Honeywell Colorimetric Gas Operating Manual

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GAS DETECTION TUBES AND SAMPLING HANDBOOK

Second Edition

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Table Of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 3

2. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES .................................. 5

3. OPERATION OF DETECTION TUBES AND PUMPS ........................... 7

3.1 Hand Pump Description .................................................................. 8

3.2 Tube Measurements…………………………………………... ...........8

3.2.1 Tube Description and Packaging ..................................... 8

3.2.2 Testing Hand Pump for Leaks ....................................... 10

3.2.3 Measurement Procedure ............................................... 10

3.2.4 Reading Tubes…………………………………….. .......... 13

3.3 Maintenance of the LP-1200 Piston Hand Pump .......................... 14

3.4 Selection of Sampling Pump ......................................................... 15

3.5 Operation and Maintenance of Remote Sampler .......................... 15

4. TECHNICAL INFORMATION ...............................................................19

4.1 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 19

4.2 Explanation of Data Sheets .......................................................... 20

4.3 Humidity, Temperature, Pressure and Matrix Effects .................... 22

5. DATA SHEETS FOR GAS DETECTION TUBES ................................ 26

6. SPECIALTY TUBES ........................................................................... 103

6.1 Smoke Generating Tubes ...........................................................103

6.2 RAE-Sep™ Tubes .......................................................................105

6.3 PID Conditioning Tubes ..............................................................109

7. APPENDICES..................................................................................... 117

7.1 Appendix 1. Alphabetical Tube List ............................................ 117

7.2 Appendix 2. Tube List by Part Number ...................................... 119

7.3 Appendix 3. Detectable Compounds ..........................................121

7.4 Appendix 4. Equivalent Tubes of Other Manufacturers ..............126

7.5 Appendix 5. Conversion Factors for Gas Concentrations .......... 129

7.6 Appendix 6. Humidity Conversion Tables ................................... 130

7.7 Appendix 7. Other RAE Systems Gas Detection Products ........ 131

7.8 Appendix 8. Warranty ................................................................. 132

7.9 Appendix 9. RAE Systems Contacts .......................................... 133

Table Of COnTenTs

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1. INTRODUCTION

WARNING

The products described herein will perform as designed only if they are used, maintained, and serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Failure to use, maintain, and operate products properly can result in dangerously inaccurate readings.

INTRODUCTION

CAUTION: For safety reasons, the equipment described here-

in must be operated and serviced by qualied personnel only.

Read and understand this instruction manual completely before operating or servicing.

ATTENTION: Pour des raisons de sécurité, ces équipments Doivent être utilisés, entretenus et réparés uniquement par un

personnel qualié. Étudier le manuel d’instructions en entier avant d’utiliser, d’entretenir ou de réparer l’équipement.

Custom Tubes

Please contact RAE Systems about the availability of custom tubes not included in this handbook. Contact information is included on page 128.

Application & Technical Notes

RAE Systems’ web site includes the Application Notes and Technical Notes cited in this handbook, as well as many others. Visit our web site at: www.raesystems.com.

© 2013 by RAE Systems Inc. This handbook is fully protected by copyright, and no part of it may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of RAE Systems Inc., 3775 N. First St., San Jose, CA 95134-1708 USA.

INTRODUCTION

This handbook describes the use and performance of gas detection tubes and sampling pumps manufactured by RAE Systems Inc. RAE Systems began manufacturing gas detection tubes in 1997 and is adding many new tubes to its product line each year. Modern production facilities and techniques allow

us to offer high-quality tubes at a highly competitive price.

Gas detection tubes were rst developed at Harvard University in the early

1900s for measuring carbon monoxide. In this method a gas sample is pulled through a glass tube containing a reagent, and a reaction between the gas and solid reagent forms a color that is related to the concentration of the gas. The concept is similar to other colorimetric methods such as pH paper for measuring acids and bases, and bleaching of dyes to determine ozone or chlorine levels in water or air. Early tubes were designed mainly

for conned space entry, such as in the mining industry, where CO and

H2S are the main toxic gases. Since then, a large number of tubes have been developed for a broad range of chemicals. With the coming of OSHA regulations in the workplace in the 1970s, these compounds have expanded from mostly inorganic, acutely toxic compounds to include a large number of organic compounds whose health effects tend to be more long term. Along with this change has come an increased need for

specicity in the measurements.

A few important factors limited the accuracy of early tube/hand pump systems. First the tubes had no precalibrated markings. Some tubes were read using a color comparison chart, which depended on the user’s interpretation of the color. Other tubes came with an external scale that was slid into position by the user. This introduced potential error in the position of the scale but, more important, did not allow for variations in the length of stain produced by different batches of the same tubes. Modern tubes avoid such errors by having calibrations performed on each batch, which are then marked directly on the tubes.

A second error source was in the volume of air sampled. Early pumps were variations of a rubber squeeze bulb that gave poor reproducibility in the

amount of compression. Later, xtures were added to the bulbs to ensure a uniform compression and thus a xed volume. The Draeger and MSA

bellows pumps function in the same way as the squeeze bulbs, but draw in accurate sample volumes.

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Air sampling can also be performed using piston pumps, which latch into

a precisely dened position to x the volume. These pumps pull a strong vacuum initially and thus create substantially higher owrate than the bellows pumps. Piston pumps generate a high ow initially followed by

an approximately exponential decay, whereas bellows pumps provide a

more steady ow initially followed by the slow decay. The difference in ow

patterns means that the pumps cannot be interchanged between types. For example, piston pumps sometime cause a smearing of the color stain

INTRODUCTION

when used on tubes originally developed for bellows pumps. This occurs

because the higher ow rates do not allow enough contact time to give

sharp endpoints when a piston pump is used.

For a period of time, attempts were made to improve accuracy by stabilizing

the ow rate using rate-limiting orices. Some manufacturers supplied as many as four different orice sizes to match the particular tube being used. However, exchanging limiting orices proved to be cumbersome

and unnecessary as long as enough contact time was allowed to avoid

smearing the stain. Therefore, limiting orices have fallen out of use and it has now become standard practice to build the ow restriction into the

tube itself. This is done by selecting the particle size of the support material and type of end plug that give a sampling time appropriate for the particular chemical reaction of the tube.

2. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES FOR GAS DETECTION TUBE MANUFACTURE

All RAE Systems gas detection tubes are developed in an ISO 9001

certied facility and manufactured in an ISO 9001 certied factory. All

procedures, work instructions, and quality records are documented and maintained to ensure tube quality. The procedures are outlined below.

A. Tube Selection. Glass tubing is selected to t a standard bore size to

ensure uniform length of color change.

B. Support Preparation. Silica, alumina, and other support materials

are chosen from the highest quality available and sieved to yield a

narrow particle size distribution. The supports are then further puried as necessary and dried to well-dened levels depending on the

requirements of the tube reactions.

C. Reagent Loading. Chemicals are chosen according to strict purity

standards and loaded onto the support materials. Deposition of the

chemicals onto the support follows a protocol developed specically

for each tube type. The loaded support material is then dried as needed for the reaction.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

As a result of these developments, modern tube/pump systems have stabilized into two categories: (1) low-vacuum bellows pumps with less

ow resistance in the tubes, by virtue of being wider (~7 mm o.d.) and

having larger particles, and (2) high-vacuum piston pumps with greater

resistance in the tubes by being narrower (~5 mm) and having smaller

particles. The bellows pump/tube systems tend to have faster sampling but require more pump strokes to complete a measurement, whereas the piston pump systems generally need fewer strokes but longer sampling time per stroke. RAE Systems tubes are primarily of the narrow-bore type and are designed for use with a piston sampling pump.

D. Tube Filling and Sealing. End plugs are selected of materials that

do not react with the reagent. The tubes are lled under conditions

that minimize exposure to air, water vapor, or other gases that may affect the quality of the tubes. The tubes are then packed tightly by a combination of shaking and physical compression. The ends of the

tubes are then melted closed using an automated ame sealer. Any

necessary inert atmosphere is maintained through the tube-sealing process.

E. Calibration. Each batch of tubes is calibrated independently of other

batches. A series of standard gases are purchased or prepared by a

variety of methods, including ow dilution of gas primary standards,

permeation tubes, and diffusion tubes, or static dilution from liquid or gas primary standards. Multiple tubes are used to determine each calibration position, and these are then printed onto each tube in the batch with an automated printing machine.

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F. Packaging. The tubes and their technical data sheets are packed

into labeled boxes with protective corrugated cardboard.

G. Quality Control Sampling Plan. A portion of each batch is sent to

the RAE Systems Quality Assurance Laboratory for independent QA testing. The most widely used tubes pass the accuracy criterion of

≤±15% of length of stain. A separate set of tubes is stored in the QA

laboratory and the manufacturing facility for evaluation at later dates, if necessary.

3. OPERATION OF DETECTION TUBES & PUMPS

CAUTION:

Wear safety glasses and gloves when opening

tubes or handling open tubes with sharp edges. Failure to wear protective equipment may lead to cuts and other severe injuries to eyes and hands.

H. Accuracy and Precision. The accuracy is measured by testing

at least ve tubes and calculating the average deviation from the

standard gas value. The precision is calculated as the standard

deviation from the average value of the ve measurements. All tubes

meet the accuracy and precision criteria listed in Table 2-1:

Table 2-1. RAE Systems Tube Accuracy and Precision Specications

Tube Type

CO, CO PH3, SO

CO, H SO

CO, Acetone, Benzene, MEK, Toluene, Xylene

Cl NO Butane, Diesel, Ethanol,

Formaldehyde, Gasoline,

OPER ATION

Methyl Bromide, Ozone, Phenol, Trichloroethylene, Vinyl Chloride, others

, H2O, H2S, NH3,

O , H2S, NH3, PH3,

, ClO2, HCN, HCl, HF,

x, NO

, RSH, RNH

Conc.

Range

>50 ppm 10% 10% 12%

≤50 ppm 12% 15% 20%

All 12% 15% 20%

All 20% 20% 25%

Precision

Accuracy

>20-100% Full Scale

≤20% Full

Scale

Always test the pump for leaks immediately before

using it for a series of measurements. Failure to test the pump for leakage may lead to dangerously inaccurate readings.

Avoid contact with tube contents in case of

accidental breakage. Exposure to tube contents

can result in signicant health hazards.

Dispose of spent tubes according to local

regulations. Review the reaction principle and other information listed in the Gas Detection Tube Data Sheet supplied to identify materials that may require special disposal procedures. (Data Sheets for all currently available RAE Systems tubes are included in Chapter 5.)

OPER ATION

I. Interim Storage. Only batches that pass all quality assurance

procedures are sent to interim storage, where they are maintained at 3-7°C (37 - 45°F) in darkness until shipment.

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3.1 Hand Pump Description

strokes is indicated on one side, along with the total sample volume, the unit of measure, the gas type, and the batch number.

2. Data Sheet. Each box is packaged with a Data Sheet that provides detailed information on the tube performance. Figure 3-3 is an excerpt of a typical data sheet. Complete data sheets are provided in Chapter 5 and discussed in detail in Chapters 4.2 and 4.3.

Figure 3-1. LP-1200 Hand Pump with tube inserted.

The LP-1200 is a piston-type hand pump that draws a xed volume of

gas, selectable at either 50 mL or 100 mL by rotating the handle. A tight vacuum seal is formed by a greased plunger gasket. The tapered rubber inlet accommodates a range of tube diameters for different types of tubes.

The inlet lter prevents glass pieces and dust from entering the shaft. An end-of-ow indicator in the handle turns white when the gas sampling is

complete. A pump stroke counter is rotated to keep track of the number of strokes completed.

3.2 Tube Measurements

3.2.1 Tube Description & Packaging

OPER ATION

1. Tube and Box. Figure 3-2 shows the key components of a RAE

Figure 3-2. Gas detection tube parts description.

Top: Standard single tube. Bottom: Pretreatment tube

connected to measurement tube with rubber connector.

Systems gas detection tube. The tubes are typically packaged in a box of 10 tubes. Each box has quick instructions on the back. Some tubes require preconditioning of the gas and are packaged with 5 pretreatment tubes and 5 measurement tubes for a total of 5 measurements. The concentration scale is printed on the tube and an arrow indicates the direction in which the gas must enter. The standard number of 100 mL

Gas Detection Tube Data Sheet

Hydrogen Sulde H

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 12.5 - 125 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor (CF)

Figure 3-3. Excerpt of a Tube Data Sheet

3. Part Number. The 7-digit part number is indicated on the top right of

the data sheet. The second 3 digits indicate the tube chemical type, and the last two digits number indicate the approximate range of the

tube. The higher the number, the higher the range.

4. Sampling Volume and Time. Using the standard number of pump strokes, the concentration of the gas is read from stain length directly matched to the printed scale after the listed sampling time has elapsed. However, the range of the tube may be extended by using a smaller or larger sample volume. In such cases, the scale reading must be multiplied by a Correction Factor (CF) to adjust for the different sample

size. For example, the RAE Systems 10-103-18 hydrogen sulde tube

has a standard range of 25-250 ppm. When used with the standard one stroke, the readings will correspond directly to the printed scale on the tube. When used with half a stroke, a Ccorrection Factor (CF) of 2 is applied. An observed reading of 50 ppm then corresponds to an actual concentration of:

50 x 2 = 100 ppm

S No. 10-103-18

Standard

Range

25 - 250

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1 1 1

0.5 1 2

Extended

Range

50 - 500

OPER ATION

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5. Cross-sensitivity. Gas detection tubes are generally quite selective,

but some compounds may interfere in the measurements. The Data Sheet lists possible interfering compounds; others may also exist. In most cases these compounds increase the stain length, but in some cases they decrease the stain length. The user must be aware of potential interferences, or incorrect readings may result.

2. In cases where a pre-tube is provided (e.g., Benzene 10-101-01 and NOx 10-109-20), connect the pre-tube to the measurement tube using the rubber connector in the direction indicated on the tube.

3.2.2 Testing Hand Pump For Leaks

Before a series of measurements, the pump used must be tested for leaks. Follow this procedure:

1. Insert an unopened tube snugly into the inlet of the aspirating pump.

2. Align the red dot on the plunger with the red dot on the pump shaft.

3. Pull the plunger one full stroke and wait 2 minutes.

4. Rotate the plunger dot away from the pump shaft alignment mark, and allow the plunger to be drawn back into the pump shaft. Keep your hand on the shaft to keep it from snapping back too suddenly.

There are no leaks if the plunger returns to within 3 mm of its original position. If a leak is detected, refer to Section 3.3 for maintenance procedures.

3.2.3 Measurement Procedure

Break both ends of a new detection tube using the tip breaker on the side of the pump. Insert the tube until it stops, and then back off about 1 mm before breaking off the tip. The latter procedure allows the tip to fall

OPER ATION

into the tip reservoir at the end of the pump shaft. The reservoir can be emptied by opening the rubber cover on the opposite side of the pump.

3. Insert the measurement tube securely into the rubber pump inlet. Point the tube arrow towards the pump (see Figs. 3-1 and 3-2).

Insert open tube with arrow pointing towards pump.

4. Select the sample volume desired and align the red dot on the plunger with the red dot on the pump shaft. Pull the handle quickly until it latches at ½ or 1 full stroke (50 or 100 mL) and wait for the sampling time indicated on the data sheet to allow the air to be drawn through

the tube. The end-of-ow indicator is dark during sampling. Flow is complete when the end-of-ow indicator returns to its white color.

Withdraw plunger sharply until it locks in place, and rotate stroke counter.

Wait for indicated sampling time when end-of-ow indicator turns white.

OPER ATION

Break tube open at both ends.

End-of-ow indicator is dark when sampling (left) and white when sampling is complete (right).

5. For additional pump strokes, rotate the handle ¼ turn clockwise or counterclockwise and push it back fully without removing the tube from

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3.2.4 Reading Tubes

1. The concentration of the compound being measured is read directly from the scale printed on the tube.

the pump. Then repeat Step 4.

If additional strokes are needed, rotate plunger 90 degrees.

Push plunger back into pump shaft without removing tube.

Withdraw plunger for second stroke and repeat strokes as necessary.

Remove and read tube; return plunger and stroke counter to original position; empty tube tip reservoir as necessary.

OPER ATION

2. The reading is taken as the furthest distance along the tube that the color change just becomes visible. If the leading edge is diagonal instead of perpendicular to the axis of the tube, use the average of the minimum and maximum values. The three tubes shown in Figure 3-4 are all read as 0.9.

Figure 3-4. Reading of various types of endpoints after sampling.

3. Read the tube immediately after gas sampling, as colors may change, fade, or disperse with time.

4. If a non-standard number of pump strokes was used for sampling, multiply the reading by the Correction Factor given on the tube Data Sheet (Chapter 5).

5. If humidity and temperature corrections are necessary as indicated on the Data Sheets, multiply the observed readings by the given Correction Factor(s) (CF) to obtain the true concentration. For more details and a theoretical discussion, see Chapter 4.3 on the effects of humidity and temperature.

OPER ATION

6. The user must be aware of potential interfering compounds in the tube measurements. Interferences can be either positive or negative.

CAUTION: Always examine the data sheet and other available information for possible interferences. Failure to consider interferences may lead to dangerously inaccurate readings.

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3.3 Maintenance of the LP-1200 Piston Hand Pump

Replace the outlet check valve gasket if there is resistance on the return stroke. Using the special tool or needle-nose pliers, unscrew the plunger tip from the plunger rod. Replace the O-ring, check valve gasket as necessary, and reassemble. Inspect the gasket ring in the

inlet end tting. If it is damaged, replace before screwing the end tting

back on.

Figure 3-5. Transparent view of LP-1200 pump

1. Tube Tip Reservoir

Remove the tube tip reservoir cover as needed to empty the broken

glass reservoir that is in the pump end tting.

2. Pump Inlet and Filter

The rubber pump inlet can become worn with use and result in leaks. Unscrew the pump inlet nut and replace the rubber inlet. If the inlet

is not replaced, inspect the inlet lter and replace or clean the lter when it becomes visibly dirty or if the end-of-ow indicator on the pump shows that the ow takes longer than recommended on the tube box.

3. Pump Mechanism

The plunger gasket may leak if it is worn or not well lubricated. To replace the gasket:

1. Unscrew the pump end tting on the handle side.

2. Pull the plunger out of the pump shaft.

3. Replace the gasket.

4. Carefully push the plunger back into the shaft. Use a ne

OPER ATION

screwdriver or tweezers to help ease the gasket into the shaft.

