Garmin GPS 100 User Manual

GPS 100

PERSONAL NAVIGATOR

OWNER'S MANUAL

GARMIN

GPS 100

Personal Navigator

OWNER'S MANUAL

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

October, 1992 190-00001-00 Rev. A

PREFACE

GARMIN thanks you for selecting the industry’s first high performance, full featured Personal NavigatorTM. The GPS 100 represents our commitment to provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit for many years to come.

The GPS 100's rugged construction and quality components offer the reliability demanded by the harshest operating environments. It may be used in marine, aviation, and land vehicles as well as by hunters, hikers, and military forces. The unit may be operated portably using its own battery pack, or it may use a 12 or 24 volt external power source for fixed mounted applications. You can even use a 115 or 230 volt battery charger for planning trips at home.

This manual and accompanying quick reference card provide complete information on safely operating the GPS 100 to its full potential. An exciting practice voyage has been planned for you to practice your navigation skills using the built-in simulator. Afterwards try a trip of your own to realize the value of the GPS 100 as your Personal NavigatorTM. If you have any questions or comments, our Customer Support Department is eager to serve you. GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer.

GARMIN International, Inc. 9875 Widmer Road Lenexa, KS 66215

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 100 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use the GPS 100 at your own risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 100 to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

The altitude calculated by the GPS 100 is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. NEVER use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

· Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.

· Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

· Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

· Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 100 1-1

1.1 GPS 100 Capabilities 1-1

1.2 Basic Package 1-2

1.3 Optional Accessories 1-3

1.4 Operational Modes 1-4

2 GETTING STARTED - GPS 100 FUNDAMENTALS 2-1

2.1 Keypad Operation 2-2

2.2 Entering Data 2-4

2.3 Viewing Messages 2-5

3 INITIALIZATION 3-1 4 WAYPOINTS 4-1

4.1 Waypoint Definition 4-2

4.2 Creating Waypoints 4-2

4.3 Using Waypoints 4-4

4.4 Using Waypoints By Scanning 4-5

4.5 Reviewing Waypoints 4-6

4.6 Modifying Waypoints 4-6

4.7 Nearest Waypoints 4-7

4.8 Proximity Alarm Waypoints 4-8

4.9 Waypoint Catalog 4-9

5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1

5.1 CDI and Navigation Summary 5-2

5.2 Present Position 5-5

6 GETTING THERE FAST — GOTO 6-1

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7 ROUTES 7-1

7.1 Navigating Using Routes 7-2

7.2 Route Catalog 7-3

7.3 Editing Routes 7-4

7.4 Activating Routes 7-5

7.5 Deleting Routes 7-7

7.6 Closest Point of Approach 7-7

8 AutoStore

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9 TRIP PLANNING AND GPS STATUS 9-1

9.1 Trip Planning 9-1

9.2 Fuel Planning 9-2

9.3 Density Altitude/TAS (Aviation Feature) 9-3

9.4 Wind Aloft (Aviation Feature) 9-4

9.5 Vertical Navigation (Aviation Feature) 9-5

10 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS 10-1

10.1 Date and Time 10-1

10.2 Alarm Clocks 10-2

10.3 Event Timers 10-3

10.4 Sunrise/Sunset 10-5

10.5 Battery Timer 10-5

11 CUSTOMIZING THE GPS 100 11-1

11.1 GPS Status 11-2

11.2 User Selectable Alarms 11-3

11.3 CDI Settings 11-5

11.4 Offset Navigation/Magnetic Variation 11-6

11.5 Audio/Display Characteristics 11-8

11.6 Navigation Display Units 11-9

11.7 Map Datum/Interface 11-11

11.8 Waypoint/Route Transfer 11-12

12 ADVANCED FEATURES 12-1

12.1 Building Routes Using AutoStore

12.2 Parallel Offset Navigation 12-2

12.3 Course To Steer (CTS) 12-3

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12.4 Vertical Navigation (Aviation Feature) 12-4

12.5 Closest Point of Approach 12-5

13 MESSAGES 13-1 14 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14-1

14.1 Specifications 14-1

14.2 Electrical Wiring 14-3

14.3 Gimbal Bracket Installation 14-4

14.4 Slide Mount Operation 14-6

14.5 Battery Pack Operation 14-9

14.6 Maintenance 14-10

14.7 Customer Support 14-10

15 SAMPLE SIMULATED TRIP 15-1

APPENDICES

A GPS — HOW DOES IT WORK A-1

A.1 GPS Overview A-1 A.2 Coverage and Accuracy A-1 A.3 GPS Receiver Designs A-2

B ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS B-1 C LOCAL TIME TO UTC TIME CONVERSION C-1 D INDEX D-1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 100

