Intel LP486SX/20E, LP486SX/25E, LP486/33E, LP486DX2/50E Intel Professional Workstation LP486SX/20E, LP486SX/25E, LP486/33E & LP486DX2/50E Manual

Intel Corporation

Professional Workstation

Technical Product Summary

Models LP486SX/20E, LP486SX/25E,

LP486/33E & LP486DX2/50E

Version 2.0

10/02/1993

Table Of Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................6

Professional Workstation System Features............................................................................................................6

CPU...............................................................................................................................................................6

Processor Upgrade Socket........................................................................................................................6

Cache Memory Option...............................................................................................................................6

System BIOS................................................................................................................................................7

BIOS Upgrades............................................................................................................................7

BIOS Setup Program...................................................................................................................7

Keyboard Controller...................................................................................................................................8

System Memory ..........................................................................................................................................9

EISA Bus Interface.....................................................................................................................................9

82359 DRAM Controller .............................................................................................................9

82358DT EISA Bus Controller (EBC).......................................................................................9

82357 Integrated System Peripheral (ISP)................................................................................9

82353 Advanced Data Path (ADP)...........................................................................................9

82352 EISA Bus Buffer (EBB)....................................................................................................9

EISA Expansion Slots.................................................................................................................................9

LAN Subsystem..........................................................................................................................................10

82596CA LAN Controller...........................................................................................................10

Ethernet Address........................................................................................................................10

LAN Media Connections...........................................................................................................10

LAN Drivers.................................................................................................................................10

SCSI Subsystem..........................................................................................................................................11

NCR 53C700 SCSI I/O Processor (SIOP)..................................................................................11

SCSI Physical Interface..............................................................................................................11

SCSI Drivers.................................................................................................................................11

Video Subsystem........................................................................................................................................11

Western Digital WD90C30 Graphics Controller.....................................................................11

Western Digital Video BIOS......................................................................................................12

Video Connectors .......................................................................................................................12

Video Drivers and Utilities.........................................................................................................12

EISA Configuration Utility........................................................................................................................12

Western Digital WD16C552 Serial/Parallel Controller...........................................................................12

Real Time Clock, Battery-Backed CMOS RAM and Battery................................................................12

Speaker .........................................................................................................................................................13

System Peripherals......................................................................................................................................13

Peripheral Bays............................................................................................................................13

Floppy Drive Interface...............................................................................................................13

Mass Storage Devices ...............................................................................................................13

Front Panel...................................................................................................................................................13

System Chassis ...........................................................................................................................................14

Security.........................................................................................................................................................14

Physical Security.........................................................................................................................14

Network Security.........................................................................................................................14

Power Supply...............................................................................................................................................14

Professional Workstation Differentiators ...............................................................................................................15

Professional Workstation Preliminary Benchmarks...............................................................................................15

Appendices ..................................................................................................................................................................17

Product Codes and Standard System Configurations...........................................................................17

Professional Workstation Literature........................................................................................................17

User Installable Components....................................................................................................................18

Software Driver Matrix...............................................................................................................................18

Supported Peripherals ................................................................................................................................19

System Specifications................................................................................................................................20

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Physical Dimensions..................................................................................................................20

Power Supply Current Ratings..................................................................................................20

System Current Usage................................................................................................................20

Regulatory Standards.................................................................................................................21

Environmental Specifications....................................................................................................................21

Baseboard Jumpers.....................................................................................................................................22

Baseboard Connectors...............................................................................................................................22

J1 - Internal Serial Port 1 Header...............................................................................................22

J2 - Power Connector ..................................................................................................................23

J4 - Dual Serial Port Connector.................................................................................................23

J6A - Parallel Port........................................................................................................................23

J6B - External SCSI Port Connector..........................................................................................24

J8 - PS/2 Mouse Connector.......................................................................................................24

J15 - PS/2 Keyboard Connector................................................................................................24

J16 - VGA Video Connector .......................................................................................................25

J17 - Twist ed Pair Ethernet Connector.....................................................................................25

J18 - AUI Ethernet Connector...................................................................................................25

J20 - VESA Video Pass-thru Connector ...................................................................................25

Default CMOS Parameters.........................................................................................................................25

Video Modes ...............................................................................................................................................27

System Resources.......................................................................................................................................28

SIMM Configuration Guide (note 1)........................................................................................28

System Memory Map.................................................................................................................29

System I/O Address Map..........................................................................................................30

System Interrupts ........................................................................................................................31

Predicted Reliability and MTBF Specifications......................................................................................31

Customer Support.......................................................................................................................................31

Glossary........................................................................................................................................................................33

Intel Corporation PAGE 3

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

List Of Tables

Product Codes and System Configurations............................................................................................................17

System Physical Specifications................................................................................................................................20

Power Supply Current Ratings..................................................................................................................................20

System Current Usage................................................................................................................................................20

System Environmental Specifications......................................................................................................................21

Baseboard Jumpers.....................................................................................................................................................22

Default CMOS Settings..............................................................................................................................................25

Enhanced Video Modes.............................................................................................................................................27

SIMM Configuration Guide.......................................................................................................................................28

System Memory Map.................................................................................................................................................29

System I/O Address Map..........................................................................................................................................30

System Interrupts........................................................................................................................................................31

PAGE 4 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Intel Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors
that may appear in this document.

Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in an Intel product. No
other circuit patent licenses are implied. Intel hardware products are copyrighted by and shall remain the property of Intel
Corporation.

No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior consent of Intel
Corporation.

Intel Corporation retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time, without notice.

Trademarks:

Intel 386, 386, 387, 386SX, 387SX, intel and Intel are trademarks
of Intel Corporation, (CHMOS is a patented Intel process).
386MAX and 386-to-the-Max are trademarks of Qualitas, Inc.
AutoCAD is a trademark of Autodesk Inc.
Cadvance is a trademark of ISICAD Inc.
Centronics is a trademark of Centronics Data Computer Corp.
Framework is a trademark of Ashton-Tate Corp.
Gem3 is a trademark of Digital Research Inc.
Hercules is a trademark of Hercules Technology Corp.
IBM,. MDA, MCGA, EGA, VGA, Personal System/2, PS/2, PC/XT and PC/AT are trademarks of
International Business Machines Corporation.
Landmark is a trademark of Landmark Research International Corp.
Lotus is a trademark of Lotus Development Corp.
Microsoft, MS -DOS, OS/2, Xenix and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
NEC and MultiSync are trademarks of the Nippon Electric Corporation.
Novell is the trademark of Novell, Inc.
OverDrive is a trademark of Intel Corp.
PAD is a trademark of PCAD Corp.
QEMM-386 is a trademar k of Quarterdeck Office Systems
SCO is a trademark of Santa Cruz Operations, Inc.
TEAC is a trademark of TEAC Corp. of Japan.
TEAPO is a trademark of TEAPO Electronic Corp. of Taiwan.
UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
VEL CRO is a trademark of VEL CRO Inc.
VersaCAD is a trademark of VersaCAD Corp.
VRAM is a trademark of Video Seven Inc.
Western Digital is a trademark of Western Digital Corp.
WordPerfect is a trademark of WordPerfect Corporation.

Copyright 1991 Intel Corporation, Oregon Products Division, 5200 N.E. Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124. World
rights reserved. No part of the publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way
without the prior agreement and consent of Intel Corporation.

Intel Corporation PAGE 5

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

INTEL PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION TECHNICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

This document outlines the features and specifications for the Intel Professional Workstation Microcomputer product line.
A basic understanding of the Professional Workstation will be provided by detailing the features, capabilities, and benefits
of the product. Detailed technical information is provided in the appendices for those users who would like to know more
about how to interface additional hardware with the Professional Workstation.

I. INTRODUCTION

The Professional Workstation product family delivers excellent, cost effective performance in a low-profile chassis.
Incorporating SCSI, LAN, and Video controllers on the motherboard, the Professional Workstation provides a number of on­board resources that would otherwise require the use of add-in I/O expansion cards. This integration delivers increased
functionality, increased reliability, and increased performance while reducing the system power requirements and the need
for a large number of expansion slots. Integration tasks by the OEM are simplified, system reliability is increased, and a
consistent set of functions and options are provided to the end user, improving system compatibility. A range of
price/performance options is provided by offering a choice of 4 different i486-based CPUs. A performance upgrade socket
allows for easy upgrades in the field. Additionally, two EISA compatible expansion slots deliver high performance
expandibility.

The Professional Workstation will excel in networked business workstation and CAD/CAM applications, in office
automation applications requiring multi -function client systems, and as a high performance integrated PC platform.

II. PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION SYSTEM FEATURES
A. CPU

The Professional Workstation allows for a choice of four different i486-based CPUs: the LP486SX/20E uses a 20 MHz
i486SX, the LP486SX/25E uses a 25 MHz i486SX, the LP486/33E uses a 33 MHz i486DX and the LP486DX2/50 uses a 50 MHz
i486DX2. Thei486DX2/50 embodies the latest "clock doubling" technology from Intel. This component has been created with
an internal clock that runs twice as fast as the external clock i.e the system still runs @ 25 MHz but the internals of the CPU
run at 50 Mhz. The wide range in system performance that this engenders allows the OEM to select the price/performance
option appropriate for his application.

