Epson Apex 386SX-16 User Manual

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PEER-1630

16MHz 386SX™ SYSTEM

ser’s Manual

PEER-1630

Personal Computer

User’s

Manual

Edition

The following does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law:

We make no warranties with respect to this documentation either express or implied and provides it “as is”. This includes but is not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and is subject to change without notice. We assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

IBM PC, IBM PC/XT and IBM PC/AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. MS-DOS is Corporation. Intel is in the text of this Corporation, the owner of the typeface.

All other brand names are registered trademarks of their respective companies.

fitness

for

particular purpose. The information in this document

registered trademark of Intel Corporation. The typeface used

manual is

Helvetica and is used under

registered trademark of Microsoft

licence

from the Allied

1.2

Documentation design and writing by: Echo Patterson.

Enterprises Co., Ltd.

Chen,

Patty Lee, Hazel

Chen,

and Alan

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

Radio Frequency Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part

15 of

the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.

This equipment generates, uses and can

radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communica-

tions. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to

radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the inter-

ference by one or more of the following measures:

•

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

•

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

•

Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from

that to which the receiver is connected.

•

Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for

help.

Any special accessories needed for compliance must be specified in the instruction manual.

Warning: A shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and also to prevent interference to nearby radio and television reception.It is

essential that only the attached power cord be

used.

Use only shielded cables to connect I/O devices to this computer.

You are cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void your authority to operate the equipment.

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise

emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regula-

tions of the Canadian Department of Communication.

Le Présent appareil numérique n’émet

dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de

pas de bruits

radioélectriques

Class B

preescrites dans le règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté parle Ministère des

Communications

Canada.

Warning

Reconfiguring

•

keep the computer from being damaged, NEVER recon-

figure the board while the power is ON.

•

If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time, ensure that the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware settings, such as DIP switches or jumpers.

Note

When you see an error message on the screen after turning the power on, check the following:

•

Be sure the jumper and switch settings are correct.

•

Make sure your BIOS configuration is correct.

•

The non-rechargeable battery supplying power to your COMS RAM may be dead. If so, contact your local service center for

assistance.

III

Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

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1-1 Introduction

Operating System

1-2 QuickStart 1-3 Features 1-4 Specifications

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1-5 Example of a System Configuration 1-6 System Unit 1-7 Control Panel

Reset Button

Turbo Button

Indicator Lights Keylock System Power Switch

1-8 Rear Panel

Keyboard Connector Power Cord Connector Display Port Power Voltage Setting

1-9 Other Peripherals 1-10 Disk Drives

Floppy Disks Hard Disks

1-11 Keyboard 1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment

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8 8 9 9

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.18

.20

2 3

5 6

7 8

.16 .17

.21 .22

Chapter 2

SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2-1 Motherboard

386SX CPU Math Coprocessor Chip Insertion Jumpers Onboard System Memory Size ROM BIOS chips

2-2 Installation

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2-3 Connection to Power Supply

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3 4

6 7 8

19 20

Chapter 3

OPERATING YOUR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3-1 An lntroduction to DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Loading DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3-2 DOS Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Starting MS-DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Formatting Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Backing up Your Diskettes and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Deleting Your Diskettes and Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Finding Out What is on Your Disk

3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format

Step 1 — Preformat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Step 2 — Partition Step 3 — Format

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3-4 Helpful Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3-5 System Setup Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Entering the Setup Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Running the Setup Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

8 9

Chapter 4

KEYBOARD

4-1 Keyboard Layout 4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard

4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment

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Function Keys Numeric Keypad Mode Indicator Lights Special Keys QWERTY keys Cursor Keys

Key Combinations

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3 3

6 7 8 8

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2 3

Chapter 5 TROUBLESHOOTING

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5-1 Command Problems 5-2 System Error Messages

Examples of System Error Messages

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5-3 System BIOS Error Messages

Chapter 6 APPENDIX

6-1 Disk Drives

6-2 Hard Disk Drive Format

6-3 Entering 16MHz Turbo Mode

6-4 Software

6-5 Quick Reference for Jumper Functions 6-6 Moving Your Computer and Peripherals

6-7 Technical Information

...........................................

.............................

5.25” Disk Drives

3.5” Disk Drives

Preformat Partition Format

Software Turbo Switch

Hardware Turbo Switch

Alternate Use of Both Switches

Shadow RAM Enable EMS Driver Setup

Short Move

Long Move

Microprocessor

Protected Virtual Address Mode ..................

Real Address Mode System Timers System Interrupts

ROM Subsystem

RAM Subsystem

Direct Memory Access DMA Channel I/O Channel Slots Math Coprocessor Control

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9 9

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10 10

11 11

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.17

.18

.19

.20 .20

.21 .21

.23

.24

4 6

. 17

Chapter 7

GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

VII

Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

List of Figures

Figure 1-1: Quick Start Figure 1-2: System Configuration Figure 1-3: System Unit Case Figure 1-4: Front Panel Figure 1-5: Keylock and Two Security-Lock Keys Figure 1-6: ON/OFF Switch (l/O Switch) in OFF Position Figure 1-7: Rear Panel Figure 1-8: Connecting the Keyboard Cable Figure 1-9: System Power Cord Figure 1-1 0: Two Kinds of Display Connectors Figure 1-11: Voltage Switch

Figure 1-12: System Unit Connected to Peripherals Figure 1-1 3: Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives Figure 1-1 4: Copy Protection for 3.5” Floppy Disk Figure 1-1 5: Copy Protection for 5.25” Floppy Disk Figure 1-16: Keyboard

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Chapter 2 SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM

Figure 2-1: Motherboard Layout Figure 2-2: The Location of W9, 80386SX, and 80387SX Figure 2-3: Chip Insertion Figure 2-4: An Example of Three-Pin Jumper Setting Figure 2-5: RAM Banks & Jumpers for Bank Selection Figure 2-6: 512 KB Total Onboard System Memory Figure 2-7: 640 KB Total Onboard System Memory Figure 2-8: 1 MB Total Onboard System Memory Figure 2-9: 1.5MB Total Onboard System Memory Figure 2-10: 2MB Total Onboard System Memory (1) Figure 2-11: 2MB Total Onboard System Memory (2)

Figure 2-12: 3MB Total Onboard System Memory Figure 2-13: 4MB Total Onboard System Memory Figure 2-14: 5MB Total Onboard System Memory

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3 6 7

8 9

15 16 17 19 19

5 6

11 12 13 14 14 15 16

VIII

Figure 2-15: Installing ROM Figure 2-16 : Unpacking your Main System Figure 2-17: Connecting to a Power Supply

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Chapter 3 OPERATING YOUR SYSTEM

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.18 .19 .20

Figure 3-1: Initial Screen Figure 3-2: “Set Up System Configuration” Screen Figure 3-3: “Preformat Hard Disk” Screen Figure 3-4: Calculator Figure 3-5: “NEAT Chip Setup Configuration” Screen