1.1 GPS 100 CAPABILITIES

The GPS 100 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously unavailable or found only in much larger and more expensive systems:

· Performance: State-of-the-art MultiTracTM receiver tracks up to eight satellites while providing high receiver sensitivity, fast first fix, and continuous navigation updates.

· Portability: Goes where you go - on land, sea, or in the air. The builtin simulator allows you to plan your next trip or hone your navigation skills at home or in your office.

· Navigation: Illuminated keypad and display provide the navigation information you need at a glance. Store up to 250 alphanumeric waypoints and 10 reversible routes. The GOTO function sets an instantaneous course to the waypoint of your choice. The AutoStore function helps you build routes as you go. A flashing Message Annunciator and an audible message tone keeps you fully informed of your navigation status.

· Personalized: Configure your unit the way you like by selecting nautical units, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) sensitivity, keypad and display features, map datums, and interface options.

· Low Power Consumption: Battery Saver operation, which draws less than 250 milliamps of current, provides 14 hours of continuous operation with six AA size alkaline batteries. The QuickFixTM mode provides on demand position fixes in as little as 15 seconds and over 100 hours of battery life at four fixes per hour.

· Trip Planning: Analyze distance, time, and fuel requirements for your trip. Compute the time of sunrise and sunset at your destination. Calculate density altitude before you take off, and true airspeed as you fly. Vertical navigation guides you to your cruise altitude and puts you in the traffic pattern before landing.

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· Multi-purpose Alarms: Dual alarm clocks and timers allow the GPS 100 to watch the clock for you. Arrival, anchor drag, CDI, and hazard alerts help you safely navigate your craft.

· Offset navigation: The offset navigation feature allows you to traverse your route a fixed distance left or right from a defined course.

· Interfaces: Interface with marine or aviation autopilots and graphical plotters. Down load waypoints and routes to your PC for permanent record.

We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in simulator. This will help you quickly master the features of the GPS 100.

1.2 BASIC PACKAGE

Your GARMIN GPS 100 basic package includes:

· GPS 100 Unit

· Rechargeable Battery Pack

· 115V/230V Battery Charger

· Gimbal Mount Assembly

· Power/Data Cable

· Wrist Strap

· Owner's Manual

· Quick Reference Card

· Warranty Card

The basic package allows you to use your GPS 100 for both portable and fixed operations. The unit may be operated from external AC power using the battery charger, external 12 or 24 volt DC power using the power/data cable, or using a battery pack.

Handheld Operation:

For handheld operation, the GPS 100 is powered by the battery pack which can be recharged using the supplied battery charger. (NOTE: This battery pack is permanently sealed and should never be opened.) An optional AA size battery pack is available if you wish to use disposable batteries.

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In order to track GPS satellites, the unit must be situated with the antenna pointed straight up and should not be blocked by objects or people (signal reception through thin fabric such as canvas may be adequate but degraded). A wrist strap is provided to prevent accidental dropping of your GPS 100. (Connect the wrist strap to the eyelet on the back of the unit.)

Gimbal Mount Operation:

A gimbal mount is supplied for fixed installation in a boat or land vehicle. The unit may be operated using vehicle power through the power/data cable or it may be operated using the battery pack.

While using vehicle power, you may wish to leave the battery pack in the unit. Vehicle power will automatically maintain the rechargeable battery pack at full capacity. In the event of vehicle power failure, the GPS 100 will automatically switch to battery power.

In addition to supplying power to the unit, the power/data cable allows you to interface your GPS 100 with other marine electronic devices such as plotters or autopilots (see Section 14.2 on electrical wiring).

1.3 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs:

· Magnetic Mount Antenna Kit

· Marine/RV Remote Antenna Kit

· Personal Computer Kit

· Carrying Case

· AA Size Battery Pack

· Data Transfer Cable (unit-to-unit)

Marine/RV Operation:

A Marine/RV Remote Antenna Kit is available for those installations that require an external antenna for an unobstructed view of the sky. This kit includes a remote weather-proof antenna and 30 feet of low-loss antenna cable. The remote antenna has been constructed to thread onto a standard 1" antenna mount. Antenna mounts, commonly used to attach VHF radio antennas and Loran-C couplers, are readily available from your local marine accessories dealer.

