Keithley 2002 User Manual

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Model 2002Multimeter

Calibration Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

Model 2002 Multimeter

Calibration Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Fourth Printing, May 2004

Document Number: 2002-905-01 Rev. D

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2002-905-01) ....................................................................................... April 1994

Addendum A(Document Number 2002-905-02)................................................................................. October 1995

Addendum A(Document Number 2002-905-03)....................................................................................... July 1996

Revision B (Document Number 2002-905-01) ........................................................................................ June 1998

Revision C (Document Number 2002-905-01) ...............................................................................November 2000

Revision D (Document Number 2002-905-01) ........................................................................................ May 2004

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient overvoltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS,

42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to ex-

pect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

5/03

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

1 Performance Verification

1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Warm-up period .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.4 Line power .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.5 Recommended test equipment ............................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.6 Verification limits ............................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.6.1 Reading limit calculation example.............................................................................................................. 1-2

1.6.2 Additional derating factors.......................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.7 Restoring default conditions ............................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.8 Verification procedures....................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.8.1 DC volts verification................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.8.2 AC volts verification................................................................................................................................... 1-6

1.8.3 DC current verification ............................................................................................................................. 1-11

1.8.4 AC current verification ............................................................................................................................. 1-12

1.8.5 Resistance verification .............................................................................................................................. 1-13

1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification ............................................................................................................... 1-15

1.8.7 Temperature reading checks ..................................................................................................................... 1-17

2 Calibration

2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3 Warm-up period .................................................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.4 Line power .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5 Calibration lock................................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock.................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock .......................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status .......................................................................................................... 2-2

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands.................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.7 Calibration errors ................................................................................................................................................ 2-4

2.7.1 Front panel error reporting.......................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting...................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.8 Comprehensive calibration ................................................................................................................................. 2-4

2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration.......................................................................... 2-4

2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration ....................................................................................................... 2-4

2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration................................................................................................... 2-9

2.9 AC self-calibration............................................................................................................................................ 2-12

2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration........................................................................................................................ 2-12

2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration ............................................................................................................ 2-13

2.10 Low-level calibration......................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration ................................................................................. 2-13

2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary................................................................................................................. 2-13

2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure.............................................................................................. 2-16

2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration procedure ......................................................................................... 2-20

2.11 Single-point calibration ..................................................................................................................................... 2-24

2.11.1 Front panel single-point calibration........................................................................................................... 2-24

2.11.2 IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration ...................................................................................................... 2-24

3 Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Commands........................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2.1 Command summary..................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected Subsystem ................................................................................................................. 3-3

3.3.1 :INIT ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-3

3.3.2 :LOCK ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3.3 :SWITch?..................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.4 :SAVE.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.5 :DATA? ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.6 :DATE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3.7 :NDUE......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3.8 :DC .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-6

3.3.9 :LLEVel..................................................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem............................................................................................................ 3-13

3.4.1 :ACCompensation ..................................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.5 Bus error reporting ............................................................................................................................................ 3-13

3.5.1 Calibration error summary ........................................................................................................................ 3-13

3.5.2 Detecting Calibration Errors...................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion ............................................................................................................... 3-14

3.6.1 Using the *OPC? Query ............................................................................................................................ 3-14

3.6.2 Using the *OPC command ........................................................................................................................ 3-14

3.6.3 Generating an SRQ on calibration complete ............................................................................................. 3-14

APPENDICES

A Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. A-1

B Calibration Programs .................................................................................................................................. B-1

C Calibration Messages.................................................................................................................................. C-1

D Calibration Command Summary................................................................................................................ D-1

List of Illustrations

1 Performance Verification

Figure 1-1 Connections for DC volts verification ........................................................................................................ 1-5

Figure 1-2 Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz) .......................................................................... 1-7

Figure 1-3 Connections for 2MHz AC volts verification ............................................................................................. 1-7

Figure 1-4 Connections for DC current verification................................................................................................... 1-11

Figure 1-5 Connections for AC current verification................................................................................................... 1-12

Figure 1-6 Connections for resistance verification (20 Ω -2M Ω ranges)..................................................................... 1-14

Figure 1-7 Connections for resistance verification (20M Ω and 200M Ω ranges)....................................................... 1-14

Figure 1-8 1G Ω resistor test box construction............................................................................................................ 1-15

Figure 1-9 Connections for frequency accuracy verification ..................................................................................... 1-16

2 Calibration

Figure 2-1 Low-thermal short connections................................................................................................................... 2-5

Figure 2-2 Calibrator connections for DC volts and ohms portion of comprehensive calibration............................... 2-6

Figure 2-3 Connections for amps comprehensive calibration ...................................................................................... 2-8

Figure 2-4 Calibrator voltage connections.................................................................................................................. 2-18

Figure 2-5 Synthesizer connections............................................................................................................................ 2-20

APPENDICES

Figure B-1 Low-thermal short connections.................................................................................................................. B-3

Figure B-2 Connections for comprehensive calibration............................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-3 Calibrator voltage connections................................................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-4 Calibrator current connections ................................................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-5 Synthesizer connections............................................................................................................................. B-5

iii

List of Tables

1 Performance Verification

Table 1-1 Recommended Test Equipment for Performance Verification.................................................................. 1-3

Table 1-2 Limits for DCV verification....................................................................................................................... 1-5

Table 1-3 Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification....................................................................................... 1-8

Table 1-4 Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification........................................................................... 1-9

Table 1-5 Limits for AC peak voltage verification .................................................................................................. 1-10

Table 1-6 Limits for DC current verification ........................................................................................................... 1-11

Table 1-7 Limits for AC current verification ........................................................................................................... 1-13

Table 1-8 Limits for resistance verification (20 Ω -200M Ω ranges) ......................................................................... 1-15

Table 1-9 Limits for resistance verification (1G Ω range)........................................................................................ 1-15

Table 1-10 Frequency verification limits ................................................................................................................... 1-16

Table 1-11 Thermocouple temperature reading checks ............................................................................................. 1-17

Table 1-12 RTD probe temperature reading checks................................................................................................... 1-18

2 Calibration

Table 2-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary .......................................................................................... 2-3

Table 2-2 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration......................................................................... 2-4

Table 2-3 Front panel comprehensive calibration summary ...................................................................................... 2-5

Table 2-4 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary.................................................................................. 2-9

Table 2-5 Ohms calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-11

Table 2-6 Amps calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-12

Table 2-7 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration................................................................................ 2-14

Table 2-8 Low-level calibration summary ............................................................................................................... 2-15

Table 2-9 Ohms calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-22

Table 2-10 Amps calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-22

3 Calibration Command Reference

Table 3-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary .......................................................................................... 3-2

Table 3-2 Comprehensive calibration commands ...................................................................................................... 3-6

Table 3-3 Low-level calibration commands............................................................................................................. 3-11

Appendices

Table B-1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration......................................................................... B-2

Table B-2 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration.................................................................................. B-2

Table C-1 Calibration error messages......................................................................................................................... C-2

Table C-2 Calibration constants returned by :CAL:PROT:DATA? query................................................................. C-4

Table D-1 Calibration commands ............................................................................................................................... D-1

Performance Veriﬁcation

1.1 Introduction

The procedures in this section are intended to verify that Model 2002 accuracy is within the limits stated in the instrument one-year accuracy speciﬁcations. These procedures can be performed when the instrument is ﬁrst received to ensure that no damage or misadjustment has occurred during shipment. Veriﬁcation may also be performed whenever there is a question of instrument accuracy, or following calibration, if desired.

NOTE

If the instrument is still under warranty, and its performance is outside speciﬁed limits, contact your Keithley representative or the factory to determine the correct course of action.

This section includes the following:

1.2 Environmental conditions: Covers the temperature

and humidity limits for veriﬁcation.

1.3 Warm-up period: Describes the length of time the

Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before testing.

1.4 Line power: Covers power line voltage ranges during

testing.

1.5 Recommended equipment: Summarizes recom-

mended equipment and pertinent speciﬁcations.

1.6 Veriﬁcation limits: Explains how reading limits were

calculated.

1.7 Restoring factory default conditions: Gives step-by-

step procedures for restoring default conditions before each test procedure.

1.8 Veriﬁcation procedures: Details procedures to verify

measurement accuracy of all Model 2002 measurement functions.

1.2 Environmental conditions

Veriﬁcation measurements should be made at an ambient temperature of 18–28°C (65–82°F), and at a relative humidity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

1.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2002 must be allowed to warm up for the following time period before performing the veriﬁcation procedures:

• DC volts and ohms: four hours

• AC volts, AC current, DC current: one hour

If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in paragraph 1.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the speciﬁed temperature range.

The test equipment should also be allowed to warm up for the minimum period speciﬁed by the manufacturer.

1-1

Performance Verification

1.4 Line power

The Model 2002 should be tested while operating from a line voltage in the range of 90–134V or 180–250V at a frequency of 50, 60, or 400Hz.

1.5 Recommended test equipment

Table 1-1 lists all test equipment required for veriﬁcation. Alternate equipment may be used as long as that equipment has speciﬁcations at least as good as those listed in the table.

NOTE

The calibrator listed in Table 1-1 is sufﬁciently accurate to verify Model 2002 accuracy to total factory calibration uncertainty. It is not accurate enough to verify Model 2002 relative accuracy speciﬁcations alone.

1.6 Veriﬁcation limits

The veriﬁcation limits stated in this section have been calculated using the Model 2002 one-year relative accuracy speciﬁcations and the total absolute uncertainty of the factory recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1). DCV, DCI, and ohms limits also include factory calibration uncertainty. (See speciﬁcations.) Those who are using calibration sources with better absolute uncertainty should recalculate the limits using the Model 2002 relative accuracy speciﬁcations, the absolute uncertainty speciﬁcations of the calibration sources, and factory calibration uncertainty (DCV, DCI, and ohms).

1.6.1 Reading limit calculation example

As an example of how reading limits are calculated, assume that the 20VDC range is being tested using a 19V input value, and the various speciﬁcations are as follows:

• Model 2002 relative accuracy: ±(10ppm of reading +

0.15ppm of range)

• Model 2002 factory calibration uncertainty: ±2.6ppm of reading

• Calibrator total absolute uncertainty at 19V output: ±5.4ppm

The calculated limits are:

Reading limits = 19V ± [(19V × (10ppm + 2.6ppm)) + (20V

0.15ppm) + 19V × 5.4ppm]

Reading limits = 19V ± 0.000345V

Reading limits = 18.999655V to 19.000345V

1.6.2 Additional derating factors

Certain functions and ranges are subject to certain derating factors that must be included when calculating reading limits. For example, coupling errors must be added to lowfrequency AC limits, while AC voltage limits for inputs above 100V are subject to additional derating factors.

Always read the associated speciﬁcation notes to determine if any derating factors apply before calculating reading limits.

1.7 Restoring default conditions

Before performing each performance veriﬁcation procedure, restore instrument bench default conditions as follows:

1. From the normal display mode, press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

2. Select SAVESETUP, and press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

SETUP MENU

SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET

3. Select RESET, and press ENTER. The display will then appear as follows:

RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS

BENCH GPIB

4. Select BENCH, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

RESETTING INSTRUMENT

ENTER to confirm; EXIT to abort

5. Press ENTER again to conﬁrm instrument reset. The instrument will return to the normal display with bench defaults restored.

1-2

Performance Verification

Table 1-1

Recommended Test Equipment for Performance Veriﬁcation

Mfg. Model Description Speciﬁcations*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

DC Voltage:

190mV: ±11ppm

1.9V: ±7ppm 19V: ±5ppm 190V: ±7ppm 1000V: ±9ppm

AC Voltage, 10Hz-1MHz

(40Hz-20kHz speciﬁcations): 190mV: ±150ppm

1.9V: ±78ppm 19V: ±78ppm 190V: ±85ppm 750V: ±85ppm (50Hz-1kHz)

DC current:

190µA: ±103ppm

1.9mA: ±55ppm 19mA: ±55ppm 190mA: ±65ppm

1.9A: ±96ppm

AC Current, 40Hz-10kHz

(40Hz-1kHz speciﬁcations): 190µA: ±245ppm

1.9mA: ±160ppm 19mA: ±160ppm 190mA: ±170ppm

1.9A: ±670ppm

Resistance:

19Ω: ±26ppm 190Ω: ±17ppm

1.9kΩ: ±12ppm 19kΩ: ±11ppm 190kΩ: ±13ppm

1.9MΩ: ±19ppm 19MΩ: ±47ppm 100MΩ: ±120ppm

Fluke 5725A Ampliﬁer AC Voltage, 1kHz-10kHz:

Fluke 5700A-03 Wideband AC option 190mV ± 0.22%, 1.9V ± 0.3% @ 2MHz

Fluke 5440A-7002 Low-thermal cable set

Keithley CA-18-1 Low-capacitance cable Low-capacitance dual banana to dual banana shielded cable (for

Keithley R-289-1G 1GΩ resistor NOTE: Resistor should be characterized to within ±1,000ppm and

Metal component box (for 1GΩ resistor)

Banana plugs (2) for test box One insulated, one non-insulated.

Keithley 3940 Multifunction Synthesizer 1Hz-15MHz, ±5ppm

General Radio

— — Megaohmmeter 1GΩ, ±0.5%

* 90-day calibrator speciﬁcations shown include total absolute uncertainty at speciﬁed output.

1433-T Precision Decade Resistance Box 10-400Ω, ±0.02%

750V: ±85ppm

ACV), 1.2m (4 ft.) in length.

mounted in shielded test box (see procedure).

1-3

Performance Verification

1.8 Veriﬁcation procedures

The following paragraphs contain procedures for verifying instrument accuracy speciﬁcations for the following measuring functions:

• DC volts

• AC volts

• DC current

• AC current

• Resistance

• Frequency

• Temperature

NOTE

The following veriﬁcation procedures are intended to verify the accuracy of the Model 2002 and include reading limits based on the Model 2002 relative accuracy speciﬁcations and the total uncertainty of the recommended calibrator. DCV, DCI, and ohms limits include factory calibration uncertainty.

1.8.1 DC volts veriﬁcation

DC voltage accuracy is veriﬁed by applying accurate DC voltages from a calibrator to the Model 2002 input and verifying that the displayed readings fall within speciﬁed ranges.

Follow the steps below to verify DCV measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not exceed 1100V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO, or instrument damage may occur.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-1. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI and calibrator LO to Model 2002 INPUT LO as shown.

NOTE

Use shielded, low-thermal connections when testing the 200mV and 2V ranges to avoid errors caused by noise or thermal offsets. Connect the shield to calibrator output LO.

If the Model 2002 is out of speciﬁcations and not under warranty, refer to the calibration procedures in Section 2.

WARNING

The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between INPUT LO and chassis ground) is 500V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insulation, creating a shock hazard. Some of the procedures in this section may expose you to dangerous voltages. Use standard safety precautions when such dangerous voltages are encountered to avoid personal injury caused by electric shock.

NOTE

Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2002 through a scanner or other switching equipment.

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a four-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCV. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

5. Select the Model 2002 200mV DC range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the ﬁlter.)

NOTE

Do not use auto-ranging for any of the veriﬁcation tests because auto-range hysteresis may cause the Model 2002 to be on an incorrect range.

1-4

Performance Verification

6. Set the calibrator output to 0.00000mVDC, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Enable the Model 2002 REL mode. Leave REL enabled for the remainder of the DC volts veriﬁcation test.

8. Set the calibrator output to +190.00000mVDC, and allow the reading to settle.

9. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-2.

10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the remaining ranges and voltages listed in Table 1-2.

11. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with negative voltages of the same magnitude as those listed in Table 1-2.

Input HI

Model 2002

Output HI

Table 1-2

Limits for DCV veriﬁcation

2002 DCV Range

Applied DC Voltage

Reading Limits (1 year, 18° to 28°C)

200mV 190.000000mV 189.991911mV to 190.008089mV

2V 1.90000000V 1.89996058 to 1.90003942V

20V 19.0000000V 18.9996550V to 19.0003450V

200V 190.000000V 189.993691V to 190.006309V

1000V 1000.0000V 999.94640V to 1000.05360V

NOTES:

1. Repeat procedure for negative voltages of same magnitude.

2. Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see speciﬁcations).

5700A Calibrator (Output DC Voltage)

2002 MULTIMETER

Figure 1-1

Connections for DC volts veriﬁcation

Input LO

Note : Use shielded, low-thermal cables when testing 200mV and 2V ranges.

Output LO

1-5

Performance Verification

1.8.2 AC volts veriﬁcation

AC voltage accuracy is checked by applying accurate AC voltages at speciﬁc frequencies from an AC calibration source and then verifying that each Model 2002 AC voltage reading falls within the speciﬁed range. The two ACV veriﬁcation procedures that follow include:

• Normal Mode

• Low-frequency Mode

CAUTION

Do not exceed 1100V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO, or 2 ×

V•Hz input, or instrument damage

may occur.

Normal mode

1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and ampliﬁer, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect ampliﬁer HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI and ampliﬁer LO to Model 2002 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power ampliﬁer to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when performing AC volts tests. Also, do not enable the ﬁlter.

5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a frequency of 100Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-3.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for 190mVAC at the remaining frequencies listed in Table 1-3 (except 2MHz). Verify that instrument readings fall within the required limits listed in the table.

8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-3.

9. Connect the Model 2002 to the wideband calibrator output (see Figure 1-3).

10. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mV at a frequency of 2MHz.

11. Verify that the reading is within the limits shown in Table 1-3.

12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for 1.90000V input on the 2V range.

CAUTION

Do not attempt to test the 20V–1000V ranges at 2MHz.

1-6

Performance Verification

5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)

Model 2002

1.90000 VAC RMS

2001 MULTIMETER

Input HI

Output HI

Input LO

CA-18-1 Low-

capacitance cable

Figure 1-2

Connections for AC volts veriﬁcation (all except 2MHz)

BNC to dual

banana

50Ω

terminator

Model 2002

Output LO

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)

5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)

1.90000 VAC RMS

2002 MULTIMETER

50Ω Coax

Figure 1-3

Connections for 2MHz AC volts veriﬁcation

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)

Wideband

output

1-7

Performance Verification

Table 1-3

Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification

180.100mVto199.900mV

186.000mVto194.000mV

1.80100Vto1.99900V

1.86000Vto1.94000V

18.2000Vto19.8000V

***

188.525mVto191.475mV

1.88525Vto1.91475V

18.8525Vto19.1475V

190.607V

189.393V

189.830Vto190.170V

189.868Vto190.132V

*****

748.87Vto751.13V

190.115mV

1.89400Vto1.90600V

1.89885V

1.89933Vto1.90068V

189.400mVto190.600mV

189.885mV

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

189.933mVto190.068mV

1.90115V

18.9400Vto19.0600V

18.9837Vto19.0163V

18.9875Vto19.0125V

1-8

2002

Applied

ACV

100Hz 1kHz 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 200kHz 1MHz 2MHz

voltage

range

189.942mVto190.058mV

200mV 190.000mV 189.914mV

190.087mV

1.89942Vto1.90058V

1.90087V

2V 1.90000V 1.89914V

18.9894Vto19.0106V

18.9913Vto19.0087V

19.0116V

20V 19.0000V 18.9885V

190.113V

189.887V

189.906Vto190.094V

190.122V

200V 190.000V 189.878V

749.02Vto750.98V

749.09Vto750.91V

V•Hz input.

751.02V

750V 750.00V 748.98V

** CAUTION: Do not exceed 2 × 10

** Use wideband option and connections for 2MHz tests.

NOTE: Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1). Reading limits also include the adder for AC Coupling of the input.

Performance Verification

Table 1-4

Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage veriﬁcation

2002 ACV

range

Applied

voltage

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

10Hz 50Hz 100Hz

200mV 190.000mV 189.837mV

190.163mV

189.904mV

190.097mV

189.923mV to

190.077mV

2V 1.90000V 1.89875V

1.90125V

1.89923V to

1.90078V

1.89942V to

1.90058V

20V 19.0000V 18.9837V

19.0163V

18.9904V to

19.0097V

18.9913V to

19.0087V

200V 190.000V 189.849V

190.151V

189.906V to

190.094V

189.906V to

190.094V

750V 750.00V * 749.09V

750.91V

749.09V to

750.91V

* Recommended calibrator/ampliﬁer cannot source this voltage/frequency. Notes:

1. Speciﬁcations above 100Hz are the same as normal mode.

2. Limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1).

Low-frequency mode

1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and ampliﬁer, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the ampliﬁer HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI and ampliﬁer LO to Model 2002 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power ampliﬁer to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when performing AC volts tests. Also, do not enable the ﬁlter.

5. Select the low-frequency mode as follows: A. Press CONFIG ACV, select AC-TYPE, then press

ENTER. B. Select LOW-FREQ-RMS, then press ENTER. C. Press EXIT as required to return to normal display.

6. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a frequency of 10Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-4.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 190mVAC at the remaining frequencies listed in the table.

9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-4.

1-9

Performance Verification

AC peak mode

1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and ampliﬁer, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the ampliﬁer HI to Model 2002 INPUT HI, and the ampliﬁer LO to MODEL 2002 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power ampliﬁer to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore the Model 2002 factory default conditions.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when performing AC volts tests. Use AC coupling for 5kHz-1MHz tests. Use AC+DC coupling for 20Hz tests. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set up coupling).

5. Select the AC peak and ﬁlter modes as follows: A. Press CONFIG then ACV, select AC-TYPE, then

press ENTER.

B. Select PEAK, then press ENTER. C. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. D. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. E. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. F. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. G. If the FLT annunciator is off, press FILTER to

enable the ﬁlter.

6. Set the calibrator output to 100.000mVAC at a frequency of 5kHz, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-5.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 100mVAC at the remaining frequencies listed in the table.

9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-6.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 400V at 50kHz, 80V at 250kHz, 40V at 500kHz, or 20V at 1MHz, or instrument damage may occur.

10. Set input coupling to AC+DC, then repeat the procedure for a 20Hz input signal.

Table 1-5

Limits for AC peak voltage veriﬁcation

2002 ACV range

200mV 100mV 139.9mV

2V 1V 1.407V

20V 10V 13.99V

200V 100V 140.7V

Applied voltage*

20Hz† 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 250kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz

139.9mV

142.9mV

1.407V

1.421V

13.99V

14.30V

140.7V

142.2V

750V 500V — 701.3V

712.9V

** Calibrator voltage is given as an RMS value. Model 2002 reading limits are peak AC values.

** CAUTION: Do not apply more than 2 × 10 † Use AC+DC input coupling for 20Hz tests only. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set coupling.) NOTE: Limits shown include uncertainty of recommended calibrator.