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Chapter 4

KEYBOARD

Figure 4-1 : Keyboard Layout Figure 4-2: Function Keys Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad Figure 4-4: Indicator Lights Figure 4-5: Special Keys

Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys Figure 4-7: Cursor Keys Figure 4-8: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles

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Chapter 6 APPENDIX

Figure 6-1: Installing a 5.25” Disk Drive Figure 6-2: Screwing the 5.25” Disk Drives Figure 6-3: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive Figure 6-4: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card Figure 6-5: Connecting a Hard Disk Drive Figure 6-6: Connecting a Hard Disk to a FDC Card Figure 6-7: Cables for Disk Drives Figure 68: Installing a 3.5” Disk Drive Figure 6-9: Screwing a 3.5” Disk Drive Figure 6-10: 62-Pin Expansion Bus I/O Channels

Figure 6-11: 32-Pin Expansion Bus I/O Channels

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13 15 .16

.17

3 3 5 6 7 8

2 3 4 4

8 .23 .24

List of Tables

Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Table 1-1: Power Cord Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Table 1-2: Floppy Disk Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Chapter 2 SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM

Table 2-1: Math Coprocessor Jumper W9 Table 2-2: Settings of Jumper Wl-W6 Table 2-3: Total Onboard System Memory Size Table 2-4: Jumper Settings for Different Types of BIOS Table 2-5: Power Supply Pinouts

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Chapter 4 KEYBOARD

Table 4-1: Functions of Numeric Keypad Keys Table 4-2: Functions of Special Keys

Table 4-3: Functions of Special QWERTY Keys Table 4-4: Special Functions

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4 9 9

4 6

7 8

Chapter 6 APPENDIX

Table 6-1: Channel 0 Table 6-2: Channel 1 Table 6-3: Channel 2 Table 6-4: Interrupt-Level Assignments Table6-5: DMA Channels Table 6-6: I/O Hex Address

Table 6-7: DMA Channels 3 Through 0

Table 6-8: DMA Channels 7 Through 5

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21 22 22

What’s Inside

Here’s what you’ll find in this manual:

Chapter 1 —“System Overview”, gets you acquainted with the basic concepts of your system.

Chapter 2 —“Setting Up Your System”, shows you how to install or upgrade your system.

Chapter 3 —“Operating Your System”, shows you the basics of MS-DOS functions and the system setup program.

About This Manual

Chapter 4

and basic functions.

Chapter 5

procedures and provides directions for additional help.

Chapter 6

your system.

Chapter 7

— “Keyboard”, explains the keyboard’s features, layout

— “Troubleshooting”, covers a simple troubleshooting

—

“Appendix”, provides some technical specifications for

—

“Glossary”, explains some microcomputer terms.

XII

How to Use this

For

the advanced

If you are an experienced PC user and do not want to upgrade your system now and you want to start using the personal computer as soon as possible, refer to the Quick Start section at the beginning of chapter one.

Quick

hardware.

Manual

Start will

user

provide you all the information you need to set up the

For the

Chapter system. Chapter

beginner

gives you the basic information you need to use this

provides greater detail on the hardware and on how to upgrade your system. The system is quite simple to set up. However if you are unsure of yourself, find an experienced PC hand to help out.

XIII

System Overview

This chapter covers:

the basics of your system

the system’s features and specifications

n n

control panel features and connectors outside of the case

how to maintain your computer

If you are an experienced user who wants to get to work as soon as possible, the Quick

provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware.

If you want to upgrade your hardware later, read Chapter

LATION.

If you want to gain a more thorough understanding of your computer,

read the entire manual. Note: You may refer to the

puter terminology.

Start

section at the beginning of this chapter

INSTAL-

“Glossary” section

for definitions of com-

Chapter

System Overview

1-1

System

Introduction

This

manual

provide the information necessarytotailor needs.Ifyou up and running withaminimum hands-on experience by the following easy step-by-step instructions.Ifyou dable

powerofthis system.

Your system uses While maintaining complete compatibility

IBM

PC/AT themincapability and processing tains

the Also,awide of

peripherals.

will guide you through the

areanovice, you willbeable to have

are an

80286-type

highest performance and flexibility

advanced

an Intel

varietyofexpansion cards are available

user,

CorporationTM 80386SX

computers,

setup

the system

fuss.

You

will

you

will

appreciate the affor-

with

your computer

power.

The

for

of your

your computer

also gain

microprocessor.

software written

vastly exceeds

80386SX

the whole system.

computer

to fit

your

valuable

CPU

for your

choice

and

for

main-

Quality, your fordable price.

Operating System

Your details on this operating system, please refertothe

DOS User’s Guide

with

flexibility, and functionality are the

system. This system provides

computer

your

uses

system.

the

MS-DOS®operating system. For more

and

User’s Reference. This

key

optimum

design features of

performanceatan

Manual isincluded

af-

Microsoft®MS-

Chapter

Overview

1-2

Chapter

System Overview

Quick Start

If you are an experienced user anxious to

start

using your computer, observe the figure below to set up your personal computer. You will still want to use this

manual

later as a reference book.

Note: Save all packing materials in case you need to ship your

computer.

Figure

1-1:

Quick Start

1-3

Features

The

PPM-1630C

•

motherboard includes the following features:

Intel

80386SX-16

bit external data bus and a Intel

80387SX-16

Use of C&T’s Switchable between

microprocessor

24-bit

coprocessor optional

CS8221

PC/AT-compatible chip set.

8MHz

Normal mode and

— 32-bit

CPU with a

external address bus

16MHz

mode by either a software switch or a hardware switch

Onboard

battery backup for CMOS configuration table and

real-time clock

RAM subsystem of

3MB, 4MB

and

Eight expansion slots

512KB, 640KB, 1

5MB

—

Six

MB,

1.5MB, 2MB,

bit slots and two

bit slots Sixteen-level interrupt Seven-channel

64KB

legal

Datatech

Supports other

DMA

for disk and special

DTK

BIOS

(ADL

certified) developed by

Enterprises Co., Ltd.

BlOSes

such as Phoenix, Award, and

I/O

AMI

Four-layer mainboard

LIM 4.0

EMS support Shadow RAM support Choice of either

modules with

44256

1OOns

DIP or

256K/1M

SIMM DRAM

Page/Interleaved DRAM access method support Power fail detect circuit

Address pipeline support.

16-

Turbo

Chapter

System Overview

1-4

Chapter

System Overview

Specifications

•

CPU —

RAM

ROM

Expansion slots — Disk Drive(s) —

Power Supply Options

Intel

80386SX

—

RAM subsystem of

3MB, 4MB, 5MB

Cycle Time - 1OOns

— 64KB

legal BIOS

Floppy disk drive:

—

Hard disk drive:

— 200W

—

Math coprocessor

microprocessor,

512KB, 640KB, 1MB, 2MB,

optional

Six

16-bit two 8-bit

- 80387SX

3.5”

half high and

16MHz

and

5.25”

bay

5.25”

bay

1-5

Chapter

System Overview

Example of a System Configuration

The basic system is pictured below. You may choose peripherals and upgrades for the system as your needs require. is different from the one pictured, it should operate in the same basic manner.

