Keithley 2000 User guide

Model 2000 Multimeter

User’s Manual

2000-900-01 Rev. J / August 2010

www.keithley.com

AEM

RUS

C F

ECNED

Model 2000 Multimeter

User’s Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Document Number: 2000-900-01 Rev. J / August 2010

Table of Contents

1 General Information

Feature overview..................................................................................1-2

Manual addenda ..................................................................................1-3

Safety symbols and terms....................................................................1-3

Specifications.......................................................................................1-3

Inspections...........................................................................................1-4

Options and accessories......................................................................1-5

2 Basic Measurements

Introduction ..........................................................................................2-2

Front panel summary........................................................................... 2-3

Rear panel summary............................................................................2-6

Power-up..............................................................................................2-8

Display ...............................................................................................2-17

Measuring voltage..............................................................................2-18

Measuring current ..............................................................................2-22

Measuring resistance.........................................................................2-24

Measuring frequency and period........................................................2-26

Measuring temperature......................................................................2 -28

Math...................................................................................................2-30

Measuring continuity..........................................................................2-34

Testing di odes ....................................................................................2-35

3 Measurement Options

Introduction ..........................................................................................3-2

Measurement configuration.................................................... .. ... .........3-3

Trigger operations............................................................ ....................3-8

Buffer operations............................................................................... .3-17

Limit operations.................................................................................. 3 -20

Scan operations ................................................................................. 3 -22

System operations .............................................................................3-32

4 Remote Operation

Introduction ..........................................................................................4-2

Selecting a language............................................................................4-4

RS-232 operation.................................................................................4-6

GPIB bus operation and reference.......................................................4-9

Status structure ..................................................................................4-19

Trigger model (GPIB operation).........................................................4-29

Programming syntax ............................ ... .......................................... .4-32

Common commands..........................................................................4-39

5 SCPI Command Reference

SCPI Signal oriented measurement commands ..................................5-3

SCPI command subsystems reference tables.....................................5-7

Calculate subsystem..........................................................................5-20

DISPlay subsystem............................................................................5-26

:FORMat subsystem ..........................................................................5-28

ROUTe subsystem .............................................................................5-32

[SENSe[1]] subsystem.......................................................................5-37

STATus subsystem ............................................................................5-52

:SYSTem subsystem..........................................................................5-61

:TRACe subsystem............................................................................5-68

Trigger subsystem .............................................................................5-70

:UNIT subsystem ...............................................................................5-74

B Status and Error Messages

C Example Programs

Program examples...............................................................................C-2

D Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands

E IEEE-488 Bus Overview

Introduction..........................................................................................E-2

Bus description....................................................................................E-4

Bus lines..............................................................................................E-6

Bus commands....................................................................................E-8

Interface function codes........................................ .............................E-15

F IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information

Introduction..........................................................................................F-2

General

Information

1-2 General Information

Introduction

This section contains general information about the Model 2000 Multimeter. The informa-

tion is organized as follows:

• Feature overview

• Manual addenda

• Safety symbols and terms

• Specifications

• Inspection

• Options and accessories

If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our Applications Engineers at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. and Canada only). Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual.

Feature overview

The Model 2000 is a 6½-digit high-performance digital multimeter. It has 0.002% 90-day basic DC voltage accuracy and 0.008% 90-day basic resistance accuracy. At 6½ digits, the multimeter delivers 50 triggered readings/sec over the IEEE-488 bus. At 4½ digits, it can read up to 2000 readings/sec into its internal buffer. The Model 2000 has broad measure ment ranges:

• DC voltage from 0.1μV to 1000V.

• AC (RMS) voltage from 0.1μV to 750V, 1000V peak.

• DC current from 10nA to 3A.

• AC (RMS) current from 1μA to 3A.

• Two and four-wire resistance from 100µΩ to 120MΩ.

• Frequency from 3Hz to 500kHz.

• Thermocouple temperature from -200°C to +1372°C.

