KEEN-3336/4030
Personal Computer
User’s Manual
Edition 1.1
The following does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent
with local law:
We make no warranties with respect to this documentation either express or implied
and provide it "as is". This includes but is not limited to any implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The information in this document
is subject to change without notice. We assume no responsibility for any errors that
may appear in this document.
IBM PC, IBM PC/XT and IBM PC/AT are registered trademarks of International
Business Machines Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft
Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation.
All other brand names are registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Documentation design and writing by: Hazel Chen, Nena Tsai, Patty Lee, and Alan
Patterson.
© 1992 Datatech Enterprises Co., Ltd.
i
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
Radio Frequency Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and it not installed and used
in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communica-
tions.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Any special accessories needed for compliance must be specified in the instruction manual.
Warning: A shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and
also to prevent interference to nearby radii and t&vision reception. It is essential that only
the attached power cord be used.
Use only shielded cables to connect I/O devices to this computer.
You am cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void your authority to operate the equipment.
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from
digital apparautus as set out in the radii interference regulations of the Canadian
Department of Communication.
Le Présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites
applicables aux apparels numériques de Class B preescrites dans le réglement sur le
brouillage radiélectrique édicté parte Ministére des Communications du Canada.
ii
Warning
• Your warranty be voided if you open your system unit case
up to reconfigure the system.
• If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time, ensure that
the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware settings, such as DIP switches or jumpers.
III
What’s Inside
iv
Here’s what you’ll find in this manual:
About This Manual
Chapter 1—
concepts of your system.
Chapter 2 —
upgrade your system.
Chapter 3 —
MS-DOS functions and the BIOS setup program.
Chapter 4 —
and basic functions.
Chapter 5 —
cedures and provides directions for additional help.
Chapter 6 —
your system and shows you how to install disk drives.
Chapter 7 —
“System Overview”, gets you acquainted with the basic
"Setting Up Your System”,
shows you how to set up or
‘Operating Your System: shows you
"Keyboard”, explains the keyboards features, layout
“Troubleshooting”, covers simple troubleshooting pro-
“Appendix”,
"Glossary": explains some microcomputer terms.
provides some technical specifications for
the basics of the
How to use this manual
For the advanced user
If you are an experienced PC user and do not want to upgrade your
system now and you want to start using your personal computer as
quickly as possible, refer to the Quick Start section at the beginning
of chapter one.
Quick Start
hardware.
will provide you all the information you need to set up the
For the beginner
Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this
system. Chapter 2 provides greater detail on the hardware and on
how to upgrade your system. Your system is quite simple to set up.
However if you are unsure of yourself, find an experienced PC hand
to help out.
V
Chapter 1
System Overview
Contents
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1
1-1 Introduction
Operating System
1-2 QuickStart
1-3 Features
1-4 Specifications
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1-5 Example of a System Configuration
1-6 SystemUnit
1-7 Control Panel
Reset Button
Turbo Button
Indicator Lights
Keylock
System Power Switch
1-8 Rear Panel
Keyboard Connector
Power Cord Connector
Display Port
Power Voltage Setting
1-9 Other Peripherals
1-10 Disk Drives
Floppy Disk Drives
Copy Protection
Hard Disks
1-11 Keyboard
1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment
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vi
Chapter 2
vii
Setting Up Your System
................................
1
2-1 Unpacking Your Main System
2-2 Configuration
Restrictions
BoardLayout
lnstallling Processor
Installing Numeric Coprocessor
ROM Installation
Main Memory Configuration
Total 32-bit Memory Switch Settings
Video Selection
2-3 Jumper Options and Connectors
Functions of Connectors and Jumpers
Jumpers for Cache and Main Memory Configuration
2-4 Factory Default Settings
2-5 Connection to Power Supply
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Chapter 3
Operating Your System
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1
3-1 An Introduction to DOS
Loading
System Messages
3-2 DOS Operations
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DOS
............................
Starting MS-DOS
Formatting Disks
Banking up Your Diskettes and Files
Deleting your Diskettes and Files
Finding Out What Is on a Disk
3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format
Step 1
— Prefomatting
Step 2 —
Step3 — Format
3-4 Helpful Hints
Partitioning
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3-5 BIOS Utility and Setup
3-6 System BIOS
Hard Disk Preformat
System Utilities
Password
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User-defined Hard Disk Type
Shadow RAM
3-7 Setup Program
Entering the Setup Program
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Running the Setup Program
Shadow RAM
Exiting the Program
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3-8 System BIOS Error Messages
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VIII
Chapter 4
Keyboard
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1
4-1 Keyboard Layout
4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard
Function Keys
Numeric Keypad
Mode Indicator Lights
Special Keys
QWERTY Keys
Cursor Keys
Key Combinations
4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment .......................
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Chapter 5
Troubleshooting
5-1 Troubleshooting Procedures
5-2 System Error Messages
5-3 Examples of System Error Messages
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Chapter 6
Appendix
6-1 Disk Drives
6-2 Technical Information
6-3 Shadow RAM
6-4 Entering 33/40MHz Cache Mode
6-5 Quick Reference for Jumper Settings
6-6 Hard Disk Types Supported .....................
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Floppy Disk Drives
Hard Disk Drives
386 Microprocessor
Math Coprocessor
Memory Subsystem
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Chapter 7
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
ix
Chapter 1
System Overview
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: QuickStart
Figure 1-2: System Configuration
Figure 1-3: System Unit Case
Figure 1-4: Front Panel
Figure 1-5: Keylock and Two Security-lock Keys
Figure 1-6: Rear Panel
Figure 1-7: Connecting the Keyboard Cable
Figure 1-8: System Power Cord
Figure 1-9: Two Kinds of Display Connectors
Figure 1-10: Voltage Switch
Figure 1-11: Power Cord Specifications
Figure 1-12: System Unit Connected to Peripherals
Figure 1-13: Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives
Figure 1-14: Floppy Disk Specifications
Figure 1-15: Copy Protection for 3.5” Floppy Disk
Figure 1-16: Copy Protection for 5.25” Floppy Disk
Figure 1-17: Keyboard
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Chapter 2
Setting Up Your System
Figure 2-1 :
Figure 2-2:
Figure 2-3:
Figure 2-4:
Figure 2-5: The Four-switch DIP SW1
Figure 2-6:
Figure 2-7:
Figure 2-8:
Figure 2-9: Factory Defautt Settings
Figure 2-10:
Figure 2-11:
Unpacking Your Main System
Motherboard Layout
Coprocessor Installation
SIMM-type DRAM
SW1-4 Switch Settings
An Example of Three-pin Jumper Setting
DRAM Configurations
Connecting to a Power Supply
Power Supply Pinouts
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X
Chapter 3
Operating Your System
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1
Figure 3-1:
Figure 3-2: Calculator
Figure 3-3: Key Functions of Calculator
Initial Screen
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Chapter 4
Keyboard
Figure 4-1 :
Figure 4-2: Function Keys
Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad
Figure 4-4: Functions of Numeric Keypad Keys
Figure 4-5: Indicator Lights
Figure 4-6: Special Keys
Figure 4-7: Functions of Special Keys
Figure 4-8: QWERTY Keys
Figure 4-9: Functions of Special QWERTY Keys
Figure 4-10: Cursor Keys
Figure 4-11: Special Functions
Figure 4-12: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles
Keyboard Layout
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Chapter 6
Appendix
Figure 6-1:
Figure 6-2: Installing the Floppy Disk Drives
Figure 6-3: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive
Figure 6-4:
Figure 6-5:
Figure 6-6: Fasten the Brackets on a Hard Disk Drive
Figure 6-7: Connecting a Hard Disk Drive
Figure 6-8:
Figure 6-9:
Figure 6-10:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fasten the Brackets on a Floppy Disk Drive
Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card
Cables for Disk Drives
Connecting a Hard Disk to an HDC Card
Shadow RAM
Shadow RAM Control Port
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xi
Chapter 1
System Overview
System Overview
Chapter 1: System Overview
This chapter covers:
the basics of your system
■
the system’s features and specifications
■
control panel features and connectors outside the case
how to maintain your computer
■
lf you are an experienced user who wants to get to work as soon as
possible, the Quick
provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware.