5. Lubricate the inside of the shaft with vacuum grease to ensure a good seal.

showing internal parts.

3.4 Selection Of Sampling Pump

RAE Systems tubes are designed for operation with a RAE Systems hand pump for drawing samples through RAE Systems tubes. Pumps from

different manufacturers may have different ow patterns or deliver different volumes, which can cause signicant errors. For example, bellows hand pumps as supplied by MSA and Draeger have substantially different ow

patterns.

Caution: Use of a sampling pump other than a RAE Systems hand pump may cause serious errors. Always test any pump for leaks before use.

3.5 Operation And Maintenance Of Remote Sampler

The Detection Tube Remote Sampler is designed for use with RAE Systems

hand pumps for gas-detection tubes and adsorption tubes. The exible

Remote Sampler allows gases to be sampled through narrow apertures, down holes, or from other areas remotely located from the sampling pump. The sampler is available in two lengths, 15 feet (4.5 meters), p/n 010-3009015, and 35 feet (11 meters), p/n 010-3009-035.

1. Installation

OPER ATION

Caution: Do not overtighten the plunger gasket. It could cause a sudden loss of vacuum.

The inlet check valve may cause leaks if worn or not lubricated.

Unscrew the end tting on the inlet side and pull out the disk-shaped

rubber-inlet check valve. Replace as necessary, adding a light coat of grease around the hole.

Refer to Figure 3.7 for installation and part descriptions. Unscrew the pump adapter nut and remove the standard rubber tube adapter from the pump. Inspect the remote sampler to ensure that the porous

metal lter is in place, and screw the pump adapter nut attached to the

sampler into the pump. Store the standard nut and rubber adapter in a safe place for later use.

2. Operation

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To ensure a good seal, insert the gas detection tube into the tube holder and twist the tube while pushing in. If the tube uses a pre-tube, insert the pre-tube into the pre-tube holder and push the pre-tube into the end of the standard tube holder. Secure the pre-tube holder using the rubber buckles. Lower the extension hose to the desired position.

Figure 3-6. Installation of the remote sampling probe into

the LP-1200 hand pump.

4. Routine Maintenance

a. Porous Metal Filter: The metal frit lter should be replaced when it

becomes visibly dirty or if the end-of-ow indicator on the pump shows that the ow takes longer than recommended on the tube box.

b. Leak Test: If a leak is discovered with either pump, rst remove the

probe and check the pump for leaks. Then examine the tubing and connections for the leak source, as follows:

i. Hand Pump: Insert a sealed tube into the tube holder tightly. Pull

3 pump strokes to expel the air from inside the tubing. Pull a fourth stroke and wait for 2 minutes. Rotate the plunger dot away from the pump shaft alignment mark, and allow for the plunger to be drawn back into the pump shaft. Keep your hand on the shaft to prevent it from springing back too suddenly. If the plunger returns to within 3 mm of its original position, there are no leaks.

3. Correction

Caution: In order to obtain accurate readings, the following corrective procedures must be employed when using the 35-foot (11-meter) remote sampler.

OPER ATION

The 35-foot (11-meter) remote sampler causes a slight delay and reduced reading because of the extra volume in the extension tubing. Increase the sample time by 30 seconds for a 2-minute

tube, 20 seconds for a 1.5-minute tube, and by 15 seconds for a 1-minute tube. Then multiply the reading by 1.08 to obtain the corrected value. Corrections for the 15-foot (4.5-meter) remote sampler are unnecessary.

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OPER ATION

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4. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

4.1 Gas Detection Tube Theory Of Operation

Gas detection tubes operate on a chemical reaction between the vaporphase compound and a liquid or solid detecting reagent, which is supported on an inert matrix. The most common types of reactions are the following:

• Acid-base reactions These include reactions of acidic gases like HCl and HF with bases, and reaction of alkaline vapors such as ammonia with an acid in the tube. A dye present in the tube changes color as the pH changes on exposure to the vapors.

• Reduction-oxidation (Red-ox) reactions These generate an oxidized or reduced compound, which has a different color. The chlorine tube uses oxidative coupling of colorless o-toluidine to form an orange azodye. White di-iodine pentoxide is reduced by CO and many organic vapors to form deep brown-colored iodine. Orange chromium (VI) is reduced by many organic compounds to form brown or green-colored Cr(III) compounds.

• Ligand-exchange reactions These generate new complexes that are more colored than the starting reagents. The most notable is the

conversion of white lead acetate to brown-black lead sulde in the

detection of H the chlorine ligand of HgCl2 releases HCl, which then causes a pHdependent dye-color change.

S. In the case of phosphine, the exchange of PH3 for

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

•

Pre-layers or Pre-tubes These are used to condition the sample by controlling humidity, removing interferences, or transforming the analyte to another detectable compound. Examples include drying

OPER ATION

agents in NH3 and HCl tubes, organic removal by charcoal or oxidation in selective CO tubes, and oxidation of NO to NO2 in the nitrogen oxides tube.

All RAE Systems detection tubes are length-of-stain types. In these tubes, the reaction of the gas with the supported reagent is fast, compared to the transport of the bulk air sample through the tube. Therefore, all of the detected vapors are reacted within the tube. As a result, there is not a strong dependence of the readings on the rate at which the gas is

sampled. However, a very high ow rate can cause some smearing to a high reading. Conversely, low ow rates are less likely to affect the stain

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length, but can give low readings by concentrating the colored products in

a shorter section of the tube. In cases of ow extremes, errors outside the standard 25% accuracy can be produced.

RAE Systems tubes are calibrated using RAE Systems piston hand pumps.

The ow during a single pump stroke initially rises sharply and then decays

exponentially (see Figure 4-1). The best accuracy is therefore obtained

when the ow through the tube mimics this prole.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

3. Precision. This value is determined by measuring a standard gas sample with at least 5 randomly chosen tubes. Precision is reported as the standard deviation from the average of the 5 measurements.

Precision is typically ≤±15%. (See Section 2 for complete table.)

4. Linearity with number of pump strokes. Multiple strokes are measured with a gas standard with concentration at the low end of the tube.

Tubes must have correlation coefcients (r2) >0.95 to be considered

linear.

Humidity. The effect on the reading as a function of humidity of the

standard gas is listed. Any required Correction Factors are tabulated.

6. Temperature. The effect of temperature is determined by equilibrating the gas sample, tube, and pump to the test temperatures, typically 0°, 10°, 25°, and 40°C (32°, 50°, 77°, and 104°F). Any required Correction Factors are tabulated. If humidity has a measurable effect on the gas readings, the temperature tests are performed at constant relative humidity (not absolute humidity). Any temperature corrections should be multiplied by any humidity corrections to obtain true readings.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Figure 4-1. Piston pump internal pressure pattern. Data is offset

by 2 seconds.

4.2 Explanation Of Data Sheets

The Data Sheets supplied with each box of tubes give representative information applying to all batches. The Data Sheets include:

1. Standard and extended measurement ranges, pump strokes required, gas volumes required, sampling times, and the detection limit. The standard range and strokes apply to the calibration scale printed on the tubes. The range can usually be extended to higher or lower concentrations by reducing or increasing, respectively, the number of pump strokes.

2. Correction Factors (CF) for conditions of pump stroke, temperature, humidity, or gas type other than the standard conditions. The CF is multiplied by the observed reading to obtain the corrected concentration.

7. Storage Life. Samples of tubes are stored for extended periods to

evaluate their accuracy at dened time periods to determine their

storage life. The user should store tubes in darkness at 3° to 7°C (37° to 45°F) to maximize their shelf life. Freezing tubes (storage below 0°C, or 32°F) can damage some types and is not recommended.

8. Cross-Sensitivity. Tubes are challenged with a variety of possible interfering gases to quantitate their relative response. Although the tubes are highly selective, compounds that are chemically similar to a target compound sometimes show a positive interference. Others interfere with the measurement gas without showing a response on their own; for example, when acidic vapors coexist with basic vapors. Such information is listed in a separate note or column titled “Interferes in Mixtures.” The user should know as much about the sample environment as possible in order to make sound judgments regarding possible interferences; otherwise inaccurate readings may result. In some cases, a different color or pattern of the stain can clue the user to the presence of an interfering compound.

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4.3 Humidity, Temperature, Pressure, and Matrix Effects

2. Temperature

1. Humidity

Humidity has little effect on most tubes either because the reaction is insensitive to moisture or because drying agents are added to absorb the moisture in a pre-layer (see Figure 4-2). Humidity tends to have the greatest effect on compounds that are highly water-soluble, such

as acids and bases. HF (hydrouoric acid) is a notable example that

requires humidity corrections; water-adsorbing prelayers cannot be used because they tend to be reactive with HF. The humidity effect tends to be greater as the concentration range of the tube is lowered. When correcting for humidity, the CF is multiplied by the reading in addition to multiplying by any temperature correction. Any necessary

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Correction Factors are listed in the individual tube data sheets. Note

that the relative humidity at the measurement temperature denes the

correction, rather than the absolute humidity.

Temperature can affect gas tube readings in at least three ways. First, as the temperature increases, the gas density decreases, causing a tendency for the reading to decrease (see pressure effects described in the next section). Second, as the temperature increases, the reaction rate increases, causing the reading to be sharper and shorter. A third, balancing effect is that adsorption is often a prerequisite for reaction. Adsorption is weaker as temperature increases, and thus the reading can become longer. The interplay of these competing effects results in some stains that are longer with increasing temperature, and others that are shorter.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Figure 4-2. Effect of humidity on gas detection tube readings.

Figure 4-3. Effect of temperature on gas detection tube readings.

Additional factors occur in special cases. For example, pretube or prelayer reactions are sometimes more complete at higher temperatures, causing higher readings in the measurement layer. In some cases, the color of the stain can change. In the water vapor 120-20 tube, the color stain is green at room temperature and a more purple color below room temperature.

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Page 14

3. Pressure

Tubes change color in proportion to the mass of the compounds reaching the reagent (i.e, the absolute concentration). Therefore, as the pressure decreases at higher altitudes, the apparent response is reduced because there are fewer molecules per unit volume sampled. The conventional desired reading is in ppmv (parts per million by volume), which is a relative concentration, such as a mole or volume

fraction (% of molecules of compound per molecules of total gas [air]),

rather than an absolute concentration.

All RAE Systems tubes are calibrated at 1 atmosphere (760 mm Hg) pressure at sea level.

• For tubes calibrated in absolute concentrations such as lbs./MMCF or

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

mg/m3, no pressure corrections are needed.

Example Location Altitude

(km)

Altitude

(feet)

Pressure,

(mm Hg)

San Francisco, CA 0 0 760 1.00 Atlanta, GA 0.3 1000 731 1.04 Spokane, WA 0.6 2000 703 1.08 Rapid City, SD 0.9 3000 676 1.12 Salt Lake City, UT 1.2 4000 650 1.17 Denver, CO 1.5 5000 625 1.22 Colo. Spgs., CO 1.8 6000 601 1.27 Santa Fe, NM 2.1 7000 578 1.32 Alta, UT 2.4 8000 555 1.37 Winter Park, CO 2.7 9000 534 1.42 Keystone, CO 3.0 10000 514 1.48

4. Matrix Gas

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

• For tubes calibrated in relative concentrations (e.g., ppm), correct for

pressure using one of the following equations:

Corrected reading = Observed Reading x 760 mm Hg Pressure (mm Hg)

Corrected reading = Observed Reading x 101.3 kPa Pressure (kPa)

Corrected reading = Observed Reading x 14.7 psia Pressure (psia)

The pressure in mm Hg can be estimated as a function of altitude using the following equation:

P (mm Hg) = 760exp(-0.1286[alt(km)]) below 2 km

Example Correction Factors are listed in the following table as a function of altitude. Weather changes may also affect the atmospheric

pressure, but the necessary corrections are usually <10%.

The matrix gas usually has little or no effect on the tube readings as long as the gas does not chemically react with the tube reagents or measured compound. Thus, readings in air, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, or carbon dioxide give essentially the same results. However,

the viscosity of the gas has a signicant effect on the sampling time.

Thus, for example, the sampling time of the CO 10-102-18 tube is

about half as long in pure hydrogen (viscosity 9.0 μPa-s) as it is in air (viscosity 18.6 μPa-s).

Viscosity

Matrix Gas

Air 18.6 1.00 90 n-Butane 7.5 0.40 36 Propane 8.3 0.45 40 Hydrogen 9.0 0.48 44 Ethane 9.5 0.51 46 Acetylene 10.4 0.56 50 Methane 11.2 0.60 54 Carbon Dioxide 15.0 0.81 73 Nitrogen 17.9 0.96 87 Helium 20.0 1.08 97 Oxygen 20.8 1.12 101 Argon 22.9 1.23 111 Neon 32.1 1.73 155

@ 27°C (μPa-s)

Sampling Time

Relative to Air

Sampling Time for a 90 second Tube (seconds)

At a given viscosity, higher ow rates tend to give longer stains. However,

this is often compensated by higher diffusion rates to the reactive surface

in the less viscous gases, resulting in no signicant effect on the readings.

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Page 15

5. DATA SHEETS FOR GAS DETECTION TUBES

Acetone C3H6O No. 10-111-40

Amines RNH2 (CH3NH2) No. 10-132-10

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min)

0.05 - 1% 0.1 - 2% 0.2 - 4%

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

Correction Factor 0.5

Standard

Range

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.992

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.25 1.15 1.0 0.95

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Orange → Black

Reaction Principle: CH

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance Methyl ethyl ketone 0.6% 0.55% 1.1

Methyl propyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone CO CO

Ethyl Acetate Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Faint black color over entire stain length. Ketones can be distinguished by their

darker stains and sharp endpoints.

COCH3 + Cr(VI) + H2SO4 → Cr(III) + Oxidation Prods.

Concentration

(ppmv)

1.0% 0.65% 1.5

1.0% 0.40% 2.5

1.5% 0 -

2.5% 0 -

5.0% 1.4% brown 3.6 300 0.5% diffuse

1.0% 0.85% diffuse

0.24% entire tube

0.20% entire tube

400 0.3% diffuse

Apparent Reading*

Factor

Other Possible Interferences: Other hydrocarbons.

Range

Corr.

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 - 5 0.5 - 10 1.0 - 20 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1 1 1 Correction Factor 0.5 1.0 2.0

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ±20% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.997

Humidity: No effect 0 - 90% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) @ constant 50%RH.

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 20/68 30/86 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.16 1.10 1.0 0.96 0.96

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5-25°C (40-77°F). Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: Pink → Yellow Reaction Principle: 2RNH

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Ammonia 5 6.0 0.8 Methylamine 10 10* 1.0 Ethylamine 8 7.0 1.1 Allyamine 7.4 8.0 0.93 Diethylamine 5 6.3 0.79 Trimethylamine 4.5 9.8 0.46 Triethylamine 6 9.5 0.63 Methylaziridine (Propylene imine) 5 6.5 0.77 Ethylenediamine 7 2.0 Ethanolamine 36 4.1 Pyridine 10 Over range H2S 100 0 CO 500 0 Isobutylene 100 0 HCl 1000 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pump and tubes used in standard range. This tube is calibrated using methylamine.

Deep purple with yellow stain at endpoint.

†

Slight color change to light pink.

£ Interferes in mixtures.

+ H2SO4 → (RNH3)2SO4

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

†

Correction

Factor

3.5

8.8

Other Possible Interferences: Other bases.

Data SheetS

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Page 16

Ammonia NH3 No. 10-100-05

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 15 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.55 1 2.4

Standard

Range

1 - 30

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: The tubes are calibrated at 50% RH @ 24 °C (75 °F)

% RH < 5% 10% 50% 80% 95%

Corr. Factor 0.8 0.85 1.0 1.0 1.0

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) @ constant 50%RH

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 35/95 Corr. Factor 0.9 0.95 1.0 1.1

Extended

Range

2 – 60

Ammonia NH3 No. 10-100-10

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 50 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1 1 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

5 - 100

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 1.000

Humidity: @ 24 °C (75 °F) The tubes are calibrated at 50% RH.

% RH < 5% 20% 50% 70% 90%

Corr. Factor 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3

Temperature Range: 0 - 35°C (32 - 95°F) @ constant 50% RH

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 24/75 34/93 Corr. Factor 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0

Extended

Range

10 – 200

Data SheetS

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40-77°F). Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: Purple → Beige Reaction Principle: Prelayer reduces humidity effects

3NH

+ H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO4

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

Pyridine 10 15 Diethylamine Hydrazine Methylhydrazine CO CO

H2S Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range. ** These hydrazines can be measured using 2 strokes with a CF of 5.

16000 ppm CO2 reduces the NH3 response by 30% in mixtures, 5000 ppm CO2 reduces

response by 10% in mixtures, and 1000 ppm CO2 has no effect.

20 18 20 2** 20 2.3**

100 0

20000 0#

200 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

Other Possible Interferences: Amines and other bases.

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 3 - 10°C (37 - 50°F). Refrigeration required.

Color Change: Purple → Beige

Reaction Principle: Prelayer reduces humidity effects

+ H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO4

3NH

Cross-sensitivity

Substance

Butylamine 100 Diethylamine CO

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in

Concentration

(ppmv)

250 0

100

100 50000 0 50000 0

200 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

Apparent Reading*

45 60

0 0

standard range. # At 50% RH.

Other Possible Interferences: Amines and other bases.

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Page 17

Ammonia NH3 No. 10-100-12

Ammonia NH3 No. 10-100-15

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 5 - 130 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range 10-260

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 1.000

Humidity: @ 22 °C (72 °F) The tubes are calibrated at 50% RH.

% RH < 5% 10% 50% 70% 90%

Corr. Factor 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) @ constant 50%RH

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 22/72 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 3 - 10°C (37 - 50°F). Refrigeration required.

Color Change: Purple → Beige

Reaction Principle: Prelayer reduces humidity effects

Data SheetS

+ H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO4

3NH

Cross-sensitivity:

Substance

Butylamine 200 Diethylamine CO H

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in

# At 50% RH.

Concentration

(ppmv)

200

250 0

100

100 50000 0 50000 0

200 0 100 0

100 0 100 0

Apparent Reading*

200 260

0 0

standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: Amines and other bases.

