DC Current Uncertainty = ± [ (ppm reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) × (range used) ] / 1,000,000.
% Accuracy = (ppm accuracy) / 10,000.
5ppm of Range = 10 counts at 6½ digits.
Maximum Relative Accuracy
6
24 Hours290 Days31 Year
1
3
2 Years
3
Temperature Coefficient
Outside TCAL ±5°C
1
Specifications A-9
DC Amps (cont’d)
DCI Reading Rates
PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On
10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 7½ 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.7) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6)
Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488
2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7½ 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 6½ 56 (48) 47 (40) 55 (45) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)
0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6½ 222 (197) 157 (140) 209 (186) 150 (133) 156 (139) 113 (100)
0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 5½ 334 (321) 178 (171) 310 (298) 168 (161) 186 (178) 124 (119)
0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 334 (334) 184 (184) 310 (310) 174 (174) 187 (187) 127 (127)
0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 387 (387) 186 (186) 355 (355) 176 (176) 202 (202) 128 (128)
7
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)
0.01
4,5
Readings/Second with
9
Time Stamp to IEEE-488
9
Speed and Accuracy 90 Days
±(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise
ACCURACY
1PLC
Range 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off
200 µA 275+25+0 275+25+0.5 300+25+50 300+200+80
2 mA 275+20+0 275+20+0.5 300+20+50 300+200+80
20 mA 275+20+0 275+20+0.5 300+20+50 300+200+80
200 mA 300+20+0 300+20+0.5 325+20+50 325+200+80
2 A 600+20+0 600+20+0.5 625+20+50 625+200+80
PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.
Settling Characteristics <500µs to 50ppm of step
Maximum Allowable Input 2.1A, 250V.
Overload Protection 2A fuse (250V), accessible
DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC 0.01PLC
size. Reading settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.
from front (for front input) and rear (for rear input).
Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of
range, down at 10% of range.
1,8
DC Amps Notes
1 Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, autozero on, 10-reading repeat digital filter.
CAL ± 1°C, following 55-minute warm-up. TCAL is ambient temperature at calibration
2 For T
(23°C at the factory).
CAL ± 5°C, following 55-minute warm-up.
3 For T 4 Typical values. Peak-to-peak noise equals 6 times rms noise. 5 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, internal trigger, digital filter off, normal autozero,
display off, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.
6 Actual maximum burden voltage = (maximum burden voltage) × (I 7 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero refresh (by changing resolution
or measurement function) once every 24 hours.
8 For T
CAL ±5°C, normal autozero. 1-year and 2-year accuracy can be found by applying the
same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.
9 Using Internal Buffer.
DC In-Circuit Current
Measurement Range Chart
10
1
100m
Specified
Measurement Range
10m
1m
Trace Resistance
1mA 10mA 100mA 1A 10A 100A100µA
Measured Current
The DC in-circuit current measurement function allows a user to measure the current through a wire or a circuit board trace without breaking the circuit.
When the In-Circuit Current Measurement function is selected, the 2002 will first perform a 4­wire resistance measurement, then a voltage measurement, and will display the calculated current.
TYPICAL RANGES
Trace Resistance 1m to 10Ω.
Keithley Factory Calibration Uncertainty
4
)
7
Factory calibration uncertainty represents traceability to NIST. This uncertainty is added to relative accuracy specifications to obtain absolute accuracies. The uncertainties for each range are equal to the uncertainty of the respective calibration sources.
Current 100µA to 12A.
Voltage ±200mV max. across trace.
Speed 4 measurements/second at 1 power line cycle.
Accuracy ±(5% + 500µA). For 1 power line cycle, autozero on, 10-
reading digital filter, T
Range ppm of reading
200 µA43
2mA 40
20 mA 55
200 mA 162
2 A 129
MEASURED/I FULL SCALE).
CAL ±5°C, 90 days, 1 year or 2 years.
A-10 Specifications
AC Amps
AC magnitude: rms or Average.
ACI Input Characteristics
rms Peak Full Scale Burden ±(% of reading + % of range)/°C
Range Input rms Resolution Voltage
5
200 µA 1 mA 210.0000 100 pA 0.35 V 0.01 + 0.001
2 mA 10 mA 2.100000 1 nA 0.45 V 0.01 + 0.001
Maximum Coefficient
20 mA 100 mA 21.00000 10 nA 0.5 V 0.01 + 0.001
200 mA 1 A 210.0000 100 nA 0.5 V 0.01 + 0.001
2 A 2 A 2.100000 1 µA 1.5 V 0.01 + 0.001
1,2
ACI Accuracy
90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C, for 5% to 100% of range, ±(% of reading + % of range)
Range 20Hz–50Hz 50Hz–200Hz 200Hz–1kHz 1kHz–10kHz 10kHz–30kHz
200 µA 0.35 + 0.015 0.2 + 0.015 0.4 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015
2 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.25 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015
20 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.25 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015
200 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015 1 + 0.015 3 + 0.015
2 A 0.35 + 0.015 0.2 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.45 + 0.015 1.5 + 0.015 4 + 0.015
AC Current Uncertainty = ±[ (% of reading) × (measured value) + (% of range) × (range used) ] / 100.
ppm Accuracy = (% accuracy) × 10,000.
0.015% of Range = 30 counts at 5½ digits.
ACI Reading Rates
3,4
Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488
PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On
1
10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 6
2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 5 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 5
0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 5
0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 5
0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5
0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4
6
0.01
167 µs (167 µs) 19 4
2 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.7) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6)
1
2 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 28 (23) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4)
1
2 56 (48) 47 (40) 53 (43) 44 (36) 47 (38) 40 (33)
1
2 163 (145) 102 (91) 139 (124) 100 (89) 95 (84) 74 (66)
1
2 163 (156) 104 (100) 139 (133) 101 (97) 95 (91) 75 (72)
1
2 163 (163) 107 (107) 139 (139) 103 (103) 95 (95) 76 (76)
1
2 384 (384) 110 (110) 253 (253) 103 (103) 164 (164) 76 (76)
1
2 2000(2000) 2000(2000)
Temperature
Outside TCAL ±5°C
3
30kHz–50kHz350kHz–100kHz
7
Readings/Second with
Time Stamp to IEEE-488
3
7
AC Coupling
For AC only coupling, add the following % of reading:
20–50Hz 50–100Hz 100–200Hz
rms, Average 0.55 0.09 0.015
AC+DC Coupling
For DC>20% of AC rms voltage, apply the following additional uncertainty, multiplied by the ratio (DC/total rms).
% of Reading % of Range
rms, Average 0.05 0.1
AC Amps Notes
1 Specifications apply for sinewave input, AC+DC coupling, 1
power line cycle, autozero on, digital filter off, following 55­minute warm-up.
2 Add 0.005% of range uncertainty for current above 0.5A
rms for self-heating. 3 Typical values. 4 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, digital filter off,
normal autozero, display off, internal trigger, SREAL
High Crest Factor Additional Error ±(% of reading)
Applies to rms measurements.
Crest Factor 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 5
Additional Error 0 0.1 0.2 0.4
Average ACI Measurement
rms specifications apply for 10% to 100% of range.
Settling Characteristics <300ms to 1% of step change
Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range,
format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.
5 Actual maximum burden voltage = (maximum burden
voltage) × (I
MEASURED/IFULL SCALE).
6 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero
refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.
7 Using Internal Buffer.
<450ms to 0.1% of step change <500ms to 0.01% of step change
down at 10% of range.
Specifications A-11
Frequency Counter
Frequency/Period Input Characteristics and Accuracy 90 Days, 1 Year, or 2 Years
Frequency Period Minimum Signal Level
Range
1
Range Resolution 1Hz–1MHz 1–5MHz 5–15MHz Input Level ±(% of reading)
2
AC Voltage Input 1Hz–15 MHz 67 ns – 1 s 5 digits 60 mV 60 mV 350 mV 1100 V pk AC Current Input 1Hz– 1 MHz 1 µs – 1 s 5 digits 150 µA 1 A pk 0–600mA 0.03
Time Base 7.68MHz ± 0.01%, 0°C to 55°C.
Reading Time 420ms maximum.
Voltage Input Impedance 1MΩ ± 2% with <140pF. Trigger Level Adjustment Trigger level is adjustable in 0.5% of range steps to ±60% of
range in real-time using the up and down range buttons.
Frequency Notes
1 Subject to 2 × 10 2 Valid for the lowest range. For each range increase,
multiply these numbers by 10.
Frequency Ranging Autoranging from Hz to MHz.
Frequency Coupling AC + DC or AC only.
Maximum Trigger Accuracy
1
0–600V 0.03
7
V·Hz product (for inputs above 20V).
Temperature (RTD)
Range Resolution 24 Hours290 Days31 Year32 Years
4-Wire Accuracy
–100° to +100°C 0.001°C ±0.016°C ±0.020°C ±0.021°C ±0.022°C –200° to +630°C 0.001°C ±0.061°C ±0.066°C ±0.068°C ±0.070°C –148° to +212°F 0.001°F ±0.029°F ±0.036°F ±0.038°F ±0.040°F –328° to +1166°F 0.001°F ±0.110°F ±0.119°F ±0.122°F ±0.126°F
RTD Type 100 platinum, DIN 43760, 4-wire. ITS-90 (PT100, D100, F100)
and IPTS-68 (PT385, PT3916).
Sensor Current 960µA (pulsed).
Temperature Coefficient ± 0.001°C/°C or ± 0.002°F/°C outside T
Maximum Source
HI Lead Resistance 200Ω.
Maximum Source
LO Lead Resistance 100Ω.
5
CAL ±5°C.
RTD Temperature Reading Rates 1 (2- or 4-Wire)
3
Readings or Readings with
Time Stamp/Second
to Memory or IEEE-488
PLC Autozero Off Autozero On
10 3 (2.5) 1 (0.8)
2 12 (10) 4 (3.3) 1 20 (16) 17 (13)
0.1 51 (49) 41 (39)
0.01 58 (58) 46 (46)
Temperature (Thermocouple)
Thermo-
couple
Type Range Resolution Accuracy
J –200° to + 760°C 0.001°C ±0.5°C
K –200° to +1372°C 0.001°C ±0.5°C
T –200° to + 400°C 0.001°C ±0.5°C E –200° to +1000°C 0.001°C ±0.6°C
R0° to +1768°C 0.001°C ±3 °C
S0° to +1768°C 0.001°C ±3 °C
B +350° to +1820°C 0.001°C ±5 °C
Temperature Notes
1 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, digital filter off,
display off, normal autozero, internal trigger, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz. Typical values.
CAL ± 1°C, following 4-hour warm-up.
2 For T
CAL ± 5°C, following 4-hour warm-up.
3 For T
TC Temperature Reading Rates
4
PLC Off On Off On Off On
10 6 (5) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)
2 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4) 1 57 (48) 47 (40) 56 (46) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)
0.1 131 (126) 107 (103) 100 (96) 84 (81) 83 (80) 72 (69)
0.01 168 (168) 112 (112) 121 (121) 89 (89) 96 (96) 74 (74)
Readings/Second Readings/Second with Time Stamp
to Memory to IEEE-488
Autozero Autozero Autozero
1
Readings/Second
6
4 Relative to external 0°C reference junction; exclusive of
thermocouple errors. Junction temperature may be
to IEEE-488
external. Applies for 90 days, 1 year or 2 years, T
6
CAL ±5°C.
5 Specifications are for 10 power line cycles, autozero on,