Some additional capabilities of the Model 2000 include:

• Full range of functions — In addition to those listed above, the Model 2000 functions include period, dB, dBm, continuity, diode testing, mX+b, and percent.

• Optional scanning — For internal scanning, options include the Model 2000-SCAN, a 10-channel, general-purpose card, and the Model 2001-TCSCAN, a 9-cha nnel, thermocouple card with a built-in cold junction. For external scanning, the Model 2000 is compatible with Keithley's Model 7001 and 7002 switch matrices and cards.

• Programming languages and remote interfaces — The Model 2000 offers three programming language choices (SCPI, Keithley Models 196/199, and Fluke 8840A/ 8842A) and two remote interface ports (IEEE-488/GPIB and RS-232C).

• Reading and setup storage — Up to 1024 readings and two setups (user and factory defaults) can be stored and recalled.

• Closed-cover calibration — The instrument can be calibrated either from the front panel or remote interface.

Manual addenda

Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual. Be sure to note these changes and incorporate them into the manual.

Safety symbols and terms

The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this manual.

The symbol on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on the instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

1-3

1-4 General Information

Inspection

The Model 2000 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (Note: There may be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent imme diately. Save the original packing carton for possible future reshipment. The following items are included with every Model 2000 order:

• Model 2000 Multimeter with line cord.

• Safety test leads (Model 1751).

• Accessories as ordered.

• Certificate of calibration.

• Model 2000 User's Manual (P/N 2000-900-00).

• Model 2000 Calibration Manual (P/N 2000-905-00).

• Model 2000 Support Software Disk including TestPoint run-time applications, TestPoint instrument libraries for GPIB and RS-232, and QuickBASIC examples.

If an additional manual is required, order the appropriate manual package. The manual

packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda.

Options and accessories

The following options and accessories are available from Keithley for use with the Model

2000.

Scanner cards

Model 2000-SCAN: This is a 10-channel scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000. Channels can be configured for 2-pole or 4-pole opera tion. Included are two pairs of leads for connection to Model 2000 rear panel inputs (Keithley P/N CA-109).

Model 2001-TCSCAN: This is a thermocouple scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000. The card has nine analog input channels that can be used for high-accuracy, high-speed scanning. A built-in temperature reference allows multi-channel, coldjunction compensated temperature measurements using thermocouples.

General purpose probes

Model 1754 Universal T est Lead Kit: Consists of one set of test leads (0.9m), two spade lugs, two banana plugs, two hooks, and two alligator clips.

Model 8605 High Performance Modular Test Leads: Consists of two high voltage (1000V) test probes and leads. The test leads are terminated with a banana plug with retractable sheath on each end.

Model 8606 High Performance Probe Tip Kit: Consists of two spade lugs, two alligator clips, and two spring hook test probes. (The spade lugs and alligator clips are rated at 30V RMS, 42.4V peak; the test probes are rated at 1000V.) These components are for use with high performance test leads terminated with banana plugs, such as the Model 8605.

1-5

The following test leads and probes are rated at 30V RMS, 42.4V peak:

Models 5805 and 5805-12 Kelvin Probes: Consists of two spring-loaded Kelvin test probes with banana plug termination. Designed for instruments that measure 4-terminal resistance. The Model 5805 is 0.9m long; the Model 5805-12 is 3.6m long.

Model 5806 Kelvin Clip Lead Set: Includes two Kelvin clip test leads (0.9m) with banana plug termination. Designed for instruments that measure 4-terminal resistance. A set of eight replacement rubber bands is available as Keithley P/N GA-22.

Model 8604 SMD Probe Set: Consists of two test leads (0.9m), each terminated with a surface mount device “grabber” clip on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end.

Low thermal probes

Model 8610 Low Thermal Shorting Plug: Consists of four banana plugs mounted to a 1inch square circuit board, interconnected to provide a short circuit among all plugs.

