Garmin GPS 155XL User Manual

GPS 155XL
Pilot’s Guide and Reference
This manual is written for software version 2.04 or above, and is not suitable for earlier software versions.
© 1999 GARMIN Corporation
GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USA Tel: 913-397-8200 Fax: 913-397-8282
GARMIN (Europe) LTD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9AQ, UK Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222
GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3rd Fl., No. 1, Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O. C.
Tel: 011-886-02-2917-3773 Fax: 011-886-02-2917-1758
INTRODUCTION
Foreword
GARMIN, GPS 155XL, Spell’N’Find, AutoLocate, PhaseTrac12, and AutoStore are trademarks of GARMIN and may only be used with permission.
Web Site Address: www.garmin.com
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.
January 1999 190-00067-20 Rev. B Printed in USA
NavData®is a registered trademark of Jeppesen, Inc.
All rights reserved.
i
INTRODUCTION
Cautions
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC
limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment gener­ates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc­tions, may cause harmful interference to radio communi­cations. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interfer­ence will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by relo­cating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a dif­ferent circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified avionics technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem.
CAUTION
The Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GARMIN GPS 155XL is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.
Use the GPS 155XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice using the simulator mode prior to actu­al use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 155XL to all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.
Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful inter­ference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
The GARMIN GPS 155XL does not contain any user­serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.
ii
The altitude calculated by the GPS 155XL is geometric height above mean sea
level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in air­craft. Never use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.
The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GPS 155XL must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in your GPS 155XL package.
Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.
Accessories & Packing List
Congratulations on choosing the finest, most advanced panel mount IFR GPS receiver available. The GPS 155XL represents GARMIN’s commitment to provide an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs.
Before installing and getting started with your unit, please check to see that your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or damaged, please see your GARMIN dealer immediately.
Standard Package:
INTRODUCTION
Accessories and
Packing List
• GPS 155XL Unit & NavData® Card
• GPS Antenna
• Installation Rack & Connectors
• Pilot’s Guide & Quick Reference Guide
• Database Subscription Packet
• Warranty Registration Card
Optional Accessories:
• Remote Battery Pack
• AC Adapter
• PC Software/Interface Kit
• User Data Card
• 28 to 14 volt DC converter
• MD-41 External Switch/Annunciator
To obtain accessories for your GPS 155XL, please contact your nearest GARMIN dealer.
iii
INTRODUCTION
Warranty
To obtain warranty service, see your local dealer or call the GARMIN Customer Service department for a returned merchandise tracking number. The unit should be securely packaged with the tracking number clearly marked on the outside of the package, and sent freight prepaid and insured to a GARMIN authorized warranty service facility.
GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer. If you have any questions regarding the GPS 155XL, please contact our customer ser­vice department at:
GARMIN International, Inc. 1200 East 151st Street Olathe, KS 66062-3426 (913) 397-8200 FAX (913) 397-8282
Every GARMIN GPS is built to exacting standards to provide years of trouble-free service. GARMIN warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of purchase.
GARMIN International, Inc. will at its sole option, repair or replace any components which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The customer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unauthorized alteration or repairs. GARMIN International, Inc. assumes no responsibility for special, incidental, punitive or consequential damages, or loss of use.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE, AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUD­ING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i
Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
Accessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-vi
Key and Knob Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii-viii
GPS 155XL Takeoff Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9
PART TWO: REFERENCE
Section 1: Navigation with the GPS 155XL ( Nkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Navigating and planning functions
Section 2: Waypoint and Database Information ( Wkey) . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Finding and using database and waypoint information
Section 3: Nearest Waypoints ( Tkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Finding nearest waypoints, SUAs and FSS/ARTCC frequencies
Section 4: Direct-to ( Dkey) & Route Navigation ( Rkey) . . . . . . . .58
Creating and using routes
Section 5: Approaches, SIDs and STARs ( Rkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Selecting and flying non-precision approaches
INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
To quickly and easily locate information on specific tasks, please refer to the Index on page 130.
Section 6: Messages and Unit Settings ( Mkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
v
INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
Appendix A: NavData®and User Data Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Appendix B: Installation and Maintenance of the GPS 155XL . . . . . . .110
Appendix C: Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Appendix D: GPS 155XL Messages and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Appendix E: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Appendix F: Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Appendix G: Troubleshooting Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Appendix H: Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
vi
B
b
a
T
R
W
Key and Knob Functions
The power/intensity knob controls unit power and display intensity.
