Epson FX User Manual
FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT
FOR AMERICAN USERS
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used
properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause
interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply
with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in
Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection
against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
- Reorient the receiving antenna
-
Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver
-
Move the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on
different branch circuits.
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the
Federal Communications Commission helpful:
This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC
20402. Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Epson America, Inc. No patent liability is
assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution
has been taken in the preparation of this book, Epson America, Inc. and the author assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting
from the use of the information contained herein.
Baby printout on cover reprinted with permission of Apple Computer Inc., copyright 1984
Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corporation.
Concept is a trademark of Corvus Systems, Inc.
DEC is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
FX-80, FX-100, RX-80, and RX-100 are trademarks of Epson America, Inc.
HX-20 Notebook Computer is a trademark of Epson America, Inc.
IBM-PC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
Microsoft is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
NEC is the NEC Information Systems, Inc., a subsidiary of Nippon Electronic Company, Ltd.
QX-10 is a trademark of Epson America, Inc.
TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Radio Shack, a division of Tandy Corporation.
80 Micro is published by Wayne Green Publishers.
“How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems.”
Copyright© 1984 by Epson America, Inc.
Torrance, California
90505
ii
P8294017
Preface
The User’s Manual for the FX Series printers consists of two volumes: Tutorial and Reference. This volume, the Tutorial, is arranged
in the following logical groupings:
Introduction (for everyone)
Programmer’s Easy Lesson (for experienced users)
Hardware description: Chapter 1
Software introduction: Chapter 2
Control of the way characters look: Chapters 3 to 6
Control of the way pages look: Chapters 7 to 9
Printer graphics: Chapters 10 to
User-defined characters: Chapters 15 and 16
Using everything together: Chapter 17
A complete table of contents for this volume is after this preface. For
your convenience, there is an index at the end of each volume covering the complete two-volume set. You can therefore find all the references to any topic in either one.
Conventions Used in This Manual
14
We provide sample BASIC programs that allow you to see how
various commands control the printer’s capabilities. Frequently we
start with a few program lines and then make several changes and
additions to end up with a substantial program. We suggest that you
use your SAVE command after each change to prevent losing programs because of power fluctuations or other accidents. When you
can RUN a program, we show the results you should expect.
In our sample programs, we use Microsoft’” BASIC, which is
widely used in personal computers. Because there are several slightly
different versions of Microsoft BASIC and because your computer
iii
may use a version of BASIC other than Microsoft, you may need to
modify some of the programs in this manual before they will run.
Appendix F offers help, as do the next several paragraphs.
Methods for sending BASIC print and listing commands to the
screen and to the printer vary widely. We have used PRINT and LIST
as the commands for the screen display, and LPRINT and LLIST as
commands for the printer. You may have to change those to the form
used by your system.
If, for example, your system uses the
you will need to change all instances of PRINT in our programs. Since
we use PRINT to report progress to your screen and that command
does not affect the printing, the easiest modification is to delete such
PRINT statements. For example,
PR#1
and PR#0 commands,
30 FOR D=1 TO 17: PRINT "ROW";D
would become:
39 FOR D=1 TO 17
because the only purpose of the PRINT statement is to display on the
screen information that is not absolutely essential to the program.
Any BASIC system automatically provides a carriage return (and
some BASICS add a line feed) after every program line that includes a
PRINT or LPRINT command, whether that line prints text or not. To
prevent the carriage return, we have you place a semicolon at the end
of such program lines. You will see this technique throughout the
manual.
A few versions of BASIC use semicolons between any two control
codes that fall on one program line, as in:
LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(52)
If you use such a version of BASIC, you will need to add semicolons
as appropriate.
