JRC NDR-91 Instruction Manual

2 REV.

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

RECEIVER

o+

O*

@

flrytnadioCo.,Ild.

MODEL

NRD-91

RECEIVER

OUTSIDE

VIEW

(DESK-MOUNT

TYPE)

#

û

o
o

ôffiË

MODEL NRD-91 RECEIVER

OUTSIDE VIEW

(CONSOLE

OR

RACK TYPE)

ô

CONTENTS

CAUTION

1. GENERAL

DESCRIPTION

1.1

FEATURES

1.2

SPEC|F|CAT|ONS

. . . . . .

2.

COMPOSTTTON

2.1

STANDARDCOMPOSITION

2.2

oPTtONS

2
2
2

5
5
5

3.

INSTALLATION

3.1

INSTALLATION

3.2

ANTI-INDUCTION

OF THE

TRANSMITTING

WAVE

3.3

CONNECTION

OF EXTERNAL

LINES

3.4

HOW

TO

MOUNT

AUX

CRYSTAL

OPE RATION

4.1

OPERATION PANEL

4.2

OPERATINGPROCEDURES

4.2.1

Basic

Operation

of

SSB Reception

4.2.2

Basic Operation

of

CW

Reception

4.2.3

Operation

of DSB

Reception

4.2.4

Operation

of FSK

Reception

4.2.5

Operation

of FAX

Reception

. .

.

4.2.6

Further

Operation

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

5.1

RECEIVING SECTION

5.2

LOCAL SIGANL

GENERATOR

SECTION

5.3

PANEL

SECTION

5.4

POWER

SUPPLY

SECTION

MAINTENANCE

6.1

GENERAL

6.2

GENERAL MAINTENANCE

AND CHECK

.

6.3 TROUBLESHOOTING

6.3.1 Decline of the

Sensitivity

6

6
6
6
9

l0
l0
t2
l3
l3
l3

t4
t4
l5

t6
t6
l6
t7
l8

t9
t9

t9
20
20

4.

5.

6.

-l-

6.3

.2 No

Sound . . .

2L

6.3.3

NoiseandBeat

....

.21

6.3.4 Interference by the

Transmitter

of

Your

Station

22

6.3.5

Intermodulation

23

Appendixed Drawings

Parts Arrangements
Block

Diagram

Outline

Drawing

Circuit

Diagrams

Speaker

Unit

-ll-

CAUTION

l. Read

this instruction

manual thoroughly before turning on

this receiver.

2.

When

connecting

the BK cable and

other cables, refer to Fig. 3.3 of

Paragraph

3.3.

3. When the

transmitting

waves are strongly

induced in the receiving antenna, take the

counter-

measure

described

in Paragraph 3.2.

4.

Do not turn

semifixed

resistors, high frequency transformers, trimmer capacitors, etc.

mounted

on

the

printed

circuit board

unless

absolutely

necessary,

because

they

are all

preadjusted

at the

factory.

5.

If

the

MHz

knob

is set at inadequate

position,

the

receiver is muted.

Therefore, the

MHz

knob must be

set

correctlv.

6. This

receiver

has low-voltage-operable

ICs and transistors. Be sure to turn

off both

power

switohes

when connecting

or removing the

printed

circuit board and cables to external

equipments.

1. If

the

AUX

mode

is

selected at a condition

where

additional

crystal

is

not

provided,

the

receiver operates

actually

in the DSB mode even though the AUX

mode

is indicated on the

front

panel.

8. The

illumination

of LEDS

(Receiving

frequency,

Mode

and Bandwidth

indicators) is

gradually

reduced as

turning

f-DlMMEil

knob

counterclockwise.

Finally they

fade

out

completely

at the minimum

position.

().

When

the ntode

is

except

SSB

and Frequency

Display

shows

the tiequency

between

000.0kH2

and 001.4kH2,

MHz

LED

displays the

frequerlcy

obtained by adding

lMHz to

the

display

of MHz Selector

Switch.

In

such

a case, Receiver

receives the frequency dis-

played

by LED.

10. When

the rnode

is except SSB,

the upper

limit of

the received

fiequency

to

be

displayed

is

3000

| .4kHz

and

the

lower limit

is

001

.5

kHz.

-l-

1.

GENERAL

DESCRIPTION

The

model

NRD-91

Receiver

is a highly

reliable

receiver

with the

simple

circuit

com-

position,

developed

by JRC

based

on

our many

year's

experiment

and

technical

results.

PLL

syuthesizer

is equipped

in

the first

local

oscillator

to

prvode

the high

accuracy

of

frequency

setting,

so that

this receiver

has

enough

performances

for

use

in the

SSB mode

as a

back-up

receiver.

1.1 FEATURES
I

)

Provided

with

digital

synthesizer

of PLL

type

The reference

oscillator

with

the high

stability

(t5

x

l0-6ppm)

ensures

high

stability

of

fiequencies

over

a

wide frequency

range

for

reception.

2)

Wide

receiving frequency

range

This receiver

covers

the wide

receiving

frequency

range

from

90 kHz

to 29.9999

MHz.

3)

Digital

indication

of

receiving

frequencies

This receiver

is

provided

with

light

emitting

diodes

for

a numerical

display

of the

receiving

frequency

from

100

Hz

digit

to l0

MHz

digit.

Therefore,

the frequency

can be set

correctly.

4)

BC band

rejector

BC band rejector

reduces

the interferences

such

as

cross-modulation

and intermodulation

due to

the

strong radio

wave

of

the

broadcasting

wave

generating

during

receiving

the

MHF

radio

wave.

5) Directly

connected

to

Teleprinter

and FAX

The line output

terminal,

600St

0 dBm,

is

provided.

By

adding the

optional

crystal, FSk

or

FAX

can be received

in

the

AUX mode.

At this time,

the

center

frequency

of

the line

output

is 1.7

kHz

and l.9 kHz

respectively.

6) Entirely

modular

construction

The

circuits are accomodated

in

the

plug-in

type

printed

circuit

boards

(excluding

the

panel

section

and

power

supply

unit).

Thus, maintenance

and

check are

facilitated.

1)

Operable

on

either

AC or

DC

power

The receiver

can be

operated

on

AC

or DC

power

by changing

the

power

switch

on

the

panel.

1.2

SPECIFICATIONS

I ) Receiving frequency

range

9O kHz

to 29.9999

MHz

2)

Circuit system
Double

superheterodyne

with

up-conversion

system

using

a

phase-locked

digital

frequency

synthesizer.

I st

lF- : 7 0.45

5 MHz

2nd IF

:

455 kHz

3)

Reception

mode

CW(AlA),

MCW(A2A,

HzA),

DSB(A3E),

SSB(R3E, H3E,

J3E)

and FSK(FlB)

or FAX

(F3C)

,2-

1)

But

FSK and

FAX are

option.

