Garmin GPS 155TSO Pilot’s Guide

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OWNER’S MANUAL

NRST

BRT

OFF

SET RTE WPT NAV

CRSR

CLR

MSG

ENT

& REFERENCE

GPS 155

TSO

Pilot’s Guide

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This manual is written for software versions 3.06 or above, and is not suitable for earlier software versions.

9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN Corporation.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

INTRODUCTION

Foreword

Jeppesen™ and NavData® are registered trademarks of Jeppesen Sandersen and are used with permission.

April 1995 190-00065-00 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan.

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INTRODUCTION

Cautions

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GARMIN GPS 155 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe.

Use the GPS 155 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, careful-

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified avionics service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The GARMIN GPS 155 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority

to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

ly review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 155 to all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

The altitude calculated by the GPS 155 is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. NEVER use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GPS 155 must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. Contact Jeppesen for more information on GPS 155 database updates.

Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.

CAUTION!

The GARMIN GPS 155 has no user serviceable parts. Should you ever encounter a problem with the unit, please take it to an authorized GARMIN dealer for repairs

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Accessories & Packing List

Congratulations on choosing the first GPS certified to meet the requirements of TSO C-129 Category A1 for non-precision IFR approach procedures. The GPS 155 represents GARMIN’s commitment to provide an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs.

Before installing and getting started with your unit, please check to see that your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or damaged, please see your GARMIN dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS 155 unit w/ Rechargeable Battery Pack and NavData® Card

• Aviation Installation and Antenna Kit

• Pilot’s Guide & Quick Reference Guide

• Sample Airplane Flight Manual Supplement

• Database Subscription Packet

Optional Accessories:

INTRODUCTION

Accessories and

Packing List

• AC Adapter

• User Data Card

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INTRODUCTION

Capabilities

Designed for accurate performance, and intuitive operation, the GPS 155 is a powerful navigation device that allows you to navigate IFR en route and approach procedures for added convenience and safety.

Precision Performance

• MultiTrac8™ receiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites for fast, accurate positioning and speed data, with continuous 1 second updates

• Jeppesen database lists airports, VORs, NDBs, FSSs, intersections, comm frequencies, runway info, minimum safe altitude, SUA information and more

• Vacuum fluorescent display to provide easy viewing, even in direct sunlight

• Battery backup of up to 90 minutes for powering the GPS 155 in case of aircraft electrical power failure

Advanced Navigation

• Non-Precision approaches for over 5,000 U. S. airports

• Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs)

• Full-featured fuel and trip planning and E6-B capabilities

• User checklists, schedulers and timers for keeping track of maintenance requirements, procedures and flight times

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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i

Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Accessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-vi

Key and Knob Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii-viii

Flying Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

PART TWO: REFERENCE

Section 1: Navigation with the GPS 155 (Nkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22

Navigating and planning

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

Section 2: Database and Waypoints (W& Tkeys) . . . . . . . . . . . .23-47

Finding and using database and waypoint information

Section 3: Direct-to & Route Navigation (D& Rkeys) . . . . . . . .48-61

Activating direct-to navigation; creating & using routes

Section 4: Approaches, SIDs and STARs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62-82

Selecting and flying non-precision approaches, SIDs and STARs

Section 5: Unit Settings (Skey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83-93

Configuring the GPS 155 your preferences

To quickly and easily locate information

on specific tasks, please refer to the Index

on page 117.

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INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

Appendix A: NavData® Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94-95

Appendix B: Installation & Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96-97

Appendix C: Abbreviations & Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98-107

Appendix D: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Appendix E: Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109-110

Appendix F: Troubleshooting Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-116

Appendix G: Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117-120

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INTRODUCTION

B D

Key and Knob Functions

The power/brightness knob controls unit power and screen brightness

The direct-to key performs an instant GOTO and allows you to enter a waypoint and sets a direct course to the destination.

The nearest key is used to obtain information on the 9 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and 2 nearest FSSs. The nearest key also accesses any active SUA information. (See Section 2 for more information on the nearest waypoints.)

The set key allows you to customize the settings on your unit to your preferences, and view GPS coverage and receiver status. (See Section 5 for more information on unit settings.)

The route key enables you to create, edit, activate and invert routes, and access approaches, SIDs and STARs. Search-and-rescue, parallel offset and closest point of approach are also performed using the route key. (See Section 3 for more information on routes.)

The waypoint key is used to view information such as runways, frequencies, position, and comments on airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. (See Section 2 for more information on the database and waypoints.)

The nav key is used to view navigation and position information. Planning operations are also performed using the Nkey. (See Section 1 for more information on navigation and planning operations.)

Key & Knob Functions

The GPS 155 is designed to minimize keystrokes to perform operations. There are typically several ways to perform the same operation. In general, using the knobs will decrease keystrokes and time spent using the GPS 155. Experiment to find the most effective way to use the GPS 155 to your advantage.

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INTRODUCTION

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Key & Knob Functions

Scrolling Arrow Prompts

Whenever the GPS 155 is displaying a list of information that is too long for the display screen, the scrolling arrow prompt will indicate which direction to scroll to view additional listings.

To scroll through a list with the flashing cursor inactive, simply rotate the inner knob. If the scrolling cursor is active, use the outer knob to view additional information.

The cursor key is used to activate/deactivate the cursor. The cursor is indi-

\ M

the inner knob and Ofor the outer knob. Experiment with the concentric knobs. This will greatly reduce the amount of time required to navigate with the GPS 155.

questions regarding the GPS 155, please contact our customer service department at:

cated by flashing characters on the screen and is used for data entry, changing fields or cycling through available information.

The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry.

The message key is used to view receiver messages and to alert you to important warnings and requirements.

The enter key is used to approve an operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.

The outer knob is used to advance through pages, advance the cursor or move through data fields.

The inner knob is used to change data or scroll through information that cannot fit on the screen all at once.

This manual will describe how to enter data using the concentric knobs;

GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer. If you have any

GARMIN International, Inc. 9875 Widmer Rd. Lenexa, KS 66215-1239 (913) 599-1515 (913) 599-2103 (FAX)

for

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The GARMIN GPS 155 is a powerful navigational tool that provides pilots with accurate navigational information and non-precision approaches, SIDs and STARs. The Flying Start section is designed to get you familiar with the operation of the GPS

155. This will include powering up the unit and acquiring satellites, entering data and activating a simple direct-to. This section also briefly covers the Position and CDI navigation pages, which you’ll use for most of your in-flight navigation.

The Flying Start assumes that the GPS and antenna have been correctly installed and that you have not changed any of the factory default settings for the unit. If you have changed any settings (position formats, units of measure, etc.), the descriptions and pictures used may not match your configuration. Prior to using your GPS 155 for the first time, we recommend that you taxi to location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.

Powering up the GPS 155 for first time use

The GPS 155’s power and screen brightness are controlled using the Bknob at the bottom left of the unit. Rotating it clockwise will turn the unit on and progressively brighten the display. This knob also locks the NavData®card (included with your unit) in place, so that it may not be removed during operation. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test.

The Database page will appear, showing the current database information on the NavData®card, with the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type indicated. Databases are updated every 28 days, and must be current for approved approach and IFR operations. Information on database subscriptions is available inside your GPS 155 package.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

Welcome Page.

Database Confirmation Page.

To acknowledge the database information:

1. Press the

key.

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INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

Once the database has been acknowledged, the Satellite Status page will appear, and the GPS 155 will begin to collect satellite information. An ‘Acquiring’ status will be displayed on the Satellite Status page, and the signal values on the bottom line of the page will begin displaying numeric values. This is a good indication that you are receiving signals, and satellite lock will occur. Following the first time use of your GPS 155, the time required for a position fix will vary, usually from 2 to 5 minutes.

If the unit can only obtain enough satellites for 2D navigation (no altitude), the unit will use the altitude provided by your altitude encoder, if one is connected and working. If not, you will be prompted to enter the altitude with a ‘Need alt- Press NAV’ message. If this message occurs, press the Nkey and use the Kand

knobs to enter the altitude shown on your altimeter. Press Ewhen finished.

Acquiring satellite data.

If the GPS 155 has not been operated for a period of six months, or has moved over 300 miles without actively tracking satellites, it may have to ‘Search the Sky’ to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 7 1/2 to 30 minutes. The Status page

Enter the altitude manually if necessary.

will display a ‘Searching the Sky’ status, and the message annunciator (

key, will also flash to alert you of a system message.

To view a system message

1. Press M.

), next to the

The message page will appear and display the status or warning information applicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.

Searching the Sky Message.

To return to the previous page after viewing a message

1. Press M.

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After the GPS 155 acquires satellites and computes a position, the Position page will appear automatically, and you’ll be informed with a ‘Ready for navigation’ message on the message page.

Altitude

Field

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

Reference Waypoint Field

Position Field

The Position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field, and is also used to enter barometric pressure during approach operations. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are also selectable (see Section 1 for more information) to allow you to configure the unit to your own preferences. The default settings are:

• Altitude— Your present GPS altitude

• Present Position— Latitude and longitude displayed in degrees/minutes

• Reference Waypoint— The bearing and distance to the nearest airport

The Position page is one of four pages available under the GPS 155’s NAV key: The Position page, CDI page, NAV Menu 1 and NAV Menu 2. During most flights, the Position page and the CDI (course deviation indicator) page will be the primary pages used for navigation. The pages available under each key are accessible by pressing the desired key and rotating the outer knob, or by pressing the NAV key repeatedly.

CDI page.

NAV Menu 1.

NAV Menu 2.

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INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

The GPS 155 uses direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page with the DIRECT-TO (D) key.

To select a direct-to destination:

1. Press the

key. The CDI page will appear with the destination field flashing.

Entering a direct-to destination.

A direct-to may also be performed from any page that displays a single waypoint identifier (the nearest airport page in this example) by simply pressing the D key, followed by ENTER.

2. Rotate the tination waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.

3. Rotate the

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identifier.

5. Press

6. Press

Once the direct-to destination is confirmed, the CDI page will appear with the

knob to enter the first letter of the destination waypoint identifier. The des-

knob to the right to move the cursor to the next character position.

to confirm the identifier. The waypoint confirmation page will appear.

to confirm the destination.

destination indicated in the lower left hand corner of the screen. As well as displaying the current destination waypoint, the CDI page displays your present speed and track over the ground, and the distance and estimated time enroute to your destination. The graphical CDI, located at the top left of the screen, displays your position relative to the desired course and provides turn anticipation and waypoint messages during route

and approach navigation.

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In addition to the destination field and graphical CDI, the GPS 155 CDI page features four selectable fields for various navigation data so the page may be configured to your own preferences. The default settings for the CDI page are:

• Ground Speed (gs)— Your present speed over the ground in knots

• Distance (dis)— The distance to your destination in nautical miles

• Track (trk)— Your present course over the ground

• Estimated Time Enroute (ete)— The time to your destination based

upon your present speed and course in hours and minutes

Once a direct-to is activated, the CDI page will provide navigation to the destination until the direct-to is cancelled or another direct-to destination is activated.

To cancel a direct-to from the CDI page:

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

1. Press the

2. Press

3. Press

key to activate the destination field.

The GPS 155’s NRST key provides the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints, as well as the two closest FSSs (Flight Service Stations) and any SUA (special use airspace) alerts for your present position. The nearest waypoint feature is a handy safety feature that may be used to execute a quick direct-to in case of an in-flight emergency or to review the closest facilities to your present position.

To view the nine nearest airports

1. Press the Tkey. The nearest airport will be displayed, with position, frequency and runway data.

2. To review the rest of the nearest airport list, rotate the

knob to the right.

CDI page with an active destination.

Nearest Airport Page.

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INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

To view the nine nearest list for other waypoint categories (VOR, NDB, etc.)

1. Rotate the Oknob to the right, or press the Tkey repeatedly.

2. Rotate Kto scroll through the list.

Once the nearest airport (or any other nearest waypoint) page is displayed, the

selected waypoint can be quickly reviewed or selected as a direct-to destination.

The Nearest VOR Page.

To review a nearest waypoint, simply highlight the identifier and press ENTER.

To review the selected waypoint from the nearest waypoint list

1. Press Cto activate the waypoint field.

2. Press Eto display the waypoint identification page.

3. Rotate Oto view any additional waypoint information available.

4. Press Tto return to the nearest waypoint page.

To select a nearest waypoint as a direct-to destination

1. Press the Dkey. The waypoint position page for the selected waypoint will appear.

2. Press Eto confirm the destination.

The GPS 155 is normally connected to power through the avionics master switch.

When the master switch is turned off while the unit is operating, the GPS 155 will

display a power down warning page. The power down page features a timer which will count down from 30 seconds when the unit senses that power is off. After 30 seconds, the GPS 155 will shut off. If you want to continue navigation, press any key during the countdown, and the unit will continue using the internal backup battery.

The GPS 155 will operate on an internal battery if external power is lost.

To turn the GPS 155 off:

1. Turn the

knob to the left until the unit shuts off.

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Section 1

Navigation Key

The GPS 155 features four navigation pages to provide various position, course, speed and planning information. The navigation pages may viewed by pressing the NAV key and rotating the outer knob, or pressing the Nkey repeatedly.

NAV KEY

Overview

CDI Page

NAV Menu 1 NAV Menu 2

Position Page

The CDI and Position pages are the primary pages used during in-flight navigation, while the two nav menu pages offer access to planning and calculation functions. Note that rotating the outer knob clockwise will continuously cycle through all the nav pages, while turning the knob counterclockwise stops the page selection sequence at the CDI page.

Whenever the NAV key pages are in use, the indicator light (U) next to the NAV key will illuminate. If the GPS 155 requires you to enter data on the Position page, the message indicator will flash and a message prompt with specific instructions will appear. If you leave the NAV page sequence for another set of pages, the last NAV page displayed will appear when you return to the nav sequence.

Remember! The NAV pages will only display information AFTER the position and navigational information has been calculated from the satellites. If you are on the Position page before the unit has calculated a position, you will be able to enter an approximate position and altitude. This is helpful in speeding satellite acquisition if the unit has moved a great distance with the power off.

If you are not sure whether the GPS is actively calculating a position, check the receiver status field for ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ by pressing the SET key and rotating the outer knob to the left. The current receiver status is displayed at the top left of the page.

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NAV KEY

CDI Page

The GPS 155’s CDI page provides you with the important information needed to

navigate directly to your destination. The destination field, located at the bottom left of the page, displays the current destination waypoint or active route leg being navigated. If no direct-to destination, route or approach is being navigated, the destination field will display a dashed leg (____È_____).

The CDI page with desired track and estimated

time enroute displayed.

