Keithley 2001-TSCAN Service and user manual

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Model 2001-TCSCAN

Scanner Card

Instruction Manual

Contains Operating and Servicing Information

Model 2001-TCSCAN

Instruction Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Second Printing, January 1997

Document Number: 2001-TCSC-901-01 Rev. B

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2001-TCSC-901-01).................................................................... March 1993

Addendum A (Document Number 2001-TCSC-901-02) .......................................................November 1995

Revision B (Document Number 2001-TCSC-901-01) ................................................................. January 1997

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualiﬁed personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully before using the product.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its speciﬁcations and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product

to keep it operating, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that users are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be

exposed.

As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are Installation Category II. All other instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test ﬁxtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit bef ore measuring.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its speciﬁcations and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as deﬁned in the speciﬁcations and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test ﬁxture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against ﬁre hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test ﬁxture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Alw ays read the associated infor mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and ﬁre, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments ofﬁce for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Rev. 2/99

2001-TCSCAN THERMOCOUPLE /GENERAL PURPOSE SCANNER CARD

SPECIFICA TIONS

Thermocouple Accuracy

Total Absolute Error

1 Year

Thermocouple Default 0°–18°C &

Type Range Resolution 18°–28°C28°–50°C

J –100 to 760°C 0.1°C ±0.65°C ±1.08°C K –100 to 1372°C 0.1°C ±0.70 °C ±1.32°C T –100 to 400°C 0.1°C ±0.68°C ±1.22°C E –100 to 1000°C 0.1°C ±0.67°C ±1.11°C R 0 to 1768°C 1.0°C ±1.31°C ±3.06°C S 0 to 1768°C 1.0°C ±1.30°C ±3.02°C B 350 to 1820°C 1.0°C ±1.65°C ±4.14°C

When used with Model 2001 Multimeter. Specifications apply to channels 2–6. Add 0.06°C for each adjacent channel

away from channel 6. Extended range (Types J, K, T, E): -200. 0°C to -100. 1°C add ±0.1°C. Excluding thermocouple error.

Ordering Information

2001-TCSCAN 9 Channel Thermocouple/General Purpose Scanner 2001 High Performance 7 2001/MEM1 Base 2001 plus additional memory. Store up to 6000 readings 2001/MEM2 Base 2001 plus additional memory. Store up to 30000 readings 7401 Type K Thermocouple Wire Kit (100 ft) 8530 Centronics Printer Adapter 8681 Miniature Surface RTD Probe

Specifications subject to change without notice.

⁄2-Digit Multimeter

Specifications

GENERAL: 9 channels of 2-pole analog input, 1 cold junction sensor. FUNCTIONS: DCV, ACV, 4-wire Ω, Thermocouple, 2-wire Ω, 4-wire RTD, 2-

wire RTD, Frequency (can be mixed from channel to channel).

THERMOCOUPLE SCAN SPEED: 25 channels/second @ 0.1°C resolution;

43 channels/second @ 1°C resolution.

CAPABILITIES: Multiplex one of nine 2-pole or one of four 4-pole analog

signals into Model 2001 DMM and/or any combination of 2- or 4-pole analog signals.

REFERENCE OUTPUT: +200µV/°C (+54.63mV at 0°C). ALL INPUTS

Maximum Signal Levels

DC: 110V DC, <1A switched, 30VA maximum (resistive load). AC: 125V AC rms or 175V AC peak, 1A switched, 62.5VA maximum

(resistive load).

Contact Life: >10

cold switching.

Contact Resistance Actuation Time: 2.5ms maximum on/off. Contact Potential Connector Type: Screw terminal, #22 AWG wire size (0.062 O.D.). Isolation Between Any Two Terminals: >10 Common Mode Voltage: 350V peak between any terminal and earth. Maximum Voltage Between Any Two Terminals: 110VDC, 125VAC RMS.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT: 21mm high × 72mm wide × 221mm deep (0.83 in ×

2.83 in × 8.7 in). Net weight 283g (10 oz).

Channels 5 and 10 maximum power = 0.25 VA maximum (factory installed 120Ω, 5%, 1/4W resistors. User may replace with jumper. See note in manual for complete instructions.)

Channels 5 and 10 contact potential = ±1µV typical, 2µV max.

operations at maximum signal level; >108 operations

: <1Ω at end of contact life.

: <±500nV typical per contact, 1µV max.

, <75pF.

Channel 1

(Reference

Junction)

Channel 2-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

OUT A (To Model 2001 input jacks)

OUT B (To Model 2001 sense jacks)

2-Pole4-Pole

1 General Information

1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Features............................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.4 Manual addenda.................................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Safety symbols and terms ................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.6 Specifications...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.7 Unpacking and inspection................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.7.1 Inspection for damage................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.7.2 Handling precautions .................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.7.3 Shipment contents....................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.7.4 Instruction manual....................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.8 Repacking for shipment ...................................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.9 Optional accessories............................................................................................................................................ 1-3

2 Card Connections and Installation

2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Handling precautions .......................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Connections......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3.1 Card configuration ...................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3.2 Card connectors........................................................................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.3 Wiring procedure ........................................................................................................................................ 2-3

2.3.4 Output connections ..................................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3.5 Dressing leads ............................................................................................................................................. 2-4

2.4 Typical connecting schemes ............................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4.1 Thermocouple connections ......................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4.2 Voltage connections.................................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.4.3 Resistance connections ............................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.5 Card installation and removal ........................................................................................................................... 2-10

2.5.1 Scanner card installation........................................................................................................................... 2-10

2.5.2 Output connections to multimeter............................................................................................................. 2-12

2.5.3 Scanner card removal................................................................................................................................ 2-12

3 Operation

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Signal limitations................................................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.3 Scanner card detection......................................................................................................................................... 3-2

3.3.1 Power-up detection...................................................................................................................................... 3-2

3.3.2 Scanner option bus query ............................................................................................................................ 3-2

3.4 Front panel scanner controls................................................................................................................................ 3-2

3.4.1 Open and close channels (CHAN) .............................................................................................................. 3-2

3.4.2 Configure channels (CONFIG-CHAN)....................................................................................................... 3-4

3.4.3 Scan configuration (CONFIG-SCAN) ........................................................................................................ 3-5

3.4.4 Using SCAN to configure scan parameters and start scanning................................................................... 3-5

3.4.5 Using EXIT to stop scanning ...................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.4.6 Manual scanning.......................................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.5 IEEE-488 bus scanner commands............................................................................................................... 3-6

3.6 Closing and opening channels............................................................................................................................. 3-9

3.6.1 Closing channels.......................................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.6.2 Opening channels ........................................................................................................................................ 3-9

3.7 Scanning channels............................................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.7.1 Front panel scanning.................................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.7.2 IEEE-488 bus scanning ............................................................................................................................. 3-10

3.8 Temperature measurements............................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.8.1 Thermocouple temperature measurements................................................................................................ 3-11

3.8.2 RTD temperature measurements............................................................................................................... 3-13

3.8.3 Using RTD and thermocouple sensors together........................................................................................ 3-14

3.8.4 IEEE-488 programming example (temperature measurements)............................................................... 3-15

3.9 Basic front panel operation................................................................................................................................ 3-18

3.9.1 Configure stepping and scanning .............................................................................................................. 3-18

3.9.2 Open and close channels ............................................................................................................................3-19

3.9.3 Start stepping or scanning ..........................................................................................................................3-20

3.10 Temperature measurements............................................................................................................................... 3-20

3.10.1 Temperature measurement configuration...................................................................................................3-21

3.10.2 Temperature measurement procedure ........................................................................................................3-21

3.11 Remote operation............................................................................................................................................... 3-21

3.11.1 IEEE-488 programming example (temperature measurements)................................................................3-23

3.12 Typical applications........................................................................................................................................... 3-25

3.12.1 Resistor testing .......................................................................................................................................... 3-25

3.12.2 Resistor temperature coefficient testing.................................................................................................... 3-28

3.13 Measurement considerations ............................................................................................................................. 3-30

3.13.1 Thermocouple measurement error sources................................................................................................ 3-30

3.13.2 Path isolation............................................................................................................................................. 3-31

3.13.3 Channel resistance..................................................................................................................................... 3-31

3.13.4 Magnetic fields.......................................................................................................................................... 3-31

3.13.5 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).......................................................................................................... 3-32

3.13.6 Ground loops............................................................................................................................................. 3-32

3.13.7 Keeping connectors clean.......................................................................................................................... 3-33

4 Service Information

4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Handling and cleaning precautions..................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2.1 Handling precautions .................................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.2.2 Soldering precautions.................................................................................................................................. 4-2

4.3 Performance verification..................................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3.1 Environmental conditions ........................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3.2 Recommended equipment........................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3.3 Scanner card connections............................................................................................................................ 4-2

4.3.4 Reference junction test................................................................................................................................ 4-2

4.3.5 Path resistance tests..................................................................................................................................... 4-4

4.3.6 Contact potential tests................................................................................................................................. 4-5

4.3.7 Isolation tests............................................................................................................................................... 4-8

4.4 Calibration......................................................................................................................................................... 4-10

4.4.1 Calibration with thermistor probe............................................................................................................. 4-10

4.4.2 Calibration with thermocouple wire ......................................................................................................... 4-11

4.5 Special handling of static-sensitive devices...................................................................................................... 4-13

4.6 Principles of operation ...................................................................................................................................... 4-13

4.6.1 Block diagram........................................................................................................................................... 4-13

4.6.2 Relay control............................................................................................................................................. 4-14

4.6.3 Switching circuits...................................................................................................................................... 4-14

4.6.4 Power-on safeguard................................................................................................................................... 4-14

4.6.5 Reference junction .................................................................................................................................... 4-14

4.7 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................................ 4-14

4.7.1 Troubleshooting equipment ...................................................................................................................... 4-14

4.7.2 Troubleshooting access............................................................................................................................. 4-14

4.7.3 Troubleshooting procedure ....................................................................................................................... 4-15

4.8 Scanner card modification ................................................................................................................................ 4-15

5 Replaceable Parts

5.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Parts lists ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.3 Ordering information .......................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.4 Factory service.................................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.5 Component layout and schematic diagram......................................................................................................... 5-1

A Thermocouple Basics

A.1 Definitions.......................................................................................................................................................... A-1

A.2 Theory ................................................................................................................................................................ A-1

A.3 Measurement procedure..................................................................................................................................... A-2

A.4 Measuring example............................................................................................................................................ A-2

B Thermocouple Conversion Tables

iii

List of Illustrations

2 Card Connections and Installation

Figure 2-1 Model 2001-TCSCAN simplified schematic ............................................................................................. 2-2

Figure 2-2 Card connectors.......................................................................................................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-3 Output connections..................................................................................................................................... 2-5

Figure 2-4 Routing wires through cable clamp............................................................................................................ 2-5

Figure 2-5 Typical connections for thermocouple scanning........................................................................................ 2-6

Figure 2-6 Connections for voltage scanning .............................................................................................................. 2-7

Figure 2-7 Typical connections for 2-wire resistance scanning .................................................................................. 2-8

Figure 2-8 Typical connections for 4-wire resistance scanning .................................................................................. 2-9

Figure 2-9 Card installation ....................................................................................................................................... 2-11

Figure 2-10 2-pole output connections ........................................................................................................................ 2-13

Figure 2-11 4-pole output connections ........................................................................................................................ 2-14

3 Operation

Figure 3-1 Models 2001 and 2002 front panel scanner controls.................................................................................. 3-3

Figure 3-2 Models 2000 and 2010 front panel scanner controls ............................................................................... 3-18

Figure 3-3 2-wire resistance test connections............................................................................................................ 3-25

Figure 3-4 4-wire resistance test connections............................................................................................................ 3-26

Figure 3-5 Combining 2-pole and 4-pole switching .................................................................................................. 3-27

Figure 3-6 Resistor temperature coefficient testing................................................................................................... 3-29

Figure 3-7 Path isolation resistance ........................................................................................................................... 3-31

Figure 3-8 Voltage attenuation by path isolation resistance...................................................................................... 3-31

Figure 3-9 Power line ground loops........................................................................................................................... 3-32

Figure 3-10 Eliminating ground loops......................................................................................................................... 3-32

4 Service Information

Figure 4-1 Connections for reference junction test...................................................................................................... 4-4

Figure 4-2 Connections for path resistance checks...................................................................................................... 4-6

Figure 4-3 Connections for contact potential tests....................................................................................................... 4-7

Figure 4-4 Connections for same-channel isolation tests............................................................................................. 4-9

Figure 4-5 Connections for channel-to-channel isolation tests.................................................................................... 4-9

Figure 4-6 Connections for HI and LO terminal to chassis ground isolation tests .................................................... 4-10

Figure 4-7 Calibration with thermistor probe............................................................................................................. 4-12

Figure 4-8 Calibration with thermocouple wire......................................................................................................... 4-13

Figure 4-9 Block diagram........................................................................................................................................... 4-14

Figure 4-10 Current-limiting resistor locations ........................................................................................................... 4-16

A Thermocouple Basics

Figure A-1 Thermocouple measurement...................................................................................................................... A-1

List of Tables

3 Operation

Table 3-1 Summary of SCPI commands (Models 2001 and 2002) ........................................................................... 3-7

Table 3-2 Summary of SCPI commands (Models 2000 and 2010).......................................................................... 3-22

Table 3-3 Additional SCPI commands for the Model 2010..................................................................................... 3-23

4 Service Information

Table 4-1 Verification and calibration equipment ..................................................................................................... 4-3

Table 4-2 Recommended troubleshooting equipment ............................................................................................. 4-14

Table 4-3 Troubleshooting procedure ...................................................................................................................... 4-16

5 Replaceable Parts

Table 5-1 Electrical parts ........................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Table 5-2 Mechanical parts ........................................................................................................................................ 5-3

B Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Table B-1 NIST Quartic Coefficients for Types, S, R, B, E, J, K, and T .................................................................. B-2

vii

General Information

1.2 Features

1.1 Introduction

This section contains general information about the Model 2001-TCSCAN General Purpose/Thermocouple Scanner Card, which is designed to be used with the Model 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010 DMMs to make accurate multi-channel thermocouple measurements. The DMMs will automatically convert type J, K, T, E, R, S, and B thermocouple voltages to Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin temperature readings.

The Model 2001-TCSCAN can also be used for a variety of nine-channel, mixed-signal switching applications. The 500nV-125V signal voltage range of the Model 2001TCSCAN makes it well suited for both low and high signal levels.

Section 1 is arranged in the following manner:

1.2 Features

1.4 Manual addenda

The Model 2001-TCSCAN is a scanner card designed to be installed in the Model 2000, 2001, 2002, or 2010 Multimeter. Key features include:

• Built-in reference junction (channel 1).

• Low contact potential and offset current.

• Input connectors are in contact with an isothermal block to minimize temperature differences.

• Nine channels of 2-pole relay input.

• Four channel pairs conﬁgurable for 4-pole operation.

• Multiplex one of nine 2-pole, or one of four 4-pole channels into the DMM.

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

1.6 Speciﬁcations

1.7 Unpacking and inspection

1.8 Repacking for shipment

1.9 Optional accessories

1-1

General Information

1.4 Manual addenda

Any improvements or changes concerning the scanner card or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the card. Addenda are provided in a page replacement format. Simply replace the obsolete pages with the new pages.

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

The following symbols and terms may be found on an instrument or used in this manual.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the instruction manual.

The symbol an instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

1.7 Unpacking and inspection

1.7.1 Inspection for damage

The Model 2001-TCSCAN is packaged in a re-sealable, anti-static bag to protect it from damage due to static discharge and from contamination that could degrade its performance. Before removing the card from the bag, observe the precautions below on handling.

1.7.2 Handling precautions

• Always grasp the card by the side edges and covers. Do not touch the board surfaces or components.

• When the card is not installed in a DMM, keep the card in the anti-static bag, and store it in the original packing carton. After remo ving the card from its anti-static bag, inspect it for any obvious signs of physical damage. Report any such damage to the shipping agent immediately.

The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the scanner card. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

1.6 Speciﬁcations

Model 2001-TCSCAN speciﬁcations are found at the front of this manual. All speciﬁcations e xcept temperature accuracy are exclusiv e of the DMM speciﬁcations. Temperature accuracy speciﬁcations include DMM temperature accuracy.

Note that Model 2001-TCSCAN scan temperature accuracy is speciﬁed down to -100°C. For temperatures from -100.1°C and -200°C using type J, K, T, or E thermocouples, add an additional ±0.1°C of error.

1.7.3 Shipment contents

The following items are included with every Model 2001TCSCAN order:

• Model 2001-TCSCAN Scanner Card

• Model 2001-TCSCAN Instruction Manual

• CA-109 test lead set for output connections (two red, two black)

• Additional accessories as ordered

1.7.4 Instruction manual

If an additional Model 2001-TCSCAN Instruction Manual is required, order the manual package, Keithley part number 2001-TCSC-901-00. The manual package includes an instruction manual and any pertinent addenda.

1-2

General Information

1.8 Repacking for shipment

Should it become necessary to return the Model 2001-TCSCAN for repair, carefully pack the unit in its original packing carton or the equivalent, and include the follo wing information:

• Advise as to the warranty status of the scanner card.

• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the shipping label.

• Fill out and include the service form located at the back of this manual.

1.9 Optional accessories

Model 7401 — The Model 7401 is a thermocouple wire kit

that includes 30.5m (100 ft.) of type K (chromel-alumel) thermocouple wire.

1-3

Card Connections and Installation

2.1 Introduction

WARNING

The procedures in this section are intended only for qualiﬁed service personnel. Do not perform these procedures unless you are qualiﬁed to do so. F ailure to recognize and observe normal safety precautions could result in personal injury or death.

This section includes information on making connections to the Model 2001-TCSCAN and on installing the card in the DMM. This section is arranged as follows:

2.2 Handling precautions: Explains precautions that must

be followed to prevent contamination to the scanner card assembly. Contamination could degrade the performance of the scanner card.

2.3 Connections: Covers the basics for connecting exter-

nal circuitry to the scanner card.

2.4 Typical connection schemes: Provides some typical

connection schemes for 2-pole and 4-pole operation, including thermocouple connections.

2.5 Card installation and removal: Summarizes the pro-

cedure to install the scanner card in the DMM, outlines scanner card output connections, and describes how to remove the card.

2.2 Handling precautions

To maintain high impedance isolation between channels, care should be taken when handling the scanner card to avoid contamination from such foreign materials as body oils. Such contamination can substantially lower leakage resistances, degrading card performance. To avoid possible contamination, always grasp the scanner card by the side edges or covers. Do not touch board surfaces, components, or areas adjacent to electrical contacts.

Dirt build-up over a period of time is another possible source of contamination. To avoid this problem, operate the multimeter and scanner card in a clean environment. If the card becomes contaminated, it should be thoroughly cleaned as explained in paragraph 4.2.

2.3 Connections

This paragraph provides the information necessary to connect your thermocouples or other external test circuitry to the scanner card.

WARNING

The following connection information is intended to be used by qualiﬁed service personnel. Failure to recognize and observe standard safety precautions could result in personal injury or death.

2-1

Card Connections and Installation

NOTE

All connecting wires or leads must be connected to the card before it is installed in the DMM.

2.3.1 Card conﬁguration

Figure 2-1 shows a simpliﬁed schematic diagram of the Model 2001-TCSCAN. The scanner card has nine input channels and two outputs. Channel 1 is the reference junction used for thermocouple temperature measurements.

Channel 1

(Reference

Junction)

4-pole paired channels are as follows:

• Channels 2 and 7

• Channels 3 and 8

• Channels 4 and 9

• Channels 5 and 10

CAUTION

Do not attempt to pair channels 1 and 6. Possible damage to the reference junction may result if a signal is applied to channel 6 if channels 1 and 6 are used together in the 4-pole mode.

Channel 2-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

OUT A (To DMM input jacks)

OUT B (To DMM

sense jacks)

2-Pole4-Pole

Figure 2-1

Model 2001-TCSCAN simpliﬁed schematic

2-2

Card Connections and Installation

2.3.2 Card connectors

Figure 2-2 shows the input/output connectors for the card. Card connections include:

• CH 2-10 (channels 2-10): HI and LO input terminals are provided for each of the nine channels on the card.

NOTE

Channels 5 and 10 have current-limiting resistors installed. Path resistance for these two channels is approximately 240 Ω .

• OUT A: HI and LO output connections for all nine channels in the 2-pole mode or channels 2-5 in the 4pole mode.

• OUT B: HI and LO output connections for channels 710 in the 4-pole mode.

In order to gain access to the connections, ﬁrst open the plastic shield by pressing in on the locking tab. Swing the shield away from the circuit board.

2.3.3 Wiring procedure

Perform the following procedure to wire circuitry to the screw terminals on the scanner card.