4)

Receiving

frequency

indication

{

Light

emitting

diode

for six-digit

numerical

display

(

I 0

MHz- to

100

Hz- digit)

5)

Tuning

method

Continuous

tuning

with MHz

knob,

UP/DOWN

switch

and TUNE

knob

of l}kHzl

rotation

(minimum

steP:

100 Hz)

6) Sensitivity

------_-_

Mode

Receivùg

-----

frequency

AIA

A3E

J3E

90-

199.9

kHz

2O

pY

or

less 60

pV

or

less

200-

1599.9

kHz

l0

pV

or

less

30

pV

or

less

1.6-29.9999

MHz

2

pY

or

less

6

pV

or

less

3

pV

or less

15çt

standard

signal

generator

is

directly

connected

to

the

antenna

terminal

S/N

20

dB,

Output 100

rnW,

Bandwidth

3 kHz,

400 Hz

30%

modulation.

Selectivity

-\!tenuation
BandwidÈ=--=-

6 dB

bandwidth

60

dB

bandwidth

6

kHz

4.4

kHz

or

more

l0

kHz

or

less

3

kHz 2-2.6

kHz

6 kHz

or

less

0.5

kHz

0.5-

1.0

kHz

3 kHz

or less

8)

Frequency

stability

I hour

after

l5-1rilute

preheating

t

10 x l0-6

or

less,

but

under

the

condition

where

the

receiving

frequency

is 1.6

MHz or

more

in

the SSB

mode.

9)

Image

rejection

ratio

60 dB

or

more

)

l0)

IF

rejection

ratio

60

dB

or

n-lore

I l)

Spurious

response

60

dB or

more

12) Blocking
The

input

level

of

the

unwanted

signal

is more

than

l0 mV

which

suppress

the

output

level

of

the

wanted

signal

by 3

dB,

under

a condition

where

the

unwanted

signal

is

separated

by

2OkHz

or

more

from

the

wanted

signal

of l0pV.

(SSB

mode,3kHz,

AGC

ON)

!

't

'.

1

-'"

r

û''1

i._;-

\

.'J

'!."1

.

!

I.

d'l

o,t t,g

1,'i:

-3-

l3)

Cross-modulation
The cross-modulation

output,

which

is

generated

when

the 20 kHz

detuned

unwanted

signal

of 90

dB

is added

at the

wanted

signal

of

60 dB,

is

30 dB

or

less fbr

the

wanted

signal

or"rtput.

I4)

Interrnodulation
The

second or

third intermodulation

output,

which

is

generated

when

the

two 80

dB

interference

waves of 20

kHz

detuned

are

added,

is

below

the wanted

signal

output.

l5)

AGC

characteristic

The variation

of the

AF or-rtput

is l0

dB

or less

for

the

antenna

input

level

of

3

pV

to

100

rnV.

l6)

AF characteristics

Speaker output
Line output

Headphone

output

Frequency

response

Distortion

factor

l1)

Radiation

I x

lO-eW

or less

l8)

Norninal input

impedance

50-75

ohrns

l9)

Variable range

of BFO

!2

kRz

or more

20)

Variable range

of

Clarifier

t50

Hz or

more

2l)

Power

supply

AC

power

supply

100/110/200

l220Ytl0%

50160

Hz

approx. 30vA

DC

power

supply

24V!10'/o

(negative

grounded)

approx. 25W

22)

Temparature range

and

relative

humidity

-10"C

to

+50oC,

9s%

at

+35oC

23)

Dimensions

and

weight

Without the

cabinet case

149(H) x 480(W) x

294(D)

excluding

protuberence

Approx. j ke

With the

cabinet case

190(H) x 489(w) x

305(D) excluding

protuberence

Approx. I1.5

kg

lW or more

(6000)

l

mW

or more

(6004)

lOmW

or more

(6004)

3 dB or

less at

the frequency

range

of 300 to

3000

Hz

Speaker output

3% or

less

at

500mW

Line output

3%

or less

at I mW

-

4-

2. COMPOS|TION

2.1

STANDARD COMPOSITION

The composition

of

this

receiver

depends

on its

type,

that is, desk-mount

type or rack

type.

*

Spare

parts

include:

One

each

of BK

relay,

and

fuses.

2.2 OPTIONS

Remarks

Provided

for

only the

desk-mount

type

600a lw

Provided

for

only the

desk-mount

type

t

NRD-9

I

MPBX I

083 2

NVA-92

'ZCJDOOOO5

MPKCO3

I 08

M-P_7

6ZXJD5IO43

Receiver
Cabinet case

Speaker
Power cable
BK cable
Instruction manuâl
ANT Connector

Spare

parts

Test data

Item

Model or

code Remarks

Headphones

I

ST-3

|

600 ohms

DC

power

cable

MPKCOI74I I For

DC24V

Extension card

fbr maintenance I CMH-330

|

Used for

checking

each

PC

boad

| |

in

operation

Additional

cr1'stal

| |

Crystal to

be mounted

in

the

AUX

position
In case of FSK 456.7 kHz
In

case

of

FAX

456.9 kHz

-5--

3.

INSTALLATION

3.1

INSTALLATION
(

I

)

When installing the receiver

on the

l9-inch

standard

rack,

place

the

guide

bolt

provided

on the

side

of

the

chassis

on

the rails,

and

push

the receiver

to the

inside

of the rack.

Then, flx

the receiver

in

position

by

screwing

the

5-rnm

screws

through

the mounting

holes

at two

positions

of

both

left

and right

sides

of the front

panel.

(2)

When installing

the

receiver

on the

desk,

Llse

the special

cabinet

(optionally

available

on

separate order).
Attaclt the slide rails

(supplied

with

the

cabinet

case) onto

left

and right

sides

of

chassis

of the receiver

and mount

the receiver

in the

cabinet

case.

Fix

the receiver

to the

cabinet

case

by

screwing

the 5-mm

screws

through

four mounting

holes

on

the front

panel.

3.2 ANTI-INDUCTION

OF THE

TRANSMITTING

WAVE

When the receiver

is operated

with

a

paired

transmitter,

it sometimes

happens

that

the

transmitting

wave of own

station is

induced

in

the receiving

antenna.

When

the induction

current

of the

transmitting

waves is

I ampere

or less,

the receiver

is

protected

by the built-in

input

protective

circuit.

But if the

induction

current

exceeds

I

anlpere, the input

circuit

of

the receiver

may

be

burnt out.

When

the

receiving

antenna suf-fers

fiom

such

an excessive

induction

current, move

the

receiving

antenna

as

far

as

possible

trom

the

transmitting

antenna, or

insert

the anti-inducer

in

series

betweetr

the receiving

autenna

and

antenna input

connector

as shown in Fig.3.l.

Receiving

antenna

l00v

60w 100v

I

60w

I

PL1

01 PL1

02

|

l/\l

i- ç?(e}

-{çf-'-_----_--..
a-f

­#to'

Q

-

to

tne[Àtrtrlconnecter

rl
ll

L_

__J

AW-01

'18

Anti-inducer

Fig. 3.1

Protection

of the

Receiver

by the

Anti-inducer

3.3 CONNECTION

OF

EXTERNAL

LINES

(l)

This

receiver is

operable

in either

ACl00tlO%

(50/60

Hz)

or

DC24V!lO%.

For AC

operation, conrlect the

AC

power

cable to

[nC

tO()Vl

located

on

the

rear

panel

of the

nrair-t

tratne.