If you want to upgrade your hardware later, read Chapter 2.
If you want to gain a more thorough understanding of your computer,
read the entire manual.
Note:
Start section at the beginning of this chapter
You may refer to the
terminology.
Glossary chapter for definitions of computer
1
1-1 Introduction
This manual will guide you through the setup of your computer and
provide the information necessary to tailor the system to fit your needs.
lf you are a novice, you will have your computer up and running with a
minimum of fuss. You will also gain valuable handson experience by
following the easy step-by-step instructions. If you are an advanced
user, you will appreciate the affordable power of this system.
The 386-based mainboard provides superlative performance and complete compatibility with software written for the Intel ‘86 family of CPUs.
The system uses a cache memory subsystem providing a small
amount of fast memory (SRAM) and a large amount of slow memory
(DRAM).
-fast enough to support burst cycles and to complete bus cycles with
no wait states. The cache memory provides high performance at a
cost approaching that of DRAM.
Quality, flexibility, and functionality are the key design features of your
system. This system provides optimum performance at an affordable
price.
Operating System
Your computer uses the MS-DOS® operating system. For more details
on this operating system, please refer to the Microsoft® MS-DOS
User’s Guide
system.
This system is configured to so that all system memory is fast
and
User’s
Reference.
This manual is included with your
2
Chapter 1: System Overview
1-2 Quick Start
If you are an experienced user anxious to start using your computer,
observe the figure below to set up your personal computer. You will still
want to use this manual later as a reference book.
Note:
Save all packing materials in case you need to ship or resell your
computer in the future.
Figure 1-1:
Quick Start
Chapter 1: System Overview
3
1-3 Features
.
386-33140 microprocessor with 80387-33140 or Weitek 3167
numeric coprocessor optional
.
Use of the DTK DA315 and DA342 chipset
.
Dual speed, 33/40MHz cache support in ultra-high speed.
Emulation without cache is enabled in low speed. Software
or hardware switches toggle between high and low speeds.
.
l/2/4/5/8 MB 32-bit DRAM onboard
.
Direct-mapped high-speed SRAM cache memory support:
64KB
.
Write-back cache update for O-wait state memory-write
operations
.
DTK, or AMI BIOS support
.
Shadow HAM function for BIOS and video
.
One 32-bit memory expansion slot for the PEI-307 32-bit
memory expansion card, expanding 32-bit memory up to
16MB
.
Six 16-bit AT compatible l/O slots
.
Two a-bit AT compatible l/O slots
.
AT bus speed —
KEEN-3336: 8MHz
KEEN-4030: 10MHz
.
DALLAS DS1287 chip to maintain system configuration and
real-time clock setting
.
Keyboard and speaker attachments
.
Seven DMA channels
.
16-level interrupt
.
Three programmable timers
-
4
Chapter 1: System Overview
• System performance rate:
KEEN-3336
Landmark (V. 1 .14): 53.7 ~ 53.9
Power Meter MIPS (V. 1.7): 8.0MIPS
Norton SI (V. 6.0): 35.4
KEEN-4030
Landmark (V. 1.14): 65.1
Power Meter MIPS (V. 1.7): 9.4MIPS
Norton SI
1-4 Specifications
• CPU — 386 microprocessor, 33/40MHz
• RAM
• ROM — 64KB legal BIOS
• Expansion slots -Six 16-hit slots and two 8-bit slots
• Power Size
• Options —
(V. 6.0): 42.9
—
Subsystem of 1 MB, 2MB, 4MB, SMB,and 8MB
—
165mm X 150mm X 150mm
Math coprocessor 80387-33140
Weitek 3167
Chapter I: System Overview
5
1-5 Example of a System Configuration
The basic system is pictured below. You may choose peripherals and
upgrades for the system as your needs require. Even if your system is
different from the one pictured, if should operate in the same basic
manner.
Figure 1-2: System Configuration
Note:
The illustrations of the system in this manual may look different from
your system; however, their main features should be the same.
6 Chapter 1: System Overview
1-6 System Unit
Chapter I: System Overview
The system unit may house a motherboard, disk drives, a power
and optional expansion cards.
Power Button
Reset Button
Figure 1-3:
System Unit Case
supply
7
1-7 Control Panel
Chapter 7: System Overview
The control panel provides several useful functions which are explained below. You are likely to use the front panel frequently, so let’s
start there.
Reset Button
The reset button allows you to restart the system without turning the
power off.
lf you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software, you can
always restart quickly from the RAM test stage by pressing the reset
button. Note, however, that any data which have not been saved to disk
will be lost.
Figure 1-4: Front Panel
Turbo Button
The Turbo button allows you to change the operating speed of the
microprocessor to accommodate software requirements. Some
software applications must be run at a slow clock speed.
lndicator Lights
These lights indicate the operation status of your computer. The red
LED comes on when the hard disk is being accessed. The green LED
is lit when the power is on. The yellow LED comes on when Turbo clock
speed is activated.
8
Keylock
The keylock enables or disables the keyboard. In the unlock mode the
keyboard is activated. In the lock mode the keyboard is disabled to
deny unauthorized uses access to the computer.
Figure 1-5:
Keylock and Two Security-lock Keys
System Power Switch
The system power switch is located on the control panel.
You should always be certain that the power is turned off before
modifying the hardware configuration in any way.
Chapter 1: System Overview
9
1-8 Rear Panel
The rear panel has all the connections that lead from the system unit
to external peripherals and the power source. Turn off all power
switches before connecting or disconnecting cables/wires! En-
sure that cables/wires are attached to the external device first and
connected to the outlet unit later. Turn the system unit power switch off
before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet.
Power Cord Outlet
10
Chapter 7: System Overview
Figure 1-6:
Rear Panel
Keyboard Connector
The keyboard supplied with your system can be plugged into sockets
in the rear of the case. plug the keyboard cable into the socket as
shown below.
Figure 1-7: Connecting the Keyboard Cab&
Chapter 1: System Overview
11
Power Cord Connector
The power supply has two receptacles: one supplies power to a
monitor; the other connects to the main power source.
12
Chapter I: System Overview
Figure 1-8: System Power Cord
Display Port
You will also need to connect your monitor to the system unit at a
female display port in one of the expansion slots as shown on the
previous page.
To attach the monitor cable to the video port, plug the cable into the
port and screw the cable connector down securely.
Your computer gives you a wide range of video options to meet your
needs.
You have a wide choice of the following video standards.
— MGA (Monochrome Graphics Adapter) also referred to as
— CGA (Color Graphics his Adapter)
— EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)
— VGA
(Video Graphics Adapter)
Your monitor power plug may not fit the system unit’s monitor power
outlet.
lf not, connect the monitor cable to a wall electrical outlet.
Refer to the figures below for mono and color display connections.
Ground
Secondary Red
Red
Green
Blue
Secondary Green
Secondary Blue
Horizontal sync
vertical sync
Figure 1-9:
Red
Green
Blue
MS2
Ground
Two Kinds of Display Connectors
Chapter 1: System Overview
13
Power Voltage Setting
14
Chapter 1: System Overview
The system unit can run on either 115V or 230V as indicated in the
figure below. The voltage setting switch is located above the monitor
power outlet. Refer to Figure 1-11 for power cord specifications.