10 reading repeat digital filter, 4-wire mode. Exclusive of RTD probe errors.
6 Using Internal Buffer.
A-12 Specifications
Operating Speed
Function Change Speed
Typical delay before measurement initiation after making a function change.
From To
Function Function Range Time
Any except 4W, Temp DCV Any 4.6 ms 4W, Temp Any 7.6 ms
Any ACV Any 574 ms ACV, DCV, 2W, Freq DCI Any 7.1 ms
4W, Temp Any 10 ms ACI Any 22 ms
Any ACI Any 523 ms Any except 4W, Temp 2W 20 to 2k 4.7 ms
4W, Temp 2W 20 to 2k 7.7 ms
Any 4W 20 to 2k 7.7 ms
Any except ACV, ACI Freq ACV, ACI Any 573 ms
Any Temp Any 7.6 ms
1
20k 15 ms
200k 27 ms
2M 103 ms
20M 153 ms
200M, 1G 253 ms
20k 18 ms
200k 30 ms
2M 105 ms
20M 157 ms
200M, 1G 256 ms
20k 18 ms
200k 30 ms
2M 105 ms
5
Any 60 ms
Range Change Speed
Typical delay before measurement initiation after making a range change.
Function From To Time
DCV Any Any 5.2 ms ACV Any Any 559 ms
DCI Any Any 7.6 ms ACI Any Any 503 ms 2W Any 20 to 2k 5.2 ms
4W Any 20 to 2k 5.2 ms
Any 20k 15 ms Any 200k 27 ms Any 2M 103 ms Any 20M 153 ms
Any 200M, 1G 253 ms
Any 20k 15 ms Any 200k 27 ms Any 2M 103 ms
1
Trigger Speed (External Trigger or Trigger-Link)
Trigger Latency: < 2 µs 1.2 ms typical Trigger Jitter: ± 0.5 µs
GPIB Data Formatting Transmission Time
Format Time Rdg./s Time Rdg./s
DREAL (Double precision real) 0.51 ms 1961 3.1 ms 323
SREAL (Single precision real) 0.38 ms 2632 3.3 ms 303
ASCII 6.2 ms 161 10.2 ms 98
Autozero Off Autozero On
Readings Readings with
Only Time Stamp
2
Single Function Scan Speed3 (Internal Scanner)
2W 4W RTD Temp
DCV (20V) (2k
Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate
TYPE Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second)
Ratio or Delta (2 channels) 8.2 ms 122 8.5 ms 118 18.8 ms 53
Fast Scan (using solid state channels) 8.2 ms 122 6.3 ms 159 501 ms 2 559 ms 1.8 12.8 ms 78
Normal Scan 14 ms 71 11.4 ms 88 14.4 ms 69 506 ms 2 564 ms 1.8 17.2 ms 58 43 ms 23
Operating Speed Notes
per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./
4
1 For display off, 0.01 power line cycles, autorange off,
digital filter off, autozero on, offset compensation off. Display on may impact time by 3% worst case. To eliminate this impact, press ENTER (hold) to freeze display.
2 Using 386/33 computer, average time for 1000 readings,
byte order swapped, display off.
Ω)(2kΩ) ACV Freq TC Temp (2-Wire)
3 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, display off, 0.01
power line cycles, autorange off, digital filter off, offset compensation off, autozero off.
4 Ratio and delta functions output one value for each pair
of measurements.
5 Based on 100kHz input frequency.
Specifications A-13
Maximum Input Levels
Rated Recovery
1
Input
HI to LO ±1100V < 900 ms HI Sense to LO ± 350V pk 250V rms < 900 ms LO Sense to LO ± 150V pk 100V rms < 900 ms I Input to LO 2A, ± 250V (fused) — HI to Earth ±1600V < 900 ms LO to Earth ± 500V
Note 1: For voltages between other terminals, these ratings can be added.
Overload
Time
IEEE-488 Bus Implementation
Implementation IEEE-488.2, SCPI-1991.0.
Multiline Commands DCL, LLO, SDC, GET, GTL,
Uniline Commands IFC, REN, EOI, SRQ, ATN.
Interface Commands SH1, AH1, T5, TE0, L4, LE0,
UNT, UNL, SPE, SPD.
SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, C0, E1.
Digital I/O
Connector Type 8 pin “D” subminiature.
Input One pin, TTL compatible.
Outputs Four pins. Open collector,
Control Direct control by output or
30V maximum pull-up voltage, 100mA maximum sink current, 10 output impedance.
set real-time with limits.
Delay and Timer
Time Stamp Resolution: 1µs.
Delay Time (Trigger edge to reading initiation)
Timer (Reading initiation to reading initiation)
Accuracy: ±0.01% of elapsed time ± 1µs. Maximum: 2,100,000.000000 seconds (24 days, 7 hours).
Maximum: 999,999.999 seconds (11 days, 14 hours). Resolution: 1ms. Jitter: ±1ms.
Maximum: 999,999.999 seconds (11 days, 14 hours). Resolution: 1ms. Jitter: ±1ms.
General Specifications and Standards Compliance
Power Voltage: 90–134V and 180–250V, universal self-selecting.
Environmental Operating Temperature: 0°C to 50°C.
Calibration Type: Software. No manual adjustments required.
Process MIL-STD 45662A.
Physical Case Dimensions: 90mm high × 214mm wide × 369mm deep
Standards EMI/RFI: Conforms to VDE 0871B (per Vfg 1046/1984), IEC
Accessories Supplied The unit is shipped with line cord, high performance modular
Frequency: 50Hz, 60Hz, or 400Hz, self-identifying at power-
up.
Consumption: <55VA.
Storage Temperature: –40°C to 70°C. Humidity: 80% R.H., 0°C to 35°C, per MIL-T-28800E
4.5.5.1.2.
Sources: 2 DC voltages, 6 resistances, and 5 DC currents. All other functions calibrated (adjusted) from these sources and a short circuit. No AC calibrator required for adjustment.
Average Time to Perform: 40 minutes for comprehensive calibration, 6 minutes for AC-only calibration.
(3½ in. × 8½ in. × 14½ in.). Working Dimensions: From front of case to rear including
power cord and IEEE-488 connector: 15.0 inches.
Net Weight: <4.2kg (<9.2 lbs.). Shipping Weight: <9.1kg (<20 lbs.).
801-2. Meets FCC part 15 Class B, CISPR-22 (EN55022). Safety: Conforms to IEC348, CAN/CSA-C22.2. No. 231, MIL-
T-28800E
test leads, operator’s manual, option slot cover, and full calibration data.
1
. Designed to UL1244.
1
Para
Note 1 For MIL-T-28800E, applies to Type III, Class 5, Style E.
Extended Memory/Non-Volatile Memory Options
DATA STORAGE
Model (Bytes) 4½-Digit Time Stamp Type Number Type
Size with Setup Storage
2002 8k 2,027 404 volatile 1 non-volatile 2002/MEM1 32k 6,909 1,381 non-volatile 5 non-volatile 2002/MEM2 128k 29,908 5,980 non-volatile 10 non-volatile
These are the minimum sizes to expect.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
6½-Digit
A-14 Specifications
B
Calibration Programs

