Intel ES460MSX - Ethernet 1000Base SX Switch Module, Express 460T User Manual
Intel® Express 460T
Standalone Switch
User Guide
Intel
®
Express 460T Standalone Switch User Guide
Year 2000 Capable
An Intel® product, when used in accordance with its associated documentation, is "Year 2000 Capable" when, upon
installation, it accurately stores, displays, processes, provides, and/or receives date data from, into, and between 1999
and 2000, and the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including leap year calculations, provided that all other
technology used in combination with said product properly exchanges date data with it. Intel makes no representation
about individual components within the product should they be used independently from the product as a whole.
Copyright © 2000, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124-6497
Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this manual. Nor does Intel make any commitment to update the
information contained herein.
* Other product and corporate names may be trademarks of other companies and are used only for explanation and
to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe.
Fourth Edition May 2000 746438-002
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Contents
1.0 Setting up the Intel® Express 460T Switch 1
Management .............................................................................. 1
Switch Features ......................................................................... 2
Module Features ........................................................................ 3
Port LEDs .................................................................................. 4
Status LEDs...............................................................................4
Crossover Button....................................................................... 5
Connection Guidelines .............................................................. 5
Installing a Module.................................................................... 6
Module A LEDs ........................................................................ 7
Configuring Modules ................................................................ 7
Media Requirements ................................................................. 8
Testing a cable........................................................................... 9
Straight-through vs. Crossover Cables...................................... 10
2.0 Using the Intel® Express 460T Switch 11
What is a Switch? ...................................................................... 12
Sample Configurations .............................................................. 13
Flow Control ............................................................................. 14
Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................. 14
Tagged Frames .......................................................................... 15
Priority....................................................................................... 15
Link Aggregation ...................................................................... 16
Virtual LANs............................................................................. 17
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)........................... 21
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) ............................... 22
460T-UG TOC.p65 4/19/00, 10:58 AM1
3.0 Using Intel® Device View 2.1 23
Installing Intel Device View ..................................................... 24
Starting Intel Device View ........................................................ 25
Installing a New Device ............................................................ 26
Using the Device Tree ............................................................... 27
Managing a Switch .................................................................... 29
Viewing RMON information .................................................... 30
i
i
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
4.0 Using the Web Device Manager 31
Accessing the Web Device Manager......................................... 32
Navigating the Web Device Manager ....................................... 33
Using Management Screens ...................................................... 34
Configuring the Switch’s IP Settings ........................................ 35
Configuring a Port ..................................................................... 36
Managing User Accounts .......................................................... 37
Configuring VLANs.................................................................. 39
Link Aggregation ...................................................................... 45
Static MAC Addresses .............................................................. 46
Configuring Community Strings and Trap Receivers............... 47
Monitoring Switch Activity ...................................................... 48
Viewing/Changing Switch Information .................................... 49
Updating Switch Firmware ....................................................... 50
Saving Configuration Changes and Logging Out ..................... 52
5.0 Using Local Management 53
Accessing Management............................................................. 53
Logon Screen............................................................................. 54
Navigation ................................................................................. 55
Main Menu (Top Screen) .......................................................... 56
Configure Device ...................................................................... 57
Configure IP Address ................................................................ 58
Port Configuration..................................................................... 59
Module Port Settings ................................................................. 60
Switch Settings .......................................................................... 61
Configure Advanced Switch Settings ....................................... 62
Configure Spanning Tree Protocol............................................ 63
Configure Spanning Tree for Ports ........................................... 65
Forwarding and Filtering........................................................... 66
Configure IGMP Snooping ....................................................... 67
Configure Static MAC Addresses ............................................. 68
Configure Port Security............................................................. 69
Configure MAC Address Filtering............................................ 70
Configure Ethernet Multicast Filtering ..................................... 71
ii
460T-UG TOC.p65 4/19/00, 10:58 AM2
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Ethernet Multicast Filtering (Ports)........................................... 72
Port Mirroring ........................................................................... 73
Link Aggregation ...................................................................... 74
Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................... 75
Configure Management Menu................................................... 76