Figure 1-10: Voltage Switch
When you are using the PC in American areas, switch the voltage
Chapter 1: System Overview
selector switch to 115V and if you are in European countries, switch to
230V. Refer to the figure below for the appropriate specification of the
power cord used.
Power Source Cord Specification
115v
230v
230v (U.S.A. only)
Figure 1-11: Power Cord Specifications
UL listed; SVT/SJT type; three-conductor
rated 10A, 125V; <15
Appropriate approval listed in that
specific country: three -conductor
rated 6A, 250v (HAR).
UL listed; SVT/SJT type; three-conductor
rated 6A, 250v<15ft. in length.
ft
.
in length
15
To connect other peripherals (printers, modems, etc.), refer to your
Chapter 1: System Overview
expansion card manuals or peripheral manuals to determine which
ports are to be used. You may consult your dealer for more about the
expansion cards available for your system. Typical peripherals are
shown in the illustration below.
16
Figure 1-12: System Unit Connected to Peripherals
1-10 Disk Drives
You can install up to six disk drives in the system unit of either with
5.25” or 3.5” sizes. More information about how to install disk drives
may be found in Chapter 6.
Figure 1-13: Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives
Chapter 1: System Overview
17
Floppy Disk Drives
With a floppy disk drive you can format and use single-sided (or
double-sided), doubledensity (or highdensity) floppy disks.
One double-sided 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 360KB of
One double-sided high density 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 1.2MB
of data. One standard 3.5” floppy disk can store up to 720KB of data.
One high density 3.5” floppy disk can store up to 144MB of data.
data.
Quality
Double Density
(DD, DS, RH)
High Density
(DH)
Figure
Tracks Per Inch
48 TPI
96 TPI
5.5
3.5
360 KB 720 KB
1.2 MB 1.44 MB
1-14: Floppy Disk Specifications
Note:
• Only highdensity floppy disks can be formatted to high
capacities of either 1.2M for 5.25” or 1.44M for 3.5” floppy
disks. You may lose data if you use a low-density floppy disk
formatted for high density.
• You can’t use a highdensity disk in a low-density disk drive.
Capacity
18
Chapter 7: System Overview
Copy Protection
Chapter 1: System Overview
You can copy-protect a floppy disk to prevent accidental storage of
information or viral infection onto that disk by covering the notch on the
side of a 5.25” floppy disk with a write-protect tab or by sliding the
small tab on a 3.5” floppy disk to expose the hole. Refer to the figures
below for how to copy-protect floppy disks.
When a disk is copy-protected, you cannot add new information to it or
change any information on it. To enable copying to the disk, remove
the copy-protecting tab on a 5.25” floppy disk or slide the tab to expose
the hole on a 3.5” floppy disk.
Figure 1-15: Copy Protection for 3.5” Floppy Disk
Figure 1-16: Copy Protection for 5.25” Floopy Disk
19
Hard Disks
Chapter 1: System Overview
Your system is very powerful and versatile. To make full use of all its
capabilities, it is best to use a hard disk. A hard disk can raise your
efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at
your fingertips.
Moreover, your system gives you a wide range of
hard disk(s) of 3.5” or 5.25” to meet your needs.
half-highorfull-high
20
1-11 Keyboard
Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric
keypad. The figure below shows a typical keyboard. Refer to Chapter
4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard.
Figure 1-17: Keyboard
Chapter 1: System Overview
21
1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment
Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this
manual and on these products!
Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and monitor
case. Do not use detergents!
Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away
from direct sunlight, moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares.
Do not submit your equipment to harsh jarring.
Ensure that all ventilation outlets are always free from
obstruction.
In the event of mechanical/power failure or damage, do not
attempt to repair the system unit, monitor/s, cables/wires.
Refer all such problems to experienced service personnel.
Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least 3” away
from anything that might obstruct the ventilation outlets and
cause overheating.
Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly. This
product is equipped with a 3-wire grounding-type plug. This
plug will only fit into a grounded power outlet.
22
Chapter 1: System Overview
It is recommended not to service this product
opening and removing covers exposes dangerous voltage
areas and other risks. Refer all servicing to qualified tech-
nician.
yourself, as
Chapter 2
Setting Up
Your System
Setting Up Your System
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
In this chapter you will learn about:
how to unpack your main system
■
how to assemble a knocked-down system
■
how to upgrade your system
■
Setting up a system is easy and takes only a short time. If your dealer
has set up your system for you, you can skip this chapter. With the
system set up, you are now ready to load your application software and
begin to work. This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to
know tight away.
You may also skip this chapter unless you want to add to or alter your
system unit hardware yourself. lt is recommended to have your dealer
or technician upgrade your system if you are a novice. Be sure that the
power is off before modifying the hardware configuration!
1
2-1 Unpacking Your Main System
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
lf you want to set up or upgrade your system, you will need to remove
the cover of the unit. This is easily accomplished with the following
tools: a small flat-blade screwdriver and a small Philips screwdriver.
Be sure that the power to the system is switched off before you open
the case. Your computer interior is as show below.
Figure 2-1: Unpacking Your Main System
2
2-2 Configuratlon
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
The following will guide you through the physical installation of the
mainboard.
Restrictions
Before installing the mainboard, we strongly recommend that you
observe the restrictions mentioned below.
• 27256 EPROM (BIOS) with 150ns access time
• 1MbitX9 SIMM DRAM with 80ns access time
• 256KbitX9 SIMM DRAM with 80ns access time
• PEM3335D(S) —
16KbitX4 SOJ Cache RAM (SRAM) with data: 25ns, tag:
20ns access time
PEM4035D(S) —
16KbitX4 SOJ Cache RAM (SRAM) with data: 20ns, tag:
15ns access time
3
Board Layout
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
The figure below will familiarize you with the layout of the Cache-386
33/40MHz mainboard.
4
Figure 2-2: Motherboard Layout
lnstalling Processor
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
The mainboard supports the 386-33/40 processor. You should insert
the processor chip with the notch on into the corresponding notch on
the PGA(Pin Grid Array) type processor socket if you have a PEM3335D/4035D mainboard, or the PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Pack) type
processor socket if you have a PEM-3335DS/4035DS mainboard.
Installing Numeric Coprocessor
The mainboard supports the 80387 and Weitek 3167 numeric
coprocessors. The coprocessor chip should be inserted into the
coprocessor socket (U39), with the notch on the package oriented in
the same direction as the corresponding notch on the socket. The
jumper J11 should be shorted if an 80387 or Weitek 3167 is not
installed and opened if either one of them is installed. The position of
the coprocessor socket is shown on the next page.
5
ROM lnstallation
To install the ROM chips, refer to the illustration on page 4 for the
location of the DIP sockets on the mainboard. ROM access time is
150ns.
6
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
Figure 2-3:
Coprocessor Installation
Main Memory Configuration
The mainboard has one kind of SIMM socket. The socket of the SIMM
I
nodule is a 30-pin single-in-line module.
Chip Insertion
Remember that when inserting chips/RAM modules, you must make
sure the notched or dotted end of the chip/RAM module is lined up with
the notched end of the socket. Gently push the chip/RAM module into
the socket, and be careful not to bend the pins. See the figure below:
Notch
Figure 2-4:
SIMM-type DRAM
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
7
Total 32-bit Memory Switch Settings
The location of the four-switch DIP SW1 can be. seen below. Each
switch has an ON and OFF position (usually the ON position is labeled,
the OFF position is not). SW1 should be set appropriately, based on
the following illustration.