Extended

Range

20 - 520

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 12 - 250 25 - 500 50 - 1000 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1 1 1 Correction Factor 0.56 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.998

Humidity: No effect at 10 - 90% RH. At <5% RH multiply the reading by 0.8.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) @ constant 50%RH.

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 24/75 40/104

Corr. Factor 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 3 - 10°C (37 - 50°F). Refrigeration required.

Color Change: Purple → Beige

Reaction Principle: Prelayer reduces humidity effects

3NH3 + H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Butylamine 300 Diethylamine CO CO

NO2 CH

Hexane Toluene Isobutylene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

At 50% RH. ‡Reduces reading in mixtures

Concentration

(ppmv)

100

250 0

50000 0

250 0

500

200 0

25000 0

1500 0

200 0

5000 0

Apparent Reading*

200

‡

Other Possible Interferences: Amines and other bases.

Data SheetS

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Page 18

Ammonia NH3 No. 10-100-40

Benzene Specic C

No. 10-101-01

6H6

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 7.5% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

1 - 15%

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: 85% RH reduces the reading by about 25% compared to dry air

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Orange → Deep Purple

Reaction Principle: 3NH

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

CO 3000 0

Data SheetS

NO Hexane Isobutylene CH

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

+ H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO

Concentration

(ppmv)

100000 0

200 0

100 0

1000 0

25000 0

Apparent Reading*

Other Possible Interferences: Amines and other bases

Range

2 - 30%

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 - 5 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

6 3 1

600 300 100

6 x 3 3 x 3 3

0.27 1 4

Standard

Range

0.5-10

Extended

Range

1.5 - 30

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Humidity: No effect 0 - 95% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 2.7 1.6 1.0 0.6

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Brown

Reaction Principle: Pretube removes interferences

+ CH2O → diphenylmethane + H2O

6H6

→ p-quinoid products

2S2O7

Apparent Reading*

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

diphenylmethane + H

Concentration

(ppmv)

Isobutylene 100 0 n-Hexane 500

0 n-Heptane 100 0 Toluene 100 0

m-Xylene 50 0 m-Xylene 100 5

25000 0 CO 10 0 H2S 25 0

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Hexane above 100 ppm will reduce the benzene response.

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Hydrocarbons and similar reducing gases.

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Page 19

Benzene Specic C

No. 10-101-10

6H6

1,3-Butadiene CH2=CHCH=CH2 No. 10 -13 5 - 04

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 20 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

10 5 1

1000 500 100

10 x 3 5 x 3 3

0.5 1 5

Standard

Range

5 - 40

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 12%

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Light Brown

Reaction Principle: Pretube removes interferences

+ I2O5 + H2S2O7 → I2 + oxidation products

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

6H6

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

Isobutylene 100 ~2 (faint) n-Hexane n-Octane Toluene m-Xylene

β-Pinene

CO H2S

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard Range.

#With 10 strokes, toluene and xylene at 50 ppm read 2 ppm and 100 ppm

octane reads ≤2 ppm.

10 0

100 0

35 0 50 0

50 ~2 (very faint) 10 7 25 0

Other Data: Without the pretube the readings are 30% higher.

Extended

Range

25 - 200

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 0.25-2.5 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 2 2 x 2 2

0.43 1 2.4

Standard

Range

0.5-5

Extended

Range

1-10

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 15% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r2 >0.998 Humidity Range: no effect 0 - 90% RH. Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 20/68 30/86 40/104

Corr. Factor 1.5 1.15 1.0 0.85 0.8

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness below 10°C (50°F). Refrigeration required.

Color Change: Pink → White

Reaction Principle: CH

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Isobutylene 5 4.4 Ethylene 10 0** Hexane 100 0 Toluene 100 0 CH

CO 400 0

S 30 0

NO 8 1.9 NO

HCN 10 0

*Data based on RAE pumps and tubes used in standard range. ** The entire tube changes to very light pink, no boundary.

=CHCH=CH2 + KMnO2 → Oxidation products

Concentration

(ppmv)

75000 0

4000 0

5 0.5

10 0.5 50 0

Apparent Reading*

Caution: Dispose of spent or expired tubes according to local regulations. Possibly hazardous materials are given under the section Reaction Principle.

Data SheetS

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Page 20

Benzene C

No. 10-101-20

6H6

n-Butane n-C4H10 No. 10-137-30

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 50 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

5 - 100

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.992

Humidity: No effect 5 - 95% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 21/70 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Light Brown

Reaction Principle: C

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

+ I2O5 + H2S2O7 → I2 + oxidation products

6H6

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent

Reading* CO 50 40 CO

NO NH

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene o-Xylene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

50000 0

50 20 100 40 100 0

25000 0

10 0

50 >100 100 10 100 20

50 3

Extended

Range

10 - 200

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 12.5– 700 25 - 1400 50 - 2800 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 2.5 2.5 2 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

>0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F).

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow-Orange → Brown (greenish)

Reaction Principle: C

+ K2Cr2O

4H10

Cross-sensitivity: Substance CH

Propane 500 Isobutane 100 Isobutylene 1500 n-Pentane 200 n-Hexane 1500 CO 500 H

S 500

Ethanol 1000 Acetone 1000 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1000

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range. #

Propane gives light brown reading with very indistinct endpoint, butane gives moderately

sharp endpoint, and pentane and hexane give sharp endpoints.

+ H2SO4 → Cr(III) + Oxidation Products

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

25000 0 -

~650

(l.brown)

20 ~5

~15 ~100

80 (green)

530 (green)

0 -

90 5.6

~3 >300 ~9 >100 ~8 >100

Correction

Factor

~0.8

2.5

2.8

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Hydrocarbons and similar reducing gases.

Other Possible Interferences: Other hydrocarbons

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Page 21

Carbon Dioxide CO2 No. 10-104-30

Carbon Dioxide CO2 No. 10-104-40

Extended

Range

Standard

Range Range 150 - 2500 300 - 5000 600 - 10000 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 2 2 1.5 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2.3

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.993

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 21/70 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.90 0.95 1.0 0.95

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Purple

Reaction Principle: CO

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ H2NNH2 → H2NNHCO2H (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 SO

NO NH

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

2050 500

200 ~50 100 0

50,000 0

2000 0 1500 0

100 0 400 0

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases. Ammonia interferes in mixtures.

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

Range 0.025 - 0.5% No. of Pump Strokes 2 Sample Volume (mL) 200 Sample Time (min) 2 x 2 Correction Factor 0.5

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

0.05 - 1% 0.1 - 2%

1 0.5

100 50

2 1.5 1 2.3

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.994

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 21/70 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.75

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Purple

Reaction Principle: CO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ H2NNH2 → H2NNHCO2H (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 SO

10 0.1% NO 100 0 NH CH

10% 0

2.5% 0

H2S 0.5% 0.1% Hexane 1200 0 Isobutylene 100 0 Benzene 100 0 Toluene 400 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases. Ammonia interferes in mixtures.

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Page 22

Carbon Dioxide CO2 No. 10-104-45

Carbon Dioxide CO2 No. 10-104-50

Extended

Range Range 0.125 - 1.5% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

200

2 x 2

0.5

Standard

Range

0.25 - 3%

1 0.5

100 50

2 1.5 1 2.3

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 23/73 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.85 0.95 1.0 1.05

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Purple

Reaction Principle: CO

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance CO 1.5% SO

NO NH

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

+ H2NNH2 → H2NNHCO2H (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

5% 2.5%

200 0 100 0

5% 0

2.5% 0

2000 0 1500 0

400 0

Extended

Range

0.5 - 6%

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 - 5% 0.5 - 10% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.25 0.5 1

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

1 - 20%

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

≥ 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Purple

Reaction Principle: CO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ H2NNH2 → H2NNHCO2H (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0

200 0

NO 100 0

S 100 0

300 0

25000 0

Hexane 1200 0

Isobutylene 100 0

Toluene 100 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases. Ammonia interferes in mixtures.

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Page 23

Carbon Dioxide CO2 No. 10-104-60

Carbon Monoxide CO No. 10-102-18

(Selective)

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 1.25 - 10% 2.5 - 20% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.33 0.6 1

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 10%

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Purple

Reaction Principle: CO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance CO SO

Data SheetS

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

+ H2NNH2 → H2NNHCO2H (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

40000

Apparent Reading*

4000 0.5

100 0

500 0 25000 0 10000 0

1200 0

100 0

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases

Standard

Range

5 - 40%

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 50 5 - 100 15 - 300 No. of Pump Strokes 6 3 1 Sample Volume (mL) 600 300 100 Sample Time (min) 6 x 2 3 x 2 2 Correction Factor 0.5 1 3.0

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±15%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

=0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Light Brown

Reaction Principle: Prelayer removes most interferences

+ H2S2O7 → I2 + CO2 + sulfur products

2O5

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

100% 0

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

5CO + I

NO 100 0 H2S 50 0 NH CH

300 0

25000 0 Hexane 100 12 Isobutylene 100 0 Toluene 100 0 Trichloroethylene 25 16

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range. **Very light blue.

Other Possible Interferences: Other hydrocarbons; most organic vapor interferences

are eliminated by the pretreatment layer. An additional charcoal lter tube (p/n 025-

2000-010) can be used to further reduce cross-sensitivity by organic vapors. Can be used to measure CO in pure hydrogen.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 24

Carbon Monoxide CO No. 10-102-20

Carbon Monoxide CO No. 10-102-30

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 50 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

5 - 100

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

>0.99

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104

Corr. Factor 0.80 0.83 1.0 1.15

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Light Brown Ring

Reaction Principle: 5CO + I

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance NO

Hexane

Isobutylene

Toluene

Trichloroethylene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

+ H2S2O7 → I2 + CO2 + sulfur products

2O5

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

200 0 100 0

300 0

25000 0

100 0

25 20 (v faint)

Other Possible Interferences: Most hydrocarbon interferences are eliminated in the pretreatment layer. Can be used to measure CO in pure hydrogen.

Range

10 - 200

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 10-250 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

20 - 500

Extended

Range

40 - 1000

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±15% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999 Humidity: No effect 5 - 95% RH. Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Light Brown Reaction Principle: Prelayer removes most interferences

5CO + I

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ H2S2O7 → I2 + CO2 + sulfur products

2O5

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

NO 200 0

Hexane

Isobutylene

Toluene

Trichloroethylene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range. ** Very light green.

100 0

300 0

25000 0

100 0

400 18

100 0

25 15**

Other Possible Interferences: Hydrocarbons and similar reducing gases. Most organic vapor interferences are eliminated by the pretreatment layer and can be further removed using a pretreatment tube such as p/n 025-2000-010 VOC zeroing tube. Methane does not interfere in mixtures.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 25

Carbon Monoxide CO No. 10-102-45

Chlorine Cl2 No. 10-106-10

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range 0.1 - 2% 0.2 - 4% 0.4 - 8% No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1.5 1.5 1 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2.0

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Dark Brown

Reaction Principle: 5CO + I

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S 100 0

Data SheetS

+ H2S2O7 → I2 + CO2 + sulfur products

2O5

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

300 0

25000 0

Hexane 600 0.4%

Hexane 1200 1.2%

Isobutylene 100 0

Toluene 100 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: Hydrocarbons and similar reducing gases. An

additional charcoal lter tube (p/n 025-2000-010) can be used to reduce cross-

sensitivity by organic vapors. Methane does not interfere in mixtures.

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 - 4 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2.5 2.5 2

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

0.5 - 8

Extended

Range

1.0 - 16

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.99

Humidity: No data

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 18/70 40/104

Corr. Factor ND ND 1.0 ND

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: Cl

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

ClO

Isobutylene

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Interferes in mixtures

+ o-Tolidine → Yellow colored product + HCl

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

1 2

15000 0

50000 0

5 7

25000 0

250 0

2000 0

Other Possible Interferences: Other oxidizing gases.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 26

Chlorine Cl2 No. 10-106-20

Chlorine Dioxide ClO2 No. 10-130-10

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 - 50 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

5 - 100

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 0-90% RH

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Orange

Reaction Principle: Cl

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

ClO

Data SheetS

Hexane

Isobutylene

Toluene

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

+ o-Tolidine → Orange colored product + HCl

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

10 9

250 0

50000 0

100 5

100 0

25000 0

10 0

2000 0

100 0

Range

10 - 200

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.05 - 2 0.25 - 15 0.5-30 No. of Pump Strokes 5 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 500 100 50 Sample Time (min) 5 x 2 2 1 Correction Factor 0.19 1 2.1

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Humidity: No effect 10-90% RH

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: ClO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ o-Tolidine → Yellow colored product

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

10 6 NO 25 2 NO NH CH

5 11 50000 0 10000 0

HCl 1000 0 H2S 2000 0 CO 500 0 CO

15000 0

Isobutylene 2000 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: Bromine

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Other oxidizing gases.

www.raesystems.com

Page 27

Diesel & Jet Fuel No. 10-143-10

Diesel & Jet Fuel (continued) No. 10-143-10

Range (ppmv)

No. of Pump Strokes

Sample Volume (mL)

Sample Time (min)

Correction Factor

Extended

Range

Do not extend

Standard

Range

0.5 - 25

400

4 x 1.5

Extended

Do not extend

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20% for undecane

Humidity: 0 - 95%RH

% RH <5% 30% 50% 80% 95%

Corr. Factor 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 20/68 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.9 1.3 1.0 0.8

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Data SheetS

Color Change: White → Brown-green Ring

Reaction Principle: CnHm + I2O5 + H2S2O7 → I

(Over-Range: White → Pale Yellow)

+ Oxidation Products

Continued on next page

Range

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Undecane (C11H24) 25 25 1.0#

Diesel, whole (Automotive or Marine)

Diesel vapors

JP-5, whole (kerosene)

JP-8, whole (kerosene) †

Gasoline, whole

Butane

Propane

Hexane

Octane

Benzene

Toluene

Xylene

Styrene

Ethanol

Isopropanol

Acetone

Concentration

(ppmv)

50 20 2.5

10 ~20 ~0.4

25 22 1.1

10 11.5 0.87†

25 10 2.5

10000 0 -

10 10 1.0

25000 0 -

60 0 -

25 0 -

100 0 -

25 0.5** ~50

5 10 0.5

25 1** ~25

25 0.5** ~50

25 0.5 ~50

20 0.4 ~50

2000 0 -

200 0 -

50 0 -

Apparent Reading*

Correction

Factor

Data SheetS

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Calibrated to undecane.

** Very faint brown stain.

†

Can use 1 stroke @ CF =7.2 or 2 strokes @ CF = 2.5.

Other Possible Interferences: No response to 50 ppm HCl, or 100 ppm SO

www.raesystems.com

, NH3, or NO2.

Page 28

Ethanol C2H5OH No. 10-141-30

Ethanol C2H5OH (continued) No. 10-141-30

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 50-200 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

This CF only applies between 50-200 ppm; for higher concentrations use one stroke.

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r2 = 0.87

2 1

200 100 Do not extend

2 x 3 3

0.5

Standard

Range

100 - 2000

Data SheetS

Extended

Range

Cross-sensitivity: Substance Methanol 1000 1000 1.0

Isopropanol

tert-Butanol

Methyl mercaptan

Benzene

n-Hexane

Ethyl acetate

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

** Faint brown color over entire tube, but no effect on ethanol reading.

Other Possible Interferences: Other alcohols and mercaptans.

Concentration

(ppmv)

1000 750 1.3

1000 1300 0.77

500 300 1.7

100 0 -

25000 0 -

5000 0 -

1000 0 -

400 0 -

100 130 0.77

100 0 -

1000 0** -

Apparent Reading*

Correction

Factor

Data SheetS

True concentration (ppm)

Humidity: No effect 0-95% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Orange Yellow → Pale Green

Reaction Principle: C

OH + Cr(VI) + H2SO4 → Cr(III) + Oxidation Products

2H5

Continued on next page

www.raesystems.com

Page 29

Formaldehyde HCHO No. 10-121-05

Gasoline CnHm No. 10-138-30

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.1 - 5 0.8 - 40 No. of Pump Strokes 5 1 Sample Volume (mL) Do not extend 500 100 Sample Time (min) 5 x 2 2 Correction Factor 1 7.5

Standard

Range

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

> 0.995

Humidity: 0 - 95% RH

% RH <5% 30% 50% 80%

Corr. Factor 1.0 0.85 0.8 0.75

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 20/68 30/86 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 °C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Reddish brown

Reaction Principle: 3HCHO + (NH

+ Base → Phosphate (dye color change)

3PO4

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Acetaldehyde 3 3 Propionaldehyde 3 3 Acetone 3 Entire tube Methyl ethyl ketone 3 Entire tube CH

CO 500 0 CO

S 100 0

Hexane 2000 0 Toluene 100 0 Isobutylene 100 0.5 Isopropanol 2000 0 Phenol 25 0 Styrene 20 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Faint brown color over entire stain length. 100 ppm gives stronger color.

Note: In dry air the background color may change: read only reddish-brown color.

OH)3 • H3PO4 → H3PO4 + 3H2C=NOH + 3H2O

Concentration

(ppmv)

25000 0

1000 0

100 0

Apparent

Reading*

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 15 - 500 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 2 2 x 2 2

0.45 1 2.5

Standard

Range

30 - 1000

Extended

Range

60 - 2000

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 95% RH.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 22/72 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.6 1.24 1.0 0.83

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C(40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Orange → Dark Green

Reaction Principle: Prelayer removes humidity

+ K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → Cr3+ + Oxidation Products

nHm

Cross-sensitivity: Substance CH

CO H2S SO

Acetone Ethanol Butane Isopar L Toluene Benzene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Note:

The tube is calibrated using heptane as a standard for gasoline.

Concentration

(ppmv)

25000 0

500 0 100 30

500 0 1000 20 1000 20 1000 Entire tube

500 115

200 80

500 900

Apparent Reading*

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 30

Total Hydrocarbons HC No. 10-110-30

Hydrogen Chloride HCl No. 10-108-09

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range (ppmv) 25 - 500 50 - 1000 100-2000 No. of Pump Strokes 4 2 1 Sample Volume (mL) 400 200 100 Sample Time (min) 4 x 2 2 x 2 2 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.994

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.85

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow-Orange → Green

Reaction Principle: HC + Cr(VI) + H2SO4 → Cr(III) + Oxidation Products

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading* Corr.