Even if your system

Figure

1-2: System

Configuration

1-6 System Unit

The system unit may houses a mainboard, disk drives, a power

supply and other optional expansion cards.

Figure

1-3: System Unit

Case

Chapter

System Overview

1-7 Control Panel

Chapter

System Overview

The control panel provides several useful functions which are explained below. You are likely to use the front panel frequently, so let’s start there.

Figure 1-4:

Front

Panel

Reset Button

The reset button allows you to restart the system without turning the power off.

If you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software, you can always restart quickly from the RAM test stage by pressing the reset button. Note, however, that any data which have not been saved to disk will be lost.

Turbo Button

The Turbo button allows you to change the running speed of the

microprocessor to accommodate software requirements. Some

software applications must be run at a slow clock speed.

Indicator Lights

These lights indicate the operation status of your computer. The red

LED comes on when the hard disk is being accessed. The green LED

is lit when the power is on. The

yellow

LED comes on when Turbo

clock speed is activated.

Keylock

The

keylock

enables or disables the keyboard.

In the unlock mode the keyboard is activated. In the lock mode the keyboard is disabled to deny unauthorized users access to the computer.

Figure

1-5: Keylock

and Two

Security-Lock Keys

Chapter

System Overview

System Power Switch

Chapter

System Overview

The system power switch ON/OFF switch is located on the right side of the case toward the rear.

Figure 1-6: On/Off

Switch in Off Position

You should always be certain that the power is turned off before modifying the hardware configuration in any way.

1-8 Rear Panel

Chapter

7 :

System Overview

The rear panel has all the connections that lead from the system unit to external peripherals and the power source. Turn off all power

switches before

sure that cables/wires are attached to the external device first and connect to the outlet unit later. Turn the system unit power switch off before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet.

connecting or

disconnecting cables/wires! En-

Figure

1-7:

Rear Panel

Keyboard Connector

The keyboard supplied with your system may be plugged into sockets

in back of the case. The figure below shows how to plug the

keyboard cable into the

socket.

Chapter

Figure 1-8: Connecting the Keyboard Cable

System Overview

Power Cord Connector

System Overview

The power supply has two receptacles: one supplies power to a monitor; the other connects to the main power source.

Yet, if your monitor power plug does not fit the system unit’s monitor power outlet, you should plug it into a wall electrical outlet.

Figure

1-9:

System Power Cord

Chapter

Display Port

You will also need to connect your monitor to the system unit at a female video port in one of the expansion slots as shown on the previous page.

To attach the monitor cable

the video port, plug the cable into the

port and screw the cable connector down securely.

The system gives you a wide range of video options to meet your

needs. You have a wide choice of the following video standards.

- MGA

(Monochrome Graphics Adapter) also referred to as

Hercules

CGA (Color Graphics Adapter)

EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)

VGA (Video Graphics Adapter)

Refer to the figures below for mono and color display connectors.

Figure 1-10:

Two Kinds of Display

Connectors

Chapter

System Overview

Power Voltage Setting

The system unit can run on either figure below. The voltage setting switch is located above the monitor power outlet. Refer to Table

Figure

1-11:

When you are using the PC in American areas, switch the voltage selector switch to to

230V. Refer to the following table for the appropriate specification

of the power cord used.

Voltage Switch

115V

and if you are in European countries, switch

115V or 230V as

1-1

for power cord specifications.

indicated in the

Power Source

115V

230V

230V (U.S.A

Table

1-1:

only)

Power Cord

Cord Specification

listed;

rated

Appropriate approval listed in that specific country; three-conductor;

rated

rated 6A, 125V; <16ft.

Specifications

SVT/SJT

10A, 125V; <15ft. in

6A, 250V

listed;

SVT/SJT

Chapter

type; three-conductor

length

type;

three-conductor;

in length

System Overview

1-9 Other Peripherals

To connect other peripherals (printer, modem etc.) determine which

ports

are to be used by referring to your expansion card manuals or

peripheral manuals. You may consult your dealer for more

expansion cards available for your system. Typical peripherals are shown in Figure

1-11

below.

about the

Chapter

Figure 1-1 1: System

System Overview

Unit

Connected to Peripherals

1-10

Chapter

System Overview

Disk Drives

You can install two floppy disk drives and up to two hard disks in the system unit of either with

5.25” or 3.5”

sizes.

More information

about how to install disk drives may be found in Chapter

Figure 1-13:

Installing Floppy

and Hard

Disk

Drives

Floppy Disks

Chapter

System Overview

With a

floppy disk drive you can format and use double-sided (or

single-sided) double-density (or high-density) floppy disks.

One

double-sided double-density

360KB of

store up to up to to

1.44MB of

data. One double-sided high-density

1.2MB of

720KB of

data. One standard

data. One high-density

data.

Quality

Double Density

Table

1-2: Floppy

(DD, DS,

High Density

RH)

(DH)

Disk Specifications

Tracks

5.25”

Per

48 TPI

TPI

floppy disk can store up to

5.25”

3.5”

floppy disk can store

3.5”

floppy disk can store up

floppy disk can

Capacity

Inch

5.25"

360

1.2

MB 1.44 MB

3.5"

720

Note:

Only high-density floppy disks can be formatted to high

•

capacities of either

1.2M

for

5.25” or 1.44M

for

3.5”

disks. You may lose data if you use a low-density floppy disk formatted for high density.

floppy

You can’t use a high-density disk in a low-density disk drive.

•

Copy

Chapter

System Overview

Protection

A tab on the

3.5”

diskette is used for protection of data. This is a mechanical method of protecting the disk from additions, deletions and alterations of existing data.

The figure below shows a diskette with the write protect tab. To enable write protection, slide the tab toward the outermost position so that you can see through the write protect hole. To disable write protection, slide the tab in the opposite direction so that the hole is covered. Note that

write

protection does not prevent loss of data

from accidents such as coffee spills, fires and nuclear holocausts.

Copy

Unprotected

Protected

Figure 1-14: Copy

Protection for

3.5”

Floppy Disk

Figure

15:

Copy

Protection

for

5.25”

Floppy

Disk

Hard Disks Your system is a

very

powerful and versatile machine. To make full

use of all its capabilities, it is best to use a hard disk. A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at your fingertips.

Moreover, your system gives you a wide high hard disk(s) of

3.5” or 5.25” to

range of half-high or

meet

your needs.

full-

Chapter

System Overview

1-11

Keyboard

Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric

keypad. The figure below shows a typical keyboard. Refer to Chap-

ter

for a more detailed description

the keyboard.

Figure

1-16:

Keyboard

Chapter

System Overview

1-12

Maintaining Your Equipment

Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this

manual

and on these products!