CDI/Messages Field

Distance/

Steer Field

Active Route Leg or Direct- ETE Field Displaying Track

Ground Speed/Steer Field

Track/Turn

Field

The graphical CDI at the top left of the page shows your position relative to the desired course (the moving D-bar) to the destination waypoint. The TO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are heading to (an up arrow) the waypoint or from the waypoint (a down arrow). Note that the GPS 155 always

If the GPS 155 is not currently navigating to a waypoint, ‘No actv wpt’ will be displayed in the CDI field.

navigates TO a waypoint unless the GPS SEQ switch is set to the HOLD position or you have passed the last waypoint in a route. The default setting of the CDI scale is

5.0 nm. The CDI field is also used to display the GPS 155’s turn anticipation and waypoint alert data during route and approach operations (See sections 3 and 4). In addition to displaying your active destination and the course deviation indicator, the CDI page features four selectable fields for various distance, direction and time options. This allows you to configure the CDI page to your preferences. The default settings displayed are ground speed, distance, track and estimated time enroute.

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The following functions may be displayed in the ground speed field:

• gs -- Your present speed over the ground.

• str --Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’

indicates which direction to steer, while the distance value indicates how far you are off course.

The following functions may be displayed in the distance field:

• dis -- Distance from present position to the ‘active to’ waypoint.

• str -- Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’

indicates which direction to steer to return to your original course, while the distance value indicates how far you are off course.

The following steering functions may be displayed in the track field:

• trk -- Track, the direction of movement relative to the ground.

• brg -- Bearing, the direction from your present position to the waypoint.

• cts -- Course to steer to reduce cross track error and stay on course.

• dtk -- Desired track, the course between the active from and to waypoints.

• trn -- Turn, the direction and degrees to turn to get back on the most

direct course to the destination waypoint.

The following information can be displayed in the ete field:

• eta -- Estimated Time of Arrival (at the active to waypoint)

• ete -- Estimated Time Enroute (to the active to waypoint)

• trk -- Track, or the direction of movement relative to the ground

• vn -- Vertical Navigation, or VNAV. If VNAV has been activated

(See page 16-17), this field indicates either the elapsed time before the VNAV maneuver is to begin or the VNAV altitude (the suggested altitude you should be flying in order to complete the maneuver).

NAV KEY

CDI Page

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The GPS 155 position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude

and a reference waypoint field; and is also used to enter barometric pressure during approach operations. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and current navigation needs.

NAV KEY

Position Page

Altitude, MSA or ESA (selec-

table)

Position

Waypoint Reference Field

(selectable)

Barometric Pressure

(during approach navigation)

The altitude field can display either the present altitude, minimum safe altitude (MSA) or the enroute safe altitude (ESA). MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within approximately ten miles of your present position. ESA is the recommended minimum altitude within ten miles of your course on an active route or direct-to. MSA and ESA altitudes are calculated from information contained in the database and generally includes mountains, buildings and other permanent features (see right).

To change the altitude field to display other information:

1. Press

2. Use

3. Press

to obtain a flashing cursor.

to change the field to display the desired data.

to return to normal navigation.

Position page displaying MSA.

The same Position page displaying ESA. If you are on a route from New York City to Los Angeles, the MSA would be 2700 ft. at KJFK to account for objects in the area. However, the ESA would be 16,700 feet to account for the course flying through the Rocky Mountains.

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NAV KEY

Position Page/Reference Wpt

The Position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom

of the page, to indicate your radial and distance from a selected waypoint. The reference waypoint field can display the following:

• Range, radial and identifier of the nearest airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint

• Range, radial and identifier from a user specified waypoint

The default setting is to display the nearest airport. During DME arc approach operations, the reference waypoint field will automatically display the DME reference as long as the active to waypoint is part of the DME arc.

To change the reference waypoint field to display the nearest airport, VOR, NDB,

intersection, user waypoint or the range and radial from a user selected waypoint:

Position page displaying KFOE airport as the reference waypoint.

Position page displaying the TOP VOR as the reference waypoint. This configuration is used to monitor your distance and radial to the reference waypoint during DME ARC approaches. See Section 4 for more information on approach operation.

1. Press Cto obtain a cursor.

2. Rotate Oto highlight the proximity field after the fr.

3. Use Kto choose which waypoint type you would like displayed. (Choose ‘wpt’ if you would like a specific waypoint range and bearing to be displayed.)

4. Press Cto remove the cursor, or:

If you have selected ‘wpt’:

5. Rotate Oto advance the cursor to highlight the identifier field.

6. Use the

7. Press Cto confirm the selection.

and Oknobs to enter the identifier name. (This waypoint identifier can be

an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.) Press

This allows any waypoint’s distance and radial to be listed on the Position page

continuously. This is especially useful when trying to locate your position on a

sectional or when an approach reference is not the closest navaid.

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The GPS 155 features two nav menu pages for a host of valuable planning and

calculating functions. NAV Menu 1 provides access to the following functions:

• Trip Planning • Density altitude/true air speed calc.

• Fuel Planning • Winds aloft calculations

• VNAV Planning • Checklist

Trip Plan is the first function listed on NAV Menu 1 and allows you to view

information regarding distance, ESA, bearing and estimated time enroute between any two waypoints and programmed route legs. The ground speed can also be varied manually to calculate several possible ETEs.

To use the trip planning function:

1. Press Nand rotate Oto display NAV Menu 1.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Trip Planning

2. Press C, then Eto access trip planning.

3. Rotate Kto select waypoint mode or the desired route number and press E.

4. For direct-to navigation, use to accept the waypoints (to use your present position as a waypoint, leave the corresponding waypoint field blank).

5. For route calculations, choose either ‘cum’ for cumulative data (from beginning to end) or the leg desired by rotating

6. Use Kand Oto enter the ground speed. Press Eto calculate the values.

7. Press Cto complete.

and Oenter the ‘to’ and ‘from’ waypoints. Press

The trip direction, distance, ESA and ETE will be displayed on the bottom two lines

of the planning page.

NAV Menu 1.

Using the trip planning function.

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NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Density Altitude

Entering an indicated altitude.

The density altitude/true air speed function is also accessed from NAV Menu 1.

Density altitude is the altitude at which your aircraft will perform depending on several environmental conditions including air pressure and total air temperature (the temperature including the effect of speed), read on a standard outside temperature gauge on most aircraft). True air speed considers the same factors.

To calculate the density altitude and true air speed:

1. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight ‘Dalt/tas?’.

2. Press Eto access the density altitude page.

3. Using

and O, enter the indicated altitude (ialt) according to the aircraft instruments.

Press

4. Use

5. Use

6. Use Kand Oto enter the total air temperature (tat) according to aircraft instruments.

and Oto enter the calibrated air speed (cas) according to the aircraft instruments.

Press

and Oto enter the barometric pressure (pres) obtained from ATC.

Density altitude & true air speed calculated.

7. Press Eand the density altitude and true air speed will be calculated and displayed.

8. Press Cto remove the cursor.

The fuel planning page will display fuel requirements for both direct-to naviga-

tion and programmed routes. The planning function requires the pilot to know the initial amount of fuel on board and the flow rate. You may also enter different ground speeds to view various information based on different travel times, etc. If your installation has interfaced a fuel flow sensor to the GPS 155, the flow rate and other infor-

mation will be used from the sensor, and do not need to be entered manually.

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To perform fuel planning operations:

1. Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Fuel Plan?’. Press E.

2. Use Kto select either ‘wpt’ for direct navigation or the route number you would like to use.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Fuel Planning

3. For direct-to navigation, use to accept the waypoints (to use your present position as a waypoint, leave the corresponding waypoint field blank).

4. For route calculations, choose either ‘cum’ for cumulative route fuel requirements (from beginning to end) or the leg desired by rotating

and Oenter the ‘to’ and ‘from’ waypoints. Press

If leg is selected, it displays the amount of fuel required to fly until that leg is complete.

For example: The fuel required to complete leg 2 is leg 1 + leg 2.

Fuel required to complete leg 4 is leg 1 + leg 2 + leg 3 + leg 4.

5. Rotate Oto advance the cursor to ‘fob:’ or ‘gs:’ (depending on which is displayed).

6. Use Kand Oto enter the fuel on board or the ground speed. Press E.

7. Rotate Oback two positions to highlight the ‘fob:’ or ‘gs:’ field again.

9. Rotate Kto display the other information. Press E.

10. Use Kand Oto enter the remaining data. Press E.

11. Use Kand Oto enter the flow rate, in units per hour, if needed. Press E.

The GPS 155 will calculate the range (distance) and endurance (how long the fuel will last) of your aircraft. These are found in the first field on the bottom row of the page. The fuel left on board (lfob) and reserve after the selected direct-to, leg or route will also be displayed in the second field on the bottom row.

Enter initial fuel on board before takeoff.

Fuel planning with endurance and leftover fuel on board displayed.

Fuel planning with range and reserve displayed.

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NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Winds Aloft/VNAV

The GPS 155 will also perform winds aloft calculations to inform you of the direction

(true) and speed of the wind. This will also inform you whether you are flying with a headwind or tailwind, and its speed.

To calculate winds aloft:

1. Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Winds?’. Press E.

2. Use Kand Oto enter your present heading in the ‘hdg:’ field. Press E.

3. Use

and Oto enter your true air speed (TAS) in the ‘tas:’ field. If you have

calculated it using the GPS 155, it will be displayed as the default. Press

The direction, speed and magnitude of the winds aloft will now be displayed. If the GPS

155 is interfaced to a compatible Air/Data Sensor, these values will be calculated automatically.

Calculating winds aloft.

The VNAV function calculates vertical speed requirements to obtain a desired altitude

before or after a certain distance to a waypoint. This is helpful when you would like to descend to a certain altitude near an airport, or climb to a certain altitude before reaching a certain waypoint or NAVAID.

To calculate vertical navigation parameters:

Entering initial and final altitude.

The recommended VNAV descent will be displayed in the ‘at’ field.

1. Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Vnav Plan?’. Press

2. Use Kand Oto enter the initial (from) altitude (your present GPS altitude will appear as the default altitude). Press

3. Use Kand Oto enter the desired final (to) altitude. Press E.

4. Use Kand Oto enter the distance from the waypoint. Press E.

5. Rotate Kto select ‘before ’or ‘after’ the waypoint. Press E.

6. Use Kand Oto enter the waypoint identifier from the active route. If you are on a route, or a direct-to, the active ‘to’ identifier will be displayed as default. Press

Page 27

You will now notice that the vertical speed field has been calculated. If you desire

a faster climb or descent, you may enter that value now.

7. Use Kand Oto enter the new desired vertical speed, or press Eto accept the calculated value.

If you enter a greater value, the GPS 155 will display the elapsed time before the maneuver is to begin. When the countdown reaches 15 seconds, you will be informed with the message ‘Start altitude chng’. The VNAV function will automatically be cancelled if the active route is changed in any way. In this case, you will be informed with a ‘VNAV cancelled’ message.

The GPS 155 will allow you to create up to nine checklists with 30 items each to remind you of repetitive tasks that can be called up at any time for review. The checklist feature is useful for creating pre-flight checklists, landing checklists, emergency procedures, etc. Each name or function can have up to 16 characters.

To create or edit a checklist:

1. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight ‘Chklist?’. Press E.

2. Use

to highlight the checklist number you would like to create or edit.

If there are no checklists, you must select the first checklist field. Press

3. Use Kand Oto enter the title of the checklist. Press

The checklist page will appear, where you may now enter each individual item, such as ‘Check Fuel’, etc.

4. Use Kand Oto enter the checklist item. Press E.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Checklists

VNAV displayed on the CDI page.

The scrolling cursor prompt indicates the direction to scroll to view additional checklists.

Entering Pre-Taxi checklist items.

5. You may repeat step 4 to enter additional items, or press Cto finish.

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NAV KEY

NAV Menu 2/Approach Timer

To execute a checklist:

1. Press Cand highlight ‘Chklist?’. Press E.

2. Rotate Oto highlight the checklist you would like to see and press E.

3. Use Oto view checklist items, and press Eto check off a highlighted item.

To delete a checklist item or an entire checklist:

1. To delete a checklist item, highlight the desired item and press

2. To delete an entire checklist, highlight the desired list and press \, followed by E.

, followed by E.

The GPS 155’s NAV Menu 2 provides access to various timer and planning func-

tions, including:

• Approach timer • Clock (Date and time)

To execute a checklist, highlight the desired item

and press ENTER.

• Trip timer • RAIM prediction

• Scheduler • Sunrise and sunset calculations

The approach timer serves as either a count up or a count down timer that can

be set or reset at any time.

To activate/change/view the approach timer:

NAV Menu 2.

Approach Timer.

1. Press Nand rotate Oto display NAV Menu 2.

2. Press C, followed by E.

3. Rotate Kto select either ‘Count up’ or ‘Count down’. Press Eto accept.

4. Use

and Oto set the time to count from, if you are using count down, or the time to

begin counting, if you are using count up. Press

5. Rotate Oto select desired function, ‘Start?’, ‘Stop?’, or ‘Reset?’. Press Eto execute.

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When the count down timer reaches zero, you will be informed with a ‘Timer expired’ message. The timer will then begin to count up, keeping track of how long it has been since it expired. The count up timer will not display a message. The timers run, if not altered, any time the GPS 155 is on.

The GPS 155 clock function keeps track of both UTC time (Greenwich Mean Time, or Zulu Time calculated from the satellites) and local time, and allows you to designate which time format is used for ETA calculations. The local time and date can be set without doing a UTC to local time conversion manually.

To set the local date/time:

1. Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Clock?’. Press E.

2. Use

3. Use

4. Use Kand Oto set the local time. Press E.

5. Press Cto complete.

to select either UTC or local time to be displayed in the ETA fields. Press E.

and Oto set the local date. Press E.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Timer & Clock

Timer expired message.

The GPS 155’s trip timer keeps track of the duration of your current trip, and can help you maintain accurate records and logs. The timer will count whenever the GPS 155 is on, or when your ground speed exceeds a specified setting (see page 90).

To view or reset the trip timer:

1. Press

and use Oto highlight ‘Trip Time?’. Press E. The current time of day,

departure time and time enroute will be displayed.

2. To reset the timer, press

. To skip resetting the timer, press C.

Entering a local time.

Resetting the trip timer.

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NAV KEY

NAV Menu 2/RAIM Prediction

Enter the time and date for RAIM prediction.

The RAIM Prediction function allows you to confirm that GPS coverage is avail- able for a specific location or waypoint, any day of the year. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring performs checks to ensure that the GPS 155 will have adequate satellite geometry to work with during your flight. RAIM availability will be near 100% in Oceanic, En route, and Terminal phases of flight. Because the FAA’s TSO requirements for non-precision approaches specify significantly better satellite coverage than other flight phases, RAIM may not to be available when flying some approaches. The GPS 155 will automatically monitor RAIM during approach operations and warn you if RAIM is not available. RAIM prediction will help you plan for a pending flight to confirm that the GPS 155 can be used for an approach, and should be calculated the night before or the day of the desired flight.