After the ESCape code-CHR$(27)-the FX always expects another code. The second code tells the printer which mode to turn on or
off, and you may enter it in either of two formats. One format is like
the ESCape code-you use a number in parentheses after CHR$, such
as CHR$(l). The other format is shorter since it uses only an alphanumeric symbol within quotation marks, such as “E” or “@“. We usually
use the latter format.
iv
This format allows you to shorten a program line by combining a
command and its print string. In the case of Double-Strike, for instance, the quoted letter “G” turns the mode on and “H” turns it off. To
see how combining the code with a print string works, compare:
10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"G";"DOUBLE-STRIKE PRINT"
with:
10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"GDOUBLE-STRIKE PRINT"
The second program line may look peculiar, but it gives the same
output that the first version does. The G is not printed on the paper;
instead, it is interpreted by the printer as part of the ESCape sequence.
In long programs with DATA statements or subroutines, we use
END after the line that is executed last, but older BASIC systems require the use of STOP at such points. If yours is one of these, you
should change our ENDS to STOPS.
When the presence of one or more blank spaces in a program line is
especially important, we use a special character pronounced
‘blank’) to represent the spaces. This makes it easier for you to count
the number you need. For example, the following:
SAMPLE STRING"
means that you should type in one blank space for each
SAMPLE STRING"
The use of the symbol makes it easy for you to count the eight spaces
needed between the quotation mark and the beginning of the first
word. The also calls your attention to single blank spaces that are
needed immediately before or after a quotation mark. For example,
the following makes clear that you must type one space between the
quotation mark and the word “and’:
LPRINT " AND EASY TO TURN OFF"
When we include a programming REMark in a program line, it is
always preceded by an apostrophe (‘), the short form of the BASIC
command, REM. For example, we use:
10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@"
and
99'
Data lines for graphics
'Reset Code
V
The computer ignores these remarks; they merely serve to help programmers understand at a glance the way a program is working. You
may type them in or not, depending on whether you think you will
want them in the future.
We use the caret symbol (ˆ) to indicate exponents. For example:
x =
Yˆ2
means let X equal Y raised to the second power. Some computer systems use an up-arrow (t), which prints as a left bracket ([) on FX
printers.
At the end of each chapter, a Summary section provides a concise
review of the chapter’s subject matter and a list of the control codes (if
any) that have been covered. For listings of the control codes in numerical order and in functional groupings, see Appendixes B and C.
When we refer to an FX mode by name, we capitalize it:
Compressed Mode
Italic Mode
Pica Mode
Script Modes
and, for clarity, we capitalize such names even when the word mode
does not appear: Script characters and Italic print.
vi
FX Series Printer User’s Manual
Volume
Preface
Conventions Used in This Manual
List of Figures .........................................................
List of Tables
Introduction
Inside the Printer
Inside This Manual
Programmer’s Easy Lesson
First Steps
Ticket Program
Ticket Program Description
1
The FX Printers
Additional Supplies and Accessories
Printer Location
Printer Preparation
Paper Loading
Starting Up
......................................
.......................................................
.............................................
..............................
....................................
...............................
...............................
...............................
Paper separator
Covers
Manual-feed knob
DIP switches..
Ribbon Installation
FX-80: built-in tractor feed
FX-80 and FX-100: friction feed
FX-80 and FX-100: removable
Top-of-form position
Paper-thickness lever
Control panel
The FX tests itself
....................................
..............................
................................
tractor unit (optional on the FX-80)
...................................
...............................
1
Contents
................
............................
......................
.....................
..............
............................
.............................
...........................
..........................
....................
................
.........................
.........................
............................
...........
iii
iii
Xiii
xvii
1
2
2
7
7
8
10
13
16
16
17
17
18
19
20
23
24
24
28
29
32
32
32
35
35
vii
BASIC and the Printer
2
BASIC Communications
Character strings
BASIC print commands
ASCII and BASIC basics
Control codes
...............................
.........................
........................
............................
......................
......................
Escape-CHR$(27)-and other CHR$ commands
Change Commands
Reset Code
Mode cancelling codes
DELete and CANcel
............................
.................................
........................
.........................
Alternate Formats for ESCape Sequences
Summary
....................................
..........
37
38
39
39
40
41
42
44
45
45
46
46
47
3 Print Pitches
Dot-Matrix Printing
Main columns
..................................
............................
..............................