Factor

Methane 25000 0 Ethylene 100 165 0.6

Data SheetS

Propane 100 Entire tube faint Isobutane 100 100 1.0 n-Pentane 500 700 0.7 n-Hexane 1200 870 1.4 n-Heptane 1000 525 1.9 n-Octane 400 103 3.9 n-Decane 1000 500 2.0 Benzene 500 Unclear endpoint Toluene 1000 110 9 Xylene 1000 60 17 Isobutylene 1000 20 50 Acetone 10000 60 170 Isopropanol 1000 <20 >50 Ethyl Acetate 1000 <20 >50 H2S 1000 250 4.0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: No response to 3000 ppm CO, 300 ppm NH3, or 200 ppm SO2.

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 10 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50 2 x 1 1 0.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

1 - 20

Extended

Range

2 - 40

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: Must be used @ <5% RH. Reading drops sharply above 5% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) at <5%RH.

Storage Life: 2 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Pink

Reaction Principle: HCl + Base → Chloride Salt + H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

CO CO

NO NO

HF Cl

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: Other acid vapors; amines and other bases.

Concentration

(ppmv) 15,000 0

8,000 0

800 0 200 0 100 0 200 20 100 0

25 15 10 0

25,000 0

2400 0

400 0

Apparent

Reading*

O (dye color change)

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 31

Hydrogen Chloride HCl No.10-108-10

Hydrogen Chloride HCl No. 10-108-22

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 10

Standard

Range

1 - 20 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1 1 0.5 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: Calibrated at 50% RH and 23 °C (73 °F).

% Relative Humidity < 5% 30% 50% 70% 90%

Correction Factor @ 10 ppmv 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 2.7

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) at <5% RH. Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: Yellow → Pink Reaction Principle: Pretube reduces humidity

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

O (dye color change)

CO 15,000 0 CO

8,000 0 H2S 800 0 SO

200 0

NO 100 0 NO

200 20

100 0^ HF 25 15 Cl CH

10 >20

25,000 0 Hexane 2400 0 Toluene 400 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range. ^Interferes in mixtures

Other Possible Interferences: Other acid vapors; amines and other bases.

Extended

Range

2 - 40

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 10-250 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1.0

0.5 1 2.0

Standard

Range

20-500

Extended

Range

40-1000

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

> 0.995

Humidity: No effect 5-95% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F); at -20°C, the response

is reduced by about 5%.

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 °C (40°F). Refrigeration required.

Color Change: Yellow → Red

Reaction Principle: HCl + Base

Cross-sensitivity: Substance CH

CO CO

NO NO

HF Cl

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

→ Chloride (dye color change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

25000 0

500 0

1000 0

100 0

1000 0

200 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

200 0 2000 0 2000 0

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 32

Hydrogen Cyanide HCN No. 10-126-10

Hydrogen Fluoride HF No. 10-105-10

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 1.25 - 30 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 2.5 2 x 2.5 2.5

0.4 1 2

Standard

Range

2.5 - 60

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r2 >0.999

Humidity: 5% - 95%RH

% Relative Humidity < 5% 10% 50% 95%

Correction Factor @ 10 ppmv 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4

Temperature Range: No effect 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Red (ignore light orange color formed in clean air)

Reaction Principle: 2HCN + HgCl

→ Hg(CN)2 + 2HCl

HCl + Base → Chloride Salt + H2O (dye color change)

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

HCl SO

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Measured in dry gas; at >20% RH, no response is observed by these gases.

Concentration

(ppmv)

2000 0

25000 0

300 0 100 <1 100 <1

20 20 50 0

5000 0

Apparent Reading*

Note: A light orange color may form when drawing in air with no HCN present. This color can be ignored and does not affect true HCN readings, which form a bright pinkish-red color. The color boundary is sharp in ambient, humid air and somewhat diffuse in very dry air.

Range

5 - 120

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 - 10 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

8 4 2

800 400 200

8 x 0.5 4 x 0.5 2 x 0.5

0.4 1 1.6

Standard

Range

0.5 - 20

Extended

Range

1 - 40

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.98

Humidity: Calibrated at 50% RH and 23°C (73°F).

% Relative Humidity 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Correction Factor 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.6

Temperature Range: No effect 10 - 30°C (50 - 86°F) at constant 41% RH.

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration Preferred.

Color Change: Beige → Purple

Reaction Principle: HF + NaOH → NaF + H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent

Reading*

CO 250 0 CO

HCl Cl

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Pink color over entire tube length.

^ May interfere in mixtures.

50000 0

300 0^ 100 0 800 0 200 0

25000 0

4 entire tube

15 entire tube

Other Possible Interferences: Other acid vapors; amines and other bases. No

effect of 100 ppm toluene or 2400 ppm hexane.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 33

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-04

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-05

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.1 - 1.5 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

0.2 - 3

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: Tubes must be used @ <5% RH. Reading drops sharply above 5% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F).

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Pale orange → Pink

Reaction Principle: H2S + HgCl2 → Mercury sulde product + HCl

HCl + Base → Chloride Salt + H2O (dye color change)

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

Methyl mercaptan 2 0.4 Butyl mercaptan NH

CO Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

^ Reduces response when mixed with H

2 0.3

100 0

5 0 100 0 100 0 250 0 100 0 100 0^ 100 0

Other Possible Interferences: HCl and other acids and bases.

Extended

Range

0.4 - 6

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.1 - 1.5 0.2 - 3 0.4 - 6 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 2 2 1 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect between 5 - 90% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F).

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Pale orange → Pink

Reaction Principle: Pretube eliminates humidity

S + HgCl2 → Mercury sulde product + HCl

HCl + Base → Chloride Salt + H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Methyl mercaptan 3 0 Butyl mercaptan 3 0 NH NO SO CS

100 0

5 0 100 0 100 0

O (dye color change)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 Hexane 100 0 Isobutylene 100 0^ Toluene 100 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Interferes at higher concentrations.

^ Reduces response when mixed with H2S.

Other Possible Interferences: Acids and bases.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 34

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-06

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-10

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.25 – 1.75 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.25 0.5 1

Extended

Range

0.5 – 3.5

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Humidity: Tubes must be used @ <5% RH. Reading drops sharply above 5% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F).

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Pale orange → Pink

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity:

Substance Methyl mercaptan 2 0.2

Data SheetS

Butyl mercaptan NH

CO Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Forms orange color over entire tube but pink H2S reading is unaffected in mixtures.

^ Reduces response when mixed with H2S.

S + HgCl2 → Mercury sulde product + HCl

HCl + Base → Chloride Salt + H

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

2 0.15

100 0

5 0

100 0

2000 0

100 0 250 0 100 0 100 0^ 100 0

O (dye color change)

Other Possible Interferences: HCl and other acids and bases.

Standard

Range

1 - 7

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 1.25 - 30 2.5 - 60 5 - 120 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1.5 1.5 1 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.998 Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104

Corr. Factor 0.95 0.95 1.0 1.2

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: White → Light Brown Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S + Pb(OAc)2 → PbS + 2HOAc

Concentration

(ppmv)

100% 0^

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 CH

Methyl mercaptan 100 0

25000 0

300 0 200 0

20 0

1800 0

100 0

‡

†

Diethyl sulde 100 0 Hexane 100 0 Isobutylene 100 0^ Toluene 100 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range. ^ No effect in mixtures.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient light brown H2S response.

†

Interferes in mixtures; high SO

Concentrations in the high % range leave a yellow color over the entire tube.

concentrations suppress H

S response.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 35

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-12

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-15

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 0 - 75 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range 0 - 150

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 24/75 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.88 0.96 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Brown

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

S + Pb(OAc)2 → PbS + 2HOAc

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 CH

Methyl mercaptan

Diethyl sulde

Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient light brown H2S response.

No effect in mixtures. Concentrations in the high % range leave a yellow color over the

entire tube.

25000 0

100 0 200 0 100 0

1000 0

100 0 100 0 100 0

‡

Extended

Range

0 - 300

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 5 - 60 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

10 - 120

Extended

Range

20 - 240

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 24/75 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.88 0.96 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Brown

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S + Pb(OAc)2 → PbS + 2HOAc

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 CH

Methyl mercaptan

Diethyl sulde

Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient light brown H2S response.

No effect in mixtures. Concentrations in the high % range leave a yellow color over the

entire tube.

25000 0

100 0 200 0 100 0

1000 0

100 0 100 0 100 0

‡

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 36

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-18

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-20

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Range (ppmv) 12.5 - 125 25 - 250 50 - 500 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1 1 1 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 23/73 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Brown

Reaction Principle: H2S + Pb(OAc)2 → PbS + 2HOAc

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 CH

Methyl mercaptan

Diethyl sulde

Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient brown H2S response.

Concentrations in the high % range leave a yellow color over the entire tube.

25000 0

100 0 200 0 100 0 500 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

‡

Extended

Range

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 25 - 400

No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

50 - 800

Extended

Range

100 - 1600

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.989

Humidity: 80% RH reduces the reading by about 10% compared to dry air

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Dark Brown

Reaction Principle: H2S + Pb(OAc)2 → PbS + 2HOAc

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 CH

Methyl mercaptan

Diethyl sulde

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient brown H2S response.

25000 0

300 0 200 0

20 0 100 0 500 <50

1000 0

100 0 100 0 100 0

‡

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 37

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-30

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-40

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 50 - 1000 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

100 - 2000

200 - 4000

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.88 0.93 1.0 1.2

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Black

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Data SheetS

S + Pb(OAc)2 → PbS + 2HOAc

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent

Reading*

CO 250 0 CH

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient brown H2S response.

25000 0

300 0 200 0

20 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

‡

Other Possible Interferences: No response to mercaptans and suldes.

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.05 - 1% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

0.1 - 2%

Extended

Range

0.2 - 4%

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.998

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 18/64 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Light Blue → Black

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S + CuSO4 → CuS + H2SO

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CH

NO NO

Methyl mercaptan

Diethyl sulde

Isobutylene Toluene Hexane

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Concentrations in the high % range leave a yellow color over the entire tube.

25000 0

100 0 200 0 300 0

20 0

0.1% 0.1%

1000 0

100 0 100 0

1200 0

Other Possible Interferences: High Concentrations of ammonia; NO2 in mixtures.

No response to CS2.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 38

Hydrogen Sulde H

S No. 10-103-50

Mercaptans RSH No. 10-129-20

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 10% 1 - 20% 2 - 40% No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1.5 1.5 1.5 Correction Factor 0.25 0.5 1

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 18/64 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.75 1.0 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Light Blue → Black

Reaction Principle: H

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S + CuSO4 → CuS + H2SO

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 250 0 CO

NO NH

Isobutylene Hexane Benzene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

5% 0

100 0

10% 3.5% (blue)

2.5% 0

10 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

Other Possible Interferences: Mercaptans. No response to suldes.

Note: Time measurement to exactly 2 minutes for best accuracy.

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 60 5 - 120 10 - 240 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 2.0 2.0 1.0 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2.1

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect between 5 - 90% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: 2RSH + PdSO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S 500 0

Diethyl sulde

Ethyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan Butyl mercaptan Acetylene Ethylene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Up to 500 ppm H2S is trapped in the pretreatment layer.

Gray through the entire tube, will not affect RSH reading in mixtures.

Interferes in mixtures; may result in high response.

Pale brown through the entire tube, will not affect RSH reading in mixtures.

Light peach through the entire tube, will not affect RSH reading in mixtures.

→ (RS)2Pd + H2SO

Concentration

(ppmv)

500 0

5000 30

Apparent Reading*

60 60 1.0 60 60 1.0

60 29 2.0 2000 0 2000 0

Corr.

Factor

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 39

Methyl Bromide CH3Br No. 10-131-10

Methyl Bromide CH3Br No. 10-131-30

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5-9 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 3 2 x 3 3

0.48 1.0 2.1

Standard

Range

1-18

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.997 Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/40 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.95

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: White → Orange

Reaction Principle: Pre-tube : C H

Measurement Tube: Br2 + indicator dye → Orange product

Data SheetS

Cross-sensitivity: Substance Tetrachloroethylene 200 13

Trichloroethylene Vinylidene Chloride Vinyl Chloride 3-Chloro-2-Methylpropene 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1,1- Trichloroethane

NO NO

CO CO

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: No response to 500 ppm propane, 100 ppm isobutylene or

1200 ppm hexane.

Br + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → Br2 + Other Prods

Concentration

(ppmv)

100 4 200 47 200 5 200 4 200 0

50 4.5

10 21 500 0.6 570 1.0

25000 0

500 0

5000 0

Apparent Reading*

Range

2-36

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 10-150 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 2 x 0.5

0.43 1 2.2

Standard

Range

20-300

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 15% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: 0.999 Humidity: No effect 0 - 90% RH Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 20/68 30/86 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at <10°C. Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: White → Orange-yellow

Reaction Principle: Pretube: 2CH Measurement Tube: Br

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

1,2-Dibromoethane 300 600 1,3-Dibromopropane 600 700 1,1,1-Tric h l oroe t hane 300 30 Trichloroethylene 80 15 Cl

Ethanol 10000 0 Ethyl acetate 10000 0 Acetone 10000 0 CH

CO 500 0 H

S 500 0

NO 460 0 NO

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Br + I2O5 + H2S2O7 → Br2

+ o-Tolidine → Orange-yellow product

Concentration

(ppmv)

80 63

25000 0

5000 0

100 0

110 0

Apparent Reading*

Extended

Range

40-600

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 40

Methyl Ethyl Ketone C4H8O No. 10-113-20

Nitric Acid HNO3 No. 10-146-20

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 0.01 - 0.3% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

6 3 1

600 300 100

6 x 2 3 x 2 2

0.5 1 3

Standard

Range

0.02 - 0.6%

Extended

Range

0.06 - 1.8%

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.996

Humidity: 85% RH increases the response by 15% compared to dry gas.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.7

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Orange → Black Reaction Principle: CH

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Data SheetS

Acetone 0.4% 0.5% 0.8

Methyl propyl ketone 1.0% 0.7% 1.4

Methyl isobutyl ketone 1.0% 0.49% 2.0 CO 1.5% 0 CO

H2S 250 0.2% diffuse

Ethyl Acetate 1.0% >0.3% diffuse

Hexane 0.24% entire tube

Isobutylene 0.20% 0.5% 0.4

Toluene 400 0.3% diffuse

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

# Faint black color. Ketones can be distinguished by their darker stains and sharp endpoints.

COCH2CH3 + Cr(VI) + H2SO4 → Cr(III) + Oxidation Prods.

Concentration

(ppmv)

1.5% 0 -

2.5% 0 -

5.0% >0.3% brown -

Apparent Reading*

Factor

Other Possible Interferences: Other hydrocarbons.

Corr.

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0. 5 -10 1-20 2- 40 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1 1 0.5 Correction Factor 0.46 1 2.1

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤ ± 20% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.98

Humidity Range: 0 - 90% RH. Calibrated at 50% RH and 20°C (68°F)

% Relative Humidity 0% 30% 50% 70% 80% 90%

Correction Factor 0.7 0.8 1.0 1. 3 1.8 1.9

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp(°C/°F) 0/32 10/5 0 20/68 30/86 40/104 Corr. Factor 1. 3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: Orange → Black Reaction Principle: CH

Cross-sensitivity: Substance Concentration (ppmv) Apparent Reading*

HCl 10 14

HF 10 7

Acetic Acid saturated ≤2 (v. pale)

CO 250 0

NO 100 0

H2S 60 0

HCN 60 0

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

HNO3 + Base → Dye color change

5 13

50000 0

25000 0

60 0

200 0

Other Possible Interferences: Other acids may give a positive response and

bases may give a negative response in mixtures. Headspace from 85% H

and H

give ≤1 ppm response because of their low volatility.

2SO4

3PO4

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 41

Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 No. 10-117-10

Nitrogen Oxides NOX No. 10-109-20

(Separate Quantication)

Range (ppmv) No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

Extended

Range

Do Not Extend

Standard

Range

0.5-30 1

100

1.5 1

Extended

Range

Do Not Extend

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: Non-linear, do not extend

Humidity: No effect between 0-90%RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: NO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ o-Tolidine → Nitrated yellow product

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CO SO CH H

Data SheetS

Acetone Benzene n-Hexane Isobutylene Toluene Cl

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Cl2 results in light yellow stain.

NO results in orange stain.

200000 0

200 0

25000 0

100 0

10000 0

5 0 100 0 100 0 100 0

50 Entire tube

500 1

Other Possible Interferences: Reducing gases.

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 25 1-50 2-100 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 3 3 2.5 Correction Factor 0.5 1 2

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.997

Humidity: 100% RH reduces the response by about 20% vs. dry air

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: NO + CrO

+ o-Tolidine → Nitrated yellow product Meas. tube

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ H2SO4 → NO2 Pre-tube

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CO

Acetone

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

10% 0

200 0

25000 0

100 0

10000 0

Other Possible Interferences: Reducing gases. No response to 5 ppm benzene.

No response to 1200 ppm hexane, 100 ppm isobutylene, or 100 ppm toluene.

Separate Quantication: Sampling without the pre-tube gives NO2 only. Using

the pre-tube gives the sum of NO + NO2. NO can be obtained by difference.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 42

Ozone O

No. 10-133-03

Phenol C6H5OH No. 10-139-05

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv)

Standard

Range

0.05 – 0.6 No. of Pump Strokes 5 1 Sample Volume (mL) Do not extend 500 100 Sample Time (min) 5 x 2 2 Correction Factor 1 3

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.990

Humidity: Calibration is based on approximately 50% relative humidity.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 20/68 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.74 1.0 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Blue → White

Reaction Principle: 2O

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance Cl

ClO

+ C16H10N2O

→ 2C8H5NO

Concentration

(ppmv)

<10 0

≥10 ~0.1

1 entire tube#

+ 2O

Apparent Reading*

CO 100 0 CO CH SO

10,000 0 70,000 0

100 0 H2S 120 0 NO 5 0 NO

1 0

Isobutylene 100 0

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Slight discoloration and unclear demarcation.

Other Possible Interferences: Bromine and other oxidants.