V•Hz.

Allowable readings (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

139.9mV to

143.0mV

1.407V to

1.422V

13.98V to

14.30V

140.6V to

142.2V

701.0V

139.8mV to

143.0mV

1.406V to

1.422V

13.98V to

14.31V

140.6V to

142.3V

139.7mV to

143.2mV

1.405V to

1.424V

13.97V to

14.32V

140.5V to

142.4V

** ** ** ** ** **

713.2V

138.6mV to

144.2mV

1.394V to

1.434V

13.86V to

14.42V

136.5mV to

146.4mV

1.373V to

1.456V

13.65V to

14.64V

132.2mV to

150.6mV

1.330V to

1.498V

13.22V to

15.06V

** ** ** **

127.3mV to

155.5mV

1.281V to

1.547V

12.73V to

15.55V

1-10

Performance Verification

1.8.3 DC current veriﬁcation

DC current accuracy is checked by applying accurate DC currents from a calibrator to the instrument AMPS input and then verifying that the current readings fall within appropriate limits.

Follow the steps below to verify DCI measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the amps protection fuse will blow.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-4. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO as shown.

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements. Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current output.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Set digital ﬁlter averaging as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCI. B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

E. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

5. Select the DC current function (DCI) and the 200µA range on the Model 2002. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the ﬁlter.)

6. Set the calibrator output to +190.0000µADC, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-6.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the remaining ranges and currents listed in Table 1-6.

9. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with negative currents of the same magnitude as those listed in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6

Limits for DC current veriﬁcation

2002 DCI range

Applied DC current

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

200µA 190.0000µA 189.9010µA to 190.0990µA

2mA 1.900000mA 1.899114mA to 1.900886mA

20mA 19.00000mA 18.99085mA to 19.00915mA

200mA 190.0000mA 189.8816mA to 190.1184mA

2A 1.900000A 1.898108A to 1.901892A

NOTES:

1. Repeat procedure for negative currents.

2. Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recom-

mended calibrator (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see speciﬁcations).

Model 2002

19.00000 mADC

2002 MULTIMETER

Figure 1-4

Connections for DC current veriﬁcation

Input LO

Amps

5700A Calibrator (Output DC Current)

Output HI

Output LO

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for

normal current output.

1-11

Performance Verification

1.8.4 AC current veriﬁcation

AC current veriﬁcation is performed by applying accurate AC currents at speciﬁc frequencies and then verifying that Model 2002 readings fall within speciﬁed limits.

Follow the steps below to verify ACI measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the current protection fuse will blow.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-5. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO as shown.

Model 2002

190.000 µAAC RMS

2002 MULTIMETER

Input LO

Output HI

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements. Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current output.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the AC current function and the 200µA range on the Model 2002.

5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000µA AC at a frequency of 40Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits for the present current and frequency summarized in Table 1-7.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for each frequency listed in Table 1-7.

8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the remaining ranges and frequencies listed in Table 1-7.

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Current)

Figure 1-5

Connections for AC current veriﬁcation

Amps

Output LO

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for

normal current output.

1-12

Table 1-7

Limits for AC current veriﬁcation

Performance Verification

2002 ACI

range

200µA 190.000µA 188.260mV

2mA 1.90000mA 1.88355V

20mA 19.0000mA 18.8355V

200mA 190.000mA 188.355V

2A 1.90000A 1.88250V

NOTE: Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1).

Applied AC

current

40Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz

191.740mV

1.91645V

19.1645V

191.645V

1.91750V

1.8.5 Resistance veriﬁcation

Resistance veriﬁcation is performed by connecting accurate resistance values to the instrument and verifying that Model 2002 resistance readings are within stated limits.

Follow the steps below to verify resistance measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 1100V peak between INPUT HI and LO or more than 150V peak between SENSE HI and LO, or instrument damage may occur.

20Ω – 2M range veriﬁcation

1. Using shielded 4-wire connections, connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-6. Be sure to connect calibrator HI and LO terminals to the Model 2002 HI and LO terminals (including SENSE HI and LO) as shown.

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a four-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

3. Set the calibrator for 4-wire resistance (external sense on).

4. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

189.562mV to

190.439mV

1.89657V to

1.90344V

18.9657V to

19.0344V

189.657V to

190.344V

1.89552V to

1.90449V

5. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:

A. From normal display, press CONFIG then Ω4. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. G. Select OFFSETCOMP, then press ENTER. H. Select ON, then press ENTER. (Note that OFFSET-

COMP cannot be used with the 200kΩ and 2MΩ

ranges.) I. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

6. Select the Ω4 function, and place the instrument on the 20Ω range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the ﬁlter.)

7. Set the calibrator to output 19Ω, and allow the reading to settle. Verify that the reading is within the limits stated in Table 1-8.

Resistance values available in the Model 5700A calibrator may be slightly different than the stated nominal resistance values. Limits stated in Table 1-8 should be recalculated based on actual calibrator resistance values.

189.210mV to

190.790mV

1.89742V to

1.90258V

18.9742V to

19.0258V

189.742V to

190.258V

1.89390V to

1.90610V

NOTE

189.020mV to

190.980mV

1.89742V to

1.90258V

18.9742V to

19.0258V

189.685V to

190.315V

1.89105V to

1.90895V

1-13

Performance Verification

8. Set the calibrator output to 190Ω, and allow the reading

to settle.

9. Verify that the reading is within the limits stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if calibrator resistance is not exactly as listed.)

10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the 2kΩ through 2MΩ ranges

using the values listed in Table 1-8. (Do not use offset compensation for the 200kΩ and 2MΩ ranges.)

20MΩ and 200MΩ range veriﬁcation

1. Connect the DC calibrator and Model 2002 using the 2wire connections shown in Figure 1-7.

2. Set the calibrator to the 2-wire mode (external sense off).

3. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:

Sense HI

Model 2002

Input HI

1.90000000 kΩ OCmp

2002 MULTIMETER

Output HI

A. From normal display, press CONFIG then Ω2. B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER. C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER. D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

4. Select the Model 2002 Ω2 function, and change to the 20MΩ range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the ﬁlter.)

5. Set the calibrator to output 19MΩ, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the reading is within the limits for the 20MΩ range stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if actual calibrator resistance differs from value shown.)

7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for the 200MΩ range (output 100MΩ).

5700A Calibrator (Output 4-wire Resistance)

Input LO

Sense LO

Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable calibrator external sense mode.

Output LO

Figure 1-6

Connections for resistance veriﬁcation (20Ω-2MΩ ranges)

Model 2002

Input HI

19.0000000 MΩ

2002 MULTIMETER

Input LO

Note: Use shielded cable to minimize noise.

Disable calibrator external sense mode.

Figure 1-7

Connections for resistance veriﬁcation (20MΩ and 200MΩ ranges)

Output HI

Output LO

Sense LO

5700A Calibrator (Output 2-Wire Resistance)

1-14

Performance Verification

Table 1-8

Limits for resistance veriﬁcation (20Ω-200MΩ ranges)

Nominal 2002 Ω range

applied

resistance

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

20Ω 19Ω 18.9985025Ω to 19.0014975Ω 200Ω 190Ω 189.991277Ω to 190.008723Ω 2kΩ 1.9kΩ 1.89994714kΩ to 1.90005286kΩ 20kΩ 19kΩ 18.9994638kΩ to 19.0005362kΩ 200kΩ 190kΩ 189.989313kΩ to 190.010687kΩ 2MΩ 1.9MΩ 1.89981109MΩ to 1.90018891MΩ 20MΩ 19MΩ 18.9940619MΩ to 19.0059381MΩ 200MΩ 100MΩ 99.930910MΩ to 100.069090MΩ

Notes:

1. Limits shown include total absolute calibrator uncertainty (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see speciﬁcations), and are based on nominal calibration values shown. Recalculate limits using Model 2002 relative accuracy speciﬁcations, factory calibration uncertainty, and calibrator absolute uncertainty if calibrator resistance values differ from nominal values shown.

2. Use 4-wire connections and function for 20Ω-2MΩ ranges. Use 2wire connections and function for 20MΩ and 200MΩ ranges.

1GΩ range veriﬁcation

1. Mount the 1GΩ resistor and the banana plugs to the test

box, as shown in Figure 1-8. Be sure to mount the banana plugs with the correct spacing. The resistor should be completely enclosed in and shielded by the metal test box. The resistor LO lead should be electrically connected to the test box to provide adequate shielding.

1GΩ Resistor (Keithley part # R-289-1G)

Insulated

Plug

0.75"

Banana

Plugs

Non-insulated Plug

Note: Resistor must be accurately characterized before use (see text).

Metal

Test Box

Figure 1-8

1GΩ resistor test box construction

2. Characterize the 1GΩ resistor to within ±1,000ppm or

better using an accurate megohm bridge or similar equipment. Record the characterized value where indicated in Table 1-9. Also compute the limits based on the value of R using the formula at the bottom of the table.

NOTE

The actual value of the 1GΩ resistor should not exceed 1.05GΩ.

3. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

4. Select the 2-wire ohms function (Ω2) and the 1GΩ

range on the Model 2002. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the ﬁlter.)

5. Connect the 1GΩ resistor test box (from steps 1 and 2)

to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2002. (Be sure that the box shield is connected to INPUT LO.) Allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits you calculated and recorded in Table 1-9.

Table 1-9

Limits for resistance veriﬁcation (1GΩ range)

Characterized resistor (R)

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

_________ GΩ _________ GΩ to _________ GΩ

* 1 year limits = R ± (0.002065R + 15,000)Ω Where R = characterized value of 1GΩ resistor in ohms.

1.8.6 Frequency accuracy veriﬁcation

Frequency accuracy veriﬁcation is performed by connecting an accurate frequency source to Model 2002 inputs, and then verifying that the frequency readings are within stated limits.

Use the procedure below to verify the frequency measurement accuracy of the Model 2002.

1. Connect the frequency synthesizer to the Model 2002 INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 1-9.

2. Turn on both instruments, and allow a one-hour warmup period before measurement.

1-15

Performance Verification

3. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows:

FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 5V p-p OFFSET: 0V MODE: CONT FCTN: sine

4. Restore Model 2002 factory defaults, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

5. Set maximum signal level to 10V as follows: A. Press CONFIG then FREQ. B. Select MAX-SIGNAL-LEVEL, then press ENTER. C. Choose 10V, then press ENTER. D. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

6. Press the FREQ key to select the frequency function.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 frequency reading is within the limits shown in the ﬁrst line of Table 1-10.

BNC-to-Dual

Banana Plug

Model 2002

1.0000 MHz

Adapter

8. Set the synthesizer to each of the frequencies listed in Table 1-10, and verify that the Model 2002 frequency reading is within the required limits.

Table 1-10

Frequency veriﬁcation limits

Synthesizer frequency

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

1Hz 0.9997Hz to 1.0003Hz

10Hz 9.9970Hz to 10.003Hz

100Hz 99.970Hz to 100.03Hz

1kHz 0.9997kHz to 1.0003kHz

10kHz 9.9970kHz to 10.003kHz

100kHz 99.970kHz to 100.03kHz

1MHz 0.9997MHz to 1.0003MHz

10MHz 9.9970MHz to 10.003MHz

15MHz 14.996MHz to 15.004MHz

Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer

Main

Function

Output

Figure 1-9

Connections for frequency accuracy veriﬁcation

1-16

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

Performance Verification

1.8.7 Temperature reading checks

When using thermocouples, the Model 2002 displays temperature by measuring the DC thermocouple voltage, and then calculating the corresponding temperature. Similarly, the instrument computes RTD temperature readings by measuring the resistance of the RTD probe and calculating temperature from the resistance value.

Since the instrument computes temperature from DCV and resistance measurements, verifying the accuracy of those DCV and resistance measurement functions guarantees the accuracy of corresponding temperature measurements. Thus, it is not necessary to perform a comprehensive temperature veriﬁcation procedure if DCV and resistance veriﬁcation procedures show the instrument meets its speciﬁcations in those areas. However, those who wish to verify that the Model 2002 does in fact properly display temperature can use the following procedure to do so.

Selecting the temperature sensor

Follow the steps below to select the type of temperature sensor:

1. From normal display, press CONFIG then TEMP.

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER.

3. Select 4-WIRE-RTD or THERMOCOUPLE as desired, then press ENTER.

4. Select the type of RTD probe or thermocouple you wish to test, then return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu.

5. Select UNITS, then press ENTER.

6. Select DEG-C, then press ENTER.

7. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

8. Press the TEMP key to place the Model 2002 in the temperature display mode. Refer to further information below on how to check thermocouple and RTD probe readings.

Thermocouple temperature reading checks

To check thermocouple readings, simply apply the appropriate DC voltage listed in Table 1-11 to the Model 2002 INPUT jacks using a precision DC voltage source (such as the one used to verify DC voltage accuracy in paragraph 1.8.1), and check the displayed temperature reading. Be sure to use lowthermal cables for connections between the DC calibrator and the Model 2002 when making these tests.

NOTE

The voltages shown are based on a 0°C reference junction temperature. Use the

CONFIG-TEMP menu to set the default reference junction temperature to 0°C.

Table 1-11

Thermocouple temperature reading checks

Reading limits Thermocouple type

J -7.659mV

K -5.730mV

T -5.439mV

E -8.561mV

R 0.054mV

S 0.055mV

B 0.632mV

* Voltages shown are based on ITS-90 standard using 0°C reference junction temperature. Use CONFIG-TEMP menu to set default reference junction to 0°C. NOTE: Reading limits shown do not include DCV calibrator uncertainty.

Applied DC voltage*

0mV

1.277mV

5.269mV

42.280mV

0mV

1.000mV

4.096mV

54.138mV

0mV

0.992mV

4.278mV

20.255mV

0mV

1.495mV

6.319mV

75.621mV

0.647mV

4.471mV

20.877mV

0.646mV

4.233mV

18.503mV

1.241mV

4.834mV

13.591mV

(°C) 1 year,

18°C to 28°C

-190.5 to -189.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

749.5 to 750.0

-190.5 to -189.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

1349.5 to 1350.5

-190.5 to -189.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

389.5 to 390.5

-190.6 to -189.4

-0.6 to +0.6

24.4 to 25.6

99.4 to 100.6

989.4 to 990.6

7 to 13

97 to 103

497 to 503

1747 to 1753

7 to 13

97 to 103

497 to 503

1747 to 1753

355 to 365

495 to 505

995 to 1005

1795 to 1805

1-17

Performance Verification

RTD temperature reading checks

Use a precision decade resistance box (see Table 1-1) to simulate probe resistances at various temperatures (Table 1-12). Be sure to use 4-wire connections between the decade resistance box and the Model 2002.

Table 1-12

RTD probe temperature reading checks

Reading limits RTD probe type

PT385 (α=0.00385)

PT392 (α=0.00392)

NOTE: Reading limits shown do not include uncertainty of resistance standards.

Applied resistance

22.80Ω

60.25Ω 100Ω

109.73Ω

138.50Ω

313.59Ω

63.68Ω 100Ω

109.90Ω

139.16Ω

266.94Ω

(°C) 1 year,

18°C to 28°C

-190.068 to -189.932

-100.021 to -99.979

-0.021 to +0.021

24.979 to 25.021

99.979 to 100.021

599.932 to 600.068

-90.021 to -89.979

-0.021 to +0.021

24.979 to 25.021

99.979 to 100.021

449.932 to 450.068

1-18

Calibration

2.1 Introduction

This section gives detailed procedures for calibrating the Model 2002. Basically, there are three types of calibration procedures:

• Comprehensive calibration

• AC self-calibration

• Low-level calibration

Comprehensive calibration requires accurate calibration equipment to supply precise DC voltages, DC currents, and resistance values. AC self-calibration requires no external equipment and can be performed at any time by the operator. Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the factory when the instrument is manufactured and is not usually required in the ﬁeld.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is required in the ﬁeld only if the Model 2002 has been repaired, or if the other calibration procedures cannot bring the instrument within stated speciﬁcations.

A single-point calibration feature is also available to allow the user to calibrate a single function or range without having to perform the entire calibration procedure.

Section 2 includes the following information:

2.2 Environmental conditions: States the temperature

and humidity limits for calibration.

2.3 Warm-up period: Discusses the length of time the

Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before calibration.

2.4 Line power: States the power line voltage limits when

calibrating the unit.

2.5 Calibration lock: Explains how to unlock calibration

with the CAL switch.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands: Summarizes

bus commands used for calibration, lists a simple calibration program, and also discusses other important aspects of calibrating the instrument over the bus.

2.7 Calibration errors: Details front panel error messages

that might occur during calibration and also explains how to check for errors over the bus.

2.8 Comprehensive calibration: Covers comprehensive

(user) calibration from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.

2.9 AC self-calibration: Discusses the AC user calibra-

tion process, both from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.

2.10 Low-level calibration: Explains how to perform the

low-level calibration procedure, which is normally required only at the factory.

2.11 Single-point calibration: Outlines the basic methods

for calibrating only a single function or range instead of having to go through the entire calibration procedure.

2-1

Calibration

2.2 Environmental conditions

Calibration procedures should be performed at an ambient temperature of 23° ± 5°C, and at a relative humidity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

NOTE

If the instrument is normally used over a different ambient temperature range, calibrate the instrument at the center of that temperature range.

If the internal temperature of the Model 2002 drifts excessively during calibration, an error will be generated. See Appendix C for additional information.

2.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2002 must be allowed to warm up for at least four hours before calibration. If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in paragraph 2.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the speciﬁed temperature range.

NOTE

Placement of the OPTION SLOT cover affects the internal temperature of the Model 2002. To achieve T iﬁcations, the OPTION SLOT cover must be in the same position (on or off) as when the Model 2002 is to be used.

The calibration equipment should also be allowed to warm up for the minimum period speciﬁed by the manufacturer.

± 1°C spec-

CAL

2.4 Line power

The Model 2002 should be calibrated while operating from a line voltage in the range of 90-134V or 180-250V at 50, 60, or 400Hz.

If you attempt comprehensive or low-level calibration without performing the unlocking procedure, the following message will be displayed:

CALIBRATION LOCKED

Press the CAL switch to unlock.

Note that it is not necessary to unlock calibration for the AConly self-calibration procedure. Also, IEEE-488 bus calibration command queries such as the :DATE and :DATA commands are not protected by the calibration lock.

2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock

To unlock low-level calibration, press in and hold the CAL switch while turning on the power. Low-level calibration can then be performed.

NOTE

Do not unlock low-level calibration unless you have the appropriate equipment and intend to perform low-level calibration. See paragraph 2.10 for low-level calibration details.

2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status

You can determine the status of either calibration lock over the bus by using the appropriate query. To determine comprehensive calibration lock status, send the following query:

:CAL:PROT:SWIT?

The instrument will respond with the calibration lock status:

0: comprehensive calibration locked 1: comprehensive calibration unlocked

To determine the status of the low-level calibration lock, send the following query:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?

Responses to this calibration lock query include:

0: low-level calibration locked 1: low-level calibration unlocked

2.5 Calibration lock

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock

Before performing comprehensive calibration, you must ﬁrst unlock calibration by momentarily pressing in on the recessed CAL switch. The instrument will display the following message:

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Calibration can now be performed

2-2

Refer to paragraph 2.6 below and Section 3 for more details on calibration commands.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands

Table 2-1 summarizes calibration commands used to calibrate the instrument over the IEEE-488 bus (GPIB).

Table 2-1

IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary

Command Description

:CALibration

:PROTected

:INITiate :LOCK :SWITch? :SAVE :DATA? :DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :DATE? :NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :NDUE? :DC

:ZERO :V2 <NRf> :V20 <NRf> :OHM1M <NRf> :OHM200K <NRf> :OHM20K <NRf> :OHM2K <NRf> :OHM200 <NRf> :OHM20 <NRf> :A200U <NRf> :A2M <NRf> :A20M <NRf> :A200M <NRf> :A2 <NRf> :OPEN

:LLEVel

:SWITch?

Calibration root command.

All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch (except queries).

Initiate calibration. Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch). Request comprehensive CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked) Save cal constants to EEROM. Download cal constants from 2002. Send cal date to 2002. Request cal date from 2002. Send next due cal date to 2002. Request next due cal date from 2002. Comprehensive calibration subsystem.

Short-circuit calibration step. +2V DC calibration step. +20V DC calibration step. 1MΩ calibration step. 200kΩ calibration step. 20kΩ calibration step. 2kΩ calibration step.

200Ω calibration step. 20Ω calibration step. 200µA DC calibration step. 2mA DC calibration step. 20mA DC calibration step. 200mA DC calibration step. 2A DC calibration step. Open circuit calibration step.

Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

:STEP <Step #>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13

:UNPRotected

:ACCompensation

NOTE: Upper-case letters indicate short form of each command. For example, instead of sending ":CALibration:PROTected:INITiate", send ":CAL:PROT:INIT".

20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz

1.5V AC at 1kHz step. 200mV AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +100V DC step.

-20V DC step. Rear inputs short-circuit step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. 2V AC at 1Hz step.

Commands in this subsystem not protected by CAL switch.

Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)

Calibration

2-3

Calibration

2.7 Calibration errors

The Model 2002 checks for errors after each calibration step, minimizing the possibility that improper calibration may occur due to operator error. The following paragraphs discuss both front panel and bus error reporting.

2.7.1 Front panel error reporting

If an error is detected during comprehensive calibration, the instrument will display an appropriate error message (see Appendix C).

2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting

You can detect errors over the bus by testing the state of EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) in the status byte. (Use the *STB? query or serial polling to request the status byte.) If you wish to generate an SRQ (Service Request) on errors, send "*SRE 4" to the instrument to enable SRQ on errors.

You can query the instrument for the type of error by using the ":SYSTem:ERRor?" query. The Model 2002 will respond with the error number and a text message describing the nature of the error. Appendix C summarizes calibration errors.

2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration

Table 2-2 lists all test equipment recommended for comprehensive calibration. Alternate equipment (such as a DC transfer standard and characterized resistors) may be used as long as that equipment has speciﬁcations at least as good as those listed in the table.