B.1 Introduction

This appendix includes programs written in BASIC and Tur­bo C to aid you in calibrating the Model 2002. Refer to Sec­tion 2 for more details on calibration procedures.

B.2 Computer hardware requirements

The following computer hardware is required to run the ex­ample calibration programs:
• IBM PC, AT, or compatible computer.
• Keithley KPC-488.2, KPS-488.2, or KPC-488.2AT, or CEC PC-488 IEEE-488 interface for the computer.
• Two shielded IEEE-488 connecting cables (Keithley Model 7007).

B.3 BASIC program requirements

In order to use the BASIC programs, you will need the fol­lowing software:
• Microsoft QBasic (supplied with MS-DOS 5.0 or later). QuickBASIC (version 4.5 or later) or Visual BASIC for MS-DOS may also be used.
• MS-DOS version 5.0 or later (version 3.3 or later may be used if not using QBasic).
• HP-style Universal Language Driver, CECHP.EXE (supplied with Keithley and CEC interface cards listed above).

B.4 Turbo C program requirements

In order to use the Turbo C programs, you will need the fol­lowing software:
• MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.3 or later.
• Borland Turbo C version 2.0 or later. (Other ANSI­compatible C compilers can also be used, but some pro­gram modifications may be necessary.)
• HP-style Universal Language Driver, CECHP.EXE (supplied with the Keithley and CEC interface cards listed above).

B.5 Calibration equipment

Table B-1 summarizes recommended comprehensive cali­bration equipment, and Table B-2 summarizes test equip­ment required for low-level calibration.
B-1
Calibration Programs
Table B-1
Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration
Mfg. Model Description Specifications*
Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncer-
tainty.
DC Voltage: 2V: ±7ppm 20V: ±5ppm
Resistance: 19: ±26ppm 190: ±17ppm
1.9k: ±11ppm 19k: ±11ppm 100k: ±13ppm 1M: ±18ppm
DC Current: 200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm
Keithley 8610 Low-thermal
shorting plug
* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at speci­fied output.
Table B-2
Recommended equipment for low-level calibration
Mfg. Model Description Specifications*
Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.
DC Voltage: ±2V: ±7ppm +20V: ±5ppm +100V: ±7ppm
Resistance: 19: ±26ppm 190: ±17ppm
1.9k: ±11ppm 19k: ±11ppm 100k: ±13ppm 1M: ±18ppm
DC Current: 200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm
AC Voltage:
0.5mV @ 1kHz: ±10000ppm
5mV @ 100kHz:
±2400ppm
200mV @ 1kHz:
±150ppm
1.5V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm
20V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 30kHz: ±140ppm 200V @ 1kHz: ±85ppm 200V @ 30kHz: ±240ppm
B-2
AC Current: 20mA @ 1kHz: ±160ppm
Keithley 3930A
Synthesizer 2V rms @ 1Hz
or 3940
Keithley 8610 Low-thermal
shorting plug
* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output.
Calibration Programs
Figure B-1
Low-thermal short connections
2002 MULTIMETER
Model 2002
S+ HI
LOS-
Model 8610 Low-thermal short
Note: Connect low-thermal short to rear
panel input jacks and select rear inputs only for low-level calibration step #11.

B.6 General program instructions

1. With the power off, connect the Model 2002 and the calibrator to the IEEE-488 interface of the computer. Be sure to use shielded IEEE-488 cables for bus connections.
2. Turn on the computer, the Model 2002, and the calibra­tor. Allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.
3. Make sure the Model 2002 is set for a primary address of 16. You can check or change the address as follows:
A. Press MENU, select GPIB, then press ENTER. B. Select MODE, then press ENTER. C. Select ADDRESSABLE, and press ENTER. D. If the address is set correctly, press EXIT as neces-
sary to return to normal display.
E. To change the address, use the cursor keys to set the
address to 16, then press ENTER. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.
4. Make sure the calibrator primary address is at its factory default setting of 4.
5. Make sure that the computer IEEE-488 bus driver soft­ware (CECHP.EXE) is properly initialized.
6. Enter the BASIC or Turbo C editor, and type in the de­sired program. Check thoroughly for errors, then save the program using a convenient filename.
7. Compile and/or run the program, and follow the prompts on the screen to perform calibration.

B.8 Comprehensive calibration

Programs B-1 and B-2 will perform comprehensive calibra­tion almost fully automatically using the Fluke 5700A Cali­brator. Figure B-1 shows low-thermal short connections, while Figure B-2 shows calibrator connections.

B.9 Low-level calibration

Programs B-3 and B-4 perform low-level calibration using the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Refer to Figure B-1 and B-3 for low-thermal short and calibrator voltage connections. Figure B-4 shows calibrator current connections. Figure B-5 shows synthesizer connections necessary to supply the 2V AC 1Hz signal.
NOTE
Low-level calibration is not normally re­quired in the field unless the Model 2002 has been repaired.