The Professional Workstation supports all the i486 CPU functionality. Common features of the three CPUs include backward
compatibility with the 8086, 80286, and 386 CPUs, burst mode bus cycles, and an on-chip 8 Kbyte cache. The cache is 4-way
set associative and uses a write-through policy. The cache can be disabled via either software or hardware. The i486DX
CPU contains an on-chip numeric coprocessor to increase the speed of floating point operations. This coprocessor is
backward code compatible with 387DX and 387SX math coprocessors and complies to ANSI/IEEE standard 754-1985.

B. OverDrive Processor Socket

A socket is provided that allows users to upgrade the CPU performance of their systems. An i486SX based Professional
Workstation can be upgraded in two ways by installing an i487SX component in the OverDrive socket or by adding an
OverDrive processor This improves system performance by either adding a numeric coprocessor to speed floating point
calculations or by increasing the maximum internal CPU speed capability. The upgrade path for i486DX based systems also
takes the OverDrive processor path although the numeric coprocessor is not an option. The Table below shows the choices
of upgrade processors available and their relative socket. There is a Jumper block (J10) on the motherboard that allows for
upgrade CPU speed selection, see Section G in the attached Appendices for more details.

PAGE 6 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Primary Socket (U20) OverDrive Socket (U36) may house any of the following.

i486SX-20 i487SX-20, OverDrive-40, OverDrive-50* or OverDrive-66*

i486SX-25 i487SX-25, OverDrive-50 or OverDrive-66*

i486DX-33 OverDrive-50* or OverDrive-66

i486DX2-50 OverDrive-66*

i486DX2-66 No Upgrade Available

* - Jumper (J10) change required

C. Cache Memory Option

In addition to the i486's internal cache, the Professional Workstation provides a socket for an optional external cache, the
Intel 485 TurboCache Module. The socket allows three additional price/performance configurations: no external cache, 64
KByte cache, or 128 KByte cache. Presence of the cache module is automatically detected, no software or hardware changes
are required to take advantage of the external cache. The external cache is enabled/disabled in conjunction with the internal
i486 cache, both are either on or off together.

The module consists of an Intel 82485 cache controller and either 4 or 8 custom SRAM'S, depending on the cache size. The
module implements a 2-way set associative, write-through cache architecture, and provides full burst mode support for the
i486. Cache accesses occur at zero wait states. There is also an option in the BIOS Setup program allowing selected memory
addresses to be designated as non-cacheable.

Notes: Due to an errata on the 82359 DRAM Controller, the TurboCache module will not work correctly with only one SIMM
installed. A label has been attached to the sock et to warn users of this potential limitation. This errata will be corrected in the
next stepping of the 82359, expected in late Q2 92.

The current version of the Turbocache has an errata that may cause system malfunction in a multitasking environment i.e
Netware386. It is important that the system be fitted with the latest version of the TurboCache that has had the errata
removed.

D. System BIOS

The system BIOS is stored in two Intel FLASH EEPROM (28F001BT) devices, providing a total of 256 KByte of program
code space via a paged ROM memory scheme. The Professional Workstation uses Phoenix Technologies 80486 ROM BIOS
PLUS Version 1.00 01.S0 In addition to the Phoenix BIOS, the FLASH memory also contains the SETUP utility, Power-On
Self-Tests (POST), video BIOS, SCSI BIOS, Ethernet address, EISA configuration memory, EISA board ID, a 8-KByte user
definable region, and update recovery code. For improved system performance, the Professional Workstation supports
system BIOS shadowing, allowing the BIOS to execute from 32-bit on-board write-protected DRAM instead of the slower 8­bit FLASH devices.

The increased functionality of the BIOS required more memory space than the standard 128 KByte region reserved for
system BIOS. A unique page ROM memory scheme (patent pending) was implemented to include the enhanced
functionality while ensuring compatibility with standard PC architecture. Not all the ROM is accessible at once, page
registers control which two 64 KByte pages are available at any one time. During normal operation, the 64 KByte page at
E0000-EFFFF always contains the video BIOS, while the 64 KByte page located at F0000-FFFFF swaps between one of three
pages: POST, SETUP, and run-time BIOS.

Further information on BIOS functions can be found in the documents listed below:
Intel Corporation PAGE 7

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

• IBM PS/2 and Personal Computer BIOS Technical Reference.

• CBIOS for IBM PS/2 Computers and Compatibles.

• ABIOS for IBM PS/2 Computers and Compatibles.

The first document is published by IBM and the second and third documents are part of the Phoenix Technologies'
Technical Reference Series and are available at most technical bookstores.

1. BIOS Upgrades

FLASH memory brings new opportunities for distributing BIOS upgrades. Installing a new version of BIOS will no
longer require removal of the system cover and the replacement of EPROM'S. Instead, the upgrade can be done
completely from a floppy diskette. Easy access to BIOS upgrades will be available through down -loadable files on the
iPAN bulletin board.

Security is provided in two ways. First, the FLASH upgrade utility insures the upgrade BIOS matches the target system
to prevent accidentally installing a BIOS for a different type of system. Second, security to prevent unauthorized
changes to the BIOS is provided via a write protect jumper on the motherboard. The default setting is to allow BIOS
upgrades. A recovery jumper is provided to recover from the unlikely event of an unsuccessful BIOS upgrade. It forces
the ROM decode to access an 16 KByte block of write protected code in the FLASH device that facilitates recovery.
The default value for this jumper is for "normal" mode (note: this jumper is not changed during normal BIOS updates, it
is used only if a problem is encountered).

2. BIOS Setup Program

The BIOS SETUP Program has been enhanced and provides several new options to take advantage of the Professional
Workstation's new features. New options include:

On-board LAN -- enable/disable

On-board SCSI -- enable/disable.

Lan Media type -- Twisted pair or AUI.

On-board IDE -- enable/disable

800x600 Mode Refresh Rate -- 56/60/72Hz. Allows the user to set the refresh rate appropriate to his monitor to
obtain the sharpest display.

1024x768 Mode Refresh Rate -- Interlaced @ 44-88Hz / Non-interlaced @ 60Hz / Non-interlaced @ 70Hz/ Non­interlaced @ 72Hz. Allows the user to set the refresh rate appropriate to his monitor (less expensive interlaced or
high resolution non-interlaced) to obtain the sharpest display.

On-board Mouse Port -- Enable/Disable. Disabling the mouse port frees up an interrupt line.

Parallel Port -- Enable/Disable, Bi-directional/Output only, LPT1/LPT2.

Cache Block Disable -- Enable/Disable. When enabled, allows specified blocks of memory to be designated as
non-cacheable.

I/O Bus Performance -- Standard/Enhanced. Changes the refresh timing characteristics of the system to enhance
performance. The system will enable a function called FAST VIDEO if this setup parameter is ENABLED. This will
improve the video performance by a factor of approxima tely 2. Expansion cards that make use of the bus refresh
signal may not work correctly with this parameter set to enhanced mode.

PAGE 8 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Shadow Memory Options -- Allows specified 16 KByte blocks of memory from C0000 to DFFFFH to be shadowed
to on-board DRAM. Primarily used to shadow expansion card ROM.

System Information -- Displays information on several aspects of system configuration, such as Ethernet address,
BIOS version, processor type, LAN media type, etc.

The SETUP program is accessed by pushing the F1 key following a reboot of the system. For security purposes, access
to SETUP can disabled via a jumper on the motherboard.

E. Keyboard Controller

An Intel 8742 surface mount micro controller contains the Phoenix Technologies PS/2 compatible keyboard/mouse controller
code. PS/2 style keyboard and mouse connectors are located on backpanel of the system. The micro controller code
supports Power-On/Reset (POR), network, and keyboard password protection. Network and keyboard passwords require
programs contained on the utility disk that ships with the system, the POR password is set via the SETUP program. In
addition, the keyboard controller provides for the following "HOT" key sequences:

• CTRL-ALT.-DEL.: System software reset.

This sequence performs a software reset of the system by jumping to the beginning of the BIOS code and
running the POST operation, excluding memory tests.

• CTRL-ALT-1 and CTRL-ALT-2: Turbo mode selection*.

These two sequences can be used to toggle between turbo and de-turbo modes. CTRL-ALT-1 sets the
system into de-turbo mode (emulates an MHz 80286 CPU using wait states) and CTRL-ALT-2 sets the
system into turbo mode (its normal operation at 33MHz).

• CTRL-ALT-+ and CTRL-ALT--: Keystroke Click Sound level selection.

This adjusts the speaker level for the click sounds made when a key is depressed. The level of sound may
be adjusted from not audible to loud with 7 levels in between.

*Note: Changing the Turbo mode may at times be prohibited by an operating system or application software.

