Garmin GPS 155TSO Pilot’s Guide

OWNER’S MANUAL & REFERENCE

					CRSR	MSG
					CLR	ENT
	NRST	SET	RTE	WPT	NAV
OFF	BRT

GPS 155TSO

Pilot’s Guide

This manual is written for software versions 3.06 or above, and is not suitable for earlier software versions.

9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN Corporation.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

April 1995

190-00065-00 Rev. B

Printed in Taiwan.

INTRODUCTION

Foreword

GARMIN™, GPS 155TSO™, AutoLocate™, MultiTrac8™, Spell’N’Find™ and AutoStore™ are trademarks of GARMIN International

Jeppesen™ and NavData® are registered trademarks of Jeppesen Sandersen and are used with permission.

INTRODUCTION

Cautions

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified avionics service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The GARMIN GPS 155 does not contain any user-ser- viceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority

to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GARMIN GPS 155 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe.

Use the GPS 155 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 155 to all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

The altitude calculated by the GPS 155 is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. NEVER use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GPS 155 must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. Contact Jeppesen for more information on GPS 155 database updates.

Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.

CAUTION! The GARMIN GPS 155 has no user serviceable parts. Should you ever encounter a problem with the unit, please take it to an authorized GARMIN dealer for repairs.

Accessories & Packing List

Congratulations on choosing the first GPS certified to meet the requirements of TSO C-129 Category A1 for non-precision IFR approach procedures. The GPS 155 represents GARMIN’s commitment to provide an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs.

Before installing and getting started with your unit, please check to see that your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or damaged, please see your GARMIN dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

•GPS 155 unit w/ Rechargeable Battery Pack and NavData® Card

•Aviation Installation and Antenna Kit

•Pilot’s Guide & Quick Reference Guide

•Sample Airplane Flight Manual Supplement

•Database Subscription Packet

Optional Accessories:

•AC Adapter

•User Data Card

INTRODUCTION

Accessories and

Packing List

iii

INTRODUCTION

Designed for accurate performance, and intuitive operation, the GPS 155 is a Capabilities powerful navigation device that allows you to navigate IFR en route and approach

procedures for added convenience and safety.

Precision Performance

• MultiTrac8™ receiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites for fast, accurate positioning and speed data, with continuous 1 second updates

•Jeppesen database lists airports, VORs, NDBs, FSSs, intersections, comm frequencies, runway info, minimum safe altitude, SUA information and more

•Vacuum fluorescent display to provide easy viewing, even in direct sunlight

•Battery backup of up to 90 minutes for powering the GPS 155 in case of aircraft electrical power failure

Advanced Navigation

•Non-Precision approaches for over 5,000 U. S. airports

•Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs)

•Full-featured fuel and trip planning and E6-B capabilities

•User checklists, schedulers and timers for keeping track of maintenance requirements, procedures and flight times

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i

Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Accessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-vi

Key and Knob Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii-viii

Flying Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

PART TWO: REFERENCE

Section 1: Navigation with the GPS 155 (Nkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22 Navigating and planning

Section 2: Database and Waypoints (W& Tkeys) . . . . . . . . . . . .23-47 Finding and using database and waypoint information

Section 3: Direct-to & Route Navigation (D& Rkeys) . . . . . . . .48-61 Activating direct-to navigation; creating & using routes

Section 4: Approaches, SIDs and STARs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62-82 Selecting and flying non-precision approaches, SIDs and STARs

Section 5: Unit Settings (Skey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83-93 Configuring the GPS 155 your preferences

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

To quickly and easily locate information on specific tasks, please refer to the Index on page 117.

INTRODUCTION

Appendix A: NavData® Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94-95

Table of Contents

Appendix B: Installation & Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96-97

Appendix C: Abbreviations & Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98-107

Appendix D: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Appendix E: Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109-110

Appendix F: Troubleshooting Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-116

Appendix G: Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117-120

Key and Knob Functions

BThe power/brightness knob controls unit power and screen brightness

DThe direct-to key performs an instant GOTO and allows you to enter a waypoint and sets a direct course to the destination.