WARNING

Make sure all power is off and any stored energy in external circuitry is discharged before connecting or disconnecting wires.

CAUTION

Mechanical shock may open or close latching relays on the scanner card. Before enabling any external sour ces, open all relays by inserting the Model 2001TCSCAN into the DMM and turning on the power.

Locking Tab

Figure 2-2

Card connectors

Input/Output Connectors

HI LO

CH 2 OUT A OUT B

CH 3

CH 4

HI LO

CH 5

HI LO

CH 6

HI LO

CH 7

HI LO

CH 9

HI LO CH 10

CH 8

Plastic Shield

Reference Junction Sensor

HI LO HI LO

Reference Junction Circuitry

2-3

Card Connections and Installation

1. Open the plastic shield to gain access to the connectors.

2. Strip approximately each wire.

Standard thermocouple wire or #22 AWG stranded wire is recommended for scanner card connections.

3. Turn the scre w terminal se veral turns counter -clockwise until the access hole is open. Insert the wire in the access hole.

4. While holding the wire in place, tighten the connector screw securely.

Be sure not to over tighten screw terminals, or the connectors may be damaged.

5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for each wire to be connected.

” of insulation from the end of

NOTE

CAUTION

2.3.4 Output connections

Use the supplied test leads for scanner output connections. Connect red leads to the output (OUT A and OUT B) HI ter minals, and connect black leads to the output LO terminals. See Figure 2-3 for details. Dress output test leads through the cable clamp, as described in paragraph 2.3.5. After all wires are connected and secure, close the plastic shield, and secure it with the locking tab.

NOTE

If you intend to use the scanner card only in the 2-pole mode, it is not necessary to connect output leads to both OUT A and OUT B. Use only OUT A for the 2-pole mode.

After the scanner card is installed, the output leads must be connected to the multimeter rear panel input jacks. See paragraph 2.5.2 for details.

6. Dress input wires through the cable clamp, as discussed in paragraph 2.3.5.

WARNING

If thermocouples are going to be ﬂoated above 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, 60VDC, make sure thermocouple wires ha ve adequate insulation.

2.3.5 Dressing leads

After wires are connected to the terminal blocks, they should be dressed through the cable clamp as shown in Figure 2-4. T o do so, unlatch the clip that holds the cable clamp together , then route all wires ﬂat against the lower half of the clamp. Clamp the wires down, then secure the clamp with the metal clip unlatched earlier.

2-4

Card Connections and Installation

Figure 2-3

Output connections

To DMM Input Jacks

Red

Black

Red

HI LO

CH 2 OUT A OUT B

CH 3

CH 4

CH 5

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

CH 9

CH 10

HI LO HI LO

Note: OUT B connections not required for 2-pole operation.

To DMM Sense Jacks

Black

HI LO

CH 2 OUT A OUT B

Figure 2-4

Routing wires through cable clamp

HI LO

CH 3

HI LO

CH 4

HI LO

CH 5

HI LO

CH 6

HI LO

CH 7

HI LO

CH 8

HI LO

CH 9

HI LO CH 10

Metal Clip

HI LO HI LO

Cable Clamp

2-5

Card Connections and Installation

2.4 Typical connecting schemes

The following paragraphs discuss typical connections for the scanner card.

HI HI LO

CH 2

CH 3

CH 4

CH 5

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

CH 9

CH 10

OUT A

LO HI LO HI

LO HI

HI LO HI LO

2.4.1 Thermocouple connections

Figure 2-5 shows typical thermocouple connections. Note that thermocouples are connected to channels 2-10, and output connections are taken from the OUT A terminals.

Thermocouples

To DMM Input Jacks

OUT B

2001-TCSCAN Card

Figure 2-5

Typical connections for thermocouple scanning

2-6

Voltages

Under Test

HI LO

LO HI LO HI LO

HI LO

CH 2

CH 3

CH 4

CH 5

OUT A

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

CH 9

CH 10

OUT B

2001-TCSCAN Card

To DMM Input Jacks

Figure 2-6

Connections for voltage scanning

Card Connections and Installation

2.4.2 Voltage connections

Figure 2-6 shows typical connections for voltage measurements. Note that up to nine voltage sources can be switched with this conﬁguration. This basic conﬁguration can be used for the following types of measurements:

• DCV

• ACV

• Frequency

Channels (2-10) can be used with this conﬁguration.

2-7

Card Connections and Installation

■

2.4.3 Resistance connections

2-Pole connections

Figure 2-7 shows typical 2-pole resistor test connections. The 2-pole resistance conﬁguration can be used to test up to seven DUTs.

NOTE

Channels 5 and 10 should not be used to switch 2-wire resistance measurements because of the relatively high path resistance ( ≅ 240 Ω ) of these two channels due

HI HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO HI LO

CH 2

CH 3

CH 4

to the factory-installed current-limiting resistors. (Unless the card is modiﬁed; see paragraph 4.8.)

4-Pole connections

T ypical 4-pole resistance connections are sho wn in Figure 2-

8. This general conﬁguration can be used with channel pairs 2-5 and 7-10 to scan:

• 4-wire resistance measurements.

• 4-wire RTD temperature measurements.

CH 5

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

CH 9

CH 10

OUT A

OUT B

2001-TCSCAN Card

Figure 2-7

Typical connections for 2-wire resistance scanning

Resistors

Under Test

To DMM Input Jacks

NOTE: Do not use channels 5 and 10 for 2-wire resistance measurements

2-8

CH 2

CH 3

CH 4

CH 5

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

Card Connections and Installation

HI LO

Resistors

Under Test

CH 9

LO HI LO HI LO

CH 10

OUT A

HI LO

OUT B

2001-TCSCAN Card

Figure 2-8

Typical connections for 4-wire resistance scanning

To DMM Input Jacks

To DMM Sense Jacks

2-9

Card Connections and Installation

2.5 Card installation and removal

This paragraph explains how to install and remov e the Model 2001-TCSCAN card assembly from the DMM.

WARNING

Installation or removal of the Model 2001-TCSCAN should be performed only by qualiﬁed service personnel. Failure to recognize and observe standard safety precautions could result in personal injury or death.

CAUTION

To prevent contamination to the scanner card that could degrade performance, handle the card assembly only by the card edges and covers.

NOTE

Wiring connections must made before installing the scanner card. See paragraph

2.4 for wiring details.

2.5.1 Scanner card installation

Perform the following steps and refer to Figure 2-9 to install the card assembly in the DMM:

WARNING

Turn off power to all instrumentation (including the DMM), and disconnect all line cords. Make sure all power is removed and any stored energy in external circuitry is discharged.

1. Remove the cover plate from the OPTION SLOT on the rear panel of the DMM. T o do so, pry out the two f asteners, then remove the cover plate.

2. Slide the card edges into the guide rails inside the multimeter (solder side up).

3. With the ejector arms in the unlocked position, carefully push the card all the way forward until the arms engage the ejector clips. Push both arms inward to lock the card into the multimeter.

4. After installation, connect the output leads to the multimeter as discussed below.

2-10

Unlock card

Ejector Arms (2)

Card Connections and Installation

Figure 2-9

Card installation

Lock card

WARNING: Installation or removal should be performed only by qualified service personel.

2-11

Card Connections and Installation

2.5.2 Output connections to multimeter

After installation, connect the scanner card output leads to the DMM rear panel jacks as follows:

• For 2-pole operation, connect OUT A HI (red) to INPUT HI, and connect OUT A LO (black) to INPUT LO. See Figure 2-10.

• For 4-pole operation, connect OUT A HI (red) to INPUT HI, and connect OUT A LO (black) to INPUT LO. Also connect OUT B HI (red) to SENSE HI, and connect OUT B LO (black) to SENSE LO. See Figure 2-11.

NOTE

Be sure to select the rear inputs with the DMM front panel INPUTS switch when using the scanner.

2.5.3 Scanner card removal

Follow the steps below to remove the scanner card from the multimeter:

WARNING

Turn off power to all instrumentation (including the DMM) and disconnect all line cords. Make sure all power is removed and any stored energy in external circuitry is discharged.

1. Unlock the card by pulling the latches outward.

2. Carefully slide the card out of the multimeter.

3. If the multimeter is to be operated without a scanner card installed, install the cover plate over the OPTION SLOT.

2-12

Out A

HI (Red)

Use this configuration for : DCV ACV 2-wire Ω 2-wire RTD Frequency Thermocouple

Input HI

Input LO

Out A

LO (Black)

Card Connections and Installation

A. Models 2001 and 2002

Input LO

Out A

Use this configuration for : DCV ACV 2-wire Ω 2-wire RTD (Model 2010) Thermocouple

LO (Black)

Input HI

Out A

HI (Red)

B. Models 2000 and 2010

Figure 2-10

2-pole output connections

2-13

Card Connections and Installation

Sense HI

Out A

HI (Red)

Out B

HI (Red)

Use this configuration for : 4-wire ohms 4-wire RTD

Input HI

Sense LO

Out A

LO (Black)

Input LO

Out B

LO (Black)

A. Models 2001 and 2002

Sense HI

Sense LO

Out B

HI (Red)

Out B

LO (Black)

Use this configuration for : 4-wire ohms 4-wire RTD (Model 2010)

Input LO

Out A

LO (Black)

Input HI

Out A

HI (Red)

B. Models 2000 and 2010

Figure 2-11

4-pole output connections

2-14

Operation

3.1 Introduction

This section contains detailed information on front panel and IEEE-488 bus operation of the Model 2001-TCSCAN. The information in this section is organized as follows:

3.2 Signal limitations: Summarizes the maximum signals

that can be applied to the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

3.3 Scanner card detection: Discusses how the scanner

card is detected and how to determine whether or not the card is installed with a bus command.

Models 2001 and 2002 operation:

3.4 Front panel scanner controls: Gives an overview of

the Models 2001 and 2002 Multimeter front panel controls used to control the scanner card.

3.5 IEEE-488 bus scanner commands: Summarizes bus

commands necessary to control the scanner card.

3.6 Opening and closing channels: Covers the basic

methods for closing and opening channels.

3.7 Scanning channels: Details how to conﬁgure scan

parameters and how to perform scanning.

3.8 Temperature measurements: Describes using the

scanner card to make temperature measurements using themocouples and RTD probes.

Models 2000 and 2010 operation :

3.9 Basic front panel operation: Explains how to use the

Models 2000 and 2010 to perform basic scanner card operations using the Model 2001-TCSCAN card.

3.10 Temperature measurements: Explains how to use

the scanner card with the Models 2000 and 2010 to make temperature measurements.

3.11 Remote operation: Summarizes the SCPI commands

necessary to control the scanner card and make temperature measurements.

Models 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010 :

3.12 Typical applications: Discusses typical applications

for the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

3.13 Measurement considerations: Discusses a number

of measurement considerations that should be taken into account when using the scanner.

NOTE

Before using the Model 2001-TCSCAN scanner card, you should be thoroughly familiar with the operation of the Model 2001 Multimeter. See the Model 2001 Operator’s Manual for details.

3-1

Operation

3.2 Signal limitations

CAUTION

To prevent damage to the Model 2001TCSCAN, do not exceed the maximum signal level speciﬁcations of the card.

To prevent over-heating or damage to the relays, never exceed the following maximum input signal levels:

DC signals: 110V DC, 1A switched, 30VA (resistive load).

AC signals: 125V rms or 175V AC peak, 1A switched,

62.5VA (resistive load). (Channels 5 and 10 maximum power = 0.25VA due to factory installed current-limiting resistors. See paragraph 4.8 for modiﬁcation.)

3.3 Scanner card detection

3.3.1 Power-up detection

The scanner card is detected only at power-on. If the card is plugged into the DMM after the power is turned on, the card will not be recognized as being present by the DMM.

Refer to the individual DMM operator’s manual for more details on using the *OPT? query.

3.4 Front panel scanner controls

NOTE

Use paragraphs 3.4 through 3.8 for scanner card operation using the Models 2001 and 2002 DMMs. Models 2000 and 2010

The following paragraphs give an overview of the various Model 2001 Multimeter controls used with the scanner. Figure 3-1 shows the front panel of the Models 2001 and

2002. Controls that affect Model 2001-TCSCAN operation include:

DMM operation is covered in paragraphs

3.9 through 3.11.

• CHAN: Allo ws you to open and close channels directly .

• CONFIG-CHAN: Deﬁnes the measurement functions for each scanner channel.

• CONFIG-SCAN: Selects internal/external scan list.

• SCAN: Enters scan conﬁguration menu.

CAUTION

Plugging in the scanner card with power turned on may result in damage to both the Model 2001-TCSCAN and the DMM.

If the card is not present at power-on, scanner bus commands or queries will generate a “Missing hardware error”, and front panel operations pertaining to the scanner will inform you that no scanner is present.

3.3.2 Scanner option bus query

*OPT? is an IEEE 488.2 common query which will allow you determine whether or not the Model 2001-TCSCAN card is installed. The response to this query has two ﬁelds. The ﬁrst ﬁeld identiﬁes the presence or absence of expansion memory, and the second ﬁeld indicates whether or not the scanner is present as follows:

• 0: Scanner not installed.

• and : Manually scans through channels.

• TEMP: Enables temperature measurements.

• CONFIG-TEMP: Selects sensor type, thermocouple type, and reference junctions.

3.4.1 Open and close channels (CHAN)

The CHAN key allows you directly:

• Open any closed channel(s) immediately.

• Close a speciﬁc channel (or channel pair for 4-wire functions).

Pressing CHAN will display the following menu choices:

CHANNEL SELECTION

CLOSE-CHANNEL OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS

• 2001-SCAN: Model 2001-TCSCAN scanner card installed.

3-2

■

Operation

ERR REM TALK LSTN SRQ REAR REL FILT MATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

DISPLAY

POWER

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

REL TRIG

INFO LOCAL EXIT ENTER

CHAN

• Close channel

• Open channel

CONFIG-CHAN

• Define internal channel functions

• Define external channel functions

• Define alternate function

STORE RECALL

CHAN SCAN

FILTER MATH

CONFIG MENU

SCAN

• Scan configuration

CONFIG-SCAN

• Select internal scan list

• Select external scan list

FREQ TEMP

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

CAL

INPUT

1100V

PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

500V

PEAK

TEMP

• Enable temperature measurements

CONFIG-TEMP

• Select sensor type

• Choose thermocouple type

• Define reference junction

Figure 3-1

Models 2001 and 2002 front panel scanner controls

OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS

Selecting OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS will immediately open any closed scanner card channel(s).

CLOSE-CHANNELS

Selecting CLOSE-CHANNEL will display the following message prompting you to select the channel to close:

ENTER CHAN#01 (1-10)

The ﬁeld entry after “ENTER CHAN#” indicates the channel to close. To close a channel, simply use the cursor and range keys to select the number of the channel to close, then press ENTER. The number of the closed channel will be displayed on the front panel along with normal readings. Keep in mind that channel 1 is the reference junction.

• Manually scan channels

EXIT

• Disable scanning

Selecting a different channel from the one that is presently closed will cause the closed channel to open and allow a settling time before closing the selected channel.

Channel relays will be closed according to the presently selected function. If a 2-wire function is used, only the relay for that one channel will be closed. If a 4-wire function is selected, both the selected channel relay and the matching relay pair will close. For example, closing channel 2 will also close the channel 7 relay. Fixed 4-pole relay pairs are:

• 2 and 7

• 3 and 8

• 4 and 8

• 5 and 10.

3-3

Operation

■

Ω

■

3.4.2 Conﬁgure channels (CONFIG-CHAN)

CONFIG-CHAN allows you to:

• Select measurement functions for internal (Model 2001-TCSCAN) channels.

• Select measurement functions for channels in an external scanner used with the Model 2001/2002.

• Deﬁne an alternate measurement function which can then be assigned to speciﬁc channels.

Pressing CONFIG then CHAN will display the following menu:

CONFIGURE CHANNELS

INTERNAL-CHANS EXTERNAL-INPUTS

SAVE-ALT-FCN RESTORE-ALT-FCN

INTERNAL-CHANS

The INTERNAL-CHANS selection allows you to set the measuring function for each of the Model 2001-SCAN channels while scanning. When this selection is made, the following submenu will be displayed:

SET INTERNAL CHANS

1=DCV 2=DCV 3=DCV 4=DCV 5=DCV

6=DCV 7=DCV 8=DCV 9=DCV 10=DCV

corresponding paired channel 7-10. Once Ω 4W is selected on channels 2 to 5, changing the assignment to a different function will de-assign the paired channel and change the function to “---” (none).

CAUTION

Four-wire functions should not be used with channels 1 and 6.

TMP function: Similarly, the TMP selection is valid only

for channels 2-5 if the RTD temperature sensor is a 4-wire type. If a 2-wire RTD type is used, channels 6-10 could be assigned to the TMP function, but if the sensor type is later change to 4-wire RTD, any channel from 6-10 will then be set to “---” (none). Thermocouple TMP measurements can be assigned to channels 2-10.

No function (---): Selecting none (---) effectively removes

that channel from the scan list. When scanning, the instrument will skip any channels that have no function deﬁned.

JN functions: JN1 through JN5 are used to assign a refer-

ence junction to a channel. With the Model 2001-TCSCAN, the reference junction must be assigned to channel 1.

With this menu displayed, use the cursor keys to select the channel, and use the up arrow and down arrow (range) keys to select the desired measuring function for each channel:

DCV: DC volts ACV : A C volts

2W: 2-wire ohms

4W: 4-wire ohms FRQ: frequency TMP: temperature ALT: alternate function (see below) JN1 – JN5: Reference junctions

--- : None

ΩΩ

4W function: The Ω 4W function is valid only for chan-

nels 2-5. If selected, “PRD” (paired) will be shown on the

EXTERNAL-INPUTS

This menu item allows you to select measurement functions for an external scanner used with the Model 2001/2002 Multimeter. See the Model 2001/2002 Operator’s Manual for details.

SAVE-ALT-FCN/RESTORE-ALT-FCN

An ALT (alternate) function is one that cannot be directly accessed with one of the eight function keys. For example, assume that you select the A CV peak function using CONFIGACV. You can then use SAVE-ALT to assign peak ACV to the ALT function. Whenever the ALT function is encountered in the scan list, the instrument will switch to the ACV peak function for that channel even if the instrument is measuring a different type of ACV (RMS for example).

You can also use the ALT function to store an existing main function but with a different set of operating parameters. For

3-4

■

Operation

example, you could set up thermocouple operating parameters for the TMP function and RTD setup parameters as the ALT function. This arrangement allows you to specify changes in virtually any measurement parameter from channel to channel even if the measurement functions are the same.

SAVE-ALT-FCN: Stores the presently selected function

and all its conﬁgured settings as the ALT function.

RESTORE-ALT-FCN: Restores the function that was

saved as the ALT function and all associated settings as if a normal function change were taking place.

3.4.3 Scan conﬁguration (CONFIG-SCAN)

CONFIG-SCAN allows you to select the internal or external channel list for scanning.

Pressing CONFIG-SCAN will display the following menu:

SCAN OPERATION

INTERNAL EXTERNAL RATIO DELTA

These choices select the action the instrument will take when it is triggered.

INTERNAL

This selection enables scanning with the internal Model 2001- TCSCAN scanner card.

3.4.4 Using SCAN to conﬁgure scan parameters and start scanning

Once the internal or external scan list is enabled, use the SCAN key to conﬁgure scan count, scan interval, and enable buffer storage. The steps below outline the basic procedure for using the SCAN key to conﬁgure internal scanner operation.

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-SCAN. The instrument will display the following:

SCAN OPERATION

INTERNAL EXTERNAL RATIO DELTA

2. Select INTERNAL, then press ENTER.

3. Press SCAN. The unit will display the following message:

SCAN COUNT = 00010

4. Using the range and cursor keys, select the number of scan sequences, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

USE SCAN TIMER?

YES NO

5. If you do not wish to use the scan timer (interval between scans), select NO, then press ENTER, and go on to step 7. If you wish to use and program the interval between scans, select YES, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

EXTERNAL

This menu selection enables scanning with an external scanner card located in a switching mainframe. This selection operates in a manner similar to INTERNAL except that the internal scanner card is not used.

RATIO/DELTA

RATIO and DELTA should not be used with the Model 2001-TCSCAN. These selections are intended for use with a different scanner card.

INTRVL = 000002.500

6. Using the range and cursor keys, select the desired interval (in seconds) between scan sequences, then press ENTER.

7. The instrument will then prompt you as to whether or not you wish to store data in the buffer as follows:

DATA TO MEMORY?

YES NO

8. To store scanned data in the buffer, select YES; otherwise choose NO, then press ENTER.

3-5

Operation

9. If you elected to store data in memory, the instrument will prompt you as follows:

00100 RDGS TO BUFFER

Press ENTER to continue.