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A Magnetic Mount Antenna KIt is available for temporary attachment of the GPS 100 antenna to a metalic surface. This kit includes a remote weatherproof antenna and 10 feet of low-loss antenna cable.

Personal Computer Kit:

A Personal Computer Kit is available for real-time track plotting/map generation and downloading of almanac, waypoints, and routes. Perform satellite visibility computations and useful DXF format conversion for interfacing to various CAD and GIS (Geographical Information System) programs. Waypoints and routes may be uploaded from a PC back to your GPS 100 using this kit.

Data Transfer Cable:

A data transfer cable is available to transfer waypoints and routes from one GPS 100 to another. This cable comes complete with GPS 100 connectors and can be used in conjunction with the battery charger.

Carrying Case:

A carrying case is available for convenient storage or transportation of your GPS 100. This case can be worn on your belt or over the shoulder. A utility pocket is provided for storing spare battery packs as well as other small items. The unit may be operated directly from the case by unzipping the top and bottom zippers and raising the antenna.

AA Size Battery Pack:

A AA size battery pack is available if you wish to use disposable batteries for GPS 100 operation. The AA battery pack should be filled with six high quality alkaline batteries commonly found at retail stores.

1.4 OPERATIONAL MODES

If your GPS 100 is powered by an external source, it will provide continuous navigation updates. Typical time to first fix is less than 2.5 minutes. (If you have used your unit within the hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.)

If your GPS 100 is powered by the battery charger or a battery pack, you may select one of four operational modes:

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Normal mode offers continuous position updates as if you were using an external power source. The GPS 100 will typically operate 8 hours on a single pack of alkaline batteries, or 5 hours using the rechargeable battery pack.

Battery Saver mode, suitable for most applications, offers navigation updates that adapt to your needs while extending battery life. The GPS 100 will typically operate 14 hours on a single pack of alkaline batteries, or 8 hours using the rechargeable battery pack.

QuickFixTM mode offers the convenience of quick, on demand position

updates and extended battery life for surface navigation users. A single pack of alkaline batteries will last over 100 hours at four fixes per hour. After your position has been calculated, you may turn the unit off, or it will automatically turn off two minutes after the last keypress. When you are ready for a new position fix, simply turn the unit on. The GPS 100 will quickly re-acquire satellites and calculate a new position. To manually cancel QuickFix

mode, turn the unit off prior to obtaining a position fix. If you have not requested a new position fix for 30 minutes, the QuickFixTM mode will automatically be cancelled.

Simulator mode allows you to simulate the operation of the GPS 100 while at home or in your office. The simulator mode can be used while learning to use your GPS 100 and is ideal for planning routes and entering waypoints. Keep in mind that the GPS 100 is not tracking satellites in the simulator mode. You should never attempt to use the simulator mode for actual navigation.

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CHAPTER 2

GETTING STARTED — GPS 100 FUNDAMENTALS

The front panel consists of a 3- line, 22- character LCD display and 21 keys. Both the display and keypad are illuminated for your convenience while operating in the darkness.

Flashing “M” character for new messages; steady “M” if messages remain on the Message page after you view them.

No “M” character if no messages.

Information displayed on the LCD is commonly referred to as a “page”. Notice the “M” character in the upper right-hand corner of the display illustrated above. This symbol is known as the Message Annunciator and will flash if the GPS 100 wishes to tell you something. The unit also contains an internal tone generator that will sound with the flashing Message Annunciator (if your unit is connected to an external alarm system, it will also be activated).

Cursor on Alphanumeric Field Numeric Field

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Confirmation Field Cursor on Cyclic Field

The area of the page with light characters and dark background is called the cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields. A field is a group of characters treated as a single unit of information which allow you to enter data. You will encounter four types of fields.

Numeric fields accept numbers. For example, you will enter the time in an numeric field.

Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters. For example, you will enter the date in an alphanumeric field.

Cyclic fields allow you to select from one of several available options. For example, you may select between ETE (estimated time enroute) or ETA (estimated time of arrival) using a cyclic field. Cyclic fields are indicated on the display by a “>” character.