Intermediate positions
Modes for Pitches
Pica and Elite Modes
Compressed Mode
Mode priorities
.............................
.........................
...........................
.............................
Pitch Mode Combinations
Expanded Mode
.............................
Multiple print pitches on one line
Summary
4
Print Quality
Bold Modes
Double-StrikeMode
Emphasized Mode
Proportional Mode
Mixing Modes
Summary
Dress-Up Modes and Master Select
5
FourModes
Underline Mode
....................................
.................................
..................................
.........................
...........................
..........................
................................
....................................
...................................
.............................
Script Modes: Super and Sub
Italic Mode
.................................
More Mode Combinations
Master Select
...............................
Master Select combinations
Summary
....................................
........................
......................
...............
...............
..................
......................
...................
49
49
50
51
52
52
53
55
56
56
58
59
61
61
61
62
64
65
66
69
69
69
71
72
73
73
76
78
Viii
Special Printing Features
6
Backspace
....................................
Overstrikes
Offsets
.....................................
Unidirectional Mode
International Characters
Special Speeds
Half-SpeedMode
Immediate-Print Mode (FX-80 only)
Summary
....................................
........................
.................................
...........................
........................
................................
............................
............
81
81
81
82
83
85
88
89
89
90
7
Line Spacing and Line Feeds
Line Spacing
..................................
Preset line spacing
Variable line spacing
Microscopic line spacing
Line Feeds
....................................
One-time, immediate line feed
Reverse feed (FX-80 only)
Summary
Forms Control
8
....................................
................................
Form Length Control
Form feed distance
Not-so-standard forms
Paper Perforation Skip
Skip command
..............................
DIP switch skip
Single-Sheet Adjustment
Summary
....................................
.....................
...........................
.........................
......................
.................
.....................
...........................
...........................
.......................
.........................
.............................
........................
93
93
93
95
98
98
99
99
101
103
103
103
105
107
107
109
109
110
ix
Margins and Tabs
9
Margins..
Left margin
Margins and pitches
Right margin
Both margins
Tabs..
Horizontal tab usage
Variable horizontal tabs
Vertical tab usage
Ordinary vertical tabs
Vertical tab channels
Summary
.............................
....................................
.................................
.........................
...............................
...............................
.......................................
.........................
......................
............................
........................
.........................
....................................
113
113
113
114
116
118
118
119
121
122
123
126
128
10
Introduction to Dot Graphics
Dots and Matrixes
Print Head
..................................
Graphics Mode
Pin Labels
....................................
.............................
...............................
First Graphics Programs
Straight line
Slash
......................................
Large caret
Wave pattern
Diamond pattern
Summary
Varieties of Graphics Density
11
................................
.................................
...............................
............................
....................................
Graphics Programming Tips
Graphics and the Reset Code
Graphics and low ASCII codes
Density Varieties
..............................
High-Speed Double-Density Graphics Mode
Low-Speed Double-Density Graphics Mode
Quadruple-Density Graphics Mode
Moredensities
..............................
More Graphics Programming Tips
Reassigning alternate graphics codes
Nine-Pin Graphics Mode
Pin Combination Patterns
Repeated patterns
...........................
Repeated DATA numbers
Summary
....................................
....................
........................
....................
.....................
..................
................
.....
......
.............
...............
............
.....................
.......................
.....................
131
131
132
134
135
137
138
139
139
140
141
142
143
143
144
144
145
146
148
149
149
150
150
152
154
155
156
157
X
Design Your Own Graphics
12
Planning
Process
..............................
STRATA Program
Three-Dimensional Program
First version of 3D program
Other versions
Summary
....................................
..............................
.....................
.............................
....................
...................
159
159
160
163
165
170
171
Plotter Graphics
13
Arrays
.......................................
...............................
DIMension and arrays
Filling arrays
Circle Plotting
Ones become dots
Pin firing sequences
Code solutions
Higher resolution
Reflections
Exploding galaxy
Big bang
Summary
14
Symmetrical Graphics Patterns
...............................
................................
...........................
..........................