NOTE

Use CONFIG-STORE to program the number of readings to store.

10. Press ENTER to begin scanning at the following prompt:

Press ENTER to begin

0010 scans of 10 channels

11. The instrument will then scan using selected scanning parameters. If you elected to store data in memory, the instrument will display the reading number on the bottom line of the display as readings are stored.

12. After readings are stored, the following will be displayed:

SCAN COMPLETE

RECALL-DATA SCAN-AGAIN EXIT

13. Select the desired operation, then press ENTER.

3.4.5 Using EXIT to stop scanning

To disable scanning while in progress, press the EXIT key.

3.4.6 Manual scanning

The and keys can be used to manually scan through channels. In order to use this feature, ﬁrst close a channel using the CHAN key . Use to increment channels, or use to decrement channels. To view adjacent channels simultaneously, turn on the multiple displays with the NEXT key.

3.5 IEEE-488 bus scanner commands

Table 3-1 summarizes commands that are typically used for scanning and temperature measurements over the IEEE-488 bus. Note that the query form for most of the listed commands is not included. For more information on these and other bus commands, refer to the Model 2001 or 2002 User’ s Manual.

Programming examples in paragraphs 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8.4 are provided using both HP BASIC and QuickBASIC 4.5 languages. The QuickBASIC examples use the HP-style Universal Language Driver (CECHP).

3-6

Table 3-1

Summary of SCPI commands (Models 2001 and 2002 )

Command Description

FORMat command summary

Operation

:FORMat

:ELEMents <item list>

ROUTe command summary

:ROUTe

:CLOSe <list>

:STATe? :CLOSe? <list> :OPEN <list>|ALL

:ALL :OPEN? <list> :SCAN

[:INTernal] <list>

:FUNCtion <list>, <function>

:LSELect <name>

SENSe command summary

[:SENSe[1]]

:FUNCtion <name>

:ALTernate [1]

:SAVe

:RECall

Command to specify data elements to send over the bus:

Specify data elements (READing, CHANnel, RNUMber, UNITs, TIMEstamp, STATus).

Commands to control 2001-TCSCAN:

Close speciﬁed channels.

Query closed channels. Query speciﬁed channels (1=closed, 0=open). Open speciﬁed channels or all channels.

Open all channels. Query speciﬁed channels (1=open, 0=closed). Path to scan channels.

Conﬁgure internal scan list.

Assign function to speciﬁed channels (see NOTE at end of table).

Select scan list (INTernal, NONE).

Commands to conﬁgure measurements:

Select function (‘TEMPerature’, ‘VOLTage:AC’, ‘VOLTage:DC’, ‘RESistance’, ‘FRESistance’, ‘FREQuency’). Program alternate function.

Save alternate function.

Recall alternate function.

:TEMPerature

:TRANsducer <name> :RTD

:TYPE <name>

:RZERo <NRf> :ALPHa <NRf> :BETA <NRf> :DELTa <NRf>

:TCouple

:TYPE <name>

:RJUNctionX

:RSELect <name> :SIMulated <n> :REAL

:TCOefﬁcient <n> :OFFSet <n>

:ACQuire

Path to conﬁgure temperature measurements:

Select transducer (RTD, FRTD, or TCouple).

Conﬁgure RTD temperature measurements:

Select RTD sensor type (PT100, D100, F100, PT3916, PT385 or USER). Specify constant for USER type (0 to 1000). Specify constant for USER type (0 to 0.01). Specify constant for USER type (0 to 1.00). Specify constant for USER type (0 to 5.00).

Conﬁgure thermocouple sensor.

Select thermocouple type (J,K,T,E,R,S, or B). Conﬁgure reference junction; where X=1 for Model 2001-TCSCAN.

Select reference type (SIMulated or REAL).

Specify simulated temperature in˚C (0 to 50).

Conﬁgure real reference junction:

Specify temp coefﬁcient (-0.09999 to 0.09999). Specify voltage coefﬁcient at 0˚C (-0.09999 to 0.09999).

Update reference temperature.

3-7

Operation

Table 3-1 cont.

Summary of SCPI commands (Models 2001 and 2002)

Command Description

TRACe command summary

:TRACe

:POINts <n>

:AUTO <b>

:FEED <name>

:CONTrol <name>

:DATA?

Commands to conﬁgure buffer:

Specify buffer size.

Enable or disable auto buffer sizing (uses :trigger:count).

Select source of readings (SENSe[1], CALCulate [1], NONE).

Select buffer control mode (NEVer, NEXT, ALWays).

Read all readings in the buffer.

Trigger command summary

:INITiate

[:IMMediate] :CONTinuous <b>

:TRIGger

:COUNt <n> :SOURce <name> :TIMer <n>

Initiation commands:

Initiate one trigger cycle. Enable or disable continuous initiation.

Trigger layer commands:

Specify total number of channels to scan (1 to 99999). Select control source (IMMediate, TIMer, MANual). Set timer interval (0 to 999999.999 seconds).

UNITs command summary

:UNIT

:TEMPerature <name>

NOTE: The SCAN:INTernal <function> parameter (ROUTe command summary) is one of the following:

VOLTage:DC DC volts VOLTage:AC AC volts TEMPerature Temperature FREQuency Frequency RESistance 2-wire ohms FRESistance 4-wire ohms RJUNctionX Reference junction (X = 1 to 5) NONE No function (skips listed channel during scan). ALTernate[1] Alternate function.

Command to select temperature units:

Select temperature measurement units (C, CEL, F, FAR, K).

3-8

■

Operation

■

3.6 Closing and opening channels

Individual scanner card channels are closed and opened using the CHAN key . The follo wing paragraphs discuss closing and opening channels from the front panel as well as with bus commands.

3.6.1 Closing channels

Front panel

Use the front panel CHAN key to close speciﬁc channels as follows:

1. From normal display, press the CHAN key. The instrument will display the following menu:

CHANNEL SELECTION

CLOSE-CHANNEL OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS

2. Select CLOSE-CHANNEL, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following prompt:

ENTER CHANNEL# 01 (1-10)

3. Use the cursor and range keys to select the channel you wish to close (1-10), then press ENTER. An y previously closed channel will open, and the selected channel will close.

NOTE

Once a channel is closed, use the or key to manually scan through channels. Also, you can use the NEXT display to view three successive channels simultaneously.

3.6.2 Opening channels

Front panel

Use the front panel CHAN key to open any closed channels as follows:

1. Press the CHAN key. The instrument will display the following menu:

CHANNEL SELECTION

CLOSE-CHANNEL OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS

2. Select OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS, then press ENTER. The closed channel will open immediately.

IEEE-488 bus

Use the :ROUT :OPEN command to open the closed channel. For example, either of the following program statements could be used to open channel 3:

HP BASIC

OUTPUT 716; “:rout:open (@3)”

QuickBASIC 4.5

PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:open (@3)” (You can also use :ROUT:OPEN:ALL or :ROUT:OPEN ALL

to open channels.)

3.7 Scanning channels

Channels are scanned by conﬁguring channels and programming the Model 2001/2002 to perform a scan. The following paragraphs outline step-by-step procedures for performing basic scanning from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.

IEEE-488 bus

Use the :ROUT:CLOSE command to close the desired channel. For example, either of the following program statements could be used to close channel 3.

HP BASIC

OUTPUT 716; “:rout:close (@3)”

QuickBASIC 4.5

PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:close (@3)”

3.7.1 Front panel scanning

Step 1: Conﬁgure channels

Use CONFIG-CHAN to select the measurement functions for each of the scanner channels as follows:

1. Press CONFIG-CHAN. The instrument will display the following menu:

CONFIGURE CHANNELS

INTERNAL-CHANS EXTERNAL-INPUTS

3-9

Operation

2. Select INTERNAL-CHANS, then press ENTER. The multimeter will display the following menu:

SET INTERNAL CHANS

1=DCV 2=DCV 3=DCV 4=DCV 5=DCV

3. Using the cursor keys, select the desired channel (press the right cursor key to display channels 6 through 10).

4. Using the range keys, select the desired measurement function: DCV, ACV, Ω2W, Ω4W, FRQ, TMP, JN1JN5, ALT, --- (None).

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each of the channels you wish to scan. NOTE: Select --- (none) to omit a channel from the scan list.

6. After selecting all measurement functions, press ENTER.

7. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

Step 2: Conﬁgure and start scan

Conﬁgure the scan as follows:

1. Press CONFIG-SCAN. The Model 2001/2002 will display the following:

HP BASIC

OUTPUT 716; “:rout:scan:int:func (@2), ‘volt:dc’” OUTPUT 716; “:rout:scan:int:func (@3), ‘volt:ac’” OUTPUT 716; “:rout:scan:int:func (@6), ‘res’”

QuickBASIC 4.5

PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:scan:int:func (@2), ‘volt:dc’” PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:scan:int:func (@3), ‘volt:ac’” PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:scan:int:func (@6), ‘res’”

If you wish to use the same function (for example DCV) on all three channels, either of the following commands can be used:

HP BASIC

OUTPUT 716; “:rout:scan:int:func (@2,3,6), ‘volt:dc’”

QuickBASIC 4.5

PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:scan: int:func (@2,3,6),volt:dc’”

Step 2: Program internal scan list and start scan

SCAN OPERATION

INTERNAL EXTERNAL RATIO DELTA

2. Select INTERNAL, then press ENTER.

3. Press SCAN, and follow the prompts to conﬁgure scanning. See paragraph 3.4.4 for details.

3.7.2 IEEE-488 bus scanning

Step 1: Program channel functions

Use :ROUT:SCAN:INT:FUNC to program functions for the selected channels. For example, assume that you want to measure DC volts on channel 2, AC volts on channel 3, and 2-wire resistance on channel 6. The commands are as follows:

Use the :ROUT:SCAN:INT command to program a scan list (channels you wish to scan). For example, assume that you wish to scan channels 2, 3, and 6. This scan list can be programmed using either of the following commands:

HP BASIC

OUTPUT 716; “:rout:scan:int (@ 2,3,6)”

QuickBASIC 4.5

PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:scan:int (@2,3,6)”

Scanning will begin immediately when this command is sent. To disable scanning, send the :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE command:

HP BASIC

OUTPUT 716; “:rout:scan:lsel none”

QuickBASIC 4.5

PRINT #1, “output 16; :rout:scan:lsel none”

3-10

Operation

3.8 Temperature measurements

The following paragraphs discuss using the Model 2001TCSCAN for making temperature measurements using thermocouples and RTD probes.

3.8.1 Thermocouple temperature measurements

The Model 2001-TCSCAN can be used to make temperature measurements with the following thermocouple types: J, K, T , E, R, S, B. Measurements can be made either by automatic scanning, or by manually closing speciﬁc channels. The following paragraphs outline the procedures for making thermocouple temperature measurements using both of these methods. For more detailed information on temperature measurements in general, refer to the Model 2001/2002 Operator’s manual.

■ Thermocouple scanning

Follow the steps below to automatically scan through thermocouples and make temperature measurements.

4. Choose THERMOCOUPLE-TYPE, then press ENTER. The list of supported thermocouple types will be displayed:

THERMOCOUPLE TYPE

JKTERSB

5. Select the thermocouple type to match those you are using, then press ENTER. Select REF-JUNCTIONS on the displayed menu, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following:

CONFIGURE REFJCNS

JCN1 JCN2 JCN3 JCN4 JCN5

6. Select the desired reference junction (for example, JCN1), then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message:

REFERENCE JUNCTION#1

CONFIGURE ACQUIRE-REF-TEMP

7. Select CONFIGURE, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

Step 1: Connect thermocouples

Connect your thermocouples to the scanner input connectors using the general scheme shown in Figure 2-5 in Section 2.

Step 2: Select thermocouple type and reference junction

parameters

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-TEMP. The instrument will display the following:

CONFIG TEMPERATURE

SENSOR UNITS SPEED FILTER RESLN

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

TEMP SENSOR TYPE

4-WIRE-RTD RTD THERMOCOUPLE

3. Select THERMOCOUPLE, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will then display the thermocouple setup menu:

CONFIGURE REFJCN#1

SIMULATED-TEMP REAL-JUNCTION

8. Select REAL-JUNCTION, then press ENTER. The instrument will prompt you to enter the reference junction coefﬁcient:

REFJCN#1=+00.20mV/°C

9. If necessary, set the displayed value to +200µV/°C (+0.20mV/°C), then press ENTER. The unit will then prompt you for the reference offset:

OFFSET1=+54.63mV@0°C

10. If necessary, set the offset to +54.63mV @ 0°C, then

press ENTER.

11. Press EXIT as necessary to return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu, then select your UNITS, SPEED, FILTER, and RESLN, as required.

12. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

THERMOCOUPLE SETUP

THERMOCOUPLE-TYPE REF-JUNCTIONS

3-11

Operation

Step 3: Conﬁgure channels

1. Press CONFIG-CHAN, select INTERNAL-CHANS, then press ENTER. The display will appear as follows:

SET INTERNAL CHANS

1=DCV 2=DCV 3= DCV 4=DCV 5=DCV

2. Using the range and cursor keys, set the channel functions as follows:

Channel 1: JN1 (or JN2-JN5 if using those junctions)

Channels 2-10: TMP for thermocouple channels, --- for unused channels, or other valid function if used.

3. After setting all channel functions, press ENTER to return to normal display.

Step 4: Conﬁgure and scan channels

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-SCAN. The instrument will display the following:

SCAN OPERATION

INTERNAL EXTERNAL RATIO DELTA

Step 1: Connect Thermocouples

Connect your thermocouples to the desired channels, as covered in Figure 2-5, Section 2.

Step 2: Acquire reference junction temperature

1. Press the TEMP key to place the instrument in the temperature measurement mode.

2. Press CHAN. The unit will display the following:

CHANNEL SELECTION

CLOSE-CHANNEL OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS

3. Select CLOSE-CHANNEL, then press ENTER. The display will appear as follows:

ENTER CHAN#01 (1-10)

4. If necessary, use the range and cursor keys to select channel 1 (reference junction channel), then press ENTER. The unit will return to normal display, and it should indicate that channel 1 is closed.

5. Press CONFIG-TEMP. The Model 2001/2002 will display the following message:

2. Select INTERNAL, then press ENTER.

3. Press SCAN, then follow the prompts to begin scanning. See paragraph 3.4.4 for details.

■ Manual temperature measurements

In addition to scanning through channels to make temperature measurements, you can also make such measurements manually. In order to do so, you must ﬁrst acquire the reference junction temperature and then manually close or scan through thermocouple channels. Note that the reference junction acquisition process should be repeated often, particularly if the ambient temperature changes; otherwise, temperature reading accuracy will be reduced.

NOTE

If you attempt to measure thermocouple temperature before acquiring the reference junction, the front panel “ERR” annunciator will indicate that an error has occurred.

CONFIG TEMPERATURE

SENSOR UNITS SPEED FILTER RESOLN

6. Choose SENSOR, then press ENTER. The unit will display the sensor type menu:

TEMP SENSOR TYPE

4-WIRE-RTD RTD THERMOCOUPLE

7. Select THERMOCOUPLE, then press ENTER. The thermocouple setup menu will be displayed:

THERMOCOUPLE SETUP

THERMOCOUPLE-TYPE REF-JUNCTIONS

8. Select THERMOCOUPLE-TYPE, then press ENTER. Select your thermocouple type as outlined above. Select REF-JUNCTIONS, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

CONFIGURE REFJCNS

JCN1 JCN2 JCN3 JCN4 JCN5

3-12

Operation

9. Choose JCN1, then press ENTER. The selection menu below will be displayed:

REFERENCE JUNCTION#1

CONFIGURE ACQUIRE-REF-TEMP

10. Select ACQUIRE-REF-TEMP, then press ENTER. The reference junction temperature has now been acquired.

11. Press EXIT as necessary to return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu, then select the UNITS, SPEED, FILTER, and RESLN, as required.

12. Press EXIT to return to normal display after completing temperature conﬁguration.

Step 3: Close channels and display temperature

Close the desired channel (2-10) to display the temperature for that channel. Use the CHAN key and CLOSE-CHANNEL menu selection to close a speciﬁc channel. Once a channel is closed, you can manually scan through channels using the and keys. Keep in mind that the reference junction temperature should be acquired often to assure measurement accuracy, especially if the ambient temperature changes. Remember that the TEMP function must be selected, and channel 1 must be closed to acquire the reference junction temperature.

Do not use channels 5 and 10 for 2-wire probes because of the higher path resistance of these channels.

Step 2: Select sensor type and units

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-TEMP. The instrument will display the following:

CONFIG TEMPERATURE

SENSOR UNITS SPEED FILTER RESLN

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

TEMP SENSOR TYPE

RTD 4-WIRE-RTD THERMOCOUPLE

3. Select RTD or 4-WIRE-RTD as appropriate for the sensor type you are using, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

SET RTD TYPE

PT385 PT3916 USER-RTD

4. Select the RTD type from among the displayed types, then press ENTER.

5. Select UNITS, then press ENTER. The unit will display the following selections:

3.8.2 RTD temperature measurements

The following paragraphs outline the procedures for making temperature measurements from the front panel using the scanner. F or more detailed information on temperature measurements in general, refer to the Model 2001/2002 Operator’s manual.

Step 1: Connect RTD probes

Connect RTD probes to the scanner using the basic resistance connections outlined in Section 2. For 4-wire probes, pair the connections as follows:

• Channels 2 and 7: probe #1

• Channels 3 and 8: probe #2

• Channels 4 and 9: probe #3

• Channels 5 and 10: probe #4

SET TEMP UNITS

DEG-C DEG-F K

6. Choose the type of temperature units you desire to use: °C, °F, or K, then press ENTER.

7. Before exiting the temperature conﬁguration menu, select speed, ﬁlter, and resolution operating modes, if desired.

8. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

Step 3: Conﬁgure channels

1. Press CONFIG-CHAN. The instrument will display the following:

CONFIGURE CHANNELS

INTERNAL-CHANS EXTERNAL-INPUTS

3-13

Operation

2. Select INTERNAL-CHANS. The Model 2001/2002 will display the following:

SET INTERNAL CHANS

1=DCV 2=DCV 3=DCV 4=DCV 5=DCV

3. Use the cursor and range keys to select channels and functions. Set the function type to TMP for all channels connected to RTD probes. Select --- (none) for channels with no connections.

4. Press ENTER to return to normal display.

Step 4: Conﬁgure scan and scan channels

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-SCAN. The instrument will display the following:

SCAN OPERATION

INTERNAL EXTERNAL RATIO DELTA

2. Select INTERNAL, then press ENTER.

3. Press SCAN, then follow the prompts. See paragraph

3.4.4 for details.

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER. The unit will display the following:

TEMP SENSOR TYPE

4-WIRE-RTD RTD THERMOCOUPLE

3. Select 4-WIRE-RTD or RTD as appropriate, then press ENTER. The instrument will then prompt for R TD type:

SET RTD TYPE

PT385 PT3916 USER-RTD

4. Choose the appropriate RTD type, then press ENTER.

5. Choose the desired UNITS, SPEED, FILTER, and RESLN for the RTD measurements.

6. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

7. Press TEMP to select the temperature function.

8. Press CONFIG-CHAN. The Model 2001/2002 will display the following:

CONFIGURE CHANNELS

INTERNAL-CHANS EXTERNAL-INPUTS

SAVE-ALT-FCN RESTORE-ALT-FCN

3.8.3 Using RTD and thermocouple sensors together

RTD and thermocouple sensors can be used together with the scanner. T o do so, setup the TMP function for one type of temperature sensor, and conﬁgure the ALT function for the other type of temperature sensor. In the e xample belo w, the thermocouple sensor type is assigned to the TMP function, and the RTD temperature sensor is assigned to the ALT function.

Step 1: Connect temperature sensors

Connect your RTD probes and thermocouples to the scanner input connectors using the general scheme shown in Section

2. Be sure to use the appropriate 2-wire or 4-wire connec-

tions for the RTD probes. (Do not use channels 5 and 10 for 2-wire probes because of the higher path resistance of these two channels.)

