KEEN-2530
25MHz 286™ SYSTEM
U
ser’s
Manual
KEEN-2530
Personal Computer
User’s Manual
Edition 1.2
The following does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent
with local law:
We make no warranties with respect to this documentation either express or implied
and provides it “as is”. This includes but is not limited to any implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The information in this document
is subject to change without notice. We assumes no responsibility for any errors that
may appear in this document.
IBM PC, IBM PC/XT and IBM PC/AT are registered trademarks of International
Business Machines Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft
Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. The typeface used
in the text of this manual is Helvetica and is used under licence from the Allied
Corporation, the owner of the typeface.
All other brand names are registered trademarks of their respective companies.
The KEEN-2530, this manual and all illustrations in it are copyrighted with all rights
reserved. Under the copyright laws, the KEEN-2530, this manual and the illustrations
may not be copied without the written consent of Datatech Enterprises Co., Ltd.
Documentation design and writing by: Echo Chen, Patty Lee, Hazel Chen, and Alan
Patterson.
©
1991 Datatech Enterprises Co., Ltd.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
Radio Frequency Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for
help.
Any special accessories needed for compliance must be specified in the
instruction manual.
Warning: A shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC
emission limits and also to prevent interference to nearby radio and
television reception. It is essential that only the attached power cord be
used.
Use only shielded cables to connect I/O devices to this computer.
You are cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by
the party responsible for compliance could void your authority to operate
the equipment.
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise
emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regula-
tions of the Canadian Department of Communication.
Le Present appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques
dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de Class B
preescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté parle
Ministere des Communications du Canada.
Warning
Reconfiguring
• To keep the computer from being damaged, NEVER reconfigure the board while the power is ON.
• If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time, ensure that
the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware settings, such as DIP switches or jumpers.
III
Chapter 1
System Overview
Contents
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1
1-1 Introduction
Operating System
1-2 Quick Start
1-3 Features
1-4 Specifications
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1-5 Example of a System Configuration
l-6 System Unit
1-7 Control Panel
Reset Button
Turbo Button
Indicator Lights
Keyboard Lock
System Power Switch
1-8
Rear Panel
Keyboard Connector
Power Cord Connector
Display Port
Power Voltage Setting
Power Cord Specification
1-9 Other Peripherals
1-10 Disk Drives
Floppy Disks
Hard Disks
1-11 Keyboard
1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment
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IV
Chapter 2
V
Setting Up Your System
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1
2-1 PEM-2530 Motherboard
80386 CPU
Math Coprocessor
Expansion Bus
RAM Subsystem
ROM Installation
Jumper Settings for Connectors
Shadow RAM
Onboard System Memory Size
1MB Total Onboard Memory
2MB Total Onboard Memory
4MB Total Onboard Memory
8MB Total Onboard Memory
32-bit Local Memory Size
Starting Address
Factory Default Settings
Installation
2-2
Connection to Power Supply
Choosing a Power Supply
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2-3 Entering 25MHz Turbo Mode
Software Turbo Switch
Hardware Turbo Switch
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Chapter 3
Operating Your System
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1
3-1 An Introduction to DOS ......................
Loading DOS
System Messages
3-2 DOS Operations
Starting MS-DOS ...........................
Formatting Disks
Backing up your Diskettes and Files
Deleting your Diskettes and Files
Finding Out What is on Your Disk
3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format ......................
Step 1 — Preformat .........................
Step 2 — Partition .........................
Step 3 — Format ...........................
3-4 Helpful Hints ............................
3-5 System Setup Program ......................
Entering the Setup Program
Running the Setup Program
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VI
Chapter 4
Keyboard
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1
4-1 Keyboard Layout
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4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard
Function Keys
Numeric Keypad
Mode lndicator Lights
Special Keys
QWERTY Keys
Cursor Keys
Key Combinations
4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment
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Chapter 5
Troubleshooting
5-1 Command Problems
5-2 System Error Messages
Examples of System Error Messages
5-3 System BIOS Error Messages
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6
VII
Chapter 6
Appendix
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1
6-l Installing Disk Drives
Installing 5.25 Disk Drives
Installing 3.5" Disk Drives
Connecting Cables to Disk Drives
Connecting Cables to Floppy Disk Drives
Connecting Cables to Hard disks
Removal
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6-2 Quick Reference for Jumper Settings