1-6 General Information

Model 8611 Low Thermal Patch Leads: Consists of two test leads (0.9m), each with a banana plug with a retractable sheath at each end. These leads minimize the thermallyinduced offsets that can be created by test leads.

Model 8612 Low Thermal Spade Leads: Consists of two test leads (0.9m), each terminated with a spade lug on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end. These leads minimize the thermally-induced offsets that can be created by test leads.

Cables and adapters

Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 Shielded GPIB Cables: Connect the Model 2000 to the GPIB bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The Model 7007-1 is 1m long; the Model 7007-2 is 2m long.

Models 8501-1 and 8501-2 Trigger Link Cables: Connect the Model 2000 to other instruments with Trigger Link connectors (e.g., Model 7001 Switch System). The Model 8501-1 is 1m long; the Model 8501-2 is 2m long.

Model 8502 Trigger Link Adapter: Allows you to connect any of the six Trigger Link lines of the Model 2000 to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors.

Model 8504 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable: Allows you to connect Trigger Link lines one (V oltmeter Complete) and two (External Trigger) of the Model 2000 to instruments that use BNC trigger connectors. The Model 8504 is 1m long.

Rack mount kits

Model 4288-1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit: Mounts a single Model 2000 in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-2 Side-by-Side Rack Mount Kit: Mounts two instruments (Models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 6517, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-3 Side-by-Side Rack Mount Kit: Mounts a Model 2000 and a Model 199 sideby-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-4 Side-by-Side Rack Mount Kit: Mounts a Model 2000 and a 5.25-inch instrument (Models 195A, 196, 220, 224, 230, 263, 595, 614, 617, 705, 740, 775, etc.) side-byside in a standard 19-inch rack.

Carrying case

Model 1050 Padded Carrying Case: A carrying case for a Model 2000. Includes handles and shoulder strap.

Basic

Measurements

Basic Measurements

This section summarizes front panel operation of the Model 2000. It is organized as follows:

• Front panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections.

• Rear panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes connections.

• Power-up — Describes connecting the instrument to line power, the power-up sequence, the warm-up time, and default conditions.

• Display — Discusses the display format and messages that may appear while using the instrument.

• Measuring voltage — Covers DC and AC voltage measurement connections and low level voltage considerations.

• Measuring current — Covers DC and AC current measurement connections and current fuse replacement.

• Measuring resistance — Details two and four-wire measurement connections and shielding considerations.

• Measuring frequency and period — Covers frequency and period measurement connections.

• Measuring temperature — Describes the use of thermocouples for temperature measurements.

• Math — Covers the mX+b, percent, dBm, and dB math functions performed on single readings.

• Measuring continuity — Explains setting up and measuring continuity of a circuit.

• Testing diodes — Describes testing general-purpose and zener diodes.

The front panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure includes important

2000 MULTIMETER

RANGE

500V PEAK

FRONT/REAR

3A 250V

AMPS

INPUTS

350V PEAK

1000V PEAK

AUTO

SHIFT

LOCAL

POWER

RANGE

SHIFT

CH1REM TALK LSTN SRQ

STAT

REL FILT

BUFFER

MATH REAR

SCAN

TIMER

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

INPUT

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

EXIT ENTER

DIGITS RATE

RELFILTER

TRIG

EX TRIG

STORE

RECALL

OPEN CLOSE

DCV

DCI

MX+B

dBm

ACV

ACI

Ω2 Ω4

FREQ

TEMP

CONT

PERIOD TCOUPL

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

HOLD

SAVE SETUP

CONFIG HALT

TEST

RS232

GPIB

CAL

STEP SCAN

abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument.

Figure 2-1 Model 2000 front panel

1 Function keys (shifted and unshifted)

Select measurement function (DC and AC voltage, DC and AC current, 2-wire and 4-wire resistance, frequency, period, temperature with thermocouples), math func

tion (mX+b, %, dBm, dB), or special function (continuity, diode test).