For DCI

operation,

connect

the

DC

power

cable

MPKCQ|74I

(option)

to

LO_.9_?4

located

on the rear

panel

of

the main frame.

-

6,

o

When

changing

the

power

voltage

at the

installation

place,

change

the terminal

connection

of

the

power

transformer

located

inside

the

chassis as shown

in Fig.

3.2. For

the

location

of the

transformer,

see the

annexed

part

arrangement

drawing.

Fis.3.2

(2)

Connect

the

antenna

cable to

the | ,ANT-I

connector

provided

at the

rear

panel.

(3)

Connect

the

grounded

wire

to the

terminal

H

on the rear

panel.

(4)

If the

break-in

relay

circuit

is to

be used,

connect the

special

cable

(MPKCO3

108)

to

the

tBK

&

Lin[Êl

connector.

The AF

output

signal

(600S,

unbalanced

speaker

output,

and

600O

balanced

line

output)

can be

also taken

out

from

this connector.

See Fig.

3.3 for

details.

AC

power

Headphones

ST*3

(Option)

DC

power

I
I

I
I

I

I

rT1

I
I
I
I

I

I
I
I

1Oo/o

I

I

I

I

I

20vAC2

o

E xterna

I

Speaker

NVA-92

Line

output

(600f,l

balanced, 0 dBm)

To FAX.

Tape

recorder,

FS demodulator,

etc.

Fis.3.3

-7

-,

AC200Vr

l Oolo

NRD-91

Rear

panel

?lt- rr

9ilL5t I

\

Item

Indication

Cable

and connector

Pin

Color

Explanation

I

AC

I OOV,

r

t0v

200v,
220V

Connector

HS l6P-2

Cable 6ZCJDO0005

I

White For

AC

power

input

The cable

is attached

with the

receiver,

only

when

the receiver

is mounted

in

the cabinet

and

shipped.

2

Black

2

DCz4V

Connector

HS l2P-2

Cable

MPKCO

17

4l

I

White

+24V

For DC

power

input
Cable is
option.

2

Black

OV
(grounded)

3

ANT

M-P-3ls

17

Antenna

input

4

BK&
LINE

Connector

S- 13

I2-CEA

Cable

MPKCO3l08

I

White

-BK

(key

signal)

2

Red

+BK

(BK

power +24Y)

3 Black

E

600s}

unbalanced

lW

output

4

Green

Speaker

5 Silver

Shielded

(common

ground)

6

Not used

7

White

Line

600s,

balanced, 0

dBm

AF output

8 Red

Line

9

Black

Center tap

l0

Green Not

used

ll Silver

Shield.ed

(common

ground)

t2

Not

used

-8-

3.4

HOW

TO MOUNT

AUX CRYSTAL

By

adding the crystal to

the AUX mode

position,

the center frequency

of the

line

output can be 1.7 kHz

in case of FSK reception

and I .9

kHz

in FAX

reception

when setting

the frequency

indication

on the

panel

to the wanted receiving frequency,

and

this line

output

can be connected to FS demodulator

or FAX.

The

frequency

of the crystal is

456.7

kHz in FSK reception

and

456.9kH2

in FAX reception.

Since

this receiver

has one

AUX crystal

space,

one of FSK, FAX

or other

desirable

mode is

available.

Please

inform us

of

your

desirable

mode or the

frequency

of the

crystal

when ordering.

Mount

the crystal according to

the

following

procedures.

I

. Insert the crystal into

AUX

(X3)

on CMH

-379

IF

2nd

unit and solder it.

2.

Connect two holes

(AUX)

positioned

near

the

connector

(PlO)

on the

same unit by

means of the

leading wire.

3.

Connect

the speaker and

turn

on the

power.

If

the beat

sound comes out through

the speaker when

setting the

mode

to AUX, the

crystal is mounted

correctly.

Note) The beat

sound can

be easily

known

by

comparing

the noise

in AUX mode

with the noise

in DSB

mode, because the noise increases when

changing the

mode

from

DSB

to AUX.

-9 -

4.

OPERATION

4.1

OPERATION

PANEL

[Jmll

runo-sr

lnecrtven

|

| | rr^hr

i:i

!:,

,='11

k-3,--

- |

r

MH,

'-

'-rH,

BANDW'FT"

J

BFO & CLARIFIER

ON

REJECT

0t

OFF

OFF

RF

GAIN

AF

GAIN

AGC

I

pOWER

PEAKER

sr-ow$

/orl

g

OFF/ T

DC

No.

Control

Function

I

Meter

Indicating

the

strength

of the receiving

waves

or

level

of the

AF output

(line

output)

2

DIMMER

knob

Used

for

adjusting

the

brightness

of all LE,Ds.

Adjust

the

brightness

by this knob

according

to

the

circumstance.

LEDs

fade

out

if this knob

is turned

fully

counterclockwise.

Keep

this

in

your

mind

when

using

this receiver.

3

Receiving

frequency

indicator

Displaying

the

receiving

numbers.

In

case of

SSB

displayed

and

in

case of

frequency

is

displayed.

frequency

by

6-digit

numerical

mode,

the

carrier frequency

is

modes

other

than

SSB, the assigned

4

BANDWIDTH

indicator

Displaying

the

bandwidth

of the IF filter

specified

by

the

BANDWIDTH

A

selector

switch

(one

of

0.5 kIHz,3

klHz

and 6 kHz)

5 MODE

indicator

Displaying

the

mode

specified

by the

MODE

switch@

(one

of

SSB, CW,

DSB

and

AUX)

-

l0

-

No.

Control

Function

6

MODE selector Used for selecting the

reception *oà.

(one

of

SSB, CW, DSB

and AUX).

When

changing the mode from

one of

AUX,

DSB

and CW to

SSB,

the

frequency obtained

by

subtracting

1.5 kHz from

the

original

frequency

is displayed

on the

frequency indicatorO

. This

is

because that the

carrier

frequency

is displayed in case of SSB

reception.

Since AUX

is option,

make

a special order if

necessary.

If this AUX

mode

is specified when the optional crystal is not mounted,

actual reception mode is DSB even though

the AUX mode

is

indicated by the

MODE

indicator.

1 BANDWIDTH

selector

Selecting the bandwidth of

the

IF

filter

(intermediate

frequency)

(one

of

0.5 kHz,3

kHz

and

6

kHz).

8

METER selector
switch

Selecting

the

content

to be indicated

for

the meter(D.

When

setting this switch to

S,

turning

RF

GAIN

@

fully

clock-

wise, and

setting

the AGC

switch @ to FAST or

SLOW,

the meter

pointer

indicates the

relative signal

strength of

the

HF input of the

receiver.

When

setting

this switch to

LINE, the meter indicates

the line output level

(6000

balanced).

9 SPEAKER

jack

Used

for

connecting

the

special speaker,

NVA-92

or the

speaker

of 600C1 impedance.

l0 PHONES

jack

Used for

connecting

headphone

of 600C2

the optional headphones,

ST-3 or the

impedance.

ll

MHz selector

Used for setting the MHz

digit of the receiving

frequency.

The full rotation

of this knob

covers 30 bands

(

I MHz

step).

t2

BFO & CLARIFIER

knob

Serving

as BFO

adjustment

knob in

case of

CW mode.