B.7 Unlocking calibration

In order to unlock comprehensive calibration, briefly press in on the CAL switch with the power turned on. To unlock low­level calibration, press in and hold the CAL switch while turning on the power.
B-3
Calibration Programs
Model 2002
Sense HI
5700A Calibrator
Sense HI
Input HI
2002 MULTIMETER
F
Input LO
Sense LO
Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise.
Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure.
Figure B-2
Connections for comprehensive calibration
Input HI
Model 2002
2002 MULTIMETER
Input LO
Output HI
Output LO
Sense LO
5700A Calibrator
Output HI
Output LO
Figure B-3
Calibrator voltage connections
Model 2002
2002 MULTIMETER
Figure B-4
Calibrator current connections
Input LO
Amps
5700A Calibrator
Output HI
Output LO
Note: Be sure calibrator is set
for normal current output
B-4
Calibration Programs
Model 2002
2002 MULTIMETER
BNC-to-Dual Banana Plug
Adapter
50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable
Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer
3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER
Figure B-5
Synthesizer connections
Program B-1 Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (BASIC Version)
' Model 2002 comprehensive calibration program for use with the ' Fluke 5700A calibrator. ' Rev. 1.2, 4/7/94 OPEN "IEEE" FOR OUTPUT AS #1 ' Open IEEE-488 output path. OPEN "IEEE" FOR INPUT AS #2 ' Open IEEE-488 input path. PRINT #1, "INTERM CRLF" ' Set input terminator. PRINT #1, "OUTTERM LF" ' Set output terminator. PRINT #1, "REMOTE 4 16" ' Put 2002, 5700A in remote. PRINT #1, "CLEAR" ' Send DCL. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES;*CLS" ' Initialize 2002. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESE 1;*SRE 32" ' Enable OPC and SRQ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;*RST;*CLS" ' Reset 5700A calibrator. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;CUR_POST NORMAL" ' Normal current output. C$ = ":CAL:PROT:" ' 2002 partial command header. ' CLS ' Clear CRT. PRINT "Model 2002 Multimeter Comprehensive Calibration Program" PRINT "This program controls the Fluke 5700A Calibrator." GOSUB CheckSwitch GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:INIT" ' Initiate calibration. RESTORE CmdList ' FOR I = 1 TO 16 ' Loop for all cal points. READ Msg$, Cmd$ ' Read message, cal strings. SELECT CASE I ' Select cal sequence.
CASE 1, 15
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT Msg$ GOSUB KeyCheck
CASE 2
PRINT "Connect calibrator to INPUT and SENSE jacks." PRINT "Wait 3 minutes." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE OFF" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"
CASE 3, 11 TO 14
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$
CASE 4 TO 9
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE ON" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OUT?"
Function
Output
B-5
Calibration Programs
PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, R, R$, S Cmd$ = Cmd$ + " " + STR$(R)
CASE 10
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT "Connect calibrator to AMPS and INPUT LO jacks." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"
CASE 16
C$ = ":CAL:"
END SELECT IF I <> 1 AND I <> 15 AND I <> 16 THEN GOSUB Settle PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;"; C$; Cmd$; ";*OPC" ' Send cal command to 2002. GOSUB CalEnd ' Wait until cal step ends. GOSUB ErrCheck ' Check for cal error. NEXT I ' LINE INPUT "Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:DATE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck LINE INPUT "Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:NDUE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:SAVE" ' Save calibration constants. GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:LOCK" ' Lock out calibration. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" ' Restore bench defaults. PRINT "Calibration completed." END ' KeyCheck: ' Check for key press routine. WHILE INKEY$ <> "": WEND ' Flush keyboard buffer. PRINT : PRINT "Press any key to continue (ESC to abort program)." DO: I$ = INKEY$: LOOP WHILE I$ = "" IF I$ = CHR$(27) THEN GOTO EndProg ' Abort if ESC is pressed. RETURN ' CalEnd: ' Check for cal step completion. PRINT "Performing calibration step #"; I DO: PRINT #1, "SRQ?" ' Request SRQ status. INPUT #2, S ' Input SRQ status byte. LOOP UNTIL S ' Wait for operation complete. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESR?" ' Clear OPC. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S PRINT #1, "SPOLL 16" ' Clear SRQ. INPUT #2, S RETURN ' ErrCheck: ' Error check routine. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:ERR?" ' Query error queue. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, E, Err$ IF E <> 0 THEN BEEP: PRINT : PRINT Err$ ' Display error. RETURN ' CheckSwitch: ' Check CAL switch status. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:SWIT?" PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S IF S = 1 THEN RETURN PRINT "Press CAL switch to unlock calibration." BEEP: PRINT #1, "LOCAL 16" GOSUB KeyCheck GOTO CheckSwitch '
PRINT Msg$
B-6
Settle: ' Calibrator settling routine. DO: PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;ISR?" ' Query status register. PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, S LOOP UNTIL (S AND &H1000) ' Test settle bit. RETURN ' EndProg: ' Close files, end program. BEEP: PRINT "Calibration aborted." PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" PRINT #1, "LOCAL 4 16" CLOSE END ' CmdList: DATA "Connect low-thermal short to inputs, wait 3 minutes.","DC:ZERO" DATA "OUT 2 V","DC:V2 2" DATA "OUT 20 V","DC:V20 20" DATA "OUT 1 MOHM","DC:OHM1M" DATA "OUT 100 KOHM","DC:OHM200K" DATA "OUT 19 KOHM","DC:OHM20K" DATA "OUT 1.9 KOHM","DC:OHM2K" DATA "OUT 190 OHM","DC:OHM200" DATA "OUT 19 OHM","DC:OHM20" DATA "OUT 200 UA","DC:A200U 200E-6" DATA "OUT 2 MA","DC:A2M 2E-3" DATA "OUT 20 MA","DC:A20M 20E-3" DATA "OUT 200 MA","DC:A200M 200E-3" DATA "OUT 1A","DC:A2 1" DATA "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT and SENSE jacks.","DC:OPEN" DATA "Performing AC calibration, please wait...","UNPR:ACC"
Calibration Programs
B-7
Calibration Programs
Program B-2 Comprehensive Calibration Program for Use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (C Version)