F. System Memory

The Professional Workstation provides four 36-bit wide SIMM sites for memory expansion. The memory array is controlled
by an Intel 82359 DRAM controller, data buffering is provided by two Intel 82353 Advanced Data Path devices. The four
SIMM sites support 256K x 36, 512K x 36, 1M x 36, and 2M x 36 SIMM modules, and will support 16M x 36 and 32M x 36
modules as they become available (see the Appendix for a complete list of possible memory configurations). Maximum
current memory size, using four 2M x 36 SIMM modules is 32 MBytes. Memory timing is designed for 80 ns fast page
devices, faster DRAMs will operate in the board but will provide no performance improvement. Parity generation/checking is
provided for each 8-bit byte. Systems initial shipped by Intel had two 2 MByte SIMM installed. The current configuration
includes one 4 MByte SIMM.

SIMMs may be installed in combinations of one, two or four modules and each SIMM must be of the same memory size (see
the Appendix for a complete list of combinations). These restrictions allow the memory design to be optimized for the best
possible performance. The best memory performance is achieved when all four SIMM sites are populated. This allows for 4­way interleaving of the DRAM, supporting n-1-1-1 type burst cycles from the i486. If only two SIMMs are present the
DRAM will be 2-way interleaved. The slowest memory accesses occur when only one SIMM site is populated.

There are no jumper settings required for the memory size configuration, the System BIOS automatically sizes memory and
initializes the 82359 DRAM controller for appropriate DRAM configuration and interleave factor.

G. EISA Bus Interface

The interface to the EISA bus is controlled by the Intel 82350DT chip set. The chip set consists of a 82358DT EISA Bus
Controller (EBC), a 82357 Integrated System Peripheral (ISP), a 82359 DRAM controller, two 82353 Advanced Data Path
buffers, and two 82352 EISA Bus Buffers (EBB) (one in data buffer mode, the other in address buffer mode).

Intel Corporation PAGE 9

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

1. 82359 DRAM Controller

The 82359 provides all control signals necessary to drive the DRAM array, including multiplexed address signals. It
also controls system access to memory and generates snoop controls to maintain cache coherency.

2. 82358DT EISA Bus Controller (EBC)

The 82358DT is a superset of the original 82358 and includes a mode compatible with the 82359 Buffered Bus. The
EBC controls all EISA bus cycles, including DMA transfers, EISA and ISA bus master cycles, and Host EISA
cycles. The EBC also controls any byte swapping and byte assembly required.

3. 82357 Integrated System Peripheral (ISP)

The 82357 integrates seven 32-bit DMA channels, five 16-bit timer/counters, two eight-channel interrupt controllers,
NMI logic, refresh address generation, and EISA bus arbitration circuitry together onto the same device.

4. 82353 Advanced Data Path (ADP)

The two 82353 ADPs provide data paths between the Host Bus, the DRAM arra y, and the system interface. Each
ADP provides 16-bits of host data, one for even bytes, one for odd bytes. Both the Host and system interfaces are
32-bits wide, the interface to the memory array is 128-bits wide.

5. 82352 EISA Bus Buffer (EBB)

The 82352 EBBs provide address and data buffering to the EISA bus. One EBB is used for address buffering, the
second EBB is used to buffer the 32 data bits.

H. EISA Expansion Slots

The Professional Workstation motherboard contains one EISA compatible connector. This connector is used to support a
riser card that contains two horizontal EISA bus master expansion slots. These expansion slots support 8- or 16-bit ISA
compatible expansions cards as well as any EISA compatible expansion cards. The EISA expansion cards are oriented
parallel to the motherboard, rather than perpendicular. This parallel orientation makes the low profile chassis outline
possible. The riser card is limited to a maximum of two EISA expansion slots by electrical constra ints of the motherboard as
well as physical constraints of the system chassis.

I. LAN Subsystem

1. 82596CA LAN Controller

The on-board LAN controller is an Intel 82596CA operating at 33MHz and is IEEE 802.3 compliant. The controller
resides on the Buffered bus of the 82358DT EISA Bus Controller (for more information on the Buffered Bus, see the
82358DT data sheet). The 82596CA shares memory space in main memory with the i486 processor. A 64-byte transmit
FIFO and a 128-byte receive FIFO is contained in the 82596CA. When the transmit FIFO reaches a predetermined
threshold level, network transmission begins. When the receive FIFO reaches its threshold level, the 82596CA arbitrates
for control of the Buffered Bus and transfers the contents of the FIFO into main memory.

2. Ethernet Address

Each system has its own unique 6-byte Ethernet address as specified by the IEEE 802.3 standard. This address is stored
in the FLASH EPROM on the system board. The Ethernet address area in FLASH memory is write protected to prevent
accidental erasure. Software can access this address via a BIOS INT15 call, the user can display both the ethernet
address and the interrupt being used by the 82596CA from the System Information screen accessed via the SETUP
program.

3. LAN Media Connections

PAGE 10 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

The Professional Workstation supports both the Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) and Twisted Pair (10BaseT) network
connections. Only one interface can be active at any one time, and only one cable should be connected to the
Professional Workstation at any one time to prevent possible loading issues on the inactive interface. The active
interface is selectable via the SETUP program.

AUI is specified in Chapter 7 of the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet specification. Connection is via a 15-pin D-sub connector
located on the back panel of the system. The AUI connection provides a 12 V source, a one amp fuse on the
motherboard provides overcurrent protection. An external Medium Attachment Unit (MAU) may be connected to
interface to other network mediums, such as Cheapernet (10Base2).

10BaseT is specified in the IEEE 802.3 supplement, Section 14. Connection to the LAN is via an RJ-45 connector located
on the back panel of the system.

4. LAN Drivers

DOS LAN drivers are included in the Base Software Kit which is shipped with the system. Two protocols are supported,
IPX for Novell and NDIS for Microsoft compatible networks. Microsoft compatible networks include Microsoft
LANMAN, BANYAN Vines, DEC Pathwor ks, and IBM LAN server.

The required boot disks and LAN driver for SCO UNIX V.3.2 are included in the optional Unix Software Accessory kit
(LPUNIXKIT). The LAN driver supplies an LLI compliant interface that is compatible with SCO's TCP/IP software.

The LAN driver for OS/2 is included in the Intel OS/2 Operating System Package. The driver supports an NDIS
compatible interface. Compatible networks include Microsoft's LANMAN and IBM's LAN server.

LAN drivers for a Novell server are included in the optional Novell Server Kit (part # LPNOVLSKIT).

Please see the Appendix for a complete matrix of driver information.

J. SCSI Subsystem

1. NCR 53C700 SCSI I/O Processor (SIOP)

The on-board SCSI I/O processor is a NCR 53C700. This component has internal FIFOs on the SCSI and host data
busses, 32-bit address and data busses, and an internal SCRIPTS processor capable of fast DMA. A custom ASIC is
used to convert the 386-like bus interface of the NCR 53C700 to the asynchronous strobed interface required by the
82359 DRAM Controller. The SIOP runs at 33 MHz, the maximum theoretical data transfer rate is 66 MBytes/sec across
the Buffered Bus, and 8.25 MBytes/sec across the SCSI bus.

2. SCSI Physical Interface

The SCSI Physical Interfa ce consists of the SCSI connectors for the internal hard drive, the external SCSI port, the
termination's at each end of the SCSI bus, and the SCSI termination power circuitry.

A riser card is used to connect the baseboard SCSI bus to the SCSI hard drive. The Power Workstation supports only
the single ended SCSI mode. A short ribbon cable with standard 3M type connectors and power cable are used to
connect the drive to the riser card.

A fine pitch 50-pin connector located on the back panel of the system is used for the external SCSI interface. When an
internal SCSI drive is installed, up to six additional SCSI devices can be connected via the external connector. This
number can be increased to seven when no internal SCSI drive is installed.

The SCSI standard requires termination at each end of the bus. Termination for the internal drive is soldered into the
riser card. Therefore, internal drives must not have termination resistors installed. Termination at the external end of the
bus consists of an ext ernal removable termination block. This termination block is available from both AMP and

Intel Corporation PAGE 11

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

FOXCON. The AMP part number is 749535-2. This terminator is not required when an internal IDE drive is implemented.
Termination power is routed to the termination resistors through a 1.0 Amp fuse. Termination power can be disabled via
a jumper on the motherboard for applications where a different SCSI device is supplying termination power.

3. SCSI Drivers

SCSI drivers for DOS are shipped with the system. No drivers are required for DOS if Protected Mode of the CPU is not
used i.e. memory mangers or Windows 3.0 is NOT used, and the only peripheral devices installed are one or two SCSI
hard disks using the onboard SCSI controller: All functions are taken care of by the SCSI BIOS. All other situations,
such as multiple host adapters, mixture of SCSI and IDE drives, booting from a SCSI device other than a hard drive, use
of an extended memory manager (such as QEMM, EMM386 or Windows 3.0), etc., require installation of the (4) supplied
SCSI drivers.

Unix SCSI drivers for SCO V.3.2 are included in the Unix Software Accessory Kit, SCSI drivers for OS/2 are included in
the Intel OS/2 Release 1.3 Operating system package. Please see the Appendix for a complete matrix of driver
information.

