Isuzu AU-4LE1T, BV-4LE1T, AV-4LE1N, BV-4LE1N Maintenance Manual

CALIFORNIA

Proposition 65 Warning

Diesel engine exhaust and some of its
constituents are known to the State of
California to cause cancer, birth
defects, and other reproductive
harm.

FOREWORD

The ISUZU industrial diesel engines are a product of ISUZU’s long years of
experience, advanced technology. ISUZU takes great pride in the superior
durability and operating economy of these engines.

In order to get the fullest use and benefit from your industrial engine, it is
important that you operate and maintain it correctly. This Manual is
designed to help you do this.

Please read this Manual carefully and follow its operating and maintenance
recommendations. This will ensure many years of trouble-free and
economical engine operation.

Should your engine require servicing, please contact your nearest ISUZU
engine outlet. He knows your engine best and is ready to meet your
satisfaction.

All information, illustrations, and specifications contained in this Manual are
based on the latest product information available at the time of publication.

ISUZU reserves the right to make changes in this Manual at any time without
prior notice.

WARNING AND CAUTION

SAFETY WARNINGS

WARNING: These mean there is something that could hurt you or other
people.

In the warning area, we tell you what the hazard is. Then we tell you what to do
to help avoid or reduce the hazard. Please read these warnings. If you don’t,
you or others could be hurt.

ENGINE OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE WARNINGS

CAUTION: These mean there is something that could damage your engine
or equipment.

In the caution area, we tell you about something that can damage your engine or
equipment. Many times, this damage would not be covered by your warranty, and it could
be costly. But the caution will tell you what to do to help avoid the damage.

EMPHASIZED WARNINGS

NOTICE: These mean there is something that needs to be emphasized but
which does not concern the possibility of personal injury or mechanical
damage.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ENGINE EXTERNAL VIEWS .............................................................. 1

1. MODEL 4LE1T............................................................................. 1

2. MODEL 4LE1NA.......................................................................... 3

2. GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................. 5

1. EPA AND CARB CERTIFIED ENGINE DATA AND

SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................ 5

2. EC EMISSION CONTROL LABLE: ENGINE LABEL

(ONLY EC TYPE) ......................................................................... 18

3. ENGINE IDENTIFICATION........................................................... 19

4. ISUZU ENGINE AFTER SERVICE............................................... 21

3. FUEL, LUBRICANT, AND COOLANT................................................. 22

1. FUEL ............................................................................................ 22

2. LUBRICANT................................................................................. 27

3. COOLANT.................................................................................... 30

4. ENGINE OPERATION......................................................................... 31

1. CHECK BEFORE OPERATION................................................... 32

2. ENGINE STARTING..................................................................... 38

3. CHECK AND OPERATION AFTER THE ENGINE START-UP .... 42

4. CARE IN THE ENGINE OPERATION .......................................... 45

5. ENGINE STOPPING..................................................................... 51

6. OPERATION AND CARE FOR NEW ENGINE ............................ 52

7. ENGINE CARE FOR OVER-COOLING ....................................... 52

8. OPERATION AND CARE FOR TURBOCHARGED ENGINE...... 53

9. STARTING THE ENGINE AFTER BEING LEFT UNUSED

FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME ................................................. 54

5. PERIODICAL INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ............................ 55

1. LUBRICATING SYSTEM.............................................................. 55

2. COOLING SYSTEM ..................................................................... 64

3. FUEL SYSTEM............................................................................. 70

4. AIR INTAKE SYSTEM.................................................................. 77

5. ENGINE ELECTRICAL ................................................................ 79

6. ENGINE ASSEMBLY AND OTHERS ........................................... 83

6. ENGINE CARE IN COLD SEASON .................................................... 89

1. FUEL ............................................................................................ 89

2. COOLANT.................................................................................... 90

3. ENGINE OIL................................................................................. 92

4. BATTERY ..................................................................................... 92

5. ENGINE STARTING..................................................................... 93

7. ENGINE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE ............................................... 94

8. SIMPLE ENGINE TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................... 102

1. ENGINE EXTERNAL VIEWS

1

1. MODEL 4LE1T

(1) LH

Air inlet

Generator

Turbocharger

Water drain plug

Starter

IMLE0085

Note:
Engine details may
vary depending on the
specifications.