Step 2: Assign RTD sensor type to the ALT function

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-TEMP. The model will display the following:

9. Select SAVE-ALT-FCN, then press ENTER. The unit will inform you that the temperature function has been saved as the alternate function:

TMP settings saved

as the ALT function

10. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

Step 3: Select thermocouple type and reference junction

parameters

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-TEMP. The instrument will display the following:

CONFIG TEMPERATURE

SENSOR UNITS SPEED FILTER RESLN

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER. The unit will display the following:

TEMP SENSOR TYPE

4-WIRE-RTD RTD THERMOCOUPLE

CONFIG TEMPERATURE

SENSOR UNITS SPEED FILTER RESLN

3-14

Operation

3. Select THERMOCOUPLE, then press ENTER. The Model 2001/2002 will then display the thermocouple setup menu:

THERMOCOUPLE SETUP

THERMOCOUPLE-TYPE REF-JUNCTIONS

4. Choose THERMOCOUPLE-TYPE, then press ENTER. The list of supported thermocouple types will be displayed:

THERMOCOUPLE TYPE

JKTERSB

5. Select the thermocouple type to match those you are using, then press ENTER. Select REF-JUNCTIONS on the displayed menu, then press ENTER. The Model 2001/2002 will display the following:

CONFIGURE REFJCNS

JCN1 JCN2 JCN3 JCN4 JCN5

6. Select the desired reference junction (for example, JCN1), then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message:

11. Press EXIT as necessary to return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu, then select your UNITS, SPEED, FILTER, and RESLN, as required.

12. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

Step 4: Conﬁgure channels

1. Press CONFIG-CHAN. The display will appear as follows:

SCAN OPERATION

1=DCV 2=DCV 3-DCV 4=DCV 5=DCV

2. Using the range and cursor keys, set the channel functions as follows:

Channel 1: JCN1 (or JCN2-JCN5 if using those

junctions)

Channels 2-10: TMP for thermocouple channels, ALT

for RTD channels, --- for unused channels, or other valid function if used.

3. After setting all channel functions, press ENTER to return to normal display.

REFERENCE JUNCTION#1

CONFIGURE ACQUIRE-REF-TEMP

7. Select CONFIGURE, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

CONFIGURE REFJCN1

SIMULATED-TEMP REAL-JUNCTION

8. Select REAL-JUNCTION, then press ENTER. The instrument will prompt you to enter the reference junction coefﬁcient:

REFJCN#1=+00.20mV/°C

9. If necessary, set the displayed value to +200µV/°C (+0.20mV/°C), then press ENTER. The unit will then prompt you for the reference offset:

REFJCN#1=+54.63mV@°C

10. If necessary, set the offset to +54.63mV @ 0°C, then

press ENTER.

Step 5: Conﬁgure and scan channels

1. From normal display, press CONFIG-SCAN. The instrument will display the following:

SCAN OPERATION

INTERNAL EXTERNAL RATIO DELTA

2. Select INTERNAL, then press ENTER.

3. Press SCAN, then follow the prompts to begin scanning. See paragraph 3.4.4 for details.

3.8.4 IEEE-488 programming example (temperature measurements)

A programming example to scan channels is provided to demonstrate how to perform temperature measurements using the Model 2001-TCSCAN card.

3-15

Operation

The program is written in Microsoft QuickBASIC 4.5 using the Keithley KPC-488.2 (or Capital Equipment Corporation) IEEE interface and the HP-style Universal Language Driver (CECHP). Note that before the program can be run, the Universal Language Driver must ﬁrst be installed. To install the driver, enter cechp at the DOS prompt.

If the CECHP command is in your AUTOEXEC.BAT ﬁle, the driver will automatically be installed each time you turn on your computer.

■ Open drivers and set terminator

The following program statements are required at the beginning of the program. They open the dri v er ﬁles and set the input terminator for CRLF.

OPEN ‘‘ieee’’ FOR OUTPUT AS #1 OPEN ‘‘ieee’’ FOR INPUT AS #2 PRINT #1, ‘‘interm crlf’’

‘Comments

1 Returns the instrument to the *RST default

conditions.

2 Selects the TEMP function.

3 through 5 Conﬁgures instrument for type K thermo-

couple temperature measurements using ˚F units.

6 Selects the REAL reference junction type.

The *RST command (line 1) sets the real reference junction coefﬁcient to 0.20m V/˚C and sets the reference offest to 54.63mV @0˚C.

7 and 8 Selects channel 1 for the reference junction

and channels 2 through 6 for temperature measurements.

9 through 11 Acquires the reference junction temperature

(channel 1).

■ Configure and perform automatic scanning

Add the following statements to the program to conﬁgure and perform two scans of ﬁve channels (2 through 6):

■ Configure temperature measurements

After opening the drivers and setting the terminator, add the following program statements to conﬁgure the Model 2001/ 2002 to make Type K thermocouple temperature measurements:

‘Comments PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; *rst’’ ‘1 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; func ‘temp’’’ ‘2 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; temp:tran tc’’ ‘3 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; temp:tc:type k’’ ‘4 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; unit:temp f’’ ‘5

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; temp:rjun:rsel real’’ ‘6 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; rout:scan:func ‘7

(@1), ‘rjun1’’’

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; rout:scan:func ‘8

(@2:6), ‘temp’’’

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; rout:clos (@1)’’ ‘9 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; temp:rjun1:acq’’ ‘10 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; rout:open:all’’ ‘11

‘Comments PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trig:coun 10’’ ‘12 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trig:sour tim’’ ‘13 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trig:tim 0.5’’ ‘14

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; rout:scan (@2:6)’’ ‘15 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; rout:scan:lsel int’’ ‘16

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trac:poin:auto on’’ ‘17 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trac:feed sens’’ ‘18 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trac:feed:cont next’’ ‘19 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; form:elem read, ‘20

chan, unit’’

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; init’’ ‘21 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; trac:data?’’ ‘22 PRINT #1, ‘‘enter 16’’ ‘23 LINE INPUT #2, A$ ‘24 PRINT A$ ‘25 END

3-16

Operation

‘Comments

12 Sets trigger count to 10 (two scans of ﬁve

channels).

13 and 14 Selects Timer and sets it for 0.5 seconds.

This is the delay period between scanned channels.

15 Conﬁgures the scan list for channels 1

through 6.

16 Selects internal scanning.

17 through 19 Conﬁgures buffer to store 10 temperature

readings.

20 Includes channel number and temperature

units with readings over the bus.

21 Starts scanning operation.

22 through 25 After the two scans are ﬁnished, the 10

temperature readings are sent to the computer where they are displayed.

■ Open and close channels

Manual scanning can be performed by using the following programming statements to open and close channels. The following statements assume that the previous scanning program has been run. Remember that the timer was set to

0.5 seconds. Therefore, once a temperature measurement channel is closed, the temperature readings will update at that rate.

NOTE

The reference junction temperature (channel 1) needs to be acquired often to assure accurate temperature measurements.

‘Comments PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; init:cont on’’ ‘1 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; :rout:clos (@1)’’ ‘2 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; temp:rjun1:acq’’ ‘3 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; :rout:clos (@ 3)’’ ‘4 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 16; :rout:open:all’’ ‘5

‘Comments

1 Enables continuous initiation.

2 and 3 Closes channel 1 and acquires the reference

junction temperature.

4 Opens channel 1 and closes channel 3. The

temperature reading for channel 3 is displayed.

5 Opens channel 3.

3-17

Operation

3.9 Basic front panel operation

Paragraphs 3.9 through 3.11 provide information on scanner card operation using the Models 2000 and 2010 DMMs. Models 2001 and 2002 DMM operation is covered in paragraph 3.4 through 3.8

Figure 3-2 shows the front panel of the Models 2000 and 2010. Controls that affect Model 2001-TCSCAN operation include:

• and — Lets you manually step through consecutive internal card channels.

• OPEN and CLOSE — Lets you selectively open and close internal card channels.

• SHIFT -CONFIG — Use to conﬁgure stepping/scanning.

• STEP — Starts a stepping operation of consecutive channels, where the output triggers are sent after every channel closure.

• SCAN — Starts a scanning operation of consecutive channels, where an output trigger is sent at the end of the scan list.

• SHIFT-HALT — Stops stepping or scanning and restores the trigger model to a non-scanning mode.

3.9.1 Conﬁgure stepping and scanning

The SHIFT-CONFIG key combination lets you:

• Select the step/scan type (internal or external).

• Set the step/scan list length by specifying the ﬁrst and last channels in the step/scan.

• Specify the time period between stepped channels and scans.

• Specify the number of readings to store in the buffer (reading count).

Perform the following steps to conﬁgure stepping or scanning:

1. Press SHIFT and then CONFIG to access the step/scan conﬁguration.

2. Select INTernal scan by using the and keys and pressing ENTER.

SHIFT

CONFIG

OPEN CLOSE

OPEN and CLOSE

• Open channel

• Close channel

STEP

• Start stepping operation

SHIFT-CONFIG

• Select internal or external scanning

• Select first and last channels in the scan list

• Set time between stepped channels or scans

• Set number of readings to store in buffer

STEP SCAN

Figure 3-2

Models 2000 and 2010 front panel scanner controls

HALT

and

• Manually step through channels

SCAN

• Start scanning operation

SHIFT-HALT

• Stop stepping or scanning operation

TEMP

• Enable temperature measurements

3-18

Operation

3. Set the step/scan list length:

• Select the ﬁrst channel in the step/scan list (MINimum CHANnel) by using the and keys and pressing ENTER.

• Select the last channel in the step/scan list (MAXimum CHANnel) and press ENTER. Step/scan list length = (MAX CHAN - MIN CHAN) + 1.

4. The next selection conﬁgures the timer (this is the T imer control source in the trigger model). With the timer disabled (OFF), the time period between each stepped or scanned channel depends on how the trigger model Delay is conﬁgured.

When stepping, the Timer determines the time period between stepped channels. Note that if the trigger model Delay period is larger than the Timer period, the Delay period will instead be in effect.

When scanning, the Timer determines the time period between scans. It has no effect on the time period between each scanned channel. For example, assume that the instrument is conﬁgured to perform two scans and the Timer is set for 10 minutes. The ﬁrst scan will start when the SCAN key is pressed. The second scan will start 10 minutes after the completion of the ﬁrst scan. The time period between each scanned channel is determined by the trigger model Delay.

After enabling the timer (ON), the Model 2000/2010 prompts for a time period:

through the 10 channels, the stepping process wraps back to the ﬁrst channel and continues until channel 5 is stepped. The readings for the 15 stepped channels are stored in the buffer.

• Scanning — The reading count determines the number

of scans to be performed. If the reading count number is not a multiple of the scan list length, then an additional scan will be performed to accommodate the extra channel(s). For example, assume that the scan list length is 10 and the reading count is 25. Three scans will be performed to acquire the 25 readings. Even though 30 channels will be scanned, only 25 readings will be stored in the buffer.

6. Press ENTER to return to the normal display.

The present trigger model Delay setting may have an effect on time periods for stepping and scanning. When stepping, the trigger model Delay will be in effect if its time period is larger than the Timer period. Otherwise, the Timer determines the time delay between stepped channels. When scanning, the Delay determines the time period between scanned channels. Delay has no effect on the time between scans, which is determined by the Timer.

The trigger model Delay is set by pressing SHIFT and then DELAY. With AUTO Delay selected, the nominal delay period is only long enough to let the relays settle. With MANual Delay selected, you can manually specify the Delay (up to 99H:99M:99.999S).

00H:00M:00.000S

Use the , , , and keys to select a time period and press ENTER.

5. Next, you are prompted for a reading count (RDG CNT). The reading count determines how many channels are stepped/scanned and how many readings are stored in the buffer. This can be less than, equal to, or greater than the step/scan list length (up to 1024).

• Stepping — The reading count speciﬁes the number of

channels stepped. For example, assume the step list length is 10 and the reading count is 15. After stepping

3.9.2 Open and close channels

and keys — These keys can be used to manually scan

through channels on the internal scanner card. With a scanner card installed in the option slot, press the key to manually increment channels, or the key to manually decrement channels. The annunciator of the closed channel is lit. Hold down either key to manually scan through channels continuously. Press OPEN to open all channels. Remember that channel 1 is the reference junction.

3-19

Operation

OPEN and CLOSE keys — These keys also control channels on the internal scanner card. The keys let you directly:

• Close a speciﬁc channel (or channel pair for 4-wire conﬁguration).

• Immediately open any closed channel (or channel pair for 4-wire conﬁguration).

With a scanner card installed in the option slot, the following prompt is displayed when the close key is pressed:

CLOSE CHAN:01

Use the , , , and keys to display the desired channel (1 to 10) and press ENTER. The annunciator of the closed channel will be displayed on the front panel along with normal readings. Selecting a different channel from the one presently closed will cause the closed channel to open and allow a settling time before closing the selected channel. Remember that channel 1 is the reference junction.

3.9.3 Start stepping or scanning

The STEP key is used to start the stepping process. When STEPping, an output trigger is sent after each channel is closed. Stepping will stop after the last reading count (RDG CNT) channel closes.

The SCAN key is used to start the scanning process. When SCANning, an output trigger is sent at the end of the scan list. Thus, if 3 scans are performed, 3 output triggers will occur. The speciﬁed reading count (RDG CNT) determines the number of scans performed. The instrument will perform enough scans to accommodate the speciﬁed reading count (RDG CNT). Scanning will stop after the last scan list channel (of the last scan) closes.

NOTE

When ﬁnished, press SHIFT and then HALT to exit from the STEP/SCAN mode.

Channel relays will be closed according to the presently selected function. If a 4-wire function is selected, both the selected channel relay and the matching pair relay will be closed. Valid 4-pole channel pairs are:

• 2 and 7

• 3 and 8

• 4 and 9

• 5 and 10

CAUTION

Do not use channel pair 1 and 6. Channel 1 is the temperature reference junction. Applying a signal to channel 6 could damage the reference junction.

Pressing OPEN will immediately open any closed scanner card channel or channel pair for a 4-wire function.

3.10 Temperature measurements

The following paragraphs explain how to make temperature measurements from the front panel using the Model 2001TCSCAN installed in the Model 2000/2010. Measurements can be made by either automatic stepping/scanning or by manually closing speciﬁc channels. Sensors that can be used for temperature measurements include:

• Model 2000: Thermocouples types - J, K, or T

• Model 2010: Thermocouple types - J, K, T, or N RTD types - PT100, USER, PT3916, PT385, F100, or D100

NOTE

The Model 2000 can only use thermocouples to make temperature measurements.

3-20

Operation

3.10.1 Temperature measurement conﬁguration

Use the following menu structure to conﬁgure the Model 2000/2010 for temperature measurements.

Press SHIFT and then TEMP. The following choices are available using the and keys:

• UNITS — C, K, or F (Centigrade, Kelvin, Fahrenheit). Use to select the displayed units for temperature measurements.

• SENSOR (Model 2010 only) — TCOUPLE or 4WRTD (sensor type). Use to select the sensor type for the Model 2010.

• TYPE — Use to specify the sensor that you are using: Model 2000 - J, K, or T (thermocouple type). Model 2010 - J, K, T, or N (thermocouple type) or PT100, USER, PT3916, PT385, F100 or D100 (4WRTD type).

• JUNC — SIM or CH1 (simulated or referenced to channel 1). Select CH1 to reference measurements to the reference junction of the Model 2001-TCSCAN card.

3.10.2 Temperature measurement procedure

Perform the following steps to perform temperature measurements:

Step 2: Conﬁgure temperature measurements

As previously explained (see ‘‘Temperature measurement conﬁguration’ ’), conﬁgure the Model 2000/2010 for temperature measurements.

Step 3: Conﬁgure stepping/scanning

As explained in paragraph 3.9, conﬁgure the Model 2000/ 2010 for internal stepping/scanning. From the SHIFT/CONFIG menu structure, you can also modify the step/scan list, specify the time between stepped channels and scans, and set the reading count.

Step 4: Step or scan channels

Manual stepping — Use the and keys to manually step through channels on the Model 2001-TCSCAN card. The OPEN and CLOSE keys can also be used to control channels. See ‘‘Open and close channels’’ in paragraph 3-9 for details on manually stepping through channels.

Automatic stepping/scanning — The STEP key is used to start automatic stepping, and the SCAN key is used to start automatic scanning. When STEPping, an output trigger is sent after each channel is closed. When SCANning, an output trigger is sent at the end of the scan list.

Step 5: Stop automatic stepping/scanning

Step 1: Connect sensors

Thermocouples — Connect the thermocouples to the scanner input connectors using the scheme shown in Figure 2-5 in Section 2.

RTDs (Model 2010 only) — If using RTD probes, connect them to the scanner using the basic resistance connection schemes provided in Section 2. For 4-wire probes, pair the connections as follows:

• Channels 2 and 7: probe #1

• Channels 3 and 8: probe #2

• Channels 4 and 9: probe #3

• Channels 5 and 10: probe #4

Do not use channels 5 and 10 for 2-wire probes because of the higher path resistance of these channels.

When ﬁnished, exit from the stepping/scanning mode by pressing SHIFT and then HALT.

3.11 Remote operation

Tables 3-2 and 3-3 summarize commands typically used for scanning and temperature measurements over the IEEE-488 bus and the RS-232 Interface. The commands in Table 3-2 apply to both the Model 2000 and the Model 2010, while the additional commands for the TEMP function in T able 3-3 apply only to the Model 2010. For more detailed information on these and other bus commands, refer to the Model 2000 or 2010 User's Manual.

3-21

Operation

Table 3-2

Summary of SCPI commands (Models 2000 and 2010)

Command Description FORMat command summary

:FORMat

:ELEMents <item list>

Command to specify data elements to send over the bus.

Specify data elements (READing, CHANnel, UNITs).

ROUTe command summary

:ROUTe

:CLOSe <list>

:STATe? :OPEN:ALL :MULTiple

:CLOSe <list>

:STATe?

:OPEN <list> :SCAN

[:INTernal] <list>

:LSELect <name>

Commands to control scanner card:

Close speciﬁed channel (or channel pair).

Query closed channel (or channel pair). Open all channels. Path to close and open multiple channels:

Close speciﬁed channels.

Query closed channels.

Open speciﬁed channels. Path to scan channels.

Conﬁgure internal scan list.

Select scan list (INTernal, EXTernal, or NONE) and start scan.

SENSe command summary

[SENSe[1]]

:TEMPerature

:TCouple

:TYPE <name> :RJUNction

:RSELect <name> :SIMulated <n> :REAL

:TCOefﬁcient <n> :OFFSet <n>

Sense subsystem.

Path to conﬁgure temperature measurements:

Conﬁgure thermocouple sensor:

Select thermocouple type (J, K, T (also N for Model 2010)). Conﬁgure reference junction:

Select reference type (SIMulated or REAL). Specify simulated temperature in °C (0 to 50). Conﬁgure real reference junction:

Specify temp coefﬁcient (-0.09999 to 0.09999). Specify voltage coefﬁcient at 0°C (-0.09999 to 0.09999).

TRACe command summary

:TRACe

:POINts <NRf> :FEED <name>

:CONTrol <name>

:DATA?

Commands to conﬁgure buffer:

Specify buffer size (2 to 1024). Select source of readings (SENSe[1], CALCulate[1], NONE).

Select buffer control mode (NEVer or NEXT). Read all readings in buffer.

Trigger command summary

:INITiate

[:IMMediate] :CONTinuous <b>

Initiation commands:

Initiate one trigger cycle. Enable or disable continuous initiation.

:TRIGger

:COUNt <n> :DELay <n>

:AUTO <b> :SOURce <name> :TIMer <n>

UNITs command summary

:UNIT

:TEMPerature <name>

3-22

Trigger layer commands:

Specify total number of channels to scan (1 to 9999). Set delay between scanned channels (0 to 999999.999 sec).

Enable or disable auto delay. Select control source (IMMediate, TIMer, MANual, B US, EXTernal). Set timer interval (0 to 999999.999 sec).

Command to select temperature units:

Select temperature measurement units (C, F, or K).

Table 3-3

Additional SCPI commands for the Model 2010

Command Description

SENSe command summary:

[:SENSe[1]]

:TEMPerature

Commands to select transducer type and conﬁgure RTD

temperature measurements: :TRANsducer <name> :FRTD

:TYPE <name>

Select transducer type: Conﬁgure RTD temperature measurements:

Select RTD sensor type (PT100, D100, F100, PT3916, PT385,

or USER). :RZERo <NRf> :ALPHa <NRf> :BETA <NRf> :DELTa <NRf>

Specify constant for USER type (0 to 10000).

Specify constant for USER type (0 to 0.01).

Specify constant for USER type (0 to 1.00).

Specify constant for USER type (0 to 5.00).

Operation

3.11.1 IEEE-488 programming example (temperature measurements)

The following programming example is provided to demonstrate how to perform temperature measurements using the Model 2001-TCSCAN card.

It is written in Microsoft QuickBASIC 4.5 using the Keithle y KPC-488.2 (or Capital Equipment Corporation) IEEE interface and the HP-style Universal Language Dri ver (CECHP). Note that before the programming example can be run, the Universal Language Driver must ﬁrst be installed. To install the driver from the DOS prompt, enter the cechp command.

If the CECHP command is in your AUTOEXEC.BAT ﬁle, the driver will automatically be installed each time you turn on your computer.