The nearest key is used to obtain information on the 9 nearest airports,

TVORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and 2 nearest FSSs. The nearest key also accesses any active SUA information. (See Section 2 for more information on the nearest waypoints.)

SThe set key allows you to customize the settings on your unit to your preferences, and view GPS coverage and receiver status. (See Section 5 for more information on unit settings.)

The route key enables you to create, edit, activate and invert routes, and

Raccess approaches, SIDs and STARs. Search-and-rescue, parallel offset and closest point of approach are also performed using the route key. (See Section 3 for more information on routes.)

The waypoint key is used to view information such as runways, frequen-

Wcies, position, and comments on airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. (See Section 2 for more information on the database and waypoints.)

The nav key is used to view navigation and position information. Planning

Noperations are also performed using the Nkey. (See Section 1 for more information on navigation and planning operations.)

INTRODUCTION

Key & Knob Functions

The GPS 155 is designed to minimize keystrokes to perform operations. There are typically several ways to perform the same operation. In general, using the knobs will decrease keystrokes and time spent using the GPS 155. Experiment to find the most effective way to use the GPS 155 to

your advantage.

vii

INTRODUCTION

Key & Knob Functions

Scrolling Arrow Prompts

Whenever the GPS 155 is displaying a list of information that is too long for the display screen, the scrolling arrow prompt will indicate which direction to scroll to view additional listings.

To scroll through a list with the flashing cursor inactive, simply rotate the inner knob. If the scrolling cursor is active, use the outer knob to view additional information.

The cursor key is used to activate/deactivate the cursor. The cursor is indi-

Ccated by flashing characters on the screen and is used for data entry, changing fields or cycling through available information.

\The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry.

MThe message key is used to view receiver messages and to alert you to important warnings and requirements.

EThe enter key is used to approve an operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.

OThe outer knob is used to advance through pages, advance the cursor or move through data fields.

KThe inner knob is used to change data or scroll through information that cannot fit on the screen all at once.

This manual will describe how to enter data using the concentric knobs; Kfor the inner knob and Ofor the outer knob. Experiment with the concentric knobs. This will greatly reduce the amount of time required to navigate with the GPS 155.

GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer. If you have any questions regarding the GPS 155, please contact our customer service department at:

GARMIN International, Inc. 9875 Widmer Rd.

Lenexa, KS 66215-1239

(913) 599-1515 (913) 599-2103 (FAX)

viii

The GARMIN GPS 155 is a powerful navigational tool that provides pilots with accurate navigational information and non-precision approaches, SIDs and STARs. The Flying Start section is designed to get you familiar with the operation of the GPS 155. This will include powering up the unit and acquiring satellites, entering data and activating a simple direct-to. This section also briefly covers the Position and CDI navigation pages, which you’ll use for most of your in-flight navigation.

The Flying Start assumes that the GPS and antenna have been correctly installed and that you have not changed any of the factory default settings for the unit. If you have changed any settings (position formats, units of measure, etc.), the descriptions and pictures used may not match your configuration. Prior to using your GPS 155 for the first time, we recommend that you taxi to location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.

Powering up the GPS 155 for first time use

The GPS 155’s power and screen brightness are controlled using the Bknob at the bottom left of the unit. Rotating it clockwise will turn the unit on and progressively brighten the display. This knob also locks the NavData® card (included with your unit) in place, so that it may not be removed during operation. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test.

The Database page will appear, showing the current database information on the NavData® card, with the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type indicated. Databases are updated every 28 days, and must be current for approved approach and IFR operations. Information on database subscriptions is available inside your GPS 155 package.

To acknowledge the database information:

1. Press the Ekey.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

Welcome Page.

Database Confirmation Page.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

Acquiring satellite data.

Enter the altitude manually if necessary.

Searching the Sky Message.