•

Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and

monitor case. Do not use detergents!

•

Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away

from direct sunlight, moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares.

•

Do not submit your equipment to harsh jarring.

•

Ensure that all ventilation outlets are always free from

obstruction.

•

In the event of mechanical/power failure or damage, do not attempt to repair the system unit, monitor/s, cables/wires. Refer all such problems to experienced service personnel.

•

Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least

from anything that might obstruct the ventilation outlets and

cause overheating.

•

Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly. This product is equipped with a plug will only fit into a grounded power outlet.

•

It is recommended not to service this product yourself, as opening and removing covers exposes dangerous voltage areas and other risks. Refer all servicing to service persons.

3-wire

3”

away

grounding-type plug. This

Chapter

System Overview

Chapter 2

Setting Up

Your System

Setting Up Your System

In this chapter you will learn about:

how to assemble a knocked-down system

how to upgrade your system

Setting up a system is easy and takes only a short time. has set up your system for you, you can skip this chapter. With the system set up you are now ready to load your application software and begin work. This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to know right away.

You may also skip this chapter unless you want to add to or alter your system unit hardware yourself. or technician upgrade your system power is off before modifying the hardware configuration!

It is recommended to have your dealer

you are a novice.

If your dealer

Ensure that the

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

2-1 Motherboard

The motherboard contains an

80387SX

math coprocessor socket, BIOS chips and expansion slots.

Intel® 80386SX-16

processor, a

These parts of your system that you can see and touch are called hardware. Below is an illustration of the board layout.

Figure

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

2-1:

Motherboard

Layout

80386SX

The

16MHz.

tial leap in processing power and capability over the used in AT-type microcomputers. The

memory support and will execute the new future.. The

speed to the

Virtual machines can create discrete, non-interfering operating en-

vironments for application programs, giving each application its own

working environment. Virtual machines can be created within the

extended memory by using appropriate control software.

Your system is switchable between

compatibility and can be activated with either a hardware or software

switch. For software that fails to operate at Turbo mode you may

switch to the Normal speed.

CPU

PPM-1630C

The

• Concurrent

• Hardware-based

• Superior

• Virtual

uses an Intel

80386SX

80386SX-16

80286,

extended-memory support; and

machines

80386SX-16

has a number of features

80386SX

CPU is vastly superior in capabilities and

and can handle:

processing

multitasking

and

microprocessor running at

that

enable a substan-

80286

has superior extended

32-bit

16MHz to

programs of the

ensure software

standard

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Math Coprocessor

If you process numeric data, a math coprocessor will make your work more efficient.

An optional to accelerate processing of calculation-intensive applications. Jumper

W9 is

Remember that you must make sure the dotted end of the chip is lined

up with the notched end of the socket. Refer to the illustrations below

and on the next page to install the Intel

Refer to table page

80387SX-16

used to enable or disable the

2-1

below for jumper

for

the

80386SX,

coprocessor can be installed in socket

and the

Jumper W9

80387SX

80387SX-16.

W9,

80387SX.

80387SX

U42

math coprocessor.

and figure 2-2 on the next

Enable

Disable

Table

2- 1: Math

Coprocessor Jumper

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Figure 2-2 :

The

Location of

W9, 80386SX,

and

80387SX

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Chip Insertion

Remember that when inserting chips, you must make sure that the notched or the dotted end of the chip is lined up with the notched end the socket. Gently push the chip into the socket, and be careful not to bend the pins.

Notch

Figure 2-3: Chip Insertion

Chapter 2:

Setting Up

Your System

Jumper

Chapter

Setting Up Your System

A jumper is a kind of switch which

interior to connect (short) two pins. If a jumper needs to be left open, you should save the cap for future use by covering only one pin of a jumper. This has no effect on the function of the board while it keeps the cap handy. The illustration below shows the side and top views of

a three-pin jumper in which pins

uses

two and

a plastic cap with a metal

three are shorted.

Side View

— Jumper Cap

— Jumper

Figure 2-4: An Example of Three-Pin

Top View

Jumper Setting

Onboard

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Jumpers

System Memory Size

W1- W6

are used to set the RAM size you want on the

mainboard. The DIP and SIMM DRAM banks can contain from

640KB, 1MB, 1.5MB, 2MB, 3MB, 4MB

jumpers

W1 - W6

W1 - W6.

and the RAM

Refer to

banks.

Figure

2-5 below for the location of jumpers

5MB by

means of setting

512KB,

Figure 2-5: RAM Banks

& Jumpers for

Bank Selection

The following shows the configuration for total

Chapter 2:

memory.

onboard

system

Description

Using one bank or two banks (banks

either DIP or SIMM DRAMS as

Using three or four banks of DIP (banks

SIMM (banks

Table 2-2:

Before setting up

2, 3) DRAMS as onboard

Settings of

RAM

onboard

Jumper

configuration in BIOS, you must refer to the

0 & 1)

memory

0, 1)

memory

W1-W6

with

and

W1 - W6

Settings

following table to set the wait state and the page-interleave mode.

Particularly, you cannot set both

wait state and disabled

page-

interleave mode in Turbo mode; otherwise your system cannot

operate normally, even cannot display the screen. In order to set

both modes normally, you should switch the button from Turbo mode

to Normal mode.

RAM

access

Table 2-3

time is 1OOns.

Total

Onboard

System Memory Size.

Setting Up Your System

Bank

0 = 41256 RAM

Module x

pieces

or Bank

You may use either bank as bank

Figure

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

2-6: 512KB Total Onboard System Memory

0 =

(44256

X 4 + 41256 X

Jumpers

W1 - W6

Bank

0 = 41256

Bank

1 = 4164

RAM Module x

pieces

or Bank

0 =

(44256 X

4 + 41256 X

You may use either bank as bank

Figure 2-7:

640 KB

Total

Onboard

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

System Memory

Bank

0 = 41256 RAM

or Bank

(44256 X 4 + 41256 X

Module x

Pieces

Bank

1 = 41256

Bank 1= (44256 X 4 +41256 X

RAM Module

x 2

pieces

Any bank

Figure 2-8: 1MB Total Onboard System

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Jumpers

W1 - W6

may be used with any bank

Memory

Bank

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Bank

0 =

2 = 41256

RAM Module x

pieces

Bank 1 = (44256 X 4 + 41256 X 2)

(44256 X

4 + 41256 X

Figure

2-9: 1.5 MB Total Onboard System

Memory

Bank 2- 41256 RAM Module x 2

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Bank 3-41256 RAM Module x 2 pieces

pieces

Bank0

- (44256 X 4 + 41256 X 2)

Figure

Bank O = 411000

2-10: 2MB Total Onboard System

RAM

Bank1 = (44256 X 4 + 41256 X 2)

Module x 2

pieces

Memory

Figure

2-11: 2MB Total Onboard System

Memory

Bank

0 =

2 = 411000

Bank 1 = (44256 X 4 + 41256 X 2)

(44256

RAM Module x

X 4 + 41256 X

pieces

Figure 2-12: 3MB Total Onboard System

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Memory

Bank

0 = 411000

Bank

1 = 411000

RAM Module x

pieces

Figure 2-13:

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

4MB Total Onboard System

Memory

Bank

2 = 411000

RAM Module x

Bank

Pieces

3 = 411000

RAM Module x

2 pieces

(44256 X 4 + 41256 X

Bank 0

Bank 1 = (44256 X 4 + 41256 X 2)

Figure 2-14: 5MB Total Onboard System

Memory

Chapter

Setting Up Your System

ROM BIOS Chips

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Jumper

W7 is

used to select the type of BIOS chips. BIOS stands for

Basic Input Output System. BIOS controls the real-time clock, disk drives and the computer’s peripheral equipment. Refer to the Figure 2-15 for the location of jumper

and BIOS chips.