To predict RAIM availability:

1. Press

and rotate Oto highlight ‘RAIM Prd?’. Press E. The cursor highlight will appear on the ‘Compute RAIM?’ prompt, ready to compute RAIM for your present position and time. To compute RAIM, press er date or time, or at any waypoint in the database, perform steps 2 through 6.

2. Rotate

to highlight the field which you would like to change.

. If you want to see if RAIM is available at anoth-

Confirm the selected waypoint.

RAIM available for the entered date & time.

3. Use

and Oto enter the waypoint name, or leave it blank to use your current posi-

tion. Press

4. Use and minutes (in local or UTC time, whichever you have selected from the clock display). The current date will be displayed automatically. Press

5. Rotate Oto highlight ‘Compute RAIM?’ and press E.

to accept. or:

and Oto enter the day/month/year and the estimated time of arrival in hours

to accept.

When the computations are complete, the GPS 155 will display whether or not

RAIM is available for the specified date and time, +/- 15 minutes of your ETA.

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The scheduler function can be used to display reminder messages after a selected

elapsed time such as Change Oil, Switch fuel tanks, etc. The scheduled message will be displayed after the timer runs out, and each time the GPS 155 is powered up, until the time is changed or the message is deleted.

To enter a scheduled message:

1. Press

2. Rotate message 1).

3. Use

4. Use minutes, up to 99 hours and 59 minutes. (This time is cumulative and counts whenever the GPS 155 is on in Normal mode.)

5. Press press

and rotate Oto highlight ‘Scheduler?’. Press E.

to highlight the message you would like to edit (if none exist, you must edit

and Oto enter the message. Press E.

and Oto set the elapsed time until the message is displayed, in hours and

to accept. To edit another scheduled message, repeat steps 4, 5 and 6, or

to finish.

NAV KEY

NAV MENU 2/Scheduler

Entering a scheduled message.

To delete a scheduled message:

1. Press

2. Rotate

3. Press \, followed by E.

and rotate Oto highlight ‘Scheduler?’. Press E.

to highlight the message you would like to delete.

The scrolling arrow prompt indicates which direction to scroll to view additional listings.

The scheduled message will appear after the timer expires and after the GPS 155 is powered up until it is changed.

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NAV KEY

NAV Menu 2/Sunset Planning

Sunrise and sunset calculated for the selected waypoint on the specified date.

Sunrise/Sunset Page

The last function available from the GPS 155’s NAV Menu 2 is the sunrise/sunset

calculation, which will give you the sunrise and sunset times for any user or data-

base waypoint, or your present position.

To calculate sunrise and sunset at a waypoint or your present position:

1. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight ‘Sunrise?’. Press E.

2. Use

and Oto enter the waypoint identifier, or leave blank to use your current

position. Press

3. Press Eto accept the waypoint confirmation page, if necessary.

4. Use Kand Oto enter the desired date.

5. Press will be displayed in your local time or UTC time, whichever is specified from the clock function on NAV Menu 2.

and the sunrise and sunset times will be calculated and displayed. The times

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Section 2

Waypoint and Database Information

The GPS 155 uses a Jeppesen NavData® card to provide position and facility information for thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs and intersections. Each facility in the database is stored as a waypoint, with its own latitude/longitude, identifier (up to five letters and/or numbers) and other pertinent information. Up to 1,000 user waypoints may also be created and stored in the GPS 155’s internal memory.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Overview

Waypoint Menu Page

Waypoint Comments List

Proximity Waypoints Page

User Waypoint List

Waypoint information is available through four primary waypoint pages accessible from the GPS 155’s WPT key. The waypoint pages may be scrolled through by pressing the WPT key and rotating the outer knob until the desired page is displayed, or by pressing the WPT key repeatedly.

Please note that your GPS 155 uses ICAO identifiers for all airport names. All continental U.S. airport identifiers which contain only letters use the prefix ‘K’. For example, Los Angeles International is KLAX under the ICAO standard. Other airports, such as Otten Memorial (3VS), that contain numbers in the identifier, do not require the ‘K’ prefix. Many foreign countries use 2 letter prefixes. For more information on ICAO identifiers, contact:

Document Sales Unit International Civil Aviation Organization 1000 Sherbrooke, Suite 400 Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 2R2

Page 34

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Waypoint Categories

Waypoint Menu Page.

Airport Position Page.

The GPS 155 organizes waypoints into one of five waypoint categories for your convenience. Each waypoint category provides different types of detailed information for a selected facility:

• Airports - Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, position (lat/lon),

elevation, fuel services, control and approach information, IFR procedures, runways and communications frequencies.

• VORs - Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, position (lat/lon),

frequency, magnetic variation, co-located DME or TACAN and weather broadcast indication.

• NDBs - Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, position (lat/lon),

frequency and weather broadcast indication.

• Intersections - Identifier, country, position (lat/lon), nearest VOR.

• User - Identifier (name), position (lat/lon), reference waypoint.

To view the waypoint information for a desired waypoint, select the waypoint category from the waypoint menu page.

To choose a waypoint category (for viewing information):

1. Press

and rotate Oto display the waypoint menu page.

2. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight the desired waypoint category.

VOR Position Page.

3. Press

to accept the waypoint category. The waypoint identification or position page

for the selected category will appear, with the waypoint identifier field ready for entry.

Page 35

After a waypoint category is selected, information for a waypoint may be viewed by entering the identifier or name of the desired waypoint. Airports, VORs and NDBs may be entered by either the identifier, name or the location (city) of the facility. Intersections and user waypoints must be entered by the identifier.

To enter a waypoint identifier:

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Entering Waypoints

1. With the flashing cursor over the waypoint field, use waypoint identifier.

and Oto enter the

As the identifier is entered, the GPS 155’s Spell’N’Find feature will scroll through the available database, displaying any waypoints with the same identifier letters you have entered to that point. When the desired waypoint is displayed, press Cto remove the cursor.

To obtain waypoint information by entering the facility name of the airport, the name of the VOR or NDB or its location:

1. Press Wand rotate Oto display the waypoint menu page.

2. Rotate Oto highlight the desired waypoint category.

3. Press Eto accept waypoint category.

4. Rotate Oto highlight the middle field to enter location (city) OR:

Rotate Oto highlight the bottom field to enter facility name, or VOR/NDB name.

5. Use Kand Oto enter the location or the name and press Cto finish.

As the information is entered, the GPS 155 will display any entries in its database which match the letters you have entered so far. If duplicate entries exist for the entered identifier, name or location, additional entries may be viewed by rotating

until the desired waypoint is displayed. As soon as the desired waypoint is displayed, press Cto continue.

Entering a waypoint by facility name.

Entering a waypoint by city. NOTE: Punctuation marks are not used when entering locations or names. Use spaces, where appropriate, to identify these marks. For example, St. Louis would be entered as “ST LOUIS” without a period.

Page 36

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Airport Information

Once a waypoint category and identifier have been selected, the GPS 155 will provide extensive information through a set of waypoint pages for the selected category. We’ll now go through the pages available for each waypoint category in the order they appear on the waypoint menu page: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints.

Airport Information

Airport Identification Page

Airport Comments Page

Airport Runway Page

Airport Communication Page

To scroll through the airport pages:

1. Make sure the cursor is not flashing. If it is, press C.

2. Rotate Oin either direction to scroll through the available pages.

Airport Position Page

Airport Procedures Page

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The GPS 155 features six airport pages:

airport identification— allows entry of desired airport by identifier, facility name or city; displays region and/or country of facility.

airport position— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays latitude, longitude and elevation; usage or fuel availability, available approaches and airport control/radar capability.

airport procedures— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays all available approaches, SIDs and STARs at the selected facility.

airport communication— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays radio frequencies/usage, and sector and altitude restrictions.

airport runway— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays runway designations, length, surface and lighting information; ILS/localizer and/or pilot controlled lighting frequencies.

airport comments— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays user comments for the selected airport.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Airport Pages

Airport Position Page.

Identifier

City/State

Region/Country

Facility Name

The airport identification page displays a selected airport’s identifier, region and

country, city/state and facility name. The identification page is always the first airport page available, allowing you to quickly review an airport facility or select another facility by entering the identifier, facility name or city of the desired airport.

Airport Communication Page.

Airport Runway Page.

Page 38

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Airport Position Page

The airport position page displays the latitude, longitude and elevation of the selected airport, as well as usage or fuel availability, available approaches and airport control/radar capability. The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport position page:

Elevation— In feet or meters. Usage/Fuel— If the airport is for military use, it will display ‘military’.

If it is private, the GPS 155 will display ‘private’. If it is a public airport, it will display the fuel type(s) available:

• av gas— 80-87 octane, 100 LL, 100-130 octane or

mogas is available

Position— In degrees/minutes or degrees/minutes/seconds of latitude

Approach Information - displays the airport approaches available

• jet— Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet A+ fuel is available

• av/jet— Both av gas and jet fuel are available

and longitude.

• no apr— No approach is available

• np-apr— Non-precision approach is available

• loc— Localizer approach is available

• ils— ILS approach is available

1. Identifier (selectable)

2. Elevation

3. Fuel Availability

4. Airport Position

5. Approach Information

6. Controlled Airspace/Radar Capability

Controlled Airspace Information— displays controlled airspace type

• class B • cta

• class C • tma

Radar— displays approach/departure radar capability

• radar— indicates radar is present

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The airport procedures page displays all the available approaches, SIDs and STARs at

any selected airport in the database, without placing a specific approach, SID or STAR in the active route. This allows the pilot to quickly scan the procedures of any nearby airport in case of an emergency or help plan future flights. You may view the available non-precision approaches, SIDs or STARs by selecting the desired list from the procedure type field.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Airport Procedures Page

Identifier

(selectable)

Scrolling Arrow Prompt

To view the available proce-

dures for a selected airport:

1. Press Wand rotate Oto display the procedures page.

2. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight the procedure field.

3. Rotate Kto select the approach, SID or STAR list.

4. Press Cto remove the flashing cursor.

Procedure Type (selectable)

Availabile Procedures

Whenever there are more than two available procedures for a selected category, the GPS 155 will display a scrolling arrow prompt on the left side of the list. To view additional procedures, simply rotate Kwith the cursor removed. As you scroll through the list, the arrow prompt will point ‘down’ to indicate additional listings below the displayed procedures, or ‘up’ to indicate additional listings above. If you’re in the middle of a list, a double arrow will be displayed to indicate the list may be scrolled up or down.

SIDs Procedures Page.

STARs Procedures Page.

Page 40

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Airport Communication Page

Airport Communication Page.

Approach frequency with restrictions.

The airport communication page displays the radio frequencies and usage for

the selected airport, as well as sector and altitude restrictions.

To view the communication page from any of the airport information pages:

1. Rotate Owith the flashing cursor removed to display the communication page.

2. Rotate Kin the direction of the arrow prompt to view additional frequencies.

The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the communication page:

Frequencies without restriction information:

• ats - Automatic terminal information service (ATIS)

• ptx - Pre-taxi

• clr - Clearance delivery

• gnd - Ground

• twr - Tower

• uni - Unicom

• mul - Multicom

• atf - Aerodrome traffic frequency

• ctf - Common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF)

• mf - Mandatory frequency

• oth - Other frequencies

Frequencies with restriction information:

• dep - Departure • apr - Approach

• arv - Arrival • class B

• cta - ICAO control area • tma - ICAO terminal control area

• class C • trsa - Terminal radar service area

‘Receive only’ frequencies will display an ‘rx’ indicator, while ‘transmit only’ frequencies will display a ‘tx’. If a frequency has sector and/or altitude restrictions, they will also be displayed. Sector restrictions define a range of radials from the facility, while altitude restrictions may describe an area above, below or between

altitudes. Additional frequency usage instructions, if available, will be displayed on the bottom line.

Page 41

The airport runway page displays runway designations, length, surface and

lighting for the selected airport, as well as ILS/localizer and/or pilot controlled lighting frequencies.

To view the runway page from any of the airport information pages:

1. Rotate Owith the flashing cursor removed to display the runway page.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Airport Runway Page

2. To view additional runway information, rotate The scrolling arrow prompt, located beside the identifier field, indicates which direction to scroll for additional runway information.

with the flashing cursor removed.

If a localizer and ILS are used on the same runway, rotating Kwill display

both sets of information.

The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport runway

page:

Runway surfaces:

• hard - Hard (concrete, asphalt, etc.) • turf - Turf (grass)

• seal - Sealed surface • grav - Gravel surface

• dirt - Dirt surface • soft - Unknown soft surface

• unkn -Unknown surface • watr - Water landing site

Runway lighting:

• pt lights - Part time lights

• ft lights - Full time lights

• pc - Pilot controlled (with frequency)

• no lights - No runway lighting

Airport Runway Page.

To view additional runways, rotate the inner knob in the direction of the arrow prompt.

Page 42

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

VOR Information

The GPS 155 features three VOR waypoint pages:

VOR identification— allows entry of desired VOR by identifier, facility name or city; displays region and/or country of facility.

VOR position— allows entry of desired VOR by identifier; displays latitude, longitude and frequency, magnetic variation, weather broadcasts and DME/TACAN information.

VOR comments— allows entry of desired VOR by identifier; displays user comments for the selected facility.

VOR Identification Page.

VOR Position Page.

VOR Comments Page.

VOR information is accessed by entering the desired facility by identifier, city or facility name (see page 25) on any VOR waypoint page. The VOR identification and comments pages are identical in form and function to their airport page counterparts.

To scroll through the VOR pages:

1. Make sure the cursor is not flashing. If it is, press C.

2. Rotate Oin either direction to scroll through the available pages.

In addition to displaying the VOR frequency, magnetic variation and position, the VOR position page indicates if a DME or TACAN is co-located at the facility The ‘wx bdcst’ field indicates that the VOR also transmits weather information.

Page 43

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

NDB Information

NDB Position Page

The GPS 155 also uses identification, position and comments pages for NDB information. The NDB waypoint pages are used in the same manner as VOR pages: NDB information is accessed by entering the desired facility’s identifier, city or name (see page 25) on the NDB identification page.

To scroll through the NDB pages:

1. Make sure the cursor is not flashing. If it is, press C.

2. Rotate Oin either direction to scroll through the available pages.

The NDB position page (see above) displays the selected facility’s identifier, frequency and position, as well as any weather broadcasts available. The NDB comment page will display any user comments for the selected NDB. See page 41 for instructions on entering user comments.

NDB Pages

NDB Identification Page.

NDB Comments Page.

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WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Intersection Information

Intersection Comments Page.

Intersection Information

Intersection Position Page

The last database waypoint category available is intersections. Two intersection pages are available: intersection position and intersection comments. Intersections may be entered by identifier only (not city or name) on either intersection page.