Table 2-2

Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration

Mfg. Model Description Speciﬁcations*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic

uncertainty.

DC Voltage:

2V: ±7ppm 20V: ±5ppm

Resistance:

19Ω: ±26ppm 190Ω: ±17ppm

1.9kΩ: ±11ppm 19kΩ: ±11ppm 100kΩ: ±13ppm 1MΩ: ±18ppm

2.8 Comprehensive calibration

The comprehensive calibration procedure calibrates the DCV, DCI, and ohms functions. At the end of the front panel calibration procedure, AC self-calibration is also performed to complete the calibration process.

Comprehensive calibration should be performed at least once a year, or every 90 days to ensure the unit meets the corresponding speciﬁcations.

The comprehensive calibration procedure covered in this paragraph is normally the only calibration required in the ﬁeld. However, if the unit has been repaired, you should perform the low-level calibration procedure explained in paragraph 2.10.

DC Current:

200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm

Keithley 8610 Low-thermal

shorting plug

* 90-day calibrator speciﬁcations shown include total uncertainty at speciﬁed output.

2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration

Follow the steps below to calibrate the Model 2002 from the front panel. Refer to paragraph 2.8.3 below for the procedure to calibrate the unit over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-3 summarizes the front panel calibration procedure.

2-4

Calibration

Figure 2-1

Low-thermal short connections

Model 2002

S+ HI

LOS-

Model 8610 Low-thermal short

Table 2-3

Front panel comprehensive calibration summary

Equipment/

Step Description

Warm-up, unlock calibration

DC Zero calibration

+2V DC calibration

+20V DC calibration

1MΩ calibration

200kΩ calibration

20kΩ calibration

2kΩ calibration

200Ω calibration

20Ω calibration

200µA DC calibration

2mA DC calibration

20mA DC calibration

200mA DC calibration

2A DC calibration

Open-circuit calibration

AC self-calibration

Enter calibration dates

Save calibration constants

connections

None Low-thermal short DCV calibrator DCV calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator DCA calibrator Disconnect leads Disconnect leads None None

2. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to connect the low-thermal short properly to the HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

3. Press ENTER. The instrument will then begin DC zero calibration. While calibration is in progress, the following will be displayed:

Performing Short Ckt Calibration

Procedure

Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration

1. Turn on the power, and allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

2. Unlock comprehensive calibration by brieﬂy pressing in on the recessed front panel CAL switch, and verify that the following message is displayed:

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Calibration can now be performed

3. Enter the front panel calibration menu as follows: A. From normal display, press MENU. B. Select CALIBRATION, and press ENTER. C. Select COMPREHENSIVE, then press ENTER.

4. At this point, the instrument will display the following message:

DC CALIBRATION PHASE

Step 2: DC zero calibration

1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following prompt.

SHORT CIRCUIT INPUTS

Step 3: DC volts calibration

1. When the DC zero calibration step is completed, the following message will be displayed:

CONNECT 2 VDC

2. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

NOTE

Although 4-wire connections are shown, the sense leads are connected and disconnected at various points in the procedure by turning calibrator external sense on or off as appropriate. If your calibrator does not have provisions for turning external sense on and off, disconnect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned off, and connect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned on.

2-5

Calibration

3. Set the calibrator output to +2.000000V, and turn external sense off. Wait at least three minutes for thermal equilibrium.

4. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the presently selected calibration voltage:

INPUT = 2.00000000 V

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 0.95 to 2.05V if your calibrator cannot source 2V.)

NOTE

For best results, it is recommended that you use the stated calibration values throughout the procedure whenever possible.

5. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following during calibration:

Sense HI

Model 2002

Input HI

Performing 2 VDC Calibration

6. After completing 2VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 20 VDC

7. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.000000V.

8. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the calibration voltage:

INPUT = 20.0000000

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 9.5 to 20.5V if your calibrator cannot source 20V.)

9. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is performing 20V DC calibration:

Performing 20 VDC Calibration

5700A Calibrator

Output HI

Input LO

Sense LO

Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure.

Output LO

Sense LO

Figure 2-2

Calibrator connections for DC volts and ohms portion of comprehensive calibration

2-6

Calibration

Step 5: Ohms calibration

1. After completing 20VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 1 MΩ 4W

2. Set the calibrator output to 1.00000MΩ, and make sure that external sense is turned on.

NOTE

Use external sensing (4-wire ohms) when calibrating all resistance ranges. Be sure that the calibrator external sense mode is on.

3. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:

INPUT = 1.0000000 MΩ

4. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range is from 475kΩ to 1.025MΩ.)

5. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 1MΩ calibration:

Performing 1 MΩ Calibration

6. After completing 1MΩ calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 100 kΩ 4W

7. Set the calibrator output to 100kΩ, and make sure that external sense is turned on.

8. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:

INPUT = 100.00000 kΩ

9. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range for this parameter is from 95kΩ to 205kΩ.)

10. Press ENTER to complete the 200kΩ calibration step.

11. Repeat steps 7 through 10 for the 20kΩ, 2kΩ, 200Ω, and 20Ω ranges in that order. Be sure to set the calibrator to the correct resistance value, and adjust the Model 2002 display to agree with the calibrator value.

Calibration step

2MΩ 200kΩ 20kΩ 2kΩ 200Ω 20Ω

* Nominal values shown. Use exact calibrator value.

Calibration value* Allowable range

1MΩ 100kΩ 19kΩ

1.9kΩ 190Ω 19Ω

475kΩ to 1.025MΩ 95kΩ to 205kΩ

9.5kΩ to 20.5kΩ

0.95kΩ to 2.05kΩ 95Ω to 205Ω

9.5Ω to 20.5Ω

Step 6: DC amps calibration

1. After ohms calibration is completed, the instrument will prompt you for the ﬁrst DC amps calibration step:

CONNECT 200 µADC

2. Connect the DC amps calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals (see Figure 2-3).

3. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and make sure the unit is in operate. (The allowable range is from 95µA to 205µA.)

4. Be sure that the displayed current matches the calibration value, then press ENTER to complete this calibration step.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the remaining amps calibration points as follows:

Calibration step

200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A

Calibration current Allowable range

200.000µA

2.00000mA

20.0000mA

200.0000mA

1.00000A

95µA to 205µA

0.95mA to 2.05mA

9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA

0.95A to 2.05A

2-7

Calibration

5700A Calibrator

Model 2002

2002 MULTIMETER

Input LO

Amps

Output HI

Output LO

Figure 2-3

Connections for amps comprehensive calibration

Step 7: Open-circuit calibration

1. At this point, the instrument will display the following message advising you to disconnect test leads:

OPEN CIRCUIT INPUTS

2. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and AMPS jacks, then press ENTER. During this calibration phase, the instrument will display the following:

Performing Open Ckt Calibration

Step 8: AC self-calibration

1. After open-circuit calibration, the instrument will display the following message:

AC CALIBRATION PHASE

2. Make sure all test leads are still disconnected from the Model 2002 INPUT and SENSE jacks.

3. Press ENTER to perform AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Calibrating AC: Please wait

4. When AC calibration is ﬁnished, the instrument will display the following:

AC CAL COMPLETE

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for normal current output.

Step 9: Enter calibration dates

1. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument prompts you to enter the present calibration date:

CAL DATE: 01/01/94

2. Use the cursor and range keys to enter the current date as the calibration date, then press ENTER. Press ENTER again to conﬁrm the date as being correct.

3. The instrument will then prompt you to enter the due date for next calibration:

NEXT CAL: 01/01/95

4. Use the cursor and range keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER a second time to conﬁrm your selection.

Step 10: Save calibration constants

1. At the end of a successful calibration cycle, the instrument will display the following:

CALIBRATION COMPLETE

2. If you wish to save calibration constants from the procedure just completed, press ENTER. Assuming the calibration was successful, the unit will display the following:

CALIBRATION SUCCESS

3. If you do not want to save calibration constants from the procedure just completed and wish instead to restore previous constants, cycle power to the unit.

4. Press EXIT to return to normal display after calibration.

2-8

Calibration

NOTE

Valid calibration constants will be saved, and comprehensive calibration will be automatically locked out after the calibration procedure has been completed.

Table 2-4

IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary

Step Description IEEE-488 bus command*

Warm-up, unlock calibration

Initiate calibration

DC Zero calibration

+2VDC calibration

+20VDC calibration

1MΩ calibration

200kΩ calibration

20kΩ calibration

2kΩ calibration

200Ω calibration

20Ω calibration

200µA calibration

2mA calibration

20mA calibration

200mA calibration

2A calibration

Open-circuit calibration

Perform user AC cal

Save calibration dates

Save calibration constants

Lock out calibration

* For resistance calibration points, use exact calibrator value for command parameter instead of nominal parameter shown.

2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration

Follow the procedure outlined below to perform comprehensive calibration over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-4 summarizes the calibration procedure and bus commands. See Appendix B for example calibration programs.

:CAL:PROT:INIT :CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO :CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2 :CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1 :CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN :CAL:UNPR:ACC :CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:DC:SAVE :CAL:PROT:LOCK

2-9

Calibration

Procedure

Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the IEEE-488 bus of the computer using a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Model 7007.

2. Turn on the power, and allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

3. Unlock calibration by brieﬂy pressing in on the recessed front panel CAL switch, and verify that the following message is displayed:

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Calibration can now be performed

NOTE

You can query the instrument for the state of the comprehensive CAL switch by using the following query:

:CAL:PROT:SWIT?

A returned value of 0 indicates that calibration is locked, while a returned value of 1 shows that calibration is unlocked.

4. Make sure the primary address of the Model 2002 is the same as the address speciﬁed in the program you will be using to send commands.

5. Send the following command over the bus to initiate calibration:

:CAL:PROT:INIT

3. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes this calibration step before proceeding. (You can use the *OPC or *OPC? commands to determine when calibration steps end, as discussed in paragraph 3.6 in Section 3.)

Step 3: DC Volts Calibration

1. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

NOTE

2. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off. Wait at least three minutes for thermal equilibrium.

3. Send the following command to the Model 2002 over the IEEE-488 bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2

(Be sure to use the exact calibration value as the command parameter if you are using a voltage other than 2V. The allowable range from is 0.95V to 2.05V.)

Step 2: DC zero calibration

1. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

2. Send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO

2-10

NOTE

For best results, use the calibration values given in this procedure whenever possible.

4. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes this step before going on.

NOTE

You can check for errors after each calibration step by sending the :SYST:ERR? query to the instrument. See paragraph

2.7.2.

5. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V.

6. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20

Calibration

(Send the actual calibration value in the range of 9.5V to

20.5V if you are using a different voltage.)

7. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes this step before going on.

Step 4: Ohms calibration

1. Set the calibrator output to 1MΩ, and turn external sense on.

NOTE

External sensing (4-wire ohms) should be used when calibrating all resistance ranges.

2. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M <value>

Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 1.002MΩ, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1.002E6

(The allowable range for this parameter is from 475E3 to

1.025E6.)

5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each of the remaining ohms calibration points as shown in Table 2-5.

Step 5: Amps calibration

1. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks, as shown in Figure 2-3.

2. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and place the unit in operate.

3. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6

If you are using a different calibration value, be sure to substitute that value for the parameter shown above. (The allowable range is from 95µA to 205µA.)

Wait for the instrument to complete this step before continuing.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the remaining amps calibration points shown in Table 2-6.

Step 6. Open-circuit calibration

1. Disconnect all test leads from the Model 2002 INPUT and AMPS jacks.

2. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN

3. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes 1MΩ calibration be-

fore continuing.

4. Set the calibrator resistance to 100kΩ, and make sure

external sense is still turned on.

Table 2-5

Ohms calibration summary

Cal point

2MΩ 200kΩ 20kΩ 2kΩ 200Ω 20Ω

* Nominal resistance values shown. Use exact calibrator resistance value for command parameter.

Nominal resistance Allowable range Command*

1MΩ 100kΩ 19kΩ

1.9kΩ 190Ω 19Ω

475kΩ to 1.025MΩ 95kΩ to 205kΩ

9.5kΩ to 20.5kΩ

0.95kΩ to 2.05kΩ 95Ω to 205Ω

9.5Ω to 20.5Ω

3. Wait until open-circuit calibration is complete before going on to the next step.

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19

2-11

Calibration

Table 2-6

Amps calibration summary

Cal point

200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A

Calibrator current Allowable range Calibration command

200.000µA

2.00000mA

20.0000mA

200.000mA

1.00000A

95µA to 205µA

0.95mA to 2.05mA

9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA

0.95A to 2.05A

Step 7: Perform AC user calibration

To perform user AC calibration, send the following command:

:CAL:UNPR:ACC

Note that AC calibration will take about six minutes to complete.

Step 8: Enter calibration dates

To set the calibration date and next due date, use the following commands to do so:

:CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day>

:CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day>

:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1

the name implies, this calibration procedure assures the accuracy of ACI and ACV measurements.

NOTE

The AC calibration constants generated by this procedure are not permanently stored. Thus, AC calibration constants are in effect only until the power is turned off. In order to permanently store AC calibration constants, you must perform the comprehensive or low-level calibration procedure and then choose to save calibration constants at the end of that procedure. See paragraph 2.8 or 2.10 for details.

2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration

Where <yr>, <mon>, and <day> are the year, month, and date and must be separated by commas.

Step 9: Save calibration constants

Calibration is now complete, so you can store the calibration constants in EEROM by sending the following command:

:CAL:PROT:SAVE

Step 10: Lock out calibration

To lock out further calibration, send the following command after completing the calibration procedure:

:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2.9 AC self-calibration

The AC self-calibration procedure requires no external equipment and can be performed at any time by the user. As

2-12

Procedure:

1. Disconnect all test leads or cables from the INPUT and SENSE jacks.

2. Press MENU. The instrument will display the following:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

3. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following:

PERFORM CALIBRATION

COMPREHENSIVE POINT-CALS

4. Select POINT-CALS, then press ENTER. The instrument will then display the following:

POINT CALIBRATION

AC-CAL DCV OHMS DCI

5. Select AC-CAL, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message:

Calibration

AC CALIBRATION PHASE

Disconnect inputs; press ENTER

6. Press ENTER to begin AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Calibrating AC: Please wait

7. Once the process has been successfully completed, the message below will be displayed, and you can press ENTER or EXIT to return to normal display:

AC CAL COMPLETE

Press ENTER or EXIT to continue.

2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration

Procedure:

1. Disconnect all test leads and cables from the INPUT and SENSE jacks.

2. Send the following command over the bus: ":CAL:UNPR:ACC".

3. Wait until calibration has been completed before sending any further commands (about six minutes).

4. Check for calibration errors by using the :SYST:ERR? query.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is required in the ﬁeld only if the Model 2002 has been repaired, or if the other calibration procedures cannot bring the instrument within stated speciﬁcations. The low-level calibration procedure includes the comprehensive calibration steps discussed in paragraph 2.8.

2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration

Table 2-7 summarizes recommended equipment for lowlevel calibration. Alternate equipment may be used as long as corresponding speciﬁcations are at least as good as those listed in the table.

2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary

Table 2-8 summarizes the steps necessary to complete the low-level calibration procedure. The procedure should performed in the order shown in the table. Calibration commands shown are to be used when calibrating the unit over the IEEE-488 bus.

WARNING

2.10 Low-level calibration

Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the factory when the instrument is manufactured and is not usually required in the ﬁeld. The following paragraphs give detailed procedures for performing low-level calibration should it ever become necessary in the ﬁeld.

Some low-level calibration steps require the use of hazardous voltages.

See Appendix B for example calibration programs.

2-13

Calibration

Table 2-7

Recommended equipment for low-level calibration

Mfg. Model Description Speciﬁcations*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

DC Voltage:

±2V: ±7ppm +20V: ±5ppm +100V: ±7ppm

Resistance:

19Ω: ±26ppm 190Ω: ±17ppm

1.9kΩ: ±11ppm 19kΩ: ±11ppm 100kΩ: ±13ppm 1MΩ: ±18ppm

DC Current:

200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm

AC Voltage:

0.5mV @ 1kHz: ±10000ppm 5mV @ 100kHz: ±2400ppm 200mV @ 1kHz: ±150ppm

1.5V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 30kHz: ±140ppm 200V @ 1kHz: ±85ppm 200V @ 30kHz: ±240ppm

AC Current:

20mA @ 1kHz: ±160ppm

Keithley 3930A or

Synthesizer 2V rms @ 1Hz

3940

Keithley 8610 Low-thermal

shorting plug

* 90-day calibrator speciﬁcations shown include total uncertainty at speciﬁed output.

2-14

Table 2-8

Low-level calibration summary

Calibration signal Calibration command* Comments

None Low-thermal short 2V DC 20V DC 1MΩ 100kΩ 19kΩ

1.9kΩ 190Ω 19Ω 200µA DC 2mA DC 20mA DC 200mA DC 1A DC Disconnect leads None 20V AC @ 1kHz 20V AC @ 30kHz 200V AC @ 1kHz 200V AC @ 30kHz

1.5V AC @ 1kHz 200mV AC @ 1kHz 5mV AC @ 100kHz

0.5mV AC @ 1kHz +100V DC

-20V DC Rear short circuit 20mA AC @ 1kHz 2V rms @ 1Hz None None None None

* Parameters shown for resistance calibration points are nominal values. Use actual calibration value for command parameter.

:CAL:PROT:INIT :CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO :CAL:PROT:DC:V2 :CAL:PROT:DC:V20 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1 :CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN :CAL:UNPR:ACC :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 2 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 3 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 4 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 5 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 6 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 8 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 9 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 10 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 11 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 12 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 13 :CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:SAVE :CAL:PROT:LOCK

Initiate calibration. Comprehensive cal zero. Comprehensive cal 2V. Comprehensive cal 20V. Comprehensive cal 1MΩ. Comprehensive cal 200kΩ. Comprehensive cal 20kΩ. Comprehensive cal 2kΩ. Comprehensive cal 200Ω. Comprehensive cal 20Ω. Comprehensive cal 200µA. Comprehensive cal 2mA. Comprehensive cal 20mA. Comprehensive cal 200mA. Comprehensive cal 2A. Comprehensive cal open. AC user calibration. Low-level Step 1. Low-level Step 2. Low-level Step 3. Low-level Step 4. Low-level Step 5. Low-level Step 6. Low-level Step 7. Low-level Step 8. Low-level Step 9. Low-level Step 10. Low-level Step 11. Low-level Step 12. Low-level Step 13. Program cal date. Program cal due date. Save constants. Lock out calibration.

Calibration

2-15

Calibration

2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure

Procedure

Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration

1. Turn off the power if the instrument is presently turned on.

2. While pressing in on the recessed CAL switch, turn on the power. (Holding in the CAL switch while turning on the power enables low-level calibration.)

3. Allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

4. Press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

5. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following:

PERFORM CALIBRATION

COMPREHENSIVE POINT-CALS

6. Select COMPREHENSIVE, then press ENTER.The instrument will display the following:

DC CALIBRATION PHASE

Step 3: DC volts calibration

1. When the DC zero calibration step is completed, the following message will be displayed:

CONNECT 2 VDC

2. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

NOTE

3. Set the calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off. Wait at least three minutes for thermal equilibrium.

4. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the presently selected calibration voltage:

Step 2: DC zero calibration

1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following prompt.

SHORT CIRCUIT INPUTS

2. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to connect the low-thermal short properly to the HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

3. Press ENTER. The instrument will then begin DC zero calibration. While calibration is in progress, the following will be displayed:

Performing Short Ckt Calibration

INPUT = 2.00000000 V

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 0.95 to 2.05V if your calibrator cannot source 2V.)

NOTE

For best results, it is recommended that you use the stated calibration values throughout the procedure whenever possible.

5. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following during calibration:

Performing 2 VDC Calibration

6. After completing 2VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 20 VDC

7. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.000000V.

8. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the calibration voltage:

2-16

Calibration

INPUT = 20.0000000 V

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 9.5 to 20.5V if your calibrator cannot source 20V.)

9. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is performing 20V DC calibration:

Performing 20 VDC Calibration

Step 5: Ohms calibration

1. After completing 20VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 1 MΩ 4W

2. Set the calibrator output to 1.00000MΩ, and make sure that external sense is turned on.

NOTE

Be sure that the calibrator external sense mode is turned on when calibrating all resistance ranges.

10. Press ENTER to complete the 200kΩ calibration step.

11. Repeat steps 7 through 10 for the 20kΩ, 2kΩ, 200Ω, and 20Ω ranges in that order. Be sure the set the calibrator and Model 2002 to the correct resistance value as follows:

Calibration step

2MΩ 200kΩ 20kΩ 2kΩ 200Ω 20Ω

* Nominal values shown. Use exact calibrator value.

Calibration value* Allowable range

1MΩ 100kΩ 19kΩ

1.9kΩ 190Ω 19Ω

475kΩ to 1.025MΩ 95kΩ to 205kΩ

9.5kΩ to 20.5kΩ

0.95kΩ to 2.05kΩ 95Ω to 205Ω

9.5Ω to 20.5Ω

Step 6: DC amps calibration

1. After ohms calibration is completed, the instrument will prompt you for the ﬁrst DC amps calibration step:

3. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:

INPUT = 1.0000000 MΩ

4. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2002 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range is from 475kΩ to 1.025MΩ.)

5. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 1MΩ calibration:

Performing 1 MΩ Calibration

6. After completing 1MΩ calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 100 kΩ 4W

7. Set the calibrator output to 100kΩ, and make sure that external sense is turned on.

8. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2002 displays the resistance calibration value:

INPUT = 100.00000 kΩ

CONNECT 200 µADC

2. Connect the DC amps calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals (see Figure 2-3).

3. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and make sure the unit is in operate. (The allowable range is from 95µA to 205µA.)

