ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING • STAGE • STUDIO • DISCO • PHOTOGRAPHIC
ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING • STAGE • STUDIO • DISCO • PHOTOGRAPHIC
GE Lighting
Introduction
For many years GE Lighting has been a
leading supplier to the various sectors
which make up the entertainment
lighting industry.
GE Lighting have an ongoing strategy of
product innovation and improvement to
meet the demands and applications of
O.E.M.s and end users.
This updated catalogue shows those
lamps, from the extensive range of
entertainment lighting products, which
are currently in popular use.
Certain other USA manufactured lamp
types may be available to special order.
Please contact your local GE Lighting
Sales Office for details.
Notes
Contents
AHemispherical shield in front of filament masking all direct light
BOperate at or near horizontal
CProtect from moisture. Safety screening techniques recommended
DReplace broken lamp immediately. Inner bulb pressurised and could shatter unexpectedly
EUse safety screen external to lamp
FOperate BDTH
GOperate BD ±30°
H100V rating available to order
J120V rating available to order
KSpecially designed for searchlight applications
LTwin filament lamp. Lumen figures relate to single and twin filament options
MTungsten Halogen minimum bulb wall temp 250°C
N3 or 4 amp HBC fuse necessary
P5 or 6 amp HBC fuse necessary
Q6 or 7 amp HBC fuse necessary
R10 amp HBC fuse necessary
SDue to internal integral reflector nominal lumens not shown
TObscured top
VDue to integral dichroic reflector nominal lumens not shown
WAxial coiled coil single ended lamps will generally give better reliability against premature
arcing if orientations in which the main support spine is under the filament are avoided
Symbols2 - 3
PAR Lamps 4 - 17
Single Ended Halogen Lamps18 - 35
Linear Halogen Lamps36 - 43
Specialist Projector Lamps44 - 61
Discharge Lamps62 - 77
Technical Information 78 - 111
Index112 - 132
GE Lighting World Addresses133 - 138
Run up timeTemps de miseTempo di andata Tiempo de Anlaufzeit
IgnitorAmorceurAccenditoreIgnitorAnzünden
Restrike timeTemps de Tempo di Tiempo de Wiederzündzeit
Working Distance Distance de Distanza FocaleDistancia de trabajoBetriebsabstand
/Focal DistanceMontage/Distancia focal/Distance Focale
l’intensité max
l’intensité max
en régimea regimearranque
Réamorçageriaccensionereencendido
dell’intensità massima de pico (grados)winkel
dell’intensità massima parte de pico (grados) winkel
strom (lm)
dauer
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PAR Lamps
PAR 366 - 8
PAR 469 -10
PAR 5611 - 12
PAR 6413 - 17
PAR lamps provide a robust and flexible
design solution for a wide range of theatre,
studio and nightclub applications.
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Twister, Wilhelmshafen, Germany By Fischer Art of Light & Sound GmbH, Bremen
PAR 64PAR 56PAR 36
Lampes Par
Les lampes PAR sont une ressource
flexible et robuste pour une large gamme
d’applications dans les théâtres, les
discothèques et les studios.
Lampade PAR
Le lampade PAR forniscono la
possibilità di progettare soluzioni
efficaci e flessibili per applicazioni in
teatro, studio e locali notturni.
Lámparas PAR
Las lamparas PAR son una solución
robusta y a la vez flexible cuando se
realizan diseños de iluminación en
todo tipo de teatros, escenarios,
discotecas.
PAR Lampen
Par Lampen bieten eine robuste und
flexible Designlösung für eine
umfangreiche Anwendung anTheater-,
Studio- und Nachtclub-Anwendungen
An extensive range of lamps
designed to optimal performance
in today’s precision range of
stage, studio and architectural
luminaires.
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Millenium Dome, London
T19HPLGKV
Lampes Halogenes
Mono Culot
Une large gamme de lampes conçues
pour optimiser les performances des
luminaires destinés à l’éclairage
architectural et studio.