For selection and

installation of the ROM BIOS chips, refer to the Table below and Figure on the next page

Type of

BIOS

DTK

or any other of

64KB

Other BIOS

32KB

Table 2-4

BIOS

size

Jumper

Type

ROM chip

27256 x 2

27128 x 2

Settings

ROM

Configuration

U39 -

High byte

U40 -

Low byte

U39 -

High byte

U40 -

Low byte

for Different Types of

Jumper W7

BIOS

Figure 2-15:

Chapter

Setting Up

Your

System

If you

your dealer for

Installing ROM

are not sure what BIOS chips you have, you may need to consult

the right chips.

2-2 Installation

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

The time may come when you want to upgrade your system. To do so, you may need to remove the cover of the unit. This is easily accomplished with the following tools: a small flat-blade screwdriver and a small Phillips screwdriver.

Be sure that the power to the system is switched OFF before you open the case. Your computer interior is as below:

Figure

2-16:

Unpacking Your Main System

2-3 Connection to Power

If your power supply has not been attached to your motherboard, you may need to attach the power supply cable to the mainboard at connector

J9,

which is beside the power on the motherboard. You should connect the

J9.

you may also need to attach the four-pin connectors to hard disks.

Be sure the four black wires of the power supply cables are located at

the middle of the power connectors. Refer to the figure below. Pin

is numbered in the picture for your convenience.

Four Black Wires are in the Middle

Supply

six-pin connectors to the power supply connector

Power

Supply

Mainboard

Figure

Power

2-17: Connecting to a Power

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System

Supply Connector

Supply

The pinouts for the connectors

Table

2-5: Power

Supply

Pinouts

at J9 are es

follows:

22 Chapter 2:

Setting Up

Your System

Chapter 3

Operating

Your System

Operating Your System

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

In this chapter you will learn:

a few MS-DOS functions

the basics of the system setup program

The software that your system will use falls into two categories.

there is the operating system, the language that tells the system what to do. The operating system in this computer uses is Microsoft

Corporation’s MS-DOS, the world’s most widely used operating sys-

tem

for

PC/XT/ATs.

Next, there is the application software what you use for work and play. Finding application software is a simple matter of going to your nearest PC store.

Note:

This is not an MS-DOS manual. It mentions only a few of the DOS

functions available. To learn more about DOS, refer to your MS-DOS

User’s Guide

and

Reference

manual

included with your system.

First

3-1 An

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Introduction to DOS

DOS stands for Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral components. DOS makes it easy for you to use applications and create and manage files on your computer. DOS also lets you use devices

with the computer.

Loading DOS

Loading DOS means to copy all the DOS programs into the computer’s electronic memory. You should follow the instructions below to start

DOS.

Starting DOS

•

when

Insert DOS disk

the computer is off:

into disk drive

Turn on the computer and respond

and close the drive lever.

the prompts displayed

on the monitor.

Starting DOS

when

the computer is on:

If you don’t have a DOS disk in your disk drive when you start your computer, you will see the following message on the screen following the RAM test:

Non-system Replace

disk or disk error

and strike

any key

when ready

Then, you should:

Insert DOS disk

•

Press the reset button on your front panel (hardware reset)

•

or hold down the

into disk drive A and close the drive lever.

and

<Del>

keys at the same

time (software reset) to reboot your system.

Starting DOS from your hard disk:

If you have a hard disk, install DOS on the disk. Your PC will boot automatically whenever you turn on the power.

System Messages

Refer to

your MS-DOS User’s Guide and Reference

manual

for infor-

mation on system messages.

3-2 DOS Operations

Chapter 3: Operating

Your

System

Following is a brief explanation of a few DOS functions.

If you want a

detailed explanation of all the DOS commands, refer to your DOS user

manual.

Starting MS-DOS

If you are using a hard disk with DOS already installed, the computer

will ‘boot” or start itself.

If you are using a floppy disk drive, insert the DOS system disk in drive “A” and switch on your computer. You will see a message similar to

the following:

Current date is Enter new date

Fri

(MM-DD-YY):

01-01-1990

For the new date, key in the month, day and year, separated by

hyphens. Press

<Enter>.

Time is displayed and corrected as follows:

Current time is Enter new time:

0 : 02 : 15.00

2:20

Your computer is now booted and ready to run application programs.

Formatting Disk

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

You must format a floppy disk before it can be used.

Formatting high-density disk:

To format a high-density disk, type the following at the drive prompt:

C>Format

<Enter>

After your disk has been formatted, you will see the following prompt:

Press

Format

<N> if

another diskette (Y/N)?

you do have nothing else to be formatted.

Formatting a low-density disk:

To format a low-density disk, type the following at the drive prompt:

C>Format A:/4

<Enter>

After your disk has been formatted, you will see the following prompt:

Press

Format

<N> if

another diskette (Y/N)?

you have nothing else to be formatted.

Backing up your Diskettes and Files

In order not to lose your files through disk damage or accidental deletion it is important to back up all your files and diskettes regularly.

Backing up a

At the

diskette on a

two-floppy disk

prompt type the following:

A> diskcopy a: b:

drive

system:

Press <Enter> and respond to the prompts on your screen.

Backing

up a diskette on a

single floppy disk

drive

system:

At the A> prompt type the following:

A> diskcopy

Press

<Enter>

and respond to the prompts on your screen.

After your target disk has been copied, you will see the following

prompt:

Copy another diskette (Y/N)?

Press

<N> if

Backing

you have nothing else to be copied.

up a

file:

To back up a single file, key in the backup command and directory as

below:

A>backup <path>

<drive>/A

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Deleting your Diskettes and Files

You

may

other

want to

data.

erase diskettes or unnecessary

files to make

room

for

Erasing a diskette:

To erase a whole directory of files, type the following at the drive prompt:

A>del *.*

<Enter>

All the files in the open directory are now erased.