To scroll through the Intersection pages:

1. Make sure the cursor is not flashing. If it is, press C.

2. Rotate Oto toggle between the available pages.

The intersection position page displays the selected facility’s identifier; region and/or country, latitude and longitude and the identifier, distance and bearing to the nearest VOR (not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection). The intersection comment page will display any user comments for the selected intersection (see page 41).

Page 45

User Waypoint Information

In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection waypoints contained in your NavData® card, the GPS 155 allows you to store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. Once a user waypoint is created, two user waypoint pages will display the following information:

• Waypoint identifier

• Position in latitude and longitude

• Identifier, range and bearing from a reference waypoint

• User comments

To scroll between the user waypoint position page and the user comments page, rotate O. User waypoints may be created or modified using the Wkey. After select-

ing the waypoint identifier, as shown on page 25, you will be prompted to enter information if the waypoint is new. There are three ways to create a user waypoint’s position from the Wkey:

1. Enter the exact position of the new waypoint.

2. Reference a known waypoint.

3. Enter a range and bearing from your current position.

To create or edit a user waypoint:

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

User Waypoint Overview

User Waypoint Position Page.

User Waypoint Comments Page.

1. Press W.

2. Use Oto highlight the ‘user?’ field. Press E.

3. Use Kand Oto enter the waypoint identifier. Press E.

Entering a user waypoint name.

Page 46

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Creating User Waypoints

Select a waypoint entry method.

If the waypoint identifier entered does not exist in the database, you will be prompted to select the method to enter the new waypoint’s position into the database. If the waypoint exists (you’re just reviewing or editing a user waypoint), skip step 4 and move on to the next set of instructions.

4. Select the desired waypoint entry method using Oand press E.

You will automatically be placed on the latitude and longitude field (if you selected ‘enter posn?’), or the ‘from’ field (if you select ‘ref wpt?’), or the ‘bearing’ field (if you select ‘rng/brg from posn?’).

To enter/edit the position of the user waypoint:

1. Use

and Oto enter the latitude. You may select either north or south and enter a

latitude up to (but not including) 90°.

2. Press

3. Use

and Oto enter the longitude. You may select either east or west and enter a

longitude up to (but not including) 180°.

4. Press

User waypoints may be created by referencing another waypoint in the database. The GPS 155 will automatically calculate the new waypoint’s coordinates after a bearing and distance have been entered.

Once the latitude and longitude have been entered, the flashing cursor will move to the reference waypoint field, where you may enter a reference waypoint to calculate a bearing and distance to the new waypoint position. If you are not entering a reference waypoint:

5. Press Eto advance the flashing cursor to the ‘ok?’ prompt and press Eto save the new waypoint in internal memory.

Page 47

To enter/edit a user waypoint position from a reference waypoint:

1. Use

2. Press E.

3. Use Kand Oto enter the bearing from the reference waypoint.

4. Press E.

5. Use Kand Oto enter the distance from the reference waypoint.

6. Press E. The latitude and longitude will be calculated for the waypoint.

7. Press Eto confirm the ‘ok?’ prompt and save the waypoint position.

and Oto enter the reference waypoint’s identifier.

If you have chosen to create a waypoint at a certain bearing and distance from your current position, your current position will be displayed and you will enter the bearing and distance you would like the new waypoint to be located.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

User Waypoints By Reference

To create a user waypoint offset from your present position:

1. Use Kand Oto enter the bearing from your position.

2. Press E.

3. Use Kand Oto enter the distance from your position.

4. Press E. The latitude and longitude will be calculated for the new waypoint.

5. Press Eto confirm the ‘ok?’ prompt and save the waypoint position.

To create a user waypoint from your present position, leave the reference waypoint field blank and enter a bearing and distance from your present position. The GPS 155 will calculate the new waypoint’s coordinates automatically.

Page 48

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Using AutoStore

AutoStore waypoint with default name.

The GPS 155’s AutoStoreTMfunction provides another method of creating user

waypoints. AutoStore is used to instantly capture your present position as a user waypoint with a touch of a button, and add the new waypoint to the end of a specified route if desired.

To perform an AutoStore:

1. Press Nand rotate Oto display the Position page.

2. Press Eto mark your position.

This will display the ‘Save’ waypoint screen which will allow you to rename the waypoint if you would like and choose the route to which it should be added. The GPS 155 will assign the next available three digit number as the default waypoint name, preceded by a ‘+’ sign (this will help you differentiate AutoStore waypoints from other user waypoints).

To change the name or the route of an AutoStore waypoint:

1. Rotate Oto select the name or route number field.

2. Use Kand Oto enter the name or route number.

The default waypoint name may be changed before saving the waypoint.

3. Press Eto accept.

4. Press Eto confirm the ‘ok?’ prompt.

If the waypoint name is already used for another waypoint, you will be informed with the message ‘WPT exists ______’. The default waypoint number will be redisplayed, and you may enter a different name The new waypoint will only be added to a route if the desired route number is manually entered in the route field.

Page 49

The second page available from the GPS 155’s WPT key is the proximity way-

points page. This page allows you to define an alarm circle around a selected way-

point, and is useful in defining alarm circles around towers or obstructions. Up to 9 proximity waypoints can be entered, with an alarm radius up to 99.9 units (nm, mi,).

To create or edit a proximity waypoint:

1. Press Wand use Oto display the ‘Proximity waypoints’ page.

2. Press Cand use Oto highlight the first available field.

4. Use

and Oto enter the identifier. It may be an airport, VOR, NDB, INT or user

waypoint. Press

5. Use Kand Oto enter the radius of the alarm circle Press E.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Proximity Waypoints Page

If two proximity waypoints, whose alert regions overlap, are entered, you will be

informed with the message ‘Proximity overlap’. This message will be displayed each time you turn on the GPS 155 as long as the overlap remains. WARNING: If you enter the overlap area you will only be informed of the nearest proximity waypoint.

To remove a waypoint from the proximity waypoints page:

1. Press C, if necessary, to obtain a cursor.

2. Press \to erase the name and then Eto delete.

To scroll through the proximity waypoints list:

1. Rotate

with the flashing cursor inactive, (or use Owith the flashing cursor active) to scroll through the available proximity waypoints. The scrolling arrow prompt will indicate the direction to scroll to view additional waypoints, if available.

Creating a proximity waypoint.

Proximity Waypoint List.

Page 50

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

User Waypoint List

User Waypoint List.

Renaming a user waypoint.

The third page available from the GPS 155’s WPT key is the user waypoint list,

which can be used to quickly scan, review, rename or delete user waypoints.

To display the user waypoint list:

1. Press Wand use Oto display the user waypoint list.

2. To scroll through the list, rotate K.

The total number of user waypoints is displayed at the top of the page, with user waypoints listed two at a time in alphabetical order. The scrolling arrow prompt, located at the top left of the page, will indicate which direction to scroll to view additional waypoints. The status of each waypoint, if applicable, will be displayed to the right of the identifier. A status will appear when it is the active to waypoint, part of an active or stored route or a proximity waypoint. To edit, rename or delete waypoints, the cursor must highlight the desired waypoint.

To highlight a waypoint:

1. Press Cand use Oto highlight the desired waypoint.

To edit a highlighted waypoint:

1. Press

to obtain the waypoint position page. Edit the waypoint as described on page 37.

To delete a waypoint from the list:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint and press

To rename a waypoint from the list:

. Press Eto confirm the deletion.

1. Highlight the desired waypoint. Use identifier for the waypoint.

2. Press

on the confirmation page to change the name, or press \to cancel.

and Oto enter a new

Page 51

The last page available through the GPS 155’s WPT key is the waypoint com-

ments page, which lists all waypoints that have a user comment. User comments

may be added to 250 waypoints stored in the user or NavData®database, and are helpful to note two lines of special information concerning a particular waypoint.

To enter user comments:

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Waypoint Comments Page

1. Enter the waypoint identifier from any waypoint page (see page 25), and press remove the flashing cursor.

2. Rotate

to display the ‘comments’ page.

3. Press Cand use Oto highlight either the second or third line.

4. Use Kand Oto enter the comment.

5. Press Eto accept, and repeat, if necessary, to enter information on another line.

6. Press Cto remove the cursor.

To view the waypoints with comments list:

1. Press

and use Oto display the ‘Wpts with comments’ page.

2. Use Kto scroll through the list.

The GPS 155 will display the waypoints with comments in alphabetical order, up to six waypoints at a time. The scrolling arrow prompt will indicate which direction to scroll to view additional waypoints. These waypoints may be highlighted, reviewed, changed, etc. just as they would if they were accessed from the waypoint menu page.

To view comments for a selected waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint and press E.

2. Rotate Oto display any other available pages for the selected waypoint.

Entering waypoint comments.

Waypoints with Comments List.

Page 52

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Waypoint Confirmation

The GPS 155’s extensive waypoint database makes it possible for several way-

points to share the same identifier. To ensure that you are selecting the waypoint desired, the GPS 155 will always offer the waypoint confirmation page (that shows the waypoint’s position) when an identifier is entered for a particular function.

To accept the waypoint position:

1. Place the cursor over the ‘ok?’ prompt and press E.

To reject the waypoint position:

1. Place the cursor over the ‘ok?’ prompt and press

Waypoint Scanning

To simplify waypoint entry, the GPS 155 provides

a waypoint scanning feature that allows you to

scan airports, VORs, NDBs & intersections by

identifier, facility name or city. To enter a way-

point by scanning:

• With the flashing cursor over a blank identifier field, press the

O to highlight the waypoint category you

• Use wish to scan.

• Press

• Place the flashing cursor over the field you want to scan (identifier, city or facility name).

• Enter the letters of the identifier, city or facility name. The GPS 155 will scan the database and fill in the first identifier, city or facility that matches your entry.

• Press again to enter the waypoint for the function

being used.

W key.

E to activate the scanning mode.

E to accept the waypoint, and E

Once a waypoint has been accepted or rejected, the previous page will be displayed. If there is more than one waypoint available for a selected identifier, the GPS 155 will display the duplicate waypoint page for you to choose the desired waypoint. The waypoint identifier and number of duplicates will be shown at the top of the page, with the waypoint type and region of each duplicate indicated below. The waypoints listed are sorted by the distance from your present position.

To scroll through additional duplicate waypoints:

1. Rotate Owith the flashing cursor active, or Kwith the flashing cursor inactive.

To select the desired waypoint from the duplicates list:

1. Activate the flashing cursor and rotate

2. Press E. The waypoint confirmation page will appear.

3. Press

over the ‘ok?’ prompt to accept the waypoint or \to reject the waypoint

and return to the duplicate waypoints list.

to highlight the desired waypoint.

Page 53

The GPS 155’s NRST key provides detailed information including range and bear-

ing from present position on the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints within 200 nm of your current position. In addition, it will also display the two nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) points of communication, and alert you to any Special Use Airspace (SUA) you may be in or near. The NRST key can be used in conjunction with the GPS 155’s direct-to function to quickly set a course to a nearby facility in case of an in-flight emergency.

To view the nearest waypoint information:

1. Press T.

This will display the nearest airport to your present position, subject to the run-

way surface type and minimum runway length selected (see page 89).

To scroll through the next eight nearest airports, rotate K.

From the nearest airport page, you can easily examine both the communication

frequencies and the runway information.

To view more comm/runway information:

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

Nearest Waypoints

Nearest Airport Page.

1. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight the comm field or the runway field.

2. Rotate Kto scroll through more information, if available.

To perform a direct-to from any of the nearest waypoint pages:

1. Press D. The waypoint confirmation page will appear.

2. Press

to accept the waypoint or \to cancel.

The nearest waypoints for other categories (VORs, NDBs, etc.) may be viewed

by rotating O. Rotating Ocontinuously to the left will stop page selection on the nearest airport category.

Nearest VOR Page.

Nearest FSS page. To view additional frequencies for the displayed FSS, highlight the frequency and rotate the inner knob.

Page 54

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

SUA Alarms

SUA Near & Ahead Message.

SUA Alert Page.

The next page available under the GPS 155’s NRST key is the SUA alert page. The SUA alert page will alert you with up to nine controlled or restricted airspaces near or in your flight path, according to the following conditions:

• If your projected course will take you inside an SUA within the next 10

minutes, the message ‘SUA ahead < 10 min’ will be displayed.

• If you are within two nautical miles of an SUA and your current course will

take you inside, the message ‘SUA near & ahead’ will be displayed.

• If you are within two nautical miles of an SUA and your current course will not take you inside, the message ‘Near SUA < 2nm’ will be displayed.

• If you have entered an SUA, the message ‘Inside SUA’ will be displayed.

Note that the GPS 155’s SUA alerts are based on three-dimensional data (latitude, longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for controlled airspace are also sectorized to provide complete information on those airspaces. Once you have met one of the described conditions, the message annunciator will flash, alerting you of an SUA message.

To view an SUA message:

1. Press the Mkey.

2. Press Magain to return to the previous page.

Once you are notified of a SUA alert, detailed information concerning the specific SUA is provided by the NRST key.

To view the SUA alert page:

1. Press the Tkey.

2. Rotate Oone stop to the right to view the SUA alert page.

Page 55

The SUA alert page contains the following information:

SUA Alert Number

SUA Alert

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

SUA Alerts

ETE

Controlling

Agency/Name

SUA Airport

Ceiling & Floor

SUA Class

The ‘SUA number’ field displays which SUA you are viewing (you may be alerted with up to 9 SUAs). SUAs are listed as ‘sua1’ being the highest priority, and ‘sua9’ being the lowest priority from your current position. The ‘SUA alert’ field displays the corresponding alert message for this SUA, such as near, near and ahead, etc. (see the previous page for a complete list of SUA alerts). The ETE (estimated time enroute until entering the SUA), located at the top right of the page, will only be displayed if you are projected to enter the airspace.

The second line of the SUA alert page displays the name or controlling agency of the

SUA, along with the SUA type to which you are being alerted.

To toggle between the SUA name and controlling agency display:

1. Rotate

one stop in either direction.

If the SUA name or controlling agency is too long to fit on the display, the GPS 155 will

automatically scroll to display the rest of the information.

To toggle between the SUA name and controlling agency display, rotate the inner knob one stop in either direction.

Page 56

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

SUA Messages

SUA Alert Page.

The following SUA types can appear in the SUA type field:

Message Airspace Type

alrt - Alert caut - Caution cl B - Class B cl C - Class C cta - ICAO Control Area dngr - Danger moa - Military Operations Area proh - Prohibited rstc - Restricted tma - ICAO Terminal Control Area trng - Training trsa - Terminal Radar Service Area unsp - Unspecified warn - Warning

The last line on the SUA alert page displays the SUA’s controlling airport identifier and the ceiling and floor altitudes for the SUA alert. Controlling agency frequencies may be viewed by highlighting the controlling airport identifier with the cursor and pressing E. The following are examples of what can appear in the altitude fields:

The airport communication page for the displayed alert may be viewed by highlighting the controlling agency’s identifier and pressing ENTER.