Lampade Alogene ad
Attacco Singolo
Una vasta gamma di lampade
concepite per ottimizzare le
prestazioni di sofisticati apparecchi
di illuminazione per palcoscenico,
studio e impiego architetturale.
Lámparas Halogenas Bipin
Un amplio rango de lámparas
diseñadas para un óptimo
rendimiento dentro de los
aparatos de iluminación de
precisión utilizados actualmente
en la iluminación espectacular.
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
Einseitig-gesockelte
Halogenlampen
Eine umfassende Auswahl an
Lampen wurde entworfen, um
eine optimale Leistung in der
heutigen Präzisionsauswahl an
Bühnen-, Studio- und
architektonischer Beleuchtung
zu bieten.
19
Single Ended Halogen
B
B
A
C
High Performance Lamps
Approx.ABCRated
WattsVoltsOrder CodeLumensTemp. KFormH x WmmmmmmLife HoursQuantityCodeNo.
575 230
575 240HPL 575149003200SCH10 x 9.5 1061860.330012371311
575 120
575 115
575 230HPL 575-X LL117803050SCH12 x 9.5 1061860.3150012378171
575 240
575 120
575 115HPL 575-X LL123603050SCS10.5 x 6.9 1061860.3200012378152
750 230
750 240
750 115HPL 750220003250SCS11.5 x 7.2 1061860.330012378232
The HPL 750w version has a pinned base to ensure correct application
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HPL 575149003200SCH10 x 9.5 1061860.330012371281
HPL 575165203250SCS9.5 x 6.8 1061860.330012376262
HPL 575165203250SCS9.5 x 6.8 1061860.330012371292
HPL 575-X LL117803050SCH12 x 9.5 1061860.3150012378181
HPL 575-X LL123603050SCS10.5 x 6.9 1061860.3200012378162
HPL 750197503200SCH11.5 x 9.5 1061860.330012378241
HPL 750197503200SCH11.5 x 9.5 1061860.330012378261
Single-ended Quartzline
A1 class projector48
G17q49
Low volt single ended50
Mains volt single ended51
Linear projector52
MR16 projector53 -57
MR11 projector58
MR13 projector59
MR14 projector60
High intensity arc61
®
46 - 47
A full range of specialist projection
lamps designed to deliver
excellent optical performance
and reliability.
Gemini and Marc lamps should be operated with the plane of the reflector vertical.
These lamps should not be operated for periods of less than three minutes since short operating cycles reduce life and degrade performance.
TypicalRatedApprox.
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Discharge Lamps
CMH (Ceramic Metal Halide)64 - 65
CSS compact 66
CSI/CID67
G22 base68
G38 base69
Special bipin base70
G22 medium bipost71
G3872 - 73
Circuit diagrams74 - 76
Linear ultra violet77
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ConstantColor™ CMH
lamps represent the
latest advance in
discharge lighting
technology for use in a
wide range of stage and
studio applications.
CMH PARCMH 150wCSI
Lampes à Decharge
Les lampes CMH ConstantColor
représentent la dernière avancée
technologique des lampes à
décharge, pour de nombreuses
applications dans les domaines de
l’éclairage des studios et plateaux
de tournage.
Lampade a Scarica
Le lampade CMH Constantcolor
rappresentano l'ultima
evoluzione nella tecnologia
delle lampade a scarica e
possono essere utilizzate per
una vasta gamma di applicazioni
stage & studio.
Lámparas de Descarga
Las lámparas ConstantColor
CMH son el último avance en la
tecnología de iluminación de
descarga de alta intensidad y
pueden ser utilizadas en una
amplia variedad de aplicaciones
de estudio y teatro.
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
Hochdruckentladungslampen
ConstantColor CMH Lampen
vertreten den neuesten
Fortschritt in der
Hochdruckentladungstechnologie
für die Nutzung einer großen
Auswahl an Bühnen- und
Studio-Anwendung.
63
Discharge lamps
Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH)
BurnAverageInitialProductProductFig
CCTCRI
WattsCCT ˚K CRI Ra Lamp BaseFinishPositionRated HoursLumensDescriptionCode No.