Side View
Figure 2-5:
The Four-switch DIP SW1
Top View
Note:
• The switch setting for the onboard 32-bit memory must correspond to the physical memory installed onboard.
• The switch setting of the PEI307 must correspond to the
physical memory installed on the card.
• If you don’t have a 16-bit memory extension card, the switch
setting for total 32-bit memory must be for an amount larger
than or equal to total installed memory (including onboard
32bit memory and 32-bit memory on the PEI-307).
For example, if the total memory installed is 12MB (8MB
onboard and 4MB on the PEI-307), the switch setting for total
32-bit memory could be 12MB or 16MB.
a
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
But if you use some other BlOSes with the switch settings
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
(SW1-1, SW1-2, SW1-3) for total 32-bit memory larger than
the physical DRAM installed, there will be an error message.
This is caused by different methods of testing memory among
BIOSes. The solution is to set the switches for the total 32-bit
memory in accordance with the physical DRAM installed. Most
of the BlOSes do not have this problem.
• If you want to add a 16-bit extension memory card to the
mainboard, total 32-hit memory must match the switch setting for total onboard 32-bit memory plus that on the PEI-307
32-bit extension memory card.
For example, if the switch setting for total 32-hit memory is
6MB, you’ll have to fill out the complete 6MB (5MB onboard
and 1 MB on the PEI-307 card) on the system before you can
add a 16-bit extension memory card. Otherwise, there will be
a memory address conflict.
Video Selection
Switch SW1-4 is used to select color or monochrome display modes.
Refer to the figure below for the jumper settings.
Figure 2-6: SW1-4 Switch Settings
9
2-3 Jumper Options and Connectors
After the switches are set correctly, other attachments and jumper
option adjustments on the mainboard have to be made. See the
illustration on page 4 for the location of the jumpers and connectors.
The jumpers have been preset at the factory, but not necessarily for
the system configuration you want.
Jumpers
A jumper is a kind of switch which uses a plastic cap with a metal
interior to connect (short) two pins. If a jumper needs to be left open,
you should save the cap for future use by covering only one pin of the
jumper. This has no effect on the function of the board while it keeps
the cap handy. The illustration below shows the side and top views of
a three-pin jumper in which pins two and three are shorted.
Side View
10
Pin 1
Figure 2-7:
The pins of each jumper are numbered from left to right in ascending
order.
An Example
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
of
Three-pin Jumper Setting
Functions of Connectors and Jumpers
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
A variety of connections can be made from the mainboard to a control
panel on the front of your system. Following is a brief explanation of
the various functions of the connectors that the mainboard supports:
Reset Connector (Jumper J1)
This connector connects the reset switch to your control panel. If you
encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software, you can
always restart from the beginning by pressing the reset button. Note,
however that any data which have not been saved to a disk will be lost.
Turbo LED Connector (Jumper J2)
Jumper J2 is used to enable the Turbo LED. The Turbo LED in the
hardware switch indicates operation in the Turbo mode.
11
Turbo Connector (Jumper J3)
This connector switches the system between normal and turbo
speeds.
Jumper J3
Note that Turbo and Normal modes can also be toggled with a software
switch invoked from the keyboard as shown below:
Hardware Method
Normal, Emulate
Without Cache Support
Turbo, Cache Support
in Ultra-High Speed
Speaker Connector (Jumper J4)
This connector uses only two lines for the internal speaker. The pin
assignments are listed below:
12
Keyboard Lock/Power LED (Jumper J5)
This connector attaches the keyswitch to your control panel and also
provide a signal to the power LED. The pin assignments are listed
below:
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
Coprocessor Option (Jumper J11)
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
J11 is used to enable or disable the coprocessor.
Keyboard Connector (Jumper 513)
This connector is located at the back of your system unit. Any AT-compatible keyboard with a 5-pin DIN connector may be used. The pin
assignments for keyboard connector J13 are as follows:
1 Keyboard CIOck
4 Ground
Power Supply Connector (Jumper 514)
This connector is provided for the power supply. It is important that this
connector be correctly connected; if not, the mainboard may be
damaged. Information on connecting your power supply may be found
in the Connection to Power Supply section.
13
Jumpers for Cache and Main Memory Configuration
The cache configuration is 64KB cache (with eight 16Kbit x 4 cache
SRAM chips and two 16Kbit x 4 tag SRAM chips).
The figure on this page shows the jumper and switch settings for
different onboard memory (DRAM) configurations. Switch SW1 is
located on the mainboard.
Two banks of main memory are on the mainboard, BANK 0 and BANK
1. Each bank accommodates the 32-bit wide data bus. BANK 0 must
be installed first.
14
Note : means “ON” and means “OFF”
Figure 2-8: DRAM Configurations
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
2-4 Factory Default Settings
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
Because of the large number of jumpers and options on the mainboard,
it is best to start with the factory default settings and make experimental modifications from that point. The following table shows the factory
default settings.
Jumper Short
or Switch or Switch
J3
J11
SW1 -1-3
SW1-4 Monochrome Display
Figure 2-9:
High Speed 33/40MHz
Coprocessor Not Installed
Onboard 2MB Main Memory
Factory Defaulf Settings
Function
15
2-5 Connection to Power Supply
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
If you are installing the mainboard yourself, the final step is to attach
the two six-pin cables from the power supply to the mainboard at
connector J14. Be sure the four black wires of the power supply are
located at the middle of the power connector. Refer to the figure below.
Pin 1 is shown in the picture for your convenience.
Four black wires
are in the middle
Mainboard
To
power supply
16
Power supply connector
Figure 2-10: Connecting to a Power Supply
The pinouts of power connector J14 are as follows:
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
Figure 2-11: Power Supply Pinouts
17
Chapter 3
Operating
Your System
Operating Your System
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
In this chapter you will learn:
n
a few MS-DOS functions
n the basics of the system setup and utility
The software that your system will use falls into two categories.
there is the operating system, the language that tells the system what
to do. The operating system in this computer is Microsoft Corporation’s
MS-DOS, the world’s most widely used operating system for
PC/XT/ATs. Next, there is the application software that you use for
work and play. Finding application software is a simple matter of going
to your nearest PC store.
The first half of this chapter shows you the basics of the MS-DOS
functions. However, this is not an MS-DOS manual. lt mentions only
a few of the DOS functions available. To learn more about DOS, refer
to your MS-DOS User’s Guide and Reference manual included with
your system.
The last hatf of this chapter will acquaint you with the ROM on your
motherboard. The software in ROM is composed of two portions:
• system BIOS
• setup program
First
1
3-1 An Introduction to DOS
DOS stands for Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands
used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral components. DOS makes it easy for you to use applications and create
and manage files on your computer.
with the computer.
Loading DOS
Loading DOS means to copy all the DOS programs into the computer’s
electronic memory. You should follow the instructions below to start
DOS.
Starting DOS when the computer is off:
• Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever.
• Turn on the computer and respond to the prompts displayed
on the monitor.
Starting DOS when the computer is on:
lf you don’t have a DOS disk in your disk drive when you start your
computer, you will see the following message on the screen following
the
RAM
test:
Non-system disk or disk error
Replace and strike any key when ready
Then, you should:
• Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever.
• Press the reset button on your front panel (hardware reset)
or hold down the <Ctrl>, <Alt> and
time (software reset) to reboot your system.
DOS also lets you use devices
<Del> keys at the same
Starting DOS from your hard disk:
lf you have a hard disk, install DOS on the disk. Your PC will boot
automatically whenever you turn on the power.
System Messages
Refer to your
mation on system messages.