The zoom-in key is used to zoom in to the next smaller scale setting when viewing the map page.
The zoom-out key allows you to zoom out to the next larger scale setting when viewing the map page.
The nearest key is used to obtain information on the 9 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and 2 nearest FSS/ARTCC points of communication. The nearest key also accesses any active SUA information. See Section 3 for more information on the nearest waypoints.
The route key enables you to create, edit, activate and invert routes, and access approaches, SIDs and STARs. Search-and-rescue, parallel offset and closest point of approach functions are also performed using the route key. See Section 4 for more information on routes and Section 5 for more infor­mation on approaches, SIDs and STARs.
The waypoint key is used to view information such as runways, frequen­cies, position and comments on airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. See Section 2 for more waypoint information.
INTRODUCTION
Key and Knob
Functions
The GPS 155XL is designed to minimize keystrokes when performing operations. There are typically several ways to perform the same opera­tion. In general, using the knobs will decrease key­strokes and time spent using the GPS 155XL. Experiment to find the most effective way to use the GPS 155XL to your advantage.
N
The navigation key is used to view navigation and position information. Planning operations are also performed using this key. See Section 1 for more information on navigation and planning operations.
vii
INTRODUCTION
Key and Knob
Functions
M
D
The message key is used to view system messages and to alert you to important warnings and requirements. This key is also used to access the GPS 155XL’s unit settings. See Section 6 for more information on messages and unit settings.
The direct-to key performs an instant direct-to, allows you to enter a waypoint, and sets a direct course to the destination. See Section 4.
viii
This manual will describe entering data using
the K and O knobs. Experiment with them and become efficient in entering data with the concen­tric knobs. This will greatly reduce the amount of time required to navigate with the GPS 155XL.
Whenever the GPS 155XL is displaying a list of information that is too long for the display screen, the scrolling arrow prompt will indicate which direction to scroll to view additional infor­mation. To scroll through a list (with the cursor active), simply rotate the outer knob. When the cursor in not active, use the inner knob to view additional information.
\
E
C
O
K
The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry.
The enter key is used to approve an operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.
The cursor key is used to activate/deactivate the cursor on the GPS 155XL’s display. Pressing once will activate the cursor (indicated by high­lighted characters on a data field), which is used to highlight fields for data entry, changing information or cycling through available options. Press a second time to deactivate the cursor.
The outer knob is used to advance through pages, advance the cursor or move through data fields.
The inner knob is used to change data or scroll through information that cannot fit on the screen all at once.
The GARMIN GPS 155XL is a powerful navigational tool that provides pilots with accurate navigational data, including non-precision approaches, SIDs and STARs. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you with the operation of the GPS 155XL, including powering up the unit, entering data and performing a simple direct-to, and provide a limited introduction to the ‘Nearest’ functions. In addition, this section also briefly covers the position, NAV summary, map and frequency pages available from the NAV key. These pages will be used for most of your in­flight navigation.
The Takeoff Tour assumes that the receiver and antenna have been properly installed and you have not changed any of the GPS 155XL’s default settings. If you have changed any of the factory default settings (position format, units of measure, selectable fields, etc.), the pictures shown here may not match your configuration. Prior to using your GPS 155XL for the first time, we recommend that you taxi to a location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.
Powering up the GPS 155XL
The GPS 155XL’s power and display intensity are controlled using the Bknob at the
The welcome page appears when the GPS 155XL is turned on. During the time this screen is displayed, the GPS 155XL performs a self test to ensure proper operation.
bottom left of the unit. Rotating it clockwise will turn unit power on and progressively increase the display intensity. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test.
The database page will appear next, showing the current database information on the
NavData card, with the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type indicated. The database is updated every 28 days, and must be current for approved approach and IFR opera­tions. Information on database subscriptions is available inside your GPS 155XL package.
To acknowledge the database information:
E key
1. Press the
.
The database confirmation page shows the effective and expiration dates of the Jeppesen database on the NavData Card.
TAKEOFF TOUR
Power On
1
TAKEOFF TOUR
Acquiring Satellites
The satellite status page shows the ID numbers for the satellites and the relative signal strength of each satellite received. Turn the K knob to view additional satellites.