4. Be sure that the displayed current matches the calibration value, then press ENTER to complete this calibration step.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the remaining amps calibration points as follows:

Calibration step

200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A

Calibrator current Allowed range

200.000µA

2.00000mA

20.0000mA

200.0000mA

1.00000A

95µA to 205µA

0.95mA to 2.05mA

9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA

0.95A to 2.05A

Step 7: Open-circuit calibration

1. At this point, the instrument will display the following message advising you to disconnect test leads:

OPEN CIRCUIT INPUTS

2-17

Calibration

2. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and AMPS jacks, then press ENTER. During this calibration phase, the instrument will display the following:

Performing Open Ckt Calibration

Step 8: AC self-calibration

1. After open circuit calibration, the instrument will display the following message:

AC CALIBRATION PHASE

2. Make sure all test leads are still disconnected from the Model 2002 INPUT and SENSE jacks.

3. Press ENTER to perform AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Calibrating AC: Please wait

4. When AC calibration is ﬁnished, the instrument will display the following:

AC CAL COMPLETE

2. Connect the calibrator to the INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 2-4.

3. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

Connect 20V @ 1kHz

4. Set the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 1 of 13

5. Next, the instrument will prompt for a new calibration signal:

Connect 20V @ 30kHz

6. Program the calibrator for an output voltage of 20V AC at 30kHz, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following while calibrating this step:

Low-Level Cal - Step 2 of 13

7. The Model 2002 will then display:

Step 9: Low-level calibration steps

1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following to indicate the start of the low-level calibration phase:

LOW-LEVEL CAL PHASE

NOTE

Use the exact calibration values shown when performing the following steps.

Input HI

Model 2002

Output HI

2002 MULTIMETER

Input LO

Output LO

Connect 200V @ 1kHz

8. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following message:

Low-Level Cal - Step 3 of 13

9. When ﬁnished with this step, the Model 2002 will display:

Connect 200V @ 30kHz

5700A Calibrator

Figure 2-4

Calibrator voltage connections

2-18

Calibration

10. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at 30kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 4 of 13

11. The unit will then prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect 1.5V @ 1kHz

12. Set the calibrator for 1.5V AC at a frequency of 1kHz. The Model 2002 will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 5 of 13

13. The unit will display the following:

Connect 200mV @ 1kHz

14. Program the calibrator to output 200mV at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will then display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 6 of 13

15. When ﬁnished with this step, the unit will display the following:

Connect 5mV @ 100kHz

16. Set the calibrator to output 5mV at a frequency of 100kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will then display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 7 of 13

17. Following step 7, the instrument will display the following message to prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect 0.5mV @ 1kHz

18. Program the calibrator to output 0.5mV at 1kHz, then press ENTER. The unit will display the following inprogress message:

Low-Level Cal - Step 8 of 13

19. Next, the unit will prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect 100 VDC

NOTE

The accuracy of the 100V source is especially critical. It may be necessary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly 100V.

21. After this step has been completed, the unit will display the following:

Connect -20 VDC

NOTE

The accuracy of the -20V source is especially critical. It may be necessary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly -20V.

22. Set the calibrator for an output voltage of -20V DC, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will display the following message:

Low-Level Cal - Step 10 of 13

23. The Model 2002 will then prompt for the next calibration signal:

Short Rear Inputs

24. Connect the Model 8610 to the rear INPUT jacks, making sure that the terminals are in the correct position. Select the rear inputs with the FRONT/REAR switch, and allow at least three minutes for thermal equillibrium. Press ENTER to continue. The Model 2002 will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 11 of 13

25. After completing step 11, the unit will display the following:

Connect 20mA @ 1kHz

26. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks.(See Figure 2-3.) Press the FRONT/REAR switch to select the front inputs.

27. Set the calibrator output to 20mA AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2002 will display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 12 of 13

28. The unit will then prompt for the ﬁnal calibration signal:

Connect 2 V at 1 Hz

29. Put the calibrator in standby, then disconnect it from the Model 2002 INPUT and AMPS jacks; connect the synthesizer to INPUT HI and LO, as shown in Figure 2-5. Set synthesizer modes as follows:

20. Set the calibrator to output +100V DC, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2002 will advise you that the current step is in progress:

Low-Level Cal - Step 9 of 13

FCTN: sine FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 2Vrms MODE: CONT OFFSET: 0V

2-19

Calibration

BNC-to-Dual

Banana Plug

Model 2002

2002 MULTIMETER

Adapter

Figure 2-5

Synthesizer connections

30. Press the Model 2002 ENTER key. The instrument will display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 13 of 13

31. After step 13 is completed, the instrument will display the following message to indicate that calibration has been completed:

CALIBRATION COMPLETE

Step 10: Enter calibration dates

1. Press ENTER. The instrument will prompt you to enter the calibration date:

Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer

3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER

Function

Output

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

3. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

NOTE

Calibration will be locked out automatically when the calibration procedure is completed.

2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration procedure

Follow the steps below to perform low-level calibration over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-6 summarizes calibration commands for the procedure.

CAL DATE: 01/01/94

2. Use the cursor and range keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER a second time to conﬁrm your date selection.

3. The Model 2002 will then prompt you to enter the calibration due date:

NEXT CAL 01/01/95

4. Use the cursor keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER again to conﬁrm your date.

Step 11: Save calibration constants

1. The Model 2002 will then display the following message:

CALIBRATION SUCCESS

2. If you wish to save the new calibration constants, press ENTER. If, on the other hand, you wish to restore previous calibration constants, cycle power.

Procedure

Step 1: Prepare the Model 2002 for calibration

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the IEEE-488 bus of the computer using a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Model 7007.

2. Make sure the primary address of the Model 2002 is the same as the address speciﬁed in the program you will be using to send commands.

3. Turn off the power if the instrument is presently turned on.

4. Press and hold the recessed CAL switch while turning on the power. (Holding in the CAL switch while turning on the power enables low-level calibration.)

5. Allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

6. Send the following command over the bus to the instrument to initiate calibration:

:CAL:PROT:INIT

2-20

Calibration

Step 2: DC zero calibration

1. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

2. Send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO

Step 3: DC volts calibration

1. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

NOTE

2. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off.

3. Send the following command to the Model 2002 over the IEEE-488 bus:

NOTE

For best results, use the calibration values given in this procedure whenever possible.

4. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes this step before going on.

NOTE

You can check for errors after each calibration step by sending the :SYST:ERR? query to the instrument. See paragraph

2.7.2.

5. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V.

6. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20

(Send the actual calibration value in the range of 9.5V to

20.5V if you are using a different voltage.)

7. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes this step before going on.

Step 4: Ohms calibration

1. Set the calibrator output to 1MΩ, and turn external sense on.

2. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M <value>

Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 1.002MΩ, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1.002E6

(The allowable range for this parameter is from 475E3 to

1.025E6.)

3. Wait until the Model 2002 ﬁnishes 1MΩ calibration before continuing.

4. Set the calibrator resistance to 100kΩ.

:CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2

(Be sure to use the exact calibration value as the command parameter if you are using a voltage other than 2V. The allowable range from is 0.95V to 2.05V).

NOTE

External sense (4-wire ohms) should be used when calibrating all resistance ranges.

5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each of the remaining ohms calibration points shown in Table 2-9.

2-21

Calibration

Table 2-9

Ohms calibration summary

Nominal

Cal point

2MΩ 200kΩ 20kΩ 2kΩ 200Ω 20Ω

* Nominal resistance values shown. Use exact calibrator resistance value for command parameter.

resistance Allowable range Command*

1MΩ 100kΩ 19kΩ

1.9kΩ 190Ω 19Ω

475kΩ to 1.025MΩ 95kΩ to 205kΩ

9.5kΩ to 20.5kΩ

0.95kΩ to 2.05kΩ 95Ω to 205Ω

9.5Ω to 20.5Ω

Step 5: Amps calibration

1. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks, as shown in Figure 2-3.

2. Set the calibrator output to 200.000µA, and place the unit in operate.

3. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19

Step 6. Open-circuit calibration

1. Disconnect all test leads from the Model 2002 INPUT and AMPS jacks.

2. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN

3. Wait until open-circuit calibration is complete before going on to the next step.

If you are using a different calibration value, be sure to substitute that value for the parameter shown above. (The allowable range is from 95µA to 205µA.)

Wait for the instrument to complete this step before continuing.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the following remaining amps shown in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10

Amps calibration summary

Calibrator

Cal point

200µA 2mA 20mA 200mA 2A

current Allowable range Calibration command

200.000µA

2.00000mA

20.0000mA

200.000mA

1.00000A

0.95µA to 205µA

0.95mA to 2.05mA

9.5mA to 20.5mA 95mA to 205mA

0.95A to 2.05A

Step 7: Perform AC user calibration

To perform user AC calibration, send the following command:

:CAL:UNPR:ACC

Note that AC calibration will take about six minutes to complete.

:CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1

2-22

Calibration

Step 8: Perform low-level calibration steps

NOTE

The following steps perform the low-level part of the calibration procedure. Use only the indicated calibration values for these steps. Be sure the instrument completes each step before sending the next calibration command.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator using 2-wire connections, as shown in Figure 2-4.

2. Program the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1

3. Program the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 30kHz, and send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 2

4. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at 1kHz, then send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 3

5. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at a frequency of 30kHz, then send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 4

6. Program the calibrator to output 1.5V AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 5

7. Program the calibrator to output 200mV AC at a frequency of 1kHz, and send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 6

8. Set the calibrator output to 5mV AC at a frequency of 100kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

NOTE

The accuracy of the 100V calibration source is especially critical. It may be necessary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly 100V.

11. Program the calibrator to output -20V DC, and send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 10

NOTE

The accuracy of the -20V source is especially critical. It may be necessary to adjust the calibrator output slightly to achieve exactly -20V.

12. Connect the Model 8610 calibration short to the rear panel INPUT jacks, making sure to connect the terminals properly. Select the rear inputs with the FRONT/ REAR switch, and allow at least three minutes for thermal equilibrium. Send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 11

13. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals, as shown in Figure 2-3. Select the front inputs with the FRONT/REAR switch.

14. Program the calibrator to output 20mA AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 12

15. Connect the multifunction synthesizer to the Model 2002, as shown in Figure 2-5.

16. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows:

FCTN: sine FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 2Vrms MODE: CONT OFFSET: 0V

17. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7

9. Program the calibrator to output 0.5mV AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 8

10. Set the calibrator output to +100V DC. Send the following command to the Model 2002:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 9

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 13

Step 9: Enter calibration dates

Use following commands to set the calibration date and calibration due date:

:CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day>

Note that the year, month, and date must be separated by commas.

2-23

Calibration

Step 10: Save calibration constants

Calibration is now complete, so you can store the calibration constants in EEROM by sending the following command:

:CAL:PROT:SAVE

Step 11: Lock out calibration

To lock out further calibration, send the following command after completing the calibration procedure:

:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2.11 Single-point calibration

Normally, the complete comprehensive (or low-level, if necessary) calibration procedure should be performed to ensure that the entire instrument is properly calibrated. In some instances, however, it may be desirable to calibrate only certain ranges and functions. For those cases, a single-point calibration feature is included in the Model 2002.

The following paragraphs give an overview of performing single-point calibration both from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus. For details on speciﬁc procedures, test equipment connections, and IEEE-488 bus commands, refer to paragraphs 2.6 through 2.10 of this section.

1. Turn on the Model 2002, and allow the instrument to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

2. Press in on the front panel CAL switch to unlock calibration.

3. Press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following menu:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

4. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The following menu will be displayed:

PERFORM CALIBRATION

COMPREHENSIVE POINT-CALS

5. Select POINT-CALS, then press ENTER. The Model 2002 will prompt you to select the function:

POINT CALIBRATION

AC-CAL DCV OHMS DCI

6. Select OHMS, then press ENTER. The unit will prompt you to choose the range:

CHOOSE OHMS RANGE

20Ω 200Ω 2kΩ 20kΩ 200kΩ

Remember that calibration must be unlocked (except for AC only user calibration). To unlock point calibration, press in on the CAL switch.

2.11.1 Front panel single-point calibration

Front panel single-point calibration can be performed by using the POINT-CALS selection in the CALIBRATION menu. You will then be prompted as to which function to calibrate: DCV, DCI, or OHMS. If you select DCI or OHMS, you will also be able to select the range to calibrate, and will then be prompted to apply the appropriate calibration signal. See paragraph 2.8 for details on comprehensive calibration steps.

If you enable low-level calibration by holding in the CAL switch while turning on the power, the LL-CAL (low-level calibration) selection will also appear in the POINT-CALS menu. You can then calibrate a speciﬁc low-level point (see paragraph 2.10 for details).

Example

Assume that you wish to calibrate the 2kΩ range. Follow the steps below to do so.

7. Select 2kΩ, then press ENTER. The unit will prompt you to apply the appropriate calibration signal:

CONNECT 2KΩ 4W

8. Connect the 2kΩ (or closest available value) to the INPUT and SENSE jacks using the 4-wire connections shown in Figure 2-1. Press ENTER.

9. Use the range and cursor keys to set the displayed resistance value to the exact calibration resistance, then press ENTER.

10. Repeat the above steps for other calibration points, if desired.

11. If desired, select CALIBRATION-DATES in the calibration menu, then set the calibration date and due date accordingly.

12. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. Valid calibration constants will be saved, and calibration will be locked out.

2.11.2 IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration

To perform IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration, simply connect the appropriate signal, then send the corresponding calibration command. (See Table 2-4 for a summary of com-

2-24

Calibration

prehensive commands, or Table 2-8 for low-level commands.) Remember that you must unlock calibration ﬁrst.

Before sending any calibration commands, you must send the ":CAL:PROT:INIT" command to intialize calibration. After calibrating the desired point(s), you must then save the new calibration constants by sending the ":CAL:PROT:SAVE" command over the bus. You can then lock out calibration by sending ":CAL:PROT:LOCK".

Example

As an example, assume that you intend to calibrate the 2kΩ range. The basic steps are summarized below:

1. Turn on the Model 2002 power, and allow the instrument to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

2. Press the front panel CAL switch to unlock calibration.

3. Send the following command over the bus to initiate calibration:

:CAL:PROT:INIT

4. Connect the 2kΩ (or closest available value) calibration source to the front panel INPUT and SENSE jacks using the 4-wire connections shown in Figure 2-1.

5. Send the following calibration command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 2E3

Be sure to substitute the exact calibration resistance value for the 2E3 parameter in the above command. For example, if the resistance value is 1.90034kΩ, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.90034E3

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 as desired for other calibration points.

7. If desired, send the following commands to program the calibration date and calibration due date:

:CAL:PROT:DATE <yr>,<mon>,<day> :CAL:PROT:NDUE <yr>,<mon>,<day>

8. Send the following command to save calibration constants:

:CAL:PROT:SAVE

9. Finally, send the following command to lock out calibration:

:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2-25

Calibration

2-26

Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction

This section contains detailed information on the various Model 2002 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands. Section 2 of this manual covers detailed calibration procedures, and Appendix B lists calibration programs. For information on additional commands to control other instrument functions, refer to the Model 2002 User's Manual.

Information in this section includes:

3.2 Command summary: Summarizes all commands

necessary to perform comprehensive, AC, and lowlevel calibration.

3.3 CALibration:PROTected Subsystem: Gives detailed

explanations of the various commands used for both comprehensive and low-level calibration.

3.4 CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem: Discusses

the :ACC command, which is used to perform AC user calibration over the bus.

3.5 Bus error reporting: Summarizes bus calibration

errors, and discusses how to obtain error information.

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion: Covers how

to determine when each calibration step is completed by using the *OPC and *OPC? commands.

3.2 Commands

3.2.1 Command summary

Table 3-1 summarizes Model 2002 calibration commands along with the paragraph number where a detailed description of each command is located.

3-1

Calibration Command Reference

Table 3-1

IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary

Command Description Paragraph

:CALibration

:PROTected

Calibration root command.

All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch

3.3

(except queries).

:INITiate :LOCK :SWITch?

Initiate calibration. Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch). Request comprehensive CAL switch state.

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

(0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

:SAVE :DATA? :DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :DATE? :NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day> :NDUE? :DC

:ZERO :V2 <NRf> :V20 <NRf> :OHM1M <NRf> :OHM200K <NRf> :OHM20K <NRf> :OHM2K <NRf> :OHM200 <NRf> :OHM20 <NRf> :A200U <NRf> :A2M <NRf> :A20M <NRf> :A200M <NRf> :A2 <NRf> :OPEN

:LLEVel

:SWITch?

Save cal constants to EEROM. Download cal constants from 2002. Send cal date to 2002. Request cal date from 2002. Send next due cal date to 2002. Request next due cal date from 2002. Comprehensive calibration subsystem.

Low-thermal short calibration step. +2V DC calibration step. +20V DC calibration step. 1MΩ calibration step. 200kΩ calibration step. 20kΩ calibration step. 2kΩ calibration step. 200Ω calibration step. 20Ω calibration step. 200µA DC calibration step. 2mA DC calibration step. 20mA DC calibration step. 200mA DC calibration step. 2A DC calibration step. Open circuit calibration step.

Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

3.3.4

3.3.5

3.3.6

3.3.7

3.3.8

3.3.9

:STEP <Step #>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13

:UNPRotected

:ACCompensation

NOTE: Upper case letters indicated short form of each command. For example, instead of sending ":CALibration:PROTected:INITiate", you can send ":CAL:PROT:INIT".

20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz

1.5V AC at 1kHz step. 200mV AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +100V DC step.

-20V DC step. Rear inputs short-circuit step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. 2V AC at 1Hz step.

Command in this subsystem not protected by CAL switch.

Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)

3.4

3-2

Calibration Command Reference

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected Subsystem

The calibration protected subsystem commands perform all Model 2002 calibration except for AC-only calibration. All commands in this subsystem are protected by the calibration lock (CAL switch). The following paragraphs discuss these commands in detail.

3.3.1 :INIT (:CALibration:PROTected:INITiate)

Purpose To initiate comprehensive and low-level calibration procedures.

Format :cal:prot:init

Parameter None

Description The :INIT command enables Model 2002 calibration when performing these procedures over

the bus. In general, this command must be sent to the unit before sending any other comprehensive or low-level calibration command.

Programming Note The :INIT command should be sent only once before performing either complete or single-point

calibration. Do not send :INIT before each calibration step.

Example :CAL:PROT:INIT Initiate calibration

3.3.2 :LOCK (:CALibration:PROTected:LOCK)

Purpose To lock out comprehensive or low-level calibration.

Format :cal:prot:lock

Parameter None

Description The :LOCK command allows you to lock out both comprehensive and low-level calibration

after completing those procedures. Thus, :LOCK perfoms the opposite of pressing in on the front panel CAL switch.

Programming Note To unlock comprehensive calibration, press in on the CAL switch with the power turned on. To

unlock low-level calibration, hold in the CAL switch while turning on the power.

Example :CAL:PROT:LOCK Lock out calibration

3-3

Calibration Command Reference

3.3.3 :SWITch? (:CALibration:PROTected:SWITch?)

Purpose To read comprehensive calibration lock status.

Format :cal:prot:swit?

Response 0 Comprehensive calibration locked

1 Comprehensive calibration unlocked.

Description The :SWITch? query requests status from the Model 2002 on calibration locked/unlocked state.

Calibration must be unlocked by pressing in on the CAL switch while power is turned on before calibration can be performed.

Programming Note The :CAL:PROT:SWIT? query does not check the status of the low-level calibration lock, which

can be checked by using the :CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT? query. (See paragraph 3.3.9.)

Example :CAL:PROT:SWIT? Request CAL switch status.

3.3.4 :SAVE (:CALibration:PROTected:SAVE)

Purpose To save calibration constants in EEROM after the calibration procedure.

Format :cal:prot:save

Parameter None

Description The :SAVE command stores internally calculated calibration constants derived during both

comprehensive and low-level calibration in EEROM. EEROM is non-volatile memory, and calibration constants will be retained indeﬁnitely once saved. Generally, :SAVE is sent after all other calibration steps (except for :LOCK).

Programming Note Calibration will be only temporary unless the :SAVE command is sent to permanently store cal-

ibration constants.

Example :CAL:PROT:SAVE Save calibration constants

3.3.5 :DATA? (:CALibration:PROTected:DATA?)

Purpose To download calibration constants from the Model 2002

Format :cal:prot:data?

Response <Cal_1>,<Cal_2>,...<Cal_n>

Description :DATA? allows you to request the current calibration constants stored in EEROM from the

instrument. This command can be used to compare present constants with those from a previous calibration procedure to verify that calibration was performed properly. The returned values are ﬂoating-point numbers using ASCII representation delimited by commas (,).

Programming Note See Appendix C for a summary of calibration constant values returned by the :DATA? query.

Example :CAL:PROT:DATA? Request calibration constants.

3-4

Calibration Command Reference

3.3.6 :DATE (:CALibration:PROTected:DATE)

Purpose To send the calibration date to the instrument.

Format :cal:prot:date <yr>,<mon>,<day>

Parameters <yr> = year (yyyy, 1993 to 2092)

<mon> = month (mm, 1 to 12) <day> = day of month (dd, 1 to 31)

Query Format :cal:prot:date?

Response <yr> , <mon> , <day>

Description The :DATE command allows you to store the calibration date in instrument memory for future

reference. You can read back the date from the instrument over the bus by using the :DATE? query, or by using the CALIBRATION selection in the front panel menu.

Programming Note The year, month, and day parameters must be delimited by commas.

Examples :CAL:PROT:DATE 1994,12,16 Send cal date (12/16/94).

:CAL:PROT:DATE? Request date.

3.3.7 :NDUE (:CALibration:PROTected:NDUE)

Purpose To send the next calibration due date to the instrument.

Format :cal:prot:ndue <yr>, <mon>, <day>

Parameters <yr> = year (yyyy, 1993 to 2092)

<mon> = month (mm, 1 to 12) <day> = day of month (dd, 1 to 31)

Query Format :cal:prot:ndue?

Response <yr>, <mon>, <day>

Description The :NDUE command allows you to store the date when calibration is next due in instrument

memory. You can read back the next due date from the instrument over the bus by using the :NDUE? query, or by using the CALIBRATION-DATES selection in the front panel menu.

Programming Note The next due date parameters must be delimited by commas.

Examples :CAL:PROT:NDUE 1995,12,16 Send due date (12/16/95).

:CAL:PROT:NDUE? Request due date.

3-5

Calibration Command Reference

3.3.8 :DC (:CALibration:PROtected:DC)

The :DC commands perform comprehensive (user) calibration. Table 3-2 summarizes these comprehensive calibration commands along with parameter limits.