Message Meaning

8000ftM - 8000 feet mean sea level (MSL) 3000ftA - 3000 feet above ground level (AGL)

ground - ground level msl - mean sea level

notam not sp -

unlmtd

- See Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) for altitude restrictions

Altitude is not specified

- Altitude is unlimited

Page 57

SUA Settings Page

All SUA alert messages except for prohibited areas may be turned on or off

through the GPS 155’s Skey (described page 92). The GPS 155 will also automatically turn off SUA alert messages during approach operations (see page 73). Alerts for prohibited areas will always be displayed, regardless of unit settings or operating mode. SUA alerts may be turned off so the pilot can avoid continuous alerts in areas with extensive special use airspace.

Important: Turning off the SUA alerts only stops the display of SUA messages. Any applicable SUA alert pages will still be available from the Tkey.

The GPS 155 also features an altitude buffer which may be set to provide a greater level of protection from penetrating an SUA. By increasing the altitude buffer, you can effectively stretch an SUA’s altitude boundaries in both directions. This allows the pilot to add an extra margin of prevention around controlled or restricted airspace. For instructions on setting the altitude buffer, see page 92.

WAYPOINTS & DATABASE

SUA Alerts

Page 58

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

ACTIVE LEG

EOS

KTUL

SGF

KSTL

'ACTIVE FROM' WAYPOINT

MAP 'ACTIVE TO' WAYPOINT

Overview

ROUTE TERMINOLOGY

The diagram at the right shows a basic route consisting of five waypoints and four legs.

The waypoint you are travelling to is called the ‘active to’ waypoint, and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the ‘active from’ waypoint. The course line between the active from and the active to waypoint is called the ‘active leg’.

Section 3

Direct-to & Route Navigation

One of the many benefits of GPS navigation is the ability to fly directly to a waypoint or fly a chain of waypoints without using ground-based navigation aids. To take advantage of the convenience and efficiency provided by point-to-point GPS navigation, the GPS 155 provides two basic methods of selecting a destination for your flight: direct-to and route navigation. The direct-to function provides a fast way to set a course to a destination waypoint from your present position. The route function allows the pilot to create a chain of waypoints to fly in sequence and provides access to the GPS 155’s approach, SID and STAR capabilities.

and turn anticipation features will automatically select the next waypoint as the ‘active to’ waypoint and provide smooth steering guidance around the turn. If you are not currently navigating a particular route leg (e.g., your starting position is not a route waypoint), the automatic leg selection feature will select the leg closest to your

As you pass each waypoint in the route, the GPS 155’s automatic leg sequencing

present position as the active leg.

Page 59

The GPS 155’s direct-to function provides a quick method of setting a course to

a destination waypoint. Once a direct-to destination is activated, the GPS 155 will establish a point to point route line along the great circle from your present position to the destination, and provide steering guidance and navigation data to the waypoint until it is cancelled. If you are navigating to a waypoint and get off course, the directto function may also be used to re-center the d-bar to proceed to the same waypoint.

To select a direct-to destination:

1. Press the

2. Use

3. Press

To recenter the d-bar to the same active to waypoint:

key. The CDI page will appear with the destination field flashing.

and Oto enter the identifier of the desired waypoint.

to confirm the identifier, and Eto accept the waypoint confirmation page.

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Performing a Direct-To

1. Press the

key, followed by Etwice. NOTE: If you’re navigating an active

approach with the MAP as the active waypoint, the approach will be cancelled.

A direct-to may also be quickly activated from many pages that display a single

waypoint identifier (e.g. the nearest airport page) by simply pressing Dand E. For pages that display a list of waypoints (e.g. the user waypoint list page), you must

highlight the desired waypoint with the flashing cursor before pressing the Dkey. Once a direct-to is activated, the GPS 155 will provide navigation guidance until the direct-to is cancelled or the unit is turned off.

To cancel a direct-to destination:

1. Place the flashing cursor over the destination field on the CDI page.

2. Press

. The destination field will go blank.

3. Press

. The GPS 155 will resume navigating Route 0 (the active route) if available.

To select a direct-to destination, press the Dkey and enter the waypoint identifier.

To quickly select a direct-to from any page that displays a single waypoint identifier, press ENTER.

, followed by

Page 60

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Route Pages

The GPS 155 lets you create up to 20 routes (numbered 0 through 19), with up to 31 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited through the Rkey,

which features five route pages selectable from the GPS 155’s outer knob.

Active Route Page

REMEMBER!

If you want to save the active route, be sure to copy it to an open storage route before turning the GPS 155 off or activating a new route or direct-to destination. See page 54 for instructions on copying routes.

Route Catalog Page

SID Select Page STAR Select Page

Approach Select Page

The five route pages can be divided into two types: active route pages and a route catalog page. Active route pages provide information and editing functions for

Route 0, which always serves as the route you are currently navigating. The route review page serves as the main page for creating, editing, activating, deleting and copying all routes. Routes 1-19 are used as storage routes, which are stored in the GPS 155’s internal memory. Once a storage route is ‘activated’, a copy is placed into Route 0 for navigation until it is cancelled, overwritten by activating another route or erased when the GPS is turned off. If you want to save a route currently in Route 0, be sure to copy it to an open storage route (routes 1-19) before it is cancelled, over-

written or erased.

Page 61

The GPS 155’s route catalog page is used to create, edit, delete or copy routes,

and serves as the main page for a host of functions, including route activation, determining the closest point of approach and search and rescue operations. It also displays a summary of routes currently stored in memory, with the departure and arrival route waypoints and total distance for the selected route number. To scroll through the available routes, rotate K. A one line user comment may be added to any storage route, which will be displayed on the route catalog page.

To add user comments to any route (except route 0):

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Route Catalog Page

1. Rotate Kto display the route you would like to add comments.

2. Press Cand use Oto highlight the bottom row.

3. Use Kand Oto enter the comments, and press E. To erase, press \, then E.

The route action field, located at the top right of the page, is used to select the

desired route operation. The following functions are available:

• Activate - activate the route for navigation

• Reverse - activate a route in reverse order

• Edit - create a new route, or edit an existing route

• Approach - select an approach for the route (see Section 4)

• Star - select a STAR for the route (see Section 4)

• Sid - select a SID for the route (see Section 4)

• Delete - delete a route

• Copy - copy the current route to an empty route

• CPA - calculate the closest point of approach

• Search - Perform search and rescue ladder operations

Route Catalog Page

1. Route selection field

2. Route action field

3. Departure/Arrival waypoints

4. Cumulative distance of route

5. Comments/Parallel track offset field

Page 62

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Creating & Activating Routes

Adding a new route waypoint.

Deleting a route waypoint.

The route editing function allows you to create new routes and edit existing routes. Creating routes before takeoff can help make approach, SID and STAR operations faster and easier during your flight.

To create or edit a route:

1. Use Kto display the route number you would like to edit.

2. Press Cand use Oto highlight the route action field.

3. Use Kto select ‘edit?’. Press E. The route review page will appear.

To add a waypoint:

4. Rotate

to highlight the first blank waypoint field (it will already be flashing if you’re

creating a new route) or at the point where you want to enter the new waypoint.

5. Use

and Oto enter the waypoint’s identifier. Press E.

6. Press Eto confirm the ‘ok?’ prompt on the waypoint confirmation page.

7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 to add the next waypoint, or press Cto finish.

To delete a waypoint:

1. Rotate

to highlight the waypoint you wish to delete.

2. Press \to remove the name, then press Eto delete.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 to delete additional waypoints, or press Cto finish.

To delete an entire route:

1. Use

to display the route number you would like to delete (route 0 for the active route).

Deleting the active route.

2. Press Cand use Oto highlight the action field.

3. Use Kto select ‘delete?’. Press Eto delete.

Page 63

Once a route is defined through the route catalog page, it may be activated or inverted (to navigate the route waypoints in reverse order) from the route catalog page. Activating or inverting a route copies the selected route into route 0 and overwrites the existing active route.

To activate a route:

1. Press Rand use Oto display the route catalog page.

2. Rotate Kto display the route you would like to activate.

3. Press Cand use Kto display ‘activate?’. Press E.

After travelling a route or creating a route with the GPS 155’s AutoStore

feature,

the route activation field may be used to activate the route in reverse order.

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Adding & Deleting Route Wpts

To activate a route in reverse order:

1. Use Kto display the route number you would like to reverse.

2. Press Cand use Kto display ‘reverse?’. Press E.

This will copy the reversed route to route 0 and display the active route page. The original route will remain intact in its original storage position.

The route action field also features a copy function that permits you to copy any

route to another empty storage route. The copy function can be used to save the contents of the active route (Route 0) to a storage route before activating another route or turning the GPS 155 off.

To invert the active route, select ‘reverse?’ from the route action field.

Copying a route.

Page 64

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

NORTH

TXK

KDAL

KLIT

TXKO

327°

26.7 nm

Copying Routes/CPA

Calculating closest point of approach.

To copy a route:

1. Use Kto display the route you would like to copy TO (the route must be empty).

2. Press Cand use Oto highlight the action field.

3. Use Kto select ‘copy?’. Press E.

4. Use

to enter the route you would like to copy. The departure/arrival identifiers will be

displayed for your reference. Press

to copy the route.

The CPA function calculates the closest distance that a route will pass a reference

waypoint, and is helpful when creating new route waypoints referenced to a NAVAID.

To calculate the closest point of approach (CPA) for any route:

1. Use

to display the route you would like to use for the CPA function. The route must consist of at least two waypoints, and the reference facility must fall between the waypoints of a route leg.

2. Press

and use Oto highlight the action field.

Closest Point of Approach.

3. Use Kto select ‘cpa?’. Press E.

4. Use

and Oto enter the identifier of the reference waypoint.

5. Press

6. Press

. The bearing and distance of the closest point on the route will be displayed.

to add the cpa waypoint to the route, or \to finish. If you do add the cpa waypoint to the route, it will be named based on the reference waypoint plus a number (0...9) added to the end (e.g. KMCI3, etc.). If the waypoint does not fall between waypoints on the route, the reference waypoint does not exist, or a unique name cannot be assigned to the CPA waypoint, you’ll be informed with a ‘Invald CPA wpt ____’ message.

Page 65

ANCHOR

WAYPOINT

ANCHOR

WAYPOINT

INITIAL OFFSET

LEG

INCREMENT

DISTANCE

LEG

INCREMENT

DISTANCE

LEG

INCREMENT

DISTANCE

The GPS 155’s search and rescue function provides navigation guidance for

search and rescue operations, navigating in a ladder pattern to maximize coverage and efficiency. This is done in reference to two waypoints, called anchor waypoints. The first leg will be a specified distance from the line connecting the anchor waypoints, called the offset distance. The increment distance is the distance between each subsequent leg. The ladder can be created on either side of the waypoints.

To perform a search and rescue operation:

1. Create a route of ONLY two waypoints.

2. Press

and use Oto display the route catalog page.

3. Use Kto select the 2-waypoint route to use as anchor waypoints.

4. Press Cand use Kto display ‘search?’. Press E.

5. Use Kand Oto enter the leg increment value, and R or L. Press E.

6. Rotate

to highlight the initial offset, and use Kand Oto enter the initial offset

value, and R or L.

7. Press

three times to accept the operation values and begin navigation.

After activating a search and rescue, you will be informed with an ‘Offset nav in effect’ message. If a search and rescue is interrupted, note the parallel track direction (R or L) and distance on the activation page for route 0. When you resume search and rescue operations, use this as the initial offset.

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Search & Rescue Function

Performing a search and rescue operation.

Page 66

OFFSET

DISTANCE

DEPARTURE WAYPOINT

ARRIVAL WAYPOINT

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Offset Navigation

Parallel Track

Enter parallel track value after route activation.

During route navigation, it is sometimes desirable to navigate a specified distance

away from the ‘active leg’ to help avoid certain airspaces or regions. The GPS 155’s parallel track feature will automatically guide you along a selected offset from the active leg.

To use offset navigation, or parallel track:

1. Press Rand use Oto display the route catalog page.

2. Use Kto display route 0 (parallel track can only be used on the active route).

3. Press Cand use Oto highlight the parallel track value field.

4. Use

and Oto enter the desired distance and direction (R or L), from the leg.

5. Press Eto accept.

It is important to note that offset navigation is only available on route navigation, not direct-to navigation. Offset navigation is NOT valid for IFR approach procedures. When offset navigation is activated, an ‘Offset nav in effect’ message will be displayed, with the distance and direction noted on the route activation page for route 0. If you enter an offset which causes a leg to be reversed, you’ll be informed with the message ‘Ofst too big for rte’. If you change the active route in any way, perform a direct-to, or re-activate the route, you’ll be informed with an‘Offset nav cancelled’ message.

Page 67

Flying and Modifying the Active Route

Once a route has been created and activated, the GPS 155 will provide navigation to each route waypoint through the active route and CDI pages. From the active route pages, you may create and modify the active route, and insert an approach, SID or STAR for your flight. The CDI page will display detailed navigation data on your progress to each route waypoint, and provide turn anticipation, waypoint arrival and next desired track information. By understanding the relationship between the active route and CDI pages and the role of the GPS SEQ switch, you’ll be able to get the most out of the GPS 155’s advanced route and approach features.

Whenever the GPS 155 is navigating a direct-to, route or approach, the active route page will provide a list of the route waypoints in sequence, along with distance, time and course information. You may also create and edit a route directly from the active route page. If you want to save a route created from the active route page (Route 0), you must copy it to an open storage route (see page 54) before turning the unit off or activating another route. The active route page may be displayed by pressing the Rkey and rotating Oleft continuously. It will also appear automatically whenever a route, approach, SID or STAR is activated.

To scroll through the active route waypoints:

1. Rotate Kwith the flashing cursor inactive (or Owith the cursor active).

The active leg identifiers field, located at the top left of the page, displays the waypoint identifiers of the route leg you are currently navigating. The first waypoint identifier displayed is the ‘active from’ waypoint. The second waypoint is the ‘active to’ waypoint. The line connecting these waypoints is known as the ‘active leg’. If you are navigating a direct-to, the field will display the destination only.

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Flying the Active Route

USING THE ACTIVE ROUTE PAGE

The GPS 155’s active route page provides a working list of the route you are navigating, allowing you to view all route waypoints, along with distance, and timing or desired track information. The scrolling arrow prompt to the left of the route waypoint list indicates which way to scroll to view additional route waypoints.

The active route page can also be used to manually select your next ‘active to’ destination, which allows you to fly the route out of sequence without modifying it. The GPS 155 will resume navigation of the remainder of the route in sequence once you arrive at the selected waypoint.