Community Strings & Trap Receivers ...................................... 77
User Accounts ........................................................................... 78
How to Manage User Accounts................................................. 79
Update Firmware and Config Files ........................................... 81
Reset and Console Options ....................................................... 82
Configure VLAN Operation Mode ........................................... 83
Port-based VLANs .................................................................... 84
Add a Port-based VLAN ........................................................... 85
Edit/Delete a Port-based VLAN................................................ 86
Change Port Membership in a VLAN ....................................... 87
MAC-based VLANs.................................................................. 88
Add a MAC-based VLAN......................................................... 89
Edit/Delete a MAC-based VLAN ............................................. 90
Edit a MAC-based VLAN ......................................................... 91
Configure 802.1Q VLANs ........................................................ 93
Add an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN (Configure Port Membership) .... 94
Add an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN (Configure Port Tagging)........... 95
Configure PVID for Untagged/Priority Traffic......................... 96
How to configure 802.1Q VLANs ............................................ 97
Edit/Delete 802.1Q VLANs ...................................................... 99
Edit an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ..................................................... 100
Edit an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN (Configure Port Tagging) ........... 101
Configure VLAN ID for Untagged Traffic ............................... 102
GVRP and Ingress Filter Settings ............................................. 103
Monitor (Network Statistics)..................................................... 104
Switch Overview ....................................................................... 105
Port Traffic Statistics................................................................. 106
Port Error Statistics ................................................................... 108
Packet Analysis ......................................................................... 110
IGMP Snooping Status.............................................................. 111
460T-UG TOC.p65 4/19/00, 10:58 AM3
iii
CONTENTS
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Browse Address Table .............................................................. 112
VLAN and GVRP Status........................................................... 114
Tools.......................................................................................... 115
Switch Event Log ...................................................................... 116
Ping a Device............................................................................. 117
Upload Configuration Image File ............................................. 118
Appendix A: Technical Info 119
What is a Configuration File? ................................................... 119
Sample Configuration File ........................................................ 120
BOOT Menu.............................................................................. 122
List of Factory Defaults............................................................. 123
Optional module default settings ....................................... 123
Troubleshooting/FAQs.............................................................. 124
Locating MIB files .................................................................... 125
Regulatory Information ............................................................. 126
Warnings ................................................................................... 126
Limited Hardware Warranty ..................................................... 129
Limited Hardware Warranty (Europe only) .............................. 130
Limitation de garantie du matériel (Europe) ...................... 131
Garanzia limitata sull’hardware (valida solo in Europa) ... 132
Beschränkte Hardwaregarantie (Nur für Europa) .............. 133
Garantía limitada de hardware (sólo para Europa) ............ 134
iv
460T-UG TOC.p65 4/19/00, 10:58 AM4
Index 135
Intel Customer Support Last Page
Setting up the Intel
®
1
Express 460T Switch
Overview
This guide provides information on configuring and managing the Intel
Express 460T Standalone Switch and is organized into these chapters:
• Chapter 1 - Information on the switch hardware and optional modules
• Chapter 2 - Information on using the switch in a LAN and advanced
features like link aggregation and VLANs
• Chapter 3 - How to use Intel Device View
• Chapter 4 - How to use Web Device Manager
• Chapter 5 - Overview of Local Management
Management
Through the switch’s built-in management you can configure the device and
monitor network health. There are several methods for managing this
switch; you can use one method or any combination.
• SNMP management applications like Intel Device View, LANDesk®
Network Manager, or HP OpenView* are tailored for Intel products and
show a graphical representation of the device (with the use of the
proper MIB).
®
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:00 AM1
• Onboard management allows control over the device without using an
SNMP application. The Web Device Manager provides a graphical
interface while Local Management is a menu-driven interface.
• Other SNMP-compliant applications can manage Express 460T
switches if you compile the switch’s MIB files into that application.
1
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Switch Features
These are the major features of the 16- and 24-port versions of the Express
460T Standalone Switches.
16-port 460T Switch (Product Code ES460T16)
Module A
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
MDI/MDI-X
button
LEDs
Module LEDs
PortPort
Status LED
24-port 460T Switch (Product Code ES460T24)
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
MDI/MDI-X
button
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Module LEDs
PortPort
LEDs
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status LED
Module A
Back of 16- and 24-port 460T Switch
AC Input
100-240 VAC
50Hz-60Hz
1.5A max
AC Power
Plug
• Auto-negotiates speed, duplex, and flow control—10Mbps or 100Mbps
009027390008
MAC Address
address
Local Management
EIA 232
Console: 9600-8-N-1
Serial
Port
Module A
Module A slotMAC
per port.
• Half- and full-duplex flow control.
• One expansion slot for the optional 100FX, 1000SX, 1000LX, or 1000T module.
• Port settings can be configured manually through management.
• Access menu-driven Local Management through the serial port or a Telnet session.
• Access the graphic, Web-based, Web Device Manager through a Web browser.
2
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:00 AM2
CHAPTER 1
1000T Module for
Intel
®
Express
460T Switch
Port 1
Express 460T Switch Features and Setup
Module Features
Both the 16- and 24-port versions of the Express 460T Standalone Switches
can accept a module to provide additional functionality.