This

knob

can vary the frequency of

45 5

kHz

beat oscillator

(BFO)

by more

than

t2

kIIz.

Therefore,

the tone

of the

telegraph signal

can be adjusted.

This

knob

also serves

as a

fine

adjustment knob

(CLARI-

FIER) of

the

receiving tiequency

in SSB

and AUX modes.

This can vary the

center

frequency

of

the oscillating

fiequency by more

than

t50

Hz.

l3 RF GAIN

knob

is

Gain controller

for

the RF

amplifier and IF amplifier.

It

recommended

to adjust according to

the

strength

of

the

receiving

signal for

obtaining the optimum volume.

t4 TUNE

knob Used for

setting the receiving frequency in 100 Hz

steps.

The

full rotation

changes the

receiving frequency

by l0 kHz.

l5

UP/DOWN

switch

Fast forward

switch of the receiving frequency.

While

pressing

UP

(or

DOWN),

the

fiequency

increases

(or

decreases) at a speed

of approx. 125 kHz/second.

-

ll

-

No.

Control

Function

t6 LOCK

switch

Used for

locking

the set frequency

electrically

so

as not

to

be

changed

by

careless misoperation.

By setting

this

switch

to the locked

condition

(pressed),

the

receiving

frequency

will

not

be changed

even

though operating

the TUNE

knob

@

and UP/DOWN

switch

@

.

f'or

releasing

the locked

condition,

press

this

switch

again.

l1

AF GAIN

knob

This is a volume

adjustment

knob for

the speaker

or

headphones.

And this

knob

does

not

af'fect the level

of

the

line

output

(600O

balanced) on

the

rear

panel

of

the

receiver.

t8

Attenuator

switch Used for

selecting

the

ON

or

OFF

condition

of the 20

dB

HF

attenuator for

the receiver

input.

Set this

switch

to ON

for

the

better reception

when

the signal is received

at the

near distance

and the desired

signal is interfered

due

to

the

strong neighboring

signals

etc.

But usually,

set this

switch

to the OFF

position.

t9

AGC

switch

Used for

selecting

the

ON or

OFF condition

of the

AGC

circuit

and selecting

the discharging

time

constant.

The FAST

position

is

for

the reception

of DSB

signals,

and the

SLOIV

position

is normally

f

or

the reception

of

CW or

SSB

signal

affected

by

fading.

By setting

this switch

to OFF,

the

AGC circuit

remains

inoperative

and signals

are saturated.

Thus,

control

the

gain

by

the RF GAIN

knob

@

for

the best

receiving

condition.

20

BC BAND
REJECTOR

Set this switch

to

ON

for

the

better reception

when

the

cross-modulation

or

intermodulation

due

to the strong

radio

wave

of the

broadcasting

wave

(525

to 1605

kHz)

interferes

the MHF

reception.

2l POWER

switch

Used for

turning

ON or

OFF the

power.

Also used for

selecting

AC or DC

power

supply.

4.2 OPERATING

PROCEDURES

Before turning

on the

power

switch,

check the following items.

(

I ) Power

voltage check

The

label, which shows the nominal

power

voltage,

is

placed

above the

power

connector

located on the

rear

panel

of

the receiver.

Check

that the

power

voltage

to be

used

is

within the

range of the nominal

value

!lO%.

(2)

Antenna

system check

Check that each connecting

part

of the

antenna cable to

be connected

to

this

receiver

is

firmly

connected. When the antenna

coupler

and antenna

changer are used,

check that

they are correctly

set

*-t2-

(3)

Check

of the connectors

on the

rear

panel

Check

that

each connector

and

grounded

wire on the

rear

iranel

of the receiver are

surely

connected.

(4)

Connect

the speaker

or

heaclphone

to

lspeaKf

nl or

IFHONES-I

jack.

4.2.1

Basic Operation

of SSB

Reception

(l)

Set the

tAF

GÀlN

I

knob

to the

position

where the

knob is

turned clockwise

by 4 or 5

graduations

fiom the mininlum

position.

(2)

Set thr

FQ@

switch

to

[Ac]

in

case of the AC

power

supply, or to

E

in case

of

the

DC

power

supply.

(3)

Press ttre

lSSe-l

button

amons

the

ltvtôOf l

switches.

(4)

Set the

desired

receiving

fiequency

by using the

IMHil

knob,

I-UPIDôW-NI

switch and

FÙnel

knob.

(5)

Set

the

t

slow

I

(6)

After

hearing

the desired signal, turn

the

tAFGÀiNl

knob

and

set it for

an

optimum

sound

volume.

(7)

Adjust the BFO & CLARIFIERknob so

as to

set

the tone

the

most natural

to hear.

knob to the maximum

position

and

turn the AGC

switch to

(8)

When the

received radio

wave is not strongly

affected by

fading,

turn the

FF

GAINI

knob slightly counterclockwise and

IAF

GAIN-l knob slightly

clockwise so

as to obtain

the

best S/N

of the

reception

voice.

4.2.2

Basic

Operation of CW

Reception

(Morse

Telegraph)

(

I ) Set tn.

[11tQA|Nl

knob to 4 or 5

graduations.

(2)

Press the

ltw I

button

amons ilre

lrvrooe

I

switches.

(3)

Set the

desired receiving

frequency

by using

the

lMHll

knob,

ttre

IÙP/DOWN-I

switch

utro

lîulrtr

I

knob.

(4)

Press

ttre

lo.s

kHl button

among

th.

M

switches.

(5)

Set the

FFGAINI

knob

almost

to

the center

position

and the

trGôl

switch

to

desired signal, set the volume to the optimum level by

adjusting the

BFO & CLARIFIERknob, set the tone

the

most

pleasant

to hear.

(8)

Adjurt

Inf

Gatwl

nn6

[RF

CÀitrtl so that

S/N

of

the

receiving signal

will be

the best.

(9)

When the

receiving wave is

affected by

fading

or the strong wave

and

weak

wave

are

received

reciprocally, set the

tÀGC-l

switch

to

I-SLôWI

or

|FÀST I

and

turn

the

f

RF

GAINl

knob slightly clockwise.

4.2.3 Operation of

DSB Reception

(l)

Press the

IDSBI

button amons

I

MODTI

switches, and

i6

kHtl

button amons

BANDWIDTH I switches.

(2)

Set the

l-RF

GÂlNl

knob

to the

maximum

position

and set

the

tAGC-l

switch

to

(3)

Set the desired

receiving frequency by using the

f

MHI knob,

IUF/DOWN

lswitch

and

(6)

When

hearing the

Erc4l$

knob

(7)

BV

adjusting

the

knob.

-

t3

-

(a)

Bv

adjusting the I AF GAINI knob,

set

the volume

to the optimum

level.

(5)

In case of

strong interference,

press

the

F

kHA button among

BANDWIDTH

switches.

4.2.4 Operation of FSK

Reception

A teleprinter and

FS demodulator

are adaptative

to this receiver

to receive

a

FSK

signal.

Receive

the

FSK

signal in the

following

procedures.

But this mode

is option.