Page 68

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Adding Active Route Waypoints

Active route page with desired track displayed.

Adding a waypoint to the active route.

The ‘cum or leg’ field can be selected to display cumulative distance and ete/eta or the distance and ete/eta for each individual route leg. If cumulative is selected, the first leg’s distance will be displayed, while the second leg will represent the first leg’s distance plus the second leg, and so on. This also applies to the ete/eta field, which may also be configured to display the desired track (dtk) for each leg, regardless of the cumulative or leg selection.

To change the leg and ete/eta fields:

1. With the flashing cursor active, rotate

2. Rotate Kto select the desired setting and press C.

to highlight the field you want to change.

The active route page may also be used to create a new route or edit the route you are currently navigating (approach, SID or STAR waypoints cannot be edited), and provides a fast method of selecting any route waypoint as your next destination waypoint without modifying the active route. If you are editing the active route and want to save it in its original form, copy it to an open storage route before editing.

To add waypoints to the active route:

1. Press C, if necessary, to activate the cursor.

2. Use

to highlight the first blank waypoint field orhighlight the waypoint

you would like to add the new waypoint BEFORE.

3. Use

and Oto enter the new waypoint identifier. Press E.

Confirming the new route waypoint.

4. Press

to accept or \to cancel. The cursor will automatically move to the next waypoint field, and the remaining route waypoints (if any are present) will move down the list accordingly.

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To delete a waypoint from the active route:

1. Press C, if necessary, to activate the cursor.

2. Use

to highlight the waypoint you would like to delete from the active route.

3. Press

, followed by E. The next route waypoint (if available) will move up to take

the position of the deleted waypoint.

The active route page also allows you to select your next destination waypoint

manually from the active route waypoint list and resume the remainder of the route in sequence. This procedure, referred to as an ‘on-route’ direct-to, allows the pilot to fly the active route in a different sequence without editing the active route, approach, SID or STAR itself. For example, if you are flying a route with an armed approach, the GPS 155 will automatically provide the initial approach fix (IAF) for the selected approach as your ‘active to’ waypoint. If you have been vectored directly to the final approach fix (bypassing the IAF), you can manually ‘skip ahead’ to the final approach fix as your next active to waypoint.

To perform an on-route direct-to from the active route page:

1. Press

and rotate Oto highlight the desired waypoint.

2. Press confirmation page.

, followed by Eto confirm the ‘ok?’ prompt on the waypoint

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

On-Route Direct-To

Manually selecting the next active route waypoint.

Confirming the on-route direct-to.

The GPS 155 will now provide guidance to the direct-to waypoint with the CDI page, and resume navigating the remainder of the active route in sequence once you arrive at the direct-to destination. See Section 4 for more on approach navigation.

CDI page with new destination waypoint.

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DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Turn Anticipation

While the active route page offers the necessary functions for creating, monitoring and modifying the active route, the GPS 155’s CDI page is used to provide turn anticipation, next desired track and waypoint arrival information to the pilot.

The GPS 155’s turn anticipation feature smooths out the transitions between adjacent legs based on a nominal bank angle of 15º, with the ability to roll up to 25º. If the turn angle and your present speed will require a bank angle that exceeds 25º, you’ll be notified with a ‘Steep turn ahead’ message approximately 90 seconds before arrival at the active to waypoint.

During route navigation, the GPS 155’s turn anticipation feature will smooth out the transition between adjacent route legs by providing navigation along a curved path segment. This leg transition is based on the aircraft’s actual ground speed and the difference between the course angle of the two legs. The GPS 155 will automatically sequence to the next leg when you are abeam the ‘active to’ waypoint and on the curved transition segment (the to/from indicator on the CDI will flip momentarily). During the transition, the CDI display will be referenced to the dotted line illustrated above. Turn anticipation will not be provided in the following scenarios:

If the leg transition is too short for a smooth transition, a ‘Leg not smoothed’ message will appear, and the pilot should expect a rapid change in the CDI deflection.

• Waypoint/fix crossing is a requirement of the approach, SID or STAR you’re navigating.

• The GPS SEQ switch is in the HOLD position.

• Automatic leg sequencing is disabled.

• Your current ground speed and the course angle between the two legs would require a bank angle greater than 25º (see left).

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As you approach a route waypoint, the GPS 155’s external waypoint annunciator will flash 15 seconds before the turn anticipation point, and the GPS CDI will be replaced by a flashing ‘Next dtk xxxº’ prompt (see right).

To use the turn anticipation feature, note the ‘Nxt dtk’ heading when the external waypoint annunciator begins to flash, and start the turn when the annunciator glows steadily (approximately 2 seconds before the turn anticipation point). Once you’ve reached the turn anticipation point, the desired track (dtk) field on the CDI page will change to display the course value for the next leg. If you have not adjusted your HSI course selector before the turn, the ‘Next dtk’ will continue to flash until you have reached the midpoint of the turn. Please refer to your aircraft flight manual supplement for specific turn anticipation instructions.

DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV

Turn Anticipation

GPS APPR

GPS WPT

The waypoint annunciator will glow steadily 2 seconds before the turn anticipation point.

In addition to the active route page, the GPS 155 features three other pages that correspond to the route you are currently navigating: the approach select, STAR select and SID select pages. These pages display the approach, SID or STAR currently selected, and list all other available procedures for the departure or arrival airports. Because they are relevant to approach operations, these pages and their functions are described in Section 4.

The desired track for the next leg will appear flashing in the CDI field 15 seconds before the turn anticipation point.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

Overview

Section 4

Approaches, SIDs and STARs

The GPS 155’s approach navigation mode allows you to fly non-precision approaches to airports with GPS and overlay procedures using information contained on your Jeppesen NavData®card. GPS approaches are similar to existing IFR approach procedures, but provide additional course and distance information for a higher level of accuracy, efficiency and safety. The non-precision approaches available in the GPS 155 are executed using the GPS route features covered in Section 3, so it’s important to understand routes before attempting approach navigation.

Once an approach is selected, the GPS 155 will replace the destination airport with the appropriate approach waypoints. The initial approach fix, final approach fix and missed approach point waypoints are indicated by an ‘if’, ‘ff’ and ‘mp’ designator to the immediate left of the waypoint.

In many instances, there may be approach waypoints in the GPS approach that are not shown on the approach plate. These waypoints are usually intermediate fixes designed to help the GPS provide smooth navigation along the approach path.

A GPS approach is a sequence of waypoints linked together into a subroute which replaces your destination airport waypoint when selected. They may be based on an existing RNAV, VOR or NDB approach procedure, or be an entirely new approach created specifically for GPS. Regardless of what type of approach a GPS procedure is based on, the procedure is flown as a sequence of route legs in the active route. Once a GPS approach is selected, the GPS 155 will provide guidance to each waypoint in the approach in sequence, starting with the initial approach fix (IAF).

Flying a GPS approach with the GPS 155 can be broken down into three phases: approach selection, approach arming and the active approach: 1) Approach selection is simply the step of choosing the desired approach for the destination airport. 2) Arming the approach makes sure the unit is ready to begin the automatic sequencing and CDI adjustment required for approach navigation. 3) The active approach tightens the accuracy requirements and CDI sensitivity one step further to meet TSO standards for the non-precision approach.

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The GPS 155 works in conjunction with a set of external switches and your HSI to fly GPS approaches. The external switches are used to control GPS functions, and contain illuminated annunciators to indicate when functions are active. Your installation must also have annunciators for waypoint arrival and GPS messages.

APPROACH NAVIGATION

GPS Approach Switch

GPS APPR

ARM ACTV

The GPS APPR switch is used to arm the GPS 155 for approach navigation.mode after a desired approach has been selected. Once armed, the GPS 155 will begin automatic CDI scaling and ensure that receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is available to provide the required level of accuracy and satellite coverage during the approach. The GPS APPR switch is used to deactivate an approach and return the CDI scale to the 1 nm setting in the event of a missed approach between the FAF and the MAP waypoints. You may also choose to keep the switch set to the ‘ARM’ position at all times to simplify the approach procedure. Remember, arming a GPS approach only prepares the GPS to transition to the active approach mode.

If you have selected an approach, the GPS 155 will prompt you to arm the approach mode 30 nm from your destination airport, and again 3 nm before the final approach fix if the approach has not been already armed. Once the GPS mode is armed (you have selected an approach and set the GPS APPR switch to the ‘ARM’ position), the ARM annunciator will illuminate, and automatic CDI scaling will begin. The GPS 155 will also automatically set the CDI scaling and automatic leg sequencing features to their default settings (‘auto’ CDI scaling & auto leg sequencing ‘on’).

GPS APPR

ARM ACTV

Arm Approach Mode

The external GPS APPR switch should be set to the ARM position 30 nm from the destination airport. Once the approach is armed, the unit will provide a smooth transition from the 5.0 to 1.0 nautical mile CDI scale, and down to 0.3 nm within 2 nm inbound to the FAF.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

0.3 nm

30 nm

2nm

FAF

MAP

1 nm

5 nm

1 minute

GPS SEQ Switch

When the aircraft is within 2 nm of the FAF along the inbound course to the final approach (see left), the ACTV annunciator will illuminate on the GPS APPR switch, and the GPS 155 will enter the active approach phase. The CDI will now scale down to the 0.3 nm sensitivity. If you wish to deactivate the approach during the active phase, simply release the GPS APPR switch from the ‘ARM’ position. This will return the CDI scale to 1 nm setting and provide less sensitive CDI deflection in missed approach conditions.

GPS SEQ

AUTO ACTV

GPS SEQ

AUTO HOLD

The GPS SEQ switch is used to select manual or automatic waypoint sequencing of waypoints. Setting the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position holds your current ‘active to’ waypoint as your navigation reference and prevents the GPS from sequencing to the next waypoint.

When the GPS SEQ switch is set to the AUTO position, automatic waypoint sequencing is selected. Whenever the GPS SEQ switch is engaged, the HOLD annunciator will illuminate and the GPS will continue navigating to the waypoint regardless of your position relative to other waypoints.

The GPS SEQ switch must be set to the HOLD position any time you are deviating from the flight sequence of an approach (e.g., when you are flying radar vectors)

CDI Scale ramping during approach.

or when you must cross the same waypoint twice in succession (e.g., IAF and FAF at the same waypoint). Whenever the GPS SEQ switch is set to the HOLD position, the GPS 155 allows you to select the desired course to/from a waypoint using the HSI, much like a VOR

Page 75

Page 76

APPROACH NAVIGATION

Selecting an Approach

When an arrival airport is selected with the direct-to key (or created and activated in a route to the arrival airport), the approaches for your arrival airport become available through the Approach Select page, which can be viewed by pressing Rand rotating the outer knob. Remember that an airport must be the last waypoint in a route to select an approach.

To select an approach:

Select the approach.

1. Select the destination airport using the create and activate a route to the destination airport (see Section 3).

2. Press

and rotate Oto display the approach select page.

3. Rotate K(or Owith the cursor active) to display the desired approach procedure.

4. Press C(if necessary) and rotate Ountil the desired approach flashes.

5. Press Eto select the approach.

key, or

If an approach procedure has more than one Initial Approach Fix (IAF), you’ll

need to select the desired IAF identifier for your approach.

Select the Initial Approach Fix.

To select an IAF:

1. Rotate Ountil the desired IAF flashes.

2. Press E.

Once the IAF is selected, the approach waypoints will be inserted into Route 0,

Once the approach is loaded, the active route page will appear.

replacing the destination airport, and the Active Route page will be displayed. To review the active route, rotate the Kknob. The scrolling arrow prompt will indicate

which direction to scroll to view additional waypoints, while the ‘if’, ‘ff’ and ‘mp’ designators will indicate the IAF, FAF and MAP respectively.

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When the aircraft is within 30 nautical miles of the destination airport, the GPS 155 will display the ‘Arm approach mode’ (if the GPS APPR switch is not set to the ARM position) and ‘Need pres- press NAV’ messages.

To fly the GPS approach (without radar vectors):

1. Arm the GPS approach by setting/confirming the GPS APPR switch is in the ARM position. The CDI scale will begin a steady transition from the 5.0 nm to the 1.0 nm scale as you make your way to the FAF. The approach may be armed at any time after an approach has been selected. If the approach has not been armed and the aircraft is within 3 nm of the FAF, the GPS 155 will prompt you to arm the approach again.

2. Enter the barometric pressure at the destination airport on the Position page when the ‘Need pres- press NAV’ message appears.

APPROACH NAVIGATION

Flying the Approach

3. The GPS 155 will automatically sequence to each waypoint in the approach, with CDI, course and timing guidance to each waypoint. For each waypoint in the approach, the GPS 155’s turn anticipation and waypoint alerting features will provide three pilot cues:

a. The waypoint annunciator will flash approximately 15 seconds before reaching the

turning point for each approach waypoint, and glow steadily approximately 2 seconds prior to the turn anticipation point.

b. The ‘Next dtk’ prompt will flash in the CDI field. Set the HSI course select to the next

dtk value when the waypoint annunciator starts flashing. Start the turn when the annunciator glows steadily.

c. The To/From indicator flag on the GPS CDI will flip momentarily to indicate you have

transitioned to the next approach leg.

For more information on turn anticipation and waypoint alerting, please refer to Section 3.

4. If a procedure turn is required:

a. 2 miles prior to crossing the waypoint outbound, set the GPS SEQ switch to HOLD. b. At the waypoint, set the outbound course on the HSI.

(continued on next page)

NEED PRES - PRESS NAV

The altimeter setting of the destination airport needs to be entered on the Position page.

IMPORTANT! Entering an incorrect altimeter setting will directly affect the GPS 155’s ability to provide accurate navigation guidance.

Enter the altimeter setting on the Position page.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

Flying the Approach

After crossing the MAP, press the play the missed approach holding point.

D key to dis-

c. Fly the procedure turn. After the procedure turn outbound, set the inbound course on

the HSI. d. On the inbound intercept to the final course, fly to center the CDI. e. Set the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position. The GPS 155 will resume automatic

waypoint sequencing for the remaining approach waypoints.

6. Once the aircraft is within 2 nm of the FAF (and the approach has been armed), the ‘ACTV’ annunciator will illuminate and the CDI scale will ramp down to 0.3 nm.

NOTE: If the ACTV annunciator does not illuminate, do not descend after crossing the FAF and fly all published missed approach procedures.

7. Upon reaching the FAF, the GPS 155 will automatically sequence to the MAP waypoint.

To fly a missed approach procedure:

If an approach is terminated, the GPS 155 may be used to navigate to the missed approach holding point using one of the following procedures.