■ Open drivers and set terminator

The following program statements are required at the beginning of the program. They open the driv er ﬁles and set the input terminator for CRLF.

OPEN ‘‘ieee’’ FOR OUTPUT AS #1 OPEN ‘‘ieee’’ FOR INPUT AS #2 PRINT #1, ‘‘interm crlf’’

■ Configure temperature measurements

After opening the drivers and setting the terminator, add the following program statements to conﬁgure the Model 2000/ 2010 to make Type K thermocouple temperature measurements:

‘Comments

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; *rst’’ ‘1 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; func ‘temp’’’ ‘2 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; unit:temp f’’ ‘3 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; temp:tc:type k’’ ‘4 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; temp:tc:rjun:rsel real’’ ‘5

‘Comments 1 Returns the instrument to the *RST default

conditions. For the Model 2010, this command selects the thermocouple trans

ducer type. 2 Selects the TEMP function. 3 Selects ˚F temperature measurement units. 4 Selects type K thermocouple. 5 Selects the REAL reference junction type.

The *RST command (line 1) sets the real

reference junction coefﬁcient to 0.20mV/˚C

and sets the reference offset to 54.63mV @

0˚C.

3-23

Operation

■ Configure and perform automatic scanning

Remote scanning resembles front panel stepping rather than front panel scanning. For this reason, the front panel STEP annunciator is on for remote scanning.

• A trigger is output after every channel is scanned and measured.

• The time period between scanned channels can be set using the trigger model Timer or the trigger model Delay. When using the Timer, the larger of the time periods (Timer or Delay) is in effect for scanning.

Add the following statements to the program to conﬁgure and perform two scans of six channels.

NOTE

Channel 1 is included in the scan list because the reference junction temperature needs to be acquired to assure measurement accuracy for the temperature measurement channels (2 through 6).

‘Comments

6 Disables continuous intiation. 7 Sets trigger count to 12 (2 scans of 6

channels).

8 and 9 Selects TIMER and sets it for 0.5 seconds.

This is the delay period between scanned channels.

10 Conﬁgures the scan list for channels 1

through 6.

11 Selects internal scanning.

12 through 14 Conﬁgures buffer to store 12 temperature

readings.

15 Includes channel number and temperature

units with readings over the bus.

16 Starts scanning operation.

17 through 20 After the 2 scans are ﬁnished, the 12

temperature readings are sent to the

computer where they are displayed. 21 Disables the scanning mode of operation. 22 Opens the last scanned channel (6).

■ Open and close channels

‘Comments

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; init:cont off’’ ‘6 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trig:coun 12’’ ‘7 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trig:sour tim’’ ‘8 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trig:tim 0.5’’ ‘9 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; rout:scan (@1:6) ‘10 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; rout:scan:lsel int’’ ‘11 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trac:poin 12’’ ‘12 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trac:feed sens’’ ‘13 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trac:feed:cont next’’ ‘14 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; form:elem read, ‘15

chan, unit’’ PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; init’’ ‘16 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; trac:data? ‘17 PRINT #1, ‘‘enter 02’’ ‘18 LINE INPUT #2, A$ ‘19 PRINT A$ ‘20 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; rout:scan:lsel none’’ ‘21 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; rout:open:all’’ ‘22 END

Manual scanning can be performed by using the :ROUT e:CLOSe/OPEN commands. The following programming statements used to measure temperature at channel 3 assume the instrument is already conﬁgured to make temperature measurements. The previous programming example conﬁgures the instrument to make type K thermocouple temperature measurements (˚F).

NOTE

Channel 1 (reference junction) needs to be read often to ensure accurate temperature measurements.

‘Comments

PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; :rout:clos (@1)’’ ‘1 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; :rout:clos (@ 3)’’ ‘2 PRINT #1, ‘‘output 02; :rout:open:all’’ ‘3 ‘Comments

1 Closes channel 1 to acquire the reference

junction temperature.

2 Opens channel 1 and closes channel 3. The

temperature for channel 3 is displayed on the instrument.

3 Opens channel 3.

3-24

Operation

Figure 3-3

2-wire resistance test connections

DUTs (7)

Ω

A. Test Configuration

B. Simplified Equivalent Circuit

2001-TCSCAN

DMM 2001-TCSCAN DUT

Out A

3-4, 6-8

DMM

Input HI

Input LO

Note that when a four-wire function is selected (Ω4 or 4W -R TD for the Model 2010), closing a channel (1 through 5) will also close the paired channel. For example, if you close channel 2, channel 7 will also close.

CAUTION

With a 4-wire function selected, do not connect anything to channel 6. In the 4pole mode, channel 1 (which is the reference junction) is paired with channel 6. Therefore, when channel 1 is closed, channel 6 also closes. A pplying a signal to channel 6 could damage the reference junction.

The ROUT e:MULTiple:CLOSe/OPEN commands can also be used to control scanner card channels. As the name implies, you can specify multiple channels to be closed at the same time. Note that channel 11 is the 2-pole/4-pole relay (see Figure 2-1). Closing channel 11 selects the 2-pole operating mode. W ith channel 11 open, the 4-pole mode is selected.

■ 2-wire resistance tests

Figure 3-3 shows a typical test setup for making 2-wire resistance measurements. The Model 2001-TCSCAN card provides the switching function, while the resistance measurements are made by a DMM. Since only 2-pole switching is required for this application, one Model 2001-TCSCAN card can be used to switch up to seven resistors. Note, however, that the 240Ω on resistance of channels 5 and 10 may affect the measurement accuracy of 2-wire resistance measurements made using these channels. Generally, channels 5 and 10 should not be used for 2-wire resistance measurements unless the card is modiﬁed. (See paragraph 4.8 in Section 4.)

Measurement accuracy can be optimized by minimizing residual resistance: make connecting wires as short as possible, and limit the number of connectors to minimize path resistance. Another technique is to short one of the scanner channel inputs, close the shorted channel, and then enable the multimeter REL feature to null out path resistance. Leave REL enabled for the entire test.

CAUTION

When closing multiple channels, make sure that you do not inadvertently connect the reference junction (channel 1) to other channels. A pplying a signal to a channel that is connected to channel 1 could damage the reference junction.

3.12 Typical applications

NOTE

The information in the following paragraphs pertains to the Models 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010.

3.12.1 Resistor testing

The Model 2001-TCSCAN can be used to test up to seven resistors using 2-wire measurements, or up to four resistors using 4-wire measurements. Such tests use the Model 2001 Ω2 and Ω4 resistance functions.

3-25

Operation

■ 4-wire resistance tests

More precise measurements over a wider range of system and DUT conditions can be obtained by using the 4-wire measurement scheme shown in Figure 3-4. Here, separate sense leads from the DMM are routed through the scanner to the resistor under test. The extra set of sense leads minimizes

DMM

Input HI Sense HI

Input LO Sense LO

Out A

Sense HI

Sense LO

Out B

the effects of voltage drops across the test leads, greatly reducing measurement errors with lower DUT resistances. Note, however, that an extra two poles of switching are required for each resistor tested. For this reason, only four resistors can be tested using this conﬁguration.

2001-TCSCAN

DUTs (4)

Figure 3-4

4-wire resistance test connections

Ω

DMM

A. Test Configuration

HI Sense HI

Sense LO LO

2001-TCSCAN

B. Simplified Equivalent Circuit

DUT

3-26

Input HI

Input LO

Out A HI

Operation

2001-TCSCAN

CH 2

CH 3

DMM

Sense HI

Sense LO

Out B HI

CH 4

CH 5

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

CH 9

CH 10

Figure 3-5

Combining 2-pole and 4-pole switching

■ Combining 2-pole and 4-pole switching

The Model 2001-TCSCAN can combine 2- and 4-pole switching in various combinations. For example, you might require 4-pole switching for only two resistors, while the remaining resistors could be tested using conventional 2-pole switching.

DUT's (6)

Figure 3-5 shows a test conﬁguration using mixed 2-pole and 4-pole switching. Four-pole switching is used only for the device connected to channels 2 and 7. Five more resistors are tested using 2-pole switching. In order to use this conﬁguration, conﬁgure the channels for Ω2 and Ω4 functions as appropriate.

3-27

Operation

3.12.2 Resistor temperature coefﬁcient testing

Temperature coefﬁcient is the rate of change of resistance with respect to temperature, typically expressed as ppm/°C (parts per million per degree centrigrade).

For example, a resistor that measures exactly 100Ω at 25°C with a temperature coefﬁcient of 100ppm/°C should not change more than 10mΩ per °C of temperature change. That resistor measured at 35°C should read between 99.900 and

100.100Ω (100Ω±100mΩ).

Temperature coefﬁcient is calculated from the following equation:

∆

R()106()

------------------------- -=

where:

TC = temperature coefﬁcient in ppm/°C ∆R = change in resistance (reference resistance – test re-

sistance) R = actual resistance at the reference temperature ∆T = change in temperature (reference temperature – test

temperature)

R()

∆

T()

T ypically , se veral samples of a particular resistor from a v endor will be tested to verify the speciﬁcations. The temperature coefﬁcient is usually checked at several temperature points to ensure its integrity over a range of temperatures.

Evaluation of resistors can be done with a Model 2001-TCSCAN card in a DMM to make temperature and 4-terminal resistance measurements. Temperature coefﬁcients are calculated with respect to the resistance measurement made at a reference temperature. Thermal EMFs generated by connections in the test circuit are cancelled by the offset-compensated ohms feature of the DMM.

Figure 3-6 shows a system that can test accuracy and temperature coefﬁcient of up to seven resistors that have the same speciﬁcations (resistance and temperature coefﬁcient.)

The thermocouple is connected to channel 2, while a short is connected to channel 3 to allow for offset compensation. The HI terminals of the resistors are connected to channels 3-10, while the LO terminals are connected to the DMM LO terminals.

3-28

Model 2001-TCSCAN

Operation

DMM

Input HI

Sense HI

Sense LO

Input LO

A. Test Configuration

4 - 10

REF JCN

Thermocouple

Short

Source HI

Sense HI

DUT

Sense LO Source LO

t°

DMM

2001-TCSCAN

Figure 3-6

Resistor temperature coefﬁcient testing

Ω

DUT

DMM

B. Simplified Equivalent Circuit

2001-TCSCAN

DUT

3-29

Operation

3.13 Measurement considerations

Many measurements made with the DMM are subject to various effects that can seriously affect low-level measurement accuracy . The follo wing paragraphs discuss these ef fects and ways to minimize them.

3.13.1 Thermocouple measurement error sources

The temperature measurement accuracy speciﬁcation of the Model 2001-TCSCAN is the sum of the following error sources:

• Reference junction sensor error

• Temperature gradient across the card

• Relay offset voltage

• DMM measurement accuracy

• DMM temperature conversion algorithm

You can achieve better card performance by understanding how these error sources contribute to the speciﬁcation.

channels. Adjacent channels will have no more than the following gradient between them:

• Channels 2–6: 0.05°C

• Channels 7–10: 0.07°C

■ Relay offset voltage

The primary source of offset voltage is the contact potential of the relay, typically <500nV. Channels 2–4, 6–9 have the lowest offset (1µV worst case), and channels 5 and 10 have a somewhat higher offset (<2µV). For a type K thermocouple, 1µV offset produces 0.024°C of error.

■ Measurement accuracy

The voltage measurement accuracy and temperature conversion algorithm determine the accuracy of the instrument. The DMM has these parameters combined with scanner card errors. For type K thermocouples, the DMM has 0.7°C accuracy. The Model 2001-TCSCAN card is responsible for no more than 0.48°C of these errors.

■ Reference junction sensor

The primary factor determining reference junction accuracy is the operating temperature. By using the Model 2001TCSCAN in the 18°C to 28°C range, maximum sensor performance is achieved. The Model 2001-TCSCAN may also be used over 0°C to 18°C and 28°C to 50°C with somewhat reduced accuracy. See the speciﬁcations at the front of this manual for details.

■ Temperature gradient

Although the isothermal block minimizes temperature gradients, a temperature gradient develops across the connectors. This gradient contributes to the reference error and is as follows:

• Channels 2–6: 0.22°C

• Channels 7–10: 0.55°C

■ Temperature conversion algorithm

The DMM temperature conversion algorithm will contrib ute

0.07°C of error for a type K thermocouple.

■ Thermocouple wire errors

In most cases, the major source of error is the thermocouple wire. For the standard grade of type K thermocouple wire, the error is 2.2°C or 0.75%, whichever is greater . For the special grade of type K wire, the error is 1.1°C or 0.4% error.

■ Low-temperature accuracy

Model 2001-TCSCAN temperature accuracy speciﬁcations are given down to -100°C. For temperatures from -100.1°C and -200°C using type J, K, T, or E thermocouples, add an additional ±0.1°C of error.

When making relative temperature measurements and not absolute measurements, it is advantageous to use adjacent

3-30

3.13.2 Path isolation

Figure 3-8

Voltage attenuation by path isolation resistance

DUT

PATH

OUT

PATH

DUT

PATH

DUT

OUT

The path isolation is simply the equivalent impedance between any two test paths in a measurement system. Ideally, the path isolation should be inﬁnite, but the actual resistance and distributed capacitance of cables and connectors results in less than inﬁnite path isolation values for these devices.

Path isolation resistance forms a signal path that is in parallel with the equivalent resistance of the DUT, as shown in Figure 3-7. For low-to-medium device resistance values, path isolation resistance is seldom a consideration; however, it can seriously degrade measurement accuracy when testing high-impedance devices. The voltage measured across such a device, for example, can be substantially attenuated by the voltage divider action of the device source resistance and path isolation resistance, as shown in Figure 3-8. Also, leakage currents can be generated through these resistances by voltage sources in the system.

DUT

PATH

Operation

3.13.3 Channel resistance

The on resistance of channels 5 and 10 is approximately <240Ω. For this reason, you should not use channels 5 and 10 for low-to-medium 2-wire resistance measurements (<100kΩ). For example, measuring a 1kΩ resistor using channel 5 or channel 10 will result in an error of more than 25%.

DUT

= Source Resistance of DUT

DUT

= Source EMF of DUT

DUT

= Path Isolation Resistance

PATH

= Input Resistance of Model 2001

Figure 3-7

Path isolation resistance

Scanner

Card

Model 2001

3.13.4 Magnetic ﬁelds

When a conductor cuts through magnetic lines of force, a very small current is generated. This phenomenon will frequently cause unwanted signals to occur in the test leads of a scanning system. If the conductor has sufﬁcient length, even weak magnetic ﬁelds like those of the earth can create sufﬁ- cient signals to affect low-level measurements. Two ways to reduce these effects are: (1) reduce the lengths of the test leads, and (2) minimize the exposed circuit area. In extreme cases, magnetic shielding may be required. Special metal with high permeability at low ﬂux densities (such as mu metal) is effective at reducing these effects.

3-31

Operation

Even when the conductor is stationary , magnetically induced signals may still be a problem. Fields can be produced by various signals such as the AC power line voltage. Large inductors such as power transformers can generate substantial magnetic ﬁelds, so care must be taken to keep the switching and measuring circuits a good distance away from these potential noise sources. At high current levels, even a single conductor can generate signiﬁcant ﬁelds. These effects can be minimized by using twisted pairs, which will cancel out most of the resulting ﬁelds.

3.13.5 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

The electromagnetic interference characteristics of the Models 2000/2001/2002 Multimeters comply with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements of the European Union (EU) directives as denoted by the CE mark. However, it is still possible for sensitive measurements to be affected by external sources. In these instances, special precautions may be required in the test setup.

Sources of EMI include:

• Radio and television /broadcast transmitters.

• Communications transmitters, including cellular

phones and handheld radios.

• Devices incorporating microprocessors and high-

speed digital circuits.

• Impulse sources as in the case of arcing in high-

voltage environments.

The instrument, measurement leads, and other cables should be kept as far away as possible from any EMI sources. Shielding measurement leads and the multimeter may reduce EMI to acceptable levels. In extreme cases, a specially constructed screen room may be required to sufÞciently attenuate troublesome signals.

more than one signal return path such as power line ground. As shown in Figure 3-9, the resulting ground loop causes current to ﬂow through the instrument LO signal leads and then back through power line ground. This circulating current develops a small but undesirable v oltage between the LO terminals of the two instruments. This voltage will be added to the source voltage, affecting the accuracy of the measurement.

Signal Leads

Instrument 1 Instrument 2 Instrument 3

Ground Loop

Current

Power Line Ground

Figure 3-9

Power line ground loops

Figure 3-10 shows how to connect several instruments together to eliminate this type of ground loop problem. Here, only one instrument is connected to power line ground. Ground loops are not normally a problem with instruments having isolated LO terminals. However, all instruments in the test setup may not be designed in this manner. When in doubt, consult the manual for all instrumentation in the test setup.

Many instruments incorporate internal Þltering that may help reduce EMI effects. In some cases, additional external Þltering may be required. Keep in mind, however, that Þltering may have detrimental effects on the measurement.

3.13.6 Ground loops

When two or more instruments are connected together, care must be taken to avoid unwanted signals caused by ground loops. Ground loops usually occur when sensitive instrumentation is connected to other instrumentation with

3-32

Instrument 1 Instrument 2 Instrument 3

Power Line Ground

Figure 3-10

Eliminating ground loops

Operation

3.13.7 Keeping connectors clean

As is the case with any high-resistance device, the integrity of connectors can be compromised if they are not handled properly. If connector insulation becomes contaminated, the insulation resistance will be substantially reduced, affecting high-impedance measurement paths. Oils and salts from the skin can contaminate connector insulators, reducing their resistance. Also, contaminants present in the air can be deposited on the insulator surface. To avoid these problems, never

touch the connector insulating material. In addition, the scanner card should be used only in clean, dry environments to avoid contamination.

If the connector insulators should become contaminated, either by inadvertent touching, or from air-borne deposits, they can be cleaned with a cotton swab dipped in clean methanol. After thoroughly cleaning, they should be allowed to dry for several hours in a low-humidity environment before use, or they can be dried more quickly using dry nitrogen.

3-33

Operation

3-34

Service Information

WARNING

The information in this section is intended only for qualiﬁed service personnel. Some of the procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages that could result in personal injury or death. Do not attempt to perform these procedures unless you are qualiﬁed to do so.

4.1 Introduction

This section contains information necessary to service the Model 2001-TCSCAN scanner card and is arranged as follows:

4.2 Handling and cleaning precautions: Discusses han-

dling precautions and methods to clean the card should it become contaminated.

4.3 Performance veriﬁcation: Covers the procedures

necessary to determine if the scanner card meets stated speciﬁcations.

4.6 Principles of operation: Brieﬂy discusses circuit op-

eration.

4.7 Troubleshooting: Presents some troubleshooting tips

for the Model 2001-TCSCAN including relay replacement precautions.

4.8 Scanner card modiﬁcation: Explains the procedure

for removing the current-limiting resistors in channels 5 and 10.

4.2 Handling and cleaning precautions

Because of the high-impedance areas on the Model 2001TCSCAN, care should be taken when handling or servicing the card to prevent possible contamination. The following precautions should be observed when servicing the card.

4.2.1 Handling precautions

• Handle the card only by the edges and shields.

4.4 Calibration: Describes calibrating the card reference

junction to its speciﬁed accuracy.

4.5 Special handling of static-sensitive devices: Re-

views precautions necessary when handling staticsensitive devices.

• Do not touch any board surfaces or components not associated with the repair.

• Do not touch areas adjacent to electrical contacts.

• When servicing the card, wear clean cotton gloves.

• Do not store or operate the card in an environment where dust could settle on the circuit board.

4-1

Service Information

• Use dry nitrogen gas to clean dust off the board if necessary.

4.2.2 Soldering precautions

Should it become necessary to use solder on the circuit board, observe the following precautions:

• Use an OA-based (organic acti v ated) ﬂux, and take care not to spread the ﬂux to other areas of the circuit board.

• Remove the ﬂux from the work areas when the repair has been completed. Use pure water along with clean cotton swabs or a clean, soft brush to remove the ﬂux.

• Once the ﬂux has been removed, swab only the repaired area with methanol, then blow dry the board with dry nitrogen gas.

• After cleaning, the card should be allowed to dry in a 50 ° C low-humidity environment for several hours before use.

4.3.1 Environmental conditions

All veriﬁcation measurements should be made at an ambient temperature between 18 ° and 28 ° C, and at a relative humidity of less than 70%.

4.3.2 Recommended equipment

T able 4-1 summarizes the equipment needed for performance veriﬁcation and calibration (covered in paragraph 4.4). The Model 2001 DMM is used in the procedures. However, you can also use the Model 2000, 2002, or 2010. If using the Model 2000 or 2010, you may have to alter some procedure steps slightly.