2

(2) RH

PCV

Nozzle holder

Solenoid stopper

Oil filler cap

Oil drain plug

Oil cooler

From oil filter

To oil filter

Water pump

Thermostat housing

IMLE0086

Note:
Engine details may
vary depending on the
specifications.

3

2. MODEL 4LE1NA

(1) LH

Air inlet

Generator

Water drain plug

Starter

IMLE0087

Note:
Engine details may
vary depending on the
specifications.

4

(2) RH

Nozzle holder

Solenoid stopper

Oil filler cap

Oil drain plug

Fuel filter

Oil filter

Thermostat housing

Water pump

IMLE0088

Note:
Engine details may
vary depending on the
specifications.

2. GENERAL INFORMATION

5

1. EPA AND CARB CERTIFIED ENGINE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS

Se rapporter à la fin de ce document pour les informations EPA en français.

(1) Model AU-4LE1T

ISUZU engine model name AU-4LE1T

Engine family *SZXL02.2UTA
Engine code 4LE1XXXXX-XX
Engine type Water-Cooled, four cycle, in-line overhead valve type
Combustion type Swirl chamber type
No. of cylinders – bore × stroke mm(in) 4 – 85 × 96 (3.35 × 3.78)
Engine displacement L(cid) 2.179 (133)
Compression ratio 21.5 to 1
Firing order 1 – 3 – 4 – 2

*2 Rated power: SAE NET kW(hp)/min

-1

40 (53.6) / 2200

*2 Fuel flow at max rated power (mm3/stroke) 46.3

Exhaust emission control system EM, IDI, TC, EGR
Injection pump Bosch, PFR type
Governor Variable speed, Mechanical type

* Mark ; Put a letter codes for model year on the top of the letters.

Y : 2000, 1 : 2001, 2 : 2002, 3 : 2003, 4 : 2004, 5 : 2005, 6 : 2006, 7 : 2007, 8 : 2008, 9 : 2009, Model Year

Engine code varies depending on each engine.

6

ISUZU engine model name AU-4LE1T

Injection nozzles Throttle type

Specified fuel Diesel fuel (ASTM D975 No.2-D)
*2 Starter (V-kW) 12 – 2.2
*2 Alternator (V-A) 12 – 50

Specified engine oil (API grade) Refer to 3.LUBRICANT, Engine Oil Selection.
*2 Lub. oil volume L(qts) 7.6 (8.0) – 10.3 (10.9)

Coolant volume (Engine only) L(qts) 2.8 (3.0)
*2 Engine dry weight kg(lb) 190 (419)

Overall length mm(in) 647.5 (25.5)
Overall width mm(in) 523.6 (20.6)

*2 Engine dimensions

Overall height mm(in) 720.8 (28.4)
Valve clearance (cold) mm(in) 0.4 (0.0157)
Nozzle injection pressure MPa(psi) 14.7 (2132)

*2 Injection timing B.T.D.C. 12°

Maker and type of turbocharger IHI, RHF-3

Specification for items marked with an asterisk (*2) will vary according to the type of equipment in which the
engine is installed.

7

(2) Model BV-4LE1T

ISUZU engine model name BV-4LE1T

Engine family *SZXL02.2VTB
Engine code 4LE1XXXXX-XX
Engine type Water-Cooled, four cycle, in-line overhead valve type
Combustion type Swirl chamber type
No. of cylinders – bore × stroke mm(in) 4 – 85 × 96 (3.35 × 3.78)
Engine displacement L(cid) 2.179 (133)
Compression ratio 21.5 to 1
Firing order 1 – 3 – 4 – 2

*2 Rated power: SAE NET kW(hp)/min

-1

35 (46.9) / 1800

*2 Fuel flow at max rated power (mm3/stroke) 49.7

Exhaust emission control system EM, IDI, TC
Injection pump Bosch, PFR type
Governor Variable speed, Mechanical type

* Mark ; Put a letter codes for model year on the top of the letters.