(l)

Press

tn. I nuXl button amons f MoDEl

switches.

(2)

Select the

proper

BANDWIDTH

button in accordance

with

the

frequency

shift width

signal under

reception.

In

case of

the narrow

band

and

modulation speed of

an FSK

direct

printing

telegraph, select

W

and the f RF

CÂiN-l knob

to

the maximum

position

(4)

Set the desired

receiving frequency

by using

th.

[@

knob,

trFDôWNl

switch

and

truNEl

knob.

(5)

After

receiving

the siganl,

adjust tne

[-Âf

GÂt[l knob so

as to

obtain

the

desired

volume,

as

required.

Set the

t

MEaER-l

switch located

on

Adjust

the BFO

&

CLARIFIER

demodulator

deflects

maximumly

and LEDs

of

both MARK

and

SPACE

blink

in

the

sarne

brightness.

Note)

When

perfbrming

the

teletype

communication

by connecting

this receiver

to

the narrow

band direct

printing

terminal, be sure not

to change

the

BANDWIDÏHafter the circuit is connected once. Otherwise, it may happen

that the

phase

is out due to the difference of the

delay

time of the

filter.

4.2.5

Operation

of

FAX

Reception

A

radio facsimile

equipment

is

also adaptative

to

this receiver

to receive

the FAX

signal.

Receive

the

FAX

signal in the following

procedures.

But this mode

is

also option.

(l)

Press

ttre I nUX I button

amons

IMODEI

switches.

(2)

Select the

proper

BANDWIDTH

button in accordance

with the modulation

speed and

frequency

shift width of the

FAX

signal under

reception.

In

case

of the

broad band

facsimile such as weather facsimile,

etc.,

press

F

kHtl

(3)

Set the I AGCI switch

to

tFÂST-l

and

the

FF

GAIN

I

knob

to the

maximum

position

(fully

clockwise).

(4)

Set the

desired receiving

frequency

by using

the

IMHz

I

knob,

I

UffiôWN

I

switch

and

tTut\i-trI

knob.

(5)

After

receiving

the signal,

adjust

11s

l-Af

Celw

Tknob

so

as to

obtain

the desired

volume,

as

required.

(6)AdjusttheknobsothatLEDsfortuning,locatedonthefront

panel

of the facsimile recorder,

[îU

NFTI

ut O

fîulUF2l

wiil

light

the most brilliantly

(3)

Set the

fÀcC-l

switch to

(fully

clockwise).

(6)

(7)

the

front

panel

of the FS

demodulator

to

fTUNtrl.

knob

so that

the

FUruEt

meter

of

the

FS

in the same brightness.

-14 -

4.2.6

FurtherOperation

(

I

)

Operation

of ATT.

The

receiving antenna

catches

many kinds

of

radio wave from

the strong

one

to weak

one.

If many strong waves arrive at the high frequency stage

of

the

receiver,

interferences such as

intermodulation,

blocking,

cross-modulation and

so

on

arise, so

that sometimes

the desired radio waves cannot be received

well. Also, when

the

partner

station is

located very

close

to

your

station,

the

sound

is distorted because

the

AGC

circuit cannot

control

such a strong

radio

wave.

In

such a

case, by setting J ,Â1T I to

N,

the

receiving

condition

is

greatly

improved. If

p

meter deflects,

the desired

radio wave can

be received

even

though

l-AT1-l

is set to

trt.

Especially,

when

receiving the

radio wave below

1.6 MHz,

it is recommended to always set

IATTI

to

@

except

at the

stand-by condition.

(2)

Operation

of BC BAND

REJECT

While

receiving

the MHF

band

(below

3 MHz), many other radio waves may be received

besides the

radio wave

of the desired station. These

are

called

cross-modulation

and

intermodulation

interferences due

to

the

strong radio wave of

the broadcasting wave

(525

to

1605

kHz). In

such

a condition, by setting

BC

BAND

REJECT switch to

@,

an

eliminator

filter

located at

the

ANT

input

circuit

operates so

as

to reject such

interferences,

so

that the receiving condition

will be remarkably improved. When the

desired wave

is

comparatively

strong,

use

the above-described

IATT-I

together with

BC BAND

REJECT

(3)

Operation

of AGC

switch

The

discharging

time constant

at the

position

of AGC

tSLôVln

is set to 3 sec.

so

as to

suppress

the noise

between

communications

in SSB

mode enough

for the

pleasant

communication.

When

receiving

the

radio wave affected

by moderate

fading,

the

ISLOW

I

position

seems

to

give

better

result.

However,

the weak

signal

promptly

after

that the strong

signal

is received may not

be

able

to hear since

the

gain

is not recovered

yet.

Therefbre, when

communicating

with

the

ship at a

far distance

and the one at a near distance

by turns, set

the

l-ÂGCl

switch

to

fF-Àsr-].

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5.

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

Refer to

the

annexed

blockdiagram

for

the

circuit

composition

of the receiver.

This

receiver

is

composed

of

receiving,

local signal

generator,

panel

and

power

supply

sections.

5.1 RECEIVING

SECTION

The

receiving

system is

an

up-conversion

type double-superheterodyne

with

a first

intermediate

frequency

of 70.455

MHz

and a second

intermediate

frequency

of

455 kHz.

A

signal

frequency

of 90 kHz

to 29.9999

MHz

is supplied

to

the RF

input filter

after

passing

through

the BK relay

and

the input

protection

circuit.

The

signal

thus

supplied

passes

through

the 35 MHz

LPF

and is

supplied

to one

of the seven filter

circuits,

depending

on

the operating frequency.The

signal

is

then fed

into

the lst

Mix. in

whichthereceiving

signal

is

mixed

with

the first

local signal

of 70.545

to

100.4549

MHz

and is thereby

converted into

the first

IF

of

70.455 MHz.

The

converted output

passes

through

the

crystal

filter with

a

center

frequency

of

70.455

MHz

and a bandwidth

of l2kHz,

and

then is

amplified

by

the

lst

IF

AMP.

Then the

siganl is supplied

to

the

2nd

IF

in which

the

amplified

signal

is mixed with

the 2nd

local

frequency

signal of

70 MHz

and is thereby

converted into a 2nd

IF of 455 kHz.

The

converted

output

passes

through

one selected

out

of three filters with

bandwidth

of 6 kHz,

3

kHz

and 0.5

kHz

and

the filtered

signal

is

amplified

by the 455

kHz

IF AMP.

2

r'J

The amplifed receiving

signal is

supplied

to

the

AGC circuit

and demodulator

circuit

respectively.

The AGC voltage for

automatic

gain

control is

applied

to the lst

IF

AMP

(70.455

kHz)

and 2nd

IF AMP

(455

kHz.).

In case of

DSB detection,

the demodulator

circuit takes out the

carrier component

from

the receiving frequency

signal

and operates

as

a synchronous detector.

In

case

of

other than

DSB detection,

the BFO

signal supplied

from

the

BFO circuit and the demodulator

circuit operates

as

a

product

detector.

The demodulated output

is supplied

to

AF

AMP and LINE

AMP respectively.

AF AMP

is

a AF

power

amplifier for

speaker

and headphones.