..............................
............................
.................................
............................
...................................
....................................
Pin Pattern Calculation
Graphics Width Settings
Pattern Printout
Variations
Summary
15
User-Defined Characters
Preparation..
Character Definition
Design
.....................................
Dots into DATA
Attribute byte
Proportional print
...............................
....................................
....................................
.................................
...........................
............................
..............................
...........................
Printing User-Defined Characters
Downloading Command
Defining More Characters
Redefining Control Codes
Mode Strings
STRATA
Summary
.................................
.....................................
....................................
.......................
..................
.........................
........................
........................
.................
.......................
.......................
.......................
173
173
176
176
177
178
179
180
181
183
184
185
187
189
192
193
193
195
197
199
200
200
201
202
203
203
205
207
207
208
211
212
212
xi
16
Combining User-Defined Characters
Large Letters: Double Wide
Large Letters: Double High
.....................
......................
Giant Letters: Double High and Double Wide
Core Sets
Line Graphics
Summary
....................................
.................................
....................................
..............
......
215
215
217
217
223
225
226
17
Business Application
...........................
Preparation.. .................................
Barchart
Statement Form
999 REM: The End
.....................................
...............................
............................
Index ................................................................................
227
227
227
231
238
239
xii
List of Figures
Easy-1
Easy-2
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
FX ticket program
Ticket to success
The FX-80 and FX-100 printers
Printer parts
Paperpath
Paper separator
Protective lids
Tractor covers
Manual-feed knob
DIP switch vent
DIP switch location
DIP switch factory settings
Ribbon insertion
Printer readied for paper insertion
Pin feeder adjustment
Loading the FX-80
Tractor unit release
Tractor unit installation
Hook and stud..
Adjusting the pin feeders
Top of form
Paper thickness adjustment
Cable connection
Sample automatic test
................................
..........................
...........................
...............
...............................
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..........................
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..................
...........................
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..................
...........................
.......................
8
10
14
15
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
22
25
26
27
27
28
30
30
31
33
34
35
36
2-1
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
4-1
4-2
4-3
Italic listing
Dot-matrix characters
The print head
Main columns
Intermediate positions
Pica and Elite letters
Pitch comparison
Pica and Expanded letters
Single-Strike and Double-Strike letters .........
Single-Strike, Expanded and Emphasized letters
Mode priorities ...............................................
...............................
.......................
.............................
.............................
.......................
........................
..........................
....................
43
49
50
51
51
53
53
57
62
63
66
xiii
5-1
5-2
5-3
Master Select Program
Master Select choices
.......................
Dress-up combinations
......................
......................
74
75
77
6-1
6-2
7-1
7-2
7-3
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-8
9-9
9-10
9-11
9-12
9-13
Bidirectional line
Unidirectional line
Default line spacing
Cascading STAIR STEPS
Staggering STAIR STEPS
Setting the top of form
Two-inch form feed
Two-line form feed
Standardskip
Left margin setting
Listing at new margin
Absolute left margin
Right margin set incorrectly
Right margin set correctly
Default horizontal tabs
Tabs with text and numbers
Variable horizontal tabs
Absolute horizontal tabs
Ordinary vertical tabs
Text at tab stop
Absolute vertical tabs
...........................
..........................
.........................
....................
....................
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.........................
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.............................
.........................
.......................
........................
..................
...................
......................
..................
.....................
....................
......................
............................
.......................
Printout of multipage channels
...............
84
84
94
96
100
104
106
106
108
114
115
115
116
117
119
120
121
122
124
125
126
128
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4
11-5
11-6
11-7
xiv
Pins numbered sequentially
Dot pattern in two line spacings
Pins labelled uniquely
Pin combinations
..........................
High-Speed Double-Density dots
No overlapping dots
Overlapping dots
Seven density modes
Nine-pin usage
........................
..........................
........................
.............................
Printout using bottom pin
Curling design
.............................
..................
..............
.......................
..............
...................