NOTE: To comply with TSO specifications, the GPS 155 will not automatically sequence to the missed approach holding point. The first waypoint of the missed approach will be displayed as the next waypoint when authorized. You must fly all published missed approach procedures before selecting the missed approach holding point on the GPS.

waypoint. After crossing the MAP, the pilot may activate the

If you have clearance directly to the holding point, press ENTER. You must fly all published missed approach procedures before navigating to the holding point.

If the approach procedure permits navigation direct from the MAP to the missed approach holding point:

1. Release the GPS SEQ switch from the ARM position to return the CDI scale to the 1 nm sensitivity. After the MAP has been crossed, press the matically display the first waypoint of the missed approach as the next

2. Press Eto confirm the destination. The GPS 155 will provide a direct navigation course to the waypoint.

key. The GPS 155 will auto-

approach waypoint.

Page 79

If you’re not authorized to fly direct-to the missed approach holding point:

2. Press Eto confirm the destination.

3. Stop automatic waypoint sequencing by setting the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position.

4. Fly the published missed approach procedure. Select the intercept to the missed approach holding point on the HSI.

5. Leave the GPS SEQ switch in the HOLD position to accomodate holding at the missed approach holding point.

key. The GPS 155 will auto-

approach waypoint.

APPROACH NAVIGATION

Missed Approach

After a missed approach, the GPS 155 will allow you to repeat the same approach procedure and select whatever approach waypoint you have been cleared to as the next active to waypoint. Before reactivating the approach, make sure you fly all published missed approach procedures. If you disarmed the approach during the course of the previous attempt, be sure to set the GPS APPR switch to the ARM position.

To reactivate the same approach for another attempt:

1. Press the Rkey and rotate Oto select the active route page.

2. Press

and rotate Oto place the flashing cursor over the identifier of the approach

waypoint you have been given direct clearance to.

3. Press the

key, followed by E. The GPS 155 will provide navigation for the repeat

approach, starting with the approach waypoint you have selected.

Select the waypoint you have clearance to from the active route page and press

Confirm the starting waypoint for the next attempt by pressing ENTER.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

Approach Select Page

The GPS 155’s approach select page allows you to review the available approach

procedures at the destination airport. From the procedures list, you may select and activate a new procedure on the fly. The active approach is indicated by an on-screen asterisk, and the scrolling arrow prompt indicates which direction to scroll to view additional procedures.

To select or replace a procedure from the approach select page:

1. Press the

2. To review all available procedures, rotate K.

key and rotate Ountil the approach select page appears.

Approach Select Page.

3. To select a procedure, press

4. Press

. If there are multiple IAFs for the selected approach, rotate Oto select the

desired IAF and press

You may also replace or delete the active approach for any route from the route

and rotate Oto highlight the desired procedure.

catalog page.

To replace or delete an approach from the route catalog page:

1. Press the

Approach Procedures Page.

2. Press Cand rotate Kuntil the ‘approach?’ prompt appears. Press E.

3. To replace the active approach procedure, rotate and press the desired IAF and press

4. To delete the active approach (denoted by an asterisk), highlight the approach and press

key and rotate Ountil the route catalog page appears.

to highlight the desired procedure

. If there are multiple IAFs for the selected approach, rotate Oto select

, followed by E.

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UNDERSTANDING GPS APPROACHES

The GPS 155 is the first GPS certified to meet the requirements of TSO C-129 Category A1. When using the GPS 155 for non-precision approaches, you’ll encounter two types of approaches: overlay approaches (based on existing procedures) and GPS approaches (new approaches designed specifically for GPS). The FAA has approved a large number of overlay approaches, with plans to add as many GPS approaches as possible to take advantage of the safety and convenience of GPS.

Flying a GPS approach is not difficult, and varies from conventional approaches only in the operation of the equipment being used. Although you’ll often be following the same flight path used in conventional approaches, the equipment operation procedures will be different from typical NDB or VOR approaches.

The following definitions, guidelines and examples will help you understand the basic rules of GPS approaches, and offer four examples to guide you through some typical approaches. Think through the approach examples— this will assist you in getting the greatest benefit from the GPS 155.

Basic Rules of GPS Approaches

APPROACH NAVIGATION

Understanding GPS Approaches

GPS approaches must be in the current aviation database to be approved.

There are a few basic rules that apply to all GPS approaches. Remembering these rules will assist you in understanding the approach procedures and ensure the greatest margin of safety for your flight.

• The approach to be flown must be in the aviation database, and the database must be current.

• You may select the desired approach and arm the approach mode at any time after the destination airport is selected. If the GPS APPR switch is not set to ARM within 2 nm inbound to the final approach fix, the approach will not become active, which precludes descent at the FAF.

TSO C-129 requires that satellite coverage and navigational accuracy provided by the GPS system meets minimum standards.

A ‘No RAIM from FAF to MAP’ message will appear if RAIM is predicted to be unavailable for an approach. Do not plan on conducting a GPS approach. Refer to Appendix C for a complete list of RAIM messages and page 111 for more information on RAIM during approach navigation.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

Basic Rules of GPS Approaches

Cumulative distance displayed on the active route page.

RAIM may be predicted from NAV Menu 2.

Basic Rules of GPS Approaches (continued)

• If you cross the same waypoint twice in succession during an approach, you must set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position PRIOR to crossing the bisector of the course line at the fix the first time (no matter what the crosstrack distance from the waypoint) to prevent the GPS from sequencing to the next waypoint.

• The HSI course select should always be set 2 seconds BEFORE changing the GPS SEQ from HOLD to AUTO to ensure the desired course to the next waypoint is settled prior to use by the GPS and give the autopilot sufficient time to react to the heading change.

• GPS always displays distance to the currently active waypoint. When determining distance along the approach, use caution to determine the correct distance from the approach chart.

• For the approach to become active:

• The GPS APPR switch must be set to the ARM position.

• The GPS SEQ switch must be set to AUTO (verify that the GPS APPR ACTV light is illuminated before descending beyond the FAF).

• You must cross within 2 nm of the FAF along the inbound course to the final approach fix (keep in mind that the CDI scale will be at 0.3 nm).

• RAIM must be available (the GPS 155 automatically monitors RAIM, and will display a message if it is not available) from the FAF to the MAP. If RAIM is not available or becomes unavailable during this leg, the HSI NAV flag will appear, and you must fly the missed approach procedure.

• When executing a missed approach, you must fly all published procedures before proceeding to the missed approach holding point on the GPS.

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Basic Rules of GPS Approaches (continued)

• If you are off course to the MAP waypoint and use a direct-to to re-center the d-bar, the active approach mode will be cancelled.

• SUA alerts are disabled when an approach is selected and armed, and the air-

craft is less than 30 nm from the destination airport. SUA information is still available from the NRST key at all times.

GPS APPROACH EXAMPLES

In the examples that follow, the GPS waypoints are shown along the approach path. In some cases, intermediate database waypoints have been added to some approaches. These waypoints are named using lower case letters using the following convention (the most common database waypoints are defined below). Note that these waypoints are not charted on NOS approach plates. They do appear on current Jeppesen approach charts.

• dyyyj— DME arc waypoint where yyy is the radial from the

reference facility (VOR)

• cfxx or cfxxx— course fix for runway xx or radial xxx

• ffxx or ffxxx— final approach fix for runway xx or radial xxx

• rwxx— runway xx threshold

• nxxhp— NDB approach runway xx intermediate holding pat-

tern waypoint

• maxx or maxxx— missed approach point for runway xx or radial xxx

• vxxhp— VOR approach runway xx intermediate holding pat-

tern waypoint

APPROACH NAVIGATION

GPS Approach Examples

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

IAF

MARTINSBURG

3000

120°

(16.5)

SUSII

2700

048° (2.5)

2000

048° (2.5)

2.5 NM FROM BAKEE

(FAF)

BAKEE

(MAP)

MYRTA

048

RUSSY

2.5 NM 2.5 NM 3.8 NM 1.2

SUSII

BAKEE

2.5 NM FROM BAKEE

MYRTA

MAP

MISSED APPROACH

CLIMB TO 3000 DIRECT

RUSSY AND HOLD

3000

2700

2000

3.10°

048

GPS Approach Example

EXAMPLE 1— NEW GPS APPROACH

Example 1 uses the GPS approach into Frederick Municipal Airport (KFDK) and illustrates the basic sequence of selecting and flying a GPS approach, and flying directly to a missed approach holding point. Please refer to the previous sections of this chapter for expanded keystroke instructions.

1. Select the destination airport (KFDK) using the Dkey, or create and activate a route to the destination airport.

GPS RWY 5

FREDERICK MUNI (FDK)

DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION

2. Select the desired approach (gps rw05) from the Approach Select page. The GPS 155 will automatically select MRB as the IAF since it is the only IAF available.

3. 30 nm from the destination, set/confirm the GPS APPR switch to the ARM position. The CDI will automatically begin a smooth transition from the 5.0 nm to the 1.0 nm scale.

4. Enter the current altimeter setting of KFDK on the Position page when prompted with the ‘Need pres- press NAV’ message.

5. Fly the approach. The GPS will provide navigation to each approach waypoint in sequence:

• MRB (Initial Approach Fix)

• SUSII

• BAKEE (Final Approach Fix)

• MYRTA (Missed Approach Point)

• RUSSY (Missed Approach Holding Point)

6. Set the HSI course to DTK at each waypoint. The CDI will automatically transition from the 1.0 to 0.3 nm scale when you are within 2.0 nm of the FAF, and the unit will warn you if RAIM is not available for your approach.

7. To fly the missed approach procedure, cross the MAP and climb to 3000 feet. For direct navigation guidance to the missed approach holding point, press

followed by Eafter crossing the MAP.

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EXAMPLE 2— VOR/GPS OVERLAY

Example 2 uses the VOR/GPS RWY 19 approach into Kansas City Downtown Airport (KMKC) from the south and illustrates an approach with a procedure turn, which requires the pilot to set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position prior to crossing the IAF the first time. This example also illustrates the procedures required when direct navigation to the missed approach holding point is not available.

1. Select and arm the VOR/GPS RW19 approach. Enter the current altimeter setting of KMKC when the ‘Need pres- press NAV’ message appears.

2. Fly towards the IAF of the approach (the JAMES intersection).

3. Two nm BEFORE crossing the IAF, set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position. This prevents the GPS 155 from automatically sequencing to the missed approach point before the required procedure turn is completed.

4. After crossing the IAF, set the 013º outbound course on the HSI.

5. Initiate the procedure turn and set the 193º inbound course on the HSI. As you turn to the inbound intercept heading, set the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position. The GPS SEQ switch must be set to the AUTO position for the approach to go active.

6. Complete the approach by landing, or follow the missed approach procedure.

7. To fly the missed approach procedure, cross the MAP and climb to 3000 feet via heading 240º and press D, followed by E. This will select the missed approach holding point as your active to waypoint.

8. Since direct navigation to the holding waypoint is not authorized, set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position to prevent automatic waypoint sequencing.

KANSAS CITY

RIVERSIDE

MISSED APPROACH CLIMB RIGHT TURN TO 3000 ON HEADING 240° THEN VIA

R-260 TO ANX VORTAC

APPROACH NAVIGATION

VOR/GPS Overlay Example

VOR RWY 19

KANSAS CITY

DOWNTOWN (MKC)

(IAF)

5.3

R-281

-2

REMAIN

2600

281°

(21.2)

NAPOLEON

AND HOLD.

2600

154° (4.7)

VOR/DME

4.5 NM

JAMES INT

RIS

238

058

193°

JAMES INT

RIS

193°

WITHIN 10 NM

013

193

2500

-1 4

9. Set the HSI to the 080º heading and intercept the inbound course to the holding point.

DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION

Page 86

APPROACH NAVIGATION

VOR/DME ARC Example

VOR/DME RWY 21

TOPEKA/

FORBES FIELD (FOE)

ERASE

TOP

(IAF)

MISSED APPROACH

CLIMB TO 3000 VIA HEADING

240° AND TOP R-213 TO

ERASE 25 DME AND HOLD.

IAF

TOPEKA

R-258

TOP TOP

5 NM 7 NM

EXAMPLE 3— VOR/DME ARC OVERLAY

Example 3 uses the VOR/DME RWY 21 approach into Topeka/Forbes Field Airport (KFOE) and illustrates an approach based on a DME arc. Although DME arc approaches are not based on a direct course, the GPS 155 will still provide approach navigation guidance through the arc by constantly displaying your distance and bearing from the DME reference navaid on the Position page. To fly the arc, monitor the distance displayed on the Position page and manually adjust your heading to main-

3000

200

TOP

2600

200°

205° (7)

205°

1 MIN

2600

(7)

VORTAC

205°

NoPT

A rc

(IAF)

ONE MINUTE

HOLDING PATTERN

025° 205°

-0

3000

tain the course along the arc. When flying a DME arc, the GPS SEQ switch must be set to the HOLD position to ensure proper CDI operation.

1. Select and arm the VOR RW21 approach and select the D094G initial approach fix to fly the left hand arc from the 094º radial. Enter the current altimeter setting of KFOE when the ‘Need pres- press NAV’ message appears.

2. Fly to the IAF of the DME arc (D094G). The GPS WPT annunciator will flash 15 seconds before you reach the waypoint.

3. After crossing the IAF, set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position.

4. Set the desired inbound course (205º) on the CDI/HSI.

5. Press

and rotate Oto display the Position page. The Position page will display the DME navaid as the reference waypoint (on the bottom line) as long as your active to waypoint is part of the DME arc you are flying.

DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION

6. Monitor your distance and bearing from the DME navaid along the arc.

Page 87

Page 88

APPROACH NAVIGATION

5 NM 7 NM

MISSED APPROACH

CLIMB TO 3000 VIA HEADING

240° AND TOP R-213 TO

ERASE 25 DME AND HOLD.

3000

2600

200°

TOP TOP

VORTAC

ONE MINUTE

HOLDING PATTERN

025° 205°

Radar Vector Example

VOR/DME RWY 21

TOPEKA

/FORBES FIELD (FOE)

(IAF)

R-258

IAF

TOPEKA

EXAMPLE 4— RADAR VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH COURSE

Example 4 uses the same VOR/DME RWY 21 approach into Topeka/Forbes Field Airport (KFOE) used in example 3 and illustrates an approach using radar vectors to a point 3 miles out from the final approach fix. To fly a radar vector approach, you must still select a desired approach and IAF from the database and set the GPS SEQ switch to HOLD while you fly the vectors to the active approach waypoint. To accommodate radar vectors, the GPS 155 allows manual selection of any approach waypoint as the destination waypoint.

3000

200

205° (7)

205°

2600

(7)

1 MIN

205°

NoPT

205°

(IAF)

-0

1. Select and arm the desired approach and initial approach fix. Enter the current altimeter setting of the destination airport when the ‘Need pres- press NAV’ message appears.