4.3.3 Scanner card connections

Jumper wires or connecting cables can simply be hard-wired directly to the screw terminals of the Model 2001-TCSCAN. Detailed connection information is provided in Section 2.

4.3 Performance veriﬁcation

The following paragraphs discuss performance veriﬁcation procedures for the Model 2001-TCSCAN, including reference junction, path resistance, contact potential, and isolation.

CAUTION

Contamination will degrade the performance of the card. To avoid contamination, always grasp the card by the side edges and covers. Do not touch connector insulators, board surfaces, or components.

NOTE

Failure of any performance veriﬁcation test may indicate that the scanner card is contaminated. See paragraph 4.2 for information on cleaning the card.

4.3.4 Reference junction test

This procedure veriﬁes that the Model 2001-TCSCAN card is operating within its temperature speciﬁcation. The Model 2001 Multimeter is used to close Channel 1 of the card.

A second DMM must be used to make the voltage measurements because the Model 2001 will not meet speciﬁcations with the cover removed.

1. Remove the top shield from the Model 2001-TCSCAN, and install it in the ﬁrst Model 2001. Remove the Model 2001 cover to allow access to the card (see paragraph

4.7.2).

2. Turn on the second Model 2001, and set it to the 200mVDC range. Short the test lead ends together. Zero the multimeter after the thermals have stabilized (one hour if from cold-start).

3. Set up the test equipment as shown in Figure 4-1, and let it warm up one hour. Be sure to protect the card from air drafts. Use a probe with a speciﬁed accuracy of

0.005 ° C. The combination of the probe and reference

thermometer should be accurate to ± 0.03 ° C.

4-2

Table 4-1

Veriﬁcation and calibration equipment

Description Model or part Speciﬁcations Applications

DMM* Keithley Model 2001 20Ω, 72ppm

200kΩ, 90ppm 200mV, 37ppm

Path resistance Calibration Reference junction, calibration

Electrometer w/voltage source Keithley Model 6517 20pA, 200pA; 1.6%

200V source; 0.05%

Offset current, path isolation

Sensitive Digital Voltmeter Keithley Model 182 3mV; 60ppm Contact potential Triax cable (unterminated) Keithley Model 237-

ALG-2 — Offset current

Low thermal cable (unterminated)

Keithley Model 1484 — Contact potential

Thermistor probe Thermometrics Series

CSP A207A

±0.005°C accuracy Reference junction, calibration

Reference thermometer — ±0.01°C w/thermistor Reference junction, calibration Distilled water ice bath

(Dewar ﬂask or Thermos)

— ±0.1°C Calibration

#22 AWG solid copper wire — — Path resistance #22 A WG Teﬂon-insulated

stranded wire

— — Path isolation

* Two DMMs are required for thermistor calibration method and reference junction test.

Service Information

4. Coat the probe with a thermally conductive compound, and insert it into the 0.110” hole marked “CAL” on the Model 2001-TCSCAN printed circuit board.

5. Use the Model 2001 #1 front panel CHAN key to close Channel 1.

6. T ake a reading from the reference thermometer (T

). Use

the following equation to calculate the equivalent reference junction output voltage (V

REF

= (T

REF

+ 273.15) × 0.0002

7. Read the voltage across the output of OUT A (Model 2001 #2). Compare the measured and calculated voltages. If they differ by more than 72 µ V (0.36 ° C), perform the calibration procedure of paragraph 4.4.1.

4-3

Service Information

Reference

Thermometer

Model 2001-TCSCAN installed in

Model 2001#1 (Not shown)

Thermistor

Probe

Input

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Copper Wires

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001 #2

FILTER MATH

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

(Measure DCV)

Figure 4-1

Connections for reference junction test

4.3.5 Path resistance tests

Perform the following steps to verify that the path resistance of each channel is with speciﬁed values.

1. Connect the HI and LO terminals of all nine channel inputs together using #22AWG solid copper jumper wires (see Figure 4-2).

Input

OUT A HI OUT A LO

NOTE

Make sure that all jumper wires are clean and free of oxides.

2. Connect the output cables to OUT A HI and LO, as shown in Figure 4-2.

3. With the power of f, install the scanner card in the Model 2001 Multimeter.

4-4

Service Information

4. Turn on the Model 2001, and allo w it to warm up for one hour before proceeding.

5. Select the Ω 2W function and the 20 Ω range on the Model 2001.

6. Temporarily connect a second set of output leads, identical in length and type to the leads connected to the scanner card output, to the Model 2001 rear panel HI and LO INPUT jacks. Be sure to select the rear panel terminals with the front panel INPUTS switch.

7. Short the free ends of the temporary leads together, and allow the reading to settle. Enable the Model 2001 REL mode after settling, and leave REL enabled for the remainder of the path resistance tests.

8. Disconnect the temporary leads from the multimeter, and connect the output leads from the scanner card to the rear panel HI and LO INPUT jacks (see Figure 4-2).

9. Close channel 2 as follows; A. From normal display, press CHAN. The instrument

will display the following:

CHANNEL SELECTION

CLOSE-CHANNEL OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS

B. Select CLOSE-CHANNEL, then press ENTER.

The Model 2001 will display the following:

ENTER CHAN#01 (1-10)

C. Using the range and cursor keys, select channel 02,

then press ENTER.

D. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

10. Note the resistance reading on the Model 2001. Verify that the reading is <2 Ω .

11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 for channels 3-10. Verify that the path resistance for each channel is as follows:

• Channels 2-4, 6-9: <2 Ω .

• Channels 5 and 10: <252 Ω .

NOTE

12. After completing the tests, turn off the Model 2001 power, remove the scanner card, and remove all jumper wires (leave HI and LO shorted for each channel if you intend to perform contact potential tests).

4.3.6 Contact potential tests

These tests check the EMF (contact potential) generated by each relay contact pair (HI and LO) for each channel. The tests use a sensitive digital voltmeter (Model 182) to measure the contact potential.

Perform the following procedure to check contact potential of each channel.

1. Connect 1” #22AWG copper jumper wires between the HI and LO terminals of each channel input (see Figure 4-3).

2. Connect the Model 182 to OUT A HI and LO using the low-thermal cable (see Figure 4-3).

3. With the power of f, install the scanner card in the Model 2001 Multimeter.

4. Turn on the Model 2001 and the Model 182 Sensitive Digital Voltmeter. Allow the Model 182 to warm up for two hours before measurement.

5. Select the 3mV range on the Model 182.

6. Select the DCV function on the Model 2001.

7. Using the CHAN key, close channel 2 (see paragraph

4.3.5 for procedure).

8. Verify that the Model 182 reading is <1 µ V.

9. Repeat steps 7 and 8 for all nine channels. The reading for channels 2-4 and 6-9 should be <1 µ V, and the reading for channels 5 and 10 should be <2 µ V.

10. After completing all measurements, turn off the Model 2001 power, remo ve the scanner card, and disconnect all jumpers and test leads.

Change to the 2k Ω resistance range when measuring channels 5 and 10. Always use the lowest possible range for best accuracy.

4-5

Service Information

Jumper HI and LO of All Nine Channels

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

REF JCN

4-Pole

Model 2001-TCSCAN

2-Pole

OUT A

OUT B

InputHIInput

Model 2001

Rear Panel

Figure 4-2

Connections for path resistance checks

4-6

KEITHLEY

182 SENSITIVE DIGITAL VOLTMETER

Model 1484 Low Thermal Cable (Unterminated)

TRG SRQ

REM TALK LSTN

Service Information

Connect bare copper jumpers between HI and LO

Channel 1

REF JCN

Channel 2

Channel 3-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

4-Pole

2-Pole

Model 182

OUT A

OUT B

Figure 4-3

Connections for contact potential tests

Model 2001-TCSCAN

4-7

Service Information

Ω

4.3.7 Isolation tests

These tests check the leakage resistance (isolation) between all HI and LO terminals and from HI and LO terminals to chassis ground. In general, the test is performed by applying a voltage (100V) across the terminals and then measuring the leakage current. The isolation resistance is then calculated as R = V/I. In the follo wing procedure, the Model 6517 functions as a voltage source and as an ammeter. In the resistance (R) function, the Model 6517 internally calculates the resistance from the known voltage and current le vels, and displays the resistance value.

Perform the following steps to check isolation:

1. Connect a 4” length of Teﬂon-insulated #22AWG stranded wire to every HI and LO terminal on the scanner card (both inputs and outputs). Mark the free end of each wire so you can identify wires when the scanner card is installed.

2. With the power off, install the scanner card in the multimeter.

3. Turn on the Model 2001 power.

4. Turn on the Model 6517, and allow the unit to warm up for one hour for rated accuracy.

5. With the V-Source in standby (OPERATE indicator off) and zero check enabled (Zero Check displayed), conﬁgure the Model 6517 to make >1G Ω resistance (R) measurements using a V-Source value of +100V. Refer to the Model 6517 User’s manual for details on electrometer operation.

WARNING

The following steps use high voltage (100V). Be sure the V-Source is in standby before making connection changes.

6. With the Model 6517 in standby, connect the electrometer to OUT A HI and LO terminals of the scanner card, as shown in Figure 4-4.

7. Close channel 2 using the CHAN key (see paragraph

4.3.5 for details).

8. On the Model 6517, disable zero check, and press OPER to source 100V.

9. After allowing the reading on the Model 6517 to settle, verify that the reading is >1G Ω (10 ment represents the isolation resistance between the HI and LO terminals of channel 2.

). This measure-

10. Place the Model 6517 in standby, and enable zero check.

11. Repeat steps 7 through 10 for channels 3 through 10. Be sure that the channel under test is closed.

12. With the Model 6517 voltage source in standby, connect the electrometer to the HI terminals of scanner card channels 2 and 3, as shown in Figure 4-5.

13. Close channel 2 using the CHAN key.

14. On the Model 6517, disable zero check, and press OPER to source 100V.

15. After allowing the reading on the Model 6517 to settle, verify that the reading is >1G Ω (10

). This measurement represents the isolation resistance between the HI terminals of channels 2 and 3.

16. Place the Model 6517 in standby, and enable zero check.

17. Repeat steps 12 through 16 to measure isolation resistance between the channel 2 HI terminal and channels 4 through 10 HI terminals. Be sure that the electrometer is connected to the HI terminals of the two channels being tested, and that channel 2 is closed.

18. Repeat steps 12 through 17 for the LO terminals of channels 2 through 10. Be sure the electrometer is connected to the LO terminals of the two channels being tested, and that channel 2 is closed.

19. With the electrometer voltage source in standby, connect the electrometer to channel 2 HI and chassis ground, as shown in Figure 4-6.

20. Program the Model 2001 to close channel 2.

21. On the Model 6517, disable zero check, and press OPER to source +100V.

22. After allowing the reading on the Model 6517 to settle, verify that it is >1G Ω (10

23. Put the electrometer in standby, and enable zero check.

24. Repeat steps 19 through 23 for channels 3 through 10. One electrometer lead should be connected to the HI terminal of the channel being testing, and the other lead should be connected to chassis ground.

25. Repeat steps 19 through 24 for channels 2 through 10 LO terminals. One electrometer lead should be connected to the LO terminal of the channel being tested, and the other lead should be connected to chassis ground. In addition, channel 2 should be closed.

4-8

Service Information

Model 237-ALG Triax Cable

Banana Cable

V-Source Ground Link Removed

Input

Common

Model 6517

Banana Cable (one end unterminated)

Figure 4-4

Connections for same-channel isolation tests

(Red)

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

REF JCN

4-Pole

2-Pole

HI LO

OUT A

OUT B

Model 2001-TCSCAN

Ground Link Removed

Model 237-ALG Triax Cable

Banana Cable

Input

Common

(Red)

V-Source

Model 6517

Banana Cable (one end unterminated)

Figure 4-5

Connections for channel-to-channel isolation tests

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

REF JCN

4-Pole

Model 2001-TCSCAN

2-Pole

HI LO

OUT A

OUT B

4-9

Service Information

Ground Link Removed

Model 237-ALG Triax Cable

Banana Cable

Input

Common

Model 6517

Banana Cable (one end unterminated)

(Red)

V-Source

Model 2001

Chassis Ground

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3-4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channel 7-9

Channel 10

REF JCN

4-Pole

Model 2001-TCSCAN

2-Pole

HI LO

OUT A

OUT B

Figure 4-6

Connections for HI and LO terminal to chassis ground isolation tests

4.4 Calibration

There are two calibration procedures given here. The ﬁrst procedure establishes the speciﬁed accuracy of the Model 2001-TCSCAN card with a calibrated thermistor probe monitoring the temperature of the isothermal block. The second procedure establishes an ice-point reference for a piece of thermocouple wire from the spool intended for a Model 2001-TCSCAN application.

Both calibration procedures should be performed at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C ± 3 ° C, and a relative humidity of less than 70%.

NOTE

It is recommended that the Model 2001TCSCAN be calibrated in the same Model

4.4.1 Calibration with thermistor probe

This procedure requires a calibrated thermistor probe (Thermometrics Series CSP A207A or equi valent). The test can be automated with a bus controller.

Bench reset conditions are assumed for the Model 2001. In general, the procedure has the followings steps:

2001 Multimeter being used for normal applications.

1. Set the Model 2001 Multimeter to the 200k Ω range. (The short circuit current is 7 µ A. Due to the self-heating effects of the thermistor probe at higher current, do not

4-10

Service Information

use a lower resistance range.) Let the Model 2001 warm up for one hour.

2. Set another Model 2001 to the 200mV DC range. Insert a 2-terminal low thermal shorting bar into the voltage inputs. Zero the Model 2001 after one hour, and remove the shorting bar.

3. Set up the test equipment as shown in Figure 4-7. Remove the cover of the Model 2001 as e xplained in paragraph 4.7.2.

4. Remove the card top shield and cable clamp. Insert the card into the Model 2001, and protect it from air drafts.

5. Coat the probe with a thermally conductive compound, and insert it into the 0.110-inch hole marked “CAL” on the PC board.

6. T ake a reading of the probe resistance when it stabilizes.

7. Using the lookup tables for the CSP A207A probe, ﬁnd the Celsius temperature that corresponds to the above probe resistance. This value is the temperature of the isothermal block as measured by the probe.

8. The following equation calculates the equivalent reference junction output voltage (V

= (T

REF

+ 273.15) × 0.0002

REF

9. Close Channel 1 on the Model 2001-TCSCAN card, and read the output voltage; it should equal the V

voltage

REF

just calculated. Adjust trimmer R151 until the equivalent temperature equals:

probe temp. ± 0.05 ° C

10. Check the probe resistance again, and ﬁnd the corresponding temperature with the lookup tables. If the new value differs by more than 0.01 ° C from the temperature found in step 7, repeat steps 8 and 9.

Assuming the homogeneity of the thermocouple wire spool, errors due to thermocouple offset voltages will be signiﬁcantly reduced for the entire system. For subsequent applications of this particular Model 2001-TCSCAN card, the same spool of wire should be used on the same channel; otherwise the Model 2001-TCSCAN should be recalibrated. This example uses channel 2. Change connections and setup appropriately for other channels.

This procedure assumes bench reset conditions on the Model

2001.

1. On the Model 2001-TCSCAN, connect the thermocouple positive lead to Channel 2 HI and the negative lead (red insulation) to Channel 2 LO. Connect copper wires to the HI and LO terminals of OUT A. Remo ve the cable clamp, and insert a non-metallic screwdriver to adjust trimmer R151. See Figure 4-8.

2. Insert the Model 2001-TCSCAN into a Model 2001. Connect the output wires to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2001.

3. Turn on the instrument, and allow it to warm up for at least one hour.

4. Fill a Dewer ﬂask or Thermos half full with pea-sized ice made from distilled water. Fill up the ﬂask with distilled water. Stir the contents.

5. Place a twisted or welded thermocouple junction into the volume of the ﬂask occupied by ice. Cover the ﬂask, and stir contents occasionally. Allow 20 minutes for temperature stabilization. Add more ice as necessary.

6. On the Model 2001, select the TEMP function and conﬁgure it as follows:

• Select a thermocouple temperature sensor, and choose the appropriate type.

4.4.2 Calibration with thermocouple wire

This procedure compensates for errors of the reference junction circuitry and establishes a compensation factor for the offset of the particular piece of thermocouple wire. Because of an inherent error source, (the thermocouple wire used in measuring the ice-point), absolute calibration accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

• Conﬁgure reference junction #1 (JCN1) with the temperature coefﬁcient (+00.20mV/ °C) and offset voltage (+54.63mV @ 0°C) for the Model 2001TCSCAN.

• Select temperature units of DEG-F (to yield better resolution than DEG-C).

7. From the CONFIG-CHAN menu of the Model 2001, select internal inputs, the JN1 function for Channel 1, and the TMP function for Channel 2. (Set all other channels to ---.)

4-11

Service Information

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001 #1

(Measure 4-wire ohms)

FILTER MATH

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

Sense Ω HI

SENSE

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Input HI Input LO

Sense Ω LO

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Thermistor

Probe

Input HI

Input LO

R151 CAL adjustment

Model 2001 #2

(Measure DCV)

Copper Wires

Figure 4-7

Calibration with thermistor probe

8. Start scanning as follows: A. Press SCAN, enter a SCAN COUNT of 99999, then

press ENTER.

B. Select SCAN TIMER operation, then press EN-

TER.

C. Choose a scan INTRVL of 1.5, then press ENTER.

OUT A HI OUT A LO

Note : Install card in Model 2001 #2

D. Choose NO DATA TO MEMORY, then press

ENTER.

E. Press ENTER to begin scanning.

9. Note the reading on the Model 2001 display when Chan-

nel 2 is closed. If the display reads other than 32.0°F , adjust trimmer R151 on the Model 2001-TCSCAN card until the Model 2001 reads 32.0°F, ±1 count.

10. Press EXIT on the Model 2001 to stop the scan.

4-12

Model 2001-TCSCAN in Model 2001

R151 Cal Adjustment

OUT A LO OUT A HI

Channel 2 HI Channel 2 LO

Input

Service Information

Ice Bath

Copper Wires

Figure 4-8

Calibration with thermocouple wire

4.5 Special handling of static-sensitive devices

CMOS and other high-impedance devices are subject to possible static discharge damage because of the high-impedance levels in volved. When handling such devices, use the precautions listed below.

NOTE

In order to prevent damage, assume that all parts are static-sensitive.

1. Such devices should be transported and handled only in containers specially designed to prevent or dissipate static build-up. Typically, these devices will be receiv ed in anti-static containers made of plastic or foam. Keep these parts in their original containers until ready for installation or use.

2. Remove the devices from their protective containers only at a properly grounded workstation. Also, ground yourself with an appropriate wrist strap while working with these devices.

Model 2001

(Measure T emper ature)

3. Handle the devices only by the body; do not touch the pins or terminals.

4. Any printed circuit board into which the device is to be inserted must ﬁrst be grounded to the bench or table.

5. Use only anti-static type de-soldering tools and grounded-tip soldering irons.

4.6 Principles of operation

The following paragraphs discuss the basic operating principles for the Model 2001-TCSCAN, and can be used as an aid in troubleshooting the card. The schematic drawing of the card is located at the end of Section 5.

4.6.1 Block diagram

Figure 4-9 shows a simpliﬁed block diagram of the Model 2001-TCSCAN. Key elements include the relay drivers and relays, and the power-up reset circuit. These various elements are discussed in the following paragraphs.

4-13

Service Information

To 2001

Multimeter

Clock Data Strobe

+5V

Relay

Drivers

U101-U103

Power-on

Reset

U104

Enable

Relays,

K101-K113

User Connections

Figure 4-9

Block diagram

4.6.2 Relay control

Card relays are controlled by serial data transmitted via the relay DATA line. A total of three bytes are shifted in serial fashion into latches located in the card relay driver ICs. The serial data is clocked in by the CLOCK line. As data overﬂows one register, it is fed out the Q’S line of the register down the chain.

4.6.5 Reference junction

The reference junction for cold junction compensation is made up of U105 and associated components. Calibration adjustment is provided by R151.

4.7 Troubleshooting

4.7.1 Troubleshooting equipment

Table 4-2 summarizes recommended equipment for troubleshooting the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

Table 4-2

Recommended troubleshooting equipment

Manufacturer

Description

Multimeter Keithley 2001 DCV checks Oscilloscope TEK 2243 View logic wave-

and model Application

forms

Once all three bytes have shifted into the card, the STROBE line is set high to latch the relay information into the Q outputs of the relay drivers, and the appropriate relays are energized (assuming the driver outputs are enabled, as discussed below). Note that a relay driver output goes low to energize the corresponding relay.

4.6.3 Switching circuits

Relays K101 through K106 and K108 to K113 perform input switching, while K107 conﬁgures the card for 2-pole or 4pole operation.