2
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
MS-DOS User’s Guide
and
Reference
manual for infor-
3-2
Chapter
3: Operating Your System
DOS Operations
Following is a brief explanation of a few DOS functions.
detailed explanation of all the DOS commands, refer to your DOS user
manual.
If you want a
Starting MS-DOS
lf you are using a hard disk with DOS already installed, the computer
will “boot” or start itself.
lf you are using a floppy disk drive, insert the DOS system disk in drive
“A” and switch on your computer.
Your computer is now booted and ready to run application programs.
Fomatting Disks
You must format a floppy disk before it can be used.
To format a disk with the same capacity in drive A, type the following:
C>Format A: <Enter>
To format a disk with a lower capacity, use the /f:xxx line (XXX means
the capacity of your floppy disk) lf your network disk drives are unable
to detect the capacity of a floppy disk.
For example, lf drive A is a 1.2MB, 5.25” drive, and you want to format
a 360K disk in it, use the following command:
C>Format A:/F:360
<Enter>
If drive B is a 1.44MB, 3.5” drive, and you want to format a 720K disk
in it, use this command:
C>Format B:/F:720
After the disk is formatted, you will see the following:
Volume label (11 characters, ENTER for none)?
<Enter>
3
Type the name you want to give the disk with a maximum of 11
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
characters, or press <Enter> if you don’t want a label, and show the
following:
Format another (Y/N)?
Press <N> if you do have nothing else to be formatted.
Backing
In order not to lose your files through disk damage or accidental
deletion it is important to back up all your files and diskettes regularly.
up your Diskettes and Files
Backing up a diskette on a two-floppy disk drive system:
At the A> prompt type the following:
A> diskcopy a: b:
Press <Enter> and respond to the prompts on your screen.
Backing up a diskette on a single? floppy disk drive system:
At the A> prompt type the following:
A> diskcopy
Press <Enter> and respond to the prompts on your screen.
After your target disk has been copied, you will see the following
prompt:
Copy another diskette (Y/N)?
Press <N> if you have nothing else to be copied.
Backlng up a file:
To back up a single file, key in the backup command and directory as
below:
A>backup <path> <filename> <drive>/A
4
Deleting your Diskettes and Files
You may want to erase diskettes or unnecessary files to make mom for
other data.
Erasing a diskette:
To erase a whole directory of files, type the following at the drive
prompt:
A>del *.* <Enter>
All the files in the open directory are now erased.
Deleting a file:
To delete a single file, type the following at the drive prompt:
A>del filename.ext
A>erase filename.ext
<Enter> Or
<Enter>
Finding
lf you want to find out what files are on a disk, you can list its directory
by using the
the disk in drive A, you would use the following command:
After you hit the enter key, all the file information will display on the
screen.
lf you use the
directory of the disk which was most recently accessed.
There are three ways to stop the screen from scrolling.
Out What is on a Disk
<DIR> command.
DIR A:
<DIR>
• pressing the <ctr> and the <S> keys simultaneously
• pressing <Pause>
• typing DIR/P see one screen each time
command without a drive letter, MS-DOS lists the
lf you want to display the directory of
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
5
3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format
6
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
A hard disk must be formatted before it can be read from or written to.
To format a hard disk drive, you should carry out the following steps:
step1—
The preformat utility is supplied by the system BIOS. You can press
the <E
program. Choose item 2 from the initial screen to preformat a hard
disk. See Figure 3-1.
Preformatting
SC>, key quickly just after the RAM test to enter the SETUP
Step 2 — Partitioning
lf MS-DOS version 5.0 is the first operating system to be set up on your
computer, you can have your disk partitioned during the SETUP
program, or run “Fdisk” to partition your disk after you set up MS-DOS.
The “FDISK” command displays a serial of menus to help you partition
your hard disk for MS-DOS. With the “FDISK” command, you can:
• create a primary partition,
• create an extended partition,
• change the active partition,
• delete a partition,
• display partition data, and
• select the next fixed disk drive for partitioning on a system
with multiple fixed disks.
lf your system has more than one hard disk drive, you can use “Fdisk”
to create and modify partitions on any drive.
To work with a different disk drive, you must choose Change Current
Fixed
Disk Drive
number of the drive you want to partition.
For more information about how to use creating DOS partition, see
Chapter 6: Managing Disks in MS-DOS
Note:
lf you have installed an old version of MS-DOS, your system may
partition the hard disk itself when you install MS-DOS version 5.0.
(option 5) from the Fdisk main menu, and specify the
User’s Guide and Reference.
Step 3 — Format
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
The DOS command ‘Format” verifies the media and moves the system
file onto the hard disk drive. The command should be keyed in as:
A> FORMAT C:/S
If you have two partitions, you should format D from the DOS prompt.
The command should be keyed in as:
A> FORMAT D:
lf you want to use partition 1 (drive C) as the startup disk, you have to
specify the /s option when formatting the disk. You can use this
system disk to boot your system later.
Note that you don’t need to perform this procedure if you want to use
new partitions for other operating systems like Xenix, Novell or Unix.
Refer to their manuals for details.
7
3-4 Helpful Hints
The following may save you some time or help you as you use your
computer.
Make copies of your diskettes regularly.
To make sure that a command works, you should:
—
— Have the correct diskette in the drive.
— Check the contents of the diskette with the
— Specify the correct diskette drive.
— Remember to include the colon (:) when specifying the
— Spell the filename correctly.
—
Refer to the DOS Reference manual for additional informa-
tion if a command still doesn't work.
Print the contents of a disk (if you have a printer) and keep
the list with the diskette.
All commands (except DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP) are files
that will work on both diskettes and hard disk drives.
The date and time shown with each directory entry are the
date and time of the last addition or change to that file.
date and time are not changed during a COPY or a DIS-
KCOPY.
Check your typing (make sure you don’t confuse \ with /).
DIR com-
mand.
name of a drive.
Use the appropriate extension. (such as *.DOC or *.EXE)
The
8
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
3-5 BIOS Utility and Setup
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
This chapter will acquaint you with the DTK BIOS on your motherhoard. If you are an AMI BIOS or any other BIOS user, skip this chapter
and refer to its respective BIOS manual.
The BIOS is composed of two portions.
• system BIOS
• setup program
3-6 System BIOS
Your system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS that contains a
POST (Power-on Self Test).
the following:
• device drivers for standard AT system components such as
fixed disks, monitors, keyboards and coprocessor-s
• 360KB, 1.2MB, 720KB and 1.44MB floppy drives
• a low-level fixed disk format utility
• three system utilities (a calculator,
timer)
In addition, this system BIOS supports
a hard disk park, and a
• system password
• user-defined hard disk types
• shadow RAM
9
Hard Disk Preformat
System BIOS supports a low-level format utility through a preformatting process. Before becoming able to save data, all hard disks need to
be preformatted. If a hard disk contains defective tracks, you should
first build the Bad Tracks Table to identify them. Then, you can start the
preformatting process.
Note:
The preformatting process will destroy ail data on the hard disk.
System Utilities
Three system utilities, a calculator, a hard disk park and a timer, are in
your system BIOS.
These utilities are enabled by the setup program.
Note:
• You have to disable these utilities before you can run any
diagnostic software.
• These utilities can be used in the text display mode only.
• When these utilities are enabled, base memory will be
reduced by 7KB.
Password
You may create a password with the setup program to deny unauthorized users access to the computer.
When a password is set, the computer allows a user three chances to
key in the password after the system has booted up.
If you have a short memory, you had better keep a record of the
password in a safe place. Keeping it in a DOS-formatted diskette is a
good way.
Chapter 3: Operating Your
10
System
User-defined Hard Disk Type
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
11
This system BIOS provides broad support for special hard disks that
may be not on the list of 47 hard disk types. If you want to set up a
hard disk which is not listed, the first step is to enter the ROM setup
program for hard disk type to set the number of cylinders, heads, etc.