100Base-FX Fiber Module (Product Code ES460MFX)
Express 460T Setup
Port 1
TX RX
Port 2
TX RX
100FX Module for
®
Express
Intel
460T Switch
Fiber Ports
• Connects to 100Base-FX devices (such as a switch or server) at full- or half-duplex.
• Extends network diameter up to 400m (half-duplex) or 2000m (full-duplex).
1000Base-SX Gigabit Module (Product Code ES460MSX)
1000Base-LX Gigabit Module (Product Code ES460MLX)
Port 1
TX RX
1000SX Module for
Intel® Express
460T Switch
Fiber Port
Port 1
TX RX
1000LX Module for
Intel® Express
460T Switch
• Connects to 1000Base-SX or 1000Base-LX devices at full-duplex.
• SX module extends network diameter 260m to 550m (depending on type of fiber).
• LX module extends network diameter 550m to 5000m (depending on type of fiber).
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:00 AM3
1000Base-T Gigabit Module (Product Code ES460MT)
Ethernet Port
• Connects to devices at 100Mbps at full- or half-duplex or 1000Mbps at full-duplex.
• Extends network diameter up to 100m.
3
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Port LEDs
The LEDs above each port indicate port status, individual port speed, and
port activity.
5678
Left LED
Port Activity
(Green/Orange)
LED Status Meaning
Right LED
Port Speed
(Orange)
Left Solid green
1
Device linked.
Blinking green Receiving activity on that port.
Blinking orange A collision was detected on this segment.
Off No link detected.
Right Solid orange Device connected at 10Mbps.
Off Device connected at 100Mbps.
Status LEDs
The Express 460T switch LED is located above the port LEDs. This LED
indicates the condition of the switch.
Status
LED Status Meaning
Status Orange Switch is performing diagnostics.
Green Diagnostics have passed, the switch is ready.
2
Red
Diagnostics have failed.
4
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM4
_________________________________________________
1
If the left LED is solid green, but there is no activity when you try to ping a device
connected to that port, the port is probably disabled through management. Re-enable the
port and try again.
2
When the switch is first powered on, the Status LED is red for a couple of seconds before
the diagnostic mode starts, then it turns orange.
CHAPTER 1
o
Express 460T Switch Features and Setup
Crossover Button
The Express 460T switch has a button that toggles port 1 from MDI-X to
MDI. With the button depressed (MDI) you can to connect to another
switch or a hub without using a crossover cable. For more information, see
pages 9-10.
Intel® Express 460T Standal
MDI
MDI-X
MDI
1234
MDI-X
Connection Guidelines
General
Express 460T Setup
• The Express 460T switch is capable of auto-negotiating port speed and
can operate at 10Mbps or 100Mbps per port. The switch matches the
highest possible speed of an attached device.
• The Express 460T switch is capable of auto-negotiating port duplex and
can operate at half- or full-duplex.
Cabling
• Use Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (CAT 5 UTP) cable when
connecting 100Mbps devices to the switch.
• Use Category 3, 4, or 5 unshielded twisted-pair (CAT 3, 4, or 5 UTP)
cable when connecting 10Mbps devices to the switch.
• Limit the cable length between devices to 100 meters (330 feet).
• Use a straight-through cable to connect the switch to a server or
workstation. For more information on cabling, see pages 9 and 10.
• To connect to another switch or hub use a crossover cable, or set port 1
to MDI and use a straight-through cable.
5
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM5
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Installing a Module
You can install optional modules only in the Module A slot located at the
back of the Express 460T switch. Use the LEDs on the front of the switch to
check the module’s status.
Install the module in the switch
1 Unplug the power cord from the switch. Remove the panel from the
expansion slot labeled Module A.
2 Align the module with the card guides inside the switch and slide the
module into the slot. Press firmly to connect the module and secure it
with the retaining screws.
3 Plug in the power cord.
6
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM6
100FX Module
1000SX Module or
1000LX Module
Module A slot
1000T Module
CHAPTER 1
Express 460T Switch Features and Setup
Module A LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front of the switch over ports 9-16. These
LEDs provide information about the 100FX, 1000SX, or 1000LX module
such as the module’s status, link, port activity, and collisions.
Express 460T Setup
Module A
Status
8
9 1011121314151
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
LED Status Meaning
Status On (green) Module is present and functioning.
Off No module present.
Link\Act\Coll Solid green Device linked.
Blinking green Receiving activity on that port.
Blinking orange A collision was detected on this segment.
Off No link detected.
When you are using the 1000SX, 1000LX, or 1000T module, only the port 1
LED will blink and show activity since the module has only one port.
Configuring Modules
Normally, you will not need to make any changes to the optional modules
because they are designed to configure themselves automatically for the
attached device. However, you might need to configure the modules in order
to communicate with older devices. You can use the Local Management or
Web Device Manager to configure the 100FX, 1000SX, 1000LX, or 1000T
modules.