Once the database has been acknowledged, the satellite status page will appear,
and the GPS 155XL will begin to collect satellite information. An ‘Acquiring’ status will be displayed on the satellite status page, and the signal values on the bottom line of the page will begin displaying numeric values. This is a good indication that you are receiving signals and satellite lock will occur. Following the first-time use of your GPS 155XL, the time required for a position fix will vary — usually from one to two minutes.
If the unit can only obtain enough satellites for 2D navigation (no altitude), the unit will use the altitude provided by your altitude encoder, if one is connected and working. If not, you will be prompted to enter the altitude with a ‘Need alt- Press NAV’ message. If this message occurs, press the Nkey and use the Kand
O
knobs to enter the altitude shown on your altimeter. Press Ewhen finished.
If the GPS 155XL has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it may have to ‘Search the Sky’ to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes. The satellite status page will display a ‘Search Sky’ status, and the message annunciator (U), next to the Mkey, will also flash to alert you of a system message — ‘Searching the Sky’.
To view a system message
1. Press M.
:
The message page will appear and display the status or warning information
‘Search Sky’ indicates that satellite almanac data is not available or has expired (if the unit hasn’t been used for six months or more). The data will be recollected from the first available satellite.
2
applicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.
To return to the previous page after viewing a message
1. Press Magain.
:
After the GPS 155XL acquires satellites and computes a position, the position page
will appear automatically, and you’ll be informed with ‘Ready for navigation’ on the message page.
Altitude, MSA or ESA
TAKEOFF TOUR
Position Page
Position (lat/lon)
Reference Waypoint Field
The position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a refer­ence waypoint field. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are also selectable (see Section 1 for more information) to allow you to configure the unit to your own prefer­ences. The default settings are:
• Altitude— Your present GPS altitude
• Present Position— Latitude and longitude displayed in degrees/minutes
• Reference Waypoint— The bearing and distance to the nearest airport
The position page is one of seven pages available under the GPS 155XL’s Nkey:
• NAV summary page • Map page
• NAVCOM page • Position page
• Satellite status page • NAV menu 1
• NAV menu 2
During most flights, the position, NAV summary, map and NAVCOM pages will be the primary pages used for navigation. The pages are accessible by pressing the Nkey and rotating the outer knob, or by pressing the Nkey repeatedly.
{
The map page combines a moving map display and navigation data for complete situational awareness.
The navigation communications (NAVCOM) page provides a complete list of airport frequencies at your departure and arrival airports.
3
TAKEOFF TOUR
Direct-To Navigation
NAV Summary Page
The GPS 155XL uses direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page using the D(direct-
to) key.
To select a direct-to destination:
D
1. Press the
key. The NAV summary page will appear with the destination field highlighted.
The NAV summary page without a direct-to destination or active route appears blank, except for ground speed (GS) and track (TRK) figures, if displayed.
2. Rotate the tion waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.
3. Rotate the
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identifier.
5. Press
6. Press
K
knob to enter the first letter of the destination waypoint identifier. The destina-
O
knob to the right to move the cursor to the next character position.
E
to confirm the identifier. The direct-to confirmation page will appear.
E
to confirm the destination.
Once the direct-to destination is confirmed, the NAV summary page will appear
When a destination is selected, the direct-to confirmation page appears to verify the destination you selected.
with the destination indicated in the lower left hand corner of the screen. Your present speed and track over the ground, and the distance and estimated time enroute to your destination are also displayed. The graphical CDI (course deviation indicator), located at the top of the screen, displays your position relative to the desired course and provides
4
turn anticipation and waypoint messages during route navigation.
In addition to the destination field and graphical CDI, the GPS 155XL NAV summa­ry page features five selectable fields for various navigation data so that the page may be configured to your own preferences (see Section 1 for more information). The default settings for the NAV summary page are:
• Distance (dis)— The distance to your destination in nautical miles
• Ground Speed (gs)— Your present speed over the ground in knots
• Bearing (brg)— The direction from present position to your destination
• Desired Track (dtk)— The course between the ‘from’ and ‘to’ waypoints
• Estimated Time Enroute (ete)— The time to your destination (in hours
and minutes) based upon your present speed and course
The next page available from the Nkey is the map page. The map page combines the primary navigation information from the NAV summary page – distance to way­point, ground speed, bearing, desired track and ETE – with a moving map display. The moving map display shows your current position (using an airplane symbol or a dia­mond symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries. Notice that the graphical CDI does not appear on the map page; the graphical CDI does appear on all other GPS 155XL pages.