4.6.4 Power-on safeguard

A power-on safeguard circuit, made up of U104 and associated components, ensures that relays do not change state on power-up and po wer-do wn. This circuit disables all relay actuation during power-up and po wer-down periods by holding the OE (output enable lines) high during these periods.

4.7.2 Troubleshooting access

In order to gain access to the scanner card circuit board to measure voltages under actual operating conditions, perform the following steps:

1. Turn of f the Model 2001 power, and disconnect the line cord and all other equipment.

2. If wires are connected to the scanner card, remove the scanner card from the multimeter.

3. Remove the Model 2001 cover as follows: A. Remove the handle by rotating it to align the arro ws

on the handle mounting ears. Pull out and remove the handle.

B. Remove the screws that secure the handle mounting

ears, then remove the ears.

C. Remove the screws that attach the rear bezel to the

case, then remove the bezel.

D. Remove the bottom screw that grounds the case to

the chassis.

4-14

Service Information

WARNING

Be sure to install and tighten the grounding screw after replacing the cover .

E. Remove the cover by pulling it off towards the rear.

4. Disconnect any wires connected to the scanner card terminal blocks.

5. Install the scanner card in the multimeter.

6. Connect the line cord, and turn on the power to measure voltages (see following paragraph).

4.7.3 Troubleshooting procedure

Table 4-3 summarizes scanner card troubleshooting steps. Refer to the schematic diagram and component layout drawings at the end of Section 5 for component locations.

WARNING

Lethal voltages are present within the Model 2001. Some of the procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages. Observe standard safety precautions for dealing with live circuits. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or death.

CAUTION

appropriate de-soldering tool, such as a solder sucker, to clear each mounting hole completely free of solder. Each relay pin must be free to move in its mounting hole before removal. Also, make certain that no burrs are present on the ends of the relay pins.

3. If the bottom shield must be replaced, make sure that the overlay, which contains warning messages, is also replaced.

4. Removing the isothermal block will damage the conductive RTV adhesive. The RTV adhesive must be replaced if the isothermal block is removed.

4.8 Scanner card modiﬁcation

Channels 5 and 10 include 120Ω resistors in series with the HI and LO terminals in order to avoid possible card damage should the high-speed multiplexing, ratio, or delta modes be inadvertently selected. (Damage may occur because breakbefore-make operation for channels 5 and 10 cannot be guaranteed when the high-speed scanning modes of the Model 2001 Multimeter are selected). These resistors can be removed and replaced with jumper wires in cases where the nominal 240Ω path resistance may affect signals switched through channels 5 and 10.

Observe the following pr ecautions when troubleshooting or repairing the scanner card:

1. To avoid contamination, which could degrade card performance, always handle the card only by the side edges and covers. Do not touch edge connectors, board surfaces, or components on the card. Also, do not touch areas adjacent to electrical contacts on connectors.

2. Use care when removing relays from the PC board to avoid pulling traces away from the circuit board. Before attempting to remove a relay, use an

CAUTION

Use extreme care after replacing current-limiting resistors with jumper wires. External sources connected to channels 5 and 10 should be currentlimiting to a maximum current of 1A, and the ratio, delta, and high-speed multiplexing modes of the Model 2001 Multimeter should not be used with the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

Figure 4-10 shows the location of the factory-installed current-limiting resistors. R152 and R153 provide current limiting for channel 5, while R154 and R155 perform the same function for channel 10. To make the modiﬁcation, simply

4-15

Service Information

unsolder the current-limiting resistors, then solder jumpers wires in their places. Jumper part number J-3 may be ordered directly from Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Observe the soldering and cleaning precautions discussed in paragraph 4.2.2

NOTE

when making board modiﬁcations. Circuit board contamination may degrade card performance.

Table 4-3

Troubleshooting procedure

Step Item/component Required condition Comments

1 Digital ground P1034, pin 1, 3, 5 All voltages referenced to digital

ground. 2 P1034, pin 9 +5VDC Card power supply voltage. 3 U101, pin 2 CLOCK pulses Serial clock pulses. 4 U101, pin 3 DATA pulses Serial data pulses. 5 U101, pin 7 STROBE pulse End of relay update sequence. 6 U101-U103, pins 10-18 Low when relay state is changed. High

Relay driver outputs.

when relay is not changing state.

7 U105, pin 2 +54.63mV @ 0°C, or +59.23mV

@ +23°C

HI LO

CH 3

CH 4

CH 5

CH 6

CH 7

CH 8

CH 2 OUT A OUT B

CH 9

CH 10

HI LO HI LO

Channel 5

Current-limiting

Resistors

Reference junction output (see para-

graph 4.3.4).

Channel 10

Current-limiting

Resistors

Figure 4-10

Current-limiting resistor locations

4-16

Replaceable Parts

5.1 Introduction

This section contains replacement parts information, schematic diagram, and component layout drawing for the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

5.2 Parts list

A parts list for the scanner card is included in a table integrated with schematic diagram and component layout drawing for the board. Parts are listed alphabetically in order of circuit designation.

5.3 Ordering information

To place an order, or to obtain information concerning replacement parts, contact your Keithley representative or the factory (see inside front cover for addresses). When ordering parts, be sure to include the following information:

• Card model number (2001-TCSCAN)

• Card serial number

• Part description

5.4 Factory service

If the card is to be returned to Keithley Instruments for repair , perform the following:

• Call the Instruments Division Repair Department at 1800-552-1115 for a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.

• Complete the service form at the back of this manual, and include it with the card.

• Carefully pack the card in the original packing carton.

• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPT and the RMA number on the shipping label.

NOTE: It is not necessary to return the Model 2001 Multimeter with the card.

5.5 Component layout and schematic diagram

A component layout drawing and schematic diagram are included on the following pages integrated with the parts list for the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

• Circuit description, if applicable

• Keithley part number

5-1

Replaceable Parts

Table 5-1

Electrical parts

Circuit desig. Description Part number

C101-103,105,106,108,109 C104 C107

E104 SURGE ARRESTOR CG2-300L SA-2

J1035 J1036

K101-111 K112,113

P1034 CONN, FEMALE, DUAL 16-PIN CS-455

R134 R147 R148 R149 R150 R151 R152-155

U101-103 U104 U105

CAP,.1UF,20%,50V,CERAMIC CAP, 10UF, 20%, 50V, ALUM ELEC CAP,100UF,20%,25V,ALUM ELEC

CONN, FEMALE 16-PIN CONN, FEMALE 12-PIN

RELAY, MINATURE (DPDT) TQ2E-L2-5V RELAY, ULTRA-SMALL POLARIZED TF2E-5V

RES,1K,5%,1/4W,COMPOSITION OR FILM RES,4.7K,5%,1/4W,COMPOSITION OR FILM RES,5.62K,1%,1/8W,METAL FILM RES, 205, .1%, 1/10W, METAL FILM RES,100,5%,1/4W,COMPOSITION OR FILM POT,10K,10%,.75W,NON-WIREWOUND RES, 120, 5%, 1/4W, COMPOSITION OR FILM

IC, 8-BIT SERIAL-IN LATCH DRIVER,5841A IC,SUPPLY VOLTAGE SUPERVISOR,TL7705AC IC, TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCER, AD590MH

C-365-.1 C-489-10 C-413-100

TE-118-10 TE-118-12

RL-155 RL-149

R-76-1K R-76-4.7K R-88-5.62K R-263-205 R-76-100 RP-89-10K R-76-120

IC-536 IC-602 IC-892

5-2

Replaceable Parts

Table 5-2

Mechanical parts

Description Part Number

CLIP, STRAIN RELIEF COPPER ISOTHERMAL BLOCK STRIP, POLYURETHANE STRAIN RELIEF, TOP SHIELD, TOP STRAIN RELIEF, BOTTOM BOTTOM SHIELD CARD EJECTOR, PLASTIC SLEEVED BANANA PLUG TEST LEAD CHIPLOC BAG STATIC SHIELDING OVERLAY, BOTTOM SHIELD THERMAL RTV

2001-351A 2001-TCSCAN-302A 2001-345-1B 2001-349A 1801-307A 2001-344B 2001-TCSCAN-304A FA-237 CA-109A PO-13-1 2001-TCSCAN-305A CE-16

5-3

Terminal

Et = E - E

Isothermal

Copper

Terminal

Figure A-1

Thermocouple measurement

Thermocouple Basics

A.1 Deﬁnitions

The following terms are deﬁned as they relate to thermocouple circuits and thermocouple switching cards:

Cold junction — The junction that is held at a stable known

temperature. Also known as the reference junction.

Hot junction — The junction of two dissimilar metals that

is used to measure an unknown temperature. Also known as the measurement junction.

Isothermal block or cover — The metal block or cover that

equalizes the temperature of thermocouple connections on a switching card.

Reference accuracy — The maximum error between sensor

and channel inside the isothermal environment. Also known as temperature offset.

Reference channel — The channel that measures the tem-

perature of the isothermal environment.

Reference output — The output signal that represents the

temperature of the reference channel. Commonly speciﬁed by a temperature coefﬁcient of µV/°C and an offset voltage in millivolts at 0°C.

A.2 Theory

A thermocouple is a junction formed between two dissimilar metals. If the temperature of the thermocouple junction con-

nected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN is T, a voltage E is developed between leads A and B as shown in Figure A-1. When connected to a voltmeter, two more junctions (C and D) are formed with the meter terminals. The measured voltage is proportional to the difference between temperatures T and T

T o determine the difference, the thermoelectric properties of the thermocouple are needed. Data is available to determine the voltage versus temperature relationship based on a reference temperature (T copper junctions were maintained at 0°C, it would be possible to determine T by referring to the Thermocouple Reference Tables. (See NIST Nomograph 125.) The tables list temperature as a function of the meter reading E junctions are not 0°C, a voltage E

) of 0°C. Thus, if the thermocouple-to-

. Since these

is introduced, where:

= E - E

A-1

Thermocouple Basics

A.3 Measurement procedure

The temperature of a thermocouple junction is determined by the following summarized procedure:

• Measure the reference voltage (E

• Calculate the reference temperature (T

• Determine the reference correction voltage (E

• Measure the thermocouple voltage (E

• Calculate the thermocouple correction voltage (E).

• Determine the thermocouple temperature (T).

The complete step-by-step procedure follows:

1. Read the voltage (E

) developed by the Model 2001-TC-

SCAN reference junction. Assuming a temperature coefﬁcient of +200µV/°C, and an offset voltage of +54.63mV at 0°C, convert the voltage reading to temperature (T

= (E

represents the temperature of the Model 2001-TCS-

) with the formula:

= 54.63mV) / 0.2mV per °C

CAN isothermal connections.

2. Using the thermocouple lookup tables or the following formula, convert the temperature (T voltage. Use tables matching the type of thermocouple connected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN. E to the reference voltage that would result if an actual thermocouple were used as a reference junction.

= a

+ a

T + a

+ a

3. Make a measurement of the voltage (E the thermocouple connected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN.

4. Add the reference voltage derived in step 2 to the thermocouple voltage measured in step 3.

) from step 1 to a

corresponds

) developed by

5. Convert the v oltage sum (E) from step 4 to a temperature (T) using either thermocouple lookup tables or the formula:

T = a

+ a

E + a

The values for a

+ a

through a

+ a

for the supported thermo-

couples are listed in tables located in Appendix B.

A.4 Measuring example

A measurement setup uses a Type J thermocouple. The voltage developed by the reference junction (channel 1) is

61.83mV. The voltage read from the thermocouple is 14476µV.

1. Find the temperature of the isothermal connections. The voltage from the reference sensor is 61.83mV.

(61.83mV – 54.63mV) / 0.2mV per °C = 36°C

2. Using the appropriate formula or thermocouple lookup tables (see Table 6.3.2 of NIST Monograph 125), ﬁnd the equivalent voltage developed by a Type J thermocouple at 36°C. This voltage is found to be 1849.1µV. The formula shown in step 2 above would yield

1849.085µV.

3. The voltage developed by the thermocouple is measured as 14476µV.

4. The sum of the voltage is 14476 + 1849.1, or

16325.1µV.

5. Using the appropriate formula or thermocouple lookup tables (see Table A6.2.1 of NIST Monograph 125), ﬁnd the temperature for a Type J thermocouple corresponding to 16325.1µV. This temperature is 300.0°C. The formula shown in step 5 above would yield 299.995°C.

NOTE

A-2

E = E

+ E

It is not necessary to make these calculations when using the Model 2001 Multimeter, which performs temperature conversion automatically.

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

The following thermocouple conversion tables are included as a convenience for those who wish to use the Model 2001TCSCAN to make thermocouple temperature measurements with other instruments. Note that the Model 2001 Multimeter does not use these tables for temperature conversion but relies instead on piecewise linear analysis to provide more accurate temperature measurements.

B-1

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Table B-1

NIST Quartic Coefﬁcients for Types S, R, B, E, J, K, and T

Type S

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-50 to 900 5.5439639 +0 1.0103667 -2 -1.0944499 -5 4.9628963 -9 -7 to 14

400 to 1100 -3.8051591 +2 8.7228147 +0 6.2984807 -4 9.0526670 -7 -2.9241601 -10 -.7 to .5 400 to 1400 -5.2412524 +2 9.5827994 +0 -1.2077351 -3 2.5723104 -6 -8.3681057 -10 -1.6 to 1.5

400 to 1650 -5.0061921 +2 9.4591354 +0 -9.7986687 -4 2.3967559 -6 -7.8837971 -10 -1.8 to 1.9 1050 to 1400 1.4352322 +3 2.9873073 +0 6.9951678 -3 -1.8986036 -6 6.5006637 -11 -.05 to .05 1050 to 1650 1.3054176 +3 3.4129348 +0 6.4741403 -3 -1.6163524 -6 7.9103746 -12 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1550 1.8695088 +2 6.4091373 +0 3.4664812 -3 -2.7553724 -7 -2.1606150 -10 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1650 1.0863331 +3 3.9952876 +0 5.8939317 -3 -1.3595782 -6 -3.4675031 -11 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1768 -7.4180405 +4 2.0043202 +2 -1.8607781 -1 8.1899566 -5 -1.3556030 -8 -1.0 to 1.3 1666 to 1768 8.2703440 +4 -1.3532278 +2 8.0243878 -2 -1.0633404 -5 -1.7212343 -9 -.05 to .05

Reference

Correction

0 to 1100 5.8791282 +0 7.9098118 -3 -6.7450002 -6 2.5247577 -9 -16 to 12 0 to 1400 6.2516859 +0 5.8347856 -3 -3.4351369 -6 9.4022202 -10 -35 to 25 0 to 1650 6.5554932 +0 4.4519908 -3 -1.6378513 -6 2.4140360 -10 -55 to 35 0 to 1768 6.6834421 +0 3.9334084 -3 -1.0384046 -6 3.4244511 -11 -60 to 35

Junction

0 to 50 5.3994446 +0 1.2467754 -2 1.9934168 -5 -0.01 to +0.01

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a

Type S

Thermocouples

+ a

T + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-50 to 900 1.6414048 -1 -2.0241757 -5 2.7849728 -9 -1.4172102 -13 -11 to 3 0 to 1100 1.5445376 -1 -1.3349067 -5 1.3626587 -9 -5.3270847 -14 -3 to 6 0 to 1400 1.4713897 -1 -9.0783455 -6 6.5660913 -10 -1.8499175 -14 -5 to 9 0 to 1650 1.4260554 -1 -7.0073775 -6 3.8981279 -10 -8.3047780 -15 -6 to 11 0 to 1768 1.4087955 -1 -6.3195007 -6 3.1267454 -10 -5.7422562 15 -6 to 12

400 to 1100 4.1137317 +1 1.1599785 -1 -1.8642979 -6 1.2643267 -11 8.4828836 -16 -.05 to .07 400 to 1400 4.4507790 +1 1.1373998 -1 -1.3349811 -6 -3.9224680 -11 2.6563405 15 -.08 to .08

400 to 1650 4.1670535 +1 1.1543356 -1 -1.6782780 -6 -1.0845801 -11 1.8379726 -15 -.2 to .2 1050 to 1400 -3.0938374 +1 1.4106560 -1 -4.9794442 -6 1.7334256 -10 -1.9262160 15 -.003 to .003 1050 to 1650 1.2226507 +1 1.2706383 -1 -3.2873314 -6 8.3038098 -11 -1.3019379 -16 -.010 to .010 1400 to 1550 1.3866867 +2 9.3486676 -2 4.8592708 -8 -6.3885209 -11 2.2896541 -15 -.0005 to .0005 1400 to 1650 1.3923740 +2 9.3267401 -2 7.7266682 -8 -6.5458208 -11 2.3208160 -15 -.0005 to .0005 1400 to 1768 4.5133695 +3 -1.0046437 +0 1.0322002 -4 -4.3637046 -9 6.9361610 -14 -.13 to .10 1666 to 1768 2.3131446 +4 -5.4122671 +0 4.9347196 -4 -1.9681943 -8 2.9430179 -13 -.0005 to .0005

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in selected temperature ranges (¡C).

The expansion is of the form T = a

+ a

E + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

B-2

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Type R

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-50 to 900 5.4295008 +0 1.1446885 -2 -1.1295306 -5 5.0020496 -9 -7 to 15

400 to 1100 -4.0674108 +2 8.7490294 +0 1.7115155 -3 7.5039035 -7 -3.0096280 -10 -.4 to .5 400 to 1400 -5.6047484 +2 9.6731111 +0 -2.6994046 -4 2.5536988 -6 -8.9155491 -10 -1.7 to 1.6

400 to 1650 -5.4505828 +2 9.5942872 +0 -1.2813352 -4 2.4468512 -6 -8.6286756 -10 -2.1 to 1.8 1050 to 1400 1.6618159 +3 2.3048526 +0 8.7635426 -3 -2.3016819 -6 7.4284923 -11 -.05 to .05 1050 to 1650 1.5132838 +3 2.7958847 +0 8.1571403 -3 -1.9701159 -6 6.5568964 -12 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1550 2.4008703 +3 4.1604579 -1 1.0549178 -2 -3.0383621 -6 1.8540516 -10 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1650 1.5787334 +3 2.6321144 +0 8.3100314 -3 -2.0332036 -6 1.6260416 -11 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1768 -7.1904948 +4 1.9442383 +2 -1.7913090 -1 7.9264764 -5 -1.3187245 -8 -1.0 to 1.3 1666 to 1768 8.8532076 +4 -1.5014129 +2 9.5376167 -2 -1.6644901 -5 -8.3062870 -10 -.05 to .05

Reference

Correction

0 to 1100 5.7622558 +0 9.2715271 -3 -7.1346883 -6 2.5877458 -9 -16 to 12 0 to 1400 6.1429772 +0 7.1515857 -3 -3.7539447 -6 9.6963832 -10 -35 to 25 0 to 1650 6.4615269 +0 5.7010917 -3 -1.8683292 -6 2.3636365 -10 -55 to 35 0 to 1768 6.5962120 +0 5.1559203 -3 -1.2385309 -6 1.8827643 -11 -65 to 35

Junction

0 to 50 5.2891411 +0 1.3844426 -2 -2.0889531 -5 -0.01 to +0.01

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a

Type R

Thermocouples

+ a

T + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-50 to 900 1.6251434 -1 -2.0454379 -5 2.5404935 -9 -1.1767904 -13 -13 to 3 0 to 1100 1.5239494 -1 -1.3755675 -5 1.2610922 -9 -4.4281251 -14 -4 to 7 0 to 1400 1.4441607 -1 -9.5014952 -6 6.2073358 -10 -1.5622497 -14 -6 to 10 0 to 1650 1.3944190 -1 -7.4485484 -6 3.8266182 -10 -7.4517277 -15 -7 to 13 0 to 1768 1.3752883 -1 -6.7651171 -6 3.1420473 -10 -5.4254872 -15 -7 to 14

400 to 1100 4.5509556 +1 1.1284875 -1 -2.8603978 -6 8.5173702 -11 -1.1440038 -15 -.04 to .04 400 to 1400 4.9160016 +1 1.1054589 -1 -2.3559046 -6 3.9276248 -11 3.3369324 -16 -.08 to .09

400 to 1650 4.8343651 +1 1.1098270 -1 -2.4353890 -6 4.5164488 -11 1.8172612 -16 -.10 to .12 1050 to 1400 -4.1134459 +0 1.2738464 -1 -4.3132296 -6 1.3863582 -10 -1.5283798 -15 -.002 to .002 1050 to 1650 3.7487318 +1 1.1519304 -1 -2.9827002 -6 7.4538667 -11 -3.7809957 -16 -.011 to .011 1400 to 1550 8.0559850 +1 1.0442877 -1 -1.9827500 -6 3.3603790 -11 2.4513433 -16 -.0005 to .0005 1400 to 1650 1.4180146 +2 9.0181346 -2 -7.4068329 -7 -1.4487255 -11 9.4290495 -16 -.0005 to .0005 1400 to 1768 3.1758093 +3 -5.8922431 -1 5.6190639 -5 -2.1303241 -9 3.0369250 -14 -.11 to .08 1666 to 1768 1.2883437 +4 -2.6747958 +0 2.2334214 -4 -8.0565860 -9 1.0882779 -13 -.0007 to .0007

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in selected temperature ranges (¡C).