Extended

Range

0.15 – 1.8

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 0.5 - 11 No. of Pump Strokes

Sample Volume (mL)

Sample Time (min)

Correction Factor

4 2 1 0.5

400 200 100 50

4 x 1.5 2 x 1.5 1.5 1.0

0.45 1 2.4 7.2

Standard

Range

1 - 25

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

2.4 - 60 7 - 180

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.996

Humidity:

% Relative Humidity 10% 30% 50% 90%

Correction Factor 1.0 1.25 1.6 1.8

True concentration (ppm)

Temperature Range: 10 - 40°C (50 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1.5 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Pale Yellow → Gray

Reaction Principle: C6H5OH + Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 → Cerium-Phenol complex

Continued on next page

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 43

Phenol C6H5OH (continued) No. 10-139-05

Phosphine PH3 No. 10-116-10

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

H2S 100 0

Formaldehyde (HCHO)

Acetone

Isopropanol

Isobutylene

n-Hexane

Benzene

Toluene

Styrene

Concentration

(ppmv)

500 0

400 0

200 0

25000 0

5000 0

500 0

2000 0

100 0

2000 0

Apparent Reading*

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Data SheetS

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 25 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 1.5 2 x 1.5 1.5

0.5 1 1.7

Standard

Range

5 - 50

Extended

Range

10 - 100

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.997

Humidity: No effect 5 - 90% RH.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.85 0.90 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: 2PH3 + 6HgCl2 + 3H2O → Hg3P2•3HgCl2•3H2O + 6HCl

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

S 50 28 (l. brown)

NO NH

CO CO

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Concentration

(ppmv)

200 0 100 0 100 0

100 0 50000 0 25000 0

1500 0

100 0

Apparent Reading*

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Strongly reducing gases.

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Page 44

Phosphine PH3 No. 10-116-20

Phosphine PH

No. 10-116-25

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 12.5 - 250 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

25 - 500

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.99

Humidity: No effect 5 - 80% RH.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 24/75 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.85 0.95 1.0 1.15

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: 2PH3 + 6HgCl2 + 3H2O → Hg3P2•3HgCl2•3H2O + 6HCl

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance H

S 50 35 (brown)

NO NH

CO CO

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Concentration

(ppmv)

200 0 100 0 100 0

250 0 50000 0 25000 0

1500 0

100 0

Apparent Reading*

Other Possible Interferences: Strongly reducing gases.

Extended

Range

50 - 1000

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 25 - 500 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

50 - 1000

Extended

Range

100 - 2000

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 1.000

Humidity: No effect 5 - 80% RH.

Temperature Range: No effect between 0-40°C (32 - 104°F)

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Yellow

Reaction Principle: 2PH3 + 6HgCl2 + 3H2O → Hg3P2•3HgCl2•3H2O + 6HCl

Cross-sensitivity: Substance H

S 200 140

NO NH

CO CO

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡

Interferes in mixtures; may result in transient light brown H2S response.

Concentration

(ppmv)

3940 0

100 0 100 0

250 0 50000 0 25000 0

1500 0

100 0

Apparent Reading*

‡

Other Possible Interferences: Strongly reducing gases.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 45

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 No. 10-107-15

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 No. 10-107-20

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 1 - 15 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 2 2 x 2 2

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

2 - 30

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.991

Humidity: No effect 5 - 90% RH.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 24/75 40/104

Corr. Factor 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Blue-green → Yellow

Reaction Principle: SO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O (pH indicator change)

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 15000 0 CO

NO NH

H2S PH

HF CH

Hexane Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Reduces reading in mixture.

50000 0

100 0 100 2 (blue)

2000 3 (blue)

30 0 50 0.5

25000 0

1500 0

400 0

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases.

Range

4 - 60

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 50 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

5 - 100

Extended

Range

10 - 200

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 50% RH; 100% RH reduces the response by about 25%

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104

Corr. Factor 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Blue → Yellow

Reaction Principle: SO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CO

NO NH

Isobutylene Hexane Toluene Acetone

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Reduces reading in mixture.

10% 0

100 0

300 0 25000 0

100 0

1200 0

100 0 10000 0

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases.

Data SheetS

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Page 46

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 No. 10-107-25

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 No. 10-107-30

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 50 - 900 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

100 - 1800

Extended

200 - 3600

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r2 = 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 85% RH.

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Blue → Yellow

Reaction Principle: SO

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

+ 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CO

NO NH

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Reduces reading in mixture.

10% 0

100 0 300 0

25000 0

100 0

1200 0

100 0 100 0

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases.

Range

Extended

Range

Extended

Range

Standard

Range

Range (ppmv) 50 - 1000 100 - 2000 200 - 4000 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 1 1 1 Correction Factor 0.25 0.5 1

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 50% RH; 100% RH reduces the response by about 40%

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Blue → Yellow

Reaction Principle: SO

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

+ 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O (pH indicator change)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CO

NO NH

Hexane Isobutylene Toluene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Reduces reading in mixture.

10% 0

100 0

300 0 25000 0

100 0

1200 0

100 0

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 47

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 No. 10-107-40

Toluene C7H8 No. 10-114-20

Extended

Range Range (ppmv) 0.1 – 2.5% No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

0.2 - 5%

Extended

0.4 - 10%

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±10%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r2 = 0.999

Humidity: No effect 5 - 90% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104

Corr. Factor 1.15 1.0 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Green

Reaction Principle: SO2 + Cr(VI) + H2O → H2SO4 + Cr(III)

Cross-sensitivity:

Data SheetS

Substance

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

CO 3000 0 CO

Hexane Isobutylene Benzene

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Forms a bright yellow color and reduces reading in mixture.

5% 0 5% 2.3% #

2.5% 0

50 0 1500 0 2000 0

100 0

Other Possible Interferences: Reducing gases.

Range

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 5 - 150 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 2 2 1.5

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

10 - 300

Extended

Range

20 - 600

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.994

Humidity: No effect 0 - 90% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Brown

Reaction Principle: C8H10 + I2O5 + H2SO4 → I2 + Oxidation Products

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Benzene 95 110 green-brown p-Xylene o-Xylene m-Xylene Ethylbenzene Styrene Ethylene Isobutylene Isobutylene Hexane CO CO

Concentration

(ppmv)

100 40 100 35 100 30 100 70 100 10 100 0 100 0

2000 100

100 7

3000 0

15000 0

50 55 50000 0 25000 0

2050 0

Apparent Reading*

(faint)

(faint ring)

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Data SheetS

Other Possible Interferences: Other aromatics and reducing agents.

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Page 48

Trichloroethylene CHCl=CCl

No. 10-119-20

Vinyl Chloride CH2=CHCl No. 10-128-10

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 2.5 - 50 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 3 3 2

0.5 1 2.3

Standard

Range

5 - 100

Extended

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Humidity: No effect 0 - 95% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.1

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Purple Reaction Principle: Cl

Data SheetS

C=CHCl + PbO2 + H2SO4 → HCl

HCl + Base → Chloride (dye color change)

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Tetrachloroethylene 40 70 1,2-Dichloroethylene 100 20 Vinyl Chloride 100 10 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 100 <0.5 Acetone 1000 0 Toluene 1000 0 p-Xylene 1000 0 Cl2 10 10 (pale beige) HCl 50 21 NO 500 0 NO2 500 60 (pale beige)

Concentration

(ppmv)

Apparent Reading*

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: Acid gases. No response to H2S, CO or CH4.

Caution: Use of connector tubing other than that supplied may reduce response.

Range

10 - 230

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 0.5-10 1-20 2-40 No. of Pump Strokes 2 1 0.5 Sample Volume (mL) 200 100 50 Sample Time (min) 2 x 3 3 3 Correction Factor 0.42 1.0 2.2

Standard

Range

Extended

Range

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.991

Humidity: No effect 5 - 100% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 2.5 1.3 1.0 0.8

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Purple

Reaction Principle: Pretube: C

Cl + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → HCl + Other Prods

2H3

Measurement Tube: HCl + indicator dye → reddish purple color

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

1,3-Dichloropropylene 20 20 1,1-Dichloroethylene Trichloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene Ethyl Chloroformate Methyl Chloroformate 1,2-Dichloroethane Methyl chloride Chloroform Ethylene Benzene

Concentration

(ppmv)

10 16

10 3.5

60 1.5

40 0.4

120 0.1 100 0

2000 0

100 0

1000 0

600 0

Apparent Reading*

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Other Possible Interferences: HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons. No response to

500 ppm CO, 5000 ppm CO2, or 600 ppm toluene.

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 49

Water Vapor (Pipeline) H2O No. 10-120-10

Water Vapor (Pipeline) H2O No. 10-120-20

Extended

Range Range (lbs/MMCF) 1 - 5

No. of Pump Strokes

Sample Volume (mL)

Sample Time (min) in air (sec) in natural gas

Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 1.5 min

4 x 45 sec

0.51 1 2.22

Standard

Range

2 - 10

2 x 1.5 min

2 x 45 sec

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12% Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.99

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 23/73 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F) Refrigeration preferred. Color Change: Yellow → Green

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Data SheetS

Propane (C3H8) Isobutylene Hexanes CO CO

HCl Ethylene glycol Triethylene glycol Methanol Toluene

O + Mg(ClO4)2 → Mg(ClO4)2•H2O

Concentration

Reading* (lbs/

(ppmv)

100% 0

10000 ≤2 10000 0

3000 0

200 0 3000 0 1500 0 2000 ~1

100 entire tube

300 0

saturated 0 saturated 0

50 0‡

400 ~1

MMCF)

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

‡ Forms light green stain when methanol is above 70 ppm. Water can be measured in a mixture with methanol by reading the dark green stain only, ignoring the light green methanol stain beyond dark green end point. See Technical Note 179 (rev 1 wh 11-04) for pictures.

Other Possible Interferences: Amines, alcohols. No response to heptanes, octanes as present in “rich” natural gas or commonly called “condensate.”

Extended

Range

4 - 20

1.5 min 45 sec

Extended

Range

Range (lbs/MMCF) 3 - 20 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.45 1 2.3

Standard

Range

6 - 40

Extended

Range

12 - 80

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.994

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.74

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F) Refrigeration preferred Color Change: Yellow → Dark Green** Reaction Principle: H2O + Mg(ClO4)2 → Mg(ClO4)2•H2O

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

CO CO

HCl Methanol Gasoline Heptane Ethylene glycol Triethylene glycol Toluene

Concentration

Reading* (lbs/

(ppmv)

100% 0

200 0#

10% 0# 1500 0# 2000 <3#

250 35 300 0#

80 0‡ saturated 0 saturated 0 saturated 0 saturated 0 saturated 0

MMCF)

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

# No interference in mixtures with water vapor. ‡ No response below 80 ppm. Light green

stain when methanol is above 80 ppm, 340 ppm alone reads ~30 lbs/MMCF. Water can be

measured in a mixture with methanol by reading the dark green stain only, ignoring the light green methanol stain beyond the dark green end point.

**Note: Color tends towards purple as temperature decreases.

Other Possible Interferences: Amines, alcohols; no effect of 500 ppm PH

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 50

TN-179 Technical Note

Effect of Methanol & Glycols on Water Vapor Tubes

On the 120-20 (6-40 lbs/MMCF) tubes, the water forms a purple stain followed by a light green stain for methanol (see Figure 2). This light green color can be ignored and only the darker stain read to obtain the water vapor concentration.

Introduction

Colorimetric tubes for water vapor are commonly used to measure the humidity of natural gas because of their rapid response compared to instrumental methods. To minimize corrosion and to obtain a better selling price for the gas, water vapor levels are often reduced by passing the gas through a liquid scrubber containing ethylene glycol or triethylene glycol. In addition, methanol is sometimes added to the natural gas pipeline as an antifreeze so that ice does not accumulate during cold weather. This technical note describes how to read water vapor tubes that may have interference from these chemicals.

Resistance to Glycol Response and “Rich” Gas

Newer versions of RAE Systems water vapor tubes have been improved to remove any response to ethylene glycol or triethylene glycol. These changes were implemented in the 6-40 lbs/MMCF tubes (p/n 10-120-20) shipped after November 2003 and in the 2-10 lbs/MMCF tubes (p/n 10-120-10) shipped after November

2004. Higher alkanes such as pentane, hexanes and octanes present in "rich" natural gas also cause no response.

Effect of Methanol

Methanol alone causes a light green response in both 120-10 and 120-20 tubes when its concentration is above about 80 ppm. When water and methanol are present together, a two-tone stain is seen. On the 120-10 (2-10 lbs/MMCF) tubes, the water forms a medium-dark green stain followed by a light green stain for methanol (see Figure 1).

Data SheetS

H2O: 0 Methanol: 60 ppm

H2O: 10 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 79 ppm

H2O: 20 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 158 ppm

O: 30 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 237 ppm

O: 40 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 316 ppm

Figure 2. Methanol response on 120-20 (6-40 lbs/MMCF) tube.

0°C/32°F H

O: 20 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 100 ppm

Data SheetS

O: 6 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 60 ppm

O: 0 Methanol: 100 ppm

H2O: 8 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 100 ppm

Figure 1. Methanol response on 120-10 (2-10 lbs/MMCF) tube.

20°C/68°F H

30°C/86°F H

O: 20 lbs/MMCF Methanol: 100 ppm

Figure 3. Effect of Temperature on 120-20 tube.

Figure 3 shows that the color stain for water vapor is greener at higher temperatures and tends towards purple as the temperature is lowered. Therefore the distinction between methanol and water vapor response is clearer at lower temperatures.

www.raesystems.com

Page 51

Water Vapor (Metric) H2O No. 10-120-30

Water Vapor (Metric) H2O No. 10-120-40

Extended

Range

Range (mg/L) 0.025 - 0.5 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.46 1 2.1

Standard

Range

0.05 - 1.0

Extended

0.1 - 2.0

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.999

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 25/77 40/104 Corr. Factor 0.95 0.95 1.0 1.0

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F) Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow → Dark Green**

Reaction Principle: H2O + Mg(ClO4)2 → Mg(ClO4)2•H2O

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Data SheetS

Propane (C3H8) CO CO

HCl Methanol Triethylene glycol Toluene

Concentration

(ppmv)

100% 0

10000 0

200 0#

10% 0#

1500 0#

600 0# 250 0.6 500 0 300 0# 100 ~0.02‡

Saturated ~0.05

400 <0.1

Reading*

(mg/L)

* Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

# No interference in mixtures with water vapor. ‡ No response below 100 ppm. Positive interference when methanol is above 100 ppm.

250 ppm alone reads ~0.5 mg/L.

** Note: Read tube at end of dark green stain. Color tends towards purple as temperature

decreases.

Other Possible Interferences: Amines, alcohols.

Range

Extended

Range

Range (mg/L) 0.5 - 4 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

2 1 0.5

200 100 50

2 x 1.5 1.5 1

0.4 1 See Fig. 2

Standard

Range

1 - 18

Extended

Range

2 - 32

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±20%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.959

Temperature Range: Refer to Figures 1 and 2. Requires accurate temperature

measurement.

Storage Life: 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: Yellow green → Purple

Reaction Principle: H

Cross-sensitivity: Substance CH

HCl NO

Acetone Ethanol

Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

O + Mg(ClO4)2 → Mg(ClO4)2•H2O

Concentration

Reading*

(ppmv)

25000 0

200000 0

500 0 1000 0 3500 0 2000 0

460 0

460 1

40 0 1000 1 (green) 2000 1.5

(mg/L)

Continued on next page

Data SheetS

www.raesystems.com

Page 52

Water Vapor H2O (Continued) No. 10-120-40 Xylenes C8H10 No. 10-112-20

Extended

Range

Range (ppmv) 5 - 100 No. of Pump Strokes Sample Volume (mL) Sample Time (min) Correction Factor

4 2 1

400 200 100

4 x 2 2 x 2 2

0.5 1 2

Standard

Range

10 - 200

Extended

Range

20 - 400

Precision (Relative Standard Deviation)*: ≤±12%

Linearity with No. of Pump Strokes: r

= 0.991

Humidity: No effect 5 - 95% RH

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F)

Temp (°C/°F) 0/32 10/50 21/70 40/104 Corr. Factor 2.4 1.4 1.0 1.7

Storage Life: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration preferred.

Color Change: White → Reddish Brown

Reaction Principle: C

Cross-sensitivity: Substance

Data SheetS

p-Xylene 100 100 o-Xylene m-Xylene Toluene Benzene Hexane Isobutylene CO CO

NO NH

+ I2O5 + H2SO4 → I2 + oxidation products

8H10

Concentration

(ppmv)

100 40 (brown) 100 20 (brown)

20 50 (brown)

10 10 (v.faint) 100 0 100 0 250 0

50000 0

5000 0

100 3 (v.faint) 100 0

25000 0

10 0

Apparent Reading*

Data SheetS

*Data based on RAE Systems pumps and tubes used in standard range.

Note: The tube is calibrated to p-xylene.

Other Possible Interferences: Other aromatics.

100

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101

Page 53

6. SPECIALTY TUBES

6.1 Smoke Generating Tubes

Smoke generating tubes are designed for use in respirator t tests. These

tubes are of the stannic chloride type required by OSHA for use in the

irritant smoke t test procedure. The tubes can also be used for visualizing

air currents, such as in testing the performance of fume hoods or in detecting leaks from an air duct.

1. Operation

Smoke tubes are operated by simply breaking open each end and inserting into a rubber squeeze bulb or other pump. Air pushed through the tube releases the stannic chloride, which decomposes on contact with moisture in the air to form a smoke. The tubes can be re-used until no more smoke is evolved. Rubber caps are provided to seal the tubes between uses.

2. Smoke Tube Kit

The Smoke Tube Kit (Part no. 010-0004-000) contains the following:

• Aspirator bulb

• Tube tip breaker

• 1 Box of 6 smoke tubes

• Soft carrying case

Data SheetS

SPECIALTY TUBES

Figure 6.1. Use of smoke tube for visualizing fume hood air

currents.

102

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103

Page 54

Gas Generation Tube Data Sheet

6.2 RAE-Sep™ Tube s

Irritant Smoke No. 10-123- 01

Color: A white smoke is generated. The tube changes from a dark reddish brown to a lighter reddish brown. The tube can be used repeatedly until it is spent. Keep the tube closed between uses with the supplied rubber caps.

Reagent Type: Stannic chloride

Reaction Principle: SnCl4 + H2O → stannic oxychlorides + 2HCl

Humidity Range: 10 - 95% RH. The smoke generating life increases about 10% at 20%

RH and decreases about 10% at 80% RH (incoming air humidity).

Temperature Range: 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F). As temperature decreases the smoke lasts longer and is less intense.