The map page can be divided into two main sections:
Map Display
Data
Fields
{
TAKEOFF TOUR
NAV Summary &
Map Pages
NAV summary page with ‘trk’, ‘brg’ and ‘eta’ displayed.
NAV summary page with ‘dtk’, ‘brg’ and ‘trk’ displayed.
5
TAKEOFF TOUR
Map Page
The map display may be oriented along your ground track (track up), course (desired track up) or fixed at north up. Desired track up or north up settings show your present position with a dia­mond symbol instead of the airplane symbol.
Airspace
Boundaries
Airport Waypoint
Present
Position
The map display occupies the right side of the display. Your present position is indi­cated by a plane symbol (in track up mode) or a position diamond (in other orienta­tion modes), with your route displayed as a solid line. Nearby airports, navaids and user waypoints may be depicted on the map—with unique identifying symbols for each waypoint type. Boundaries for special use and controlled airspaces can also appear on the map display. You may select which features are shown on the map using the map setup page (see page 97).
Distance & Bearing
to Waypoint
Destination
Waypoint
GS
ETE
TRK
DTK
Map
Scale
The data fields on the map page indicate distance and bearing to destination way-
Distance and bearing to waypoint, destination waypoint name and desired track are shown on the left hand side of the map page. To remove the data fields that border the map display, press \.
6
point, desired track, ground track, ground speed, time to waypoint and map scale. The destination waypoint name, bearing to waypoint, distance to waypoint and desired track appear on the left side of the page. The other data fields are located at the corners of the map display, as shown in the illustration above, and may be removed by pressing
\.
The map display has 14 available scales from 0.5 to 300 (nautical miles, statute miles or kilometers) representing the vertical height of the map. The map scale is controlled by the aandbkeys, with the current scale displayed in the lower right corner.
To select a map scale:
1. Press
to increase the map scale and show a larger area (or turn Kto the right).
a
TAKEOFF TOUR
Map Scales
NAVCOM Page
2. Press
to decrease the map scale and show a smaller area (or turn Kto the left).
b
Another page available under the GPS 155XL’s Nkey is the navigation communications (NAVCOM) page. It provides you with a complete list of airport fre-
quencies at your departure and arrival airports, allowing convenient selection of fre­quencies you’ll need along your flight path. If you do not have an active departure air­port, the navigation communications page will display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position.
To view the NAVCOM page from the map page, rotate Oone stop to the right.
The NAVCOM page lists your departure and arrival airports on the left side of the page, with all the database frequencies listed in a column down the right side of the page. To scroll through the list of frequencies, simply rotate the inner knob (K) in the direction of the arrow prompts at the bottom left of the page.
Once a direct-to is activated, the NAV summary page will provide navigation to the
destination until the direct-to is cancelled or another direct-to destination is activated.
To cancel a direct-to from the NAV summary page:
1. Press the
2. Press
3. Press
C
key to activate the cursor in the destination field.
\
.
E
.
To change the map scale press scale or
The NAVCOM page lists the frequencies for your departure (or nearest) and arrival airports.
to decrease the scale.
b
to increase the
a
7
TAKEOFF TOUR
Nearest Waypoints
The GPS 155XL’s Tkey provides the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, inter­sections, user waypoints and any SUA (special use airspace) alerts, as well as the two closest FSS (Flight Service Station) and center (ARTCC) frequencies for your present position. The nearest waypoint feature is a handy safety feature that may be used to execute a quick direct-to in case of an in-flight emergency or to review the closest facil­ities to your present position. The nearest feature can also be used to quickly find the contact frequency of the nearest airport.
The nearest airport page shows up to nine nearest airports from your present position.
To view the nine nearest airports
1. Press the Tkey. The nearest airport will be displayed, with the range and bearing from your present position, along with elevation, frequency and runway data.
2. To review the rest of the nearest airport list, rotate the
To view the nearest list for other waypoint categories (VOR, NDB, etc.)
1. Rotate the Oknob to the right, or press the Tkey repeatedly.
2. Rotate Kto scroll through the list.
:
K
knob to the right.
:
Once the nearest airport (or any other nearest waypoint) page is displayed, the
selected waypoint can be quickly reviewed or selected as a direct-to destination.