2 Operation keys

EXTRIG Selects external triggers (front panel, bus, trigger link) as the trigger

source. TRIG Triggers a measure m ent from the front panel. STORE Enables reading storage. RECALL Displays stored readings and buffer statistics (maximum, minimum, av-

erage, standard deviation). Use ▲ and ▼ to scroll through buffer; use

and to toggle between reading number and reading. FIL TER Displays digital filter status for present function and toggles filter on/off. REL Enables/disables relative reading on present function.

and Moves through selections within functions and operations. If scanner

card installed, manually scans channels. OPEN Opens all channels on internal scanner card; stops scanning. CLOSE Closes selected internal channel. STEP Steps through channels; sends a trigger after each channel. SCAN Scans through channels; sends a trigger after last channel. DIGITS Changes number of digits of resolution. RATE Changes reading rate: fast, medium, slow. EXIT Cancels selection, moves back to measurement display. ENTER Accepts selection, moves to next choice or back to measurement dis-

SHIFT Used to access shifted keys. LOCAL Cancels GPIB remote mode.

play.

3 Shifted operation keys

DELAY Sets user delay between trigger and measurement. HOLD Holds reading when the selected number of samples is within the selected

tolerance. LIMITS Sets upper and lower limit values for readings. ON/OFF Enables/disables limits; selects beeper operation for limit testing. TEST Selects built-in tests, diagnostics, display test. CAL Accesses calibration. SAVE Saves present configuration for power-on user default. SETUP Restores factory or user default configuration. CONFIG Selects minimum/maximum channels, timer, and reading count for step/

scan. HALT Turns off step/scan. GPIB Enables/disables GPIB interface; selects address and language. RS232 Enables/disables RS-232 interface; select s baud rate, flo w control, termina-

tor.

4 Range keys

Moves to higher range; increments digit; moves to next selection.

Moves to lower range; decrements digit; moves to previous selection. AUTO Enables/disables autorange.

5 Annunciators

*(asterisk) Reading being stored. (diode) Instrument is in diode testing function. (speaker) Beeper on for continuity or limits testing.

)))

(more) Indicates additional selections are available. 4W 4-wire resistance reading displayed. AUTO Autoranging enabled. BUFFER Recalling stored readings. CH 1-10 Displayed internal channel is closed. ERR Questionable reading; invalid cal step. FAST Fast reading rate. FILT Digital filter enabled. HOLD Instrument is in hold mode. LSTN Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB. MATH Math function (mX+b, %, dB, dBm) enabled. MED Medium reading rate. REAR Reading acquired from rear inputs. REL Relative reading displayed. REM Instrument is in GPIB remote mode. SCAN Instrument is in scan mode. SHIFT Accessing shifted keys. SLOW Slow reading rate. SRQ Service request over GPIB. STAT Displaying buffer statistics. STEP Instrument is in step mode. TALK Instrument addressed to talk over GPIB. TIMER Timed scans in use. TRIG Indicates external trigger (front panel, bus, trigger link) selected.

6 Input connections

INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts, AC volts, 2-wire resistance measure-

ments.

AMPS Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC

current measurements. Also holds current input fuse (3A, 250V , fast blow, 5×20mm).

SENSE Ω4 WIRE Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire resistance mea-

sure-

HI and LO ments.

7 INPUTS

Selects input connections on front or rear panel.

8 Handle

Pull out and rotate to desired position.

Rear panel summary

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

RS232

3 5

4 6

VMC

EXT TRIG

FUSE LINE

250mAT

(SB)

100 VAC 120 VAC

125mAT

(SB)

220 VAC 240 VAC

120

34 5

MADE IN

U.S.A.

INPUT

500V PEAK

350V PEAK

1000V

PEAK

TRIGGER

LINK

SENSE

Ω 4W

LINE RATING

50, 60 400HZ

17 VA MAX

IEEE-488

(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS

FROM FRONT PANEL)

EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT

Trigger Reading

>72μsec

TTL HI

TTL LO

Reading

Complete

VOLT METER COMPLETE OUTPUT

>10μsec

TTL HI

TTL LO

The rear panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure includes important

abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument.