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM7
7
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Media Requirements
Incorrect cabling is often the cause of network performance problems. Read
the next two pages to make sure your cabling is correct.
100Base-TX
The 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet specification requires that you use CAT 5
UTP cabling to operate at 100Mbps. If you use lower grade cabling (CAT 3
or CAT 4), you may get a connection, but also experience data loss or slow
performance. You’re limited to 100 meters between any two devices.
10Base-T
The 10Base-T Ethernet specification allows you to use CAT 3, CAT 4, or
CAT 5 UTP cabling. The limit is 100 meters between any two devices.
NOTE:
100 meters = 330 feet
200 meters = 660 feet
500 meters = 1,650 feet
2 km = 2000 meters = 6,600 feet
5 km = 5000 meters = 16,500 feet
100Base-FX
The optional Fiber Module lets you connect to a switch up to 400 meters
(hubs up to 160m) away at half-duplex or up to 2 km at full-duplex. Use
62.5/125µm multimode fiber optic cable with an SC-type fiber optic
connector.
1000Base-T
The 1000Base-T Gigabit specification requires that you use CAT 5 UTP
cabling to operate at 1000Mbps. If you use a lower grade cabling you will
experience either no connection or extreme data loss. The maximum
distance between any two devices is 100 meters.
1000Base-SX/1000Base-LX
The optional 1000Base-SX and -LX Gigabit Modules provide a high-speed
connection to another device up to 5 km away. The maximum distance
depends on the type of cable used. Refer to the following table for a list of
cable types and maximum distances. Use cables with an SC-type fiber optic
connector.
8
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM8
CHAPTER 1
Express 460T Switch Features and Setup
Selecting the right cable
Media Type Cabling Used Maximum distance
Express 460T Setup
100Base-FX Module 62.5/125
(full duplex)
100Base-FX Module 62.5/125
(half-duplex) a router, switch, or PC)
1000Base-T\100Base-TX Category 5 (CAT 5) unshielded 100m
(Gigabit) Module twisted pair cable
1000Base-SX 50/125 µm multimode 550m
(Gigabit) Module 62.5/125 µm multimode 260m
1000Base-LX 50/125 µm multimode 550m
(Gigabit) Module 62.5/125 µm multimode 550m
9/125 µm singlemode 5,000m
µm multimode 2,000m
µm multimode (160m to a hub, 400m to
Testing a cable
When using a 100Base-TX module, you can quickly check the cable’s link
integrity by plugging one end into port 1 and the other end into port 2. Make
sure the MDI/MDI-X button is out. Check the Activity LEDs for ports 1 and
2. If the LEDs are on, you have a functioning crossover cable.
If the LEDs are off, push the MDI/MDI-X button in. If the Activity LEDs
for ports 1 and 2 turn on, you have a functioning straight-through cable.
However, if the LEDs remain off, you probably have a bad cable.
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM9
If a cable passes these tests, but the network connection is slow, verify that
wires 1, 2 and 3, 6 on the cable are twisted pairs as shown in the diagrams
on the next page.
9
CHAPTER 1
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Straight-through vs. Crossover Cables
Switch ports are wired MDI-X, so use a straight-through cable to connect to
a workstation or server (network adapter cards are wired MDI). To connect
to another MDI-X port, use a crossover cable. Following are the pin
arrangements for the switch’s Ethernet port and the typical RJ-45 connector.
8
1
RJ-45
Connector
Pin 8
Ethernet
Port
Pin 1
Clip
Straight-through UTP cable (for 100Base-TX)
Switch (MDI-X) Adapter (MDI)
1 (RX+) 1 (TX+)
2 (RX-) 2 (TX-)
3 (TX+) 3 (RX+)
6 (TX-) 6 (RX-)
4 Not used 4 Not used
5 Not used 5 Not used
7 Not used 7 Not used
8 Not used 8 Not used
Crossover UTP cable (for 100Base-TX)
Switch (MDI-X) Hub (MDI-X)
10/100
10
460T Ch1.p65 4/19/00, 11:01 AM10
1 (RX+) 1 (RX+)
2 (RX-) 2 (RX-)
3 (TX+) 3 (TX+)
6 (TX-) 6 (TX-)
4 Not used 4 Not used
5 Not used 5 Not used
7 Not used 7 Not used
8 Not used 8 Not used
Using the Intel
®
2
Express 460T Switch
Overview
This section is designed to provide an overview for using the Express 460T
switch within a network. The chapter covers the basic differences between a
switch and hub, basic switching features like flow control and Spanning
Tree, and a discussion of the more advanced features such as link
aggregation and the types of VLANs available on the switch.