/* Model 2002 comprehensive calibration program for use with the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Rev. 1.2. 4/7/94 */
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <conio.h>
FILE *ieeein,*ieeeout; main()
{
static char *msg[] = {
"Connect low-thermal short, wait 3 minutes", "out 2 v","out 20 v","out 1 mohm","out 100 kohm", "out 19kohm","out 1.9 kohm","out 190 ohm", "out 19 ohm","out 200 ua","out 2 ma","out 20 ma", "out 200 ma","out 1a", "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT jacks",
"Performing AC calibration, please wait..." }; static char *cmd[] = {
":cal:prot:dc:zero",":cal:prot:dc:v2 2",
":cal:prot:dc:v20 20",":cal:prot:dc:ohm1m ",
":cal:prot:dc:ohm200k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm20k ",
":cal:prot:dc:ohm2k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm200 ",
":cal:prot:dc:ohm20 ",":cal:prot:dc:a200u 200e-6",
":cal:prot:dc:a2m 2e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a20m 20e-3",
":cal:prot:dc:a200m 200e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a2 1",
":cal:prot:dc:open",":cal:unpr:acc" }; void keypress(),errcheck(),chkswit(),settle(),endpgm(); char buf [100],date[10]; int i,j,calend();
if ((ieeein=fopen("IEEE","r"))==NULL) { /* Open input file. */
printf("Cannot open IEEE-488 bus I/O.\n");
exit(1); } ieeeout=fopen("IEEE","w"); /* Open output file. */ setbuf(ieeein,NULL); /* Turn off input buffering. */ setbuf(ieeeout,NULL); /* Turn off output buffering. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"interm crlf\n"); /* Set input terminator. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"outterm lf\n"); /* Set output terminator. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"remote 4 16\n"); /* Put 2002,5700A in remote. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"clear\n"); /* Send DCL. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres;*cls\n");/* Initialize 2002.*/ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*ese 1;*sre 32\n"); /* Enable OPC, SRQ.*/ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;*rst;*cls\n"); /* Reset 5700A. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;cur_post normal\n"); /* Current output */ clrscr(); /* Clear CRT. */
printf("Model 2002 Comprehensive Calibration Program.\n"); printf("This program controls the 5700A Calibrator.\n"); chkswit(); /* Check cal switch. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:init\n"); for(i=0;i<=15;i++) { /* Loop for cal points. */
switch(i) {
case 0: printf("%s\n",msg[i]);
keypress(); break;
case 1: printf("Connect calibrator to 2002.\n"
"Wait 3 minutes.\n"); keypress(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense off\n");
B-8
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n"); break;
case 2: fprintf (ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
break; case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense on\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;out?\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");
fgets(buf,100,ieeein);
j=0;
while (buf[j++] !=’,’);
buf[--j]=’\0’;
break; case 9: fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");
printf("Connect calibrator to AMPS and "
"INPUT LO jacks.\n");
keypress();
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");
break; case 10: case 11: case 12: case 13:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
break; case 14:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");
printf("%s\n",msg[i]);
keypress();
break; case 15:printf("%s\n",msg[i]);
break; } if (i!=0 && i!=14 && 1!=15) settle(); if (i>2 && i<9)
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s%s;*opc\n",cmd[i],buf); else fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s;*opc\n",cmd[i]); calend(i); errcheck();
} printf("Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:date %s\n",date); errcheck(); printf("Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:ndue %s\n",date); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:save\n"); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:lock\n"); printf("Calibration completed.\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); fclose(ieeein);
fclose(ieeeout); } void keypress() /* Wait for keypress. */ {
printf("\nPress any key to continue (ESC to abort).\n");
while(kbhit()==0);
if (getch()==27) endpgm();
Calibration Programs
B-9
Calibration Programs
} int calend(n) /* Check for cal end. */ int n; {
int stat; printf("Performing cal step #%d.\n",n+1); do {
fprintf(ieeeout,"srq?\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat);
}
while (stat==0); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*esr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); fprintf(ieeeout,"spoll 16\n");
} void errcheck() /* Check for error. */ {
} void chkswit() /* Check cal switch. */ {
} void settle() /* Calibrator settle. */ {
} void endpgm() /* End program. */ {
}
fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat);
char errbuf[100]; fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:err?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fgets(errbuf,100,ieeein); if (atoi(errbuf) !=0) printf("\n%s\n",errbuf);
int swit=0; while (swit==0){
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:swit?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&swit); if (swit==0){
printf("Press CAL switch to "
"unlock calibration.\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 16\n"); keypress();
}
}
int stat; do {
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;isr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");
fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); } while (!(stat & 0x1000));
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); printf("Calibration aborted.\n"); exit(1);
B-10
Program B-3 Low-level Calibration Program for Use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (BASIC Version)