Y : 2000, 1 : 2001, 2 : 2002, 3 : 2003, 4 : 2004, 5 : 2005, 6 : 2006, 7 : 2007, 8 : 2008, 9 : 2009, Model Year

Engine code varies depending on each engine.

8

ISUZU engine model name BV-4LE1T

Injection nozzles Throttle type
Specified fuel Diesel fuel (ASTM D975 No.2-D)

*2 Starter (V-kW) 12 – 2.0
*2 Alternator (V-A) 12 – 35

Specified engine oil (API grade) Refer to 3.LUBRICANT, Engine Oil Selection.

*2 Lub. oil volume L(qts) 7.6 (8.0) – 10.3 (10.9)

Coolant volume (Engine only) L(qts) 2.8 (3.0)

*2 Engine dry weight kg(lb) 180 (397)

Overall length mm(in) 753.7 (29.7)

Overall width mm(in) 486.2 (19.1)

*2 Engine dimensions

Overall height mm(in) 601.8 (23.7)
Valve clearance (cold) mm(in) 0.4 (0.0157)
Nozzle injection pressure MPa(psi) 14.7 (2132)

*2 Injection timing B.T.D.C. 10°

Maker and type of turbocharger IHI, RHF-3

Specification for items marked with an asterisk (*2) will vary according to the type of equipment in which the
engine is installed.

9

(3) Model AV-4LE1N

ISUZU engine model name AV-4LE1N

Engine family *SZXL02.2VNA
Engine code 4LE1XXXXX-XX
Engine type Water-Cooled, four cycle, in-line overhead valve type
Combustion type Swirl chamber type
No. of cylinders – bore × stroke mm(in) 4 – 85 × 96 (3.35 × 3.78)
Engine displacement L(cid) 2.179 (133)
Compression ratio 21.5 to 1
Firing order 1 – 3 – 4 – 2

*2 Rated power: SAE NET kW(hp)/min

-1

35.9 (48.1) / 2600

*2 Fuel flow at max rated power (mm3/stroke) 35.5

Exhaust emission control system EM, IDI
Injection pump Bosch, PFR type
Governor Variable speed, Mechanical type

* Mark ; Put a letter codes for model year on the top of the letters.

Y : 2000, 1 : 2001, 2 : 2002, 3 : 2003, 4 : 2004, 5 : 2005, 6 : 2006, 7 : 2007, 8 : 2008, 9 : 2009, Model Year

Engine code varies depending on each engine.

10

ISUZU engine model name AV-4LE1N

Injection nozzles Throttle type
Specified fuel Diesel fuel (ASTM D975 No.2-D)

*2 Starter (V-kW) 12 – 2.0
*2 Alternator (V-A) 12 – 35

Specified engine oil (API grade) Refer to 3.LUBRICANT, Engine Oil Selection.

*2 Lub. oil volume L(qts) 5.9 (6.2) – 8.4 (8.8)

Coolant volume (Engine only) L(qts) 2.8 (3.0)

*2 Engine dry weight kg(lb) 170 (375)

Overall length mm(in) 695.7 (27.4)

Overall width mm(in) 486.2 (19.1)

*2 Engine dimensions

Overall height mm(in) 601.8 (23.7)
Valve clearance (cold) mm(in) 0.4 (0.0157)
Nozzle injection pressure MPa(psi) 14.7 (2132)

*2 Injection timing B.T.D.C. 13°

Specification for items marked with an asterisk (*2) will vary according to the type of equipment in which the
engine is installed.

11

(4) Model BV-4LE1N

ISUZU engine model name BV-4LE1N

Engine family *SZXL02.2VNC
Engine code 4LE1XXXXX-XX
Engine type Water-Cooled, four cycle, in-line overhead valve type
Combustion type Swirl chamber type
No. of cylinders – bore × stroke mm(in) 4 – 85 × 96 (3.35 × 3.78)
Engine displacement L(cid) 2.179 (133)
Compression ratio 21.5 to 1
Firing order 1 – 3 – 4 – 2

*2 Rated power: SAE NET kW(hp)/min

-1

26.3 (35.3) / 1800

*2 Fuel flow at max rated power (mm3/stroke) 36.5

Exhaust emission control system EM, IDI
Injection pump Bosch, PFR type
Governor Variable speed, Mechanical type

* Mark ; Put a letter codes for model year on the top of the letters.