K. Video Subsystem

1. Western Digital WD90C30 Graphics Controller

The Professional Workstation incorporates an Extended VGA video solution onto the system board using a Western
Digital WD90C30 chip -set. Intel's patent pending circuitry can speed graphics performance by up to 50% over standard
designs. The WD90C30 is fully compatible with the MDA, CGA, Hercules Graphics, EGA, and VGA video standards.
Standard configuration comes with 512 KBytes of installed vid eo DRAM. This allows for resolutions up to 800 x 600 x
256 colors or 1024 x 768 x 16 colors. The video memory can be increased to a total of 1 MByte by adding four 256K x 4
fast page mode 60 ns DRAMs to the four DIP sockets on the system board. With 1 MByte of Display Ram installed, the
Professional Workstation will support a maximum resolution of 1024 x 768 x 256 colors. The Professional Workstation
supports non-interlaced as well as interlaced monitors even at the higher resolutions. The Display Ram is paged into
128 KBytes of RAM located between A0000H and BFFFFH.

2. Western Digital Video BIOS

Video BIOS from Western Digital has been incorporated into the system BIOS. The BIOS supports the normal VGA
modes (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,D,E,F,10,11,12,13)1 and also supports several enhanced video modes (See the appendix for the

complete list). To allow for the use of other add-in video adapter cards, the on-board video BIOS can be disabled using
a hardware jumper.

3. Video Connectors

A standard PS/2 15-pin analog VGA connector is provided on the I/O backpanel. A VESA compliant 8514/A Feature
Connector is provided on the baseboard. This is typically used as a VGA pass through connector when an auxiliary
video subsystem is installed in one of the expansion slots, such as an 8514/A compatible video card or DVI board set.

4. Video Drivers and Utilities

Video drivers and utilities for DOS and WINDOWS 3.0 are shipped with the Professional Workstation system. Included
on the diskettes are enhanced mode drivers for common MS -DOS software applications such as AutoCAD, AutoShade,
Cadvance, Framework, GEM, Generic Cadd, PCAD, VersaCAD, WordPerfect, WordStar, Ventura and Lotus 123 &
Symphony. These come in a compressed form and are extracted by using a utility called "install" located on the
diskette. Several video utilities such as a screen saver and VGA mode switch routine are also included with the drivers.

1

Video modes 8, 9, A, B and C are not supported. Modes 8 & 9 are for PCjr systems and modes A, B and C are used by
systems using an EGA BIOS. Modes are listed in hex.
PAGE 12 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Video drivers for SCO UNIX should be obtained from the respective UNIX distributor. Please see the Appendix for a
complete matrix of driver information.

L. EISA Configuration Utility

An EISA Configuration Utility (ECU) is shipped with the system. The ECU performs the setup and programming of the
system's EISA Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). A section of FLASH memory is used to store the EISA configuration
information. EISA and ISA boards are added and removed with the ECU to complete the specific system configuration. The
configuration is stored into FLASH memory and the system is rebooted. The contents of the EISA NVM and ISA CMOS
memory are used by system BIOS at boot time to configure EISA boards and determine system policies. The goal of the set
up program for this system was that the ECU should not need to be used if there are no EISA boards installed in the system
and default interrupts are used for the onboard resources. Refer to the information contained in the ECU HELP facility for
more information.

M. Western Digital WD16C552 Serial/Parallel Controller

The Pro fessional Workstation uses a WD16C552 to integrate one parallel and two serial ports on the motherboard. Standard
AT-type connectors are available on the back panel of the system. The serial ports include 16-byte FIFOs and are capable of
operation up to 56K Baud. Either serial port can be programmed as COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, or disabled. The parallel
port can be configured via the SETUP program as LPT1, LPT2, or disabled, and can be set as bi -directional or output only.

N. Real Time Clock, Battery-Backed CMOS RAM and Battery

The Real Time Clock (RTC) is implemented using a Dallas DS1287 device. The DS1287 is accurate to within 13 minutes/year
and requires no external support (the battery and oscillator are integrated into the device). The component is socketed and
can be replaced if the internal battery loses its charge (the internal battery has an estimated lifetime of ten years).

The RTC can be set via the BIOS SETUP Program. CMOS memory supports the standard 64-byte battery -backed RAM,
fourteen bytes for clock and control registers, fifty bytes of general purpose non-volatile CMOS RAM. All CMOS RAM is
reserved for BIOS use. The CMOS RAM can be set to specific values or cleared to the system default values using the BIOS
SETUP program. Also, the CMOS RAM values can be cleared to the system defaults by using a hardware jumper.

O. Speaker

The on-board speaker has been integrated into the power supply to improve manufacturability and reduce unnecessary
cabling. The speaker may be enabled or disabled using the BIOS SETUP program and may also be programmed using I/O
port 61H. The speaker provides error code information during POST if the system cannot use the video interface (see the
appendix for beep code information).

Intel Corporation PAGE 13

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

P. System Peripherals

1. Peripheral Bays

The Professional Workstation supports 2 built-in peripheral bays in a single peripheral carrier assembly. The bays
included are:

• 1- Half-Height, 3.5" wide, Internal bay
Mounting hardware supports standard 3.5" hard disk drives form factor.
Connections for either SCSI or IDE.

• 1- Third-Height, 3.5" wide, Externally accessible bay

Connection for custom "docking" 3.5" floppy drive (see Floppy Drive Interface below).

The carrier assembly is easily removed for access and serviceability. A riser card is used to route the control, data and
power signals for the floppy and hard drive from the motherboard to the peripheral carrier. The peripheral riser card
connects to the motherboard via a 132-pin card-edge connector and is attached to the peripheral carrier by two
mounting brackets. Internal SCSI termination resistors are always present on the peripheral riser card.

2. Floppy Drive Interface

An on-board AT compatible floppy interface is provided by an Intel 82077AA-1 Floppy Controller. The Professional
Workstation supports only a single 3.5" 1.44 MByte floppy drive. The drive uses a custom docking connector, allowing
the drive to connect directly to the peripheral riser card. This eliminates the need for power and data cables, improving
reliability, serviceability and EMI characteristics. The floppy drive can be enabled or disabled via the BIOS SETUP
program. An option for increased security disables writes to the floppy drive via a jumper on the motherboard.

3. Mass Storage Devices

The Professional Workstation supports one internal 3.5" half height mass storage device using either the SCSI-2 or
standard 40-pin IDE interface. Cable length is reduced to a minimum by using a peripheral riser card to route the control
and power signals up to the drive bay. This improves the serviceability and reduces EMI emissions. The hard disk
drive can be enabled or disabled via the BIOS SETUP program. Selection between the SCSI or IDE interface is also done
via SETUP.

Q. Front Panel

The front panel includes the reset and power-on/off switches for easy access. Hard Disk active, floppy active, and power -on
LED indicators are also provided. All the LED indicators are green.

R. System Chassis

The Professional Workstation is housed in a low profile chassis. The enclosure consists of a sheet metal base, sheet metal
top cover, and drop-in peripheral carrier. There are four color keyed plastic pieces: the front bezel and top/side cover snap
onto the metal top cover, the back panel and bottom snap onto the sheet metal base. Access to the inside of the system is
obtained by removing one screw and lifting off the top cover .

S. Security

1. Physical Security

A standard hasp style lock (not provided by Intel) can be used to retain the top cover. This prevents undesired access
to the internal compartment of the Professional Workstation where the CMOS Password Clear jumper is located. In
addition, it prevents someone from removing or modifying add-in cards or peripherals. The hasp lock can also be used
to cable the Professional Workstation to a fixed object, preventing theft of the system.

PAGE 14 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

2. Network Security

The Professional Workstation was designed with several features to make it an especially secure system in a network
environment. A CMOS-based password during Power-on/Reset can be enabled. If the password jumper is set to
"keep" and a valid password has been entered from the BIOS SETUP program, the system will prompt for a password
every time the system is rebooted. The system will prompt for a password until the password is cleared at power-up or
the password jumper is moved to "clear". The password can be cleared or changed when the system prompts for the
password by following the steps below:

1) To remove a password at the "Enter password:" prompt type the current password followed by a forward slash
character. Example, "Enter password: current_password/<cr>", will remove the current password.

2) To change a password at the "Enter password:" prompt, type current password, forward slash, new password,
forward slash, new password, carriage return. Example, "Enter Password:
current_password/new_password/new_password<cr>".

Other security features include a jumper to disable access to the BIOS SETUP program to prevent unauthorized
modifications, and a jumper to disable the floppy write capability to prevent downloading of proprietary software or
confidential data.

T. Power Supply

The Professional Workstation uses a custom power supply with auto-ranging AC input and an approximate total power
output of 142 watts. The power supply is a totally self-contained module that connects directly to the motherboard via a
custom connector, eliminating all power cables in the system. In addition to the normal power supply circuitry, the module
also houses the on/off and reset switches, front panel LED's, the speaker, external AC receptacles, and thermostatically
controlled cooling fans. All minimum load requirements for the power supply are met by the minimum configuration
motherboard.

A female auxiliary AC power outlet is provided at the rear of the system so that, with the right adapter, the system monitor
can be plugged into the Professional Workstation. This simplifies the power-on sequence by turning the monitor on or off
with the base system. The voltage output from the auxiliary power connector corresponds to the system's input AC voltage.

III. PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION DIFFERENTIATORS

The following list high-lights a few of the Professional Workstation's differentiators. For a more complete description of
differentiators and potential applications, refer to the Professional Workstation Marketing Position Paper.