156012 Peak10G53444 or G53307.T7xGC2346303604
156025*InstantG53352.T orG53307.T7xGC2346303714
148050**InstantIREM AD1550G53307.T6xGC2346303724
* Measured between sphere gap of 7.5mm in air
** Measured between sphere gap of 17mm in air
Circuit diagrams for these lamps can be found on pages 74–76 this includes other essential components
Sw - Normally open contacts - Manual switch or 2 second ON timer
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 30pF (200mm length)
123E
SG
Ballast G53371 .T
13A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
40µF 250V
2xGC2331
L
N
220/250V
50Hz
Supply
C-0.47µF
250V
B
G53444 or
Bag Turgi
SE 15/7U
Igniter
400W CSI
Ref 99-0201
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 50pF (300mm length)
Lp
N
R-100
2.5W
9kV
200 Watt CID Hot-Restart Lamp Circuit Diagram
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400 Watt CSI Lamp Circuit Diagram
Ballast G53307. T
20A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
175µF 250V
7xGC2346
L
N
220/240V
50Hz
Supply
B
G53444 or
Bag Turgi
SE 15/7U
Igniter
1000W CSI Lamp
Ref 99-1222
or 99-0221
Lampholder for 99-1222 - Bender & Wirth 938/223 and for 99-0221 - Bender & Wirth 933/1419
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 50pF (300mm length)
Replace G53445 (or Bag Turgi SE600/D) igniter sparkgap element when replacing a failed lamp
Lp
N
9kV
Lamp
Ballast Irem ZA57
16A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
80µF 250V
4xGC2331
L
N
220/240V
50Hz
Supply
C-0.47µF
250V
B
G53444 or
Bag Turgi
SE 15/7U
Igniter
575W CID Lamp
Ref 99-0415
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 50pF (300mm length)
Lp
N
R-100
2.5W
9kV
Lampholder
Bender & Wirth
933/1419
575 Watt CID Lamp Circuit Diagram
1000 Watt CSI Lamp Circuit Diagram
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C-1.0µF
250V
R-33
2.5W
Ballast G53307. T
20A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
175µF 250V
7xGC2346
L
N
220/240V
50Hz
Supply
B
G53444 or
Bag Turgi
SE 15/7U
Igniter
1000W CID Lamp
Ref 99-1225
or 99-0222
Lampholder for 99-1222 - Bender & Wirth 938/223 and for 99-0222- Bender & Wirth 933/1419
R/C components necessary ONLY when used on a 220V rate supply
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 50pF (300mm length)
Replace G53445 (or Bag Turgi SE600/D) igniter sparkgap element when replacing a failed lamp
Lp
N
9kV
Lamp
Ballast G53307. T
20A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
175µF 250V
7xGC2346
L
N
220/240V
50Hz
Supply
Sw
Biassed Off
R-5
6W
C-6µF
300V
Irem
AD1540
Igniter
1000W CSI Lamp
Ref 99-0421
or 99-1422
1000W CID Lamp
Ref 99-0422
or 99-1425
Sw - Normally open contacts - Manual switch or 2 second ON timer
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 30pF (200mm length)
1
2
2
3
G
Lampholder
Bender & Wirth
type 938/223
HT
HT
40kV
Lamp
Discharge lamps continued
Ballast G53307. T
20A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
150µF 250V
7xGC2346
L
N
220/240V
50Hz
Supply
Sw
Biassed Off
R-15
2.5W
C-2µF
250V
Irem
AD1550
Igniter
1200W CID Lamp
Ref 99-1435
Sw - Normally open contacts - Manual switch or 2 second ON timer
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 30pF (200mm length)
1
2
2
3
G
Lampholder
Bender & Wirth
type 938/223
HT
HT
50kV
Ballast
2xG53307. T in parallel
40A
HBC/MCB
Fuse
PFC
275µF 250V
11xGC2346
L
N
220/240V
50Hz
Supply
Sw
R-50
2.5W
C-2µF
250V
2500W CID Lamp
Ref 99-0431
Sw - Normally open contacts - Manual switch or 2 second ON timer
Maximum cable capacitance between igniter and lamp - 30pF (200mm length)
Lamps listed in this catalogue are those designed for use as follows:
A1 Prefix - L.I.F. (Lighting Industries Federation) reference indicates lamps which were primarily
designed for use with slide, film and overhead projectors.