Y : 2000, 1 : 2001, 2 : 2002, 3 : 2003, 4 : 2004, 5 : 2005, 6 : 2006, 7 : 2007, 8 : 2008, 9 : 2009, Model Year

Engine code varies depending on each engine.

12

ISUZU engine model name BV-4LE1N

Injection nozzles Throttle type
Specified fuel Diesel fuel (ASTM D975 No.2-D)

*2 Starter (V-kW) 12 – 2.0
*2 Alternator (V-A) 12 – 20

Specified engine oil (API grade) Refer to 3.LUBRICANT, Engine Oil Selection.

*2 Lub. oil volume L(qts) 5.9 (6.2) – 8.4 (8.8)

Coolant volume (Engine only) L(qts) 2.8 (3.0)

*2 Engine dry weight kg(lb) 170 (375)

Overall length mm(in) 671 (26.4)

Overall width mm(in) 496 (19.5)

*2 Engine dimensions

Overall height mm(in) 595 (23.4)
Valve clearance (cold) mm(in) 0.4 (0.0157)
Nozzle injection pressure MPa(psi) 14.7 (2132)

*2 Injection timing B.T.D.C. 10°

Specification for items marked with an asterisk (*2) will vary according to the type of equipment in which the
engine is installed.

13

(5) Engine family index

Engine Engine family Engine code

Injection nozzle

opening pressure

MPa(psi)

Injection timing

B.T.D.C.

(Static)

4LE1T *SZXL02.2UTA ALL –– ––
4LE1T *SZXL02.2VTB ALL –– ––
4LE1N *SZXL02.2VNA ALL –– ––
4LE1N *SZXL02.2VNC ALL –– ––

* Mark ; Put a letter codes for model year on the top of the letters.

Y : 2000, 1 : 2001, 2 : 2002, 3 : 2003, 4 : 2004, 5 : 2005, 6 : 2006, 7 : 2007, 8 : 2008, 9 : 2009, Model Year

14

EMISSION CONTROL LABEL: ENGINE LABEL (EPA, EC COMBIND TYPE)

Emission control label is attached at the center of injection pump cover located at the right side of cylinder body, or on the
cylinder head cover.

The location of emission control label attached on the engine may vary depending on the engine specification.

The following is the sample of a label required for engine emission control information, along with location.

4LE1T

ENGINE FAMILY
ENGINE CODE
MODEL
POWER CATEGORY

ADVERTISED POWER (SAE NET)

: XX.X kW / XXXX RPM

FUEL RATE : XX mm

/st.

3

VALVE LASH (COLD)

INL/EXH : XX / XX mm.

INITIAL INJECTION TIMING

CURB IDLE : XXX RPM

EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION

ISUZU MOTORS LTD. MADE IN JAPAN
THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR XX MY
NONROAD DIESEL ENGINES AND CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS FOR XX
MY OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINES.

EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

SEE SERVICE MANUAL FOR
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS.

ENGINE FAMILY : XXXXXXXXXX

ENGINE TYPE : XXXXXXXXXX

THIS ENGINE IS CONFORMED 97/68/EC DIRECTIVE.

ENGINE I.D.NUMBER :

XXXX-XXXX

TYPE APPROVAL NUMBER : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXX

: XX-XXXXX

: XXXXXXXXX-XX

: XXXXXXX.XXXX

: XX < kW < XX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
LOW SULFUR FUEL OR ULTRA LOW
SULFUR FUEL ONLY
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX

: XXX BTDC

IMLE0097

15

4LE1NA

ENGINE FAMILY
ENGINE CODE
MODEL
POWER CATEGORY

ADVERTISED POWER (SAE NET)

: XX.X kW / XXXX RPM

FUEL RATE : XX mm

/st.

3

VALVE LASH (COLD)

INL/EXH : XX / XX mm.