133
133
136
137
147
147
148
150
153
154
155
12-1
12-2
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
12-8
12-9
12-10
12-11
STRATA layout
STRATA logo
STRATA program
...........................
.............................
..........................
Corner of the FX-80 design
FX-80 figure
Program for FX-80 figure
FX-100 figure
...............................
....................
..............................
Program for FX-100 figure
More distinct version
Most distict version
Reversed version
.......................
.........................
...........................
...................
...................
161
162
163
164
168
168
169
170
171
172
172
13-1
13-2
13-3
13-4
13-5
13-6
13-7
14-1
14-2
14-3
14-4
14-5
14-6
15-1
15-2
15-3
15-4
15-5
16-1
16-2
16-3
16-4
16-5
16-6
16-7
16-8
16-9
Computer memory as sketch pad
Array in memory and on paper
Ones and zeros become dots and blanks
Labelled cell
Plotting a circle
Displaying an array
Divide and conquer
Printing the array contents
Pattern sets
Program for SYMMETRY
Symmetric pattern 1
Symmetric pattern 2
Symmetric pattern 3
...............................
............................
........................
........................
...................
...............................
...................
........................
........................
........................
ROM and user-defined characters
User-defined E
Incorrectly designed E
.............................
.......................
Pins chosen by attribute byte
Attribute byte conversions
Side-by-side characters
...................
......................
Double high and wide character
Program for giant G
Giant G
..................................
Data for AMES
Games seem same
Messages in three pitches
Tracks
Interlace
....................................
..................................
........................
............................
..........................
....................
.............
...............
.......
.............
.................
..............
174
174
175
175
177
178
182
191
191
194
195
196
196
199
201
202
203
204
216
218
220
221
222
222
223
224
225
xv
17-1
17-2
17-3
17-4
Barchart
..................................
Program for BARCHART
Statement form
............................
Program for STATEMENT
...................
..................
228
230
232
234
xvi
List of Tables
1-1 DIP switch functions .........................................
2-1
2-2
2-3
3-1
4-1
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
7-1
11-1
14-1
Several computers’ print LIST commands ......
Several computers’ printer activating commands .
ASCII codes on the FX .................................
Summary of print pitches .................................
Summary of modes .......................................
Master Select Quick Reference Chart
Print types
Some special characters
................................
..................... 85
International characters in Roman typeface
International characters in Italic typeface
International DIP switch settings
..........
.....
.......
..............
Line-spacing commands ...................................
Graphics Modes
...........................
Variables for SYMMETRY ...............................
23
38
40
42
60
67
76
78
87
87
88
102
151
190
15-1
16-1
International character locations ....................
ASCII pattern
.............................
210
219
xvii
Introduction
FX Features
Epson’s MX series of printers attracted enough attention to become
the most popular line of printers in the industry. Our FX printers fol-
low in the same grand tradition. The FX printers’ power-packed
assortment of features includes:
l
Upward compatibility with most MX III features
l
Several different print modes that can be combined to produce a
variety of print styles. These include:
Roman and Italic print fonts
Six different print pitches
Two kinds of bold printing
l
Master Select feature for instant use of any one of
combinations
l
Proportionally spaced characters for professional looking docu-
ments
l
Easy-to-use Underline and Super/Subscript Modes
16 popular
print
l
Detailed forms handling capability, including the setting of horizontal and vertical tabs, margins, form length, a skip-over-perforation
feature, and variable line feeds
l
Up to 233 characters per line with the FX-100™ for spreadsheet users
l
User-definable character sets. With this powerful feature you can
create your own alphabets and special symbols
l
High-resolution graphics capability with six densities to let you create your own charts, diagrams, figures, and illustrations
l
International character sets
l
Typewriter simulation mode with the FX-80™
l
Program debugging mode (hexadecimal dump of codes received
from the computer)
l
Fast print speed-160 characters per second-for rapid processing
of documents
l
2K print buffer for smooth operation
l
Adjustable tractor unit for narrow forms
l
Both friction- and tractor-feed capability
l
Replaceable print head
l
Easy-to-reach DIP switches to customize printer features.
l
Epson reliability, quality, and support
In short, the FX is loaded with features
that
will challenge your ability
to put them to work. This manual can help you use one or all of them.