The

gain

is

adjusted

by

IC

for

electronic volume

placed

on the fbrmer

stage

of

AF

AMP according

to the DC

voltage

supplied fiom

AF GAIN

controller

on the front

panel.

The

LINE AMP output

is supplied

to

[BRE-

LINEI

connector

on the rear

panel

and

used for

connecting to the tape recorder,

FAX,

FSK

demodulator,

etc.

The LINE

AMP

output is approx. 0

dBm which

is not

affected by

the AF

GAIN

controller

on

the

front

panel.

The BK circuit is

provitled

for

protecting

from

burning due

to the inducation

of

own

station's transmitting

radio

wave.

This BK

circuit

is controlled

by the

external

+BK

and

-BK

(keying

signal). When

-BK

line becomes 0V

(keyed),

the BK circuit

operates for

grounding

the

antenna terminal.

At

the same time,

since

the AGC circuit is

controlled,

the

gain

of the

receiver

is reduced

and

the speaker

output does not

appear

(muting

condition).

5.2 LOCAL SIGANL GENERATOR

SECTION

The

local signal

generator

section

is composed

of the lst local

oscillator,2nd

local

oscillator

and BFO circuit.

-16-

5.2.1

lst Local

Oscillator

,

This

circuit

is single-loop

synthesizer

which

generates

the

signal

of

70.545

to I 0O.4S4g

MHz

(

100

Hz

step)

corresponding

to the

receiving

frequency

from

90

kHz

to 29

.9999 MHz

and

provides

that

frequency

to

lst

mixer.

The

circuit consists

of

variable

divider,

phase

comparator

and VCO.

Furthermore

the

variable divider

is

composed

of

integer

part

and fraction.

For

frequency

data,

digits

of

lOMHz

to l00kHz

are

preset

in the

integer

part

and

digits

of l0kHz

to 100H2

in

the

fraction.

The reference

frequency

is

12.5

kHz

obtained

by dividing

the standard

signal

of

5 MHz

by

400.

The

phase

comparator

compares

the

phase

between

this reference

signal

and

variable divider

output

and

VCO

is

controlled

by the

DC

voltage

corresponding

to

that

phase

difference.

5.2.2

2nd

Local

Oscillator

This

circuit

feeds

the

signal

of

70 MHz

to the 2nd

mixer.

This

circuit is

composed

of

analogue

type

phase

comparator,

70

MHz

variable

crystal

oscillator

(VXO)

and

LPF.

These

are in the

phase-lock

loop

(PLL).

The

phase

comparator

compares

directly

the

phases

between

the

standard

signal

of

5 MHz

and

70 MHz,

and

the 70

MHz

variable

crystal

oscillator

is

controlled by

the DC

voltage

corresponding

to

that

phase

difference.

Usually

in PLL,

the

phases

are compared

between

5 MHz

obtained

by dividingT0

MHz

signal

by 14

atrd

the

standard

signal

of

5 MHz.

But in

this

circuit,

by

comparing

the

pulse

of

the

wavetbrm of

the 5 MHz

standard

signal

(the

pulse

width

is I

12

cycle of

70 MHz)

and

70

MHz

signal

every l4

cycles of

the waveform

of 70 MHz

signal,

the

phases

of

5 MHz

standard

signal

and 70 MHz

siganl

are directly

compared.

5.2.3 BFO

Circuit

This

circuit operates in

CIV,

SSB

or

AUX

mode,

and

provides

the

BFO

signal

to

the

productdetector.ThefiequencyoftheBFosignalcanbeadjustedbythe@

CLARIFIEE

knob.

In

case of CW mode,

the frequency

of

455

kHz

can

be varied

by more

than

+2kHz,in

SSB

mode,

the

frequency

of

456.5

kHz

can be varied

by

more

than

+50

Hz,

and in

AUX

mode

(option),

the frequency

of xxxx

kHz

can

be

varied

by more

than

150

Hz.

xxxx

rneans

456.7 in

FSK

mode and 45

6.9 in

FAX

mode.

This

circuit operates

as the clarifier

in

SSB

and AUX

modes.

5.3

PANEL

SECTION

The

panel

section is

composed of liequency

indicator

circuit,

mode

and bandwidth

indicator

circuit, S meter

and controls.

They

are mounted

on one

printed

circuit

board.

The

frequency

indicator

circuit consists

of 6-digit

numerical

LEDs for

the

receiving

frequency

set by ttre

I

rvtHZ

knob u"o

lTUlVe I

knob.

Since bandwidth

and mode selector

switches

are

non-locked

type, the

switch

information is

latched,

and according

to this

latched output,

LEDs

for

bandwidth

and mode

light

up. At

the

same

time, this

output

controls the

IF

filter

selector

circuit in

the receiving

section and BFO

selector circuit

in the local

signal

generator

section.

S meter indicates

the

AGC

voltage

when

the

-t7-

switch

on the front

panel

is

set to

S

and the

line output

when

set to

tÏNtrI.

The MHz

knob

is

used

for

setting

the l0 MHz

and I

MHz

digits

bf tne receiving

frequency.

The MHz digit

information

is

sent

out in

BCD

code from

this

switch

and this

output is

set to l0

MHz

and I

MHz digits

of

the up/down

counter.

The

lTÙNEl

knob

is

provided

for

setting

the

receiving

frequency

in 100

Hz

steps.

This knob

is

connected

to

the

circuit so

called rotary

encoder

or

pulse

generator

which

generates

50

pulses

for

one

full

"

rotation.

Pulse

doubler

circuit makes

this 50

pulses

double electrically,

so that

100

pulses

are

generated

for

one full

turn.

These

pulses

are connected

to the

100

Hz

digit

of the

up/down

counter. Therefore, for

the f-ull

turn

of this knob,

100

(pulses)

x

100

Hz,

so that

full rotation

can

vary

up

to

l0

kHz.

rumOWNl

switch is

provided

for

fast forward

for

the receiving

frequency.

By

setting

this

switch

to

fq,

the up/down

counter

operates

as the up counter.

And

the

multivibrator

output

is connected

to the 100

Hz digit

of

the counter,

thus

the

receiving

frequency

is

increased.

By

setting this

switch

to I DOWN

l,

the

counter operates

as the

down

counter

and

the receiving

frequency

is

decreased.

The frequency

increasing

or

decreasing

speed

by the

|ÙFDOWNI

switch is

set to appro x.

125

kHzlsecond.

The

lLôôKl

switch is

provided

for

locking

the set receiving frequency

so

as

not to

be

changed

by

careless misoperation.

When

this

switch is

set to

ON

(pushed

condition),

the

pulse

output

from

the

fTUtUelknob

and

multi-vibrator

output

generated

by the

IUPDOWNI

switch

are

prohibited

to be applied

to

the

counter. Therefore,

the

ITUNE

I

knob

and

rumôWNl

switch

will not operate.

The

FjMMEEI

knob is

provided

for

controlling the

brightness

of LED

by changing

the

power

voltage

applied to

LED on

the front

panel (frequency

indicator,

mode

and

band

width

indicators).