Next, select hard disk type 48 or 49. When the system is rebooted, the
hard disk in your system will work.
Shadow RAM
Your motherboard supports 128KB of hardware shadow RAM. This
system BIOS supports additional software shadow RAM configurations. Configurations are made in the setup program. When the self
test is completed, the system will automatically enable shadow RAM.
When the system self test is completed, a message which shows the
enabled area of shadow RAM will be displayed on video screen.
3-7 Setup Program
A system setup program included in your BIOS is used to set up your
system hardware.
memory, extended memory, number of floppy/hard disk drives and
display configuration.
The setup program is simple to use: follow the instructions on the
screen as they appear. if you want your computer to function normally,
you should respond correctly to the screen prompts.
Entering the Setup Program
Specifically, you can set the date, time, base
There
are several ways to
enter
the setup program.
Pressing <F1>, to Enter the Setup Program
You will need to press <Fl> to enter the setup program when:
• your computer is turned on for the first time
• the non-rechargeable battery is dead
• the hardware configuration is changed
lf the battery for CMOS chip is dead or the system configuration does
not match your actual hardware configuration, you will have to reconfigure your system. The computer will give you this screen message:
Press the F1 key to enter the setup program or
press any other key to continue
Under the above conditions, pressing
setup program.
<F1>
will automatically start the
Using the DOB DEBUG Command to Enter the Setup Program
A> DEBUG <Enter>
-g=F000:FF60 <Enter>
This command will start the setup program.
12
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Pressing <ESC> to Enter the Setup Program
lf you want to set up special functions provided by BIOS or reconfigure
your system, you will need to enter the setup program. After starting
your computer, press the <E
finishes.
lf you miss the chance to do so, reset your system and repeat
the above procedures to enter the setup program. Before the setup
program appears, the following message will appear on the screen:
SETUP utility will be starting
When the system self test is completed, the setup program will fake
over.
Once you have entered the setup program, you will see the following
initial screen:
SC> key quickly before the RAM test
(C) COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO., LTD 1990.
ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2.0
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
1. SET UP SYSTEM COFIGURATION.
2. PREFORMAT HARD DISK.
3. SET UP BUILT-IN UTILITY.
4. SET UP PASSWORD.
5. SET UP USER-DEFINED HARD DISK TYPE.
6. SET UP SHADOW RAM.
9. QUIT SETUP PROGRA
CHOOSE ITEM NUMBER : [l]
M.
Figure 3-1: Initial Screen
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
13
Running the Setup Program
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Setting Up System Configuration
lf you choose item 1 from the initial screen, you can set up the
following:
• date and time
• coprocessor
• base memory
• extended memory
• diskette drive
• fixed disk type
• display card
Preformatting Hard Disk
lf you want to preformat your hard disk(s), choose item 2. Before
starting your computer, make sure to set the correct parameters.
Consult your computer dealer if you are in doubt as to which rate to
choose.
Setting Up Utilities
If you choose item 3, you may enable or disable system utilities.
• The timer has two basic functions:
1. Current time can be turned off, set to display on the hour,
or set to display constantly.
2. An alarm can be set for each hour, half an hour, or turned
Off.
• If the calculator is enabled, you may press <Ctrl> <Alt> <5>
(on the numeric keypad) in the text mode to start the cal-
culator.
14
This calculator runs only in the 80-column text mode. It is a 12-digit and
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
4-decimal business calculator. After YOU start the calculator, the
screen will appear as below:
Figure 3-2: Calculator
The calculator is virtually the same as most business calculators. The
table on the next page shows the key functions.
15
Keys
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Function
number keys
basic operators
“%” (percent)
“ "(square root)
“MR” (memory recall)
"M-” (the value in memory minus the displayed one]
“M+” (adds the displayed value to value in memory)
“AC” (all clear) will clear the
displayed and memory values.
will clear the displayed value
equal to “GT” (grand total)
“+/-” (sign change)
will toggle sign of the number
Figure 3-3:
l if you press <Ctrl> <Alt> <5> (on the numeric keypad) and
select HDISK PARK, the HDISK PARK utility can park your
hard disk. Do this before moving your computer to prevent
data loss or damage to your hard disk.
16
Key Functions
of
Calculator
Password Setup
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Selecting item 4 in the setup menu will start the system password
setup. You can key in a password with a maximum of seven alphanumeric units. The password may be kept in a DOS-formatted
diskette with a specially processed file called PASSWORD.KEY. When
a password is set, the user is given three chances to key in the
password after the system has been booted up. If the correct password
is not given during the three tries, the system will not function. The
system will ask you to insert the “key” diskette (if you have one) on
which your password is saved. lf you disable the password function,
the setup program will clear the previous passwords.
User-defined Hard Disk Type
lf none of the drive types (1-47) match your fixed disk drive specifications you have, select item 5 to configure a userdefined hard disk type.
You should key in the specifications of your hard disk (e.g., cylinders,
heads and sectors/tracks). When you finish keying in these numbers,
this user-defined option may be used and will be defined as type 48 or
49.
Note:
The cylinder number can be greater than 1024.
Shadow RAM
Shadow RAM can reduce the read time for system BIOS or video
BIOS, thereby enhancing performance. If you want to set up shadow
RAM, you should enter the setup program and select item 6.
The initial chipset default is system off and video off. You may use the
< ‘ > and < ’ > direction keys to change entries.
Exiting the Program
Once you have entered all appropriate information, you may exit the
setup program by choosing item 9. The system will restart from the
RAM test. lf at a later date you alter the configuration of your system,
you will need to go through the program again and make the appropriate changes.
17
3-8 System BIOS Error Messages
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
The following lists the various BIOS error message:
ROM BIOS Checksum Error
— Indicates an invalid ROM BIOS failure.
6254
Error
— Indicates an 6254 timer controller failure.
8237
Error
— Indicates an 8237 DMA controller failure.
74612 Error
— lndicates a 74612 page register failure.
8259 Error
—
Indicates an 8259 interrupt controller failure.
8742
Error
— Indicates an 8742 controller failure.
Check Battery
—Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or
power loss.
RTC Checksum Error
— Indicates that the system configuration is not available.
Refresh Indicator Error
— Indicates that the system memory refresh does not work.
Base 64K Memory Error
— Indicates that the system’s first 64K memory does not
work.
FDC Error User Check
—
Indicates that the floppy diskette controller does not work.
FDD Seek Failure
— Indicates a failure of the floppy diskette drive ‘seek”
operation.
18
Keyboard Error User Check
— Indicates the disconnection of the keyboard from the sys-
tem or a keyboard device failure.
Parity Error but Segment not Found, Press any Key to Continue
—
Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity
error.
System Memory Mismatch, Run SETUP
— Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS RAM
as well as onboard. You need to run the setup program.
Display Card Mismatch, Run SETUP
— Indicates a mismatch of a recorded type in the CMOS
RAM as well as onboard. You need to run the setup
program.
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
19
Capter 4
Keyboard
In this chapter you will learn:
Chapter 4: Keyboard
the basics of your keyboard and its functions
■
how to adjust your keyboard angles
■
Keyboard
A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer.
has:
• QWERTY keys
• Function keys
• Cursor control keys
• A numeric keypad
• Special keys
• Keyboard indicator lights
It
1
4-1
Chapter 4: Keyboard
Keyboard Layout
Currently several of keyboard styles are available for PC/AT/XT compatible computers. The most popular are the PC keyboard, the PC/AT
keyboard, and the enhanced keyboard. Figure 4-1 below illustrates
the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard.