Inside the Printer
The FX printers contain two kinds of internal memory: ROM (Read
Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory). There are 12K
bytes (approximately 12,000 characters) of ROM. This unchangeable
memory contains all the logic required for the various print features as
well as the patterns for all the built-in character sets.
The FX also contains a RAM memory buffer that stores up to 2K
bytes of text and printer commands as they are received from the computer. This frees your computer so that you can continue working
while the FX is printing. You can also use RAM another way; you can
define your own set of characters and then store them in RAM so that
you can print them at will.
It is always tempting (though not always wise) to start playing with
a new printer the instant it is out of the box. Because the FX is a sophis-
ticated piece of equipment, it is important that you understand what
the printer will do and how to operate it before you start printing.
Inside This Manual
This manual will guide you on a carefully planned tour of the vari-
ous features of the FX printers. In these pages, you
use your computer to control the printer for a large variety of applications.
2
can
learn how to
You can use this manual as a reference, a tutorial study guide, or
some combination of the two.
l
For those of you who want to use the printer for one simple application (like listing BASIC programs or using a word processing package), a description of the hardware and an overview of the software
may be all that’s necessary. In this case, you need only Chapter
1,
the Quick Reference Card at the back of Volume 2, and a knowl-
edge of the program you are using. You can always learn about the
FX’s advanced features at a later time. (You might, for instance,
someday want to modify a word processing software package so
that its printer driver uses special FX features.) The lessons will be
waiting for you.
l
For those who prefer to roll up their sleeves and see how the printer
works, we’ve included sample programs to demonstrate each of the
printer’s features.
l
For those who want only a quick, and easy reference, the comprehensive Table of Contents, the Appendixes, and the Index provide
ready access to information.
l
For computer professionals and other experienced users who simply
can’t wait to find out what the printer will do, regardless of the
consequences, we have a special section entitled “Programmer’s
Easy Lesson.” It gets you up and running fast, then turns you loose
on a program that demonstrates several of the printer’s features.
This program, the Appendixes, and the Quick Reference Card will
bring you quickly up to speed.
l
For those who are already familiar with the MX or RX series of
printers, Appendix E provides a summary of the differences
between the FX, the RX, and the MX.
3
Think of the manual as your personal guide in your exploration of
the FX’s many features.
For a preview of what your programs can produce, take a look at the
following potpourri of print modes and graphics.
4
6
Programmer’s Easy Lesson
Before you start, note that we haven’t claimed that one easy lesson
will make you an FX maestro. It takes more than one lesson to learn
the full value of the feature-packed FX printer. In fact, the more time
you spend with this manual, the more your printer will cooperate
with your every command. But some of you want to see something
from a new printer right now-no matter what. The next few pages
are especially for you.
If you get stuck, the proper set-up procedures are covered in full in
Chapter 1.
First Steps
1. Make all connections with the power OFF! Connect your FX to
your computer via the printer cable that you purchased separately.
(Some computers require special printer interface boards, also purchased separately).
2. To use continuous-feed printer paper with pin-feed holes, set the
friction-control lever and the paper bail toward the front of the
printer. If you are using the FX-80, pull the paper under the plastic
separator and through the paper path. If you are using the FX-100,
you may need to first install the tractor unit, then pull the paper
under it. In case the paper starts to jam on either model, refer to
Chapter 1 for tips on inserting paper. As you straighten the paper,
you will probably need to adjust the pin feeders.
To use either a single sheet of paper or roll paper without pin-
feed holes on the FX-80, first move the pin feeders out of the way. If
a tractor unit is installed on your FX-100, you will need to remove
it. Then, for either model, push the friction-control lever toward
the rear of the printer, pull the paper bail forward, and insert the
paper under the plastic separator. Use the manual-feed knob to
7
feed the paper through. If you use single sheets of paper, the paper-
out sensor will cause a beep and stop the printing whenever the
bottom edge passes the sensor. You can shut off the sensor by
changing DIP switches as shown in Chapter
3. Turn the printer and computer on and load a short BASIC pro-
gram. Then send a listing to the printer (using LLIST, LIST “P“, or
whatever your computer’s listing command is). You should get a
single-spaced listing. If the printout is double-spaced or printed
without line spacing, you’ll have to change a DIP switch.