INITIAL INJECTION TIMING

CURB IDLE : XXX RPM

EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION

ISUZU MOTORS LTD. MADE IN JAPAN
THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR XX MY
NONROAD DIESEL ENGINES AND CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS FOR XX
MY OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINES.

EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

SEE SERVICE MANUAL FOR
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS.

ENGINE FAMILY : XXXXXXXXXX

ENGINE TYPE : XXXXXXXXXX

THIS ENGINE IS CONFORMED 97/68/EC DIRECTIVE.

ENGINE I.D.NUMBER :

XXXX-XXXX

TYPE APPROVAL NUMBER : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXX

: XX-XXXXX

: XXXXXXXXX-XX

: XXXXXXX.XXXX

: XX < kW < XX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
LOW SULFUR FUEL OR ULTRA LOW
SULFUR FUEL ONLY
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX

: XXX BTDC

IMLE0110

16

EMISSION CONTROL LABEL: ENGINE LABEL (ONLY EPA TYPE)

Emission control label is attached at a visible point on the equipment.

ENGINE FAMILY
ENGINE CODE
MODEL
POWER CATEGORY

ADVERTISED POWER (SAE NET)

: XX.X kW / XXXX RPM

FUEL RATE : XX mm

/st.

3

VALVE LASH (COLD)

INL/EXH : XX / XX mm.

INITIAL INJECTION TIMING

CURB IDLE : XXX RPM

EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION

ISUZU MOTORS LTD. MADE IN JAPAN
THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR XX MY
NONROAD DIESEL ENGINES AND CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS FOR XX
MY OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINES.

EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

SEE SERVICE MANUAL FOR
MODEL SPECIFICATIONS.

XXXXXX

: XX-XXXXX

: XXXXXXXXX-XX

: XXXXXXX.XXXX

: XX < kW < XX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
LOW SULFUR FUEL OR ULTRA LOW
SULFUR FUEL ONLY
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX

: XXX BTDC

ENGINE I.D.NUMBER :

XXXX-XXXX

IMLE0105

17

FUEL TYPE IN USE LIMITATION LABEL (FOR EPA)

The fuel type in use limitation label is attached on the filler neck of the fuel tank.

Contents of the label:
LOW SULFUR OR ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL ONLY

IMLE0066

18

2. EC EMISSION CONTROL LABEL: ENGINE LABEL (ONLY EC TYPE)

Emission control label is attached at the front of injection pump cover located at the right side of cylinder body or the
cylinder head cover.

The following is the detail of a label required for engine emission control information, along with location.

EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION
ISUZU MOTORS LTD. MADE IN JAPAN

ENGINE FAMILY : XXXXXXXXXX

ENGINE TYPE : XXXXXXXXXX

THIS ENGINE IS CONFORMED 97/68/EC DIRECTIVE.

ENGINE I.D.NUMBER :

XXXX-XXXX

TYPE APPROVAL NUMBER : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXX

IMLE0106

19

3. ENGINE IDENTIFICATION

(1) Position of Display

The engine serial number is stamped on the front upper right side of
the cylinder body, and the engine model is cast on the rear lower right
side of cylinder body just above the oil cooler.
Further, engine model is described also on an ID label on the top of the
cylinder head cover.

20

Engine model Serial number

4LE1 000000

IMLE0092

21

(2) Confirmation of Engine Serial Number

It is advisable to check the engine serial number, engine model name
and type of machine together with the equipment manufacturer’s name,
as it is required when you contact the distributor for repair service or
parts ordering.

WAR NIN G:

Conduct confirmation of engine serial number with the engine
stopped.
To avoid being injury, don’t check it, while the engine is still
hot.

4. ISUZU ENGINE AFTER SERVICE

(1) Isuzu Engine After Service

Please feel free to contact your ISUZU dealer for periodical inspection
and maintenance.

(2) Isuzu Genuine Parts

The ISUZU genuine parts are identical with those of used in the engine
production, and accordingly, they are warranted by ISUZU MOTORS
LIMITED.
The ISUZU genuine parts are supplied by the ISUZU distributors or the
authorized parts suppliers. Please designate "ISUZU Genuine Parts"
when you need engine parts.