• Highly integrated motherboard for high performance and reliability.

• CPU scalability for accelerated time-to-market.

• Built-in Ethernet for ease of network integration.

• Built-in SCSI-2 for peripheral expandability.

• On-board high resolution/high speed graphics to support graphical user interfaces.

• More flexible system configuration due to enhanced, yet simplified, BIOS SETUP program.

• Easier system integration and serviceability due to new peripheral mounting hardware and improved chassis

design.

• Added features including VESA compatible feature connector, bi-directional parallel

port, network and keyboard passwords, PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports, chassis case lock, on-board
speaker, up to 32MB of 80 nsec on-board RAM and higher resolution video modes (1024x768).

• European local language kits.

• Industry leading technical service provided by IntelTechDirect and NSD.

Intel Corporation PAGE 15

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

IV. PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION PRELIMINARY BENCHMARKS

Preliminary benchmark results comparing the Professional Workstation to other 486 33MHz machines indicate the system is
very competitive and delivers an unmatched price/performance ratio. Graphics in particular is a clear standout.

To achieve top performance, one of the components on the board, an ASIC device, requires a stepping revision. This
change has been made in systems that have a PBA number 515338-004 or greater A more complete benchmark report will be
available in late Q2 92.

PAGE 16 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

PC MAG
Benchmarks
Ver. 5.6

Zeos 486/33 w/ Mylex SCSI 1.12 1.81
Wedge 486/33 1.17 1.87 0.16 62.35 3.87 15.13 2.03 0.22 1.1 EISA
Twinhead Superset

600/433
Tri-Star Flash Cache 486 1.08

Tangent Model 433e
w/Mylex SCSI
Tangent 433i 1.12 1.87 0.20 53.78 3.92 16.29 0.88 0.17 0.71 EISA

Tandon 486/33 w/ Mylex
SCSI
Syst. Integration Assoc SIA
486/33
SAI-486/33 w/WD1007 1.11 1.81 0.22 55.30 5.05 15.71 2.69 0.22 1.32 ISA

SAI 486/33 w/Adaptec
1742B
Proteus 486/33 1.1 1.81 0.17 34.64 3.18 1.12 1.1 0.17 0.88 EISA

PC Pros/Touche 5550T/486
33
PC Pros/Touche 486-33
Model 5550
PC Brand 486/33 1.09 1.87 0.19 54.31 3.84 15.51 0.99 0.27 0.88 ISA

Northgate Elegance 486/33 1.09 1.82 0.25 53.60 4.07 15.54 0.93 0.16 0.83 ISA
National Micro Systems

Flash 486-33
Micro Express ME 486/33 1.12 1.86 0.22 52.92 4.53 13.97 0.88 0.17 0.77 ISA

Intel Model 403E w/64K
cache

Intel Professional
Workstation
w 105 SCSI

IBM Model 95 w/o cache 1.11 1.81 0.17 39.38 4.5 30.32 1.21 0.28 1.04 MCA
IBM Model 95 w/ 256k

cache
Fortron NetSet 486/33 1.09 1.81 0.17 53.74 3.09 14.38 2.03 0.27 1.1 EISA

Eltech Model 486-33 1.08 1.82
Dynamic Decisions Dynex

486
Compaq SystemPro
486/33E
Compaq 486/33L 1.13 1.82 0.16 45.47 3.61 16.24 0.87 0.16 0.82 EISA

Bus 486/33 1.13 1.81 0.16 32.69 3.92 1.14 0.93
ACMA 486/33 Eng

Workstation

80486

Instr.

Mix

1.12 1.87 0.19 55.20 5.26 15.98 2.31 0.55 1.48 EISA

1.09 1.76 0.17 1.99 0.36 1.12 0.94 0.16 0.71 EISA

1.14 1.81 0.16 2.01

1.08 1.82

1.15 1.87 0.19 32.35 4.04

1.13 1.82 0.16 33.66 2.64 1.12 1.1 0.16 0.82 EISA

1.08 1.81 0.17 51.10 3.75 15.76 1.59 0.22 1.04 ISA

1.21 1.81 0.22 33.48 2.72 1.05 0.98

1.1 1.81 0.16 47.35 2.21 15.6 2.26 0.22 1.16 EISA

1.1 1.82 0.16 42.02 4.84 21.14 *0.55 *0.11 *0.66

1.18 1.82 0.16 55.52 4.75 16.09 1.16 0.22 0.82 MCA

1.08 1.76 0.17 55.87 5.15 15.98 2.80 0.28 1.43 ISA

1.11 1.81 0.22 37.80 3.81 15.29 0.94 0.27 0.99 EISA

1.08 1.81

Float.-

Point w/o

Math

*1.75

Conv.

Memory

*0.14 *1.97

0.25 53.62 4.09 15.65 0.94 0.17 1.21 EISA

*0.14

*0.14

*0.14

DOS File

Access

(Sm Rec)

51.48 3.69 16.46 3.46 0.33 1.49 ISA

62.79 5.51 17.13 1.32 0.22 1.04 ISA

61.64 6.43 17.78 1.60 0.22 1.10 ISA

DOS File

Access

(Lg Rec)

0.37 1.13 0.94 0.16 0.77 EISA

*0.35

BIOS

Disk

Seek

1.11 1.1 1.04 1.81 EISA

*1.01

Direct

to

Screen

0.76

Video

BIOS

w/o

Scroll

Video

BIOS w

Scroll

*0.11 *.66

*0.11

*0.11

0.77 EISA

0.83 EISA

Bus

Type

EISA

EISA

* - Best in catagory.

Intel Corporation PAGE 17

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

V. APPENDICES
A. Product Codes and Standard System Configurations

Market Order
Code (MOC)

LP486DX250E4F 50MHz i486DX2 System, 4 MB memory, floppy

LP486DX33E4F 33 MHz i486DX System, 4 MB memory, floppy

LP486SX25E4F 25 MHz i486SX System, 4 MB memory, floppy

LP486SX20E4F 20 MHz i486SX System, 4 MB memory, floppy

LPUNIXKIT UNIX Kit (LAN, SCSI, Video drivers for SCO V3.2)
LPNOVLKIT Novell Server Kit (Netware 286/3 86 LAN drivers)
LPSWSUPTSKIT OEM S/W kit: PUNIXKIT, PNOVLSKIT, system S/W

Description

B. Professional Workstation Literature

Product Guide: 512828-001
Fact Sheet: 281376-001
Marketing Position Paper
Benchmark Report
Video Tape

C. User Installable Components

OverDrive Processor Socket: Intel i487SX Coprocessor or OverDrive Processors
External Cache Socket: Intel i485 TurboCache (64 or 128 KByte)
SIMM Memory:
256K x 36 (Single-sided, 1 MByte/SIMM): Toshiba THM362500ASG -80
512K x 36 (Double-sided, 2 MByte/SIMM): Toshiba THM365120ASG -80
Texas Instruments TM512LBK36B-80
NEC MC -42512A36F-80

1M x 36 (Single-sided, 4 MByte/SIMM): Toshiba THM361020SG -80
2M x 36 (Double-sided, 8 MByte/SIMM): Toshiba THM362020SG -80

Video Memory: 256Kx4, 60 ns, DIP Toshiba TC514256BP-60
Matsushita MN41C4256AS -06

PAGE 18 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

D. Software Driver Matrix

Base S/W Kit LPUNIXKIT LPSWSUPTKIT LPNOVLSKIT OS/2 V1.3

Operating
System

DOS/Windows
Video

SCSI

LAN

OS/2
Video

SCSI

LAN

SCO UNIX V.3.2 R2
& ODT V1.1
Video Support via
ODT from SCO.
SCSI

LAN

Novell Server
SCSI

LAN

SYTOS for DOS
SCSI

* - OS/2 System developers kit is also required to integrate SCSI driver support into Microsoft OS/2 V1.3.

Rel. 3.1 - in cludes hi-res
drivers for Win3.0,
GEM, Lotus 1-2-3,
Autocad and other DOS
S/W.
BIOS - supports basic
DOS functions.
SDMS Ver 1.6 - supports
DOS 5.0, Win 3.0,
extended memory
managers, multiple SCSI
hosts, SCSI CD-ROMs,
etc.
NDIS driver - supports
Microsoft compatible
networks: Lanman,
Banyan client, etc. Novel
IPX driver support.

High Res' Drivers for

SCSI Drivers for OS/2

NDIS driver for OS/2

Boot Diskette

LLI Streams driver,

Netware 386

Netware 386

SCSI tape driver SCSI tape driver

Rel. 3.1 - includes hi-res

drivers for Win3.0,
GEM, Lotus 1-2-3,
Autocad and other DOS
S/W.

BIOS - supports basic

DOS functions.
SDMS Ver 1.6 - supports
DOS 5.0, Win3.0,
extended memory
managers, multiple SCSI
hosts, SCSI CD-ROMs,
etc.

NDIS driver - supports

Microsoft compatible
networks: Lanman,
Banyan client, etc. Novel
IPX driver support.