To review the selected waypoint from the nearest waypoint list
1. Press Cto activate the waypoint field.
2. Press Eto display the waypoint identification page.
To view additional nearest airports, rotate the K knob.
8
3. Rotate Oto view any additional waypoint information available.
4. Press Tto return to the nearest waypoint page.
:
To select a nearest waypoint as a direct-to destination
1. Press the Dkey. The direct-to confirmation page for the selected waypoint will appear.
2. Press Eto confirm.
:
Congratulations! You’ve covered the basic operation of the GPS 155XL. We encourage you to experiment with your new GPS receiver to get to know all the advanced navigation features it has to offer. If you’d like a little more practice, try using the built-in simulator described in Appendix C. An optional AC adapter will even let you plan and simulate flights in the comfort of your home or office.
TAKEOFF TOUR
Nearest Waypoints
Shutting Down
To turn the GPS 155XL off
1. Turn the Bknob to the left until the unit shuts off.
:
NOTE: The GPS 155XL is normally connected to power through the avionics master switch. With the optional remote battery installed, the unit will display a power down warning when the master switch is turned off. This warning page features a timer which will count down from 30 seconds when the unit senses that power is off. After 30 sec­onds, the GPS 155XL will shut off. If you wish to
continue operating the unit, press any key during the countdown period, and the GPS 155XL will continue operating from the backup battery.
To review a nearest waypoint, highlight the identi­fier and press E.
To select a nearest waypoint as your direct-to destination, press D and E.
9
SECTION
1
NAV KEY
Overview
Section 1
Navigation Key
The GPS 155XL features seven navigation pages to provide various position, course, speed, status and planning information. The pages may be viewed by pressing the Nkey and rotating the outer knob, or by pressing the Nkey repeatedly.
NAV Summary Page
Map Page
NAVCOM Page
NAV Menu 2
Remember! The NAV pages will only display infor­mation AFTER the position and navigational infor­mation has been calculated from the satellites. If you are on the position page before the unit has calculat­ed a position, you will be able to enter an approxi­mate position and altitude. This is helpful in speeding satellite acquisition if the unit has moved a great dis­tance with the power off.
If you are not sure the GPS is actively calculating position, check the receiver status field for ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ by pressing the N key and rotating the outer knob until the satellite status page appears. The current receiver status is displayed at the top left of the page.
10
The NAV summary, map, NAVCOM and position pages are the primary pages used during in-flight navigation, while the nav menu and status pages offer access to planning, calculation and status functions. Note that rotating the outer knob clock­wise will continuously cycle through all the nav pages, whereas turning the knob counterclockwise will stop the page selection sequence at the NAV summary page.
Whenever the Nkey pages are in use, the indicator light (U) next to the key will illuminate. If the GPS 155XL requires you to enter data on a navigation page, a message prompt with specific instructions will appear and the indicator will flash. If you leave the NAV page sequence for another set of pages, the last NAV page dis­played will reappear when you return to the nav sequence.
NAV Menu 1
Satellite Status Page
Position Page
N
The GPS 155XL’s NAV summary page provides you with the important informa-
tion needed to navigate directly to your destination. The destination field, located at the bottom left of the page, displays the current destination waypoint or active route leg being navigated. If no direct-to destination, route or approach is being navigated, the destination field will remain blank.
Ground Speed
Messages
or CDI
NAV KEY
NAV Summary Page
SECTION
1
Distance
field
Direction
field
The graphical CDI (course deviation indicator) at the top of the page shows your
position relative to the desired course (the moving D-bar) to the destination way­point. The TO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are heading to (an up arrow) the waypoint or if you have passed the waypoint (a down arrow). Note that the GPS 155XL always navigates TO a waypoint unless the GPS SEQ switch is set to the HOLD position, or you have passed the last waypoint in a route. The default setting of the CDI scale is ‘Auto’. If you are not navigating to a des­tination, the CDI field will display a ‘No active waypoint’ message, and only speed and track data will be available. The CDI field is also used to display the GPS 155XL’s turn anticipation and waypoint alert data during route and approach operations (see sections 4 and 5).
In addition to displaying your active destination and the course deviation scale, the NAV summary page features five selectable fields for various distance, direction, speed and time options. This allows you to configure the NAV summary page to your preferences. The default settings displayed are distance, ground speed, bearing, desired track and estimated time enroute.