Since there are many implementations of the BASIC programming language, it is impossible to write one set of programs that
will work on every computer system. This means you may need to
modify our programs to suit your system. In Appendix F we discuss such compatibility problems and suggest solutions for several
popular computers.
1.
Ticket Program
Here is an example program, written in BASIC, that shows off a lot
of the FX printer’s features. The program can give you a good survey
of print control. If you don’t understand one or more features, you
can check the index to find what part of this manual covers it.
10 N=29: E$=CHR$(27): H$=CHR$(137)
20 LPRINT E$"1";E$"D"CHR$(26)CHR$(1);
30 LPRINT
E$":"CHR$(0)CHR$(0)CHR$(B);
40 LPRINT E$"%"CHR$(1)CHR$(0);
50 LPRINT E$"&"CHR$(0)"0:";
60 FOR Y=1 TO 11: LPRINT CHR$(1l);
70 FOR X=1 TO 11: READ D: LPRINT G-K@(D);: NEXT X
80 NEXT Y: LPRINT E$"U1";
90 FOR X=1 TO N: LPRINT CHR$(95);: NEXT X:
LPRINT E$"A"CHR$(6)
100 LPRINT "7"H$" " 9"; E$"1"
110 LPRINT "7 ";:
FOR X=1 TO 25: LPRINT ":";:
NEXT X: LPRINT H$" 9"
120 LPRINT "7 :"H$": 9"
Figure Easy-1. FX ticket program
8
130 LPRINT "7
140 LPRINT "TICKET TO SUCCESS!"; E$"!@"; E$"5";
E$"+0";
150 LPRINT H$": 9":
":9": NEXT X
160 LPRINT "7 :";:
" 2";
170 LPRINT CHR$(20);E$"F";E$"S1"; " SERIES";
E$“T”;H$; H$; 9”
180 LPRINT "4 :";: LPRINT CHR$(14);E$;"E";
" 1 3";
190
LPRINT CHR$(20); E$"F"; E$"S1"; " PRINTERS";
E$ "T"; H$;": 5”
200 LPRINT "6 :"; H$;": 8": LPRINT "7 :";H$;": 9"
210 LPRINT "7 : " CHR$ (15) "BY" " E$"!X";
"EPSON AMERICA".
220 LPRINT E$"S0"; E$;"!@"; " INC "E$"T"; H$;": 9"
230 LPRINT "7 :"; H$;": 9": LPRINT "7 "E$"!Q";
240 LPRINT "GENERAL ADMISSION"; E$"!@"; H$": 9":
LPRINT "7
250 LPRINT "7 ";:
NEXT X: LPRINT H$ " 9"
LPRINT "7 "; H$; " 9"; E$"A" CHR$(1)
260
270 FOR X=1 TO N: LPRINT CHR$(95);: NEXT X: LPRINT
280 LPRINT E$"@":END
290 '*** FX xxx
300 DATA 64,0,127,0,127,0,64,0,65,0,112 :'0 F
310 DATA 1,0,127,0,127,0,65,0,96,0,0
320
DATA 64,48,72,54,73,6,1,4,72,48,64 :'2 X
330 DATA 1,6,11,48,64,48,73,54,11,6,1 :'3
340 '*** TICKET BORDERS ***
350 DATA 64,0,64,0,64,0,32,0,16,8,7 :'4
360 DATA 7,8,16,0,32,0,64,0,64,0,64 :'5
370 DATA 1,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,4,8,112 :'6
380 DATA 127,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 :'7
390 DATA 112,8,4,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,1 :'8
400
DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,127
410 DATA 73,0,20,34,0,73,0,34,20,0,73 :':
:"; E$" !X"; E$"4"; " " E$" - 1";
FOR X=1 TO 2: LPRINT "7 :"H$
LPRINT CHR$(14);E$;"E";
:"H$":9",
FOR x=1 TO 25: LPRINT ":";:
:'1
F
X
Figure Easy-1. FX ticket program (concluded)
Figure Easy-2. Ticket to success
Ticket Program Description
This is not a complete explanation of the program. That’s what the
rest of the manual is for. But this brief, line-by-line description should
help those of you who wish to analyze the program.