Storage Life and Conditi

CAUTIONS ON USE:

• Read, understand and comply with all labels, warnings and instructions accompanying

these tubes before use. Failure to comply may cause serious injury or death.

• For use in respirator t testing according to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 (appendix A) and

OSH A 19 10 .139 .

• Wear safety glasses and gloves to protect against chemical exposure and ying

glass. Wear a respirator when exposed to smoke. Vapors are corrosive to skin and overexposure can result in serious injury or death.

• DO NOT inhale smoke directly. If inhaled enough to cause coughing, remove victim to

fresh air. If coughing persists, provide oxygen and contact a physician.

• Use only in a well-ventilated area. DO NOT use in a conned space.

• DO NOT use under a respirator t testing hood or other enclosed space because fume

concentrations may build up to levels that can cause serious injury or death.

• Avoid contact of smoke with skin. DO NOT direct smoke stream directly at the skin dur ing t testing. If smoke contacts skin for prolo nged time, skin burns can result; ush

with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes and contact a physician.

• If smoke contacts eyes, immediately ush with water for 15 minutes and contact a physician. Eyes should be kept tightly closed during t testing.

• Use only the pump(s) and ow rates specied in OSHA CFR 1910.134 and 29 CFR

1910.139. If the pump is operated at non-specied ow rates it could increase the

smoke and fume concentrations and cause serious injury or death.

• Do not use smo ke tubes in areas that may contac t food or food eat ing areas. Ingesti on

of tube contents or fodd exposed to smoke may cause serious injury or death.

• Do not use for t testing on persons with pre- existing respiratory or related medical

conditions or are allergic to tin compounds or hydrochloric acid.

• When using for visualizing air currents, avoid exposure to persons downstream of the air ow.

SPECIALTY TUBES

Disposal: Dispose of spent or expired tubes according to local regulations. Each tube contains 1.0 g of stannic chloride before use. Tube contents generate hydrochloric acid on contact with water.

ons: 2 years in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F)

RAE- Sep™ tubes are short separatio n tubes designed

for use with the UltraRAE 3000 Specic Compound

Monitor. The UltraRAE 3000 is a photoionization detector (PID) that measures the concentration of

the target compound after a xed sampling time.

The tubes themselves are not calibrated, but rather

serve as lters before the PID to allow selective measurements in dened applications. Current

applications include ben zene in gasoline vapors and

renery processes, butadiene in polymer and rubber

manufacturing, and halocarbons such as methylene chloride in the presence of other organic solvents in the petrochemical industry. RAE-Sep™ tubes achieve their selectivity by a combination of chemical absorption and physical adsorption of potentially interfering compounds. Each RAE-Sep tube must be used with its dedicated lamp in order to guarantee accurate measurement.

Measurements are initiated by inserting an opened tube and pushing the Start key. The unit then

samples for a pre-dened interval and displays the

result at the end. Each tube is intended for a single use to avoid breakthrough of interfering compounds.

Figure 6.2.

UltraRAE 3000 Specic Compound Monitor.

SPECIALTY TUBES

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RAE-Sep™ Tube Data Sheet

Benzene C

Standard Lamp Typical Range (ppmv)

9.8 eV 0.1 - 1000

No. 012-3022-010

6H6

Temperature Range: 2 - 40°C (36 - 104°F)

Temp (°C) 2-10 10-15 15-30 30-40

Temp (°F) 36-50 50-60 60-86 86-104

Measure Time (sec) 150 90 60 40

Sample Vol. (mL) 900 540 360 240

Calibration should be performed at the same temperature as the measurement. It is preferable to recalibrate when changing batches.

Humidity: No effect on reading 0 - 95% RH. Humid, clean air drawn through the tube before measurement will reduce VOC capacity. Caution: Drawing humid air for extended periods or liquid water through the tubes may damage the instrument.

Storage Life and Conditions: Unopened tubes can be stored for 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Refrigeration is preferred. Open tubes should be used within one hour to avoid loss of capacity.

Color Change: Yellow → Brown → Green The benzene reading may be high if the green color extends to more than ¾ of the length. The tube may still have some capacity if there is no green color.

Cross-sensitivity:

Substance

Toluene 400 0.1 n-Hexane 100 o-Xylene 200 0.0 Cyclohexane 10 Ethylbenzene 200 0.0 n-Octane 300 0.1 Styrene 100 0.0 β-Pinene 50 0.0 Nitrobenzene 100 0.0 Ethanol 50 0.0 Phenol 100 Chlorobenzene 20 2.5 Acetone 100 0.0 Dichlorobenzene 50 0.1 Cyclohexanone 200 0.0 Hydrogen Sulde 150 0.0 Tetrahydrofuran 100 0.0 Methane 25000** 0.0 Methyl t-butyl ether 100 0.0 Propane 1000 0.0 Ethyl acetate 100 0.0 Isobutane 100 0.0 Acrylonitrile 100 0.0 Isobutylene 500 0.0 Epichlorohydrin 100 0.0 1,3-Butadiene 300 0.0 Trichloroethylene 100 66

SPECIALTY TUBES

n-Pentane 1500 0.0 Perchloroethylene 50 38

* Not necessarily the maximum allowable conc. ** No effect on tube capacity. Propane and higher hydrocarbons do affect capacity. # Higher amounts may reduced benzene response. Note: Each tube contains 3 mg of chromium compounds.

Test

Conc.

(ppmv)*

Apparent Benzene

Response

0.0 Isopropanol 100 0.0

Substance

Test

Conc.

(ppmv)*

Apparent Benzene

Response

0.0

0.4

Butadiene (Polymer)

C4H6 No. 012-3024-010

Standard Lamp Typical Range (ppmv)

9.8 eV 0.1 - 200

Temperature Range: 5 - 40°C (41 - 104°F)

Temp (°C)

Temp (°F)

5-18 18-30 30-40

41-64 64-86 86-104

Measure Time (sec) 180 75 50

Sample Vol. (mL) 1500 600 400

Calibration should be performed at the same temperature as the measurement.

Humidity: 0 - 95% RH.

RH <5% 50% 80%

Correction Factor (CF) 1.0 1.5 1.6

When calibrated with dry gas, multiply the reading by the CF to obtain true value.

Color Change: None

Storage Life and Conditions: Unopened tubes can be stored for 2 years in darkness at 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F). Open tubes may be stored for up to 8 hours

in clean air without signicant loss of capacity.

Cross-sensitivity:

Substance

Acrylonitrile 100 0.0 Propane 1000 0.0 Styrene 100 0.0 Isobutane 100 0.0 Ethylbenzene 200 0.0 Isobutylene 50 40 Toluene 100 0.2 n-Hexane 200 0.0 Toluene 200 2 Cyclohexane 50 0.5 Benzene 10 0.3 Vinyl Chloride Benzene 100 7 1,2-Dichloroethane 40 0 Methane 25000** 0.0 Vinylidene Chloride 40 20 Methyl Bromide Ammonia 50 3‡ Perchloroethylene 40 0

* Not necessarily the maximum allowable concentration. ** Methane above 1% by volume

reduces the PID response, but has no effect on tube capacity. Butane and higher hydrocarbons reduce capacity. # Methyl bromide can be measured using a 10.6 eV lamp and a 60 sec. sampling time at

sampling time at 22°C. 1,2-DCA, TCA, TCE, and PCE do not interfere. 1,1-DCE gives about

a 30% cross-sensitivity. ‡ Ammonia can be measured using a 10.6 eV lamp and a 75 sec.

sampling time at 22°C. Adjust time at other temperatures proportionately.

Note 1: Unused tubes contain no hazardous components but may adsorb toxic compounds from the environment.

Note 2: For more details on tube operation see Technical Note 147.

Test

Conc.

(ppmv)*

22°C

5 3

## Vinyl chloride can be measured using a 10.6 eV lamp and a 30 sec.

Apparent Butadiene Response

Substance

Trichloroethylene 40 0

Test

Conc.

(ppmv)*

40 17

Apparent Butadiene Response

SPECIALTY TUBES

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RAE-Sep™ Tube Data Sheet

Halocarbon (CH

Standard Lamp Typical Range (ppmv)

11.7 eV 0.1 - 200

Temperature Range: 2-40°C (41-104°F)

Substance

Methyl Chloride 30 180 Temp

Methylene Chloride (MC) Chloroform 45 260

Carbon Tetrachloride 60 350

Calibration should be performed at the same temperature as the measurement.

Storage Life and Conditions: Unopened tubes can be stored for 1 year in darkness at 5 - 25°C (40 - 77°F). Open tubes may be stored for up to 8 hours in clean air at

50% RH without signicant loss of capacity.

Color Change: Orange → Brown

Reading may be high if tube is discolored to more than ¾ of its length.

Storage Life and Conditions: Unopened tubes can be stored for 1 year in darkness at 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F). Open tubes may be stored for up to 8 hours in clean air

without signicant loss of capacity.

Cross-sensitivity:

Substance

Acetone 300 0.0 Ethanol 300 0.0 Ethyl acetate 300 0.0 Toluene 300 0.0 Methane 25000** 0.0 Isobutylene 500 0.1 n-Octane 200 0.0 Tetrahydrofuran 50 0.5

SPECIALTY TUBES

* Not necessarily the maximum allowable concentration.

** Methane above 1% by volume reduces the PID response, but has no effect on tube

capacity. Butane and higher hydrocarbons reduce tube capacity.

Note 1: Each tube contains about 3 mg of chromium compounds. Note 2: For more details on tube operation see Technical Note 133.

Meas.

Time (sec)

30 180 Time

Test Conc.

(ppmv)*

) No. 012-3023-010

2Cl2

Vol.

(mL)

Temp

(°C)

(°F)

(sec)

Apparent MC

2-10 10-15 15-30 30-40

36-50 50-60 60-86 86-104

3x 2x 1x 0.67x

Response

6.3 PID Conditioning Tubes

Three types of tubes, VOC Zeroing, VOC/CO2 Zeroing, and Humidity Filtering, are designed primarily for use with photoionization detectors

(PIDs), but may have uses as pre-lters in other applications as well.

These tubes are not calibrated and show no color change. They have the same 7 mm diameter as RAE-Sep™ tubes and require an adapter (p/n 025-3002-000) to connect to a PID or other instrument.

VOC Zeroing Tubes

VOC Zeroing tubes are single-use charcoal lters intended for zero

calibration, especially for the ppbRAE 3000, where a zero gas with <5 ppb isobutylene-equivalent response is required. Other charcoal tubes with higher capacity might also be used for this purpose, but once they have been opened for some time, they tend to absorb VOCs from the ambient air and then release ppb levels of VOCs back into the zero calibration stream. The VOC Zeroing tubes ensure a clean background by virtue of being sealed in glass until just before use. These tubes could also be used to remove organic vapor interferences in other sensors such as

electrochemical CO sensors or unltered CO tubes.

VOC/CO2 Zeroing Tubes

These tubes are identical to the VOC Zeroing Tubes, but with an additional layer to remove CO2 for multi-gas meters having both PID and CO2 sensors.

Humidity Filtering Tubes

The Humidity Filtering II tubes are designed to dry the sample gas stream and thus avoid humidity effects on PID measurements. High humidity

reduces PID response by up to 50% with a properly maintained PID. If the PID sensor is dirty, humidity over 80% can cause a current leakage

that appears as a drifting, irreproducible rise in readings. By reducing

the sample humidity to <20%, the Humidity Filtering II tubes remove both

effects. The tubes last for approximately 1/2 hour and can be reused until spent. They are especially useful in soil remediation applications that have high humidity, and common contaminants are non-polar compounds such as gasoline and trichloroethylene. Losses of some compounds are observed especially for polar compounds like amines, and at low temperatures and concentrations.

SPECIALTY TUBES

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Connections:

Tube Data Sheet

VOC Zeroing Tube No. 025-2000-010

This tube is used to purify ambient air to form a zero standard for calibrating VOC detectors in ambient background. Calibration should be performed at the same

temperature, humidity and ow as the measurement. To connect to a ppbRAE

3000, MiniRAE 3000 and MultiRAE Pro, use Inlet Tube Adapter p/n 025-3002-000 according to the instructions on the reverse side. See Technical Notes 150, 172 and 178 for more details on use and how to connect other monitors.

Storage Life: 3 years

Temperature Range: -10 to +50°C

Filtering efciency for VOCs:

Compound Concentration

(ppbv)

Methane 10000 10000* Ethylene 100000 100000* Propane 100000 0 Butane 10000 0 Isobutylene 100000 0 Butadiene 10000 0 n-Hexane 10000 0 Gasoline 10000 0 Toluene 10000 0 Ethanol 100000 0 Acetone 100000 0 Ethylene oxide 10000 0 Benzene 10000 0

^ Measured with ppbRAE Plus after 2-min exposure (methane measured with an LEL sensor). * This tube can not remove methane, ethane or ethylene.

Apparent Reading

(ppbv)^

Flex- I- Prob e

(p/n 023-3012-000)

Tube Adapter

(p/n 025-3002-000)

Tube Tip Breaker

VOC Zeroing Tube

(10-pack, p/n 025-2000-010)

Connection to MiniRAE Plus 2000 or ppbRAE

Tube Adapter

(p/n 025-3002-000)

Water Trap Adapter

(10-pack, p/n 025-3002-000)

4mm o.d. Teon™ tubing

tip cut at an angle (p/n 025-3002-000)

Connection to Multi Gas monitors

Zeroing Procedure:

1) Insert the tip of the Flex-I-Probe or other probe into the smaller end of the Tube Adapter.

2) Break the two ends of a VOC zeroing tube using the smaller hole on the side of the Tube Adapter.

3) Insert one end (black arrow indicates the right direction) of the open VOC zeroing tube into the bigger end of the adapter.

4) Run the zeroing calibration procedure of the instrument.

5) Discard the used VOC zeroing tube (single use only).

SPECIALTY TUBES

Cautions:

• Single use only

• Attach tube shortly before zeroing to avoid loss of adsorption capacity.

• Will not absorb CO; partially absorbs H2S. May not absorb some other

inorganic compounds.

SPECIALTY TUBES

• The contents of the tubes are non-hazardous, but may absorb hazardous

components from the sample gas.

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Tube Data Sheet

VOC/CO2 Zeroing Tube No. 025-2003-010

This tube is used to purify ambient air to form a zero standard for calibrating both CO2 & VOC sensors in ambient background. Calibration should be performed at the same

temperature, humidity and ow as the measurement. To connect to an instrument,

use Inlet Tube Adapter p/n 025-3002-000 according to the instructions on the reverse side. See Technical Notes 172 and 178 for more details on use and how to connect other monitors. This tube contains the same VOC zeroing layer as tube 025-2000-

010 with an additional CO

Storage Life: 3 years

Temperature Range: -10 to +50°C

VOC Filtering Capacity:

Compound Concentration

Methane 10000 10000* Ethylene 100000 100000*

Propane 100000 0

Butane 10000 0

Isobutylene 100000 0

Butadiene 10000 0

n-Hexane 10000 0

Gasoline 10000 0

Toluene 10000 0

Ethanol 100000 0

Acetone 100000 0

Ethylene oxide 10000 0

Benzene 10000 0

^ Measured with ppbRAE Plus after 2-min exposure (methane measured with an LEL sensor). * This tube can not remove methane, ethane, or ethylene (methane measured with an LEL sensor).

SPECIALTY TUBES

It does not absorb CO and some other inorganic compounds, and partially absorbs H2S.

Absorption

Reaction Principle: 2OH- + CO2 → H2O + CO

absorbing layer.

(ppbv)

Apparent

Reading

(ppbv)^

Continued on next page

Table2. CO2 Absorption Capacity at 500 ppm CO

RH (%) Breakthrough time (min @ 500 cc/min)

>95 14 ~50 18

<5 10

Note: The data in Table 2 were generated in ambient air with 500 ppm CO At higher concentrations, the breakthrough time will decrease.

Connections:

Flex- I- Prob e

(p/n 023-3012-000)

Tube Adapter

(p/n 025-3002-000)

Tube Tip Breaker

VOC Zeroing Tube

(10-pack, p/n 025-2000-010)

Connection to handled PID monitors

Tube Adapter

(p/n 025-3002-000)

4mm o.d. Teon

Water Trap Adapter

(10-pack, p/n 025-3002-000)

™

tip cut at an angle

(p/n 025-3002-000)

tubing

Connection to Multi-gas monitors

Zeroing Procedure

1) Insert the tip of the probe into the smaller end of the Tube Adapter.

2) Break the two ends of a VOC/CO

zeroing tube using the smaller hole on the

side of the Tube Adapter.

3) Insert one end (black arrow indicates the right direction) of the open VOC/CO zeroing tube into the wider end of the adapter.

4) Run the zero calibration procedures of the instrument for both VOC and CO is preferable to zero the CO is often greater than for CO

5) Discard the used VOC/CO

sensor rst because the tube’s capacity for VOCs

zeroing tube.

Cautions:

• Single use only.

• Attach tube shortly before zeroing to avoid loss of adsorption capacity.

. It

SPECIALTY TUBES

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Tube Data Sheet

Humidity Filtering II No. 025-2002-010

This tube is used to remove ambient humidity when connected to RAE Systems pumped monitors. It is particularly useful for reducing humidity effects when

measuring VOCs with photoionization detectors (PIDs). At a ow rate of 500 cc/min, the relative humidity is reduced to <10% until breakthrough. To connect the tube, the instrument is tted with a Flex-I-Probe (p/n 023-3012-000) and tube adapter (p/n

025-3002-000). The tube has no effect on volatile, non-polar compounds such as isobutylene, hexane, benzene, and trichloroethylene (see Table 2), but may affect other compounds. See RAE Systems Technical Note 178 for more details.

CAUTION: The tube may delay or reduce the response of polar, heavy, and reactive compounds and therefore due caution should be used when measuring such compounds (see Table 2). Contact RAE Systems Technical Support if the compound of interest is not in Table 2.

CAUTION: Response time effects depend on concentration, with more

signicant absorption losses at lower concentrations (see Table 2). CAUTION: Not for use in unknown chemical environments such as HazMat

Response. A false low or zero reading may result.

NOTE: Use tubes within 1 hour of opening to avoid loss of humidity capacity.