The expansion is of the form T = a

+ a

E + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

B-3

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Type B

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

400 to 1100 1.3740347 +1 -3.2914888 -1 5.9766638 -3 -8.0141311 -7 -2.7203972 -11 -.05 to .05 400 to 1400 -2.5321108 +1 -9.9736579 -2 5.4976533 -3 -3.7806912 -7 -1.6156824 -10 -.5 to .5

400 to 1650 -1.1708354 +2 3.9860894 -1 4.5539656 -3 3.6623964 -7 -3.6969100 -10 -2.0 to 1.8 1050 to 1400 -9.8446259 +2 3.3670688 +0 8.2282215 -4 2.4061224 -6 -7.7901142 -10 -.05 to .05 1050 to 1650 -1.3702395 +3 4.6252371 +0 -7.0976836 -4 3.2325686 -6 -9.4548852 -10 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1550 -4.7644591 +2 2.2890832 +0 1.5749253 -3 2.2417410 -6 -7.8471224 -10 -.05 to .05 1400 to 1650 -6.4878929 +2 2.7380621 +0 1.1375302 -3 2.4305578 -6 -8.1518033 -10 -.05 to .05

Reference

Correction

0 to 900 -2.3614224 -1 5.7496551 -3 -5.6339756 -7 -1.1808558 -10 -.22 to .14 0 to 1100 -2.3893338 -1 5.7684447 -3 -5.9963692 -7 -9.7041131 -11 -.18 to .20 0 to 1400 -2.3476301 -1 5.7480761 -3 -5.7165679 -7 -1.0838193 -10 -.7 to 1.0 0 to 1650 -1.9185893 -1 5.5578879 -3 -3.3057924 -7 -2.0018428 -10 -4 to 5 0 to 1820 -1.3749133 -1 5.3446673 -3 -9.1094186 -8 -2.8098361 -10 -8 to 9

Junction

0 to 50 -2.4673839 -1 5.9050303 -3 -1.2267180 -6 -0.01 to +0.01

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a

Type B

Thermocouples

+ a

T + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

0 to 900 8.9244743 -1 -5.7447033 -4 1.8053618 -7 -1.9719121 -11 -30 to 75 0 to 1100 7.2874066 -1 -3.1771931 -4 6.8254996 -8 -5.1002233 -12 -35 to 90 0 to 1400 5.7822214 -1 -1.6039309 -4 2.2187592 -8 -1.0678514 -12 -45 to 110 0 to 1650 4.9929130 -1 -1.0349686 -4 1.0792281 -8 -3.9111456 -13 -50 to 120 0 to 1820 4.6255054 -1 -8.2176262 -5 7.3717195 -9 -2.2913665 -13 -50 to 130

400 to 1100 1.8946288 +2 3.0966136 -1 -5.8100680 -5 8.2483967 -9 -4.7591774 -13 -.09 to 1.0 400 to 1400 2.0949015 +2 2.7222162 -1 -3.6930932 -5 3.6830239 -9 -1.4483702 -13 -3 to 3

400 to 1650 2.2354664 +2 2.4988761 -1 -2.7160312 -5 2.1299660 -9 -6.4220755 -14 -5 to 5 1050 to 1400 3.2188156 +2 1.8282378 -1 -1.1561743 -5 6.4320083 -10 -1.4544375 -14 -.003 to .003 1050 to 1650 3.4418084 +2 1.7031473 -1 -8.9696912 -6 4.0789445 -10 -6.6410259 -15 -.025 to .020 1400 to 1550 3.7140306 +2 1.5828913 -1 -7.0050689 -6 2.6714849 -10 -2.9082072 -15 -.001 to .001 1400 to 1650 3.9253848 +2 1.4979551 -1 -5.7276293 -6 1.8192801 -10 -7.8042686 -16 -.001 to .001

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in selected temperature ranges (¡C).

The expansion is of the form T = a

+ a

E + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

B-4

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Type E

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-200 to 800 5.8043714 +1 5.6118501 -2 -5.9506584 -5 2.2327737 -8 -60 to 30

-20 to -500 5.8318735 +1 5.4292960 -2 -5.6288941 -5 2.0825828 -8 -8 to 4

400 to 1000 -8.5384268 +2 6.5022632 +1 3.4354900 -2 -2.9769494 -5 7.6039401 -9 -2 to 2.5

600 to 800 -1.3839633 +3 6.7211126 +1 3.1669230 -2 -2.9237913 -5 8.1514671 -9 -.03 to .03

850 to 1000 -5.1503130 +4 -1.6691278 +2 4.1877018 -1 -3.1228607 -4 8.5283044 -8 -.06 to .06

Reference

Correction

-270 to 0 5.9287179 +1 7.0983783 -2 5.2421843 -5 3.8137875 -7 -5 to 5

-200 to 0 5.8754764 +1 5.7443085 -2 -5.0637772 -5 1.3960921 -7 -.5 to .4

0 to 400 5.8327591 +1 5.3761106 -2 -5.2870656 -5 1.5352840 -8 -3 to 4

0 to 1000 5.8734597 +1 5.0789891 -2 -4.7821793 -5 1.4659118 -8 -18 to 17

Junction

0 to 50 5.8637565 +1 4.6720025 -2 -1.4438022 -5 -.12 to +.24

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a

Type E

Thermocouples

+ a

T + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-270 to 0 2.8168878 -3 -8.5940057 -6 -1.4930918 -9 -8.7987588 -14 -9 to 6

-200 to 0 1.5726646 -2 -1.2102152 -6 -1.9577799 -10 -1.6696298 -14 -.3 to .3

-200 to 800 1.8432856 -2 -3.2311582 -7 6.9795810 -12 -5.1106852 -17 -8 to 7

-20 to 500 1.6970287 -2 -2.0830603 -7 4.6512717 -12 -4.1805785 -17 -.18 to .12 0 to 400 1.7022525 -2 -2.2097240 -7 5.4809314 -12 -5.7669892 -17 -.05 to .04

0 to 1000 1.6410783 -2 -1.3560189 -7 1.8600342 -12 -8.5537337 -18 -.9 to 1.4

400 to 1000 1.9669452 +1 1.4207735 -2 -5.1844510 -8 5.6361365 -13 -1.5646343 -18 -.03 to .03

600 to 800 2.5192188 +1 1.3909529 -2 -4.7201133 -8 5.5638718 -13 -1.7775228 -18 -.0005 to .0005

850 to 1000 -7.1102114 +2 5.6554599 -2 -9.7013068 -7 9.3938146 -12 -3.3333675 -17 -.001 to .001

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in selected temperature ranges (¡C).

The expansion is of the form T = a

+ a

E + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

B-5

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Type J

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-200 to 760 4.9502533 +1 3.2898022 -2 -6.9936031 -5 5.1112729 -8 -100 to 80

-200 to 1200 4.7062907 +1 2.5522650 -2 -2.2198295 -5 7 1373907 -9 -500 to 600

-20 to 500 5.0465304 +1 2.8062596 -2 -6.5666305 -5 5.3587106 -8 -1.5 to 3.0

400 to 760 -5.7931005 +3 9.7718575 +1 -1.1658430 -1 1.3184454 -4 -4.8218788 -8 -2.5 to 2.8

400 to 1200 7.1127371 +3 1.8969007 +1 5.3862730 -2 -2.2171472 -5 1.8445398 -10 -110 to 100

600 to 760 -2.5724435 +4 2.2157898 +2 -4.0418097 -1 4.2749984 -4 1.6174242 -7 -.1 to .1

760 to 1200 3.9064962 +4 -1.4765017 +2 3.6470921 -1 -2.7029005 -4 7.2113090 -8 -11 to 11

Reference

Correction

-200 to 0 5.0408743 +1 3.2009063 -2 -6.3493968 -5 2.5174022 -7 -.2 to .3

0 to 400 5.0452399 +1 2.8409137 -2 -6.7556436 -5 5.6382040 -8 -.8 to .5 0 to 760 5.1258213 +1 2.0040854 -2 -4.2235982 -5 3.2819408 -8 -24 to 36

0 to 1200 5.5861877 +1 -1.4207954 -2 3.1325181 -5 -1.5023710 -8 -210 to 160

Junction

0 to 50 5.0373743 +1 3.0167011 -2 -7.4293513 -5 -.06 to +.06

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a

Type J

Thermocouples

+ a

T + a

+ a

where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-200 to 0 1.8843850 -2 -1.2029733 -6 -2.5278593 -10 -2.5849263 -14 -.4 to .5

-200 to 760 2.1155170 -2 -3.3513149 -7 1.2443997 -11 -1.5227150 -16 -6 to 7

-200 to 1200 2.1676850 -2 -2.1844464 -7 3.9094347 -12 -2.4303017 -17 -14 to 10

-20 to 500 1.9745056 -2 -1.8094256 -7 7.8777919 -12 -1.1897222 -16 -.07 to .06 0 to 400 1.9750953 -2 -1.8542600 -7 8.3683958 -12 -1.3280568 -16 -.03 to .05 0 to 760 1.9323799 -2 -1.0306020 -7 3.7084018 -12 -5.1031937 -17 -.9 to .7

0 to 1200 1.8134974 -2 -5.6495930 -8 -2.4644023 -12 2.1141718 -17 -3 to 4

400 to 760 9.2808351 +1 5.4463817 -3 6.5254537 -7 -1.3987013 -11 9.9364476 -17 -.03 to .03

400 to 1200 -1.1075293 +2 2.8651303 -2 -2.9758175 -7 2.5945419 -12 -4.9012035 -18 -1.3 to 1.6

600 to 760 1.8020713 +2 -4.5284199 -3 1.0769294 -6 -2.1962321 -11 1.5521511 -16 -.001 to .001

760 to 1200 -6.3828680 +2 7.4068749 -2 -1.7177773 -6 2.1771293 -11 -9.9502571 -17 -.15 to .11

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in selected temperature (¡C).

The expansion is of the form T = a0 + a1E + a2E2 + a3E3 + a4E4 where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

B-6

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Type K

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-200 to 800 3.6762217 +1 2.4544587 -2 -4.3081993 -5 2.5127588 -8 -180 to 200

400 to 1000 1.3223524 +3 3.0191663 +1 2.7508912 -2 -2.4734437 -5 6.9799332 -9 -.9 to 1.4 400 to 1370 -3.5456236 +1 3.8349319 +1 9.9993329 -3 -8.7444446 -6 1.7108618 -9 -12 to 11

850 to 1000 -9.0373549 +2 4.0577145 +1 9.5092149 -3 -1.0989249 -5 3.0753213 -9 -.05 to .03

1050 to 1150 -2.5972816 +3 5.2075276 +1 -1.4576419 -2 9.4854151 -6 -3.1178779 -9 -.05 to .05

Correction

-270 to 0 3.9575518 +1 3.1063355 -2 -9.1607995 -5 3.0006628 -8 -1.1 to 1.2

-200 to 0 3.9478446 +1 2.8256412 -2 -1.1488433 -4 -2.8153447 -8 -.08 to .05

-20 to 500 4.0999640 +1 -3.2619221 -3 8.5714137 -6 -1.6912373 -9 -25 to 45 0 to 400 4.0981103 +1 -1.5992510 -4 -1.2525700 -5 3.2784725 -8 -25 to 20

0 to 1370 3.9443859 +1 5.8953822 -3 -4.2015132 -6 1.3917059 -10 -60 to 110

600 to 800 2.1326086 +3 2.5608012 +1 3.7091744 -2 -3.3517324 -5 9.9607405 -9 -.05 to .07

Reference

Junction

0 to 50 3.9448872 +1 2.4548362 -2 -9.0918433 -5 -.06 to +.14

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a0 + a1T + a2T2 + a3T3 + a4T4 where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Type K

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-270 to 0 1.2329875 -2 -1.4434305 -5 -4.2824995 -9 -4.2028679 -13 -11 to 8

-200 to 0 2.3783697 -2 -2.4382217 -6 -6.8203073 -10 -9.4854031 -14 -.5 to .5

-200 to 800 2.8346886 -2 -5.8008526 -7 2.5720615 -11 -3.6813679 -16 -8 to 10

-20 to 500 2.4363851 -2 5.6206931 -8 -3.8825620 -12 3.9120208 -17 -1.2 to .6 0 to 400 2.4383248 -2 9.7830251 -9 3.6276965 -12 -2.5756438 -16 -.5 to .6

0 to 1370 2.5132785 -2 -6.0883423 -8 5.5358209 -13 9.3720918 -18 -2.4 to 1.2 400 to 1000 -2.4707112 +1 2.9465633 -2 -3.1332620 -7 6.5075717 -12 -3.9663834 -17 -.02 to .02 400 to 1370 6.2300671 +0 2.4955374 -2 -7.8788333 -8 1.3269743 -12 1.5580541 -18 -.3 to .3

600 to 800 -3.9480992 +1 3.1425797 -2 -4.0905633 -7 8.5482602 -12 -5.5696636 -17 -.001 to .001

850 to 1000 -3.1617495 +0 2.7115517 -2 -2.1941995 -7 4.8782826 -12 -2.9316611 -17 -.0012 to .0012

1050 to 1150 2.3615582 +2 1.1066277 -3 8.2516607 -7 -1.3558849 -11 9.1638500 -17 -.001 to .001

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in selected temperature ranges (¡C).

The expansion is of the form T = a0 + a1E + a2E2 + a3E3 + a4E4 where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

B-7

Thermocouple Conversion Tables

Type T

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-200 to 400 3.8621703 +1 4.5433050 -2 -3.4731838 -5 1.4661300 -8 -7 to 3.5

Correction

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form E = a0 + a1T + a2T2 + a3T3 + a4T4 where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

-270 to 0 3.9439919 +1 6.2407452 -2 8.0773568 -5 2.6845647 -7 -9 to 7

-200 to 0 3.8749056 +1 4.5149809 -2 4.7759448 -5 -2.5773959 -8 -.14 to .13

0 to 400 3.8468407 +1 4.6651731 -2 -3.7375793 -5 1.5999833 -8 -.9 to .9

Reference

Junction

0 to 50 3.8709457 +1 3.7085566 -2 5.6495520 -5 -.1 to .1

Error

Range (µV)

Exact-

Approx.

Type T

Thermocouples

Temperature

Range (¡C) a

Quartic Equation Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp. Argument Exp.

-270 to 0 4.3553379 -3 -2.0325426 -5 -5.4720813 -9 -5.0865527 -13 -8 to 6

-200 to 0 2.3837090 -2 -2.9878839 -6 -7.1945810 -10 -1.0041943 -13 -.3 to .3

-200 to 400 2.6792411 -2 -1.0370271 -6 6.1330327 -11 -1.3988385 -15 -6 to 5 0 to 400 2.5661297 -2 -6.1954869 -7 2.2181644 -11 -3.5500900 -16 -.15 to .17

Quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature (¡C) in selected temperature ranges.

The expansion is of the form T = a0 + a1E + a2E2 + a3E3 + a4E4 where E is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius.

Error

Range (¡C)

Exact-

Approx.

B-8

Index

Basic front panel operation 3-18 Block diagram 4-13

Calibration 4-10 Calibration with thermistor probe 4-10 Calibration with thermocouple wire 4-11 Card configuration 2-2 Card connections and installation 2-1 Card connectors 2-3 Card installation and removal 2-10 Channel resistance 3-31 Closing and opening channels 3-9 Closing channels 3-9 Component layout and schematic diagram 5-1 Configure channels (CONFIG-CHAN) 3-4 Configure stepping and scanning 3-18 Connections 2-1 Contact potential tests 4-5

Dressing leads 2-4

Factory service 5-1 Features 1-1 Front panel scanner controls 3-2 Front panel scanning 3-9

General information 1-1 Ground loops 3-32

Handling and cleaning precautions 4-1 Handling precautions 1-2, 2-1, 4-1

IEEE-488 bus scanner commands 3-6 IEEE-488 bus scanning 3-10 IEEE-488 programming example (temperature

measurements) 3-15, 3-23 Inspection for damage 1-2 Instruction manual 1-2 Isolation tests 4-8

Magnetic fields 3-31 Manual addenda 1-2 Manual scanning 3-6 Measurement considerations 3-30

Open and close channels (CHAN) 3-2, 3-19 Opening channels 3-9 Operation 3-1 Optional accessories 1-3 Ordering information 5-1 Output connections 2-4 Output connections to multimeter 2-12

Parts lists 5-1 Path isolation 3-31 Path resistance tests 4-4 Performance verification 4-2 Power-on safeguard 4-14 Power-up detection 3-2 Principles of operation 4-13

Environmental conditions 4-2

Keeping connectors clean 3-33

i-1

Radio frequency interference (RFI) 3-32 Recommended equipment 4-2 Reference junction 4-14 Reference junction test 4-2 Relay control 4-14 Remote operation 3-21 Repacking for shipment 1-3 Replaceable parts 5-1 Resistance connections 2-8 Resistor temperature coefficient testing 3-28 Resistor testing 3-25 RTD temperature measurements 3-13

Safety symbols and terms 1-2 Scan configuration (CONFIG-SCAN) 3-5 Scanner card connections 4-2 Scanner card detection 3-2 Scanner card installation 2-10 Scanner card modification 4-15 Scanner card removal 2-12 Scanner option bus query 3-2 Scanning channels 3-9 Service information 4-1 Shipment contents 1-2 Signal limitations 3-2 Soldering precautions 4-2 Special handling of static-sensitive devices 4-13 Specifications 1-2 Start stepping or scanning 3-20 Switching circuits 4-14

Temperature measurements 3-11, 3-20 Temperature measurement configuration 3-21 Temperature measurement procedure 3-21 Thermocouple basics A-1 Thermocouple connections 2-6 Thermocouple conversion tables B-1 Thermocouple measurement error sources 3-30 Thermocouple measuring example A-2 Thermocouple measuring procedure A-2 Thermocouple temperature measurements 3-11 Thermocouple theory A-1 Troubleshooting 4-14 Troubleshooting access 4-14 Troubleshooting equipment 4-14 Troubleshooting procedure 4-15 Typical applications 3-25 Typical connecting schemes 2-6

Unpacking and inspection 1-2 Using EXIT to stop scanning 3-6 Using RTD and thermocouple sensors together

3-14

Using SCAN to configure scan parameters and

start scanning 3-5

Voltage connections 2-7

a Wiring procedure 2-3

i-2

Service Form

Model No. Serial No. Date

Name and Telephone No.

Company

List all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem.

❏

Intermittent

IEEE failure

❏ ❏

Front panel operational

Display or output (check one)

❏

Drifts

❏

Unstable Overload

❏

Calibration only

❏ ❏

Data required

(attach any additional sheets as necessary)

Show a block diagram of your measurement system including all instruments connected (whether power is turned on or not). Also, describe signal source.

❏

Analog output follows display

Obvious problem on power-up

❏ ❏

All ranges or functions are bad

❏

Unable to zero

❏

Will not read applied input

CertiÞcate of calibration required

❏

Particular range or function bad; specify

Batteries and fuses are OK

❏ ❏

Checked all cables

Where is the measurement being performed? (factory, controlled laboratory, out-of-doors, etc.)

What power line voltage is used? Ambient temperature? ¡F

Relative humidity? Other?

Any additional information. (If special modiÞcations have been made by the user, please describe.)

Keithley 2001-TSCAN Service and user manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

General Information

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Features

1.4 Manual addenda

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

1.7 Unpacking and inspection

1.8 Repacking for shipment

1.9 Optional accessories

Card Connections and Installation

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Handling precautions

2.3 Connections

2.4 Typical connecting schemes

2.5 Card installation and removal

Operation

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Signal limitations

3.3 Scanner card detection

3.4 Front panel scanner controls

3.5 IEEE-488 bus scanner commands

3.6 Closing and opening channels

3.7 Scanning channels

3.8 Temperature measurements

3.9 Basic front panel operation

3.10 Temperature measurements

3.11 Remote operation

3.12 Typical applications

3.13 Measurement considerations

Service Information

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Handling and cleaning precautions

4.4 Calibration

4.5 Special handling of static-sensitive devices

4.6 Principles of operation

4.7 Troubleshooting

Replaceable Parts

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Parts list

5.3 Ordering information

5.4 Factory service

5.5 Component layout and schematic diagram

A.2 Theory

A.3 Measurement procedure

A.4 Measuring example

Index