Table 3-2

Comprehensive calibration commands

Command Description Parameter limits

:CALibration

:PROTected

:DC

:ZERO :V2 <NRf> :V20 <NRf> :OHM1M <NRf> :OHM200K <NRf> :OHM20K <NRf> :OHM2K <NRf> :OHM200 <NRf> :OHM20 <NRf> :A200U <NRf> :A2M <NRf> :A20M <NRf> :A200M <NRf> :A2 <NRf> :OPEN

User calibration subsystem. Short-circuit calibration +2V DC calibration step +20V DC calibration step. 1MΩ calibration step. 200kΩ calibration step. 20kΩ calibration step. 2kΩ calibration step. 200Ω calibration step. 20Ω calibration step. 200µA DC calibration step. 2mA DC calibration step. 20mA DC calibration step. 200mA DC calibration step. 2A DC calibration step. Open-circuit calibration step.

0.95 to 2.05

9.5 to 20.5 475E3 to 1.025E6 95E3 to 205E3

9.5E3 to 20.5E3 950 to 2.05E3 95 to 205

9.5 to 20.5 95E-6 to 205E-6

0.95E-3 to 2.05E-3

9.5E-3 to 20.5E-3 95E-3 to 205E-3

0.95 to 2.05

:ZERO (:CALibration:PROTected:DC:ZERO)

Purpose To perform short-circuit comprehensive calibration.

Format :cal:prot:dc:zero

Parameter none

Description :ZERO performs the short-circuit calibration step in the comprehensive calibration procedure.

A low-thermal short (Model 8610) must be connected to the input jacks before sending this command.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO Perform zero calibration.

3-6

Calibration Command Reference

:V2 (:CALibration:PROTected:DC:V2)

Purpose To program the +2V comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:v2 <Cal_voltage>

Parameter <Cal_voltage> = 0.95 to 2.05 [V]

Description :V2 programs the +2V DC comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibra-

tion voltage parameter is from 0.95 to 2.05V, but 2V is recommended for best results.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:V2 2 Program 2V step.

:V20 (:CALibration:PROTected:DC:V20)

Purpose To program the +20V DC comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:v20 <Cal_voltage>

Parameter <Cal_voltage> = 9.5 to 20.5 [V]

Description :V2 programs the +20V DC comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibra-

tion voltage parameter is from 9.5 to 20.5V, but 20V is recommended for best results.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:V20 20 Program 20V step.

:OHM1M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM1M)

Purpose To program the 1MΩ comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm1m <Cal_resistance>

Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 475E3 to 1.025E6 [Ω]

Description :OHM1M programs the 1MΩ comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-

bration resistance parameter is from 475kΩ to 1.025MΩ. Use the 1MΩ value whenever possible, or the closest possible value.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM1M 1E6 Program 1MΩ cal step.

3-7

Calibration Command Reference

Purpose To program the 200kΩ comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm200k <Cal_resistance>

Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 95E3 to 205E3 [Ω]

Description :OHM200K programs the 200kΩ comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200K 100E3 Program 200kΩ step.

Purpose To program the 20kΩ comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm20k <Cal_resistance>

Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 9.5E3 to 20.5E3 [Ω]

:OHM200K (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM200K)

calibration resistance parameter is from 95kΩ to 205kΩ. Use a 100kΩ value whenever possible, or the closest possible value.

:OHM20K (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM20K)

Description :OHM20K programs the 20kΩ comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cal-

ibration resistance parameter is from 9.5kΩ to 20.5kΩ. Use the 20kΩ value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 19kΩ, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20K 19E3 Program 20kΩ step.

:OHM2K (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM2K)

Purpose To program the 2kΩ comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm2k <Cal_resistance>

Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 950 to 2.05E3 [Ω]

Description :OHM2K programs the 2kΩ comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-

bration resistance parameter is from 0.95kΩ to 2.05kΩ. Use the 2kΩ value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 1.9kΩ, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM2K 1.9E3 Program 2kΩ step.

3-8

Calibration Command Reference

:OHM200 (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM200)

Purpose To program the 200Ω comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm200 <Cal_resistance>

Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 95 to 205 [Ω]

Description :OHM200 programs the 200Ω comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the

calibration resistance parameteris from 95Ω to 205Ω. Use the 200Ω value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 190Ω, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM200 190 Program 200Ω step.

:OHM20 (CALibration:PROTected:DC:OHM20)

Purpose To program the 20Ω comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:ohm20 <Cal_resistance>

Parameter <Cal_resistance> = 9.5 to 20.5 [Ω]

Description :OHM20 programs the 20Ω comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the

calibration resistance parameter is from 9.5Ω to 20.5kΩ. Use the 20Ω value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 19Ω, which is the closet value available on many calibrators).

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:OHM20 19 Program 20Ω step.

:A200U (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A200U)

Purpose To program the 200µA comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:a200u <Cal_current>

Parameter <Cal_current> = 95E-6 to 205E-6 [A]

Description :A200U programs the 200µA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-

bration current parameter is from 95µA to 205µA. Use the 200µA value whenever possible for best results.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A200U 200E-6 Program 200µA step.

3-9

Calibration Command Reference

Purpose To program the 2mA comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:a2m <Cal_current>

Parameter <Cal_current> = 0.95E-3 to 2.05E-3 [A]

Description :A2M programs the 2mA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibration

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A2M 2E-3 Program 2mA step.

Purpose To program the 20mA comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:a20m <Cal_current>

Parameter <Cal_current> = 9.5E-3 to 20.5E-3 [A]

:A2M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A2M)

current parameter is from 0.95mA to 2.05µA. Use the 2mA value whenever possible for best results.

:A20M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A20M)

Description :A200U programs the 20mA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cali-

bration current parameter is from 9.5mA to 20.5mA. Use the 20mA value whenever possible for best results.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A20M 20E-3 Program 20mA step.

:A200M (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A200M)

Purpose To program the 200mA comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:a200m <Cal_current>

Parameter <Cal_current> = 95E-3 to 205E-3 [A]

Description :A200M programs the 200mA comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the cal-

ibration current parameter is from 95mA to 205mA. Use the 200mA value whenever possible for best results.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A200M 200E-3 Program 200mA step.

3-10

:A2 (CALibration:PROTected:DC:A2)

Purpose To program the 2A comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:a2 <Cal_current>

Parameter <Cal_current> = 0.95 to 2.05 [A]

Description A2 programs the 2A comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the calibration cur-

rent parameter is from 0.95A to 2.05A. Use the 1A value whenever possible for best results.

Example :CAL:PROT:DC:A2 1 Program 2A step.

3.3.9 :LLEVel (:CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel)

Low-level calibration commands are summarized in Table 3-3.

Table 3-3

Low-level calibration commands

Command Description

:CALibration

:PROTected

:LLEVel

:SWITch?

:STEP <Step #>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Calibration Command Reference

Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz step.

1.5V AC at 1kHz step.

0.2V AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +100V DC step.

-20V DC step. Rear inputs short-circuit step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. 2V AC at 1Hz step.

3-11

Calibration Command Reference

:SWITch? (CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel:SWITch?)

Purpose To request the state of the low-level calibration lock.

Format :cal:prot:llev:swit?

Response 0 Low-level calibration locked

1 Low-level calibration unlocked

Description :SWITch? query requests the status of the low-level calibration lock from the instrument. This

:SWITch? query should not be confused with the :SWITch? query that requests the status of the comprehensive calibration lock (see paragraph 3.3.2.)

Programming Note To unlock low-level calibration, hold in the CAL switch while turning on instrument power.

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT? Request low-level CAL switch status.

:STEP (CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel:STEP)

Purpose To program individual low-level calibration steps.

Format :cal:prot:llev:step <n>

Parameters 1 20V AC @ 1kHz

2 20V AC @ 30kHz 3 200V AC @ 1kHz 4 200V AC @ 30kHz 5 1.5V AC @ 1kHz 6 200mV AC @ 1kHz 7 5mV AC @ 100kHz 8 0.5mV AC @ 1kHz 9 +100V DC 10 -20V DC 11 Rear inputs short-circuit. 12 20mA AC @ 1kHz 13 2V AC @ 1HZ

Description The :STEP command programs the 13 individual low-level calibration steps; <n> represents the

calibration step number. The appropriate signal must be connected to the instrument when programming each step, as summarized in the parameters listed above (see Section 2 for details).

Example :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7 Program low-level step 7.

3-12

Calibration Command Reference

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem

3.4.1 :ACCompensation (:CALibration:UNPRotected:ACCompensation)

Purpose To perform user AC calibration

Format :cal:unpr:acc

Parameter None

Description The :ACC command performs user AC calibration, which requires no calibration equipment. All

test leads must be disconnected from the input jacks when performing user AC calibration.

Programming Note Calibration constants generated by using the :ACC command are not stored in EEROM. Thus,

AC calibration constants are in effect only until the instrument is turned off. In order to save AC calibration constants, perform the comprehensive calibration procedure, then use the :SAVE command. Note that AC calibration takes about six minutes to complete.

Example :CAL:UNPR:ACC Perform AC user cal.

3.5 Bus error reporting

3.5.1 Calibration error summary

Refer to Appendix C for a summary of calibration errors and additional information on speciﬁc errors.

3.5.2 Detecting Calibration Errors

If an error occurs during any calibration step, the Model 2002 will generate an error message. Several methods to detect calibration errors are discussed in the following paragraphs. The calibration programs listed in Appendix B may be used as examples for some of these methods.

Error queue

As with other Model 2002 errors, any calibration errors will be reported in the bus error queue. You can read this queue by using the :SYST:ERR? query. The Model 2002 will respond with the appropriate error message, as summarized in Appendix C.

Status Byte EAV (Error Available) Bit

Whenever an error is available in the error queue, the EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) of the status byte will be set. Use the *STB? query or serial polling to obtain the status byte, then test bit 2 to see if it is set. If the EAV bit is set, an error has occurred, and you can use the :SYST:ERR? query to read the error and at the same time clear the EAV bit in the status byte.

Generating an SRQ on error

To program the instrument to generate an SRQ when an error occurs, send the following command: *SRE 4. This command will enable SRQ when the EAV bit is set. You can then read the status byte and error queue as outlined above to check for errors and to determine the exact nature of the error.

3-13

Calibration Command Reference

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion

When sending calibration commands over the IEEE-488 bus, you must wait until the instrument completes the current operation before sending a command. You can use either *OPC? or *OPC to help determine when each calibration step is completed. (The example programs in Appendix B use the *OPC command to detect when each calibration step is completed.)

3.6.1 Using the *OPC? Query

With the *OPC? (operation complete) query, the instrument will place an ASCII 1 in the output queue when it has completed each step. To determine when the OPC response is ready, do the following:

1. Repeatedly test the MAV (Message Available) bit (bit 4) in the status byte and wait until it is set. (You can request the status byte by using the *STB? query or serial polling.)

2. When MAV is set, a message is available in the output queue, and you can read the output queue and test for an ASCII 1.

3. After reading the output queue, repeatedly test MAV again until it clears. At this point, the calibration step is completed.

3.6.2 Using the *OPC command

The *OPC (operation complete) command can also be used to detect the completion of each calibration step. In order to use *OPC to detect the end of each calibration step, you must do the following:

1. Enable operation complete by sending *ESE 1. The command sets the OPC (operation complete bit) in the standard event enable register, allowing operation complete status from the standard event status register to set the ESB (event summary bit) in the status byte when operation complete is detected.

2. Send the *OPC command immediately following each calibration command. For example:

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO;*OPC

Note that you must include the semicolon (;) to separate the two commands, and that the *OPC command must appear on the same line as the calibration command.

3. After sending a calibration command, repeatedly test the ESB (Event Summary) bit (bit 5) in the status byte until it is set. (Use either the *STB? query or serial polling to request the status byte.)

4. Once operation complete has been detected, clear OPC status using one of two methods: (1) Use the *ESR? query, then read the response to clear the standard event status register, or (2) Send the *CLS command to clear the status registers. Note that sending *CLS will also clear the error queue and operation complete status.

3.6.3 Generating an SRQ on calibration complete

An SRQ (service request) can be used to detect operation complete instead of repeatedly polling the Model 2002. To use this method, send both *ESE 1 and *SRE 32 to the instrument, then include the *OPC command at the end of each calibration command line, as covered in paragraph 3.6.2 above. Refer to your controller's documentation for information on detecting and servicing SRQs. The example calibration programs in Appendix B demonstrate how to use SRQ to detect the end of each calibration step.

3-14

Specifications A-1

Specifications

A-2 Specifications

Specifications

The following pages contain the complete specifications for the 2002. Every effort has been made to make these specifications complete by characterizing its performance under the variety of conditions often encountered in production, engineering, and research.

The 2002 provides Transfer, 24-hour, 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year specifications, with full specifications for the 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year intervals. This allows the operator to utilize 90-day, 1-year, or 2-year recommended calibration intervals, depending upon the level of accuracy desired. As a general rule, the 2002’s 2-year performance exceeds a 6½-digit DMM’s 90-day, 180-day, or 1-year specifications.

Absolute Accuracy

All DC specifications are given as relative accuracies. To obtain absolute accuracies, the absolute uncertainties of the calibration sources must be added to the relative accuracies. The absolute uncertainties for the calibration sources used during Keithley’s factory calibration are included in the specifications. The uncertainties of the operator’s sources may be different.

All AC specifications are given as absolute accuracies.

Typical Accuracies

Accuracy can be specified as typical or warranted. All specifications shown are warranted unless specifically noted. Almost 99% of the 2002’s specifications are warranted specifications. In some cases it is not possible to obtain sources to maintain traceability on the performance of every unit in production on some measurement (e.g., high-voltage, high frequency signal sources with sufficient accuracy do not exist). These values are listed as typical.

2002 Specified Calibration Intervals

Measurement 24 90 1 2 Function Hour

DC Volts • • • • DC Volts Peak Spikes • • •

AC Volts rms •

AC Volts Peak • • • AC Volts Average • AC Volts Crest Factor • • •

Ohms • • • •

DC Current • • • • DC In-Circuit Current • • •

AC Current • • •

Frequency • • •

Temperature (Thermocouple) • • • Temperature (RTD) • • • •

For T

±1°C.

CAL

For T

±5°C.

CAL

For ±2°C of last AC self-cal.

Day

Year

•

Year

•

Specifications A-3

DC Volts

DCV Input Characteristics and Accuracy

Enhanced Accuracy1 – 10PLC, DFILT 10

Range Scale Resolution Resistance Transfer

Full Input

200mV

±210.000000 1 nV >100 GΩ 0.4 + 1.5 3.5 + 3 15 + 8 19 + 9 23 + 10 2 + 1.8

±2.10000000 10 nV >100 GΩ 0.2 + 0.15 1.2 + 0.3 6 + 0.8 10 + 0.9 14 + 1 0.2 + 0.18

20 V ±21.0000000 100 nV >100 GΩ 0.1 + 0.05 1.2 + 0.1 6 + 0.15 10 + 0.15 14 + 0.15 0.3 + 0.02

200 V ±210.000000 1 µV 10 MΩ±1% 0.5 + 0.08 5 + 0.4 14 + 2 22 + 2 30 + 2 1.5 + 0.3

1000 V

±1100.00000 10 µV 10 MΩ±1% 1 + 0.05 5 + 0.08 14 + 0.4 22 + 0.4 30 + 0.4 1.5 + 0.06

DC Voltage Uncertainty = ±[ (ppm of reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) × (range used)] / 1,000,000.

% Accuracy = (ppm accuracy) /10,000.

1ppm of Range = 20 counts for ranges up to 200V and 10 counts on 1000V range at 7½ digits.

Normal Accuracy14 – 1PLC, DFILT off

Range Scale Resolution Resistance 24 Hours

Full Input

200 mV

±210.00000 10 nV >100 GΩ 3.5 + 6 15 + 11 19 + 12 23 + 13 2 + 1.8

±2.1000000 100 nV >100 GΩ 1.2 + 0.6 6 + 1.1 10 + 1.2 14 + 1.3 0.2 + 0.18

20 V ±21.000000 1 µV >100 GΩ 3.2 + 0.35 8 + 0.4 12 + 0.4 16 + 0.4 0.3 + 0.02

200 V ±210.00000 10 µV 10 MΩ±1% 5 + 1.2 14 + 2.8 22 + 2.8 30 + 2.8 1.5 + 0.3

1000 V

±1100.0000 100 µV 10 MΩ±1% 5 + 0.4 14 + 0.7 22 + 0.7 30 + 0.7 1.5 + 0.06

±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C

Relative Accuracy Temperature Coefficient

±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C

24 Hours290 Days31 Year32 Years

Outside TCAL ±5°C

Relative Accuracy Temperature Coefficient

90 Days

1 Year

2 Years

Outside TCAL ±5°C

Speed and Accuracy 90 Days

±(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise

Accuracy

10PLC 1PLC

Range 10 Readings DFILT Off 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off

200 mV

20 V 6 + 0.15 + 0 6 + 0.15 + 0.03 7 + 0.15 + 0.05 8 + 0.15 + 0.08 15 + 0.5 + 0.7 130 + 200 + 3

200 V 14+2 +0 14+2 +0.1 14+2 +0.15 14 +2 +0.25 15+ 2 + 1 130+200+ 3

1000 V

PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.

Noise Rejection (dB)

Speed AC and DC CMRR (Number of Line Sync On Power Line Line Sync Internal 25 Readings On

Cycles) On

PLC ≥ 1 140 120 90 80 60 PLC < 1 90 60 60 50 0

Effective noise is reduced by a factor of 10 for every 20dB of noise rejection (140dB reduces effective noise by 10,000,000:1).

CMRR is rejection of undesirable AC or DC signal between LO and earth. NMRR is rejection of undesirable power line related AC signal between HI and LO.

DCV Reading Rates

PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 8

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 7

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 6

0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5

0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4

0.01

DFILT On, 10PLC DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC 0.01PLC

15+8 +0 15+8 +0.5 15+8 +0.7 15 +8 +1 25 +10 +13 100 +200+15

6+0.8 +0 6+0.8 +0.05 6+0.8 +0.07 6 + 0.8 +0.1 7 + 1 + 1.3 130 +200 + 3

14 + 0.4 + 0 14 + 0.4 + 0.05 14 + 0.4 + 0.05 14 + 0.4 + 0.1 15 + 0.5 + 0.5 90 + 200 + 2

Trigger DFILT On DFILT Off DFILT Off

9,10

AC NMRR

Line Sync Internal

Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488

⁄2 6 (5) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)

⁄2 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4)

⁄2 56 (48) 47 (40) 55 (45) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)

⁄2 235 (209) 154 (137) 225 (200) 146 (130) 152 (135) 118 (105)

⁄2 318 (305) 173 (166) 308 (295) 168 (161) 181 (174) 121 (116)

⁄2 325 (325) 179 (179) 308 (308) 173 (173) 182 (182) 124 (124)

⁄2 390 (390) 186 (186) 365 (365) 182 (182) 201 (201) 125 (125)

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4

⁄2 2000(2000) 2000(2000)

1,5

)

Keithley Factory Calibration Uncertainty

Range ppm of reading

Trigger

Factory calibration uncertainty represents traceability to NIST. This uncertainty is added to relative accuracy specifications to obtain absolute accuracies. The 200mV and 2V range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 2V calibration source. The 20V, 200V, and 1000V range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 20V calibration source.

200mV 3.2

2V 3.2

20 V 2.6

200 V 2.6

1000 V 2.6

Readings/Second with

Time Stamp to IEEE-488

A-4 Specifications

DC Volts (cont’d)

Linearity <0.1ppm of range typical,

Zero Stability Typical maximum variation

Range 1 PLC 10 PLC

200 mV

20 V ± 4 counts ± 1 count

200 V ± 5 counts ± 2 counts

1000 V ± 2 counts ± 1 count

<0.2ppm maximum.

in 1 hour, T

REF ± 0.5°C, 7½-

digit resolution, 10-reading digital filter, synchronous autozero.

± 60 counts ± 40 counts

± 6 counts ± 4 counts

Polarity Reversal Error This is the portion of the instrument error that is seen when

HI and LO are reversed. This is not an additional error—it is included in the overall instrument accuracy specification. Reversal Error: <4 counts at 10V input at 7½ digits, 10 power line cycles, synchronous autozero, 10-reading repeat digital filter.

Input Bias Current <100pA at 25°C.

Settling Characteristics <50µs to 10ppm of step size for the 200mV–20V ranges. <1ms

to 10ppm of step size for the 200V and 1000V ranges. Reading settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.

Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

DC Volts Notes

1 Specifications are for 10 power line cycles, synchronous

autozero, 10-reading repeat digital filter, autorange off, except as noted.

CAL ±1°C, following 4-hour warm-up. TCAL is ambient

2 For T

temperature at calibration (23°C at the factory). Add 0.5 ppm of reading uncertainty if the unit is power cycled during this interval.

CAL ±5°C, following 4-hour warm-up.

3 For T 4 Care must be taken to minimize thermal offsets due to

operator cables.

CAL ±5°C, normal autozero. 1-year or 2-year accuracy

5 For T

can be found by applying the same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.

6 Applies for 1kΩ imbalance in the LO lead. For 400Hz

operation, subtract 10dB. For the 200V and 1000V ranges, subtract 20dB.

7 For noise synchronous to the line frequency. 8 For line frequency ±0.1%.

9 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, internal trigger,

digital filter off, normal autozero, display off, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.

10 Typical values. Peak-to-peak noise equals 6 times rms

noise.

11 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero

refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

12 Specifications apply for 20-reading repeat digital filter,

REF ± 0.5°C (TREF is the initial ambient temperature), and

T for measurements within 10% of the initial measurement value and within 10 minutes of the initial measurement time.

13 Add 2.5ppm × (V

inputs above 200V, except in transfer accuracy

IN/1000V)

additional uncertainty for

specifications.

14 Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, normal autozero,

digital filter off, autorange off.

15 Using Internal Buffer.

DCV Peak Spikes Measurement

Repetitive Spikes Accuracy

Range 0–1kHz

200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.09+0.7 0.1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002+0.03

2 V 0.08+0.3 0.09+0.3 0.1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002+0.03

20 V 0.1 +0.7 0.11+0.7 0.14+0.7 0.19+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004+0.03

200 V

1000 V

Max. % of Range ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±125% ±100% ±75%

0.1 +0.3 0.11+0.3 0.14+0.3 0.19+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.322.5+0.325.5+0.329+0.3

0.12+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.2 +0.6 0.25+0.620.5 +0.6

90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C ±(% of reading+% of range)

Temperature Coefficient

1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz – 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–

±(% of reading+% of range)/°C

10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside TCAL ±5°C

0.004+0.03

0.01 +0.02

Default Measurement

Resolution 3½ digits.