Function Keys
2
QWERTY Key Area
Cursor Control
Keys
Figure 4-1: Keyboard Layout
Numeric
Keypad
4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard
Chapter 4: Keyboard
Before you begin using your computer, you should become familiar
with some keyboard functions. Your keyboard is divided into six
sections. Refer to the previous page for the layout. The following
gives an explanation of these keys.
Function
These are located on the left or at the top of the keyboard.
keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use.
They are used independently or in combination with other keys.
Keys
Function
Figure 4-2: Function Keys
Numeric Keypad
This is located on the right of the keyboard. At the center of the keypad
are nine numeric keys. These keys are used to move the cursor as
well as to enter numbers when either the Caps Lock key or Num Lock
key is pressed. Refer to the figure below:
Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad
3
Keys
Function
Turns on and off the numeric mode on the numeric keypad
Used for division operations.
Used for multiplication operations.
Used for subtraction operations.
Activating Num Lock makes 7 operative.
Home returns Cursor to the beginning of the line it is on.
Activating Num Lock makes 8 operative.
Otherwise the up cursor key is active.
Activating Num Lock makes 9 operative.
Otherwise page up is active.
Used for addition operations.
Activating Num Lock makes 4 operative.
Otherwise the cursor key is activated.
Activating Num Lock makes 5 operative.
Activating Num Lock makes 6 operative.
Otherwise the cursor key is activated.
4 Chapter 4: Keyboard
Activating Num Lock makes 1 operative. Otherwise
end moves the cursor to the end of the line it is on.
Activating Num Lock makes 2 operative.
Otherwise the cursor key is activated.
Activating Num Lock makes 3 operative.
Otherwise page down is activated.
Activating Num Lock makes 0 operative. Otherwise the key
functions to insert characters at the position of the cursor.
Used for decimal points. Otherwise it deletes characters
where the cursor is positioned.
Enters commands or inserts invisible paragraph character?
Figure 4-4: Functions
of
Numeric Keypad Keys
Mode Indicator Lights
Chapter 4: Keyboard
In addition to the character, number and control keys, every keyboard
has three lights that indicate the typing mode. These lights and their
functions are explained as follows:
Figure 4-5:
Indicator Lights
Caps Lock
When this light is on, characters are in uppercase mode.
Num Lock
When this light is off, the cursor-control function of the numeric keypad
is disabled and the numeric mode is activated.
Scroll Lock
When this light is on, text can be scrolled without moving the cursor.
5
Special Keys
Below are some special keys on your keyboard.
Figure 4-6:
Check out the above key functions in the table below and in Figure 4-4.
Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words.
Special Keys
6 Chapter 4: Keyboard
Figure 4-7:
Functions of Special Keys
QWERTY Keys
Chapter 4: Keyboard 7
These are the same keys which are used on a typewriter.
Figure 4-8: QWERTY Keys
Keys
Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter.
Changes lowercase letters to capitals.
Moves cursor back one space and erases characters.
Pressing this key
pressing it again activates lowercase letters.
Function
activates uppercase letters;
Figure 4-9: Functions of Special QWERTY Keys
Cursor Keys
Chapter 4: Keyboard
These keys move the cursor in the indicated direction.
Figure 4-10: Cursor Keys
Key Combinations
The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simultaneously.
8
Keys
Function
Figure 4-11: Special Functions
4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment
Chapter 4: Keyboard
Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled
out or pushed in to change the keyboard angles to suit you.
Figure 4-12: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles
9
Chapter
Troubleshooting
5
Troubleshooting
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting 1
In this chapter you will learn about:
■
the basics of how to solve software/hardware problems
■
when to get technical help for your computer
Your computer has been designed to provide for years of optimum
performance. But if some problems do occur, more likely than not you
will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter. No matter
whether you are a new or experienced user, you should become
familiar with the material in this chapter. For detailed explanations of
computer problems and how to solve them, you are urged to buy
personal computer troubleshooting books from your nearest hardware
or software dealer.
5-1 Troubleshooting Procedure
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
If your system does not start up properly, run through the following
steps to isolate the problem.
Start your computer. Insert a startup disk if the system software is not
installed on your hard disk.
Power Supply Fan
If your power supply fan is not running, continue reading this section.
Otherwise, skip ahead to the next section.
Make sure the power cable is property connected between your sys-
tem unit and the grounded power outlet. If possible, substitute another
power cable which you are certain is in good working order. Otherwise,
check your existing power cable for breaks in the power line.
Noisy Fan
If the fan is making a lot of noise, turn off your system and inspect the
fan for obstructions in the way of the moving parts. If possible, remove
the fan obstructions. Turn on the system again. If the noise continues,
listen to the ball bearings inside the fan housing. If the noise is coming
from what appears to be a worn bearing, you may need to replace the
power supply. Consult your dealer or a technician for help.
Monitor Does Not Turn On
If your monitor does not appear to be working properly, continue
reading this section. Otherwise, skip ahead to the next heading.
Make sure the power cable is properly connected between your sys-
tem unit and the grounded power outlet. If possible, substitute another
power cable which you are certain is in good working order. Otherwise,
check your existing power cable for breaks in the power line.
Try substituting a monitor in good working condition for the one which
came with your system. If the substitute works properly, you may need
to replace your monitor. Consult your dealer or a qualified technician
for additional help.
2
Keyboard LEDs Do Not Light Up
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
After you power up your system, the Num Lock LED on your keyboard
should light up. If it does not, continue reading this section. Otherwise,
skip ahead to the next section.
Make sure the keyboard cable is connected properly to the back of
your system unit. Try substituting a keyboard which is in good working
order. If the substitute works property, you may need to replace your
keyboard. Another possibility is that your motherboard may be defec-
tive. Consult your dealer or a qualified technician.
Silent Hard Disk
Your hard disk should make a slight whirring sound if it is operating
properly. If it is not making any sound, continue reading this section.
Otherwise skip ahead to the next section.
Open your system unit and check whether the power cable between
the power supply and the hard disk is connected properly.
If the voltage appears to be acceptable, your hard disk may be
defective. Consult your computer dealer or a qualified technician.
Noisy
Hard Disk
If your hard disk appears to be making noise, check the following:
System with One Hard Disk: Remove the power connector to the
hard disk and turn the system on. If the noise is gone, your hard disk
may be defective. Consult your computer dealer or a qualified tech-
nician.
System with Two Hard Disks: Remove the power connector to the
first hard disk and turn the system on. If the noise is gone, the first hard
disk may be defective. Repeat the same procedure to check the
second hard disk. If either hard disk appears to be defective, consult
your computer dealer or a qualified technician.
3
Blank Screen
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
About one minute after you turn on your system, a system prompt
(such as A or C) should appear on your monitor. If there is no prompt
on the monitor, follow the steps given below. Otherwise, continue to the
next section.
Adjust the brightness and contrast controls on your monitor. These are
similar to the brightness and contrast controls on a TV set. If the screen
is still blank, go on to the next step.
Make sure that the monitor power and signal cables are properly
connected.
Try substituting a monitor which is in good working order. If the
substitute monitor works properly, you may need to replace or repair
your monitor.
Try substituting a video display card which is in good working order. If
the substitute card works properly, you may need to replace or repair
your display card.
If after all these steps you have failed to find the cause of the problem,
you may need to check your motherboard. Consult your computer
dealer or a qualified technician for assistance.
RAM Test Fails
If your computer fails to pass the RAM test after you start your
computer, run through the following steps. Otherwise, skip ahead to
the next section.
Open your system unit and make sure that the RAM chips on the
motherboard are seated properly and that no pins are bent or out of
place.
Try substituting good RAM chips for those on your motherboard.