Figure 2-2 Model 2000 rear panel

1 Option slot

An optional scanner card (Model 2000-SCAN, 2001-SCAN, or 2001-TCSCAN) installs in this slot.

2 Input connections

INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts, AC volts, 2-wire resistance measure-

ments and for connecting scanner card.

SENSE Ω4 WIRE Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire resistance measure-

ments

HI and LO and also for connecting scanner card.

3 TRIGGER LINK

One 8-pin micro-DIN connector for sending and receiving trigger pulses among other instruments. Use a trigger link cable or adapter, such as Models 8501-1, 8501-2, 8502, 8504.

4 RS-232

Connector for RS-232 operation. Use a straight-through (not null modem) DB-9 cable.

5 IEEE-488

Connector for IEEE-488 (GPIB) operation. Use a shielded cable, such as Models 7007-1 and 7007-2.

6 Power module

Contains the AC line receptacle, power line fuse, and line voltage setting. The Model 2000 can be configured for line voltages of 100V/120V/220V/240VAC at line frequen cies of 45Hz to 66Hz or 360Hz to 440Hz.

2-7

Model 2000

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

RS232

3 5

4 6

VMC EXT TRIG

FUSE LINE

250mAT

(SB)

100 VAC 120 VAC

125mAT

(SB)

220 VAC 240 VAC

120

MADE IN

U.S.A.

INPUT

500V

PEAK

350V

PEAK

1000V PEAK

TRIGGER

LINK

SENSE

Ω 4W

LINE RATING

50, 60 400HZ

17 VA MAX

IEEE-488

(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS

FROM FRONT PANEL)

120

240

220

100

Fuse

Spring

Window

Line Voltage Selector

Fuse Holder Assembly

2-8 Basic Measurements

Power-up

Line power connection

Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2000 to line power and turn on the

instrument.

1. Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see Figure 2-3) is correct for the operating voltage in your area. If not, refer to the next procedure, “Setting line voltage and replacing fuse.”

CAUTION Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage to

2. Before plugging in the power cord, make sure that the front panel power switch is in the off (0) position.

3. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet.

WARNING The power cord supplied with the Model 2000 contains a separate ground

the instrument, possibly voiding the warranty.

wire for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in per sonal injury or death due to electric shock.

Figure 2-3 Power module

4. Turn on the instrument by pressing the front panel power switch to the on (1) po sition.

Setting line voltage and replacing fuse

A rear panel fuse located next to the AC receptacle protects the power line input of the instrument. If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be re placed, perform the following steps.

WARNING Make sure the instrument is disconnected from the AC line and other equip-

ment before changing the line voltage setting or replacing the line fuse.

1. Place the tip of a flat-blade screwdriver into the power module by the fuse holder assembly (see Figure 2-3). Gently push in and to the left. Release pressure on the assembly and its internal spring will push it out of the power module.

2. Remove the fuse and replace it with the type listed in Table 2-1.

CAUTION For continued protection against fire or instrument damage, only replace

fuse with the type and rating listed. If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse. See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information.

3. If configuring the instrument for a different line voltage, remove the line voltage selector from the assembly and rotate it to the proper position. When the selector is installed into the fuse holder assembly, the correct line voltage appears inverted in the window.

4. Install the fuse holder assembly into the power module by pushing it in until it locks in place.

2-9

Table 2-1

Fuse ratings

Line voltage Fuse rating Keithley P/N

100/120V 220/240V

0.25A slow-blow 5×20mm

0.125A slow-blow 5×20mm

FU-96-4 FU-91

2-10 Basic Measurements

Power-up sequence

On power-up, the Model 2000 performs self-tests on its EPROM and RAM and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on. (Error messages are listed in Appendix B.)

NOTE If a problem develops while the instrument is under warranty, return it to Keithley

If the instrument passes the self-tests, the firmware revision levels are displayed. An example of this display is:

REV: A01 A02

where: A01 is the main board ROM revision.