Once the database has been acknowledged, the Satellite Status page will appear, and the GPS 155 will begin to collect satellite information. An ‘Acquiring’ status will be displayed on the Satellite Status page, and the signal values on the bottom line of the page will begin displaying numeric values. This is a good indication that you are receiving signals, and satellite lock will occur. Following the first time use of your GPS 155, the time required for a position fix will vary, usually from 2 to 5 minutes.

If the unit can only obtain enough satellites for 2D navigation (no altitude), the unit will use the altitude provided by your altitude encoder, if one is connected and working. If not, you will be prompted to enter the altitude with a ‘Need altPress NAV’ message. If this message occurs, press the Nkey and use the Kand O knobs to enter the altitude shown on your altimeter. Press Ewhen finished.

If the GPS 155 has not been operated for a period of six months, or has moved over 300 miles without actively tracking satellites, it may have to ‘Search the Sky’ to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 7 1/2 to 30 minutes. The Status page will display a ‘Searching the Sky’ status, and the message annunciator (U), next to the Mkey, will also flash to alert you of a system message.

To view a system message:

1. Press M.

The message page will appear and display the status or warning information applicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.

To return to the previous page after viewing a message:

1. Press M.

After the GPS 155 acquires satellites and computes a position, the Position page will appear automatically, and you’ll be informed with a ‘Ready for navigation’ message on the message page.

Altitude

Field

Reference Waypoint Field

Position Field

The Position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field, and is also used to enter barometric pressure during approach operations. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are also selectable (see Section 1 for more information) to allow you to configure the unit to your own preferences. The default settings are:

•Altitude— Your present GPS altitude

•Present Position— Latitude and longitude displayed in degrees/minutes

•Reference Waypoint— The bearing and distance to the nearest airport

The Position page is one of four pages available under the GPS 155’s NAV key: The Position page, CDI page, NAV Menu 1 and NAV Menu 2. During most flights, the Position page and the CDI (course deviation indicator) page will be the primary pages used for navigation. The pages available under each key are accessible by pressing the desired key and rotating the outer knob, or by pressing the NAV key repeatedly.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

CDI page.

NAV Menu 1.

NAV Menu 2.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

Entering a direct-to destination.

A direct-to may also be performed from any page that displays a single waypoint identifier (the nearest airport page in this example) by simply pressing the D key, followed by ENTER.

The GPS 155 uses direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page with the DIRECT-TO (D) key.

To select a direct-to destination:

1.Press the Dkey. The CDI page will appear with the destination field flashing.

2.Rotate the Kknob to enter the first letter of the destination waypoint identifier. The destination waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.

3.Rotate the Oknob to the right to move the cursor to the next character position.

4.Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identifier.

5.Press Eto confirm the identifier. The waypoint confirmation page will appear.

6.Press Eto confirm the destination.

Once the direct-to destination is confirmed, the CDI page will appear with the destination indicated in the lower left hand corner of the screen. As well as displaying the current destination waypoint, the CDI page displays your present speed and track over the ground, and the distance and estimated time enroute to your destination. The graphical CDI, located at the top left of the screen, displays your position relative to the desired course and provides turn anticipation and waypoint messages during route and approach navigation.

In addition to the destination field and graphical CDI, the GPS 155 CDI page features four selectable fields for various navigation data so the page may be configured to your own preferences. The default settings for the CDI page are:

•Ground Speed (gs)— Your present speed over the ground in knots

•Distance (dis)— The distance to your destination in nautical miles

•Track (trk)— Your present course over the ground

•Estimated Time Enroute (ete)— The time to your destination based upon your present speed and course in hours and minutes

Once a direct-to is activated, the CDI page will provide navigation to the destination until the direct-to is cancelled or another direct-to destination is activated.

To cancel a direct-to from the CDI page:

1.Press the Ckey to activate the destination field.

2.Press \.

3.Press E.

The GPS 155’s NRST key provides the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints, as well as the two closest FSSs (Flight Service Stations) and any SUA (special use airspace) alerts for your present position. The nearest waypoint feature is a handy safety feature that may be used to execute a quick direct-to in case of an in-flight emergency or to review the closest facilities to your present position.