Temperature Range: -20 to +50°C

Storage Life: 3 years

Color Change: White powder forms a glassy gel when moist

Table 1. Humidity Filtering Capacity

(°C)T (°F)

45 11 3 99 12 14

40 104 100 18 20

30 86 100 22 26

20 68 100 23

SPECIALTY TUBES

(%)

(min @ 500 cc/min)

75 50 25

75 50

Run time to t10

Note: The contents of the tubes are non-hazardous, but may absorb hazardous components from the sample gas.

Run time to t20

(min @ 500 cc/min)

17 18 35 >40

>40 >40

25 30 40 >40

28 32 40 >40

34 >40 40

Continued on next page

Table 2. Effect on VOC Response

Compound

Isobutylene 100 22 3 1.0 Isobutylene 10 0 5 1.17 Cyclohexane 10 22 3 1.0 Octane 100 22 3 1.0 Undecane 100 22 60 1.1 Benzene 5 22 3 1.0 Toluene 10 22 3 1.0 Xylenes 100 22 10 1.05 Styrene 50 22 10 1.0 Gasoline 100 22 15 1.05 Gasoline 10 22 15 1.0 Gasoline 10 0 28 1.6 Jet Fuel JP-5 10 22 65 1.0 Diesel Fuel 100 22 110 1.3 Vinyl Chloride 10 22 3 1.0 Trichloroethylene 10 22 3 1.0 Trichloroethylene 10 0 5 1.2 Perchloroethylene 10 22 4 1.0 Glutaraldehyde 10 22 NR* (480) NR*

Ethanol 1000 22 3 1.0 Ethanol 100 22 40 1.0 Isopropanol 10 22 90 1.15 Acetone 1000 22 3 1.0 Acetone 100 22 20 1.0 Acetone 10 22 80 1.0 Acetone 10 0 11 5 1.17 PGMEA Phenol 20 22 150 1.0 Methyl methacrylate 10 22 150 1.05 Dimethyl sulde 10 22 3 1.0 Ethyl mercaptan 10 22 4 1.05 Butyl mercaptan 10 22 5 1.05 Hydrogen sulde 7 22 3 1.0 Ethylamine high 22 NR* NR* Ammonia 50 22 NR* NR*

CF = Correction Factor. Multiply by reading to get true concentration to correct for some loss.

* Not recommended because of severe losses.

Note: The data in Table 2 were generated in dry air at about 22°C (72°C). Tests showed that

50% RH does not affect the response time to isobutylene, benzene, PGMEA, dimethyl sulde, phenol, acetone or ethanol, but causes total loss of ammonia. 80% RH does not affect the

response time of isobutylene, benzene, or H

not signicantly different between a fresh tube and a partially used tube up to 20% humidity

breakthrough.

Other compounds: Volatile ethers, esters, haloalkanes, and olens should not be affected

except for possible slower response. Glycols, aldehydes and alcoholamines are expected to have slower and/or lower response. Acids and bases may be lost on the tube. Compounds that hydrolyze easily, such as acetic anhydride, isocyanates, or hexamethydisilazane may be lost.

(propylene glycol methyl ether acetate) 10 22 240 1.1

Conc. (ppm)T (°C)

S. The response time for polar compounds is

(sec) CF

(1.05)

SPECIALTY TUBES

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7 APPENDICES

7.1 Appendix 1. Alphabetical Tube List

Compound

Acetone 10-111-40 0.1- 2% 0.05 - 4% 1 x 2 Amines 10-132-10 0.5 - 10 0.25 - 20 1 x 1 Ammonia 10-100-05 1 - 30 0.5 - 60 1 x 1.5

Benzene 10-101-01 0.5 - 10 0.25 - 30 3 x 3

1,3-Butadiene 10-135-04 0.5 - 5 0.25 - 10 2 X 2 Butane 10-137-30 25 - 1400 12.5 – 2800 1 x 2.5 Carbon Dioxide 10-104-30 300 - 5000 150 - 10000 1 x 2

Carbon Monoxide 10-102-18 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 3 x 3

Chlorine 10-106-10 0.5 - 8 0.25 - 16 1 x 2.5

Chlorine Dioxide 10-130-10 0.25 - 15 0.05 - 30 1 x 2 Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10 0.25 - 25 N/A 4 x 1.5 Ethanol 10-141-30 100 - 2000 50 - 2000 1 x 3 Formaldehyde 10-121-05 0.1 - 5 0.1 - 40 5 x 2 Gasoline 10-138-30 30 - 1000 15 - 2000 2 x 2 Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 50 - 1000 25 - 2000 2 x 2 Hydrogen Chloride 10-108-09 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 1 x 1

Hydrogen Cyanide 10-126-10 2.5 - 60 1.25 - 120 2 x 2.5

SPECIALTY TUBES

Hydrogen Fluoride 10-105-10 0.5 - 20 0.25 - 40 4 x 0.5

Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-04 0.2 - 3 0.1 - 6 1 x 1.5

Tube

Number

10-100-10 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 1 x 1 10-100-12 10 - 260 5 - 520 1 x 1.5 10-100-15 25 - 500 12 - 1000 1 x 1 10-100-40 1 - 15% 0.5 - 30% 1 x 2

10-101-10 5 - 40 25 - 200 5 x 3 10-101-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 1 x 2

10-104-40 0.05 - 1% 0.025 - 2% 1 x 2 10-104-45 0.25 - 3% 0.12 - 6% 1 x 2 10-104-50 1 - 20% 0.25 - 20% 0.5 x 1 10-104-60 5 - 40% 1.25 - 40% 0.5 x 1

10-102-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 1 x 2 10-102-30 20 - 500 10 - 1000 1 x 1.5 10-102-45 0.2 - 4% 0.05 - 4% 0.5 x 1

10-106-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 1 x 2

10-108-10 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 1 x 1 10-108-22 20 - 500 10 - 1000 1 x 1.5

10-103-05

Standard

Range

(ppmv unless

noted)

0.2 - 3 0.1 - 6 1 x 2

Total Meas.

Range

(ppmv unless

noted)

Standard Meas.

Time

(Strokes x min.

per stroke)

APPENDICES

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Appendix 1 (Continued). Alphabetical Tube List

Compound

Hydrogen Sulde

(cont.)

APPENDICES

Mercaptans 10-129-20 5 - 120 2.5 - 240 1 x 2

Methyl Bromide 10-131-10 1 - 18 0.5 - 36 2 x 3

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20 0.02 - 0.6% 0.01 - 1.8% 3 x 2

Nitric Acid 10-146-20 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 1 X 1

Nitrogen Dioxide 10-117-10 0.5 - 30 N/A 1 x 1.5

Nitrogen Oxides 10-109-20 1 - 50 0.5 - 100 1 x 3

Ozone 10-133-03 0.05 - 0.6 0.05 - 1.8 5 x 2

Phenol 10-139-05 1 - 25 0.5 - 180 2 x 1.5

Phosphine 10-116-10 5 - 50 2.5 - 100 2 x 1.5

Sulfur Dioxide 10-107-15 2 - 30 1 - 60 2 x 2

Toluene 10-114-20 10 - 300 5 - 600 1 x 2

Trichloroethylene 10-119-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 230 1 x 3

Vinyl Chloride 10-128-10 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 1 x 3

Water Vapor 10-120-10 2-10 lbs/MMCF 1-20 lbs/MMCF 2 x 1.5

Xylenes 10-112-20 10 - 200 5 - 400 2 x 2

Tube

Number

10-103-06

10-103-10 2.5 - 60 1.25 - 120 1 x 1.5

10-103-12 0 - 150 0 - 300

10-103-15 10 - 120 5 - 240 1 x 1.5

10-103-18 25 - 250 12.5 - 500 1 x 1

10-103-20 50 - 800 25 - 1600 1 x 2

10-103-30 100 - 2000 50 - 4000 1 x 2

10-103-40 0.1 - 2% 0.05 - 4% 1 x 2

10-103-50 2 - 40% 0.5 - 40% 0.5 x 2

10-131-30 20- 300 10 - 600 1 X 2

10-116-20 25 - 500 12.5 - 1000 1 x 1.5

10-116-25 50 - 1000 25 - 2000 1 x 1.5

10-107-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 1 x 2

10-107-25 100 - 1800 50 - 3600 1 x 2

10-107-30 200 - 4000 50 - 4000 0.5 x 1

10-107-40 0.2 - 5% 0.1 - 10% 1 x 2

10-120-20 6-40 lbs/MMCF 3-80 lbs/MMCF 1 x 1.5

10-120-30 0.05 - 1 mg/L 0.025 - 2 mg/L 1 x 1.5

10-120-40 1 - 18 mg/L 0.5 - 32 mg/L 1 x 1.5

Standard

Range

(ppmv unless

noted)

1 - 7 0.25 - 7 0.5 x 1

Total Meas.

Range

(ppmv unless

noted)

Standard

Meas. Time

(Strokes x min.

per stroke)

1 x 1.5

7.2 Appendix 2. Tube List by Part Number

Tube Number Compound Standard Range

(ppmv unless noted)

10-100-05 Ammonia 1 - 30 0.5 - 60 10-100-10 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 10-100-12 10 - 260 5 - 520 10-100-15 25 - 500 12 - 1000 10-100-40 1 - 15% 0.5 - 30% 10-101-01 Benzene 0.5 - 10 0.25 - 30 10-101-10 5 - 40 25 - 200 10-101-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 10-102-18 Carbon Monoxide 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 10-102-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 10-102-30 20 - 500 10 - 1000 10-102-45 0.2 - 4% 0.05 - 4% 10-103-04 Hydrogen Sulde 0.2 - 3 0.1 - 6 10-103-05 0.2 - 3 0.1 - 6 10-103-06 1 - 7 0.25 - 7 10-103-10 2.5 - 60 1.25 - 120 10-103-12 0 - 150 0 - 300 10-103-15 10 - 120 5 - 240 10-103-18 25 - 250 12.5 - 500 10-103-20 50 - 800 25 - 1600 10-103-30 100 - 2000 50 - 4000 10-103-40 0.1 - 2% 0.05 - 4% 10-103-50 2 - 40% 0.5 - 40% 10-104-30 Carbon Dioxide 300 - 5000 150 - 10000 10-104-40 0.05 - 1% 0.025 - 2% 10-104-45 0.25 - 3% 0.12 - 6% 10-104-50 1 - 20% 0.25 - 20% 10-104-60 5 - 40% 1.25 - 40% 10-105-10 Hydrogen Fluoride 0.5 - 20 0.25 - 40 10-106-10 Chlorine 0.5 - 8 0.25 - 16 10-106-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 10-107-15 Sulfur Dioxide 2 - 30 1 - 60 10-107-20 5 - 100 2.5 - 200 10-107-25 100 - 1800 50 - 3600 10-107-30 200 - 4000 50 - 4000 10-107-40 0.2 - 5% 0.1 - 10% 10-108-09 Hydrogen Chloride 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 10-108-10 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 10-108-22 20 - 500 10 - 1000 10-109-20 Nitrogen Oxides 1 - 50 0.5 - 100 10-110-30 Hydrocarbons 50 - 1000 25 - 2000

10-111-40 Acetone 0.1- 2% 0.05 - 4%

10-112-20 Xylenes 10 - 200 5 - 400

Total Measurement

Range

(ppmv unless noted)

APPENDICES

118

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Appendix 2 (Continued). Tube List by Part Number

Tube Number Compound Standard Range

10-113-20 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 0.02 - 0.6% 0.01 - 1.8% 10-114-20 Toluene 10 - 300 5 - 600

APPENDICES

10-116-10 Phosphine 5 - 50 2.5 - 100 10-116-20 25 - 500 12.5 - 1000 10-116-25 50 - 1000 25 - 2000

10-117-10 Nitrogen Dioxide 0.5 - 30 N/A 10-119-20 Trichloroethylene 5 - 100 2.5 - 230 10-120-10 Water Vapor 2-10 lbs/MMCF 1-20 lbs/MMCF 10-120-20 6-40 lbs/MMCF 3-80 lbs/MMCF 10-120-30 0.05 - 1 mg/L 0.025 - 2 mg/L 10-120-40 1 - 18 mg/L 0.5 - 32 mg/L

10-121-05 Formaldehyde 0.1 - 5 0.1 - 40 10-126-10 Hydrogen Cyanide 2.5 - 60 1.25 - 120 10-128-10 Vinyl Chloride 1 - 20 0.5 - 40 10-129-20 Mercaptans 5 - 120 2.5 - 240 10-130-10 Chlorine Dioxide 0.25 - 15 0.05 - 30 10-131-10 Methyl Bromide 1 - 18 0.5 - 36 10-131-30 20- 300 10 - 600

10-132-10 Amines 0.5 - 10 0.25 - 20 10-133-03 Ozone 0.05 - 0.6 0.05 - 1.8 10-135-04 1,3-Butadiene 0.5 - 5 0.25 - 10 10-137-30 Butane 25 - 1400 12.5 - 2800 10-138-30 Gasoline 30 - 1000 15 - 2000 10-139-05 Phenol 1 - 25 0.5 - 180 10-141-30 Ethanol 100 - 2000 50 - 2000 10-143-10 Diesel & Jet Fuel 0.25 - 25 N/A 10-146-20 Nitric Acid 1 - 20 0.5 - 40

(ppmv unless noted)

Total Measurement

Range

(ppmv unless noted)

7.3 Appendix 3. Detectable Compounds

Compound to be

Measured

Acetaldehyde Formaldehyde 10-121-05 0.1 - 5 Acetone Acetone 10-111-40 0.1- 2%

Ammonia Ammonia 10-100-05 1 - 30

Allylamine Amines 10-132-10 Benzene Benzene 10-101-01 0.5 - 10

1,3-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene 10-135-04 0.5 - 5 Butane Butane 10-137-30 25 - 1400

t-Butanol Ethanol 10-141-30 2-Butanone Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20 0.02 - 0.6% Butylamine Ammonia 10-100-05

Butyl Mercaptan Mercaptans 10-129-20

Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide 10-104-30 300 - 5000

Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide 10-102-18 5 - 100

Tube Used Tube Number Standard Range

(ppmv unless noted)

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20

10-100-10 5 - 100 10-100-12 10 - 260 10-100-15 25 - 500

10-100-40 1 - 15% Amines 10-132-10 Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-50 Sulfur Dioxide 10-107-40

10-101-10 5 - 40

10-101-20 5 - 100 Toluene 10-114-20 Gasoline 10-138-30

Hydrocarbons 10-110-30

10-100-10

10-100-12

10-100-15

Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-04

10-103-06

10-104-40 0.05 - 1%

10-104-45 0.25 - 3%

10-104-50 1 - 20%

10-104-60 5 - 40%

10-102-20 5 - 100

10-102-30 20 - 500

10-102-45 0.2 - 4% Benzene 10-101-10

10-101-20 Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10

APPENDICES

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Appendix 3 (Continued). Detectable Compounds

Compound to be

Measured

Chloride Methyl Bromide 10-131-30 20- 300 Chlorine Chlorine 10-106-10 0.5 - 8

APPENDICES

Chlorine Dioxide Chlorine Dioxide 10-130-10 0.25 - 15

n-Decane Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 1,2-Dibromoethane Methyl Bromide 10-131-30 20- 300 1,3-Dibromopropane Methyl Bromide 10-131-30 20- 300 Diesel Fuel Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10 0.5 - 25 Diethylamine Amines 10-132-10 0.5 - 10

1,1-Dichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride 10-128-10

1,2- Dichloroethylene Trichloroethylene 10-119-20 1,3-Dichloropropylene Vinyl Chloride 10-128-10 1 - 20 Ethanol Ethanol 10-141-30 100 - 2000 Ethanolamine Amines 10-132-10 Ethylamine Amines 10-132-10 0.5 - 10 Ethylbenzene Toluene 10-114-20 Ethylene Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 Ethylenediamine Amines 10-132-10 Ethyl Mercaptan Mercaptans 10-129-20 5 - 120 Formaldehyde Formaldehyde 10-121-05 0.1 - 5 Gasoline Gasoline 10-138-30 30 - 1000

n-Heptane Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 n-Hexane Hydrocarbons 10-110-30

Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 50 - 1000 Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Chloride 10-108-09 1 - 20

Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide 10-126-10 2.5 - 60

Tube Used Tube Number Standard Range

(ppmv unless noted)

10-106-20 5 - 100 Chlorine Dioxide 10-130-10 Methyl Bromide 10-131-10

Chlorine 10-106-10

10-106-20

Ammonia 10-100-05

10-100-10

10-100-12

10-100-15

Methyl Bromide 10-131-10

Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10

Butane 10-137-30 Carbon Monoxide 10-102-30

10-108-10 1 - 20

10-108-22 20 - 500 Nitric Acid 10-146-20 1 - 20

Appendix 3 (Continued). Detectable Compounds

Compound to be

Measured

Hydrogen Fluoride Hydrogen Fluoride 10-105-10 0.5 - 20

Hydrogen Sulde Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-04 0.2 - 3

Isobutane Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 50 - 1000

Isobutylene Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20

Isopar L Gasoline 10-138-30 Isopropanol Ethanol 10-141-30 Jet Fuel JP-5, JP-8 Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10 0.5 - 25 Methanol Ethanol 10-141-30 100 - 2000 Methylamine Amines 10-132-10 0.5 - 10 Methyl Bromide Methyl Bromide 10-131-10 1 - 18

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20 0.02 - 0.6%

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20

Methyl Mercaptan Mercaptans 10-129-20 5 - 120

Methyl Propyl Ketone Methyl Ethyl Ketone 10-113-20

Tube Used Tube Number Standard Range

(ppmv unless noted)

Hydrogen Chloride 10-108-09 Nitric Acid 10-146-20 1 - 20

10-103-05 0.2 - 3 10-103-06 1 - 7 10-103-10 2.5 - 60 10-103-12 0 - 150

10-103-15 10 - 120 10-103-18 25 - 250 10-103-20 50 - 800 10-103-30 100 - 2000 10-103-40 0.1 – 2%

10-103-50 2 - 40% Benzene 10-101-20 Gasoline 10-138-30 Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 Phosphine 10-116-10

10-116-20

10-116-25

Butane 10-137-30

1,3-Butadiene 10-135-04 0.5 - 5

10-131-30 20- 300

Acetone 10-111-40

Ethanol 10-141-30

Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-04 Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-06 Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-40

Acetone 10-111-40

APPENDICES

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Appendix 3 (Continued). Detectable Compounds

Compound to be

Measured

Nitric Acid Nitric Acid 10-146-20 1 - 20 Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Oxides 10-109-20

