Keithley 196 User Manual
INTRODUCTION
This reference and~programming guide contains condensed
,.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONDENSE,, SPECIFICATIONS ................. 3
MODEL 196 FEATURES
FRONT PANEL PROGAAMS ................. 17-23
FRONT PANEL TRIGGERING ................
IEEE-438 PROGRAMMlNG
TRANSLATOR SOFTWARE
PROGRAMS
.....................
..................
.................
lo-16
29-39
40-44
...............
CONDENSED SPECIFICATIONS
DC VOLTS
GH-Digit Accuracy
Range 1 Year, 18 -28~C
300mV
3: “, 0.0038 0.008 * + 20 30
300 V 0.009 $ 30~
‘When properly zeroed.
i(%rdg + counts)
b,00* ~~+ I&’
dB (Ref. = IV)
Aecumcy
1 Year, 190 -28cC
Input ZDHz-20kHz 2OkHz-1OOkM
-34 to 49dB
12omv to 3oow 0.2 0.4
- 54 to -34dB
(2mV to zomw 1.1 3’
’ Typical
OHMS
6YeDigti Accuracy
Range
300 0’ 0.010 + 202
3 kQ’ 0.007 + 20
30 kB’ 0.007 f 20
300 kiI 0.021 + 20
3MR 0.021 +-20
30MO 0.1 + 50
3ODMG’ 2.0 + 5
‘4.terminal ?mmacy, 3C!QR-3OkQ range.
z When properly zeroed.
CONFIGURATION: Automatic 2- or 4-wiw. Offset cornpen-
Sation available an 30061-30kfiranges. Allowable compensation of *lOmV on 3OGll range and f100mV on 3m and
3cw ranges.
OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE: 5SV maximum.
+(%rdg +~ counts)
1 Year, 18” -28OC
4
DC AMPS
WeDigit Accuracy
&(#rdg + counts)
1 Year, 180 -29QC
0.09 + 20
0.05 + IO
0.05 + 10
0.05 * 10
0.09 + 10
Maximum Voltage
Burden
0.4v
0.4”
0.4”
0.5v
2v
TRMS AC AMPS
S’h-Digit Accuracy
+wdg +‘counts)
1 Year, w-29W’
Range ZOHz-45Hz 45Hz-1OkHz Burden
300 fi 2 + 100 0.9 +‘~ 100 0.4v
3mA 2 + 100 0.6 + 100 0.4v
30mA 2 + 100 0.6 + 100 D.4V
300mA 2 + 100 0.6. + 100 0.6”
3 A 2 + 100 0.6 + 100 2V
LFor sinewave inputs above 2000 co~ulnts
RESPONSE: True root mean square, AC coupled.
NON-SINUSODIAL INPUTS: Specified accuracy for
fundamental frequencies <lkHz. CF ~3, at K full scale.
Maximum Voltage
5
dB (Ref. = 1mA)
Input
-34 to +69dS
(20~A to 3A)
-54 to -34dB
(2pA to 2O,A
Accuracy rdB
1 Year, iSo -28%
ZOHz-IOkHz
0.2
0.9
8
Offset Compensated Ohms: Rates are 0.5 x normal mux
on ohms rate*.
IReading rates are for on-wnge on-scale readings with
internal filter off, for 3V. 3k% and 3mA ranges. 6%. and
5%.digit rates are for 60Hz operation. Values in Paren-
thesis are for 50Hz operation.
‘Internal filfer on.
7
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
DISPLAY MESSAGES
Error Messages’
E’PROM failure on power up. See
JO PROGRAM Invalid entry while Wing to select [I
O.VERFLO KQ
r
program. -
guide.
INPUT SWITCH
10
RANGEGROUP
AUTO Range
Pressing the AUTO button places the Model
autorange and turns on the AUTO indicator light.
Manual Range
Pressing the A button CBUSBS the M~odel 196 to uprange.
Pressing the V bunon causes the instrument to downrange.
Either button disables autaranging.
196 in
“.