Confirmation fields allow you to indicate your acceptance or rejection. For example, you will be asked to confirm the initial position, date, and time before satellite acquisition begins. Confirmation fields always end with a “?” character.

2.1 KEYPAD OPERATION

The ON/OFF key is a dual function rocker key that controls system power and panel backlight intensity.

When the unit is on, pressing the ON/BRT side of the key will increase the backlight intensity. Pressing the OFF/DIM side will decrease the backlight intensity.

To turn the unit off, press and hold the OFF/DIM side of the ON/OFF key for three seconds until the display is blank.

Pressing the MSG key allows you to view messages. (See Section 2.3 and

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Chapter 13 for more details.) Pressing the GOTO key allows you to activate the GOTO function,

which will set an instantaneous course to any waypoint. (See Chapter 6 for more details.)

Pressing the AUTOSTO key allows you to capture your present position on an instantaneous basis. The AutoStoreTM function also allows you to place the waypoints in a route. (See Chapter 8 for more details.)

Pressing the SET key selects the setup pages which allow you to customize the unit as you like. (See Chapter 11 for more details.)

Pressing the RTE key selects the route pages which allow you to edit, review, activate, and delete routes. (See Chapter 7 for more details.)

Pressing the WPT key selects the waypoint pages which allow you to create, edit and delete waypoints. In addition, you may view your nearest waypoints and set waypoint proximity alarms. (See Chapter 4 for more details.)

Pressing the NAV key selects the navigation pages which allow you to view navigation information and perform planning functions. (See Chapters 5, 9, and 10 for more details.)

Pressing the right or left side of this rocker key allows you to move the cursor, scroll through information lists, and enter letters of the alphabet.

The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter letters and numbers into the GPS 100.

If you want to enter a number, for instance “1”, simply press the 1 key. If you want to enter a letter, for example “A”, press the 1 key, then press the right arrow key once to select “A” (you may also press the left arrow key three times to display the "A").

Pressing the CLR key erases information in the cursor field. If the cursor is

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over a cyclic field, pressing the CLR key will toggle through several available options. If the cursor is over a confirmation field, pressing the CLR key indicates rejection.

Pressing the ENT key completes the process of data entry. If the cursor is over a confirmation field, pressing the ENT key indicates your approval.

2.2 ENTERING DATA

The GPS 100 features a keypad feedback tone which will sound each time you press a key. If you enter data which is not appropriate for the field, the feedback tone will quickly sound three times indicating an error. The keypad feedback tone can be turned off if you wish (see Section 11.5 for more information).

Data is entered into the unit using the keypad and fields. In order to enter data you must first move the cursor over the desired field by pressing the right or left arrow key.

To enter a number...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired number. The numbers will fill in from the left side of the field similar to a typewriter. You must enter any leading zeros in the field. For example, if you wish to enter “51” in a 3 space field, you must press the 0, 5, and 1 keys in that order.

· Press the CLR key if you enter an incorrect number.

· Press the ENT key when you have filled each space of the field with numbers.

To enter a letter...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired letter.

· Press the right or left arrow key until the desired letter is displayed.

· Press the CLR key if you enter an incorrect letter.

· Press the ENT key when all the characters are entered.

(Note: Some fields allow only letters and no numbers. For example, the

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hemispheric designation for latitude is either an “N” for North or “S” for South. If you wish to enter an “N” for North, press the 5 key, which is also labeled with the letter N. The GPS 100 will automatically display “N” for you.)

To change a cyclic field...

· Press the CLR key.

To indicate approval on a confirmation field...

· Press the ENT key.

To indicate rejection on a confirmation field...

· Press the CLR key.

2.3 VIEWING MESSAGES

Message Annunciator

MESSAGE PAGE

From time to time, the GPS 100 will use a message to tell you of conditions that need your attention. When the GPS 100 has a new message for you, the Message Annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press the MSG key to view new message(s). Continue to press the MSG key until the page you were viewing prior to pressing the MSG key is displayed.

While the Message Annunciator is flashing, the GPS 100 will also generate an audible tone to alert you of the message. Messages that demand immediate attention such as an arrival alarm generate a quick tone that will not stop until you view the message. All other messages generate a slow tone that will cease after 15 seconds. The message tone may be turned off if you wish (see Section 11.5 for more information).