If the above steps fail to isolate the cause of your problem, you may
need to replace your motherboard. Consult your computer dealer or a
qualified technician.
4
Floppy Disk Drive
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
There are two general types of problems with floppy disk drives. First,
the LED on the floppy disk drive may not turn on when you try to read
information from an inserted disk. Second, the read head on the inside
of the drive may not be moving properly. If you appear to have either
of these kinds of problems, continue reading this section. Otherwise,
skip ahead to the next section.
Open the system unit and make sure that the power cable from the
power supply to the floppy disk drive is connected properly.
If after these steps you have not located the problem, you may need
to replace your floppy disk drive or your floppy disk controller card. If
possible, try to substitute these parts with parts that you know are in
good working order.
If after these steps you have still not located the problem, you may
need to replace your motherboard. Consult your computer dealer or a
qualified technician.
System Does Not Beep after Startup
If you have this problem, open your system unit and check whether the
speaker on the inside of the chassis is connected firmly to the motherboard.
If the speaker still does not work properly, you may need to replace
your motherboard. Consult your computer dealer or a qualified technician.
Other Suggestions
Often what appears to be a big problem is in fact just a matter of a small
oversight. Before taking your computer to the shop for major surgery,
check the following items.
Make sure that all devices (computer and peripherals) have power and
are turned on.
If you encounter a problem while you are working, stop what you are
doing immediately.
On paper, make notes of what is happening. List the actions you have
taken and the responses from the computer. You may want to print a
copy of the screen by using the <Shift> + <PrtSc> key combination.
5
Use the diagnostic software on your computer. Try to find out the
conditions under which the malfunction occurs. Try also to isolate
where the problem is occurring. Is it with a certain software program or
with your hardware? If the problem is with software, you should
probably talk to your software dealer. If the problem is with the
hardware, try to narrow down the source of the problem. Is it your disks
or disk drives? Keyboard? Printer? Screen?
If some messages appear on the screen, refer to your MS-DOS
manual for an explanation of the message. You may want to write down
the message or print it out with the <Shift> + <PrtSc> key combination.
Problems (except blackouts) can be avoided if you run your system on
a dedicated electrical line. That is, ensure that your computer and
peripheral electric cords are not shared by other appliances such as a
refrigerator or air conditioner.
a surge suppressor. This is a set of electric sockets enclosed in a
single housing. A surge suppressor prevents sudden pulses of high
electric power (spikes) from damaging the computer. This appliance
is inexpensive and can be purchased at any computer or electronic
hardware store.
Other items worth checking:
Are you using a startup disk?
Is your disk formatted?
Is the system configuration correct?
Also, it is highly advisable to purchase
If you have gone through the above checklist and your system still does
not function properly, check the following pages. The following instructions will help you solve some common problems. However, you
should be aware that other problems might stem from system software,
applications or other peripherals.
6
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
Are all the external and internal connectors are connected
well?
Make sure that you are running software compatible with
your display port, because some software programs can
only run in the MGA display mode.
Is the power fuse burned out?
5-2 System Error Messages
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
Basically there are three levels of system error messages that you
might see displayed on your computer. These are related to the
software you use. The following are the ones most commonly encountered.
Software error messages are a result of:
Software lockup:
the application becomes stuck and the cursor will
not move. When this happens, remove your application program from
the disk drive (unless a hard disk is used) and reboot your computer.
If the problem persists, contact your nearest software dealer.
Software crash:
the application suddenly displays garbled text on the
monitor or the cursor locks up. Try to reboot the computer. If the
problem persists, you will need to contact the software dealer from
whom you purchased the package. He/she should replace the pack-
age, depending on the service contract, or have it repaired.
Hardware problems:
These problems are related to the computer’s internal components,
your monitor, mouse, or printer. Hardware problems are usually ones
that the user cannot solve alone. Professional services are therefore
required.
Error messages generated by MS-DOS, BASIC or other
high-level applications:
These messages relate to problems due to incorrect use or malfunction of a high-level application under which you might run your
software. It is still advisable to contact your software dealer for assistance with such problems. Consult your dealer if you have any questions about troubleshooting.
7
5-3 Examples of System Error Messages
System crash
The cursor cannot be moved and does not respond to the keyboard.
This could indicate a software crash. Mark where you are in your
document. Reboot your system and reload your software. Scroll the
cursor to where you last saved your data.
to where the cursor could not be moved. Enter the rest of the data. If
the cursor continues to function normally, the problem was probably
caused by accidentally pressing the wrong key.
again, go over the same procedure.
your software dealer.
System does not boot
This can be caused by defective hardware or a faulty system disk.
Turn off your computer and try again. If unsuccessful, try using your
backup system disk because your working disk may be damaged.
the problem persists, you might have a hardware problem. You should
contact the dealer from whom you purchased your computer.
Monitor displays garbled, unrecognizable characters on the
screen
This usually indicates the monitor is set to an incorrect baud rate. It
may be caused by software package operation or hardware malfunc-
tion.
Ask your computer dealer the correct baud rate for the computer’s
output board. Locate the baud rate switches on your monitor and reset
the baud rate.
Retype the information up
If the problem occurs
If the problem persists, contact
If
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
8
Chapter 6
Appendix
This chapter provides:
Appendix
■
■ technical information
■
This manual is not a technical reference manual. This appendix
provides some technical information about your system, but if you
need more, check out a technical library or bookstore. You will find
technical reference books in most bookstores.
information on installing disk drives
information on moving your computer
Chapter 6: Appendix
1
6-1 Disk Drives
Chapter 6: Appendix
Up to six floppy/hard disk drives may be installed in the system unit.
Installation of a hard disk is essentially the same as that for a floppy
disk.
You may at sometime want to add to or exchange your floppy or hard
disk drives. Follow the instructions below to do so.
Be certain to refer to the manuals for both the disk drive and the
controller card for any additional specific information regarding them
that may be of importance.
Floppy Disk Drives
To install or remove floppy disk drives, follow the step below:
l Open the system unit case as described on Figure 2-1.
l Screw the metal guides to the disk drive as shown below:
2
Figure 6-2:
Fasten the Brackets on a Floppy Disk Drive
• Slide the disk drive, back end first, into the disk drive bay.
Chapter 6: Appendix 3
Figure 6-2:
• Next, connect the floppy/hard disk controller cable and one
of the four cables from the power supply. The power cable is
simple to connect: simply plug it in to the correct adapter.
The shape of the plug ensures that no mistakes will be
made.
Installing the Floppy and Hard Disk Drives
Figure 6-3:
Chapter 6: Appendix
Drive B
Figure 6-4: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card
Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive
4
• One edge of the ribbon cable is marked with a color line.
Chapter 6: Appendix 5
This specific line side of the connector should be at pin 1
when attached to the card. Pin 1 is clearly marked on the
card. See the figure below:
To Pin 1 of FDC Connector
To
Pin 1 of HDC Connector
Figure 6-5: Cables for Disk Drives
To Drive A,
To Drive D
Follow the same procedure for any additional drives you want to install.
Removal
To remove a drive, just reverse the procedure described above. Disconnect the cables, undo the screws and slide the drive out.
Hard Disk Drives
Chapter 6: Appendix
The installation of a hard disk drive is similar to that for a floppy disk
drive.
• First fasten the bracket on the drive.
Figure 6-6: Fasten the Brackets on a Hard Disk Drive
6
• Next, place the disk drive inside the bay and fasten the
brackets to the chassis. Refer to Figure 6-2.
Figure 6-7:
Chapter 6: Appendix
Connecting a Hard Disk Drive
Figure 68: Connecting a Hard Disk to an HDC Card
7
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