5.4

POWER

SUPPLY

SECTION

The

power

supply

section

converts

the external

AC

power

or DC

power

to

+17V,

+l5V

and

+5V

DC required

in each

circuit

and

+5V

for

dimmer.

+l7V

is

used in

the analogue

circuit

and

+5V

in the

logic

circuit.

+15V

is

a special

power

for

audio

power

arnp

(AF

AMP.) IC.

+5V

for

dimmer,

which

is controlled

by the

lDlMfvtEnl

knob

on

the

fiont

panel,

changes within

the range

from

approx. 0 to

+5V.

-

l8

-

6.

MAINTENANCE

6.1

GENERAL

Circuits

are

mounted

on the

plug-in

type

PC

board,

excluding the

power

supply

section,

panel

section

and VCO

(CGA-

I

2), thus

facilitating

repair and replacement

of defective

sections.

The

special

tools

(option)

are

available

for removing

plug-in

type

PC

board.

But

when

the special

tools

are not

available,

remove the

PC

board

with

picking

up the both

ends

of the

upper side

of the

PC board with

the long nose

plyers,

etc.

At this time, be sure

not

to damage

the

PC

board

and

aluminum

part

of the

main

frame.

The

panel

unit is coupled

with

the chassis through

three connectors

and

hence de-

mountable

with

ease.

This

receiver

can be

taken

to the

following

pieces;

PC

board

unit, top cover, bottom

cover,

handles

attached

to the

right

and

left

sides

on

the

front, front

panel

and

main chassis.

It

is

essential

for keeping

the

equipment always

in

the

best

operating condition

and

performing

the

proper

maintenance

and check

to know

the basic

operating

principle

and

correct

operating

condition

of the

equipment,

ordinarily.

6.2

GENERAL

MAINTENANCE

AND CHECK

Table 6.1

shows

the

general

maintenance and

check

using

tester

and some

tools.

Table 6.1

Maintenance

and

Check

No.

Item

Maintenance

and check

I

Cleaning

For

cleaning

the

panel

surface,

knobs,

switches,

top

cover

and

bottom

cover,

wipe

off

the stain

with

a soft

cloth

or

silicon

cloth.

For the inside

of the set,

remove

the dust with

a brush

or

cleaner.

Since

no

gear

is equipped,

lubrication

is not

required.

2

Looseness

of

parts

Check

whether

screws

and

nuts

are

loosened,

knobs,

switches

and

volumes

are

loosened,

connectors

are

loosened

relays and

ICs are

inserted

into sockets

surely,

or

not.

Fasten

them

firmly

and

attach

them surely.

3

Fuses

When

fuses for the

power

supply

blow,

check

the cause

careful-

ly and

replace them.

l-ampere

glass-tube

fuse

is

used

for AC

power

and

3-ampere

glass-tube

fuse for DC

power (included

in the spare

parts

set)

4

Printed
circuit

board

Remove

the

plug-in

type

printed

circuit

board

from the

main

chassis

and

check whether

the

parts

mounted

on

the

PC

board

discolor

or are

burnt or

not.

When

replacing

parts,

use

the

spare

parts.

When replacing

the

part

excluded

in

the

spare

parts,

give

an

order

for

parts

to

the sales

agent

or service

station

of

JRC.

5

DC

voltage

Check

the

DC voltage of

means

of

the tester.

The

+5V.

the

POWER

unit

(CBD-351)

by

standard

values are

+17V,

+15V

and

-19-

6.3 TROUBLESHOOTING
Troubles

may happen

sometimes

while

using

a receiver

for

a

long

p.rioO.

Some

troubles

are due

to the receiver

itself,

but

some of

them

may

be caused

by reasons

other

than

the

receiver.

'Ihus,

even

if

the receiver

is under

a trouble

conclition,

do not

conclude

that the

trouble

is

due to the receiver

without

checking

the cause

by

yourself.

Check

whether

the

trouble

is

due

to the receiver

itself or

due

to

the

external

problems

according

to the

trouble-

shooting befbre

contacting

with

JRC

or JRC's

sales

agent or

service

station.

The

inspecting

methods fbr

typical

troubles

are

described

below.

6.3.1

Decline

of

the

sensitivity

The

word

"Sensitivity"

is used

ambiguously

among

users.

In

this

section,

the

decline

of

sensitivity means

not only

that the

sound

volume

is not

large

but

also

that

S/N

of the

output

signal of the receiver

reduces.

Explanation

For

some constant high

frequency

input

signal,

the

sound

does

not

depend

on

the

performance

of the receiver.

This

depends

only

on the

gain

from

the input

stage to

the

AF

output

stage

of

the

receiver.

For

example,

"the

former

receiver

could

produce

the

sound

loudly

enough

with

RF GAIN

set to 8

graduation

and AF GAIN

to

2. But

the

present

receiver

can't

produce

the sound loudly

with

the

same

gain

settings,

unlike

the

former

receiver.

This

receiver

has very

bad

sensitivity."

This

doesn't

make

sense

at

all. The effectiveness

of RF GAIN

volume

and AF

GAIN

volume

for

the

setting

graduation

is different

among makers.

Even

in case of the

same model receivers,

there

are

some differences.

Also, even

though

the distance from

the

partner

station

and

frequency

are the

same, the

wave

strength

varies largely

depending on

ttre

year,

season,

time, etc.

Thus, in

order

to compare

the

sensitivity

of the receivers,

S/N of

the receiver

must

be compared

between

receivers

under

the

following

condition:

Connect

the same

antennas

to the receivers

to

be

compared,

and receive

the

same frequency

at the

same time,

by

setting the

speaker

sound volume

to the almost

same level.

Checking

procedure

(

1) Check whether the receiver

is

misoperated

or

not.

Check

whether ATT

is

set

to ON,

or not. Receive

the radio

wave in other

frequency

band. When

the

sensitivity

is very

bad

in the

special band,

receive

that radio

wave by

other receiver,

if

possible.

If

the

difference

is

remarkable

between

receivers

when receiving

the

same

signal in

the

same time

by the

same antenna, it

can conclude that

the

trouble

is

due to the receiver

itself. If

that

diff'erence

is not remarkable, that

is not

the

trouble

of the receiver

itself. This

difference

depends on variation

in

receivers.

(2)

When the

sensitivity

reduces

even

if the frequency

band is

changed,

start the check from

the antentra system. When

an antenna

multi-coupler

or

antenna changer

is inserted

between the antenna

and

receiver,

connect the

antenna

directly to

the receiver.

If

the

sensitivity is still bad, connect

another antenna

to the receiver.

If

the

sensitivity is

greatly

improved

when connecting

the antenna

directly to

the receiver,

check

the

cable, antenna

multi-coupler

and

antenna changer

successively.

-

20-

(3)

When

it is

conflnned that

the receiver

RF input filter

circuit CFL-184

andlor

itself

is bad, replace

the BK

relay

of

the receiver,

RF

AMP

CAF-I9I.

6.3.2 No

sound

The sound

does not

come through

the

speaker

even

though

the

speaker

is connected

to

the

receiver

correctly,

and no defects

have

been

found

in the

speaker

and indications

of the

receiver.

In

such a case,

check the receiver

in the following

procedures.