Destination Field
Time or Direction Field
Direction
field
The TO/FROM arrow indicates whether you are heading to (an up arrow) the waypoint or if you’ve passed the waypoint (a down arrow).
‘No Active Waypoint’ appears on the CDI field if there is no destination waypoint selected using the D key and no active route.
11
WPT 1
STR L
NORTH
NORTH
WPT 2
BRG
TRK
GS
DIS
AIRPLANE
DTK
The following functions may be displayed in the distance field:
SECTION
1
NAV KEY
Configuring the
NAV Summary Page
dis— Distance from present position to the ‘active to’ waypoint.
str— Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’
indicates which direction to steer, while the distance value indi­cates how far you are off course.
The following functions may be displayed in the ground speed field:
gs— Your present speed over the ground.
str— Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’
indicates which direction to steer, while the distance value indi­cates how far you are off course.
The following steering functions may be displayed in the direction fields:
brg— Bearing, the direction from your present position to the waypoint.
cts— Course to steer to reduce cross track error and re-intercept course.
dtk— Desired track, the course between the active from and to waypoints.
trk— Track, the direction of movement relative to the ground.
trn— Turn, the direction and degrees to turn to get back on course.
The following information can be displayed in the time field:
eta— Estimated time of arrival (at the active to waypoint).
ete— Estimated time enroute (to the active to waypoint).
trk— Track, or the direction of movement relative to the ground.
vn— Vertical navigation, or VNAV. If VNAV has been activated, this field
indicates either the elapsed time before the VNAV maneuver is to
12
begin or the VNAV altitude (the suggested altitude you should be fly­ing in order to complete the maneuver).
OBS
TO
FR
N
33
30
W
24
21
S
15
12
E
6
3
To change any of the selectable fields on the NAV summary page:
1. Press Cto activate the cursor.
2. Rotate Oto highlight the field you would like to change.
3. Rotate Kto change the field to display the desired information.
4. Rotate Oto highlight another field, or Cto finish.
Destination
Selected
Course
The GPS 155XL’s course select feature allows the pilot to define the inbound course to, or outbound course from, the ‘active’ waypoint, using an external HSI. Once the course select function is activated, the selected course will be displayed next to the desti­nation waypoint identifier and the CDI will provide guidance relative to the desired course. The course select feature is only available during route, approach or direct-to navigation. For more information on the course select feature and the GPS SEQ switch, see Section 5.
To set a desired inbound course:
1. Dial the desired course on the HSI.
2. Set the external GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position.
3. To stop the course select function, set the GPS SEQ switch back to the AUTO position.
NAV KEY
SECTION
NAV Summary
& Course Select
1
GPS SEQ
AUTO HOLD
The GPS 155XL’s course select feature uses the external GPS SEQ switch, allowing you to dial in the desired course to or from your destination directly from your HSI.
13
SECTION
NAV KEY
1
The map page, showing only airports and air­spaces on the map display.
The map page, showing airports, airspaces, VORs and NDBs on the map display.
Map Page
Map Display
Data
Fields
{
The next page available from the GPS 155XL’s Nkey is the map page. The map page displays your present position, using an airplane symbol (in track up mode) or a position diamond (in other orientation modes), along with nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries. Note: If the GPS 155XL is unable to determine a GPS position, the present position symbol will not appear on the map page.
The map display occupies the right side of the display and shows your position relative to nearby airports, navaids, user waypoints and airspaces. Different symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identifiers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map, showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace. The map display can be configured to display airports, navaids, user way­points, airspaces only at certain scales or these items may be disabled entirely (see page
95). This allows you to de-clutter the map display at larger scale settings.
The map display can be set to 14 different scale settings (from 0.5 to 300 nautical miles, statute miles or kilometers) during en route operation; while in terminal or approach mode 12 different scale settings are available (with the two highest en route scales disabled). The scale represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map display.
Present
Position
Map Scale
14
To select a map scale:
1. Press
2. Press
An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust from an en route scale of 300 through each lower scale, stopping at a scale of 1 as you approach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from the map setup page described on page 97.
The orientation of the map may be fixed at ‘north up’ (nrthup), or set to ‘desired track up’ (dtk up) or ‘track up’ (trk up). The ‘north up’ setting will keep the top of the map display fixed on north. ‘Track up’ will cause the map to rotate so the top of the map is the direction you are heading. ‘Desired track up’ keeps the map display fixed along your desired course. Map orientation is changed on the map setup page described on page 97.