If you are already familiar with switching technology you can skip ahead to
a particular section within the chapter. Here is a basic overview of the
chapter and the pages where you can find a particular topic.
• Sample Configurations page 13
• Flow Control page 14
• Spanning T r ee Protocol page 14
• Tagged Frames page 15
• Priority page 15
• Link Aggregation page 16
• VLANs page 17
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM11
• GVRP page 21
• IGMP Snooping page 22
11
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
What is a Switch?
A switch segments traffic, providing each port its own collision domain.
This is different than a hub where all ports belong to the same collision
domain.
Segments and Hubs
Hubs combine multiple wires so all attached devices behave like they are on
the same wire. Since the devices share the same segment, data sent by one
device is retransmitted to all devices on the same hub. This is equivalent to
having all devices connected in a bus topology as illustrated below.
Client A sends
signal to Client B
Signal sent to all ports
Client B
receives signal
Client A Client B
The disadvantage is all devices must share the total available bandwidth.
The more devices that are attached to the hub the less bandwidth for each
user. Also, network performance suffers since all devices receive traffic and
collisions from other users because the hub retransmits data across all ports.
Switches
Switches send traffic only to specific ports, rather than transmit data across
all ports. This means that each device attached to the switch receives fewer
collisions and the entire bandwidth is available to the device.
MAC Address Port
006011FB34DB 2
00A027D36FAA 8
The signal is not
Client A sends
signal to Client B
The switch maintains a table that associates a device’s MAC address to a
port on the switch. When Client A communicates with Client B, the switch
looks in the table to determine which port Client B is attached to and then
forwards the traffic to that port. If a device sends traffic to an address that is
not in the table (or sends broadcast or multicast traffic) the switch will send
the traffic out to all ports on the switch. When the switch receives a
response it will update the table with the new address.
sent to all ports
Client B
receives signal
12
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM12
CHAPTER 2
Using the Express 460T Switch
Sample Configurations
The following examples illustrate how the Express 460T switch can be used
in a network.
Desktop Bandwidth
In this example, desktop users are connected directly to the 460T switch.
Power users are connected at 100Mbps while regular users can be connected
at 10Mbps. Aggregated links provide additional bandwidth to the servers.
10Mbps
100Mbps
Aggregated
link provides
bandwidth to
server
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Power users
connected at
100Mbps
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
10Mbps
devices
Using the 460T
Small Office Backbone
In this example, the Express 460T switch serves as the backbone for a small
network. The switch can provide high-bandwidth support to the clients
(servers and power users) that require it while providing connections for
10Mbps devices. Use the optional modules available for the Express 460T
to extend the reach of the network beyond 100 meters (330 ft.). For
example, to connect different buildings or remote campuses to an Intel
Express 550T switch located at a central office.
Two switches connected using 1000SX modules. The
maximum distance is 550m using multimode fiber.
Express 460T Standalone Switch
Module A
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
10
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Intel® Express 330T Stackable Hub
MDI /
MDI-X
Intel® Express 330T Stackable Hub
MDI /
MDI-X
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
Module A Module B
Module A Module B
Collisions
Collisions
Express 550T Switch
1000LX Module for 500 Series Switches
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
1000Base-LX
Stack Interface Module
TX RX
12345678
Slot BSlot A
LEDs Green Orange
Off
Solid
LEDs Green Orange
Solid
Blink
10Mbps
100Mbps
®
10 Mbps
Half duplex
Intel Express
100 Mbps
Full duplex
550T Routing
Port Status
Switch
Power
Status
Temperature
Link
Disabled
Reset
Activity
Collision
RPS
Console
9600-8-N-1
13
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM13
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Flow Control
During times of heavy network activity, the switch’s port buffers can
receive too much traffic and fill up faster than the switch can send the
information. In cases like this, the switch tells the transmitting device to
wait so the information in the buffer can be sent. This traffic control
mechanism is called flow control.
The method of flow control depends on whether the port is set to full- or
half-duplex. If a port is operating at half-duplex, the switch sends a collision
(also called backpressure) which causes the transmitting device to wait. If
the port operates at full-duplex, the switch sends out an IEEE 802.3x
PAUSE frame. You can enable or disable flow control for each port on the
Express 460T switch.
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree is a protocol designed to help prevent any loops within the
network topology. A loop can occur if there is more than one path for
information to travel between devices. The Spanning Tree Protocol works
by determining the “cost” of a connection. For example, if two devices are
connected by two links, Spanning Tree uses the connection with the lowest
cost and blocks the second connection from working.
14
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM14
Spanning Tree prevents loops by allowing only one active path between any
two network devices at a time. However, you can also use this behavior to
establish redundant links between devices which can take over in the event
the primary link fails.