Certain messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed. If this occurs, the Message Annunciator will be in view but will not flash. If no messages exist on the Message Page, the Message Annunciator will

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not be visible and the message page will appear as illustrated below.

Refer to Chapter 13 for a complete list of GPS 100 messages.

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CHAPTER 3

INITIALIZATION

By now you should have a basic understanding of the GPS 100. Turn your unit on and we will walk you through the initialization process. (You may need to use the battery charger when you operate the unit for the first time. Please allow the unit to remain on the battery charger for at least 14 hours before actual field use.)

SELF TEST PAGE

When you turn your GPS 100 on, the Self Test Page will be displayed for approximately 2 seconds. During this time, the GPS 100 will conduct a series of self tests.

UTC Date UTC Time

Initial Initial

Latitude Longitude

Nearest Waypoint Bearing & Range from Waypoint

INITIALIZATION PAGE

Following completion of the self tests, the Initialization Page will be displayed. This page allows you to verify and change, if necessary, the UTC date/time and initial position. (UTC, essentially the same as Greenwich Mean Time, is the time of day at 0 degrees longitude. See Appendix C for UTC/local time conversion.)

NOTE: The UTC date and time has been set by the factory and will be updated by information received from the satellites. Unless the date/time is in error by more than 20 minutes, it need not be updated.

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To update the initial date...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the date field.

· Press the number keys associated with the UTC day of the month. For example, to enter the 14th day of June, press the 1 key followed by the 4 key. Remember to press the CLR key if you make a mistake.

· Use the alphanumeric keys to enter the first 3 characters of the UTC month, i.e. JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, or DEC.

· Enter the last two digits of the UTC year. For example, in the year 1991 you would enter “91”. In the year 2005 you would enter “05”

· Press the ENT key when you have finished entering the UTC date.

To update the initial time...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the UTC time field.

· Enter the time in 24 hour UTC format. For example, if the UTC time is 14:30 (i.e. 2:30 PM), press the 1, 4, 3, and 0 keys.

· Press the ENT key when you have finished entering the UTC time.

The position on the Initialization Page is the last position stored in the GPS

100. This page also displays the bearing and range from the nearest waypoint, which typically will be the destination of your last trip.

You may verify the initial position by comparing the displayed latitude/ longitude with your actual position (obtained from a map or chart). Alternatively, you may find it easier to verify that the initial position is within a reasonable distance from the displayed waypoint. Unless your unit has been moved more than 800 nautical miles with the power off, you should not have to re-enter the initial position. (For fast satellite acquisition, the displayed position should be within 60 nautical miles from your actual position.)

To update the initial position by latitude/longitude...

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· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the latitude field.

· Check the hemispheric designation (“N” or “S”) of the latitude. If it is correct, go to the next step. If it is incorrect, press the CLR key followed by the key labeled with the correct hemispheric designator for your position. For example, if your position is North of the Equator press the 5 key. This will cause an “N” to be displayed in the first character of the latitude. Similarly, press the 7 key for “S” if your position is South of the Equator.

· Enter your approximate latitude in degrees and minutes.

· Press the ENT key when your latitude is correct. The cursor will automatically move to the longitude field.

· Check the hemispheric designation (“E” or “W”) of the longitude. If it is correct, go to the next step. If it is incorrect, press the CLR key followed by the key labeled with the correct hemispheric designator for your position. For example, if your position is in the Eastern Hemisphere, press the 2 key. This will cause an “E” to be displayed in the first character of the longitude. Similarly, press the 8 key for “W” if your position is in the Western Hemisphere.

· Enter your approximate longitude in degrees and minutes.

· Press the ENT key when your longitude is correct.

Alternatively, you may enter the name of a nearby waypoint. The GPS 100 will use the position of the waypoint as its initial position. You will find this method convenient if the nearby waypoint is already programmed and stored in memory (see Chapter 4 for information on waypoints).

To update the initial position by waypoint name...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the waypoint name on line 3.

· Enter the waypoint name. The GPS 100 will display the latitude/ longitude of the entered waypoint on line 2.

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When the initial data is acceptable to you, use the right or left arrow key to place the cursor over “OK?”. Press the ENT key to accept the Initialization data.