OS/2 1.21

1.21 & 1.3* (Non-Laddr
only)

1.21 & 1.3

Boot Diskette supplied
supplied for R2.
SDMS Ver 1.6 drivers

SCO TCP/IP
compatible.

for R2.

SDMS Ver 1.6 drivers

LLI Streams driver, SCO

TCP/IP compatible.

Standard VGA

SDMS Ver 1.6 -

NDIS driver -

driver

IPX/ODI driver

drivers supplied
for V1.3.

support for OS/2
v1.3 (non­LADDR driver)

support for OS/2
v 1.3.

Intel Corporation PAGE 19

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

E. Supported Peripherals

The following devices have been qualified by Intel as being compatible with the Professional Workstation product line:

IDE: Quantum LPS 105AT (Quantum LPS120AT is under qualification)
SCSI: Quantum 105S
Maxtor LXT437S (Maxtor LXT535S is under qualification)

The following SCSI devices have been certifed by NCR as being compatible with the NCR 53C700 SCSI controller:

Disk Drives: Brand Technology BT9170
Conner Peripherals CP3180
CP3100
CP3200F
Fujitsu M2263SA
M2249SA
Hitachi DK515C-78
Maxtor LXT340
LXT437S
Quantum LP52S
LP105S
LPS10x
LPS425S
P40S
P80S
Q280
120S
170S
210S
425S
Rodime RO3057S
Seagate ST225N
ST296N
ST157
ST138
ST1096N
ST1239N
ST2383N
ST4767N
Toshiba MK234FB-I

Removabl Media Drives:
Tandon DataPac

CD ROM Drives: Hitachi CDR3650
NEC BFU35
Sony 1140
CDU541
Toshiba XM3201B

Tape Drives: Archive 2150S
4420T DAT
Cipher ST1505
Exabyte 8mm tape

PAGE 20 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

JVC DAT XM5442A
Sankyo Cp525
Wangdat DAT 1300

1. Physical Dimensions

System Dimensions US Measurements Metric

Height 3.0 inches 7.62 cm
Width 15.5 inches 39.37 cm
Depth 15.25 inches 38.74 cm
Weight (w/o peripherals) 20 lbs. 11.36 kg

2. Power Supply Current Ratings

Voltage Maximum

Continuous

Current

+5 Volts 20.0 Amps -

-5 Volts 0.4 Amps -

+12 Volts 3.0 Amps 4.5 Amps

-12 Volts 0.4 Amps -

Peak Surge

for 15 seconds

3. System Current Usage

The table below lists the current required by the different subsystems and the maximum system current requirements.

System Power Usage +5 Volts Current

Usage

Baseboard 5.7 A (max)

2.6 A (typical)
Keyboard 0.5 Amps (max)
Mouse 0.01 Amps (max)
i487SX Coprocessor 0.8 Amps (max)
i485 TurboCache Controller 1.2 Amps (max)
SIMMs (4 modules) 2.0 Amps (max)

3.5" 1.44Meg TEAC Floppy 0.7 Amps (max)
Hard disk drive 0.75 Amps (max) 2.1 Amps Peak 0.80

2 EISA Expansion Slots 6 Amps (max) .3 Amps (max) 2 Amps (max) .3 Amps (max)

Maximum System Current Usage 17.65 Amps (max) .3 Amps 2.1 Amps Peak 3.31

-5 Volts Current
Usage

0.5 A (max) 0.02 Amps (max)

+12 Volts Current

Usage

Amps (max)

Amps Max.

-12 Volts Current
Usage

0.32 Amps

Intel Corporation PAGE 21

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

4. Regulatory Standards

The Professional Workstation will meetsor exceed the following regulatory requirements:

Ergonomics:
Europe IEC 380

Safety:
U.S. UL 1950
Canada CSA C22.2 No. 950-M89
Europe TUV EN 60950
ZH1/618
IEC 950
NEMKO EMKO-TUE(74-SEC) 203 T/90
Australia AS3260-1988

EMI/RFI:
U.S. FCC Class B CFR 47 Part 15, Subpart B
Canada DOC CRC c.1374 Class B
Europe VDE 0871/6.78 Class B
Vfg 1046/1984 Limit B
CISPR 22/85 Class B
Japan VCCI Class 2 ITE

F. Environmental Specifications

Environmental
Parameter

Temperature
Non-Operating -40oC to +70oC
Operating +10oC to +40oC
Humidity
Non-Operating 95% Relative Humidity max. @ 40oC
Operating, no hard disk 85% RH max.
Operating, w hard disk Not to exceed 26oC wet bulb
Altitude
Non-Operating 50,000 feet (15,240 meters)
Operating 10,000 feet (3048 meters)
ESD

1.0kV No Errors

2.5kV No Errors

5.0kV 5% Soft Errors, 0% Hard Errors, No physical damage

7.5kV 10% Soft Errors, 0% Hard Errors, No physical damage

10.0kV 25% Soft Errors, 5% Hard Errors, No physical damage

12.5kV 50% Soft, 10% Hard, No physical damage

15.0kV 100% Soft, 25% Hard, No physical damage

25.0kV 100% Soft, 100% Hard, No physical damage
Shock
Non-Operating 30.0G, 11ms, 1/2 sine
Acoustical Noi se
Operator's Position Less than 40 dB max.
1 meter, peripherals idle Less than 35 dB max.

Condition Specification

G. Baseboard Jumpers

PAGE 22 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Name Options Location Remove Add

Floppy Write Protect Enable Write Protect J3 4-6 2-4
*Allow Write to Floppy 2-4 4-6

SCSI Termination Power Inactive J5 3-5 1-3
*Active 1-3 3-5
FLASH Write-Protect *Allow Write to Flash J5 4-6 2-4
Write-Protect 2-4 4-6
Slot 1 EISA/ISA ISA Compatible Decode J5 12-14 10-12
*EISA Compatible Decode 10-12 12-14
Video Memory Size *512 Kbyte Installed J19 3-5 1-3
1 Mbyte Installed 1-3 3-5
Video Enable *Enable On-bd Video J19 4-6 2-4
Disable On-bd Video 2-4 4-6
SETUP Access *Enable Access to SETUP J21 3-5 1-3
Disable Access to SETUP 1-3 3-5
Password Clear Password J21 4-6 2-4
*Keep Password 2-4 4-6
CMOS Set CMOS memory to

default parameters

*Keep Current CMOS

memory parameters
FLASH EEPROM Operation *Normal Mode J21 12-14 10-12
Recovery Mode 10-12 12-14

J21 11-13 9-11

9-11 11-13

* Factory default configuration.

Primary CPU OverDrive CPU Jumper Block Jumper Positions

i486SX/20 J10 3-5 , 4-6, 11-13, 12-14
OverDrive-40 J10 3-5 , 4-6, 11-13, 12-14
OverDrive-50 J10 3-5, 4-6, 11-13, 10-12
OverDrive-66 J10 3-5 , 4-6, 9-11, 12-14

i486SX/25 J10 3-5, 4-6, 11-13, 10-12
OverDrive-50 J10 3-5, 4-6, 11-13, 10-12
OverDrive-66 J10 3-5 , 4-6, 9-11, 12-14

i486DX/33 J10 1-3, 2-4, 9-11, 12-14
OverDrive-50 J10 1-3, 2-4, 11-13, 10-12
OverDrive-66 J10 1-3, 2-4, 9-11, 12-14

i486DX2/50 J10 1-3, 2-4, 11-13, 10-12

OverDrive-66 J10 1-3, 2-4, 9-11, 12-14

i486DX2/66 J10 1-3, 2-4, 9-11, 12-14

A diagram of the jumper locations and functions is included on the inside of the chassis top cover.

Note: No jumper changes are required for the addi tion of a i487SX numeric co-porcessor.

Intel Corporation PAGE 23

H. Baseboard Connectors

J2 - Power Connector

Type: Single Row Header Style (Male)
Pinout: 1 RAWST
2 +5
3 +12
4 -12
5 GND
6 GND
7 GND
8 GND
9 -5
10 +5
11 +5
12 +5
13 +5
14 +5
15 GND
16 GND
17 -12
18 HD Active
19 Front Panel Reset
20 Speaker Data

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

J4 - Dual Serial Port Connector

Type: Stacked Dual 9-Pin D-sub (Male)
Pinout: PC AT standard

J6A - Parallel Port

Type: 25-pin Centronics type (Female)
Pinout: PC AT standard

J6B - External SCSI Port Connector

Type: Fine pitch, 50 pin SCSI-2 (Female)
Pinout: 1 GND 26 Data 0
2 GND 27 Data 1
3 GND 28 Data 2
4 GND 29 Data 3
5 GND 30 Data 4
6 GND 31 Data 5
7 GND 33 Data 6
8 GND 34 Data 7
9 GND 35 Data Parity
10 GND 35 GND
11 GND 36 GND
12 GND 37 GND
13 N/C 38 Terminator Power
14 GND 39 GND
15 GND 40 GND
16 GND 41 SCSI Attn
17 GND 42 GND
18 GND 43 SCSI Busy

PAGE 24 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

29 GND 44 SCSI Ack
20 GND 45 SCSI Rst
21 GND 46 SCSI Msg
22 GND 47 SCSI Sel
23 GND 48 SCSI CD
24 GND 49 SCSI Req
25 GND 50 SCSI IO