Maximum Input ±1100V peak value, 2×10

V·Hz (for inputs above 20V).

Non-Repetitive Spikes 10% of range per µs typical slew rate.

Spike Width Specifications apply for spikes ≥1µs.

Range Control In Multiple Display mode, voltage range is the same as DCV

range.

Spikes Measurement

Window Default is 100ms per reading (settable from 0.1 to 9.9s in

Primary Display mode).

Input Characteristics Same as ACV input characteristics.

Spikes Display Access as multiple display on DC Volts. First option presents

positive peak spikes and highest spike since reset. Second option presents negative spikes and lowest spike. Highest and lowest spike can be reset by pressing DCV function button. Third option displays the maximum and minimum levels of the input signal. Spikes displays are also available through CONFIG-ACV-ACTYPE as primary displays.

DCV Peak Spikes Notes

1 Specifications apply for 10-reading digital filter. If no

filter is used, add 0.25% of range typical uncertainty.

2 Typical values. 3 Add 0.001% of reading × (V

for inputs above 100V.

4 Specifications assume AC+DC coupling for frequencies

below 200Hz. Below 20Hz add 0.1% of reading additional uncertainty.

IN/100V)

additional uncertainty

Specifications A-5

AC Volts

AC magnitude: rms or Average. Peak and Crest Factor measurements also available.

ACV Input Characteristics

rms Peak Full Scale ±(% of reading + % of range) / °C

Range Input rms Resolution Input Impedance Outside T

200 mV 1 V 210.0000 100 nV 1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.004 + 0.001

2 V 8 V 2.100000 1 µV1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.004 + 0.001

20 V 100 V 21.00000 10 µV1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.006 + 0.001 200 V 800 V 210.0000 100 µV1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.006 + 0.001 750 V 1100 V 775.000 1 mV 1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.012 + 0.001

AC Voltage Uncertainty = ±[ (% of reading) × (measured value) + (% of range ) × (range used) ] / 100.

PPM Accuracy = (% accuracy) × 10,000.

0.015% of Range = 30 counts for ranges up to 200V and 113 counts on 750V range at 5½ digits.

Low Frequency Mode rms

90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, ±2°C from last AC self-cal, for 1% to 100% of range3, ±(% of reading + % of range)

Range 1–10Hz510–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

200 mV 0.09+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.03+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

2 V 0.09+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.025+0.015 0.02+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

20 V 0.1 +0.015 0.06+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2 200 V40.1 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.03 +0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.02554+0.2 750 V40.13+0.015 0.09+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.01550.5+0.015

Normal Mode rms

90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, ±2°C from last AC self-cal, for 1% to 100% of range3, ±(% of reading + % of range)

Range 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

200 mV 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.02+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.01 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

2 V 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.02+0.01 0.02+0.01 0.025+0.01 0.05+0.01 0.3+0.01 0.75+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

20 V 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2

200 V 750 V

0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.07+0.015 0.3+0.015 0.75+0.02554+0.2

0.25+0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.01550.5+0.015

Temperature Coefficient

CAL ±5°C

dB Accuracy rms ±dB, 90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C, Reference=1V, Autoranging, Low Frequency Mode, AC+DC Coupling

Input 1–100Hz 0.1–30kHz 30–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

–54 to–40 dB (2mV to 10 mV) 0.230 0.225 0.236 0.355 –40 to–34 dB (10 mV to 20mV) 0.036 0.031 0.041 0.088 –34 to 6 dB (20 mV to 2 V) 0.023 0.018 0.028 0.066 0.265 0.630

6 to 26 dB (2 V to 20 V) 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.066 0.538 0.820 26 to 46 dB (20 V to 200 V) 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.066 46 to 57.8 dB (200 V to 775 V) 0.018 0.021 0.049

ACV Reading Rates

5,6

Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488

PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 6½ 6 (5) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 5½ 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 28 (23) 9 (7.4) 26 (21) 9 (7.4) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 5½ 56 (48) 47 (40) 52 (43) 44 (36) 48 (39) 40 (33)

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 5½ 145 (129) 110 (98) 131 (117) 100 (88) 102 (91) 79 (70)

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 5½ 150 (144) 112 (108) 132 (127) 101 (97) 102 (98) 80 (77)

0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 150 (150) 115 (115) 132 (132) 103 (103) 102 (102) 80 (80)

0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 382 (382) 116 (116) 251 (251) 103 (103) 163 (163) 80 (80)

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 2000(2000) 2000(2000)

0.01

0.538

Readings/Second with

Time Stamp to IEEE-488

A-6 Specifications

AC Volts (cont’d)

Crest Factor = Peak AC / rms AC.

Crest Factor Resolution 3 digits.

Crest Factor Accuracy Peak AC uncertainty + AC

Measurement Time 100ms plus rms

Input Characteristics Same as ACV input.

Crest Factor

Frequency Range 20Hz – 1MHz.

Crest Factor Display Access as multiple display

normal mode rms uncertainty.

measurement time.

on AC volts.

AC CouplingACV Crest Factor Measurement

For AC only coupling, add the following % of reading:

1–10Hz 10–20Hz 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 100–200Hz

Normal Mode (rms, average) — — 0.41 0.07 0.015 Low Frequency Mode (rms) 0.1 0.01 0 0 0

For low frequency mode below 200Hz, specifications apply for sine wave inputs only.

AC+DC Coupling

For DC >20% of AC rms voltage, apply the following additional uncertainty, multiplied by the ratio (DC/total rms). Applies to rms and average measurements.

Range % of Reading % of Range

200mV, 20V 0.05 0.1

2V, 200V, 750V 0.07 0.01

Average ACV Measurement

Normal mode rms specifications apply from 10% to 100% of range, for 20Hz–1MHz. Add 0.025% of range uncertainty for 50kHz–100kHz, 0.05% of range uncertainty for 100kHz– 200kHz, and 0.5% of range uncertainty for 200kHz–1MHz.

ACV Peak Value Measurement

Repetitive Peak Accuracy, ±(% of reading+% of range), 90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C

High Crest Factor Additional Error ±(% of reading)

Applies to rms measurements.

Crest Factor 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 5

Additional Error 0 0.1 0.2 0.4

Temperature Coefficient

Range 1kHz

20Hz– 1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz– 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–

10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside TCAL ±5°C

±(% of reading+% of range)/°C

200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.09+0.7 0 .1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002 + 0.03

2 V 0.08+0.3 0.09+0.3 0 .1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002 + 0.03

20 V 0.1 +0.7 0.11+0.7 0.14+0.7 0.19+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004 + 0.03

200 V

750 V

Valid % of Range

0.1 +0.3 0.11+0.3 0.14+0.3 0.19+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.352.5+0.355.5+0.359+0.3

0.12+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.2 +0.6 0.25+0.650.5 +0.6

10–400% 10–400% 10–400% 10–350% 10–350% 10–250% 10–150% 10–100% 7.5–75%

Default Measurement

Resolution 4 digits.

Non-Repetitive Peak 10% of range per µs typical slew rate for single spikes.

Peak Width Specifications apply for all peaks ≥1µs.

Peak Measurement Window 100ms per reading.

Maximum Input ±1100V peak, 2×10

Settling Characteristics Normal Mode (rms, avg.) <300ms to 1% of step change

V·Hz (for inputs above 20V).

<450ms to 0.1% of step change <500ms to 0.01% of step change

Low Frequency Mode (rms) <5s to 0.1% of final value

Common Mode Rejection For 1kΩ imbalance in either lead: >60dB for line frequency ±0.1%.

Maximum Volt·Hz Product 2 × 10

V·Hz (for inputs above 20V).

Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

0.004 + 0.03

0.01 + 0.02

AC Volts Notes

1 Specifications apply for sinewave input, AC + DC coupling,

1 power line cycle, autozero on, digital filter off, following 55-minute warm-up.

2 Temperature coefficient applies to rms and average

readings. For frequencies above 100kHz, add 0.01% of reading/°C to temperature coefficient.

3 For 1% to 5% of range below 750V range, and for 1% to 7%

of 750V range, add 0.01% of range uncertainty. For inputs from 200kHz to 2MHz, specifications apply above 10% of range.

IN/100V)

4 Add 0.001% of reading × (V

additional uncertainty

above 100V rms. 5 Typical values. 6 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, internal trigger,

digital filter off, normal autozero, display off, SREAL

format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for

400Hz equal those for 50Hz. Applies for normal rms and average mode. Low frequency rms mode rate is typically

0.2 readings per second.

7 For overrange readings 200–300% of range, add 0.1% of

reading uncertainty. For 300–400% of range, add 0.2% of reading uncertainty.

8 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero

refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

9 AC peak specifications assume AC + DC coupling for fre-

quencies below 200Hz.

10 Specifications apply for 10-reading digital filter. If no

filter is used, add 0.25% of range typical uncertainty. 11 Subject to peak input voltage specification. 12 Using Internal Buffer.

Ohms

Specifications A-7

Two-Wire and Four-Wire Ohms

Range Scale Resolution Source

20 Ω 21.0000000 100 nΩ 7.2 mA 5 V 50 Ω 10 Ω±0.2 V

200 Ω 210.000000 1 µΩ 960 µA 5 V 200 Ω 100 Ω±0.2 V

2kΩ 2100.00000 10 µΩ 960 µA 5 V 200 Ω 150 Ω –0.2 V to +2 V

20 kΩ 21.0000000 100 µΩ 96 µA 5 V1.5kΩ 1.5 kΩ –0.2 V to +2 V

200 kΩ 210.000000 1 mΩ 9.6 µA 5 V1.5kΩ 1.5 kΩ

2MΩ 2.10000000 10 mΩ 1.9 µA 6 V1.5kΩ 1.5 kΩ

20 MΩ

200 MΩ

1GΩ

Full Current Open HI Lead LO Lead Offset

21.0000000 100 mΩ 1.4 µA

210.000000 1 Ω 1.4 µA

1.05000000 10 Ω 1.4 µA

Keithley Factory Calibration Uncertainty

Range ppm of reading

20 Ω 29.5

200 Ω 7.7

2kΩ 6.4

20 kΩ 7.8

200 kΩ 7.3

2MΩ 14.9

20MΩ 14.9

200MΩ 14.9

1GΩ 14.9

Factory calibration uncertainty represents traceability to NIST. This uncertainty is added to relative accuracy specifications to obtain absolute accuracies.

The 20Ω - 2MΩ range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the respective calibration sources.

The 20MΩ, 200MΩ, and 1GΩ range uncertainties are equal to the uncertainty of the 2MΩ calibration source.

Maximum Maximum Maximum

13 13 13

Circuit

14 V 14 V 14 V

Resistance

Compensation

Enhanced Accuracy5 10PLC, Offset comp. on, DFILT 10

Temperature

Coefficient

Relative Accuracy

± (ppm of reading + ppm of range) ppm of range) / °C

Range Transfer

20 Ω 2.5 + 3 5 + 4.5 15 + 6 17 + 6 20 + 6 2.5 + 0.7

200 Ω 2.5 + 2 5 + 3 15 + 4 17 + 4 20 + 4 2.5 + 0.5

2kΩ 1.3 + 0.2 2.5 + 0.3 7 + 0.4 9 + 0.4 11 + 0.4 0.8 + 0.05

20 kΩ 1.3 + 0.2 2.5 + 0.3 7 + 0.4 9 + 0.4 11 + 0.4 0.8 + 0.05

200 kΩ 2.5 + 0.4 5.5 + 0.5 29 + 0.8 35 + 0.9 40 + 1 3.5 + 0.18

2MΩ 5 + 0.2 12 + 0.3 53 + 0.5 65 + 0.5 75 + 0.5 7 + 0.1

20 MΩ

200 MΩ

1GΩ

15 + 0.1 50 + 0.2 175 + 0.6 250 + 0.6 300 + 0.6 20 + 0.1

50 + 0.5 150 + 1 500 + 3 550 + 3 600 + 3 80 + 0.5

250 + 2.5 750 + 5 2000 + 15 2050 + 15 2100 + 15 400 + 2.5

Resistance Uncertainty = ±[(ppm of reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) ×

1ppm of Range = 20 counts for ranges up to 200MΩ and 10 counts on 1GΩ

24 Hours690 Days71 Year72 Years

(range used)] / 1,000,000.

% Accuracy = (ppm accuracy) / 10,000.

range at 7½ digits.

± (ppm of reading +

Outside TCAL ±5°C

Speed and Accuracy 90 Days

9,15

10PLC 1PLC

±(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise

DFILT On, 10PLC DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC

RANGE 10 Readings DFILT Off 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off

Accuracy

20 Ω 15 + 11 + 0 15 + 11 + 0.5 15 + 13 + 0.5 15 + 13 + 1 15 + 16 + 25 110 + 200 + 35

200 Ω 15+8 +0 15+8 +0.5 17+8 +0.5 17+8 + 1 17+10 +15 110+200+35

2kΩ 7 + 0.8 + 0 7 + 0.8 + 0.05 8 + 0.8 + 0.07 8 + 0.8 + 0.2 8 + 1 + 2 130 + 230 + 5

20 kΩ 7 + 0.8 + 0 7 + 0.8 + 0.1 8 + 0.8 + 0.1 9 + 0.8 + 0.2 40 + 1 + 2 130 + 230 + 5

200 kΩ 29 + 0.8 + 0 29 + 0.8 + 0.1 31 + 0.8 + 0.1 34 + 0.8 + 0.2 250 + 1 + 2

2MΩ 53 + 0.5 + 0 53 + 0.5 + 0.1 58 + 0.5 + 0.1 68 + 0.5 + 0.2 750 + 0.7 + 2

20 MΩ

200 MΩ

1GΩ

175 + 0.6 + 0 175 + 0.6 + 0 175 + 0.6 + 0 200 + 0.6 + 0

500 + 3 + 0 510 + 3 + 0 510 + 3 + 0 550 + 3 + 0

2000 + 15 + 0 2100 + 15 + 0 2100 + 15 + 0 2500 + 15 + 0

PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.

2-Wire Accuracy ±(ppm of range)

Additional Temperature

Range (inside T

20 Ω 300 ppm 70 ppm/°C

200 Ω 30 ppm 7 ppm/°C

2kΩ 3 ppm 0.7 ppm/°C

Uncertainty Coefficient

CAL ± 5°C) (outside TCAL ±5°C)

Normal Accuracy

RANGE 24 Hours

20 Ω 5 +12 15 + 16 17 + 17 20 + 19 2.5 + 2.5

1PLC, Offset comp. off, DFILT off

Relative Accuracy

± (ppm of reading + ppm of range) ppm of range)/°C

90 Days

200 Ω 7 + 8 17 + 11 19 + 12 22 + 13 2.5 + 1.8

2kΩ 3.5 + 1.1 8 + 1.4 10 + 1.5 12 + 1.6 0.8+ 0.18

20 kΩ 4.5 + 1.1 9 + 1.4 11 + 1.5 13 + 1.6 0.8+ 0.18

200 kΩ 11 + 1.1 34 + 1.4 40 + 1.5 45 + 1.6 3.5+ 0.18

2MΩ 27 + 0.9 68 + 1.1 80 + 1.1 90 + 1.1 7 + 0.1

20 MΩ

200 MΩ

1GΩ

75 + 0.2 200 + 0.6 275 + 0.6 325 + 0.6 20 + 0.1

200 + 1 550 + 3 600 + 3 650 + 3 80 + 0.5

1250 + 5 2500 + 15 2550 + 15 2600 + 15 400 + 2.5

)

1 Year

2 Years

0.01PLC

8,11

Temperature

Coefficient

± (ppm of reading +

Outside TCAL ± 5°C

A-8 Specifications

Ohms (cont’d)

Settling Characteristics Pre-programmed settling delay times are for <500pF external circuit capacitance. Reading

Ohms Voltage Drop

Measurement Available as a multiple display.

Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.

2-Wire Resistance Reading Rates

Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488

10,12

Readings/Second with

Time Stamp to IEEE-488

PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 8½ 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7½ 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 7½ 56 (48) 47 (40) 55 (45) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)

0.2

0.1

0.02

0.01

4-Wire Resistance Reading Rates

3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6½ 222 (197) 156 (139) 220 (196) 148 (132) 156 (139) 107 (95)

1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 6½ 330 (317) 176 (169) 305 (293) 166 (159) 157 (151) 110 (106)

334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 330 (330) 182 (182) 305 (305) 172 (172) 160 (160) 113 (113)

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 384 (384) 186 (186) 352 (352) 172 (172) 179 (179) 123 (123)

8,11

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 2000(2000) 2000(2000)

10,12

Readings or Readings with Time Stamp/Second to Memory or IEEE-488

Measurement Default Autozero Off Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero On

PLC Aperture Bits Digits Offset Comp. Off Offset Comp. On Offset Comp. Off Offset Comp. On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 8½ 6 ( 5 ) 3 (2.5) 2 (1.6) 1 (0.8)

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7½ 27 (22) 13 (10.7) 9 (7.4) 4 (3.5) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 7½ 50 (41) 25 (20) 42 (34) 20 (16)

0.2

0.1

0.02

0.01

Ohms Notes

3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6½ 154 (137) 76 (68) 115 (102) 54 (48)

1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 6½ 184 (176) 92 (88) 123 (118) 63 (60)

334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 186 (186) 107 (107) 126 (126) 72 (72)

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 211 (211) 107 (107) 133 (133) 72 (72)

1 Current source has an absolute accuracy of ± 5%. 2 Refers to source lead resistance. Sense lead resistance is

limited only by noise considerations. For best results, it is suggested that it be limited to 1.5kΩ.

3 Offset compensation voltage plus source current times

measured resistance must be less than source current

times resistance range selected. 4 For 2-wire mode. 5 Specifications are for 10 power line cycles, 10-reading

repeat digital filter, synchronous autozero, autorange off,

4-wire mode, offset compensation on (for 20Ω to 20kΩ

ranges), except as noted.

CAL ±1°C, following 4-hour warm-up. TCAL is ambient

6 For T

temperature at calibration (23°C at the factory).

CAL ±5°C, following 4-hour warm-up.

7 For T 8 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero

refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function)

once every 24 hours.

CAL ±5°C, normal autozero. 1-year and 2-year accuracy

9 For T

can be found by applying the same speed accuracy ppm

changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.

10 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, digital filter off,

internal trigger, normal autozero, display off, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.

11 Ohms measurements at rates lower than 1 power line

cycle are subject to potential noise pickup. Care must be taken to provide adequate shielding.

12 Typical values. Peak-to-peak noise equals 6 times rms

noise.

13 Current source is paralleled with a 10MΩ resistance. 14 Specifications apply for 20-reading repeat digital filter,

REF ± 0.5°C (TREF is the initial ambient temperature), and

T for measurements within 10% of the initial measurement value and within 10 minutes of the initial measurement time.

15 Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, normal autozero,

digital filter off, autorange off, 4-wire mode, offset compensation off, except as noted.

16 Using Internal Buffer.

DC Amps

DCI Input Characteristics and Accuracy

Range Scale Resolution Voltage

Full Burden ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C

200 µA 210.00000 10 pA 0.25 V 50 + 6 275 + 25 350 + 25 500 + 25 50 + 5

2 mA 2.1000000 100 pA 0.3 V 50 + 5 275 + 20 350 + 20 500 + 20 50 + 5

20 mA 21.000000 1 nA 0.35 V 50 + 5 275 + 20 350 + 20 500 + 20 50 + 5

200 mA 210.00000 10 nA 0.35 V 75 + 5 300 + 20 375 + 20 525 + 20 50 + 5

2 A 2.1000000 100 nA 1.1 V 350 + 5 600 + 20 750 + 20 1000 + 20 50 + 5

DC Current Uncertainty = ± [ (ppm reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) × (range used) ] / 1,000,000.

% Accuracy = (ppm accuracy) / 10,000.

5ppm of Range = 10 counts at 6½ digits.

Maximum Relative Accuracy

24 Hours290 Days31 Year

2 Years

Temperature Coefficient

Outside TCAL ±5°C

Specifications A-9

DC Amps (cont’d)

DCI Reading Rates

PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 7½ 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.7) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6)

Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 7½ 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4) 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 6½ 56 (48) 47 (40) 55 (45) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 6½ 222 (197) 157 (140) 209 (186) 150 (133) 156 (139) 113 (100)

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 5½ 334 (321) 178 (171) 310 (298) 168 (161) 186 (178) 124 (119)

0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5½ 334 (334) 184 (184) 310 (310) 174 (174) 187 (187) 127 (127)

0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 387 (387) 186 (186) 355 (355) 176 (176) 202 (202) 128 (128)

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4½ 2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)

0.01

4,5

Readings/Second with

Time Stamp to IEEE-488

Speed and Accuracy 90 Days

±(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise

ACCURACY

1PLC

Range 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off

200 µA 275+25+0 275+25+0.5 300+25+50 300+200+80

2 mA 275+20+0 275+20+0.5 300+20+50 300+200+80

20 mA 275+20+0 275+20+0.5 300+20+50 300+200+80

200 mA 300+20+0 300+20+0.5 325+20+50 325+200+80

2 A 600+20+0 600+20+0.5 625+20+50 625+200+80

PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.

Settling Characteristics <500µs to 50ppm of step

Maximum Allowable Input 2.1A, 250V.

Overload Protection 2A fuse (250V), accessible

DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC 0.01PLC

size. Reading settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.

from front (for front input) and rear (for rear input).

Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of

range, down at 10% of range.

1,8

DC Amps Notes

1 Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, autozero on, 10-reading repeat digital filter.

CAL ± 1°C, following 55-minute warm-up. TCAL is ambient temperature at calibration

2 For T

(23°C at the factory).

CAL ± 5°C, following 55-minute warm-up.

3 For T 4 Typical values. Peak-to-peak noise equals 6 times rms noise. 5 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, internal trigger, digital filter off, normal autozero,

display off, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.

6 Actual maximum burden voltage = (maximum burden voltage) × (I 7 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero refresh (by changing resolution

or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

8 For T

CAL ±5°C, normal autozero. 1-year and 2-year accuracy can be found by applying the

same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.

9 Using Internal Buffer.

DC In-Circuit Current

Measurement Range Chart

10Ω

1Ω

100mΩ

Specified

Measurement Range

10mΩ

1mΩ

Trace Resistance

1mA 10mA 100mA 1A 10A 100A100µA

Measured Current

The DC in-circuit current measurement function allows a user to measure the current through a wire or a circuit board trace without breaking the circuit.