Switch B
Backup Path from Client A to Server B:
Switch A –> Switch B –> Switch C
Switch A
Primary Path from Client A to Server B: Switch A –> Switch C
Path: 3
Cost: 100
Path: 1
Cost: 100
Path: 2
Cost: 200
Switch C
Server BPC Client A
In this example, Client A can communicate with Server B over two different
paths. The primary path is Path 1 because the cost of the connection
between switches A and C is lower than the cost between switches A, B and
C. If the primary path fails, then traffic is sent over the backup path
automatically.
CHAPTER 2
Using the Express 460T Switch
Tagged Frames
The 802.1D (1998 Edition) and 802.1Q specifications published by the
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) extended Ethernet
functionality to add tag information to Ethernet frames and propagate these
tagged frames between bridges (for example, a switch). The tag can carry
priority information, VLAN information, or both and allows bridges to
intelligently direct traffic across the network.
Using the 460T
Priority
The IEEE 802.1D (1998 Edition) specification incorporates IEEE 802.1p
and defines information in the frame tag to indicate a priority level. When
these tagged packets are sent out on the network, the higher priority packets
are transferred first. Priority packet tagging (also known as Traffic Class
Expediting) is usually set on the LAN adapter in a PC and works with other
elements of the network (switches, routers) to deliver priority packets first.
The priority level can range from 0 (low) to 7 (high).
The Express 460T switch can read the priority tags and forward traffic on a
per port basis. The switch uses two priority queues per port and routes
traffic to a queue depending on the packet’s tag. For example, when a packet
comes into the switch with a high priority tag, the switch routes the packet
to its high-priority queue.
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM15
Even though there are eight priority levels, the Express 460T switch can
only route a packet into one of the two queues. The switch maps levels 0-3
to the low queue (which is the default) and levels 4-7 to the high queue. If a
packet is untagged, the switch determines the best way to send the packet.
Express 460T
7
HIGH
6
5
4
Incoming
packet
transmit
queue
for the
port
Network
3
2
1
LOW
0
15
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation allows you to combine from 2 to 8 (adjacent) ports so that
they function as a single high-speed link. For example, link aggregation is
useful when making connections between switches or to connect servers to
the switch.
Link aggregation, sometimes known as port trunking, can be used to
increase the bandwidth to some devices. Link aggregation can also provide
a redundant link for fault tolerance. If one link in the aggregation fails, the
switch balances the traffic among the remaining links.
2 ports aggregated x 100Mbps = 200Mbps link
4 ports aggregated x 100Mbps = 400Mbps link
16
To aggregate ports, you must link an “anchor” port with an adjacent port.
The Express 460T Switch supports up to four link aggregation groups
(anchor ports 1, 9, 17) for a 24-port switch and up to three link aggregation
groups (anchor ports 1, 9) on a 16-port switch. This includes one link
aggregation group for the two 100FX module ports.
Guidelines
• The switch treats aggregated links as a single port. This includes
Spanning Tree and VLANs.
• All ports share the same settings as the anchor port. You can change
anchor port settings, but you cannot configure other ports in the link.
• When a port is configured as a member of an aggregated link, it
immediately adopts the characteristics of the anchor port. When a port
is no longer a member of an aggregated link, the characteristics are
reset to the default settings (autonegotiate speed/duplex, flow control
enabled).
• If a port is part of an aggregated link, it cannot be configured as the
target port for a port mirror. However, a port in an aggregated link can
serve as the source port for a port mirror.
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM16
CHAPTER 2
Using the Express 460T Switch
Virtual LANs
A Virtual LAN is a logical network grouping that allows you to isolate
network traffic so members of the VLAN receive traffic only from other
members. Creating a VLAN is the physical equivalent of moving a group of
devices to a separate switch (creating a Layer 2 broadcast domain). The
advantage of VLANs is that you can reduce broadcast traffic for the entire
switch, and increase security, without changing the wiring of your network.
The Express 460T switch supports three types of VLANs:
• Port-based
• MAC-based
• Tag-based
Port-based VLANs
This is the simplest and most common form of VLAN. In a port-based
VLAN, the system administrator assigns the switch’s ports to a specific
VLAN. For example, the system administrator can designate ports 2, 4, 6,
and 9 as part of the engineering VLAN and ports 17, 19, 21, and 23 as part
of the marketing VLAN. The advantage of port-based VLANs is that they
are easy to configure and all changes happen at the switch so they are
transparent to the users. The Express 460T supports a maximum of 12 portbased VLANs. A port can belong to only one VLAN at a time.