H
FUNCTION
These buttons are used lo s&c, the DC yolt~ IDCVI, AC
volts iKW, Ohms ID), DC murent IDCA), and AC current
(ACAl functions.
MODIFIERS
c
MODIFIER
)
ZERO
The Zero feature serves as a meam. of zero correction or
baseline suppression by allowing a stored offset value to
be subtracted from subsequent readings. When the ZERO
button is pressed, the instwment triggers a conversion and
stores the reading as a zero value. Program ZERO allows
the we, ,o manually enter the zero value. All subsequent
readings represent the~~differences between the applied
signal level and the zero value A zero value can be established for any or all measurement functions and is
remembered by each function.
OPERATION
1. Select function and range.
2. Turn ZERO off if presently on.
3. Apply a short or baseline signal to the input.
4. Press the ZERO button. The display will read zero.
5. Disconnect the short or baseline signal and apply the
_:___, .^ L^ -^“^.l_^_l
Each filtered measurement is first filtered for three time con-
~tant~ before being displayed. A time c(~~stant is measured
in readings. The number of readings in one time constant
is equal to the filter value. Thus, for a filter vakx of 10, three
time constants is equal to 30 readings.
OPERATION
with Program FILTER. set to the desirti filter value and press
the FKTER button. The indicator will turn on and flash
unrii a fully filtered reading is obtained.
dB
The dB button selects the dB measurement mode with the
instrument in the ACV or ACA functions. When measuring
in dB, it is possible to compress a wide range of nwasummenti into a much smaller scope. The displayed reading is
directly in dB. The relationship between dB and voltage/
current can be expressed by the following equations:
dB = 20 log -
lV,I
dB = 20 log -
x.,1
where:
Factory Default V,., = 1V
I,,, = 1mA
From the above ewation. it can be derived that 1v or 1rnA
at the input (V,. and IL,) &ill result in a OdB reading on the
Model 196.
There are two methods that can be used to change the
reference value One method is to use the zero feature This
consists of applying a signal to the inslrument and pressing
the ZERO button. The suppressed level is the d6 reference
(DdB point). An alternate method is to use Program d8 to
enter the desired reference value.
OPERATION
Operation consists of selecting ACV Or ACA, changing (if
desired) the dB reference, applying the signal to be
measured, and pressing the dB button.
d9m Measurements:
dBm is decibels above or below a 1mW reference. Measurement in dBm can be referenced to impedance rather than
voltage or current. Because the instrument cannot directly I~
establish impedance references, an equivalent voltage must
be calculated and established for a particular impedance
reference. Use the following equation to calculate the
equivalent voltage:
V,, for OdBm =
J
(1mWb IL.,1
15
d&V Measurements:
dBW is decibels above or below a IW reference
Measurements in dBW are made in the same manner as
dBm maasuremen~; lhat is, calculating and establishing
the voltage reference for a pardcular impedance. Use the
following equation to calculate the voltage reference:
V,., for OdBW =
Jz-
16
FRONT PANEL PROGRAMS
The CONTROL buttons IPRGM and ENTER), along with thedata buttons (k, 0 through 91. are used to manipulate front
pane, programs.
,,
,, ,. ., ~.~ .~.~..
Program
0 (Menui Display sottware level and
2 lResol”tioni Change display resolution
) Description
list available front panel
proQram*.
: (3Kd. 4%d, 6%d or 6Kd,.
! 4 iMX+Bl
5 (Hl/LO/Passi Enable/disable HIIUVPass
6 (Muxl
30 evei Save cUrrent front panel
1 31 (IEEE Address) Recall/modify IEEE address.
Enable MX+B program.
program.
Recall status. enable/disable
avtolcal multiplexer.
setup.
32 Line Frequencyi +xzall/modify line frequenv
33 (Self Test1 Enter self-test program.
34 CMXtB Parametenl Recall/modify MXf6 pro-
satting ~50/6UHzl.
gram “due.
Recall/modify Hi/LO limits.
Enter digital calibration
made.
Returns 196 to factory
default wnditiona.
Recall starus, enable/disable
Program Selection
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