' Model 2002 low-level calibration program for use only with the ' Fluke 5700A calibrator. ' Rev. 1.2, 4/7/94 OPEN "IEEE" FOR OUTPUT AS #1 ' Open IEEE-488 output path. OPEN "IEEE" FOR INPUT AS #2 ' Open IEEE-488 input path. PRINT #1, "INTERM CRLF" ' Set input terminator. PRINT #1, "OUTTERM LF" ' Set output terminator. PRINT #1, "REMOTE 4 16" ' Put 2002,5700A in remote. PRINT #1, "CLEAR" ' Send DCL. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES;*CLS" ' Initialize 2002. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESE 1;*SRE 32" ' Enable OPC and SRQ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;*RST;*CLS" ' Reset 5700A calibrator. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;CUR_POST NORMAL" ' Normal current output. C$ = ":CAL:PROT:" ' 2002 partial command header. ' CLS ' Clear CRT. PRINT "Model 2002 Multimeter Low-level Calibration Program." PRINT "This program controls the Fluke 5700A Calibrator." GOSUB CheckSwitch GOSUB KeyCheck RESTORE CmdList PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:INIT" ' Initiate calibration. ' FOR I = 1 TO 29 ' Loop for all cal points. READ Msg$, Cmd$ ' Read message, cal strings. IF I = 17 THEN C$ = ":CAL:PROT:" SELECT CASE I ' Select cal sequence.
CASE 1, 15, 29 PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT Msg$ GOSUB KeyCheck
CASE 2, 17
PRINT "Connect calibrator to INPUT and SENSE jacks." IF I = 2 THEN PRINT "Wait three minutes." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE OFF" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"
CASE 3, 11 TO 14, 18 TO 26
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"
CASE 4 TO 9
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE ON" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OUT?" PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, R, R$, S Cmd$ = Cmd$ + " " + STR$(R)
CASE 10, 28
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT "Connect calibrator to AMPS and INPUT LO jacks." IF I = 28 THEN PRINT "Select FRONT INPUT jacks." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"
CASE 16
C$ = ":CAL:" PRINT Msg$
CASE 27
PRINT Msg$ PRINT "Select REAR INPUTS with FRONT/REAR switch." PRINT "Wait 3 minutes for thermal equilibrium." GOSUB KeyCheck
END SELECT
Calibration Programs
B-11
Calibration Programs
IF I <> 1 AND I <> 15 AND I <> 16 AND I <> 27 AND I <> 29 THEN GOSUB Settle PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;"; C$; Cmd$; ";*OPC" ' Send cal command to 2002. GOSUB CalEnd ' Wait until cal step ends. GOSUB ErrCheck ' Check for cal error. NEXT I ' LINE INPUT "Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:DATE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck LINE INPUT "Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:NDUE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:SAVE" ' Save calibration constants. GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:LOCK" ' Lock out calibration. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" ' Restore bench defaults. PRINT "Calibration completed." END ' KeyCheck: ' Check for key press routine. WHILE INKEY$ <> "": WEND ' Flush keyboard buffer. PRINT : PRINT "Press any key to continue (ESC to abort program)." DO: I$ = INKEY$: LOOP WHILE I$ = "" IF I$ = CHR$(27) THEN GOTO EndProg ' Abort if ESC is pressed. RETURN ' CalEnd: ' Check for cal step completion. PRINT "Performing calibration step #"; I DO: PRINT #1, "SRQ?" ' Request SRQ status. INPUT #2, S ' Input SRQ status byte. LOOP UNTIL S ' Loop until operation complete. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESR?" ' Clear OPC. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S PRINT #1, "SPOLL 16" ' Clear SRQ. INPUT #2, S RETURN ' ErrCheck: ' Error check routine. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:ERR?" ' Query error queue. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, E, Err$ IF E <> 0 THEN BEEP: PRINT : PRINT Err$ ' Display error. RETURN ' CheckSwitch: ' Check CAL switch status. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?" PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S IF S = 1 THEN RETURN PRINT "Calibration is locked. To unlock calibration, hold in CAL" PRINT "switch while turning on power, then restart program." END ' Settle: ' Calibrator settling routine. DO: PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;ISR?" ' Query status register. PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, S LOOP UNTIL (S AND &H1000) ' Test settle bit. RETURN ' EndProg: BEEP: PRINT "Calibration aborted." PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" PRINT #1, "LOCAL 4 16" CLOSE END
B-12
' CmdList: DATA "Connect low-thermal short to inputs, wait 3 minutes.","DC:ZERO" DATA "OUT 2 V","DC:V2 2" DATA "OUT 20 V","DC:V20 20" DATA "OUT 1 MOHM","DC:OHM1M" DATA "OUT 100 KOHM","DC:OHM200K" DATA "OUT 19 KOHM","DC:OHM20K" DATA "OUT 1.9 KOHM","DC:OHM2K" DATA "OUT 190 OHM","DC:OHM200" DATA "OUT 19 OHM","DC:OHM20" DATA "OUT 200 UA","DC:A200U 200E-6" DATA "OUT 2 MA","DC:A2M 2E-3" DATA "OUT 20 MA","DC:A20M 20E-3" DATA "OUT 200 MA","DC:A200M 200E-3" DATA "OUT 1A","DC:A2 1" DATA "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT and SENSE jacks.","DC:OPEN" DATA "Performing AC calibration, please wait...","UNPR:ACC" DATA "OUT 20 V,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 1" DATA "OUT 20 V,30 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 2" DATA "OUT 200 V,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 3" DATA "OUT 200 V,30 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 4" DATA "OUT 1.5 V,1KHZ","LLEV:STEP 5" DATA "OUT 0.2 V,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 6" DATA "OUT 5 MV,100KHZ","LLEV:STEP 7" DATA "OUT 0.5 MV,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 8" DATA "OUT 100 V,0 HZ","LLEV:STEP 9" DATA "OUT -20 V,0 HZ","LLEV:STEP 10" DATA "Connect low-thermal short to rear panel INPUT jacks.","LLEV:STEP 11" DATA "OUT 20 MA,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 12" DATA "Apply 2V rms @ 1Hz from synthesizer to INPUT jacks","LLEV:STEP 13"
Calibration Programs
B-13
Calibration Programs
Program B-4 Low-level Calibration Program for Use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (C Version)
/* Model 2002 low-level calibration program for use with the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Rev. 1.2, 4/7/94 */
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <conio.h>
FILE *ieeein,*ieeeout; main()
{
static char *msg[] = {