MODE SELECTION PAGE

If you are operating the unit with a battery pack or with the battery charger, the above page will be displayed asking you to select the operational mode before proceeding. Recall that you may select Normal, Battery Saver, QuickFixTM, or Simulator mode as described in Section 1.4.

To select the operational mode...

· Use the left arrow key to place the cursor to the right of “>” on line 3.

· Press the CLR key until the desired operational mode is displayed. For example, to select QuickFixTM mode, press the CLR key until “QUICKFIX” is displayed.

· Use the right arrow key to place the cursor over “OK?”.

· Press the ENT key to accept the operational mode.

Your GPS 100 is now initialized and the Satellite Status Page will be displayed (see Section 11.1 for more information on the Satellite Status Page). If you are not operating your GPS 100 in the Simulator mode, it will immediately begin acquiring satellites. This processs is fully automatic and, under normal circumstances, will take 2-3 minutes to obtain navigation information. The GPS 100 will inform you when it is ready for navigation with the message “READY FOR NAVIGATION".

If four or more satellites with good geometry are available, the GPS 100 will automatically operate in the 3D mode in which latitude, longitude, and altitude are computed. If only three satellites are available, the unit will automatically operate in 2D mode in which only latitude and longitude are computed. When operating in the 2D mode, the unit will ask you to enter an altitude with the message “NEED ALT - PRESS NAV” (see Section 5.2 on altitude entry).

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Your GPS 100 will automatically update satellite orbital data as it operates. If you have not operated your unit for a period of six months or longer, it will search the sky to collect new orbital data. You will be informed when your unit is searching the sky with the message “SEARCHING THE SKY”. Once satellite orbital data is collected, it will be stored in battery backed up memory. This means the data will not be lost when you turn your GPS 100 off.

If the GPS 100 cannot acquire enough satellites for 2D or 3D navigation, you will be informed with the message “POOR GPS COVERAGE”. If this situation occurs, check the installation and make sure the antenna is properly connected and not obstructed. You may wish to repeat the initialization steps and verify that the initial data are correct.

Where to go from here...

If you are using your GPS 100 for the first time, we encourage you to review Chapter 4 on waypoints, Chapter 5 on navigation, and Chapter 6 on GOTO. Additionally, you may wish to go through Chapter 11 on custom setups. Finally, you don’t want to miss our sample trip in Chapter 15 using the builtin simulator! This will help you quickly master the power and capability of the GPS 100.

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CHAPTER 4

WAYPOINTS

One of the many powerful features of the GPS 100 is its ability to create, store, and use 250 alphanumeric waypoints. A waypoint consists of a name (up to five letters or numbers) and its latitude/longitude location. You will have the opportunity to use waypoints extensively while operating the GPS

100. For example, you can build a route using waypoints, you can perform trip/fuel planning using waypoints, and you can even calculate the time of sunrise and sunset for a waypoint of interest.

The GPS 100 features four waypoint pages. You may cycle through these pages as illustrated below by pressing the WPT key until the desired page is displayed.

WAYPOINT DEFINITION PAGE WAYPOINT CATALOG PAGE

NEAREST WAYPOINT PAGE PROXIMITY WAYPOINT PAGE

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4.1 WAYPOINT DEFINITION

Waypoint Proximity Nearest

Name Indicator Waypoint Indicator

Latitude Longitude

Reference Waypoint Bearing & Range from Reference

WAYPOINT DEFINITION PAGE

The Waypoint Definition Page displays the waypoint name (up to 5 characters), its latitude/longitude, and an optional reference. The reference waypoint option allows you to compute the relative position (range and bearing) of the displayed waypoint from a better known location. The reference for each waypoint will be stored in memory to help you remember where the waypoint is located.

If the waypoint is used as a proximity alarm (see section 4.8 for more information), it will be indicated by “PROX” on line 1. Additionally, if the waypoint is one of the 9 nearest waypoints, it will be indicated by “NRx” on line 1 (“x” ranges from 1 to 9, with 1 meaning the closest).

4.2 CREATING WAYPOINTS

NEW WAYPOINT PAGE

When a waypoint name has been entered that does not exist in memory, the GPS 100 will assume you wish to create a new waypoint. The New Waypoint Page will ask you to select one of three methods for defining the waypoint position: direct latitude/longitude entry, relative to an existing waypoint, or relative to your present position.

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To enter the waypoint position directly...