Checking

procedure

(

I

)

Rernove

the

E!!&TE

connector from

the receiver.

If

the sound colnes out

through

the

speaker,

-tsK

is

grounded

somewhere

in the

BK

line.

Check

wirings of otherreceivers,

transmitters

and

consoles

to

which

-BK

line

is

connected

in

parallel.

(2)

Lock-out check

of the

synthesizer

Take

out the receiver

liom

the

cabinet

case or rack,

and check

LEDs from

the

top after

turning on

the

power.

LEDs

can be visually

checked

through

the hole

on

the top

cover

of the receiver.

If LED

are off,

it

is correct. But

if

LED light,

the

synthesizer

is locked

out. But the following

case is

not

abnormal condition:

After

changing

the receiver

frequency,

LED light until the

synthesizer

is locked.

6.3.3

Noise and beat

Even though changing the receiving

frequency

band,

noise or

beat

sound comes

through

the speaker. But that

noise is evidently

not external

noise.

Especially,

in case of

small ship,

many

kinds

of

electronic equipments

are concentrated

in the

small

room,

so

that

the

mutual

interference

may happen

among

equipments.

In many

cases, the receiver

suffers intert-erence.

When

the mutual

interference

arises,

search

the

surrounding

for

the source

of

noise. Especially,

when

mounting

a new electronic

equipment,

you

must check

whether the new equipment

gives

the noise

interference

to the receiver

or

not.

Checking

procedure

(

I ) Investigation of the

source of noise

At

first,

set the

receiver

to

such a condition

where the

noise

comes out

through

the

speaker.

Turn ofT the

power

of the equipments

other than

the receiver

successively. If

the noise

stops

when turning off the

power

of some equipment,

it

is considered

that the

equipment is the source

of

the noise.

Sometimes,

the

power

supply

itself may

generate

the high

frequetrcy noise,

not the

electronic

erluipment.

In

such a case, use

the

other

power

supply line.

(2)

Investigation of the

route of

noise

After

checking the noise source, the

route

of the noise must

be investigated.

The

noise

routes

are

largely

classified as

shown in the figure.

*2t-

Y

i t-"^--'^----.-

F...;l

l^*'*l

The

noise

goes

directly

to the receiver

The

noise

goes

to the antenna

By removing

the antenna,

connecting

the receiver to

other

antenna, using the

other

power

supply line

and moving

the installation

place,

the

route can be found.

(3)

Countermeasure

Basically,

the countermeasure must

be

taken

at the noise

source

side.

In

any

cases,

all

equipments

must be

grounded.

If

the equipment is

surely

grounded

by

means of

the

wide copper board, the noise interference may

be

resolved. Also, a

line filter which

suppresses

the HF noise is very effective

at

the

power

supply

wire. After

finding

the

noise

source and noise

route,

please

examine

the trouble and ask the countermeasure to

the maker

or sales agent of that

equipment

which is of the noise

source.

O

6.3.4

Interference

by

the transmitter of

your

station

At the station where

many radio equipments are installed,

when some

transmitter

transmits the radio

wave,

the

receiver

may catch the noise in

spite

of

that the frequency

is

different.

It

is a

rule

that

the receiver is muted

by

using

-BK

signal

while transmitting.

But when

performing

the

simultaneous

transmission and reception

because

of the duplex

communication,

it

is important to

separate

transmitting

antenna

and

receiving

antenna as

far

as

possible.

Even

though

the antennas

are

located

at same

distance

from

the

transmitting

antenna, the receiving antenna

located

not in

parallel

to the

transmitting

antenna

has less

interference.

Generally,

the interference

depends on the

difference between the

receiving

frequency

and transmitting

frequency. The

bigger the difference

is,

the less the interference is.

Also,

the degree of the

interference

depends on the

performance

of

the

antenna

multi-coupler,

protective

diode,

etc.

Noise

source

The

noise

goes

to the

via

the

power

cable.

.,.\

-

z-z-

-

Checking

procedure

(

I

)

Connect

other

antenna

Change

the receiving antenna to other antenna

placed

at the

position

as

far

as

possible

from

the transmitting antenna

which

interferes

the

receiver.

(2)

When

the antenna

multi-coupler

is

used, connect the antenna directly to the receiver.

(3)

When

the

arrester-diode

is mounted

in

the antenna

system,

add the

same

diodes

in series

so

as to increase

the

number of

the

diodes.

(See paragraph

6.3.5.)

When

the interference

does not disappear even

after

checking

with

the above

procedures,

no countermeasure is effective.

Thus,

leave the record

for the

degree of interference,

combination of

the

transmitting frequency

and receiving

frequency for future conve-

nience, and avoid

such a combination of

frequencies with the

strong

interference. The

receiver itself

is designed so

as

to

amplify

enough even a signal

of I

pV,

so

that

it can

not

be avoided

that

the some extent of interference occllrs in

the

simultaneous

transmis-

sion and reception

when antenna installation

places

cannot be separated enough

in

the

small

ship,

etc.

6.3.5

Intermodulation

While

receiving

some

frequency, it sometimes

happen to

hear

such several

signal

as

cannot

be

radiated by

that frequency.

This

phenomenon

is

caused by intermodulation.

Checking

procedure

(1)

When the antenna

multi-coupler is

connected to the

antenna

for receiver, connect

the

antenna directly

to

the receiver.

If

the

above

phenomenon

disappears, it

can

be

considered

that

the intermodulation

arises at the

antenna

multi-coupler.

(2)

When the

phenomenon

does not

disappear

even

though the

receiver is connected

to the

antenna

directly,

check whether arrester-diode

is inserted on

the way of

the

feeder

line,

or not.

If

inserted,

remove that arrester-diode and

then

receive the

signal

(at

this time,

do not operate the

transmitter).

If the

phenomenon

disappears by

removing the arrester-diode,

add arrester-diodes

more

or

replace

them

with other type

protecting

element.

(3)

When

the

phenomenon

does

not

disappear

even

though the

receiver

is connected

to the

antenna directly and the arrester-diodes are removed,

this

is

caused by

the

characteristics

of the receiver.

At

first, remove

the arrester-diodes CD22 to

CD27

mounted on the

input

filter

circuit

(CFL-I84).

When the

phenomenon

does

not

disappear

still

now,

Y

I

|

?_._

r--'---r

VT

++

YT

++

?

,7+7

-23

-

turn on the

attenuator

of the receiver.

Explanation
Intermodulation

Some

radio waves

with different

frequencies are

frequency-converted

due

to the

antenna

multi-coupler,

arrester-diodes and

the non-linearity

of amplifiers and

mixers

in the

receiver. This

frequency-converted radio wave

equal to the

receiving frequency

and interferes

the

reception.

This

phenomenon

is

called intermodulation.

For

example,

assuming

that

the receiving

frequency

fn

is

3855

kHz, and other strong

interference

wave

fu,

is 3925 kHz,

f'=2fu,

-

frr.

If

fu, , in which a relation of 3855

kHz=7850

kHz - fu2 exists

(in

this case,

3995

kHz), is very strong, the

mixed signal of 3925

kHz

and 3995

kHz

will be

heard through the

receiver which

is

set

to

3855

kHz.

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