ANSI Codes - These are 3-letter codes assigned by the American National Standards Institute. They
provide a system for assuring mechanical and electrical interchangeability among similarly coded
lamps from various manufacturers.
CP Prefix - Lamps designed for use in conjunction with film balanced for 3200K. These are single ended
types intended for use in Fresnel/ellipsoidal luminaires etc.
P2 Prefix - Again for use with 3200K film stock for open faced luminaires and video sun guns.
P1 Prefix - For use with 3400K film stock.
T Prefix - Lamps intended for theatre luminaire applications. These are of lower colour temperature
(2900 - 3050K) and longer life than the often similar CP types above.
C.S.I. - Discharge lamps with a colour temperature of around 4000K for outside broadcast and
follow spot use.
C.I.D. - Discharge lamps with a colour temperature of 5500-6000K for location filming and applications
such as disco lighting where a very bright compact source is required.
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Special and Experimental Lamps
In addition to these standard ranges, a number of similar types are available to special order and in
most cases, a minimum order quantity will apply. These include non-standard voltage ranges of some
types e.g. 100V, 100/115V, 120V and also a number of types which have the GE “HX”
or “THE” prefix.
Lamp Bases
The listings use the IEC International designations for lamp bases. Where appropriate, alternative local
descriptions are appended.
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Incandescent tungsten halogen lamps
Filament Format
The listings use the following codings for filament shape:
S.C. - Axial Single Coil - equivalent to ANSI C8
C.C. - Axial Coiled Coil - equivalent to ANSI CC8
M.P. - Monoplane Grid - equivalent to ANSI C13
B.P. - Biplane Grid - equivalent to ANSI C13D
T.F. - Twin Monoplane Grid - equivalent to ANSI 2C13
S.C.H - Single Coil Hexagonal - equivalent to ANSI 6-C8
S.C.S - Single Coil Square - equivalent to ANSI 4-C8
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CP Range of Lamps for Fresnel and Spotlight Fittings
As the result of extensive and sustained development work, much of it original, GE are able to offer a
comprehensive range of lamps of quartz construction, operating on the tungsten halogen principle for
all Television Studio, ‘motion picture’, and Theatre lighting purposes.
GE has been strongly supported by the television and film industries in its decision to discontinue glass
lamps for studio lighting purposes. This is because the industry has appreciated the financial
advantages of quartz halogen lamps, their reliability and virtually constant colour temperature.
The increase in the use of the lamps we now manufacture is due to the GE policy of exploiting the
important advantages of compact size offered by quartz halogen construction.
As a result GE are able to supply quartz halogen lamps for use in Fresnel and spotlight fittings from 300
watts to 10,000 watts. These lamps employ a wide range of commonly accepted bases. This gives
fittings manufacturers a comprehensive range of compact lamps and permits the construction of
smaller, lighter and more efficient luminaires.
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Rated Average Life
Average life ratings of Projection Lamps are based on closely controlled laboratory tests of
lamps, at their rated voltage, over a long period of production time. Rated Average Life is not
necessarily the same as service life; mechanical shock and vibration, voltage fluctuation,
temperature and other environmental factors may result in shorter service life. As with any
average value, some individual lamps may operate longer, and some may operate shorter,
than their Rated Average Life. (Supply voltage variation can significantly affect lamp life; see
comments under Lamp Life Ratings, page 8).
‘T’ Class Lamps for Theatre Spotlight Fittings
With this group of lamps GE are continuing their policy of developing quartz halogen
lamps.These lamps operate at a lower colour temperature than the CP range. An average life
of a remarkable 750 hours is achieved for most of the GE range. Similar cost savings to those
offered by quartz halogen CP lamps are now presented by the quartz halogen ‘T’ range.