· Place the cursor over “ENTER POSN?” and press the ENT key. The Waypoint Definition Page will appear with the cursor over waypoint latitude as illustrated below.

· Enter the waypoint latitude.

· Enter the waypoint longitude.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key. The waypoint is now stored in memory.

To create a waypoint offset from a reference waypoint...

· Move the cursor over “REF WPT?” and press the ENT key. The Waypoint Definition Page will appear with the cursor over the reference waypoint name as illustrated below.

· Enter the name of the reference waypoint. The position of the reference waypoint will be displayed on line 2.

· Enter the bearing from the reference waypoint to the new waypoint.

· Enter the distance from the reference waypoint to the new waypoint. The resulting waypoint position will be displayed on line 2.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key. The waypoint is now stored in memory.

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To create a waypoint offset from your position...

· Move the cursor over “RELATIVE TO PRES POSN?” and press the ENT key. The Waypoint Definition Page will appear with the cursor over the bearing and your position will be displayed on line 2 as illustrated below.

· Enter the bearing from your present position to the new waypoint.

· Enter the range from your present position to the new waypoint. The resulting waypoint position will be displayed on line 2.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key. The waypoint is now stored in memory.

4.3 USING WAYPOINTS

Once you have created a waypoint, you may use it on any page requiring a waypoint name. When a waypoint name is entered, the Waypoint Definition Page will be displayed asking you to confirm the position of the waypoint. For example, each time you enter a waypoint into a route, the Waypoint Definition Page will be displayed.

To accept the waypoint definition...

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key.

To reject the waypoint definition...

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the CLR key.

Once a waypoint definition has been accepted or rejected, the previous page will be displayed.

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4.4 USING WAYPOINTS BY SCANNING

The GPS 100 offers a waypoint scanning feature which will simplify waypoint name entry. A waypoint list is available for scanning in any waypoint name field. The list consists of up to nine nearest waypoints within 100 nm and a complete list of waypoints which are organized alphabetically (numbers are ordered before the letters of the alphabet). The nearest waypoint list is placed in front of the complete list so that, in the event of an emergency, you may quickly access the desired nearest waypoint.

To enter waypoint name by scanning...

· With the cursor over a blank waypoint name field, press the WPT key. The nearest waypoint will be displayed in the waypoint field.

· Use the right and left arrow keys to scan through the list of waypoints, starting with the nearest list and followed by the complete list.

· With the desired waypoint shown, press the ENT key to select the waypoint (use the CLR key to cancel the scanning operation at any time).

To avoid scanning through the entire waypoint list, you may want to enter the first few characters of the waypoint name.

To scan waypoints with specified initial characters...

· Enter the desired number of initial characters of the waypoint name into a waypoint field as normally done when entering a waypoint name.

· Press the WPT key to display the first waypoint that begins with the character(s) you have entered.

· Use the right and left arrow keys to scan through the list of the waypoints that matches the entered characters.

· With the desired waypoint shown, press the ENT key to select the waypoint (use the CLR key to cancel the scanning operation at any time).

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Variable rate scanning is implemented to allow you to quickly go from one end of the list to the other. When the arrow keys are pressed briefly, you will go through the waypoints one at a time. As you hold the arrow keys for a longer period of time, the waypoint list will start to scroll rapidly; the longer the arrow keys are held while scanning, the larger the step through the list.

4.5 REVIEWING WAYPOINTS

The GPS 100 allows you to quickly review waypoint information without entering the waypoint name. For example, you may review the waypoints in a route, or review the definition of the nearest waypoints. In general, if the cursor is over a waypoint name, you may quickly review the definition of

that waypoint.

To review a waypoint definition...

· Move the cursor over a waypoint name and press the ENT key. The definition of the waypoint will be displayed on the Waypoint Definition Page with the cursor over “OK?”.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key to return to the previous page.

4.6 MODIFYING WAYPOINTS

You may modify the position of a waypoint while viewing the Waypoint Definition Page. (NOTE: If a waypoint is being used for navigation, its position cannot be modified. An attempt to modify the position of such a waypoint will result in the message “CANNOT CHNG ACTV WPT”.)

To change the waypoint position by latitude/longitude entry...

· Enter the new latitude and longitude.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

To change the waypoint position by reference...

· Enter the reference waypoint name. If the desired reference is already there, you may skip this step.

· Enter the bearing from the reference to the desired waypoint location.

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