Deleting a file:

To delete a single file, type the following at the drive prompt:

A>del filename.ext

<Enter>

6 Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Finding Out What is on Your Disk

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

If you want to by using the

find

out what files are on a disk, you can list its directory

<DIR>

command.If

you want to display the directory of

the disk in drive A, you would use the following command:

DIR A:

After you

hit

the enter key, all the file information will display on the

screen. If you use the

<DIR>

command without a drive letter, MS-DOS lists the

directory of the disk which was most recently accessed. There are three ways to stop the screen from scrolling.

•

pressing the

•

pressing <Pause>

•

typing DIR/P to see one screen each time

<Ctrl>

and the

<S>

keys simultaneous

3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format

System

hard disk must be formatted before it can be read from or written to.

If your hard disk requires this, you should carry out the following steps:

Step

1 —

Preformat

The preformat utility is supplied by the system BIOS. You can press

<ESC>

Choosing item

Figure

Step

This process creates DOS partitioning on a

drive. The DOS command

key quickly just after the RAM test to enter the SETUP program.

from the initial screen to preformat hard disk. See

3-l.

2 —

Partition

preformatted

‘FDISK”

handles this partitioning process.

Insert your DOS diskette in drive A and type a: to get A prompt. Then

type:

A> FDISK < 8 >

The

“FDISK”

your hard disk for MS-DOS.

•

command displays a serial of menus to help you partition

With

the

create a

“FDISK”

primary partition,

command, you can:

create an extended partition, change the active partition,

delete an

display partition

partition,

data, and

hard disk

If your hard disk is size.

For more information about how to use creating DOS partition, see

Appendix D in MS-DOS User’s Guide and Reference.

Chapter 3: Operating Your

select the next fixed disk drive for partitioning on with multiple fixed disks.

33MB is

40MB,

the maximum space for a partition allowed by DOS.

you may have partitions of up to

system

33MB

Step

3 —

Format

The DOS command “Format” verifies the media and moves the system file onto the hard disk drive. The command should be keyed in as:

FORMAT

C:/S

If you have two partitions, you have to format D in DOS prompt. The command should be keyed in as:

A> FORMAT

If you want to use the partition specify the

option when formatting the disk. You can use this

(drive C) to start DOS, you have to

system disk to boot your system later. Note that you don’t need to perform this procedure if you want to use

new partitions for other operating systems like

Xenix,

Novell or Unix.

Refer to their manuals for details.

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

3-4 Helpful Hints

The following may save you some time or help you as you use your

computer.

•

Make copies of your diskettes regularly.

•

To make sure that a command works, you should:

Check your typing (make sure you don’t confuse \ with

Have the correct diskette in the drive.

Check the contents of the diskette with the DIR com-

mand.

Specify the correct diskette drive.

Remember to include the colon (:) when specifying the

name of a drive.

Spell the filename correctly.

Use the appropriate extension. (such as

•

Refer to the DOS Reference for additional information if a

*.DOC or *.EXE)

command still doesn’t work.

•

Print contents of a disk (if you have a printer) and keep the list with the diskette.

•

All commands (except

DISKCOPY

and

DISKCOMP)

files that will work on both diskettes and hard disk drives.

•

The date and time shown with each directory entry are the

date and time of the last addition or change

that file. date and time are not changed during a COPY or a

KCOPY.

/).

are

The

DIS-

10 Chapter 3: Operating Your System

3-5

System Setup Program

system setup program is included in your BIOS on the motherboard. The setup program is used to key in the configuration you want for your system. Specifically, you can set the date, time, base memory, expan-

sion memory, number of floppy and hard disk drives and display configuration as well as get information on hard disk types.

Your system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS. In addition, many

special functions are supported like:

•

a low-level fixed disk format utility

•

three system utilities (a calculator, a hard disk park, and a timer)

•

system password

•

user-defined hard disk types

•

Neat chip set

The setup program is simple to be used. It is extremely important that you respond correctly to the prompts about your computer.

The following will guide you through the setup program. For more

information about the setup program, refer to your BIOS manual.

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Entering the Setup Program

There are two ways to enter the setup program: by pressing

by pressing

Pressing

<ESC>.

<F1> to

Enter

the Setup Program

<F1>

You will need to press

<F1>, to

enter the setup program in the following

situations:

•

when your computer is turned on for the first time

•

when the rechargeable battery is dead

•

when the hardware configuration is changed

If the battery for CMOS chip is dead or the system configuration does not match your actual hardware configuration, you will have to reconfigure your system. The computer will give you this screen message:

Press the press any other key to continue

Under the above three conditions, pressing

key to enter the setup program or

<F7>

will automatically

start the setup program. Under any conditions within DOS, you can use the DOS DEBUG

command as follows:

DEBUG

-g=FOOO:FF60 8

This command will start the setup program.

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Pressing

<ESC> to

Enter the Setup Program

If you want to set up special functions provided by BIOS or reconfigure your system, you will need to enter the setup program. After starting your computer, press the

finishes.

If you miss the chance to do so, reset your system and repeat

<Esc>

key quickly before the RAM test

the above procedures to enter the setup program. Before the setup program appears, the following message will appear on the screen:

SETUP utility

will be starting

When the system self test is completed, the setup program will take

over. Once you have entered the setup program, you will see the following

initial screen:

(C)

ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION

DATATECH ENTERPRISES

1. SETUP SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

2. PREFORMAT

SET UP BUILT-IN UTILITY.

SET UP PASSWORD.

SET UP

SET UP NEAT

QUIT

HARD

DISK.

USER-DEFINED

CHIP SET.

SETUP PROGRAM.

2.0

HARD

DISK TYPE.

CO.,

LTD 1990.

Figure

CHOOSE

ITEM

3-1: Initial

NUMBER :

Screen

[1]

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Running the Setup Program

System

The

menu of the setup program highlights the selected command. You can use Pressing

screen.If

the

up < # > and down < $ > arrows to select

the

enter key

confirms

your

selection or

the desired

enters the

the option on the screen does not match your configuration,

item.

you have two ways to make modifications. You may either highlight

enter

selections and press and right

< " >

arrows

to show

the command or

different options and select

use

the

left

< ! >

from

them.

If you want to exit a current screen, you may press the exit item of the screen.

The following are some

examples of

setup program screens you will

see in using the program.

<Esc>

or select

14 Chapter 3: Operating Your

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Setting Up System

If you choose item

Configuration

from the screen on the previous page to configure

your system, the following will appear:

(C)

Figure

ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION

DATATECH

ALL

SET UP

SYSTEM

1. CURRENT DATE : {04-26-1990}

2. CURRENT TIME [ 05:30:00 ]

COPROCESSOR : [ 1 ]

4. BASE

EXTENDED MEMORY

DISKETTE DRIVE A : [ 1.2 M ] DISKETTE DRIVE B : [ NO ]

7. FIXED DISK TYPE C: [ 40 / MFM ]

FIXED DISK

PRIMARY

EXIT

CHOOSE ITEM NUMBER :

..........................................................