APPENDICES

Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide 10-117-10 0.5 - 30

Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen Oxides 10-109-20 1 - 50 n-Octane Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10

Ozone Ozone 10-133-03 0.05 – 0.6 n-Pentane Hydrocarbons 10-110-30

Perchloroethylene Trichloroethylene 10-119-20 Petroleum Naphtha Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 Phenol Phenol 10-139-05 1 - 25 Phosphine Phosphine 10-116-10 5 - 50

Propionaldehyde Formaldehyde 10-121-05 0.1 - 5 Propane Butane 10-137-30 Propyleneimine Amines 10-132-10 Propyl Mercaptan Mercaptans 10-129-20 5 - 120 Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide 10-107-15 2 - 30

Styrene Toluene 10-114-20 Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene 10-119-20 Toluene Toluene 10-114-20 10 - 300

Tube Used Tube Number Standard Range

(ppmv unless noted)

Benzene 10-101-20 Carbon Monoxide 10-102-20 Carbon Monoxide 10-102-30 Ethanol 10-141-30

Nitrogen Oxides 10-109-20 1 - 50 Chlorine 10-106-10

10-106-20

Chlorine Dioxide 10-130-10

Hydrocarbons 10-110-30

Butane 10-137-30

10-116-20 25 - 500 10-116-25 50 - 1000

10-107-20 5 - 100 10-107-25 100 - 1800 10-107-30 200 - 4000 10-107-40 0.2 - 5%

Carbon Dioxide 10-104-30

10-104-45

Hydrogen Cyanide 10-126-10

Benzene 10-101-20 Gasoline 10-138-30 Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 Xylenes 10-112-20

Appendix 3 (Continued). Detectable Compounds

Compound to be

Measured

1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methyl Bromide 10-131-10 Trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene 10-119-20 5 - 100

Trimethylamine Amines 10-132-10 Undecane Diesel & Jet Fuel 10-143-10 0.5 - 25 Water Vapor Water Vapor 10-120-10 2 - 10 lbs/MMCF

m-Xylene Xylenes 10-112-20

o-Xylene Xylenes 10-112-20

p-Xylene Xylenes 10-112-20 10 - 200

Tube Used Tube Number Standard Range

(ppmv unless noted)

Carbon Monoxide 10-102-20 Carbon Monoxide 10-102-30 Vinyl Chloride 10-128-10

10-120-20 6 - 40 lbs/MMCF

10-120-30 0.05 - 1 mg/L

10-120-40 1 - 18 mg/L

Toluene 10-114-20

APPENDICES

124

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0.005-0.4%

APPENDICES

RAE SYSTEMS Gastec Kitagawa Draeger MSA-AUER

Tube # Range* Tube # Range* Tube # Range* Tube # Range* MSA # AUER # Range *

10-100-10 5-100 3La 5-100 105SC 5-130 8101941 5-100 804405 5085-845 10-500

10-100-12 10-260 105SC 10-260

10-100-15 25-500 3M 25-500 105SB 50-900 800300 5085-814 20-1000

10-100-40 1-15% 3H 1-15% 105SA 0.5-10% CH31901 0.5-10% 804406 5085-815 0.5-10%

10-101-10 5-40 121SL 1-20 118SB 5-200 8101231 2-60

10-101-20 5-100 121 5-60 118SC 4-100 6728071 5-50 804411 5085-816 5-100

Compound

Acetone 10-111-40 0.1-2% 151 0.01-0.8% 102SC 0.01-4% 804141 5086-829 0.01-1%

Amines 10-132-10 0.5-10 180L 0.5-10 227S 1-20 6733231 2-30

7.4 Appendix 4. Equivalent Tubes of Other Manufacturers

Ammonia 10-100-10 1-30 3L 1-30 105SD 1-20 6733231 2-30 804134 5086-816 4-55

Benzene 10-101-01 0.5-10 121SP 0.5-10 8101841 0.5-10 807024 5086-835 1-25

1,3-Butadiene 10-135-04 0.5 - 5 174LL 0.5-5 168SE 0.1-2

126

Carbon Dioxide 10-104-30 300-5,000 2LL 300-5000 126SC 300-7000 8101811 100-3000 497606 5086-814 100-3000

Butane 10-137-30 25-1400 104 25-1400 221SA 500-6000

2-Butanone (MEK) 10-113-20 0.02-0.6% 152 0.02-0.6% 139SB 0.01-1.4% 813334 5086-837

10-104-40 0.05-1% 126SB 0.05-1.0%

10-104-45 0.25-3% 2L 0.25-3% 126SA 0.1 - 2.6% CH23501 0.5-6% 487333 5085-817 0.5-7%

10-104-50 1-20% 2H 1-10% 126SH 1-20% CH25101 1-20% 804419 5085-841 1-20%

10-104-60 5-40% 2HH 5-40% 126UH 5-50% CH20301 5-60%

Carbon Monoxide 10-102-18 5-100 1LK 5-100 CH19701 8-150

10-102-20 5-100 1LL 5-50 106SB 5-50 6728511 5-150

10-102-30 20-500 1La 25-500 106S 10-250 803943 5085-836 50-1000

10-102-45 0.2-4% 1H 0.2-5% 106SH 0.1-2.0% 804423 5085-822 0.1-1.0%

10-106-20 5-100 8H 50-500 178S 50-140 CH20701 50-500

Chlorine 10-106-10 0.5-8 8La 0.5-8 109SB 0.5-10 6728411 0.3-5 803944 5085-801 2-30

Chlorine Dioxide 10-130-10 0.25-15 116 1-20 804133 5086-812 0.25-15

* Units are ppmv unless noted.

Appendix 4 (Continued). Equivalent Tubes of Other Manufacturers

RAE Gastec Kitagawa Draeger MSA-AUER

Tube # Range* Tube # Range* Tube # Range* Tube # Range* MSA # AUER # Range *

10-143-10 0.5-25

Compound

Diesel & Jet Fuel

Ethanol 10-141-30 100-2000 112L 100-2000 119U 20-1000 CH29701 100-3000 804136 5086-818 100-3000

Formaldehyde 10-121-05 0.1-5 91L 0.1-5 171SC 0.1-4 6733081 0.5-5 497649 5086-813 1-10

Gasoline 10-138-30 30-1000 101L 30-1000 110S 500-6000 492870 5085-898 30-600

10-108-10 1-20 14L 1-20 173SB 2-20 CH29501 1-10 803948 5085-846 1-30

10-108-22 20-500 14M 20-500 173SA 20-600 6728181 50-500

Hydrocarbons 10-110-30 50-1,000 105 200-3000 187S 50-1400

Hydrogen Chloride 10-108-09 1-20

Hydrogen Cyanide 10-126-10 2.5-60 12L 2.5-60 112B 2-100 CH25701 2-30 803945 5085-824 5-50

Hydrogen Fluoride 10-105-10 0.5-20 17 0.5-20 156S 1-30 CH30301 1.5-15 804142 5086-830 5-50

Hydrogen Sulde 10-103-04 0.2-3 4 LT 0.2-2 120UP 0.2-3 8101991 0.2-6

10-103-05 0.2-3 4LT 0.2-2 120U 0.2-3 8101991 0.2-6

10-103-06 1-7 8101991 0.2-6

10-103-10 2.5-60 4LL 2.5-60 120SD 5-60 CH29801 2-60

10-103-12 0 - 150 4L 10-120 120SB 10-200 6719001 3-150 487339 5085-826 10-200

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10-103-15 10-120 4L 10-120 120SB 10-200 6719001 3-150 487339 5085-826 10-200

10-103-18 25-250 4M 25-250 6728821 20-200 487339 5085-826 10-200

10-103-20 50-800 4HM 50-800 120SC 5-1600

10-103-30 100-2000 4H 100-2000 120SA 100-2000 CH29101 100-2000 487340 5085-827 100-4000

10-103-40 0.1-2% 4HH 0.1-2% 120SH 0.2-7% CH28101 0.1-4.0%

10-103-50 2-40% 4HT 2-20% 120UH 2-40% 8101211 2-20%

Mercaptans 10-129-20 5-120 70 5-120 164SA 5-140 8101871 20-100 804589 5086-815 10-80

Methyl Bromide 10-131-10 1-18 136LA 1-18 157SC 1-10 8101671 0.5-5

10-131-30 20- 300 136H 20-300 157SA 10-500 CH27301 5-50 710391 5086-845 2-100

Nitric Acid 10-146-20 1 - 20 15L 1 - 20 233S 2-20 6728311 1-50

* Units are ppmv unless noted

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7.5 Appendix 5. Conversion Factors for Gas Concentrations

To convert from the units on the left to the units on top, multiply by:

APPENDICES

To:

Vol. % ppmv ppbv mg/m3 mg/L

From:

APPENDICES

vol. %

ppmv

ppbv

6728531 488908 5085-851 1.4-9.1 lbs/MMCF‡

8101321 6.4-128 lbs/

MMCF

MMCF‡

MMCF

mg/m3

mg/L

Key: P = pressure in atmospheres

- 104 107 104(mw.P)

10-4 - 103 (mw.P)

10-7 10-3 - 10-3(mw.P)MV10-6(mw.P)

10-4MV

(mw.P)

0.1MV

(mw.P)

103MV (mw.P)

106MV (mw.P)

- 10-3

103 -

10 (mw.P)

10-3(mw.P)

MV = molar volume of gas (for air, see table below) mw = molecular weight of compound in g/mole

1 Atmosphere

Equivalents

Temp.

(°C)

Temp.

(°F)

Air Molar

Volume (MV)

1013 hPa -10 14 21.59

101.3 kPa -5 23 22.00

1.013 bar 0 32 22.41 1013 mbar 5 41 22.82 760 mm Hg 10 50 23.23

lbs/MMCF 6LLP 2-10 lbs/MMCF 177UR 2-12 lbs/

RAE Gastec Kitagawa Draeger MSA-AUER

29.9 in. Hg 15 59 23.64

33.9 ft. H

2O 20 68 24.05

14.7 psia 25 77 24.46

Tube # Range* Tube # Range* Tube # Range* Tube # Range* MSA # AUER # Range *

10-116-20 25-500 7J 25-500 121SC 20-700

10-116-25 50-1000 121SC 40-1400 CH21201 50-1000 489119 5085-831 50-2000

10-107-20 5-100 5L 5-100 103SC 20-200 CH24201 20-300 497662 5085-813 5-120

10-107-25 100-1800 5M 100-1800

10-107-30 200-4000 103SB 400-8000 8101531 200-3000 497661 5085-825 500-4000

10-107-40 0.2-5% 5H 0.5-4% 103SA 0.1-3.0%

10-120-20 6-40 lbs/MMCF 6LP 6-40 lbs/MMCF 177UL 3-80 lbs/

10-120-30 0.05-1 mg/L 6L 0.05-1 mg/L 177U 0.1-2 mg/L 8101321 0.1-1 mg/L

30 86 24.87 35 95 25.28 40 104 25.69 45 113 26.10 50 122 26.51

Compound

Nitrogen Dioxide 10-117-10 0.5-30 9L 0.5-30 117SB 0.5-30 CH30001 0.5-10 487341 5085-805 0.5-50

Nitrogen Oxides 10-109-20 Jan-50 10 5-200 175U Feb-50 CH31001 1.0-50 487341 5085-805 0.5-50

Ozone 10-133-03 0.05-0.6 18L 0.05-0.6 182U 0.05-1 6733181 0.05-0.7 804140 5086-828 0.05-1

Phenol 10-139-05 1-25 60 1-25 183U 0.5-25 8101641 1-20 813778 5086-838 1-25

Appendix 4 (Continued). Equivalent Tubes of Other Manufacturers

Phosphine 10-116-10 5-50 7 5-50 121SB 10-100 8101801 5-90 485680 5085-830 0.1-10

Sulfur Dioxide 10-107-15 2-30 5La 2-30 103SD 1-25 6728491 1-60 487338 5085-803 1-25

128

Toluene 10-114-20 10-300 122 10-300 124SA 50-400 8101701 10-500 803947 5085-828 5-1000

Trichloroethylene 10-119-20 5-100 132M 5-100 134SA 5-150 6728541 20-250 487342 5085-842 20-250

Vinyl Chloride 10-128-10 1-20 131La 1-20 132SC 0.4-12 8101721 5-30 803950 5085-837 5-70

Water Vapor 10-120-10 2-10

Xylenes 10-112-20 10-200 123 10-250 143S 10-400 6733161 5-1000

* Units are ppmv unless noted.

‡Actual scale on tubes is in mg/L, but is converted here to lbs/MMCF for ease of comparison.

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7.6 Appendix 6. Humidity Conversion Tables

Dew Pt. or Temp. ppmv %RH %RH

°C °F

-85 -121 0.0005 0.03 0.7 0.002% 0.003%

-80 -112 0.0011 0.07 1.6 0.005% 0.007%

-75 -103 0.0025 0.15 3.4 0.011% 0.015%

APPENDICES

-70 -94 0.005 0.31 6.9 0.02% 0.031%

-65 -85 0.010 0.62 13.5 0.04% 0.061%

-60 -76 0.019 1.17 25.6 0.08% 0.12%

-55 -67 0.034 2.14 46.8 0.15% 0.21%

-50 -58 0.061 3.80 82.8 0.26% 0.37%

-45 -49 0.10 6.52 142 0.45% 0.64%

-40 -40 0.17 10.9 238 0.76% 1.1%

-35 -31 0.29 17.8 388 1.2% 1.7%

-30 -22 0.45 28.3 617 2.0% 2.8%

-25 -13 0.71 44.0 960 3.1% 4.3%

-20 -4 1.1 67.1 1464 4.7% 6.6%

-15 5 1.6 100 2190 7.0% 9.9%

-10 14 2.4 148 3218 10% 14%

-5 23 3.4 213 4650 15% 21% 0 32 4.9 303 6615 21% 30% 5 41 6.8 425 9272 30% 42%

10 50 9.4 587 12816 41% 58% 15 59 12.9 801 17487 56% 79% 16 60.8 13.7 852 18581 59% 84% 17 62.6 14.5 904 19733 63% 89% 18 64.4 15.4 960 20947 67% 94% 19 66.2 16.3 1019 22225 71% 100% 20 68 17.3 1080 23569 75% 106% 21 69.8 18.4 1145 24984 80% 112% 22 71.6 19.5 1213 26471 84% 119% 23 73.4 20.6 1285 28034 89% 126% 24 75.2 21.8 1360 29677 95% 134% 25 77 23.1 1439 31401 100% 141% 26 78.8 24.4 1522 33211 106% 149% 27 80.6 25.8 1609 35111 112% 158% 28 82.4 27.3 1700 37103 118% 167% 29 84.2 28.8 1796 39192 125% 176% 30 86 30.4 1897 41381 132% 186% 31 87.8 32.1 2002 43674 139% 197% 32 89.6 33.9 2112 46075 147% 207% 33 91.4 35.7 2227 48589 155% 219% 34 93.2 37.7 2347 51219 163% 230% 35 95 39.7 2474 53971 172% 243% 40 104 51.3 3195 69707 222% 314% 45 11 3 65.6 4088 89203 284% 401% 50 122 83.2 5186 113153 360% 509%

mg/L lbs/MMCF at 25°C at 25°C at 20°C

7.7 Appendix 7. Other RAE Systems Gas Detection Products

RAE Systems offers a broad array of products used to detect and measure a wide variety of dangerous atmospheric contaminants and conditions

such as combustible gas and vapor accumulations, oxygen deciencies, radiation, and toxic gases including carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulde,

carbon dioxide, and many other commonly encountered atmospheric hazards. RAE Systems’ proprietary, patent-protected technology has made it the world’s leading manufacturer of instruments equipped with portable photoionization detectors (PIDs). RAE Systems’ PIDs allow dependable, linear readings for many toxic gases and vapors in the low parts-perbillion to thousands of parts-per-million range, and are particularly well suited for the measurement of volatile organic compounds such as gasoline, benzene, paints, degreasers, jet fuel, and most organic solvents. The company’s products are used in weapons of mass destruction (WMD), environmental, safety, HazMat, toxic industrial chemical (TIC),

petrochemical, semiconductor, and conned space entry applications.

Complete data sheets and other information on all RAE Systems products can be found at the RAE Systems web site, http://www.raesystems.com.

APPENDICES

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7.8 Appendix 8. Limited Product Warranty

RAE Systems Inc. (RAE) warrants manual (hand-operated) pumps to be free of defects in workmanship for the life of use by the original owner. All

other consumable items such as inlet lters, rubber inlets, plunger gaskets,

which by their nature are consumed or depleted during normal operation, are excluded from this standard warranty.

APPENDICES

RAE’s obligation under this warranty is limited to replacing or repairing, at RAE’s option, any defective or damaged part if returned to a RAE authorized factory repair center, with shipping charges prepaid by the buyer.

To maintain warranty, Purchaser must perform maintenance and calibration as prescribed in the Operation and Maintenance manual. In the event of a defect or damage, Purchaser will notify a RAE designated factory repair center in advance and if trouble diagnosis procedures are unable to determine and remedy the condition, a Return Material Authorization (RMA) will be issued to assure proper repair and logistics tracking.

RAE neither assumes nor authorizes any other rm or person to assume

on RAE’s behalf any liability in any way connected with the sale of RAE products.

Warranty does not extend to any equipment malfunction or damage that results from alteration, theft, misuse, abuse, abnormal use, or improper or unauthorized repairs.

7.9 Appendix 9. RAE Systems Contacts

RAE Systems World Headquarters

3775 N. First St. San Jose, CA 95134-1708 USA Phone: 408.952.8200 Fax: 408.952.8480

E-mail: customerserv@raesystems.com Web Site: www.raesystems.com

RAE Systems Technical Support

Monday through Friday, 7:00AM to 5:00PM Pacic Time

+1.408.585.3546 +1.888.723.4800 (toll-free) email: tech@raesystems.com

Life-critical after-hours support is available +1.408.952.8200, select option 9

APPENDICES

This express warranty shall extend to buyer of record only and not to sales made by buyer’s customers. Except for the warranty of title, the foregoing express warranty is in lieu of any and all other warranties,

whether expressed or implied, including the implied warranties of tness

for a particular purpose and merchantability. Seller’s liability under the warranty provided herein exclusive of insurance process shall be limited

to a refund of purchase price.

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GAS DETECTION TUBES AND SAMPLING HANDBOOK

Second Edition

TB -1001- 02

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