2. When you are advised by the controller that you will be receiving radar vectors to the final approach course:

• Activate the final approach fix waypoint from the Active Route page:

TOP

a. Press the

b. Press

c. Rotate

d. Press

key and rotate Ountil the Active Route page appears.

to activate the flashing cursor.

until the ‘ff’ (FAF) waypoint flashes.

, followed by E.

• Set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position.

ERASE

TOP

DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION

3. Set the 200º inbound course on the HSI. As the CDI needle begins to center to the final approach course, set the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position to resume automatic waypoint sequencing.

4. Complete the approach by landing or perform the missed approach procedure.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

The Jeppesen database used in the GPS 155 features Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs) and Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) that may be placed into any active or stored route.

Available SIDs may be selected at any time for the active route as long as the departure airport is the first route waypoint and the route contains more than one waypoint. Activating a SID or STAR will modify the waypoint sequence of Route 0. If you’d like to save the contents of Route 0, be sure to copy it to an empty route first.

To select and activate a SID:

1. Press Rand rotate Ountil the SID Select page appears.

2. Press Cand rotate Ountil the SID name flashes.

3. Press E. The SID waypoints will be inserted in the route.

If a SID has more than one runway or transition, the SID Select page will display the available runway designations and/or transitions.

To select a transition:

1. Rotate Ountil the transition name flashes and press E.

To select a runway:

1. Rotate

until the runway designation name flashes and press E.

Selecting & Activating SIDs

Selecting a SID.

Selecting a SID transition.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

Selecting & Deleting SIDs

The SID select page also allows you to review all the available SIDs for the departure

airport and select, delete or change the active SID.

To replace the active SID with another SID:

1. Press

2. Press

To delete the active SID:

1. Press

2. Press C. The active SID (denoted by an asterisk) will flash.

3. Press \, followed by E. The SID waypoints will be removed from the active route.

and rotate Ountil the SID Select page appears.

and rotate Oto select the desired new SID. Press E.

and rotate Ountil the SID Select page appears.

SIDs can also be selected and deleted from storage routes through the Route Catalog page.

The SID select page allows you to select a new SID on the fly.

SIDs may be saved with any stored route.

To select a SID from the Route Catalog page:

1. Display the desired route on the Route Catalog page.

2. Select ‘sid?’ in the route action field and press E.

3. Select the desired SID and transitions.

4. The SID waypoints will be inserted into the route and the Route Review page will be displayed.

To replace a SID from the Route Catalog page:

1. Display the desired route on the Route Catalog page.

2. Select ‘sid?’ in the route action field and press

3. Select the desired new SID and transitions.

4. The SID waypoints will be inserted into the route and the Route Review page will be displayed.

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To delete a SID from the Route Catalog page...

1. Display the desired route on the Route Catalog page.

2. Select ‘sid?’ in the route action field and press E.

3. Rotate Oto highlight the active SID (denoted by an asterisk). Press \, then E.

Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs) used in the GPS 155 are selected and activated with the same procedures as SIDs. Available STARs may be selected at any time for the active route as long as the arrival airport is the last active route waypoint or direct-to waypoint. Activating a STAR will modify the sequence of waypoints in Route 0. If you’d like to save the contents of Route 0, be sure to copy it to an empty route first.

To select and activate a STAR:

APPROACH NAVIGATION

Selecting & Activating STARs

1. Press Rand rotate Ountil the STAR select page appears.

3. Press Cand rotate Ountil the desired STAR flashes.

4. Press E. The STAR waypoints will be inserted in the route.

If a STAR has more than one transition or runway, the STAR select page will display the transitions and/or runway designations available.

To select a transition:

1. Rotate Ountil the desired transition flashes and press E.

To select a runway:

1. Rotate

until the runway designation flashes and press E.

Selecting a STAR.

Selecting a STAR transition.

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APPROACH NAVIGATION

Selecting & Deleting STARs

The STAR select page also allows you to review all available STARs for the destination air-

port and select, delete or replace the active STAR.

To replace the active STAR:

1. Press

2. Press

To delete a STAR:

1. Press Rand rotate Ountil the STAR select page appears.

2. Press C. The active STAR name (denoted by an asterisk) will flash.

3. Press \, followed by E. The STAR waypoints will be removed from Route 0.

and rotate Ountil the STAR select page appears.

and use Oto select a new STAR. Press E.

STARs can also be selected and deleted from storage routes through the Route Catalog page.

To select or replace a STAR from the Route Catalog page:

Deleting the active STAR.

STARs may be saved in any storage route.

1. Display the desired route on the Route Catalog page.

2. Select ‘star?’ in the route operations field and press E.

3. Select the desired STAR and transitions. The STAR waypoints will be inserted into the route and the Route Review page will be displayed.

To delete a STAR from the Route Catalog page:

1. Display the desired route on the Route Catalog page.

2. Select ‘star?’ in the route action field and press E.

3. Rotate Oto highlight the active STAR (denoted by an asterisk). Press \followed by E. The STAR waypoints will be deleted from the route.

Page 93

Section 5

Unit Settings

Many of the GPS 155’s navigation features can be customized to your own preferences, allowing the pilot to choose how and when the unit displays certain information. The GPS 155 also provides extensive information on satellite tracking and signal strength to aid in monitoring performance and alerting you to problems with antenna installation or receiver problems.

UNIT SETTINGS

Overview

All of the GPS 155’s settings are accessed by pressing the Skey. Once the key is pressed, the last settings page viewed will be displayed. The following pages of satellite status and user-defined settings are available:

• Satellite status • CDI Settings

• Route settings • Magnetic variation/Arrival alarm

• Nearest airport search • Battery saver

• Trip timer settings • Navigation units

• SUA alert settings • Map Datums

To view any settings page:

1. Press S. The last page viewed from the Skey will be displayed.

2. Rotate

with the flashing cursor inactive until the desired page is displayed. Page selection will cycle through all available pages as the outer knob is rotated to the right, and page selection will stop at the Satellite status page when the outer knob is rotated to the left continuously.

The GPS 155’s satellite status page provides satellite information to monitor GPS

Satellite Status Page.

Nearest Airport Search Page.

Navigation Units Page.

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UNIT SETTINGS

Satellite Status Page

coverage and receiver performance. This can be helpful when you may be experiencing a problem with low signal levels due to poor coverage or installation problems.

To view the satellite status page:

1. Press Sand rotate Ountil the satellite status page appears

EPE/DOP Field

Satellite Numbers

Satellite status page displaying DOP.

Receiver Status

Signal Strength Field

The top line of the status page displays the receiver status and the current DOP or EPE. Dilution of precision (DOP) is a measure of the satellite geometry quality and relative accuracy of your position, with 1 meaning good geometry and 10 meaning poor. Estimated position error (EPE) is an overall measure of your positional accuracy in feet or meters using signal and data quality, receiver tracking status and DOP.

To view information on DOP/EPE:

1. PressSand rotate Oto display the satellite status page.

2. If the desired field (EPE or DOP) is not displayed, press

3. Use

to change between ‘epe’ and ‘dop’, press Cto finish.

Page 95

The receiver status field, located at the top left of the page, can display the fol-

lowing messages under various conditions:

Search sky - The GPS 155 is searching the sky for visible satellites. You will be

informed with the message ‘Searching the sky’.

Acquiring - The GPS 155 is acquiring satellites for navigation.

2D Nav - The GPS 155 is in 2D navigation mode. If your installation does

not include an altitude serializer, you must enter the altitude manually (see page 2.)

3D Nav - The GPS 155 is in 3D navigation mode and will compute

altitude.

Simulator - The GPS 155 is in simulator mode, which should only be used

for practice and trip planning. NEVER use simulator for actual navigation.

Poor cvrg - The GPS 155 cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation.

Need alt - The GPS 155 needs altitude in order to start/continue navigation.

Go to the position page and enter the altitude.

UNIT SETTINGS

Status Page

Searching the Sky.

Need pres - The GPS 155 needs the current altimeter (barometric pressure) set-

ting at the approach airport. Enter the altimeter setting on the Position page.

Not usable - The GPS 155 is unusable due to incorrect initialization or abnor-

mal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on again. If this does not help, return the unit to an authorized GARMIN dealer for service.

Acquiring satellite data.

Page 96

UNIT SETTINGS

Status & CDI Setup

The second and third lines of the satellite status page provide the satellite number and signal strength of each satellite in view. Additional information regarding each satellite’s azimuth, elevation and other data is also available.

To view individual satellite information:

1. Press Sand use Oto display the satellite status page.

2. Press Cto obtain a cursor.

3. Use Oto highlight the satellite number you wish to view and press E.

This will display the satellite data page, showing the selected satellite’s number, elevation angle, rise or fall indication, user range accuracy (URA, or the range measurement accuracy as determined by the satellite), azimuth and signal strength. To view other satellites:

Viewing individual satellite information.

4. Rotate Kto view information on the next satellite.

5. Rotate Oand press Con the satellite status page when you are finished.

The next available page under the Skey is the CDI settings page, which allows you to define the scale of the GPS 155’s course deviation indicator.

The CDI setting will be reset to the AUTO position whenever a GPS approach is armed, selected or the unit is powered down. The AUTO setting allows the CDI to smoothly transition from the

5.0 nm to the 0.3 nm scale during an approach.

To change the CDI scale:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Rotate

and rotate Oto select the ‘CDI Settings’ page.

and rotate Kto select either ‘Auto’, ‘5.0 nm’, ‘1.0 nm’, or ‘0.3 nm’.

to highlight ‘ok?’ and press Eto approve.

The scale values represent full scale deflection of the CDI to either side.

NOTE: The selected CDI scale will not take effect until approved.

Page 97

The route settings page allows you to select between automatic and manual route sequencing and turn the automatic leg select feature on and off. Automatic route sequencing changes the active leg of a route when the current leg is complete (you have reached the ‘active to’ waypoint). Automatic leg selection chooses the route leg closest to your present position as the active leg. Whenever a GPS approach is armed, selected or the unit is powered down, the auto leg sequencing option will be reset to the automatic setting.

To change route settings (auto leg sequencing and auto leg selection):

1. Press Sand rotate Oto highlight the ‘Route settings’ page.

2. Press Cand use Kto turn the auto leg sequencing on or off.

3. Rotate Oto advance the cursor and use Kto turn auto leg selection on or off.

UNIT SETTINGS

Route Settings Page

4. Press Cwhen finished.

If manual leg sequencing is selected, you must manually advance the active route to the next waypoint after completing each route leg. Manual leg sequencing can also be used with the GPS SEQ switch to dial in the desired inbound course to the next route waypoint from your HSI.

To manually sequence the active route legs:

1. Press Rand use Oto display the active route page.

2. Press Cand rotate Oto highlight the waypoint.

3. Press D. Press Eto confirm the waypoint.

4. The GPS 155 will change the leg of the active route, making the selected waypoint the ‘active to’ waypoint.

Route settings with automatic leg selection off.

Whenever a GPS approach is armed, selected or the unit is powered off, the automatic waypoint sequencing option will be reset to the on position.

Page 98

UNIT SETTINGS

Leg Selection/Mag Var Setup

Automatic leg selection chooses the route leg closest to your present position as

the active leg. If you have selected the manual leg selection option, you can manually select any route leg as the active route leg by performing an ‘on-route’ direct-to. An on-route direct-to will provide direct course navigation to the selected waypoint and begin navigation of the remainder of the route in sequence, provided the auto leg sequencing option is selected.

To manually select the active (starting leg):

1. Press Cand use Oto highlight the beginning waypoint of the desired leg from the active route page.

2. Press D. Press Eto confirm the waypoint.

User magnetic variation.

Auto magnetic variation.

The GPS 155 offers three

To set the magnetic variation:

1. Press Sand use Oto display the ‘Mag Var/Arvl Alarm’ page.

2. Press Cand use Kto select auto, true or user.

3. If user is selected, use to enter the value, and E or W.

4. Press C.

magnetic variation options:

to highlight the magnetic variation value and use Kand

true, auto or user defined.

If ‘auto’ is selected, all track, course and heading information will be corrected with the magnetic variation computed by the GPS 155. The ‘true’ setting will reference all information to true north, while the ‘user’ setting will correct information to the value you enter.

Page 99

The GPS 155’s arrival alarm can be set to notify the pilot with a message when you

have reached a user defined distance to a destination waypoint. Once you have reached the set distance (up to 99.9 units), an ‘Arrival at _____’ message will be displayed.

To set the arrival alarm distance:

1. Press Sand use Oto display the ‘Mag Var/Arvl Alarm’ page.

2. Press Cand use Oto select the arrival distance field.

3. Use Kand Oto enter the desired distance. Press Eto accept the distance.

4. Press Cto finish.

The nearest airport search settings allow you to define the runway length and

surface type used in determining the nine nearest airports that are displayed. A minimum runway distance and surface may be entered to prevent airports with small runways, or runways that are not of appropriate surface, from being displayed. The default settings are ‘0 ft/mt’ for runway length and ‘any’ for runway surface.

To set the minimum runway length and runway surface:

1. Press Sand use Oto display the ‘Nearest apt search’ page.

2. Press

and use Kand Oto enter the minimum runway length upon which your aircraft

can land (up to 9999 units). Press

3. Rotate Kto display the surface selection you desire. Choices include:

• any surface • hard only surface

• soft/hard surface • water only surface

to accept the distance.

UNIT SETTINGS

Arrival Alarm/Nearest Airports

Arrival alarm set to 7.0 nm.

Nearest Airport Search Page.

4. Use Oto select ‘ok?’ and press Eto confirm.

Page 100

UNIT SETTINGS

Battery Saver/Trip Timer

The GPS 155 battery saver feature can be programmed to automatically turn off the display when using battery power. This will increase the GPS 155’s battery life in event of power failure. During this time, the GPS 155 will continue to navigate, track satellites and drive the external CDI/HSI, but not display information on the unit’s display until a key is pressed or a knob is turned.

To set the display timeout:

1. Press Sand rotate Oto display the ‘Battery saver’ page.

2. Press

3. Rotate leave the display on at all times. Press

to activate the cursor.

until the desired value is displayed (0, 30, 60 or 90 seconds). Entering 0 will

to complete.

Battery Saver Page.

The trip timer provides a running clock on NAV Menu 2 (see page 19), and can

be configured to run when power is on, or when your ground speed exceeds a userdefined minimum.

To change the trip timer settings:

1. Press Sand use Oto display the ‘Trip timer settings’ page.

Trip timer set to run when power is on.

Trip timer set to run when speed exceeds 100 knots.

2. Press Cto activate the cursor.

3. Use Kto select either ‘pwr is on’ or ‘gs exceeds’.

4. If you choose ‘pwr is on’, press Cto complete.

5. If you choose ‘gs exceeds’, use Oto highlight the speed field.

6. Enter the speed using Kand O.

7. Press Eto accept, and Cto complete.