Module A
These devices
are members
of VLAN 1
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
Status
These devices
are members
of VLAN 2
Using the 460T
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM17
VLAN 1:
Engineering
VLAN 2:
Marketing
If a user changes location, the system administrator reassigns the port to the
new VLAN. Another advantage is if a hub is connected to a port that is part
of a VLAN, all devices connected to the hub are also part of the VLAN. The
disadvantage is that there is no way to exclude an individual device on that
hub from becoming part of the VLAN.
17
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
MAC-based VLANs
Membership in this type of VLAN is based on assigning the MAC address
of a device to a VLAN. The advantage to this type of VLAN is that if users
move around, they are always part of the same VLAN as long as they stay
connected to the same switch. The Express 460T switch supports up to 12
MAC-based VLANs.
The disadvantage is that the initial configuration and subsequent
administration of a MAC-based VLAN can be challenging since the system
administrator needs to maintain lists of MAC addresses and enter those
addresses into the switch. Another disadvantage is that MAC-based VLANs
cannot span across switches.
Express 460T Standalone Switch
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
ENG_VLAN
PC1: 00AA00123456
PC2: 00BB00123456
PC3: 00CC00123456
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
MKT_VLAN
PC4: 000A321654EF
PC5: 00EE231456AA
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
MFG_VLAN
PC6: 00EE123456DB
PC7: 00FF445651D4
PC8: 00CC123456C9
MAC-based VLANs, as designed on the Express 460T Switch, are meant to
limit broadcast and multicast traffic over the network. The switch relies on
limiting broadcast traffic to constrain network visibility of network
applications (such as TCP/IP) that rely on broadcasts (such as ARP) for
station discovery.
The Express 460T MAC-based VLANs are not intended to be a secure
solution. For secure VLANs use either port-based or IEEE 802.1Q-based
VLANs.
18
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:09 PM18
CHAPTER 2
Using the Express 460T Switch
IEEE 802.1Q (tag)-based VLANs
The third type of VLAN supported by the Express 460T switch is based on
the IEEE 802.1Q specification. The specification provides a uniform way
for creating VLANs within a network and allows the creation of a VLAN
that can also span across the network. Until recently, VLAN implementation
has been vendor specific so it was not possible to create a VLAN across
devices from different vendors.
The 802.1Q VLAN works by using a tag added to the Ethernet frames. The
tag contains a VLAN Identifier (VID) that identifies the frame as belonging
to a specific VLAN. These tags allow switches that support the 802.1Q
specification to segregate traffic between devices and communicate a
device’s VLAN association across switches.
VLAN 1:
Engineering
VLAN 1 computers
can't see VLAN 2
computers
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
VLAN 2:
Manufacturing
Server and printer
are members of both
VLANs
There are multiple advantages to implementing 802.1Q VLANs. First, it
helps to contain broadcast and multicast traffic across the switch thus
improving performance. Second, ports can belong to more than one VLAN.
Third, VLANs can span multiple switches that support the 802.1Q
specification. Finally, it can provide security and improve performance by
logically isolating users and grouping them together. The Express 460T
switch supports up to 256 tag-based VLANs.
Using the 460T
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:10 PM19
A logical grouping may be mapped to a work group. For example, you can
create a VLAN that groups all the users from the engineering department
into one VLAN. A benefit of this logical grouping is that it can improve
performance by cutting down traffic that belongs to a different logical group
(e.g. marketing), improve security (engineering can’t see marketing), and
ease moves since the user doesn’t have to be physically located in the same
group to participate in the VLAN.
19
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
On the 460T switch, overlapping VLANs can be supported through the use
of 802.1Q-capable devices. However, for non-802.1Q-capable devices,
overlapping VLANs can be supported by implementing an asymmetric
VLAN on the switch (see references below for more information). An
asymmetric VLAN is a type of 802.1Q configuration where endstations
send traffic on one VLAN and receive traffic on another VLAN. The 460T
switch is capable of supporting asymmetric VLANs.
To learn more about asymmetric VLANs, see http://support.intel.com/
support or refer to IEEE 802.1Q Specification Annex B.1.3.
Spanning Tree and VLANs
The Express 460T supports the Spanning Tree Protocol across the entire
switch, not per VLAN. If a loop occurs in a VLAN the port is disabled and
all VLAN traffic over that port is blocked.
A good example of this can be seen below. Both Switch 1 and Switch 2 have
two port-based VLANs configured. Crossover cables connect the
ENG_VLAN on Switch 1 to ENG_VLAN on and Switch 2. Crossover
cables also connect the MRKT_VLAN on Switch 1 to the MRKT_VLAN
on Switch 2. When Spanning Tree is enabled, the redundant link between
the MRKT_VLANs is blocked and those VLANs can no longer
communicate.