IMLE0073

IMWG0005

3. FUEL, LUBRICANT, AND COOLANT

22

1. FUEL

(1) Fuel Selection

The following specific advantages are required for the diesel fuel.

1) Must be free from minute dust particles.

2) Must have adequate viscosity.

3) Must have high cetane value.

4) Must have high fluidity at low temperature.

5) *Low sulfur or ultra low sulfur diesel fuel only.

6) Must have little residual carbon.
* EPA regulations

Diesel fuels

Applicable Standard Recommendation
JIS (JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD) NO. 2
DIN (DEUTSCHE INDUSTRIE NORMEN) DIN 51601
SAE (SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS)

Based on SAE-J-313C

NO. 2-D

BS (BRITISH STANDARD)

Based on BS/2869-1970

Class A-1

If fuel other than the specified one is used, engine function will be lowered.

23

(2) Fuel Requirements

CAUTION:

Use of other types of fuel than ultra low-sulfur fuel may not
conform to emission regulations.

CAUTION:

The fuel injection pump, injection nozzle or other parts of the
fuel system and engine can be damaged if you use any fuel or
fuel additive other than those specifically recommended by
Isuzu.
Such damage is not Isuzu’s responsibility, and is not covered
by the Warranty. To help avoid fuel system or engine damage,
please heed the following:

•

Some service stations mix used engine oil with diesel fuel.

Some manufacturers of large diesel engines allow this;
however, for your diesel engine, do not use diesel fuel
which has been contaminated with engine oil. Besides
causing engine damage, such fuel can also affect emission
control. Before using any diesel fuel, check with the
service station operator to see if the fuel has been mixed
with engine oil.

•

Do not use any fuel additive (other than as recommended

under "Biocide" in this section). At the time this manual
was printed, no other fuel additive was recommended.
(See your authorized dealer to find out if this has changed.)

•

Take care not to run out of diesel fuel. If you do run out of

fuel, you may need to bleed air out of the fuel injection
pump to re-start the engine after fuel has been added.

24

Your engine is designed to use either Number 1-D or Number 2-D diesel fuel.
However, for better fuel economy, use Number 2-D diesel fuel whenever
possible. At temperatures less than -7°C, (20°F), Number 2-D fuel may
pose operating problems (see "Cold Weather Operation" which follows). At
colder temperatures, use Number 1-D fuel (if available) or use a "winterized"
Number 2-D (a blend of Number 1-D and Number 2-D). This blended fuel is
usually called Number 2-D also, but can be used in colder temperatures than
Number 2-D fuel which has not been "winterized. " Check with the service
station operator to be sure you get the properly blended fuel. Note that
diesel fuel may foam during a fill-up. This can cause the automatic pump
nozzle to shut off even though your tank is not full.

CAUTION:

Do not use home heating oil or gasoline in your diesel engine;
either may cause engine damage.

(3) Replacement Fasteners

CAUTION:

Fuel may be under pressure. Remove the fuel cap slowly to
prevent fuel from spraying out and causing injury.

NOTICE:

Always use diesel fuel.
Use of low quality fuel may adversely affect the engine parts,
and cause failure.
Use of other than specified fuel may adversely affect the
engine or emission control system and cause failure.
If other than specified diesel fuel is used, the machine may not
conform to specifications.

25

(4) Handling of the Fuel

The fuel containing dust particles or water will cause engine failure.
Therefore, the following notice must be observed.

1) Take care to prevent the fuel from entry of dust particles or water when
filling the fuel tank.
When fueling is done from an oil drum directly, keep the drum
stationary over a long time so that clean fuel can be used after the dust
particles or water is completely sedimented.

2) Always fully fill the fuel tank. Drain the sedimented particles in the fuel
tank frequently by opening the tank draining hole.

(5) Water in Fuel

During refueling, it is possible for water (and other contaminants) to be
pumped into your fuel tank along with the diesel fuel. This can
happen if a service station does not regularly inspect and clean its fuel
tanks, or if a service station receives contaminated fuel from its
supplier(s).
To protect your engine from contaminated fuel, there is a fuel filter
system on the engine which allows you to drain excess water.