To view the nine nearest airports:

1.Press the Tkey. The nearest airport will be displayed, with position, frequency and runway data.

2.To review the rest of the nearest airport list, rotate the Kknob to the right.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

CDI page with an active destination.

Nearest Airport Page.

INTRODUCTION

Flying Start

The Nearest VOR Page.

To review a nearest waypoint, simply highlight the identifier and press ENTER.

The GPS 155 will operate on an internal battery if external power is lost.

To view the nine nearest list for other waypoint categories (VOR, NDB, etc.):

1.Rotate the Oknob to the right, or press the Tkey repeatedly.

2.Rotate Kto scroll through the list.

Once the nearest airport (or any other nearest waypoint) page is displayed, the selected waypoint can be quickly reviewed or selected as a direct-to destination.

To review the selected waypoint from the nearest waypoint list:

1.Press Cto activate the waypoint field.

2.Press Eto display the waypoint identification page.

3.Rotate Oto view any additional waypoint information available.

4.Press Tto return to the nearest waypoint page.

To select a nearest waypoint as a direct-to destination:

1.Press the Dkey. The waypoint position page for the selected waypoint will appear.

2.Press Eto confirm the destination.

The GPS 155 is normally connected to power through the avionics master switch. When the master switch is turned off while the unit is operating, the GPS 155 will display a power down warning page. The power down page features a timer which will count down from 30 seconds when the unit senses that power is off. After 30 seconds, the GPS 155 will shut off. If you want to continue navigation, press any key during the countdown, and the unit will continue using the internal backup battery.

To turn the GPS 155 off:

1. Turn the Bknob to the left until the unit shuts off.

Section 1

Navigation Key

The GPS 155 features four navigation pages to provide various position, course, speed and planning information. The navigation pages may viewed by pressing the NAV key and rotating the outer knob, or pressing the Nkey repeatedly.

CDI Page

Position Page

NAV Menu 1

NAV Menu 2

The CDI and Position pages are the primary pages used during in-flight navigation, while the two nav menu pages offer access to planning and calculation functions. Note that rotating the outer knob clockwise will continuously cycle through all the nav pages, while turning the knob counterclockwise stops the page selection sequence at the CDI page.

Whenever the NAV key pages are in use, the indicator light (U) next to the NAV key will illuminate. If the GPS 155 requires you to enter data on the Position page, the message indicator will flash and a message prompt with specific instructions will appear. If you leave the NAV page sequence for another set of pages, the last NAV page displayed will appear when you return to the nav sequence.

NAV KEY

Overview

Remember! The NAV pages will only display information AFTER the position and navigational information has been calculated from the satellites. If you are on the Position page before the unit has calculated a position, you will be able to enter an approximate position and altitude. This is helpful in speeding satellite acquisition if the unit has moved a great distance with the power off.

If you are not sure whether the GPS is actively calculating a position, check the receiver status field for ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ by pressing the SET key and rotating the outer knob to the left. The current receiver status is displayed at the top left of the page.

NAV KEY

CDI Page

The CDI page with desired track and estimated time enroute displayed.

If the GPS 155 is not currently navigating to a waypoint, ‘No actv wpt’ will be displayed in the CDI field.

The GPS 155’s CDI page provides you with the important information needed to navigate directly to your destination. The destination field, located at the bottom left of the page, displays the current destination waypoint or active route leg being navigated. If no direct-to destination, route or approach is being navigated, the destination field will display a dashed leg (____»_____).

CDI/Messages Field

Ground Speed/Steer Field

Track/Turn

Distance/ Field

Steer Field

Active Route Leg or Direct-

ETE Field Displaying Track

The graphical CDI at the top left of the page shows your position relative to the desired course (the moving D-bar) to the destination waypoint. The TO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are heading to (an up arrow) the waypoint or from the waypoint (a down arrow). Note that the GPS 155 always navigates TO a waypoint unless the GPS SEQ switch is set to the HOLD position or you have passed the last waypoint in a route. The default setting of the CDI scale is 5.0 nm. The CDI field is also used to display the GPS 155’s turn anticipation and waypoint alert data during route and approach operations (See sections 3 and 4). In addition to displaying your active destination and the course deviation indicator, the CDI page features four selectable fields for various distance, direction and time options. This allows you to configure the CDI page to your preferences. The default settings displayed are ground speed, distance, track and estimated time enroute.