When the In-Circuit Current Measurement function is selected, the 2002 will first perform a 4wire resistance measurement, then a voltage measurement, and will display the calculated current.

TYPICAL RANGES

Trace Resistance 1mΩ to 10Ω.

Keithley Factory Calibration Uncertainty

)

Factory calibration uncertainty represents traceability to NIST. This uncertainty is added to relative accuracy specifications to obtain absolute accuracies. The uncertainties for each range are equal to the uncertainty of the respective calibration sources.

Current 100µA to 12A.

Voltage ±200mV max. across trace.

Speed 4 measurements/second at 1 power line cycle.

Accuracy ±(5% + 500µA). For 1 power line cycle, autozero on, 10-

reading digital filter, T

Range ppm of reading

200 µA43

2mA 40

20 mA 55

200 mA 162

2 A 129

MEASURED/I FULL SCALE).

CAL ±5°C, 90 days, 1 year or 2 years.

A-10 Specifications

AC Amps

AC magnitude: rms or Average.

ACI Input Characteristics

rms Peak Full Scale Burden ±(% of reading + % of range)/°C

Range Input rms Resolution Voltage

200 µA 1 mA 210.0000 100 pA 0.35 V 0.01 + 0.001

2 mA 10 mA 2.100000 1 nA 0.45 V 0.01 + 0.001

Maximum Coefficient

20 mA 100 mA 21.00000 10 nA 0.5 V 0.01 + 0.001

200 mA 1 A 210.0000 100 nA 0.5 V 0.01 + 0.001

2 A 2 A 2.100000 1 µA 1.5 V 0.01 + 0.001

1,2

ACI Accuracy

90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, TCAL ±5°C, for 5% to 100% of range, ±(% of reading + % of range)

Range 20Hz–50Hz 50Hz–200Hz 200Hz–1kHz 1kHz–10kHz 10kHz–30kHz

200 µA 0.35 + 0.015 0.2 + 0.015 0.4 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015

2 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.25 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015

20 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.25 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015

200 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015 1 + 0.015 3 + 0.015

2 A 0.35 + 0.015 0.2 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.45 + 0.015 1.5 + 0.015 4 + 0.015

AC Current Uncertainty = ±[ (% of reading) × (measured value) + (% of range) × (range used) ] / 100.

ppm Accuracy = (% accuracy) × 10,000.

0.015% of Range = 30 counts at 5½ digits.

ACI Reading Rates

3,4

Measurement Default Readings/Second to Memory Readings/Second to IEEE-488

PLC Aperture Bits Digits Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On Autozero Off Autozero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 29 6

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 27 5 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 26 5

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 23 5

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 22 5

0.02 334 µs (400 µs) 20 5

0.01 167 µs (167 µs) 19 4

0.01

167 µs (167 µs) 19 4

⁄2 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.7) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6) 6 ( 5 ) 2 (1.6)

⁄2 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 28 (23) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4)

⁄2 56 (48) 47 (40) 53 (43) 44 (36) 47 (38) 40 (33)

⁄2 163 (145) 102 (91) 139 (124) 100 (89) 95 (84) 74 (66)

⁄2 163 (156) 104 (100) 139 (133) 101 (97) 95 (91) 75 (72)

⁄2 163 (163) 107 (107) 139 (139) 103 (103) 95 (95) 76 (76)

⁄2 384 (384) 110 (110) 253 (253) 103 (103) 164 (164) 76 (76)

⁄2 2000(2000) 2000(2000)

Temperature

Outside TCAL ±5°C

30kHz–50kHz350kHz–100kHz

Readings/Second with

Time Stamp to IEEE-488

AC Coupling

For AC only coupling, add the following % of reading:

20–50Hz 50–100Hz 100–200Hz

rms, Average 0.55 0.09 0.015

AC+DC Coupling

For DC>20% of AC rms voltage, apply the following additional uncertainty, multiplied by the ratio (DC/total rms).

% of Reading % of Range

rms, Average 0.05 0.1

AC Amps Notes

1 Specifications apply for sinewave input, AC+DC coupling, 1

power line cycle, autozero on, digital filter off, following 55minute warm-up.

2 Add 0.005% of range uncertainty for current above 0.5A

rms for self-heating. 3 Typical values. 4 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, digital filter off,

normal autozero, display off, internal trigger, SREAL

High Crest Factor Additional Error ±(% of reading)

Applies to rms measurements.

Crest Factor 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 5

Additional Error 0 0.1 0.2 0.4

Average ACI Measurement

rms specifications apply for 10% to 100% of range.

Settling Characteristics <300ms to 1% of step change

Autoranging Autoranges up at 105% of range,

format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz.

5 Actual maximum burden voltage = (maximum burden

voltage) × (I

MEASURED/IFULL SCALE).

6 In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires autozero

refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

7 Using Internal Buffer.

<450ms to 0.1% of step change <500ms to 0.01% of step change

down at 10% of range.

Specifications A-11

Frequency Counter

Frequency/Period Input Characteristics and Accuracy 90 Days, 1 Year, or 2 Years

Frequency Period Minimum Signal Level

Range

Range Resolution 1Hz–1MHz 1–5MHz 5–15MHz Input Level ±(% of reading)

AC Voltage Input 1Hz–15 MHz 67 ns – 1 s 5 digits 60 mV 60 mV 350 mV 1100 V pk AC Current Input 1Hz– 1 MHz 1 µs – 1 s 5 digits 150 µA 1 A pk 0–600mA 0.03

Time Base 7.68MHz ± 0.01%, 0°C to 55°C.

Reading Time 420ms maximum.

Voltage Input Impedance 1MΩ ± 2% with <140pF. Trigger Level Adjustment Trigger level is adjustable in 0.5% of range steps to ±60% of

range in real-time using the up and down range buttons.

Frequency Notes

1 Subject to 2 × 10 2 Valid for the lowest range. For each range increase,

multiply these numbers by 10.

Frequency Ranging Autoranging from Hz to MHz.

Frequency Coupling AC + DC or AC only.

Maximum Trigger Accuracy

0–600V 0.03

V·Hz product (for inputs above 20V).

Temperature (RTD)

Range Resolution 24 Hours290 Days31 Year32 Years

4-Wire Accuracy

–100° to +100°C 0.001°C ±0.016°C ±0.020°C ±0.021°C ±0.022°C –200° to +630°C 0.001°C ±0.061°C ±0.066°C ±0.068°C ±0.070°C –148° to +212°F 0.001°F ±0.029°F ±0.036°F ±0.038°F ±0.040°F –328° to +1166°F 0.001°F ±0.110°F ±0.119°F ±0.122°F ±0.126°F

RTD Type 100Ω platinum, DIN 43760, 4-wire. ITS-90 (PT100, D100, F100)

and IPTS-68 (PT385, PT3916).

Sensor Current 960µA (pulsed).

Temperature Coefficient ± 0.001°C/°C or ± 0.002°F/°C outside T

Maximum Source

HI Lead Resistance 200Ω.

Maximum Source

LO Lead Resistance 100Ω.

CAL ±5°C.

RTD Temperature Reading Rates 1 (2- or 4-Wire)

Readings or Readings with

Time Stamp/Second

to Memory or IEEE-488

PLC Autozero Off Autozero On

10 3 (2.5) 1 (0.8)

2 12 (10) 4 (3.3) 1 20 (16) 17 (13)

0.1 51 (49) 41 (39)

0.01 58 (58) 46 (46)

Temperature (Thermocouple)

Thermo-

couple

Type Range Resolution Accuracy

J –200° to + 760°C 0.001°C ±0.5°C

K –200° to +1372°C 0.001°C ±0.5°C

T –200° to + 400°C 0.001°C ±0.5°C E –200° to +1000°C 0.001°C ±0.6°C

R0° to +1768°C 0.001°C ±3 °C

S0° to +1768°C 0.001°C ±3 °C

B +350° to +1820°C 0.001°C ±5 °C

Temperature Notes

1 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, digital filter off,

display off, normal autozero, internal trigger, SREAL format. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Rates for 400Hz equal those for 50Hz. Typical values.

CAL ± 1°C, following 4-hour warm-up.

2 For T

CAL ± 5°C, following 4-hour warm-up.

3 For T

TC Temperature Reading Rates

PLC Off On Off On Off On

10 6 (5) 2 (1.7) 6 (5) 2 (1.6) 6 (5) 2 (1.6)

2 29 (25) 9 (7.6) 29 (24) 9 (7.4) 27 (22) 9 (7.4) 1 57 (48) 47 (40) 56 (46) 46 (38) 50 (41) 42 (34)

0.1 131 (126) 107 (103) 100 (96) 84 (81) 83 (80) 72 (69)

0.01 168 (168) 112 (112) 121 (121) 89 (89) 96 (96) 74 (74)

Readings/Second Readings/Second with Time Stamp

to Memory to IEEE-488

Autozero Autozero Autozero

Readings/Second

4 Relative to external 0°C reference junction; exclusive of

thermocouple errors. Junction temperature may be

to IEEE-488

external. Applies for 90 days, 1 year or 2 years, T

CAL ±5°C.

5 Specifications are for 10 power line cycles, autozero on,

10 reading repeat digital filter, 4-wire mode. Exclusive of RTD probe errors.

6 Using Internal Buffer.

A-12 Specifications

Operating Speed

Function Change Speed

Typical delay before measurement initiation after making a function change.

From To

Function Function Range Time

Any except 4WΩ, Temp DCV Any 4.6 ms 4WΩ, Temp Any 7.6 ms

Any ACV Any 574 ms ACV, DCV, 2WΩ, Freq DCI Any 7.1 ms

4WΩ, Temp Any 10 ms ACI Any 22 ms

Any ACI Any 523 ms Any except 4WΩ, Temp 2WΩ 20Ω to 2kΩ 4.7 ms

4WΩ, Temp 2WΩ 20Ω to 2kΩ 7.7 ms

Any 4WΩ 20Ω to 2kΩ 7.7 ms

Any except ACV, ACI Freq ACV, ACI Any 573 ms

Any Temp Any 7.6 ms

20kΩ 15 ms

200kΩ 27 ms

2MΩ 103 ms

20MΩ 153 ms

200MΩ, 1GΩ 253 ms

20kΩ 18 ms

200kΩ 30 ms

2MΩ 105 ms

20MΩ 157 ms

200MΩ, 1GΩ 256 ms

20kΩ 18 ms

200kΩ 30 ms

2MΩ 105 ms

Any 60 ms

Range Change Speed

Typical delay before measurement initiation after making a range change.

Function From To Time

DCV Any Any 5.2 ms ACV Any Any 559 ms

DCI Any Any 7.6 ms ACI Any Any 503 ms 2WΩ Any 20Ω to 2kΩ 5.2 ms

4WΩ Any 20Ω to 2kΩ 5.2 ms

Any 20kΩ 15 ms Any 200kΩ 27 ms Any 2MΩ 103 ms Any 20MΩ 153 ms

Any 200MΩ, 1GΩ 253 ms

Any 20kΩ 15 ms Any 200kΩ 27 ms Any 2MΩ 103 ms

Trigger Speed (External Trigger or Trigger-Link)

Trigger Latency: < 2 µs 1.2 ms typical Trigger Jitter: ± 0.5 µs

GPIB Data Formatting Transmission Time

Format Time Rdg./s Time Rdg./s

DREAL (Double precision real) 0.51 ms 1961 3.1 ms 323

SREAL (Single precision real) 0.38 ms 2632 3.3 ms 303

ASCII 6.2 ms 161 10.2 ms 98

Autozero Off Autozero On

Readings Readings with

Only Time Stamp

Single Function Scan Speed3 (Internal Scanner)

2WΩ 4WΩ RTD Temp

DCV (20V) (2k

Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate

TYPE Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second)

Ratio or Delta (2 channels) 8.2 ms 122 8.5 ms 118 18.8 ms 53

Fast Scan (using solid state channels) 8.2 ms 122 6.3 ms 159 501 ms 2 559 ms 1.8 12.8 ms 78

Normal Scan 14 ms 71 11.4 ms 88 14.4 ms 69 506 ms 2 564 ms 1.8 17.2 ms 58 43 ms 23

Operating Speed Notes

per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./

1 For display off, 0.01 power line cycles, autorange off,

digital filter off, autozero on, offset compensation off. Display on may impact time by 3% worst case. To eliminate this impact, press ENTER (hold) to freeze display.

2 Using 386/33 computer, average time for 1000 readings,

byte order swapped, display off.

Ω)(2kΩ) ACV Freq TC Temp (2-Wire)

3 For on-scale readings, no trigger delays, display off, 0.01

power line cycles, autorange off, digital filter off, offset compensation off, autozero off.

4 Ratio and delta functions output one value for each pair

of measurements.

5 Based on 100kHz input frequency.

Specifications A-13

Maximum Input Levels

Rated Recovery

Input

HI to LO ±1100V < 900 ms HI Sense to LO ± 350V pk 250V rms < 900 ms LO Sense to LO ± 150V pk 100V rms < 900 ms I Input to LO 2A, ± 250V (fused) — HI to Earth ±1600V < 900 ms LO to Earth ± 500V

Note 1: For voltages between other terminals, these ratings can be added.

Overload

Time

IEEE-488 Bus Implementation

Implementation IEEE-488.2, SCPI-1991.0.

Multiline Commands DCL, LLO, SDC, GET, GTL,

Uniline Commands IFC, REN, EOI, SRQ, ATN.

Interface Commands SH1, AH1, T5, TE0, L4, LE0,

UNT, UNL, SPE, SPD.

SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, C0, E1.

Digital I/O

Connector Type 8 pin “D” subminiature.

Input One pin, TTL compatible.

Outputs Four pins. Open collector,

Control Direct control by output or

30V maximum pull-up voltage, 100mA maximum sink current, 10Ω output impedance.

set real-time with limits.

Delay and Timer

Time Stamp Resolution: 1µs.

Delay Time (Trigger edge to reading initiation)

Timer (Reading initiation to reading initiation)

Accuracy: ±0.01% of elapsed time ± 1µs. Maximum: 2,100,000.000000 seconds (24 days, 7 hours).

Maximum: 999,999.999 seconds (11 days, 14 hours). Resolution: 1ms. Jitter: ±1ms.

General Specifications and Standards Compliance

Power Voltage: 90–134V and 180–250V, universal self-selecting.

Environmental Operating Temperature: 0°C to 50°C.

Calibration Type: Software. No manual adjustments required.

Process MIL-STD 45662A.

Physical Case Dimensions: 90mm high × 214mm wide × 369mm deep

Standards EMI/RFI: Conforms to VDE 0871B (per Vfg 1046/1984), IEC

Accessories Supplied The unit is shipped with line cord, high performance modular

Frequency: 50Hz, 60Hz, or 400Hz, self-identifying at power-

up.

Consumption: <55VA.

Storage Temperature: –40°C to 70°C. Humidity: 80% R.H., 0°C to 35°C, per MIL-T-28800E

4.5.5.1.2.

Sources: 2 DC voltages, 6 resistances, and 5 DC currents. All other functions calibrated (adjusted) from these sources and a short circuit. No AC calibrator required for adjustment.

Average Time to Perform: 40 minutes for comprehensive calibration, 6 minutes for AC-only calibration.

(3½ in. × 8½ in. × 14½ in.). Working Dimensions: From front of case to rear including

power cord and IEEE-488 connector: 15.0 inches.

Net Weight: <4.2kg (<9.2 lbs.). Shipping Weight: <9.1kg (<20 lbs.).

801-2. Meets FCC part 15 Class B, CISPR-22 (EN55022). Safety: Conforms to IEC348, CAN/CSA-C22.2. No. 231, MIL-

T-28800E

test leads, operator’s manual, option slot cover, and full calibration data.

. Designed to UL1244.

Para

Note 1 For MIL-T-28800E, applies to Type III, Class 5, Style E.

Extended Memory/Non-Volatile Memory Options

DATA STORAGE

Model (Bytes) 4½-Digit Time Stamp Type Number Type

Size with Setup Storage

2002 8k 2,027 404 volatile 1 non-volatile 2002/MEM1 32k 6,909 1,381 non-volatile 5 non-volatile 2002/MEM2 128k 29,908 5,980 non-volatile 10 non-volatile

These are the minimum sizes to expect.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

6½-Digit

A-14 Specifications

Calibration Programs

B.1 Introduction

This appendix includes programs written in BASIC and Turbo C to aid you in calibrating the Model 2002. Refer to Section 2 for more details on calibration procedures.

B.2 Computer hardware requirements

The following computer hardware is required to run the example calibration programs:

• IBM PC, AT, or compatible computer.

• Keithley KPC-488.2, KPS-488.2, or KPC-488.2AT, or CEC PC-488 IEEE-488 interface for the computer.

• Two shielded IEEE-488 connecting cables (Keithley Model 7007).

B.3 BASIC program requirements

In order to use the BASIC programs, you will need the following software:

• Microsoft QBasic (supplied with MS-DOS 5.0 or later). QuickBASIC (version 4.5 or later) or Visual BASIC for MS-DOS may also be used.

• MS-DOS version 5.0 or later (version 3.3 or later may be used if not using QBasic).

• HP-style Universal Language Driver, CECHP.EXE (supplied with Keithley and CEC interface cards listed above).

B.4 Turbo C program requirements

In order to use the Turbo C programs, you will need the following software:

• MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.3 or later.

• Borland Turbo C version 2.0 or later. (Other ANSIcompatible C compilers can also be used, but some program modiﬁcations may be necessary.)

• HP-style Universal Language Driver, CECHP.EXE (supplied with the Keithley and CEC interface cards listed above).

B.5 Calibration equipment

Table B-1 summarizes recommended comprehensive calibration equipment, and Table B-2 summarizes test equipment required for low-level calibration.

B-1

Calibration Programs

Table B-1

Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration

Mfg. Model Description Speciﬁcations*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncer-

tainty.

DC Voltage: 2V: ±7ppm 20V: ±5ppm

Resistance: 19Ω: ±26ppm 190Ω: ±17ppm

1.9kΩ: ±11ppm 19kΩ: ±11ppm 100kΩ: ±13ppm 1MΩ: ±18ppm

DC Current: 200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm

Keithley 8610 Low-thermal

shorting plug

* 90-day calibrator speciﬁcations shown include total uncertainty at speciﬁed output.

Table B-2

Recommended equipment for low-level calibration

Mfg. Model Description Speciﬁcations*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

DC Voltage: ±2V: ±7ppm +20V: ±5ppm +100V: ±7ppm

Resistance: 19Ω: ±26ppm 190Ω: ±17ppm

1.9kΩ: ±11ppm 19kΩ: ±11ppm 100kΩ: ±13ppm 1MΩ: ±18ppm

DC Current: 200µA: ±100ppm 2mA: ±55ppm 20mA: ±55ppm 200mA: ±65ppm 1A: ±110ppm

AC Voltage:

0.5mV @ 1kHz: ±10000ppm

5mV @ 100kHz:

±2400ppm

200mV @ 1kHz:

±150ppm

1.5V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm

20V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 30kHz: ±140ppm 200V @ 1kHz: ±85ppm 200V @ 30kHz: ±240ppm

B-2

AC Current: 20mA @ 1kHz: ±160ppm

Keithley 3930A

Synthesizer 2V rms @ 1Hz

or 3940

Keithley 8610 Low-thermal

shorting plug

* 90-day calibrator speciﬁcations shown include total uncertainty at speciﬁed output.

Calibration Programs

Figure B-1

Low-thermal short connections

2002 MULTIMETER

Model 2002

S+ HI

LOS-

Model 8610 Low-thermal short

Note: Connect low-thermal short to rear

panel input jacks and select rear inputs only for low-level calibration step #11.

B.6 General program instructions

1. With the power off, connect the Model 2002 and the calibrator to the IEEE-488 interface of the computer. Be sure to use shielded IEEE-488 cables for bus connections.

2. Turn on the computer, the Model 2002, and the calibrator. Allow the Model 2002 to warm up for at least four hours before performing calibration.

3. Make sure the Model 2002 is set for a primary address of 16. You can check or change the address as follows:

A. Press MENU, select GPIB, then press ENTER. B. Select MODE, then press ENTER. C. Select ADDRESSABLE, and press ENTER. D. If the address is set correctly, press EXIT as neces-

sary to return to normal display.

E. To change the address, use the cursor keys to set the

address to 16, then press ENTER. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

4. Make sure the calibrator primary address is at its factory default setting of 4.

5. Make sure that the computer IEEE-488 bus driver software (CECHP.EXE) is properly initialized.

6. Enter the BASIC or Turbo C editor, and type in the desired program. Check thoroughly for errors, then save the program using a convenient ﬁlename.

7. Compile and/or run the program, and follow the prompts on the screen to perform calibration.

B.8 Comprehensive calibration

Programs B-1 and B-2 will perform comprehensive calibration almost fully automatically using the Fluke 5700A Calibrator. Figure B-1 shows low-thermal short connections, while Figure B-2 shows calibrator connections.

B.9 Low-level calibration

Programs B-3 and B-4 perform low-level calibration using the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Refer to Figure B-1 and B-3 for low-thermal short and calibrator voltage connections. Figure B-4 shows calibrator current connections. Figure B-5 shows synthesizer connections necessary to supply the 2V AC 1Hz signal.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is not normally required in the ﬁeld unless the Model 2002 has been repaired.

B.7 Unlocking calibration

In order to unlock comprehensive calibration, brieﬂy press in on the CAL switch with the power turned on. To unlock lowlevel calibration, press in and hold the CAL switch while turning on the power.

B-3

Calibration Programs

Model 2002

Sense HI

5700A Calibrator

Sense HI

Input HI

2002 MULTIMETER

Input LO

Sense LO

Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise.

Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure.