After the power-up sequence, the instrument begins its normal display of readings.

Instruments, Inc., for repair.

A02 is the display board ROM revision.

High energy circuit safety precautions

To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and

use the directions in the following warning.

WARNING Dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause

severe personal injury or death. If the multimeter is connected to a high energy circuit when set to a current range, low resistance range, or any other low impedance range, the circuit is virtually shorted. Dangerous arcing can result even when the multimeter is set to a voltage range if the minimum volt age spacing is reduced in the external connections.

When making measurements in high energy circuits, use test leads that meet the follow-

ing requirements:

• Test leads should be fully insulated.

• Only use test leads that can be connected to the circuit (e.g., alligator clips, spade lugs, etc.) for hands-off measurements.

• Do not use test leads that decrease voltage spacing. These diminishes arc protection and create a hazardous condition.

Use the following sequence when testing power circuits:

1. De-energize the circuit using the regular installed connect-disconnect device, such as a circuit breaker, main switch, etc.

2. Attach the test leads to the circuit under test. Use appropriate safety rated test leads for this application.

3. Set the multimeter to the proper function and range.

4. Energize the circuit using the installed connect-disconnect device and make measurements without disconnecting the multimeter.

5. De-energize the circuit using the installed connect-disconnect device.

6. Disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test.

WARNING The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between INPUT LO and the

chassis ground) is 500V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insulation, creating a shock hazard.

Power-on defaults

Power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The Model 2000 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last configuration you saved. The SAVE and SETUP keys select the two choices of power-on defaults.

To save presen t configuration as user settings:

1. Configure the instrument as desired for USER default.

2. Press SHIFT then SAVE.

3. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select YES or NO.

4. Press ENTER.

To restore factory or user settings:

1. Press SHIFT then SETUP.

2. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select FACTory or USER.

3. Press ENTER.

Since the basic measurement procedures in this manual assume the factory defaults, reset the instrument to the factory settings when following step-by-step procedures. Table 2-2 lists the factory default settings.

Table 2-2

Factory defaults

Setting Factory default Autozero

Buffer Continuity

Beeper Digits Rate Threshold

Current (AC and DC)

Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter

Count

Mode Range Relative

Value

Rate (AC) Rate (DC)

Diode test

Digits Range Rate

Frequency and Period

Digits Range Relative

Value Rate

Function GPIB

Address Language

Limits

Beeper High limit Low limit

mX+b

Scale factor Offset

Percent

References

On No effect

On 4½ Fast (0.1 PLC) 10Ω

5½ 6½ On

10 Moving average Auto Off

0.0 Medium (DETector BANDwidth 30) Medium (1 PLC)

6½ 1mA Medium (1 PLC)

6½ 10V

Off

0.0 Slow (1 sec) DCV No effect (16 at factory) (SCPI at factory) Off Never +1

-1 Off

1.0

0.0 Off

1.0

Table 2-2 (cont.)

Factory defaults

Setting Factory default Resistance (2-wire and 4-wire)

Digits Filter

Count

Mode Range Relative

Value

Rate

RS-232

Baud Flow Tx term

Scanning

Channels Mode

6½ On 10 Moving average Auto Off

0.0 Medium (1 PLC) Off No effect No effect No effect Off 1-10 Internal

Temperature

Digits Filter

Count

Mode Junction

Temperature Relative

Value Rate Thermocouple Units

5½ On 10 Moving average Simulated 23°C Off

0.0 Medium (1 PLC) J °C

Triggers

Continuous Delay Source

On Auto Immediate

Table 2-2 (cont.)

Factory defaults

Setting Factory default Voltage (AC and DC)

dB reference dBm reference Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter

Count

Mode Range Relative

Value Rate (AC) Rate (DC)

No effect 75Ω 5½ 6½ On 10 Moving average Auto Off

0.0 Medium* Medium (1 PLC)

GPIB primary address

The GPIB primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller’s programming language. The default primary address of the instrument is 16, but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following step by step instructions.