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Typical Working Distance
For Multi-Mirror
distance from the front surface of the reflector rim to the film plane, in the optical system for which the
lamp was first designed. In most cases, it provides a uniform plane of light for the intended aperture.
Light Centre Length (LCL)
This dimension defines the location of the filament in relation to the lamp base. It is measured from the
geometric centre of the filament to a specified point on, or plane through, the base. Light Centre Length
is subject to manufacturing tolerances.
Maximum Overall Length (MOL)
This dimension includes the lamp bulb and all rigid parts of the base. Since
the listed lengths include maximum tolerances, actual lamps are generally slightly shorter.
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®
and other reflector lamps and MARC™lamps, the Working Distance shown is the
Approximate Initial Lumens
The value shown is based on spherical photometry, at rated voltage, of lamps that have been
seasoned for approximately 15% (or a minimum of 2 hours) or more of their rated average life.
Approximate Colour Temperature
The radiation within the visible spectrum from tungsten filament lamps is similar in spectral
distribution to that from a “blackbody” at specific colour temperatures. The Colour Temperatures
shown are approximate initial values in Kelvin (K) for lamps operated at rated voltage.
As the spectral distribution of MARC lamps does not conform to that of a “blackbody”, the values
shown are ‘correlated’ colour temperatures expressed in Kelvin.
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Important Notice
This catalogue contains accumulated data to January 2000. Additional information is constantly being
uncovered through research and testing, which may modify the data given herein. This is particularly
true of newer lamps. For the latest lamp design data and information, contact your General Electric
Lamp Representative.
The data and suggested applications contained in this catalogue, as well as any additional information our
representative may be able to furnish, are for general information only and are not intended and should not
be taken as representations or warranties as to the suitability of a lamp for any particular attention or use in
any particular equipment, nor are our representatives authorised to make any such representations or give
any such warranties. Applications and conditions of use are many and varied, and beyond our control. We
cannot possibly have the same degree of knowledge that the purchaser has with respect to the design of
their equipment and the conditions of its use. Therefore, it is up to the purchaser to make their own
determination as to the suitability of a lamp for his intended application or use and to assume the
responsibility for that determination.
General Electric desires to supply the best possible products at all times. For this reason, General Electric
reserves the right to make changes in its products when it believes such changes will improve its products.
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Operating Notes
Caution notices are included with all lamps. Users are urged to read and comply with these.
Operating precautions
All lamps in this catalogue must be operated with a series fuse in the circuit, as directed in the
Technical Digest.
Lamps of quartz construction use a gas filling at a pressure higher than atmospheric and as the lamp
can in rare instances shatter in use, suitable shielding techniques should be employed where
appropriate. Also protect the lamp from mishandling, scratches and abrasions, and do not operate at
above correct rated voltage.
Operating position
For good performance lamps must be used within specified limitations on operating position. The
following abbreviations are used in the lamp tables to indicate these limits:
BD - Base Down. Operate only vertical, base down.
BU - Base Up. Operate only vertical, base up.
BDTH - Base Down To Horizontal. Do not operate with base above horizontal.
Horiz. - Horizontal. Operate only in horizontal position.
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ANYVBDVBD=45°VBD=90°
VBD=105°HOR-4°HOR=90°VBU=90°
Fig. 1
Axial coiled coil single ended lamps will generally give better reliability against
premature arcing if orientations in which the main support spine is under the filament are
avoided.
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Fig. 2
The lamp must not be rotated in the filament
plane (or electrode plane).
Health and safety guide
Special Precautions for Quartz Halogen and Discharge Lamps
1To avoid any possibility of electrical shock, disconnect the equipment from the power supply before
removing and/or replacing the lamp or fuse.
2Articles fabricated from quartz or glass are inherently fragile and there is a remote possibility of a lamp
shattering violently if subjected to mechanical/thermal shock or abrasion. Inserting the lamp into the holder, by
holding the bulb, could cause mechanical breakage of the envelope and/or seal. For your safety install by
holding the lamp cap and use eye protection where appropriate.