J8 - PS/2 Mouse Connector

Type: PS/2 (Female)
Pinout: 1 Data
2 N/C
3 GND
4 +5
5 Clock
6 N/C
7 GND
8 GND
9 GND

Intel Corporation PAGE 25

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

J15 - PS/2 Keyboard Connector

Type: PS/2 (Female)
Pinout: 1 Data
2 N/C
3 GND
4 +5
5 Clock
6 N/C
7 GND
8 GND
9 GND

J16 - VGA Video Connector

Type: 15-pin minature D-sub (Female)

GND N/C Blue Green Red

GND N/C GND GND GND

N/C Vert. Sync. Horiz. Sync. N/C N/C

J17 - Twisted Pair Ethernet Connector

Type: RJ-45 (Female)
Pinout: 1 TX+
2 TX­ 3 RCV+
4 N/C
5 N/C
6 RCV ­ 7 N/C
8 N/C

J18 - AUI Ethernet Connector

Type: 15-pin D-sub (Female)

GND N/C GND DI-A GND DO-A CI-A GND

N/C GND VFAUI DI-B GND DO-B CI-B

J20 - VESA Video Pass-thru Connector

Type: 3M style, double row header, 26 pin (Male)

Data 0 Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data 4 Data 5 Data 6 Data 7 DOTC BLANK VBHSR VBVSR GND
GND GND GND DEN SYNCEN DOTCEN N/C GND GND GND GND N/C N/C

PAGE 26 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

I. Default CMOS Parameters

When the clear CMOS jumper is used, the following settings are loaded into CMOS memory:

BIOS SETUP Field Default Setting Comments

Page 1 Settings
System Time NA Not affected by the Clear CMOS jumper.
System Date NA Not affected by the Clear CMOS jumper.
Onboard Floppy Enabled
Diskette 3.5", 1.44 MB
Onboard IDE Disabled
Hard Drive Not Installed
User Definable Drives 48 and 49
Onboard SCSI Enabled
Onboard LAN Disabled
LAN Media Type Twisted Pair

Intel Corporation PAGE 27

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

BIOS SETUP Field Default Setting Comments

Page 2 Settings
Video Card VGA/EGA
800x600 Mode Refresh Rate 56 Hz
1024x768 Mode Refresh Rate Interlaced @ 44/88 Hz
Onboard Video Controller Primary
Keyboard Not Installed
Numlock On At Boot No
Password Not Installed
Page 3 Settings
Base Memory Above 512K Enabled
Base Memory 640 KByte Not user definable, size detected by BIOS
Extended Memory ? (depends on amount of

installed memory)
Speaker Enabled
Onboard Mouse Enabled
Parallel Port Base Addr 0378H: Compatible
Serial Port 1 Enabled
Serial Port 2 Enabled
Console Redirection -
Serial Port 1
Console Redirection ­Serial Port 2
Page 4 Settings
CPU Speed Fast
Cache Disabled
Cache Block Disable Disabled
I/O Bus Performance Standard ENHANCED Mode will enable Fast cycle

On-bd Video BIOS mapping To E0000H Alternate is to C0000 AND E0000
Shadow C0000H to C3FFFH Disabled
Shadow C4000H to C7FFFH Disabled
Shadow C8000H to CBFFFH Disabled
Shadow CC000H to CFFFFH Disabled
Shadow D0000H to D3FFFH Disabled
Shadow D4000H to D7FFFH Disabled
Shadow D8000H to DBFFFH Disabled
Shadow DC000H to DFFFFH Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

Not user definable, size detected by BIOS

video and reduce the EISA bus refresh rate

Note: When off-board BIOS is shadowed, it is copied into read only RAM.

PAGE 28 OPD Technical Marketing

J. Video Modes

Mode# Resolution Colors Font Clock Vertical

21/54H 132col x 43rows 16 9x9 44.9MHz
41H 80col x 34rows 16 9x9 44.9HHz
47H 132col x 28rows 16 8x16 44.9MHz
55H 132col x 25rows 16 8x16 44.9MHz
56H 132col x 43rows 4 (mono) 9x9 44.9MHz
57H 132col x 25rows 4 (mono) 8x16 44.9MHz
58/6AH 800 x 600 16 8x8 36MHz

5AH 1024 x 768 2 8x16 44.9MHz

5CH 800 x 600 256 8x8 36Mhz

5DH 1024 x 768 16 8x16 44.9MHz

5EH 640 x 400 256 8x16 25MHz
5FH 640 x 480 256 8x16 25MHz
60H 1024x768 256 8x16 44.9MHz

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

40MHz
50MHz

65MHz
75MHz
80MHz

40MHz
50MHz

65MHz
75MHz
80MHz

65 MHz
75MHz
80MHz

Refresh

56Hz
60Hz
72Hz
Interlaced
Non-interlaced @ 60Hz
Non-interlaced @ 70Hz
Non-interlaced @ 72Hz
56Hz
60Hz
72Hz
Interlaced
Non-interlaced @ 60Hz
Non-interlaced @ 70Hz
Non-interlaced @ 72Hz

Interlaced
Non-interlaced @ 60Hz
Non-interlaced @ 70Hz
Non-interlaced @ 72Hz

1. System Resources

2. SIMM Configuration Guide (note 1)

J14 J13 J12 J11 Memory Size Comments

256 K - - - 1 MB
256 K 256k - - 2 MB
256 K 256k 256k 256k 4 MB
512 K - - - 2MB
512 K 512 K - - 4 MB Initial System Configuration
512 K 512 K 512 K 512 K- 8 MB

1 M - - 4 MB Current System Configuration
1 M 1 M - 8 MB
1 M 1 M 1M 1M 16 MB
2 M - 8 MB
2 M 2 M 16 MB
2 M 2 M- 2 M- 2 M- 32 MB
4 M - - 16 MB (Note 2)
4 M 4 M - 32 MB (Note 2)
4 M 4M 4 M- 4 M- 64 MB (Note 2)
8 M - 32 MB (Note 2)

Intel Corporation PAGE 29

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

8 M 8 M 64 MB (Note 2)
8 M 8 M 8 M- 8 M- 128 MB (Note 2) Maximum System Capacity

Table: DRAM SIMM Configuration

Notes:

1) 36-bit SIMM modules required.

2) 4 M x 36 and 8 M x 36 SIMMs are not yet available, the Professional Workstation is design to accept these when they
become available.

3. System Memory Map

Memory Offset of

Starting Address

4G -128K FFFE-0000 -> FFFF-FFFF 128K Sytem BIOS Alias area

128M 0800-0000 -> FFFD-FFFF ~3968M EISA Expansion Area

1M 0010-0000 -> 07FF-FFFF 127M Extended Memory / EISA Expansion Area
960K 000F-0000 -> 000F-FFFF 64K System BIOS Operating Area
944K 000E-C000 -> 000E-FFFF 16K System BIOS Recovery Area *
936K 000E-A000 -> 000E-BFFF 8K OE M Flash Area *
928K 000E-8000 -> 000E-9FFF 8K EISA Configuration Data Area ***
896K 000E-0000 -> 000E-7FFF 32K Video BIOS Area *
820K 000C-D000 -> 000D-FFFF 76K Unused (Note only the upper 64KBytes of this area

800K 000C-8000 -> 000C-CFFF 20K On-bd SCSI BIOS (Unused if SCSI disabled)**
768K 000C-0000 -> 000C-7FFF 32K Unused (Video ROM BIOS Alias area if enabled)
640K 000A-0000 -> 000B-FFFF 128K Video Display RAM
639K 0009-FC00 -> 0009-FFFF 1K Extended BIOS data segment(usually relocated by

512K 0008-0000 -> 0009-FBFF 127K Base Memory (Unused if disabled, available for

0K 0000-0000 -> 0007-FFFF 512 Base Memory

Notes:

• Above 512 Kbyte Baseboard memory, Video BIOS aliasing, and SCSI can be enabled/disabled via SETUP.

• The option of re -mapping the video BIOS to 0C-0000H is provided for applications that require the video BIOS at that

location. If you are not sure if that your application requires the video BIOS to be located at 0C-0000H (most do not) then do
not enable this option in SETUP. Not enabling video mapping to 0C-0000H saves 32K of memory. In any case, the on-board
video BIOS will always be located at 0E-0000H.

• Not all video modes are normally used at the same time. Some memory may be saved by defining which video modes

are to be used. Typically 0B-0000 to 0B-7FFFH is only used when a monochrome monitor is attached to the sytem, while
both the text and graphics VGA modes are often used when a VGA monitor is attached.

• The BIOS SETUP program provides for shadowing off-board ROM BIOS into onbard RAM on 16K boundaries. This

is available in memory located between 0C-0000H and 0D-FFFFH.

HEX Address Range Size Usage or Function

is available for expansion card memory if SCSI BIOS
is installed see note below)

EMM386 or other memory managers)

expansion card memory)

* Under certain circumstances these areas of memory may be included into the memory pool used by a memory manager
i.e EMM386

PAGE 30 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

** The memory consumed by the SCSI BIOS is only 20K bytes long but the system will shadow a 32KByte range of
memory due to the granularity of the hardware shadowing system.. With the SCSI BIOS installed the area from 0CD000 to
0CFFFF cannot be used for add-in boards but can be used by a memory manager i.e EMM386. The memory manager will
include this area by default.