1. Press SHIFT then GPIB.

2. Use the and keys to select ADDRess. Or, press ENTER. Once you have

pressed ENTER, the unit automatically displays the address selection.

3. Use the and keys to toggle from ADDRess to the numeric entry. Notice the

values are blinking.

4. Use the and keys to change the numeric entries to the desired address.

5. Press ENTER.

See Section Four — Remote Operation for more GPIB information.

Warm-up time

The Model 2000 is ready for use as soon as the power-up sequence has completed. However, to achieve rated accuracy, all ow the instrument to warm up for one hour. If the instrument has been subjected to extreme temperatures, allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize.

Display

Status and error messages

The display of the Model 2000 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See Fig ure 2-1 for a complete listing of annunciators.

Status and error messages are displayed momentarily . During Model 2000 operation and programming, you will encounter a number of front panel messages. Typical messages are either of status or error variety, as listed in Appendix B.

Measuring voltage

The Model 2000 can make DCV measurements from 0.1µV to 1000V and ACV measure-

ments from 0.1µV to 750V RMS, 1000V peak.

Connections

Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows:

1. Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.

2. Select the measurement function by pressing DCV or ACV. Pressing AUTO toggles autoranging. Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging. If you want manual ranging, use the RANGE and keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected voltage.

4. Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2-4.

CAUTION Do not apply more than 1000V peak to the input or instrument damage may

occur. The voltage limit is subject to the 8 × 107V•Hz product.

5. Observe the display. If the “OVERFLOW” message is displayed, select a higher range until an o normal reading is displayed (or press AUTO for autoranging). Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution.

6. Take readings from the display.

Crest factor

AC voltage and current accuracies are affected by the crest factor of the waveform, the ratio of the peak value to the RMS value. Table 2-3 lists the fundamental frequencies at which the corresponding crest factor must be taken into account for accuracy calculations.

Table 2-3

Crest factor limitations

Crest factor Fundamental frequency

2 3 4-5

50kHz 3kHz 1kHz

2001 MULTIMETER

Caution: Maximum Input = 750V RMS, 1000V peak, 8 x 107 V•Hz

AC Voltage

Source

Model 2000

Input Impedence = 1MΩ and 100pF

SHIFT

CH1REM TALK LSTN SRQ

STATREL FILT4WBUFFER

MATH REAR

SCAN

TIMER

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8CH9 CH1

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

2001 MULTIMETER

Model 2000

Caution : Maximum Input = 1010V peak

DC Voltage

Source

Input Resistance = 10MΩ on 1000V and 100V ranges ; > 10GΩ on 10V, 1V and 100mV ranges.

SHIFT

CH1REM TALK LSTN SRQ

STATREL FILT4WBUFFER

MATH

REAR

SCAN

TIMER

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

Figure 2-4 DC and AC voltage measurements

Low level considerations

For sensitive measurements, external considerations beyond the Model 2000 affect the accuracy. Ef fects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are significant in micro volt signals. The Model 2000 reads only the signal received at its input; therefore, it is important that this signal be properly transmitted from the source. The following paragraphs indicate factors that affect accuracy, including stray signal pick-up and thermal offsets.

Shielding

AC voltages that are extremely large compared with the DC signal to be measured may produce an erroneous output. Therefore, to minimize AC interference, the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the Model 2000 INPUT LO (particularly for low level sources). Improper shielding can cause the Model 2000 to behave in one or more of the following ways:

• Unexpected offset voltages.

• Inconsistent readings between ranges.

• Sudden shifts in reading.

To minimize pick-up, keep the voltage source and the Model 2000 away from strong AC magnetic sources. The voltage induced due to magnetic flux is proportional to the area of the loop formed by the input leads. Therefore, minimize the loop area of the input leads and connect each signal at only one point.

NOTE Shielded cables should be used for input circuits to avoid interference caused by

conducting RF.

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