3Oils/grease or handling of the quartz envelopes may contaminate the surface on operation and reduce
performance. If the quartz is handled, clean before operation with a lint free cloth moistened with
alcohol or Methylated Spirit.
4Avoid improper operation of the lamp, e.g. at over voltage, in equipment (or at burning angles) not
designed for the lamp type or rating. Operate in series with a quick acting, high breaking capacity fuse of
suitable rating. Non-observation of these points may damage the lamp or equipment.
5In operation,
a) lamps develop a high internal pressure and could shatter.
b) lamps develop a high surface temperature.
c)direct exposure may cause ultra-violet irritation to skin and eyes.
The use of glass or other UV filters is advised if the lamp is used in close proximity or for a prolonged period.
When reflectors are used to concentrate the light the safe exposure period will be reduced. Appropriate
screening for people and surroundings must be provided. Avoid operation in proximity to combustibles. Allow
to cool before attempting replacement.
6Life expired lamps should be broken in a suitable robust container, or wrapping, to retain flying fragments.
There is a toxic content in the fill gas and larger quantities should only be broken in a well ventilated area.
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Additional Special Precautions for the Operation of Metal Halide Discharge Lamps
7Check that replacement lamp is correct type for the application, that rating, cap and control gear
are correct.
8Lamps having outer bulbs must not be operated if the outer glass is broken.
9Instructions given with metal halide lamps must be carefully followed in all respects. Protection
against the explosion of lamp must be maintained, do not remove any covering or shields until the
lamp is located in an approved enclosed housing.
10 Certain lamps generate ozone in use and should be operated only in well ventilated locations.
11 Metal halide lamps with quartz envelopes without glass outer bulbs may emit short wave ultra
violet radiation which is harmful to eyes and skin. Operators must be shielded from direct or indirect
short wave ultra violet radiation.
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Filament designation
The configuration of the filaments in all tungsten filament lamps is identified by a prefix letter or
letters, followed by a number. The letter indicates whether the wire is a single coil (C) or coiled coil
(CC); the number indicates the form or arrangement of the coil on its support structure. Note that the
illustrations are not to scale.
Planar (MP) C13
Monoplane
2C8 2CC8C6 OvalCC6 (Reflector)
Biplanar (BP) C13d
Biplane
C2VC7AC9
CC8 (Reflector)C6 CC6
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C8 CC8
91
Lamp caps
Typical caps used on the Photographic lamps listed in this catalogue are shown below along with
their IEC codes and normal names or common abbreviations. The IEC codes are used in the
majority of table entries. Note that the illustrations are not to scale.
R7sG6.35 GY6.35
Double Contact
Medium Ring
G22
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GZ6.35
G7.9 (std. volts)GX7.9 (Low volts)Ferrule Contact
Small Indexing Ring
(Ring is a full circle)
5.5 m mGY5.3 (Flat pins)
E26E12/15BA15dP28/25
GX5.3 (Round pins)2 buttonGY9.5 GZ9.5HPL
E39
BA15sP30s P30d
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P40s
G17q GX17q
Large Indexing Ring
(Ring is flat opposite pin)
0
Lamp Comparison and Construction
Lamps for Ellipsoidal Spotlights
A problem is encountered with some ellipsoidal spotlight luminaires due to the fact that a portion of
the reflected beam of light is directed onto the cap of the lamp designed for Fresnel fittings. This
leads to overheating of the cap and seal which may result in premature lamp failure.
GE have therefore designed lamps intended for use in ellipsoidal spotlights where the size of the cap
has been reduced and the neck length correspondingly increased, thus removing the critical seal
area from the reflected radiation and ensuring that optimum lamp life is obtained.
Linear and ‘U’ Lamps - for Studio Lighting 3200K
Whilst a comprehensive selection of lamps for spotlight fittings is important to the lighting director,
of almost equal importance is a range suitable for the many different fittings now on the market
which use tungsten halogen lamps of tubular construction. GE believe their range gives a wide
choice and is unmatched in performance and reliability.