:CHANGE

3-2:

“Set Up System

ENTERPRISES CO.,

RIGHTS

CONFIGURATION

MEMORY

TYPE D

DISPLAY

ITEM

RESERVED.

: [ 640 KB ]

: [ 1280 KB ]

:MODIFY

2.0 LTD 1990.

: [ NO /

CARD

NONE

: [ MGA ]

[l]

:ACCEPT

Configuration”

]

Screen

Once you have entered all appropriate information and exited by choosing item

you will be asked to confirm that the configuration

data are correct. If at a later date you alter the configuration of your system, you will

need to go through the program again and make the appropriate changes.

2. Preformatting

Hard

Disk

If you want to preformat your hard disks, reenter the setup program by pressing

<Esc>,

and select item

2 on

the initial screen. The program

will then proceed as below:

Figure 3-3:

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

“Preformat Hard

Disk” Screen

Setting Up

Built-in Utilities

Three system utilities, a calculator, a hard disk park, and a timer, are

in your system BIOS. These utilities are enabled by the setup pro-

gram. Note that these utilities can be used in the

80-column

text

display mode only. The calculator and the hard disk park can be used if you press

<Alt>,

utilities.

and

<5>

(on the key pad). Pressing

<Esc>

The following is the figure for the calculator.

<Ctrl>,

will exit these

Figure

3-4:

Calculator

Chapter 3: Operating Your System 17

Setting Up Password

Selecting item system password. A password can deny unauthorized users access

to the computer. You can key in a password with a maximum of seven

alphanumeric units. You may press

Setting Up User-Defined Hard

If none of the drive types tions you have, select item

hard disk type.

6. Setting Up

Choose item The screen will show as below:

4 in

the initial setup menu will lead you to set up a

<F1> to

NEAT Chip Set

6 in

see the present password status.

Disk

Type

(1-47)

the setup menu to select a chip set configuration.

match the fixed disk drive specifica-

5 in

the setup menu to set a user-defined

Figure 3-5: “NEAT Chip Setup

Chapter 3: Operating Your System

Configuration”

Screen

Chapter 4

Keyboard

In this chapter you will learn:

the basics of your keyboard and its functions

how to adjust your keyboard angle

Keyboard

A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer.

has:

•

QWERTY keys

•

Function keys

•

Cursor control keys

•

numeric keypad

• Special

•

Keyboard indicator lights

keys

Chapter

Keyboard

4-1

Chapter

Keyboard

Keyboard Layout

Currently several of keyboard styles are available for PC/AT/XT compatible computers. The most popular are the PC keyboard, the PC/AT keyboard, and the enhanced keyboard. Figure

the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard.

4-1

below illustrates

Figure

4-1:

Keyboard Layout

4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard

Chapter 4:

Before you begin using your computer, you should become familiar

with some keyboard functions. Your keyboard is divided into six

sections. Refer to the previous page for the layout. The following

gives an explanation of these keys.

Function Keys

These are located on the left or at the top of the keyboard.

keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use.

They are used independently or in combination with other keys.

Function

Figure

4-2: Function Keys

Numeric Keypad

This is located on the right of the keyboard. At the center of the keypad

are nine numeric keys. These keys are used to move the cursor as well as to enter numbers when either the Caps Lock key or Num Lock key is pressed. Refer to the figure below:

Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad

Keyboard

Keys

Function

Turns on and off the numeric mode on the numeric keypad

Used

for

division operations.

Used

for

multiplication operations.

Used

for

subtraction operations.

Activating Home returns cursor to the beginning of the line it is on.

Activating Otherwise the up cursor key is active.

Activating

Otherwise page up is active.

Used

Activating Otherwise the cursor key is activated.

Activating

Activating Otherwise the cursor key is activated.

Activating end moves the cursor to the end of the line it is on.

Activating Otherwise the cursor key is activated.

Activating Otherwise page down is activated.

Activating functions to insert characters at the position of the cursor.

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

for

addition operations.

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

Num

Lock makes

operative.

operative. Otherwise

operative.

operative. Otherwise the

key

Chapter

Table 4-1:

Keyboard

Used

for

where the cursor IS positioned.

Enters commands or inserts invisible paragraph

decimal points. Otherwise it deletes characters

Function of

Numeric Keypad Keys

characters

Mode Indicator Lights

Chapter

Keyboard

In addition to the character, number and control keys, every keyboard has three lights that indicate the typing mode. These lights and their functions are explained as follows:

Figure 4-4: Indicator Lights

Caps Lock

When this light is on, characters are in uppercase mode.

Num

Lock

When this light is off, the cursor-control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated.

Scroll Lock

When this light is on, text can be scrolled without moving the cursor.

Special Keys

Chapter

Keyboard

Below are some special keys on your keyboard.

Figure

4-5:

Special Keys

Check out the above key functions in the table

Keys

Pressing this key together with the shift key will print all data on the screen.

With Scroll Lock activated, you can move in line units.

Pressing this key halts the current operation; pressing it

again allows the operation to continue.

Moves the cursor for corrections, but the line is not deleted from memory.

Skips

new line.

Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words.

Used with another key to execute

Function

below and in Table

text

vertically

command.

Table 4-2:

Functions of

Special Keys

QWERTY

Chapter

Keyboard

Keys

These are the same keys which are used on a typewriter.

Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys

Function

Table 4-3:

Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter.

Changes lowercase letters to capitals.

Moves cursor back

Pressing this key activates uppercase letters; pressing it again activates lowercase letters.

Functions of

Special QWERTY Keys

one

space

and

erases characters.

Cursor Keys

Chapter:

Keyboard

These keys move the cursor in the indicated direction.

Figure

Key

4-7:

Cursor

Combinations

Keys

The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simultaneously.

Table 4-4: Special

Functions

4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment

Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled

out or pushed in to change the keyboard angle to suit you.

Figure

4-8: Adjustment of

Keyboard

Angles

Chapter

Keyboard

Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

In this chapter you will learn about:

the basics of how to solve software/hardware problems

when to get technical help for your computer

Your computer has been designed to last for years of optimum perfor-

mance. But if some problems do occur, more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter.

No matter whether you are a new or experienced user, you should become familiar with the material in this chapter. For detailed explana-

tions of computer problems and how to solve them, you are urged to

buy personal computer troubleshooting books from your nearest hardware or software dealer.

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

5-1

Command Problems

Often

what

appears

to be a

big problem is in fact

just a

matter oversight. Before taking your computer to the shop for major surgery, check the following items.

Make sure that all devices (computer and peripherals) have power and are turned on.

If you encounter a problem while you are working, stop what you are doing immediately.

On paper, make notes of what is happening. List the

actions you have taken and the responses from the computer. You may want to print using the <Shift>

Use the diagnostic software on your computer. Try to

+ <PrtSc>

copy of the screen by

keys combination.

find out the conditions under which the malfunction oc-

curs. Try also to isolate where the problem is occurring. Is it with a certain software program or with your hardware? If the problem is with software, you should probably talk to your software dealer. If the problem is with the hardware, try to narrow down the source of the problem. Is it your disks or disk drives? Keyboard?