The following functions may be displayed in the ground speed field:

•gs -- Your present speed over the ground.

•str --Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’ indicates which direction to steer, while the distance value indicates how far you are off course.

The following functions may be displayed in the distance field:

•dis -- Distance from present position to the ‘active to’ waypoint.

•str -- Steer direction and distance, or digital crosstrack error. An ‘L’ or ‘R’ indicates which direction to steer to return to your original course, while the distance value indicates how far you are off course.

The following steering functions may be displayed in the track field:

•trk -- Track, the direction of movement relative to the ground.

•brg -- Bearing, the direction from your present position to the waypoint.

•cts -- Course to steer to reduce cross track error and stay on course.

•dtk -- Desired track, the course between the active from and to waypoints.

•trn -- Turn, the direction and degrees to turn to get back on the most direct course to the destination waypoint.

The following information can be displayed in the ete field:

•eta -- Estimated Time of Arrival (at the active to waypoint)

•ete -- Estimated Time Enroute (to the active to waypoint)

•trk -- Track, or the direction of movement relative to the ground

•vn -- Vertical Navigation, or VNAV. If VNAV has been activated

(See page 16-17), this field indicates either the elapsed time before the VNAV maneuver is to begin or the VNAV altitude (the suggested altitude you should be flying in order to complete the maneuver).

NAV KEY

CDI Page

The GPS 155 position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field; and is also used to enter barometric pressure during approach operations. The altitude and reference waypoint fields are selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and current navigation needs.

Altitude, MSA or ESA (selec-

Barometric Pressure

table)

(during approach navigation)

Position

Waypoint Reference Field

(selectable)

The altitude field can display either the present altitude, minimum safe altitude (MSA) or the enroute safe altitude (ESA). MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within approximately ten miles of your present position. ESA is the recommended minimum altitude within ten miles of your course on an active route or direct-to. MSA and ESA altitudes are calculated from information contained in the database and generally includes mountains, buildings and other permanent features (see right).

To change the altitude field to display other information:

1.Press Cto obtain a flashing cursor.

2.Use Kto change the field to display the desired data.

3.Press Cto return to normal navigation.

NAV KEY

Position Page

Position page displaying MSA.

The same Position page displaying ESA. If you are on a route from New York City to Los Angeles, the MSA would be 2700 ft. at KJFK to account for objects in the area. However, the ESA would be 16,700 feet to account for the course flying through the Rocky Mountains.

NAV KEY

Position Page/Reference Wpt

Position page displaying KFOE airport as the reference waypoint.

Position page displaying the TOP VOR as the reference waypoint. This configuration is used to monitor your distance and radial to the reference waypoint during DME ARC approaches.

See Section 4 for more information on approach operation.

The Position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom of the page, to indicate your radial and distance from a selected waypoint. The reference waypoint field can display the following:

•Range, radial and identifier of the nearest airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint

•Range, radial and identifier from a user specified waypoint

The default setting is to display the nearest airport. During DME arc approach operations, the reference waypoint field will automatically display the DME reference as long as the active to waypoint is part of the DME arc.

To change the reference waypoint field to display the nearest airport, VOR, NDB, intersection, user waypoint or the range and radial from a user selected waypoint:

1.Press Cto obtain a cursor.

2.Rotate Oto highlight the proximity field after the fr.

3.Use Kto choose which waypoint type you would like displayed. (Choose ‘wpt’ if you would like a specific waypoint range and bearing to be displayed.)

4.Press Cto remove the cursor, or:

If you have selected ‘wpt’:

5.Rotate Oto advance the cursor to highlight the identifier field.