10 Stores values in variables for easy access. E$ holds the ESCape
code, CHR$(27).
20 Uses ESCape "1" to set the line spacing to 7/216-inch and the
ESCape “D” sequence to set a horizontal tab stop at column 26.
30 Uses the ESCape
set into RAM.
40
Designates RAM as the source for the active character set.
50 Prepares the printer to redefine characters “0” through “:“.
60 Sets a counter for the 11 letters being defined, and selects the
attribute byte of each new character.
70 Reads the data that defines the letters
15 for additional information on lines 30 through 70.)
80 Turns on the Unidirectional Print Mode.
90 Prints the top of the ticket and sets the line spacing to 6/72-inch.
100 Prints the newly defined symbol “7” (left ticket border), tabs to
the next stop, prints the other border (9) and sets the line spacing
back to 7/72-inch.
":” sequence to copy the entire ROM character
(11
sets of ll).(See Chapter
10
110
Prints the outside border, then the top of the inside border (which
was defined as the “:” character).
120 Prints another line of borders.
130 Prints more borders, then uses the Master Select to turn on
Emphasized Double-Strike Pica. Also turns on Italic and Under-
line Modes.
140
Prints TICKET TO SUCCESS, then resets the FX to its defaults,
including Pica, but does not affect the redefined characters.
150 Produces two more border lines.
160
Prints the upper half of the FX letters in Expanded Emphasized
printing. The user-defined character 0 produces the top of the F
and 2 produces the top of the X.
170 Turns off Expanded and Emphasized Modes and prints SERIES in
Superscript Mode and then prints the right side of the border.
180 Prints the bottom half of the FX letters.
190 Turns OFF the codes, prints PRINTERS in Subscript, then prints
a border.
200 Prints borders.
210 Prints borders, then switches to Compressed and prints BY. Sets,
with ESCape ” !X”, Emphasized Double-Strike Pica, and prints
EPSON. This new mode automatically turns off Compressed.
220 Sets Superscript Mode (Escape “S0”), returns to normal print
(Escape”!@“), prints INC in Superscript, then cancels Script
Mode, then prints borders.
230 Prints another line of borders, then sets Master Select with
ESCape ”!Q”, giving Double-Strike Elite.
240 Prints GENERAL ADMISSION, resets the FX to its defaults, and
prints right borders.
250 Prints the outside borders and the bottom of the inside border.
260 Prints the outside borders and sets line spacing to 1/72-inch.
270 Prints the bottom of the outside border.
11
280 Returns the printer to its defaults.
300-330 Provides data for the FX letters as user-defined characters
0-3.
350-410
Provides data for the ticket borders.
12
Chapter 1
The FX Printers
Once you’ve unpacked your new printer, the first thing you should
do is make sure you have all of the parts. With the FX-80 or FX-100
printer, you should receive the items shown in Figure
1. The printer itself
2. A manual-feed knob
3. A paper separator
4. Two protective lids
5. One ribbon cartridge (in a box)
6. This FX Series Printer User’s Manual
The FX-80 has a tractor built into its platen for handling continuousfeed paper between 9 ½ and
continuous-feed paper, you must purchase the optional FX-80 tractor
unit.
10
inches in width. To handle narrower
1-1:
On an FX-100 you will find these items installed:
7. A tractor unit
8. A dust cover for the tractor unit
As you unpack your printer, you may want to save all protective
plastic, paper, and cardboard to use in the future for repacking. Figure
1-2 displays with labels the parts of each model that we discuss in this
chapter.
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