Printer? Screen?

of a

small

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

If some messages appear on the screen, refer to your MS-DOS

manual

for an explanation of the message. You

may want to write down the message or print it out with

the <Shift>

+ <PrtSc>

key combination. Problems (except blackouts) can be avoided if you run your system on a dedicated electrical line. That is, ensure that your computer and peripheral electric cords are not shared by other appliances such as a refrigerator or air conditioner.

Also, it is highly advisable to purchase a surge suppres-

sor. This is a set of electric sockets enclosed in a single housing. A surge suppressor prevents sudden pulses of high electric power (spikes) from damaging the computer. This appliance is inexpensive and can be purchased at any computer or electronic hardware store.

Are you using a startup disk?

Is your disk formatted? Is the system configuration correct?

Are all the external and internal connectors are con-

nected well?

Make sure that you are running software compatible with

your display port, because some software programs can

only run on the Is the power fuse burned out?

MGA

display mode.

If you have gone through the above checklist and your system still does not function properly, check the following pages.

The

following instructions will help you solve some common problems. However, you should be aware that other problems might stem from system software, applications or other peripherals,

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting 3

5-2 System Error Messages

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

Basically there are three levels of system error messages that you might see displayed on your computer. These are related to the

software you use. The following are the ones most commonly en-

countered.

Software

error

messages

•

Software lockup; the application becomes stuck and the

are a result of:

cursor will not move. When this happens, remove your ap-

plication program from the disk drive (unless a hard disk is used) and reboot your computer.

If the problem persists,

contact your nearest software dealer.

•

Software crash; the application suddenly displays garbled

text on the monitor or the cursor locks up. Try to reboot the

computer. If the problem persists, you will need to contact

the software dealer from whom you purchased the package.

He/she should replace the package, depending on the ser-

vice contract, or have it repaired.

Hardware

error

messages:

These messages are related to the computer’s internal components,

your monitor, mouse, or printer. Hardware problems are usually ones that the user cannot solve alone. Professional services are therefore

required.

Error

messages

generated by MS-DOS,

BASIC or

other

high-level applications:

These messages relate to problems due to incorrect use or malfunction of a high-level application under which you might run your

software. It is still advisable to contact your software dealer for assistance with such problems.

Consult your dealer if you have any questions about troubleshooting.

Examples of System Error Messages

System crash

The cursor cannot be moved and does not respond to the keyboard. This could indicate a software crash. Mark where you are in your document. Reboot your system and reload your software. Scroll the cursor to where you last saved your data. Retype the information up to where the cursor could not be moved. Enter the rest of the data. If the cursor continues to function normally, the problem was probably caused by again, go over the same procedure.

accidently

pressing the wrong key. If the problem occurs

If the problem persists, contact

your software dealer.

System does

not boot

This can be caused by defective hardware or a faulty system disk. Turn off your computer and try again. If unsuccessful, try using your

backup system disk because your working disk may be damaged. If

the problem persists, you might have a hardware problem. You should

contact the dealer from whom you purchased your computer.

Monitor displays

garbled,

unrecognizable characters on

the

screen

This usually indicates the monitor is set to an incorrect baud rate. Ask your computer dealer the correct baud rate for the computer’s output

board. Locate the baud rate switches on your monitor and reset the baud rate.

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

5-3 System BIOS Error Messages

ROM

BIOS

8254

8237

74612

8259

8742

Checksum

—

Indicates an invalid ROM BIOS failure.

Error

—

Indicates

Error

—

Indicates

Error

—

Indicates a

Error

—

Indicates a

Error

—

Indicates a

Error

a 8254

a 8237 DMA

timer controller failure.

74612

8259

interrupt controller failure.

8742

controller failure.

page register failure.

Check

RTC Checksum

Refresh

Base 64K Memory

FDC

FDD

Battery

Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or

—

power loss.

Error

Indicates that the system memory refresh function does

—

not work.

lndicator Error

—

Indicates that the system memory refresh does not work.

—

Indicates that the system’s first

work.

Error

User Check

—

Indicates that the floppy diskette controller does not work.

Seek

Failure

—

Indicates a failure of the floppy diskette drive “seek

operation.

Error

64K

memory does not

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

Keyboard Error

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

—

Indicates the disconnection of the keyboard from the sys-

tem or a keyboard device failure.

User Check

Parity Error but

—

Indicates that the

error.

System

Display

Memory

—

Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS

as well as

Card Mismatch, Run

—

Indicates a mismatch of a record typed in the CMOS RAM as well as program.

Segment

Mismatch, Run

not

NMI

onboard.

Found, Press

You need to run the setup program.

SETUP

any Key to Continue

circuit has detected a RAM parity

SETUP

RAM

You need to run the setup

Chapter 6

Appendix

This chapter provides:

technical information

jumper settings in your system

information on moving your computer

This

manual is

provides some technical information about your system, but if you

need more, check out a technical library or bookstore. You will find

technical reference books in most bookstores.

not a technical reference manual. This chapter

Chapter 6:

6-1

Disk

Drives

Two

5.25”

floppy/hard disk drives and two maybeinstalledinthe system essentially

the

sameasthat

unit.

forafloppy

3.5”

floppy/hard disk drives

Installation

disk.

of a

hard disk

You may at

sometime wanttoaddtoor exchange

disk drives. Follow the instructions below Be

certain to refer to the manuals controller card that may

5.25”

Disk Drives

install or remove

•

Open the system unit caseasdescribed on

•

Screw the metal guidestothe disk driveasshown below:

be of

for

any additional specific information regarding

importance.

5.25”

disk drives, follow the step below:

for

your

floppyorhard

to do so.

both the disk drive and the

them

Figure

2-16.

Chapter6:Appendix

Figure 6-1: Installing a 5.25”

•

Slide

the

disk drive, back end

Disk

Drive

first, into

the disk drive

bay.

Epson Apex 386SX-16 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Introduction

Operating System

Quick Start

Features

Specifications

Example of a System Configuration

Reset Button

Turbo Button

Indicator Lights

Keylock

System Power Switch

Rear Panel

Keyboard Connector

Power Cord Connector

Display Port

Power Voltage Setting

Disk Drives

Keyboard

Maintaining Your Equipment

Motherboard

CPU

Math Coprocessor

Chip Insertion

Jumper

ROM BIOS Chips

Loading DOS

System Messages

Starting MS-DOS

Formatting Disk

Backing up your Diskettes and Files

Deleting your Diskettes and Files

Finding Out What is on Your Disk

System Setup Program

Entering the Setup Program

Running the Setup Program

Keyboard Layout

Function Keys

Numeric Keypad

Mode Indicator Lights

Special Keys

Cursor Keys

Command Problems

Examples of System Error Messages

Disk Drives