6.Use the Kand Oknobs to enter the identifier name. (This waypoint identifier can be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.) Press E.

7.Press Cto confirm the selection.

This allows any waypoint’s distance and radial to be listed on the Position page continuously. This is especially useful when trying to locate your position on a sectional or when an approach reference is not the closest navaid.

The GPS 155 features two nav menu pages for a host of valuable planning and calculating functions. NAV Menu 1 provides access to the following functions:

•	Trip Planning	•	Density altitude/true air speed calc.
•	Fuel Planning	•	Winds aloft calculations
•	VNAV Planning	•	Checklist

Trip Plan is the first function listed on NAV Menu 1 and allows you to view information regarding distance, ESA, bearing and estimated time enroute between any two waypoints and programmed route legs. The ground speed can also be varied manually to calculate several possible ETEs.

To use the trip planning function:

1.Press Nand rotate Oto display NAV Menu 1.

2.Press C, then Eto access trip planning.

3.Rotate Kto select waypoint mode or the desired route number and press E.

4.For direct-to navigation, use Kand Oenter the ‘to’ and ‘from’ waypoints. Press E to accept the waypoints (to use your present position as a waypoint, leave the corresponding waypoint field blank).

5.For route calculations, choose either ‘cum’ for cumulative data (from beginning to end) or the leg desired by rotating K.

6.Use Kand Oto enter the ground speed. Press Eto calculate the values.

7.Press Cto complete.

The trip direction, distance, ESA and ETE will be displayed on the bottom two lines of the planning page.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Trip Planning

NAV Menu 1.

Using the trip planning function.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Density Altitude

Entering an indicated altitude.

Density altitude & true air speed calculated.

The density altitude/true air speed function is also accessed from NAV Menu 1. Density altitude is the altitude at which your aircraft will perform depending on several environmental conditions including air pressure and total air temperature (the temperature including the effect of speed), read on a standard outside temperature gauge on most aircraft). True air speed considers the same factors.

To calculate the density altitude and true air speed:

1.Press Cand rotate Oto highlight ‘Dalt/tas?’.

2.Press Eto access the density altitude page.

3.Using Kand O, enter the indicated altitude (ialt) according to the aircraft instruments. Press E.

4.Use Kand Oto enter the calibrated air speed (cas) according to the aircraft instruments. Press E.

5.Use Kand Oto enter the barometric pressure (pres) obtained from ATC. Press E.

6.Use Kand Oto enter the total air temperature (tat) according to aircraft instruments.

7.Press Eand the density altitude and true air speed will be calculated and displayed.

8.Press Cto remove the cursor.

The fuel planning page will display fuel requirements for both direct-to navigation and programmed routes. The planning function requires the pilot to know the initial amount of fuel on board and the flow rate. You may also enter different ground speeds to view various information based on different travel times, etc. If your installation has interfaced a fuel flow sensor to the GPS 155, the flow rate and other information will be used from the sensor, and do not need to be entered manually.

To perform fuel planning operations:

1.Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Fuel Plan?’. Press E.

2.Use Kto select either ‘wpt’ for direct navigation or the route number you would like to use.

3.For direct-to navigation, use Kand Oenter the ‘to’ and ‘from’ waypoints. Press E to accept the waypoints (to use your present position as a waypoint, leave the corresponding waypoint field blank).

4.For route calculations, choose either ‘cum’ for cumulative route fuel requirements (from beginning to end) or the leg desired by rotating K.

If leg is selected, it displays the amount of fuel required to fly until that leg is complete.

For example: The fuel required to complete leg 2 is leg 1 + leg 2.

Fuel required to complete leg 4 is leg 1 + leg 2 + leg 3 + leg 4.

5.Rotate Oto advance the cursor to ‘fob:’ or ‘gs:’ (depending on which is displayed).

6.Use Kand Oto enter the fuel on board or the ground speed. Press E.

7.Rotate Oback two positions to highlight the ‘fob:’ or ‘gs:’ field again.