Navigation data is also provided on the map page to guide you during your flight. The destination waypoint name, distance & bearing to waypoint, and desired track (dtk) appear on the left side of the page. Four additional data fields are located at the corners of the map display (and may be removed by pressing \), as follows:
Ground speed (gs) - upper left corner Ground track (trk) - lower left corner Estimated time en route (ETE) - upper right corner Map scale - lower right corner (cannot be removed)
to increase the map scale and show a larger area (or turn Kto the right).
a
to decrease the map scale and show a smaller area (or turn Kto the left).
b
NAV KEY
SECTION
Map Page
To change the map scale press theakey to increase the scale or
To remove the North indicator and/or data fields from the map display, press \.
to decrease the scale.
b
1
15
SECTION
NAV KEY
1
The NAVCOM page lists the frequencies for your departure (or nearest) and arrival airports in the following order:
Departure Arrival
• Unicom • ATIS
• ATIS • Approach
• Clearance Delivery • Arrival
• Clearance Pretaxi • TCA
• Ground • TMA
• Tower • CTA
• Multicom • ARSA
• Other • TRSA
• Departure • Tower
• TCA • Multicom
• TMA • Other
• CTA • Ground
• ARSA • Unicom
• TRSA
16
NAVCOM Page
The next page available from the GPS 155XL’s Nkey is the navigation communi-
cations (NAVCOM) page. The NAVCOM page provides a list of the airport frequencies
at your departure and arrival airports, allowing convenient selection of frequencies you’ll need along your flight path. To scroll through the list of frequencies, rotate the inner knob (K) in the direction of the arrow prompts at the bottom left of the page.
The frequencies displayed for the departure and arrival airports are listed in the order you are most likely to use them (see left), with the available frequencies displayed to the right of the airport identifier. If you do not have an active route with a departure airport, the NAVCOM page will display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position.
If a frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be followed by a ‘brg?’ indication.
To view restrictions on a frequency:
1. Press Cto activate the cursor.
2. Rotate Oto highlight the ‘brg?’ next to the frequency you wish to view.
E
3. Press
to begin viewing restrictions.
Once you begin viewing restrictions, you can view any additional frequencies for the selected airport by rotating K. (Note: An arrow prompt displayed next to the air­port identifier indicates additional frequencies are available.) You can also view the other airport information pages by rotating O. Information contained on these pages is covered in Section 2. To return to the NAVCOM page, press N.
Some frequencies in the NAVCOM page have tags which designate their usage:
‘tx’ – transmit only ‘rx’ – receive only ‘pt’ – part time frequency
The GPS 155XL position page displays the graphical CDI along with your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field. The altitude and refer­ence waypoint fields are selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and current navigation needs.
Altitude, MSA or ESA
Position (lat/lon)
Reference Waypoint Field
An altimeter setting field appears on the position page when you are within 30 nm of a destination airport. The altimeter setting field allows you to define the current barometric pressure, which is used by the integrity monitoring to crosscheck altitude.
The altitude field can display either the present altitude, minimum safe altitude (MSA) or enroute safe altitude (ESA). MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within a ten mile radius of your present position. ESA is the recommended minimum altitude within ten miles of your course on an active route or direct-to. MSA and ESA altitudes are calculated from information contained in the database and generally include mountains, buildings and other permanent features (see following page).
{
Altimeter Setting
Field
(user-selectable)
NAV KEY
NAVCOM &
Position Pages
NAVCOM page with receive only (rx) frequency and frequencies with restrictions (brg).
Frequency restrictions on 124.60, showing range of applicable radials from 130º through 309º.
SECTION
1
17
To change the altitude field:
SECTION
NAV KEY
Position Page &
1
The position page displaying MSA. MSA and ESA are based on data stored in the NavData card. This information cannot be solely relied upon as an absolute measure of safe altitude in your area. Consult current charts and NOTAMS.
Position page displaying the ‘TOP’ VOR as the ref­erence waypoint. This configuration can be used to help monitor your distance and radial from a waypoint of your choice. (Note: the waypoint cate­gory is listed as ‘wpt’ rather than ‘VOR’ because
18
the GPS 155XL is not using the nearest VOR.)