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Hard glass Halogen compared with Quartz Halogen
The tungsten halogen principle is now so well known and documented elsewhere that it is considered
unnecessary to describe it here. However should you require details of this principle then please
contact GE Lighting Ltd or your nearest Subsidiary Company. It is important to distinguish between hard
glass lamps that merely have a halogen compound added to the filling gas and lamps such as those
enumerated, which are of quartz construction. The former are from the point of view of life and
performance identical to conventional glass lamps of the same rating, the halogen only serving to
prolong the usefulness of the lamp by preventing internal blackening due to evaporated tungsten.
However, once a lamp is constructed from quartz with its higher melting point, instead of glass, the
designer can make use of the much greater strength of the small envelope. It is then possible to
increase the filling pressure which by reducing tungsten evaporation from the filament prolongs the
life of the lamp to at least twice that of a glass lamp of equivalent efficacy.
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Biplane or Monoplane?
The filament format of a lamp will have an effect on the beam performance of a luminaire.
In Fresnel optics a biplane filament will, due to its smaller area, produce a narrower spot of slightly
increased peak intensity, compared to an equivalent monoplane filament. However, in intermediate and
flood positions better light collection is obtained from a monoplane source, as the additional light
collected by the rear mirror is largely obscured with a biplane source. A wider angle beam for a given
intensity is thus provided by a monoplane filament.
Ellipsoidal optics are designed around a specific filament area. Larger areas will allow some of the light
to fall outside the gate and be lost. A smaller filament area will concentrate the light on the centre of
the gate producing a hot spot. The choice between a monoplane and a smaller equivalent biplane is,
therefore, dependent on luminaire design and customer preference.
GE pursue a policy of allowing the customers to make this choice by offering both monoplane and
biplane versions of relevant lamp types.
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
95
Arc Prevention in Tungsten Halogen Studio Lamp Applications
Almost all production personnel in the film and television industry have at some time encountered sudden
failure of incandescent studio lamps. When this occurs at a crucial moment and forces a re-shoot the cost
can be considerable.
The significant features of these failures were that they almost always occurred during the first 20 hours of
use and the incidence of failure increased with operating temperatures. Failure invariably resulted from an
arc across the filament plugs which destroyed the tails of the filament.
Tungsten halogen lamps are gas filled. The introduction of hydrogen is predicted to react with the halogen
to ‘slow down’ the tungsten halogen cycle. In addition it is known that hydrogen will slowly diffuse through
the hot quartz bulb so that the hydrogen concentration would gradually diminish.
The rate of loss of hydrogen during lamp operation is less than previously predicted and based upon
spectraradiometer measurements and calculations, maximum protection is only required during the initial
50 hours of life. Hence the use of hydrogen additions is the most advantageous method of ensuring reliable
operation of lamps during early life, particularly in demanding operating conditions.
GE Lighting offer lamps with proprietary hydrogen addition*.This offers adequate arcing
protection without significantly interfering with the halogen cycle.
*owned by GE under US PAT #4743802
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
96
Lamp performance as a function of operating voltage
Tungsten halogen lamp performance (light output, power consumption, life, colour, temperature) is a
strong function of operating voltage. The rated performances claimed in this catalogue have been
achieved at nominal rated volts. Operating the lamps at other than the rated voltage will
significantly affect performance, as shown graphically on pages 100 and 101. All lamps are
designed for use with proprietary dimming equipment as required.
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
97
Lamp comparison and construction
A typical high wattage studio lampA typical 4 pin twin filament studio lamp
Exhaust tip off
Quartz bridge
Quartz envelope
Filament
Gas filling
Support
Seal tube
Pinch seal
Flexible lead
Ceramic base
Contact pin
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
GE LIGHTING - ENTERTAINMENT LIGHTING CATALOGUE
98
Exhaust tip off
Quartz bridge
Quartz envelope
Filament hook
Filament
Gas filling
Mount support
Ceramic base
Contact pin
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