9. Rotate Kto display the other information. Press E.

10.Use Kand Oto enter the remaining data. Press E.

11.Use Kand Oto enter the flow rate, in units per hour, if needed. Press E.

The GPS 155 will calculate the range (distance) and endurance (how long the fuel will last) of your aircraft. These are found in the first field on the bottom row of the page. The fuel left on board (lfob) and reserve after the selected direct-to, leg or route will also be displayed in the second field on the bottom row.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Fuel Planning

Enter initial fuel on board before takeoff.

Fuel planning with endurance and leftover fuel on board displayed.

Fuel planning with range and reserve displayed.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Winds Aloft/VNAV

Calculating winds aloft.

Entering initial and final altitude.

The recommended VNAV descent will be displayed in the ‘at’ field.

The GPS 155 will also perform winds aloft calculations to inform you of the direction (true) and speed of the wind. This will also inform you whether you are

flying with a headwind or tailwind, and its speed.

To calculate winds aloft:

1.Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Winds?’. Press E.

2.Use Kand Oto enter your present heading in the ‘hdg:’ field. Press E.

3.Use Kand Oto enter your true air speed (TAS) in the ‘tas:’ field. If you have calculated it using the GPS 155, it will be displayed as the default. Press E.

The direction, speed and magnitude of the winds aloft will now be displayed. If the GPS 155 is interfaced to a compatible Air/Data Sensor, these values will be calculated automatically.

The VNAV function calculates vertical speed requirements to obtain a desired altitude before or after a certain distance to a waypoint. This is helpful when you would like to descend to a certain altitude near an airport, or climb to a certain altitude before reaching a certain waypoint or NAVAID.

To calculate vertical navigation parameters:

1.Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Vnav Plan?’. Press E.

2.Use Kand Oto enter the initial (from) altitude (your present GPS altitude will appear as the default altitude). Press E.

3.Use Kand Oto enter the desired final (to) altitude. Press E.

4.Use Kand Oto enter the distance from the waypoint. Press E.

5.Rotate Kto select ‘before ’or ‘after’ the waypoint. Press E.

6.Use Kand Oto enter the waypoint identifier from the active route. If you are on a route, or a direct-to, the active ‘to’ identifier will be displayed as default. Press E.

You will now notice that the vertical speed field has been calculated. If you desire a faster climb or descent, you may enter that value now.

7.Use Kand Oto enter the new desired vertical speed, or press Eto accept the calculated value.

If you enter a greater value, the GPS 155 will display the elapsed time before the maneuver is to begin. When the countdown reaches 15 seconds, you will be informed with the message ‘Start altitude chng’. The VNAV function will automatically be cancelled if the active route is changed in any way. In this case, you will be informed with a ‘VNAV cancelled’ message.

The GPS 155 will allow you to create up to nine checklists with 30 items each to remind you of repetitive tasks that can be called up at any time for review. The checklist feature is useful for creating pre-flight checklists, landing checklists, emergency procedures, etc. Each name or function can have up to 16 characters.

To create or edit a checklist:

1.Press Cand rotate Oto highlight ‘Chklist?’. Press E.

2.Use Oto highlight the checklist number you would like to create or edit.

If there are no checklists, you must select the first checklist field. Press E.

3.Use Kand Oto enter the title of the checklist. Press E.

The checklist page will appear, where you may now enter each individual item, such as ‘Check Fuel’, etc.

4.Use Kand Oto enter the checklist item. Press E.

5.You may repeat step 4 to enter additional items, or press Cto finish.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Checklists

VNAV displayed on the CDI page.

The scrolling cursor prompt indicates the direction to scroll to view additional checklists.

Entering Pre-Taxi checklist items.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 2/Approach Timer

To execute a checklist, highlight the desired item and press ENTER.

NAV Menu 2.

Approach Timer.

To execute a checklist:

1.Press Cand highlight ‘Chklist?’. Press E.

2.Rotate Oto highlight the checklist you would like to see and press E.

3.Use Oto view checklist items, and press Eto check off a highlighted item.