"Connect low-thermal short, wait 3 minutes", "out 2 v","out 20 v","out 1 mohm","out 100 kohm", "out 19kohm","out 1.9 kohm","out 190 ohm", "out 19 ohm","out 200 ua","out 2 ma","out 20 ma", "out 200 ma","out 1a", "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT jacks", "Performing AC calibration, please wait...", "out 20 v,1 khz","out 20 v,30 khz","out 200 v,1 khz", "out 200 v,30 khz","out 1.5v,1 khz","out 0.2 v,1 khz", "out 5 mv,100 khz","out 0.5 mv,1 khz","out 100 v,0 hz", "out -20v,0 hz", "Connect low-thermal short to rear INPUT jacks.", "out 20 ma,1 khz",
"Apply 2V rms @ 1Hz from synthesizer to INPUT jacks." }; static char *cmd[] = {
":cal:prot:dc:zero",":cal:prot:dc:v2 2",
":cal:prot:dc:v20 20",":cal:prot:dc:ohm1m ",
":cal:prot:dc:ohm200k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm20k ",
":cal:prot:dc:ohm2k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm200 ",
":cal:prot:dc:ohm20 ",":cal:prot:dc:a200u 200e-6",
":cal:prot:dc:a2m 2e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a20m 20e-3",
":cal:prot:dc:a200m 200e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a2 1",
":cal:prot:dc:open",":cal:unpr:acc",
":cal:prot:llev:step 1",":cal:prot:llev:step 2",
":cal:prot:llev:step 3",":cal:prot:llev:step 4",
":cal:prot:llev:step 5",":cal:prot:llev:step 6",
":cal:prot:llev:step 7",":cal:prot:llev:step 8",
":cal:prot:llev:step 9",":cal:prot:llev:step 10",
":cal:prot:llev:step 11",":cal:prot:llev:step 12",
":cal:prot:llev:step 13" };
void keypress(),errcheck(),chkswit(),settle(),endpgm(); char buf [100],date[10]; int i,j,calend();
if ((ieeein=fopen("IEEE","r"))==NULL) { /* Open input file. */
printf("Cannot open IEEE-488 bus I/O.\n");
exit(1); } ieeeout=fopen("IEEE","w"); /* Open output file. */ setbuf(ieeein,NULL); /* Turn off input buffering. */ setbuf(ieeeout,NULL); /* Turn off output buffering. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"interm crlf\n"); /* Set input terminator. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"outterm lf\n"); /* Set output terminator. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"remote 4 16\n"); /* Put 2002,5700A in remote. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"clear\n"); /* Send DCL. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres;*cls\n");/* Initialize 2002.*/ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*ese 1;*sre 32\n"); /* Enable OPC, SRQ.*/ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;*rst;*cls\n"); /* Reset 5700A. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;cur_post normal\n"); /* Normal current. */
B-14
clrscr(); /* Clear CRT. */ printf(“Model 2002 Calibration Program.\n"); printf(“This program controls the 5700A Calibrator.\n"); chkswit(); /* Check cal switch. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;;cal:prot:init\n"); for(i=0;i<=28;i++) { /* Loop for cal points. */
switch(i) { case 0: case 14: case 28:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");
printf("%s\n",msg[i]); keypress();
break; case 1: case 16:printf("Connect calibrator to INPUT jacks.\n"); if (i==1) printf("Wait 3 minutes.\n");
keypress();
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense off\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");
break; case 2: case 10: case 11: case 12: case 13: case 17: case 18: case 19: case 20: case 21: case 22: case 23: case 24: case 25:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");
break; case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense on\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;out?\n");
fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");
fgets(buf,100,ieeein);
j=0;
while (buf[j++] !=',');
buf[--j]=’\0’;
break; case 9: case 27:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");
printf(“Connect calibrator to AMPS and “
"INPUT LO jacks.\n"); if (i==27) printf(“Select FRONT INPUTS\n"); keypress(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n"); break;
case 15:printf("%s\n",msg[i]);
break;
case 26:printf("%s\n",msg[i]);
printf("Select REAR INPUT jacks with "
"FRONT/REAR switch.\n"
"Wait 3 minutes for thermal “
"equilibrium\n");
Calibration Programs
B-15
Calibration Programs
keypress();
break; } if (i!=0 && i!=14 && i!=15 && i!=26 && i!=28) settle(); if (i>2 && i<9)
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s%s;*opc\n",cmd[i],buf); else fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s;*opc\n",cmd[i]); calend(i); errcheck();
} printf("Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:date %s\n",date); errcheck(); printf("Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:ndue %s\n",date); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:save\n"); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:lock\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); printf("Calibration completed.\n"); fclose(ieeein);
fclose(ieeeout); } void keypress() /* Wait for keypress. */ {
printf("\nPress any key to continue (ESC to abort).\n");
while(kbhit()==0);
if (getch()==27) endpgm(); } int calend(n) /* Check for cal end. */ int n; {
int stat;
printf("Performing calibration step #%d.\n",n+1);
do {
fprintf(ieeeout,"srq?\n");
fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); } while (stat==0); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*esr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); fprintf(ieeeout,"spoll 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat);
} void errcheck() /* Check for error. */ {
char errbuf[100]; fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:err?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fgets(errbuf,100,ieeein); if (atoi(errbuf) !=0) printf("\n%s\n",errbuf);
} void chkswit() /* Check cal switch. */ {
int swit; fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:llev:swit?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&swit); if (swit==0){
printf("Calibration is locked.\n"
"To unlock, hold in CAL while turning on " "power, then restart program.\n");
exit (1);
B-16
} } void settle() /* Calibrator settle. */ {
int stat;
do {
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;isr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");
fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); } while (!(stat & 0x1000));
} void endpgm() /* End program. */ {
fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n"); printf("Calibration aborted.\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); exit(1);
}
Calibration Programs
B-17
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