20
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:10 PM20
When the switch is running 802.1Q VLANs, Spanning Tree is required for
GVRP to work properly.
Switch 1
Switch 2
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
crossover
connecting ENG_VLANs
Intel® Express 460T Standalone Switch
MDI
12345678
MDI-X
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
ENG_VLAN
ports 1-8
Module A
Port 1 Port 2
Link\Act\Coll
Link\Act\Coll
Status
910111213141516 1718192021222324
ENG_VLAN
ports 1-8
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
MKT_VLAN
ports 17-24
Spanning Tree disables
the redundant crossover
breaking the connection
between the MKT_VLANs.
Status
Left
Link = Solid Green
Activity = Blinking Green
Collision = Blinking Orange
Right
10Mbps = Solid Orange
100Mbps = Off
MKT_VLAN
ports 17-24
CHAPTER 2
Using the Express 460T Switch
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)
Since IEEE 802.1Q VLANs can span networks, it poses a challenge for
network administrators to manage changes to the VLAN. The GARP VLAN
Registration Protocol (GVRP) provides a dynamic mechanism for switches
to share topology information and manage changes with other switches.
This alleviates the network administrator from manually propagating VLAN
configuration information across switches.
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) is defined by the IEEE
802.1D (1998 Edition) specification and is the mechanism used by switches
and end nodes to propagate VLAN configurations across the network
domain. GVRP uses GARP as a foundation to propagate VLAN
configurations to other switches. Devices that support GVRP transmit their
updates to a known multicast address that all GVRP-capable devices
monitor for information updates.
Sending GVRP messages between switches accomplishes the following
tasks:
• Dynamically adds or removes a port from participating in a VLAN.
• Sends updates about the switch’s own VLAN configuration to
neighboring GVRP-capable devices.
• Integrates dynamic and static VLANs configurations within the same
switch. Static VLAN configurations are created by the user on the
switch for devices that don’t support GVRP.
It’s important to remember that dynamically created VLANs are not saved
in the switch’s memory. When the device that is sending out the GVRP
updates is disabled or rebooted the dynamic VLAN is removed.
Using the 460T
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:10 PM21
21
CHAPTER 2
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP)
Under normal circumstances, multicast traffic is broadcast by the switch to
all ports. For multicast traffic based on the TCP/IP using the IGMP
protocol, the switch can optimize the broadcasting of multicast traffic by
forwarding multicast traffic only to ports that require it.
IGMP Snooping is a feature that allows the switch to forward multicast
traffic intelligently. The switch “snoops” the IGMP query and report
messages and forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast
traffic. This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports
and possibly affecting network performance.
IGMP requires a router that learns about the presence of multicast groups
on its subnets and keeps track of group membership. It is important to
remember that multicasting is not connection oriented, so data is delivered
to the requesting hosts on a best-effort level of service.
22
460T Ch2.p65 4/19/00, 4:10 PM22
Using Intel® Device
3
View 2.1
Overview
Intel® Device View allows you to manage Express 460T Standalone
Switches and other supported Intel networking devices on your network.
Intel Device View provides these features:
• The ability to configure new network devices
• Graphical device manager for Intel switches, hubs, and routers
• Autodiscovery, which finds supported Intel devices on the network
• The Device Tree, which shows all the supported devices detected
on your network
• Remote Network Monitoring (RMON)
• Web or Windows* platform
• Plug-in to HP OpenView*, IBM Tivoli NetView*, and Intel
LANDesk® Network Manager
460T Ch3.p65 4/19/00, 11:04 AM23
• Other useful tools such as a TFTP server
23
CHAPTER 3
Intel Express 460T Standalone Switch Users Guide
Installing Intel Device View
Before you install Intel Device View, make sure your PC meets the system
requirements in the Intel Device View User Guide, which is included on the
Intel Device View CD-ROM.
To install Intel Device View
1 Insert the Intel Device View CD-ROM in your computer’s CD-ROM
drive. The Intel Device View installation screen appears. If it doesn’t
appear, run autoplay.exe from the CD-ROM.
24
460T Ch3.p65 4/19/00, 11:04 AM24
2 Choose the version of Intel Device View you want to install.
• Click Install for Windows to install Intel Device View for use on
this PC only.
• Click Install for Web to install Intel Device View on a Web
server. You will be able to access the Device View server from any
PC on your network with Internet Explorer* 4.0x or later.
• Click Install as Plug-in to install Intel network device support for
HP OpenView, IBM Tivoli NetView, or Intel LANDesk Network
Manager. This option is not available if you don’t have OpenView,
Net View, or LANDesk Network Manager installed on the PC.
3 Follow the on-screen instructions in the installation program.
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