To delete a checklist item or an entire checklist:

1.To delete a checklist item, highlight the desired item and press \, followed by E.

2.To delete an entire checklist, highlight the desired list and press \, followed by E.

The GPS 155’s NAV Menu 2 provides access to various timer and planning functions, including:

•	Approach timer	•	Clock (Date and time)
•	Trip timer	•	RAIM prediction
•	Scheduler	•	Sunrise and sunset calculations

The approach timer serves as either a count up or a count down timer that can be set or reset at any time.

To activate/change/view the approach timer:

1.Press Nand rotate Oto display NAV Menu 2.

2.Press C, followed by E.

3.Rotate Kto select either ‘Count up’ or ‘Count down’. Press Eto accept.

4.Use Kand Oto set the time to count from, if you are using count down, or the time to begin counting, if you are using count up. Press E.

5.Rotate Oto select desired function, ‘Start?’, ‘Stop?’, or ‘Reset?’. Press Eto execute.

When the count down timer reaches zero, you will be informed with a ‘Timer expired’ message. The timer will then begin to count up, keeping track of how long it has been since it expired. The count up timer will not display a message. The timers run, if not altered, any time the GPS 155 is on.

The GPS 155 clock function keeps track of both UTC time (Greenwich Mean Time, or Zulu Time calculated from the satellites) and local time, and allows you to designate which time format is used for ETA calculations. The local time and date can be set without doing a UTC to local time conversion manually.

To set the local date/time:

1.Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Clock?’. Press E.

2.Use Kto select either UTC or local time to be displayed in the ETA fields. Press E.

3.Use Kand Oto set the local date. Press E.

4.Use Kand Oto set the local time. Press E.

5.Press Cto complete.

The GPS 155’s trip timer keeps track of the duration of your current trip, and can help you maintain accurate records and logs. The timer will count whenever the GPS 155 is on, or when your ground speed exceeds a specified setting (see page 90).

To view or reset the trip timer:

1.Press Cand use Oto highlight ‘Trip Time?’. Press E. The current time of day, departure time and time enroute will be displayed.

2.To reset the timer, press E. To skip resetting the timer, press C.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 1/Timer & Clock

Timer expired message.

Entering a local time.

Resetting the trip timer.

NAV KEY

NAV Menu 2/RAIM Prediction

Enter the time and date for RAIM prediction.

Confirm the selected waypoint.

RAIM available for the entered date & time.

The RAIM Prediction function allows you to confirm that GPS coverage is available for a specific location or waypoint, any day of the year. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring performs checks to ensure that the GPS 155 will have adequate satellite geometry to work with during your flight. RAIM availability will be near 100% in Oceanic, En route, and Terminal phases of flight. Because the FAA’s TSO requirements for non-precision approaches specify significantly better satellite coverage than other flight phases, RAIM may not to be available when flying some approaches. The GPS 155 will automatically monitor RAIM during approach operations and warn you if RAIM is not available. RAIM prediction will help you plan for a pending flight to confirm that the GPS 155 can be used for an approach, and should be calculated the night before or the day of the desired flight.

To predict RAIM availability:

1.Press Cand rotate Oto highlight ‘RAIM Prd?’. Press E. The cursor highlight will appear on the ‘Compute RAIM?’ prompt, ready to compute RAIM for your present position and time. To compute RAIM, press E. If you want to see if RAIM is available at another date or time, or at any waypoint in the database, perform steps 2 through 6.

2.Rotate Oto highlight the field which you would like to change.

3.Use Kand Oto enter the waypoint name, or leave it blank to use your current position. Press Eto accept. or:

4.Use Kand Oto enter the day/month/year and the estimated time of arrival in hours and minutes (in local or UTC time, whichever you have selected from the clock display). The current date will be displayed automatically. Press Eto accept.

5.Rotate Oto highlight ‘Compute RAIM?’ and press E.

When the computations are complete, the GPS 155 will display whether or not RAIM is available for the specified date and time, +/- 15 minutes of your ETA.

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