Reference Waypoints
The position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom of
the page, to indicate your bearing and distance from a selected waypoint. The reference waypoint field can display the following:
During DME arc approach operations, the reference field will automatically display
the DME reference as long as the ‘active to’ waypoint is part of the DME arc.
To change the reference waypoint field to display the nearest airport, VOR, NDB, intersection, user waypoint or the range and bearing from a user selected waypoint:
If you have selected ‘wpt’:
This allows the distance and bearing from any waypoint to be displayed continuous-
ly, which may be useful when an approach reference is not the closest navaid.
C
1. Press
2. Rotate
3. Rotate
• Range, bearing and identifier from the nearest airport (default), VOR, NDB, intersection, or user waypoint
• Range, bearing and identifier from a user specified waypoint
1. Press
2. Rotate Oto highlight the category field after the fr.
3. Use Kto choose which waypoint type you would like displayed. (Choose ‘wpt’ if you would
like range and bearing from a specific waypoint to be displayed.)
4. Press
5. Rotate Oto advance the cursor to highlight the identifier field.
6. Use the airport, VOR, NDB, intersection, or user waypoint.) Press
7. Press Cto confirm the selection.
to obtain a cursor.
O
until the ‘alt/esa/msa’ field is highlighted.
K
to display the desired data. Press Cto return to normal navigation.
C
to activate the cursor.
C
to remove the cursor, or:
K
and Oknobs to enter the identifier name. (This waypoint identifier can be an
E.
The GPS 155XL’s satellite status page provides satellite information to monitor
GPS coverage and receiver performance. This is helpful when you may be experienc­ing low signal levels due to poor coverage or installation problems.
To view the satellite status page:
1. Press Nand rotate Ountil the satellite status page appears.
NAV KEY
Satellite
Status Page
SECTION
1
CDI
Receiver Status
Satellites in view
Signal strength of
satellite being tracked (1-9)
The top lines of the status page display a graphical CDI, followed by the receiver
status and the current position accuracy in DOP or EPE. The default setting is DOP.
The following functions may be displayed in the DOP/EPE field:
• dop— Dilution of Precision, a measure of the satellite geometry quality
and relative accuracy of your position, with 1 indicating good geometry and 10 meaning poor.
• epe— Estimated Position Error, an overall measure of your positional
accuracy in feet or meters using signal and data quality, receiver tracking status and DOP.
Satellite in view
but not receiving signal
EPE/DOP
value
Satellite status page with ‘EPE’ displayed. Estimated Position Error (EPE) gives an overall measure of your position accuracy in feet or meters.
Satellite status page with ‘DOP’ displayed. Dilution of Precision (DOP) measures relative accuracy from 1 to 10.
19
To change the DOP/EPE field:
SECTION
1
‘Acquiring’ satellites for navigation. In this case, the satellites are being received, but the data is still being collected before a position can be determined.
‘Searching the Sky’ for satellites. No satellite almanac data exists in the GPS 155XL. It must be recollected from the first available satellite.
20
NAV KEY
Receiver
Status Field
1. PressNand rotate Oto display the satellite status page.
2. If the desired field (EPE or DOP) is not displayed, press C.
3. Use Kto change between ‘epe’ and ‘dop’. Press Cto finish.
The receiver status field, located on the second line (left side) of the page, will
display the following messages under the appropriate conditions:
Search Sky - The GPS 155XL is searching the sky for visible satellites. You
will be informed with the message ‘Searching the Sky’.
Acquiring - The GPS 155XL is acquiring satellites for navigation. 2D Nav - The GPS 155XL is in 2D navigation mode. If your installation
does not include an altitude serializer, you must enter the alti­tude manually (see page 2). ‘2D Dif Nav’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.
3D Nav - The GPS 155XL is in 3D navigation mode and will compute
altitude. ‘3D Dif Nav’ will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.
Simulator - The GPS 155XL is in simulator mode, which should only be
used for practice and trip planning. Never use simulator mode for actual navigation.
Poor Cvrge - The GPS 155XL cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation. Need Alt - The GPS 155XL needs altitude in order to start/continue naviga-
tion. Press Nto display the position page and enter altitude.
Not Usable - The GPS 155XL is unusable due to incorrect initialization or
abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and on again.
AutoLocate - The GPS 155XL is looking for any satellite whose almanac has
been collected. This process can take up to five minutes.
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