Figure B-2

Connections for comprehensive calibration

Input HI

Model 2002

2002 MULTIMETER

Input LO

Output HI

Output LO

Sense LO

5700A Calibrator

Output HI

Output LO

Figure B-3

Calibrator voltage connections

Model 2002

2002 MULTIMETER

Figure B-4

Calibrator current connections

Input LO

Amps

5700A Calibrator

Output HI

Output LO

Note: Be sure calibrator is set

for normal current output

B-4

Calibration Programs

Model 2002

2002 MULTIMETER

BNC-to-Dual Banana Plug

Adapter

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer

3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER

Figure B-5

Synthesizer connections

Program B-1 Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (BASIC Version)

' Model 2002 comprehensive calibration program for use with the ' Fluke 5700A calibrator. ' Rev. 1.2, 4/7/94 OPEN "IEEE" FOR OUTPUT AS #1 ' Open IEEE-488 output path. OPEN "IEEE" FOR INPUT AS #2 ' Open IEEE-488 input path. PRINT #1, "INTERM CRLF" ' Set input terminator. PRINT #1, "OUTTERM LF" ' Set output terminator. PRINT #1, "REMOTE 4 16" ' Put 2002, 5700A in remote. PRINT #1, "CLEAR" ' Send DCL. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES;*CLS" ' Initialize 2002. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESE 1;*SRE 32" ' Enable OPC and SRQ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;*RST;*CLS" ' Reset 5700A calibrator. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;CUR_POST NORMAL" ' Normal current output. C$ = ":CAL:PROT:" ' 2002 partial command header. ' CLS ' Clear CRT. PRINT "Model 2002 Multimeter Comprehensive Calibration Program" PRINT "This program controls the Fluke 5700A Calibrator." GOSUB CheckSwitch GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:INIT" ' Initiate calibration. RESTORE CmdList ' FOR I = 1 TO 16 ' Loop for all cal points. READ Msg$, Cmd$ ' Read message, cal strings. SELECT CASE I ' Select cal sequence.

CASE 1, 15

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT Msg$ GOSUB KeyCheck

CASE 2

PRINT "Connect calibrator to INPUT and SENSE jacks." PRINT "Wait 3 minutes." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE OFF" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"

CASE 3, 11 TO 14

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$

CASE 4 TO 9

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE ON" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OUT?"

Function

Output

B-5

Calibration Programs

PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, R, R$, S Cmd$ = Cmd$ + " " + STR$(R)

CASE 10

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT "Connect calibrator to AMPS and INPUT LO jacks." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"

CASE 16

C$ = ":CAL:"

END SELECT IF I <> 1 AND I <> 15 AND I <> 16 THEN GOSUB Settle PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;"; C$; Cmd$; ";*OPC" ' Send cal command to 2002. GOSUB CalEnd ' Wait until cal step ends. GOSUB ErrCheck ' Check for cal error. NEXT I ' LINE INPUT "Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:DATE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck LINE INPUT "Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:NDUE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:SAVE" ' Save calibration constants. GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:LOCK" ' Lock out calibration. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" ' Restore bench defaults. PRINT "Calibration completed." END ' KeyCheck: ' Check for key press routine. WHILE INKEY$ <> "": WEND ' Flush keyboard buffer. PRINT : PRINT "Press any key to continue (ESC to abort program)." DO: I$ = INKEY$: LOOP WHILE I$ = "" IF I$ = CHR$(27) THEN GOTO EndProg ' Abort if ESC is pressed. RETURN ' CalEnd: ' Check for cal step completion. PRINT "Performing calibration step #"; I DO: PRINT #1, "SRQ?" ' Request SRQ status. INPUT #2, S ' Input SRQ status byte. LOOP UNTIL S ' Wait for operation complete. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESR?" ' Clear OPC. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S PRINT #1, "SPOLL 16" ' Clear SRQ. INPUT #2, S RETURN ' ErrCheck: ' Error check routine. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:ERR?" ' Query error queue. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, E, Err$ IF E <> 0 THEN BEEP: PRINT : PRINT Err$ ' Display error. RETURN ' CheckSwitch: ' Check CAL switch status. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:SWIT?" PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S IF S = 1 THEN RETURN PRINT "Press CAL switch to unlock calibration." BEEP: PRINT #1, "LOCAL 16" GOSUB KeyCheck GOTO CheckSwitch '

PRINT Msg$

B-6

Settle: ' Calibrator settling routine. DO: PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;ISR?" ' Query status register. PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, S LOOP UNTIL (S AND &H1000) ' Test settle bit. RETURN ' EndProg: ' Close files, end program. BEEP: PRINT "Calibration aborted." PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" PRINT #1, "LOCAL 4 16" CLOSE END ' CmdList: DATA "Connect low-thermal short to inputs, wait 3 minutes.","DC:ZERO" DATA "OUT 2 V","DC:V2 2" DATA "OUT 20 V","DC:V20 20" DATA "OUT 1 MOHM","DC:OHM1M" DATA "OUT 100 KOHM","DC:OHM200K" DATA "OUT 19 KOHM","DC:OHM20K" DATA "OUT 1.9 KOHM","DC:OHM2K" DATA "OUT 190 OHM","DC:OHM200" DATA "OUT 19 OHM","DC:OHM20" DATA "OUT 200 UA","DC:A200U 200E-6" DATA "OUT 2 MA","DC:A2M 2E-3" DATA "OUT 20 MA","DC:A20M 20E-3" DATA "OUT 200 MA","DC:A200M 200E-3" DATA "OUT 1A","DC:A2 1" DATA "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT and SENSE jacks.","DC:OPEN" DATA "Performing AC calibration, please wait...","UNPR:ACC"

Calibration Programs

B-7

Calibration Programs

Program B-2 Comprehensive Calibration Program for Use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (C Version)

/* Model 2002 comprehensive calibration program for use with the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Rev. 1.2. 4/7/94 */

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <conio.h>

FILE *ieeein,*ieeeout; main()

{

static char *msg[] = {

"Performing AC calibration, please wait..." }; static char *cmd[] = {

":cal:prot:dc:zero",":cal:prot:dc:v2 2",

":cal:prot:dc:v20 20",":cal:prot:dc:ohm1m ",

":cal:prot:dc:ohm200k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm20k ",

":cal:prot:dc:ohm2k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm200 ",

":cal:prot:dc:ohm20 ",":cal:prot:dc:a200u 200e-6",

":cal:prot:dc:a2m 2e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a20m 20e-3",

":cal:prot:dc:a200m 200e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a2 1",

":cal:prot:dc:open",":cal:unpr:acc" }; void keypress(),errcheck(),chkswit(),settle(),endpgm(); char buf [100],date[10]; int i,j,calend();

if ((ieeein=fopen("IEEE","r"))==NULL) { /* Open input file. */

printf("Cannot open IEEE-488 bus I/O.\n");

exit(1); } ieeeout=fopen("IEEE","w"); /* Open output file. */ setbuf(ieeein,NULL); /* Turn off input buffering. */ setbuf(ieeeout,NULL); /* Turn off output buffering. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"interm crlf\n"); /* Set input terminator. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"outterm lf\n"); /* Set output terminator. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"remote 4 16\n"); /* Put 2002,5700A in remote. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"clear\n"); /* Send DCL. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres;*cls\n");/* Initialize 2002.*/ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*ese 1;*sre 32\n"); /* Enable OPC, SRQ.*/ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;*rst;*cls\n"); /* Reset 5700A. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;cur_post normal\n"); /* Current output */ clrscr(); /* Clear CRT. */

printf("Model 2002 Comprehensive Calibration Program.\n"); printf("This program controls the 5700A Calibrator.\n"); chkswit(); /* Check cal switch. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:init\n"); for(i=0;i<=15;i++) { /* Loop for cal points. */

switch(i) {

case 0: printf("%s\n",msg[i]);

keypress(); break;

case 1: printf("Connect calibrator to 2002.\n"

"Wait 3 minutes.\n"); keypress(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense off\n");

B-8

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n"); break;

case 2: fprintf (ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

break; case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense on\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;out?\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");

fgets(buf,100,ieeein);

j=0;

while (buf[j++] !=’,’);

buf[--j]=’\0’;

break; case 9: fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");

printf("Connect calibrator to AMPS and "

"INPUT LO jacks.\n");

keypress();

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");

break; case 10: case 11: case 12: case 13:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

break; case 14:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");

printf("%s\n",msg[i]);

keypress();

break; case 15:printf("%s\n",msg[i]);

break; } if (i!=0 && i!=14 && 1!=15) settle(); if (i>2 && i<9)

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s%s;*opc\n",cmd[i],buf); else fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s;*opc\n",cmd[i]); calend(i); errcheck();

} printf("Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:date %s\n",date); errcheck(); printf("Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:ndue %s\n",date); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:save\n"); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:lock\n"); printf("Calibration completed.\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); fclose(ieeein);

fclose(ieeeout); } void keypress() /* Wait for keypress. */ {

printf("\nPress any key to continue (ESC to abort).\n");

while(kbhit()==0);

if (getch()==27) endpgm();

Calibration Programs

B-9

Calibration Programs

} int calend(n) /* Check for cal end. */ int n; {

int stat; printf("Performing cal step #%d.\n",n+1); do {

fprintf(ieeeout,"srq?\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat);

}

while (stat==0); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*esr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); fprintf(ieeeout,"spoll 16\n");

} void errcheck() /* Check for error. */ {

} void chkswit() /* Check cal switch. */ {

} void settle() /* Calibrator settle. */ {

} void endpgm() /* End program. */ {

}

fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat);

char errbuf[100]; fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:err?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fgets(errbuf,100,ieeein); if (atoi(errbuf) !=0) printf("\n%s\n",errbuf);

int swit=0; while (swit==0){

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:swit?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&swit); if (swit==0){

printf("Press CAL switch to "

"unlock calibration.\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 16\n"); keypress();

}

int stat; do {

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;isr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");

fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); } while (!(stat & 0x1000));

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); printf("Calibration aborted.\n"); exit(1);

B-10

Program B-3 Low-level Calibration Program for Use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (BASIC Version)

' Model 2002 low-level calibration program for use only with the ' Fluke 5700A calibrator. ' Rev. 1.2, 4/7/94 OPEN "IEEE" FOR OUTPUT AS #1 ' Open IEEE-488 output path. OPEN "IEEE" FOR INPUT AS #2 ' Open IEEE-488 input path. PRINT #1, "INTERM CRLF" ' Set input terminator. PRINT #1, "OUTTERM LF" ' Set output terminator. PRINT #1, "REMOTE 4 16" ' Put 2002,5700A in remote. PRINT #1, "CLEAR" ' Send DCL. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES;*CLS" ' Initialize 2002. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESE 1;*SRE 32" ' Enable OPC and SRQ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;*RST;*CLS" ' Reset 5700A calibrator. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;CUR_POST NORMAL" ' Normal current output. C$ = ":CAL:PROT:" ' 2002 partial command header. ' CLS ' Clear CRT. PRINT "Model 2002 Multimeter Low-level Calibration Program." PRINT "This program controls the Fluke 5700A Calibrator." GOSUB CheckSwitch GOSUB KeyCheck RESTORE CmdList PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:INIT" ' Initiate calibration. ' FOR I = 1 TO 29 ' Loop for all cal points. READ Msg$, Cmd$ ' Read message, cal strings. IF I = 17 THEN C$ = ":CAL:PROT:" SELECT CASE I ' Select cal sequence.

CASE 1, 15, 29 PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT Msg$ GOSUB KeyCheck

CASE 2, 17

PRINT "Connect calibrator to INPUT and SENSE jacks." IF I = 2 THEN PRINT "Wait three minutes." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE OFF" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"

CASE 3, 11 TO 14, 18 TO 26

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"

CASE 4 TO 9

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;EXTSENSE ON" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OUT?" PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, R, R$, S Cmd$ = Cmd$ + " " + STR$(R)

CASE 10, 28

PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT "Connect calibrator to AMPS and INPUT LO jacks." IF I = 28 THEN PRINT "Select FRONT INPUT jacks." GOSUB KeyCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;"; Msg$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;OPER"

CASE 16

C$ = ":CAL:" PRINT Msg$

CASE 27

PRINT Msg$ PRINT "Select REAR INPUTS with FRONT/REAR switch." PRINT "Wait 3 minutes for thermal equilibrium." GOSUB KeyCheck

END SELECT

Calibration Programs

B-11

Calibration Programs

IF I <> 1 AND I <> 15 AND I <> 16 AND I <> 27 AND I <> 29 THEN GOSUB Settle PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;"; C$; Cmd$; ";*OPC" ' Send cal command to 2002. GOSUB CalEnd ' Wait until cal step ends. GOSUB ErrCheck ' Check for cal error. NEXT I ' LINE INPUT "Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:DATE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck LINE INPUT "Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "; D$ PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:NDUE "; D$ GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:SAVE" ' Save calibration constants. GOSUB ErrCheck PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:LOCK" ' Lock out calibration. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" ' Restore bench defaults. PRINT "Calibration completed." END ' KeyCheck: ' Check for key press routine. WHILE INKEY$ <> "": WEND ' Flush keyboard buffer. PRINT : PRINT "Press any key to continue (ESC to abort program)." DO: I$ = INKEY$: LOOP WHILE I$ = "" IF I$ = CHR$(27) THEN GOTO EndProg ' Abort if ESC is pressed. RETURN ' CalEnd: ' Check for cal step completion. PRINT "Performing calibration step #"; I DO: PRINT #1, "SRQ?" ' Request SRQ status. INPUT #2, S ' Input SRQ status byte. LOOP UNTIL S ' Loop until operation complete. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;*ESR?" ' Clear OPC. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S PRINT #1, "SPOLL 16" ' Clear SRQ. INPUT #2, S RETURN ' ErrCheck: ' Error check routine. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:ERR?" ' Query error queue. PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, E, Err$ IF E <> 0 THEN BEEP: PRINT : PRINT Err$ ' Display error. RETURN ' CheckSwitch: ' Check CAL switch status. PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?" PRINT #1, "ENTER 16" INPUT #2, S IF S = 1 THEN RETURN PRINT "Calibration is locked. To unlock calibration, hold in CAL" PRINT "switch while turning on power, then restart program." END ' Settle: ' Calibrator settling routine. DO: PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;ISR?" ' Query status register. PRINT #1, "ENTER 4" INPUT #2, S LOOP UNTIL (S AND &H1000) ' Test settle bit. RETURN ' EndProg: BEEP: PRINT "Calibration aborted." PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 4;STBY" PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 16;:SYST:PRES" PRINT #1, "LOCAL 4 16" CLOSE END

B-12

' CmdList: DATA "Connect low-thermal short to inputs, wait 3 minutes.","DC:ZERO" DATA "OUT 2 V","DC:V2 2" DATA "OUT 20 V","DC:V20 20" DATA "OUT 1 MOHM","DC:OHM1M" DATA "OUT 100 KOHM","DC:OHM200K" DATA "OUT 19 KOHM","DC:OHM20K" DATA "OUT 1.9 KOHM","DC:OHM2K" DATA "OUT 190 OHM","DC:OHM200" DATA "OUT 19 OHM","DC:OHM20" DATA "OUT 200 UA","DC:A200U 200E-6" DATA "OUT 2 MA","DC:A2M 2E-3" DATA "OUT 20 MA","DC:A20M 20E-3" DATA "OUT 200 MA","DC:A200M 200E-3" DATA "OUT 1A","DC:A2 1" DATA "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT and SENSE jacks.","DC:OPEN" DATA "Performing AC calibration, please wait...","UNPR:ACC" DATA "OUT 20 V,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 1" DATA "OUT 20 V,30 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 2" DATA "OUT 200 V,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 3" DATA "OUT 200 V,30 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 4" DATA "OUT 1.5 V,1KHZ","LLEV:STEP 5" DATA "OUT 0.2 V,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 6" DATA "OUT 5 MV,100KHZ","LLEV:STEP 7" DATA "OUT 0.5 MV,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 8" DATA "OUT 100 V,0 HZ","LLEV:STEP 9" DATA "OUT -20 V,0 HZ","LLEV:STEP 10" DATA "Connect low-thermal short to rear panel INPUT jacks.","LLEV:STEP 11" DATA "OUT 20 MA,1 KHZ","LLEV:STEP 12" DATA "Apply 2V rms @ 1Hz from synthesizer to INPUT jacks","LLEV:STEP 13"

Calibration Programs

B-13

Calibration Programs

Program B-4 Low-level Calibration Program for Use with Fluke 5700A Calibrator (C Version)

/* Model 2002 low-level calibration program for use with the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Rev. 1.2, 4/7/94 */

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <conio.h>

FILE *ieeein,*ieeeout; main()

{

static char *msg[] = {

"Connect low-thermal short, wait 3 minutes", "out 2 v","out 20 v","out 1 mohm","out 100 kohm", "out 19kohm","out 1.9 kohm","out 190 ohm", "out 19 ohm","out 200 ua","out 2 ma","out 20 ma", "out 200 ma","out 1a", "Disconnect calibrator from INPUT jacks", "Performing AC calibration, please wait...", "out 20 v,1 khz","out 20 v,30 khz","out 200 v,1 khz", "out 200 v,30 khz","out 1.5v,1 khz","out 0.2 v,1 khz", "out 5 mv,100 khz","out 0.5 mv,1 khz","out 100 v,0 hz", "out -20v,0 hz", "Connect low-thermal short to rear INPUT jacks.", "out 20 ma,1 khz",

"Apply 2V rms @ 1Hz from synthesizer to INPUT jacks." }; static char *cmd[] = {

":cal:prot:dc:zero",":cal:prot:dc:v2 2",

":cal:prot:dc:v20 20",":cal:prot:dc:ohm1m ",

":cal:prot:dc:ohm200k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm20k ",

":cal:prot:dc:ohm2k ",":cal:prot:dc:ohm200 ",

":cal:prot:dc:ohm20 ",":cal:prot:dc:a200u 200e-6",

":cal:prot:dc:a2m 2e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a20m 20e-3",

":cal:prot:dc:a200m 200e-3",":cal:prot:dc:a2 1",

":cal:prot:dc:open",":cal:unpr:acc",

":cal:prot:llev:step 1",":cal:prot:llev:step 2",

":cal:prot:llev:step 3",":cal:prot:llev:step 4",

":cal:prot:llev:step 5",":cal:prot:llev:step 6",

":cal:prot:llev:step 7",":cal:prot:llev:step 8",

":cal:prot:llev:step 9",":cal:prot:llev:step 10",

":cal:prot:llev:step 11",":cal:prot:llev:step 12",

":cal:prot:llev:step 13" };

void keypress(),errcheck(),chkswit(),settle(),endpgm(); char buf [100],date[10]; int i,j,calend();

if ((ieeein=fopen("IEEE","r"))==NULL) { /* Open input file. */

printf("Cannot open IEEE-488 bus I/O.\n");

B-14

clrscr(); /* Clear CRT. */ printf(“Model 2002 Calibration Program.\n"); printf(“This program controls the 5700A Calibrator.\n"); chkswit(); /* Check cal switch. */ fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;;cal:prot:init\n"); for(i=0;i<=28;i++) { /* Loop for cal points. */

switch(i) { case 0: case 14: case 28:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");

printf("%s\n",msg[i]); keypress();

break; case 1: case 16:printf("Connect calibrator to INPUT jacks.\n"); if (i==1) printf("Wait 3 minutes.\n");

keypress();

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense off\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");

break; case 2: case 10: case 11: case 12: case 13: case 17: case 18: case 19: case 20: case 21: case 22: case 23: case 24: case 25:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");

break; case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]);

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;extsense on\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;out?\n");

fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");

fgets(buf,100,ieeein);

j=0;

while (buf[j++] !=',');

buf[--j]=’\0’;

break; case 9: case 27:fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n");

printf(“Connect calibrator to AMPS and “

"INPUT LO jacks.\n"); if (i==27) printf(“Select FRONT INPUTS\n"); keypress(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;%s\n",msg[i]); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;oper\n"); break;

case 15:printf("%s\n",msg[i]);

break;

case 26:printf("%s\n",msg[i]);

printf("Select REAR INPUT jacks with "

"FRONT/REAR switch.\n"

"Wait 3 minutes for thermal “

"equilibrium\n");

Calibration Programs

B-15

Calibration Programs

keypress();

break; } if (i!=0 && i!=14 && i!=15 && i!=26 && i!=28) settle(); if (i>2 && i<9)

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s%s;*opc\n",cmd[i],buf); else fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;%s;*opc\n",cmd[i]); calend(i); errcheck();

} printf("Enter calibration date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:date %s\n",date); errcheck(); printf("Enter calibration due date (yyyy,mm,dd): "); gets(date); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:ndue %s\n",date); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:save\n"); errcheck(); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:lock\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:pres\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); printf("Calibration completed.\n"); fclose(ieeein);

fclose(ieeeout); } void keypress() /* Wait for keypress. */ {

printf("\nPress any key to continue (ESC to abort).\n");

while(kbhit()==0);

if (getch()==27) endpgm(); } int calend(n) /* Check for cal end. */ int n; {

int stat;

printf("Performing calibration step #%d.\n",n+1);

do {

fprintf(ieeeout,"srq?\n");

fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); } while (stat==0); fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;*esr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); fprintf(ieeeout,"spoll 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat);

} void errcheck() /* Check for error. */ {

char errbuf[100]; fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:syst:err?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fgets(errbuf,100,ieeein); if (atoi(errbuf) !=0) printf("\n%s\n",errbuf);

} void chkswit() /* Check cal switch. */ {

int swit; fprintf(ieeeout,"output 16;:cal:prot:llev:swit?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 16\n"); fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&swit); if (swit==0){

printf("Calibration is locked.\n"

"To unlock, hold in CAL while turning on " "power, then restart program.\n");

exit (1);

B-16

} } void settle() /* Calibrator settle. */ {

int stat;

do {

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;isr?\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"enter 4\n");

fscanf(ieeein,"%d",&stat); } while (!(stat & 0x1000));

} void endpgm() /* End program. */ {

fprintf(ieeeout,"output 4;stby\n"); printf("Calibration aborted.\n"); fprintf(ieeeout,"local 4 16\n"); exit(1);

}

Calibration Programs

B-17

Keithley 2002 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Environmental conditions

1.3 Warm-up period

1.4 Line power

1.5 Recommended test equipment

1.7 Restoring default conditions

Calibration

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Environmental conditions

2.3 Warm-up period

2.4 Line power

2.5 Calibration lock

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands

2.7 Calibration errors

2.8 Comprehensive calibration

2.9 AC self-calibration

2.10 Low-level calibration

2.11 Single-point calibration

Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Commands

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected Subsystem

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem

3.5 Bus error reporting

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion

B.1 Introduction

B.2 Computer hardware requirements

B.3 BASIC program requirements

B.4 Turbo C program requirements

B.5 Calibration equipment

B.6 General program instructions

B.8 Comprehensive calibration

B.9 Low-level calibration

B.7 Unlocking calibration