*** Inclusion of this area into the memory pool of a memory manager like EMM386 may cause malfunction in the use of
both onboard networking and SCSI devices and off board EISA add-in boards.

Intel Corporation PAGE 31

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

4. System I/O Address Map

I/O Address (Hex) Function I/O Device

0CC0-0CFF SCSI control registers NCR 53C700
0CB8-0CBF Reserved
0CB0-0CB7 LAN control registers 82596CA
0C80-0C83 System board ID bytes (read only)
0C26-0C27 CLASIC registers (optional location, see 0026-0027) CLASIC
0C03 CLASIC control port C CLASIC
0C02 CLASIC control port B CLASIC
04F4-04FF
04E0-04EF
04D4-04D7 DMA controller 2 extended registers 82357
04D0-04D1 Interrupt edge/level control 82357
04C2-04CF DMA controller 2 extended registers 82357
0480-048F DMA high page register 82357
0464-0465 Last Bus Master granted (read only) 82357
0462 Software NMI register (write only) 82357
0461 Extended NMI and Reset control register 82357
0400-040F DMA controller 1 extended registers 82357
03F8-03FF Serial port 1 WD 16C552
03F0-03F7 Floppy disk controller 82077AA
03E8-03EF Serial port 3 Exp. Card
03B0-03DF Onboard video controller WD 90C30
0378-037F Parallel port 1 WD 16C552
0370-0377 Secondary Floppy disk controller Exp. card
02F8-02FF Serial port 2 WD 16C552
02F8-02E8 Serial port 4 Exp. card
0278-027F Parallel port 2 Exp. card
01F0-01F7 IDE interface ports IDE drive
00F8-00FF
00F0
00C0-00DF DMA controller 2 82357
00A0-00A1 Interrupt controller 2 82357
0092 CLASIC control port A CLASIC
0080-008F DMA low page register 82357
0078 CLASIC BIOS counter CLASIC
0070-0071 Real-time clock DS 1287
0070 NMI enable register (write only) 82357
0061 NMI status register 82357
0060, 0064 Keyboard/mouse controller 8742
0048-004B Interval timer 2 82357
0040-0043 Interval timer 1 82357
0026-0027 CLASIC indexed registers (relocatable to 0C26-0C27) CLASSIC
0022-0023 DRAM controller registers 82359
0020-0021 Interrupt controller 1 82357
0000-000F DMA controller 1 82357

DMA controller stop registers 82357

Numerics coprocessor i486/i847SX

PAGE 32 OPD Technical Marketing

Classic Control Port B. (0C02H)

Bit # Functional Description

7 Used to Enable the LAN controller

after NMI has disables it.

6 LAN Select: Twisted pair when high.

AUI when low

5 Speaker enable
4 EBC posted write enable
3 Makes slot 1 look like an ISA slot
2 Parallel Port Uni/Bidirectional
1 Indicates video type
0 Fast Video Enable

Classic Control Port C. (0C03H)

Bit # Functional Description

5 Low when LAN fused 12V line is

active
4 Low when LAN +5V is active
3 Low when SCSI terminator power is

active
2 High when no SIMM's installed
1 Video enable jumper
0 Flash recovery jumper

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

Intel Corporation PAGE 33

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

5. System Interrupts

The following table and text identifies how each interrupt on the Professional Workstation is used.

Interrupt

Request

NMI Parity Error

0 Reserved, Interval Timer
1 Reserved, Keyboard buffer full
2 Reserved, Cascade interrupt from slave PIC
3 On-bd Serial Port 2 119
4 On-bd Serial Port 1 118
5 User available 117
6 On-bd Floppy 116
7 On-bd Parallel Port 115
8 RTC

9 Optional SCSI/LAN 98
10 Optional SCSI/LAN (default LAN) 128
11 Optional SCSI/LAN (default SCSI) 129
12 On-bd Mouse Port if enabled, else user available 130
13 Reserved, Math coprocessor
14 IDE Interrupt 132
15 Optional SCSI/LAN 131

Notes:

1) IRQ 9, 10, 11, and 15 can be set via the ECU for user available, on-board LAN, or on-board SCSI.

2) IRQ 0, 1, 2, 8, and 13 cannot be used by an add-in card. In PC-XT compatible systems, IRQ 2 was available for use on the
XT-Bus. In PC-AT compatible systems, IRQ 2 is not available for use on the bus. Some older ISA expansion boards have an
option to use IRQ 2. This should not be selected when such a board is installed in a Professional Workstation syst em.

System Only EISA Bus Pin

K. Predicted Reliability and MTBF Specifications

At the present time, only a calculated Mean Time Between Failures is available. The MTBF for a Professional Workstation
with floppy, Maxtor LXT437S hard drive, and 8 MByte of memory is 20,311 hours @ 40oC. The predicted Mean Time To
Repair is less than thirty minutes.

PAGE 34 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

L. Customer Support

This product is backed by Intel's industry leading support groups including Network Services Division (NSD) and
IntelTechDirect. NSD can help wit h many of your network integration and service needs including providing world wide
network integration and system repair services. IntelTechDirect provides the following 3 major services:

• iPAN (Intel Product Assistance Network)

An electronic Bulletin board with current product information, demo software and more...
Accessible via a 1200 or 2400 BAUD modem. Call iPALS for further information.

• iPUB (Intel Product Update Bulletin)

A monthly publication containing product specific information.

• iPALS (Intel Phone Action Line Support)

A direct telephone support line backed by highly qualified and well trained technical personnel.

For further information about IntelTechDirect please contact your local Intel Sales Representative.

Intel Corporation PAGE 35

TECHNICAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

VI. GLOSSARY

Baseboard: System PBA including BIOS, RAM and jumpers, also known as motherboard
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System
Cache: A small amount of high speed RAM used to store copies of memory locations found in slower system memory.
This is used to improve system performance.
Cache Coherency: A cache memory location is said to be coherent when it contains an exact copy of the data found in the
system memory location that it corresponds to. When the cache is coherent a flag (the cache tag bit) is set.
Cache Tag Bit: A flag used to determine if a cache location contains a valid copy of the system memory location it
corresponds to.
CAD/CAM: Computer Automated Design/Computer Automated Manufacturing
CGA: Color Graphics Adapter, an IBM video standard
CHMOS: Complementary High-Performance Metal Oxide Semi-conductor
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor
CoProcessor: An additional processor that works with the main CPU and extends its instruction set, typically for math
operations, the Intel 80387Sx is a math CoProcessor.
CPU: Central Processing Unit, Typically the 386SX and its support circuitry
CSA: Canadian Standards Association
DAC: Digital to Analog Converter, used to display analog VGA video signal
DCD: Desktop Computer Division, Intel group responsible for the 300SX-20
DRAM: Dynamic RAM
EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter, an IBM video standard
EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference
EPLD: Electrically Programmable Logic Devices
EPROM: Erasable Programmable ROM
FCC: Federal Communications Commission
FPU: Floating Point Unit, typically the 80387SX CoProcessor
IC: Integrated Circuit
IDE: Intergrated Drive Electronics, A hard disk drive interface for AT compatible systems. Intgrates drive and controller
ISA: Industry Standard Architecture, PC-AT interface for add-in cards
LIM EMS: Lotus-Intel-Microsoft Expanded Memory System, paged memory support under 1M
MCGA: Multi -Color Graphics Adapter, an enhanced CGA mode supported by some Hercules adapters
MDA: Monochrome Display Adapter, an IBM video standard (Does not support graphics)
MGA: Monochrome Graphics Adapter, an industry term used for graphic monochrome video subsystems
MOC: Market Order Code, System identification number found in Intel Product Catalog
MTBF: Mean Time Between Failures, a measure of system reliability
Motherboard: System PBA including BIOS, RAM and jumpers
NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt, system parity or I/O channel check error interrupt
NSD: Network Systems Division, Intel's Service organization (used to be called ASD)
OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer
PBA: Printed Board Assembly, tracked by identifying number and revision included on board label
PC-AT: Personal Computer - Advanced Technology
PC-XT: Personal Computer - eXtended Technology
PFP: Plastic Flat Pack, an IC packaging style
PLCC: Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier, an IC packaging style
POR: Power On Reset, caused by either a power -up or front panel reset
POST: Power -On Self-Test
PQFP: Plastic Quad Flat Pack, an IC packaging style
RAM: Random Access Memory
RFI: Radio Frequency Interference
ROM: Read Only Memory
SIMM: Serial In-line Memory Module
Super VGA: 800x600x16 enhancement to VGA, VESA Standard
SRAM: Static RAM
TSR: Terminate and Stay Resident, a DOS application that stays loaded in RAM
UL: Under -writers Laboratories
PAGE 36 OPD Technical Marketing

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

VESA: Video Electronics Standards Association, developed Super VGA standard
VGA: Video Graphics Array, an IBM video standard
VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration

Intel Corporation PAGE 37