6-3 Expanding Your Memory with a PEI-306 RAM Card
Card Layout
Card Setup
Total System Memory Size
Installing Your PEI-306 RAM Card
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6-4 Moving Your Computer and Peripherals
ShortMove
Long Move
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6-5 Technical Information
Overview
System
System Interrupts
ROM Subsystem
RAM Subsystem
Direct Memory Access
DMA Channels
I/O Channel Slots
Math Coprocessor Control
32-bit Memory Expansion Bus
32-bit Memory Expansion Bus Signals
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Timers
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Chapter 7
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VIII
1
Chapter 1
IX
System Overview
List of Figures
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1
Figure 1-1 : Quick Start
Figure 1-2: System Configuration
Figure 1-3: System Unit Case
Figure 1-4: Front Panel
Figure 1-5: Keyboard lock and Two Security-Lock Keys
Figure 1-6: Power Switch
Figure 1-7: Rear Panel
Figure 1-8: Connecting the Keyboard Cable
Figure 1-9: System Power Cord
Figure 1-10: Two Kinds of Display Connectors
Figure 1-11: Voltage Switch
Figure 1-12: System Unit Connected to Peripherals
Figure 1-13: Floppy and Hard Disk Drive Bays
Figure 1-14: Copy Protection for 3.5” Floppy Disk
Figure 1-15: Copy Protection for 5.25” Floppy Disk
Figure 1-16: Keyboard
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.20
Chapter 2
X
Setting Up Your System
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1
Figure 2-1 : PEM-2530 Motherboard Layout
Figure 2-2: Installing 80387
Figure 2-3: Installing WTL3167-25
Figure 2-4: Expansion Slots
Figure 2-5: Jumper J1 Pinouts
Figure 2-6: Jumper J2 Pinouts
Figure 2-7: Jumper W5 Pinouts
Figure 2-8: Jumper J3 Pinouts
Figure 2-9: Address Map of BIOS and Video
Figure 2-10: Installing the SIP Module
Figure 2-11: An Example of Three-Pin Jumper Setting
Figure 2-12: Dip Switch SW1
Figure 2-13: 1MB Total Onboard Memory
Figure 2-14: 2MB Total Onboard Memory
Figure 2-15: 4MB Total Onboard Memory
Figure 2-16: 8MB Total Onboard Memory
Figure 2-17: Support Posts Tying Up Two RAM Modules
Figure 2-18: Unpacking Your Main System
Figure 2-19: Connecting to a Power Supply
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Chapter 3
Operating Your System
Figure 3-1: Initial Screen
Figure 3-2: “Set Up System Configuration” Screen
Figure 3-3: “Preformat Hard Disk” Screen
Figure 3-4: Calculator
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Chapter 4
Keyboard
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1
Figure 4-1: Keyboard Layout
Figure 4-2: Function Keys
Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad
Figure 4-4: Indicator Lights
Figure 4-5: Special Keys
Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys
Figure 4-7: Cursor Keys
Figure 4-8: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles
Appendix
Figure 6-1: Fastening Metal Guides to a 5.25 Disk Drive
Figure 6-2: Installing 5.25 Disk Drives
Figure 6-3: Fastening the bracket to 3.5 Disk Drives
Figure 6-4: Installing 3.5 Disk Drives
Figure 6-5: Cables for Disk Drives
Figure 6-6: Connecting to a Floppy Disk Drive
Figure 6-7: Connecting Cables to Floppy Disk Drives
Figure 6-8: Connecting to a Hard Disk Drive
Figure 6-9: Connecting the Controller Cable
Figure 6-10: Connecting the Data Cable
Figure 6-11: Connecting Cables to Hard Disk Drives
Figure 6-12: PEI-306 RAM Card Layout
Figure 6-13: SIMM-Type RAM Module
Figure 6-14: 32-Bit Expansion Slot for PEI-306 RAM Card
Figure 6-15: Installing a PEI-306 RAM Card
Figure 6-16: Sixty-Two Pin I/O Channels
Figure 6-17: Thirty-Six Pin I/O Channels
Figure 6-18: Pin Assignments of the 32-bit Memory Expansion Bus
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XI
Chapter 1
System Overview
List of Tables
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1
Table 1-1 : Power Cord Specifications
Table 1-2: Floppy Disk Specifications
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14
17
Chapter 2
Setting Up Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 2-1 : Jumper W7
Table 2-2: Jumper W2
Table 2-3: Jumper W3
Table 2-4: Jumper W8
Table 2-5: Jumper W4
Table 2-6: Jumper W6
Table 2-7: Shadow RAM Control Ports
Table 2-8: Switch Settings for Different Total Memory Size
Table 2-9: Switch Settings for Different 32-bit Local Memory Sizes
Table 2-10: Starting Address of AT-Bus RAM Card
Table 2-11: Starting Address of PEI-306 RAM Card
Table 2-12: Factory Default Settings
Table 2-13: Power Supply Pinouts
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Chapter 4
Keyboard
Table 4-1 : Functions of Numeric Keypad Keys
Table 4-2: Functions of Special Keys
Table 4-3: Functions of Special QWERTY Keys
Table 4-4: Special Functions
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XII
Chapter 6
Appendix
Table 6-1: Jumper W1 and Switch SW1 Settings
Table 6-2: Jumper W2
Table 6-3: Jumper W3
Table 6-4: Jumper W4
Table 6-5: Jumpers W1
Table 6-6: DRAM Chip Speed
Table 6-7: Total System Memory Configurations
Table 6-8: Total System Memory Configurations-B
Table 6-9: Channel 0-System Timer
Table 6-10: Channel 1-Refresh Request Generator
Table 6-11: Channel 2-Tone Generation for the Speaker
Table 6-12: Interrupt Controllers
Table 6-13: DMA Channels
Table 6-14: Addresses for the Page Register
Table 6-15: Address Generation for DMA Channels 3 Through 0
Table 6-16: Address Generation for DMA Channels 7 Through 5
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W3 Settings (PEI-306)
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. . . .25
......25
XIII
What’s Inside
Here’s what you’ll find in this manual:
Chapter 1 — “System Overview”, gets you acquainted with the basic
concepts of your system.
Chapter 2 — Setting Up Your System”, shows you how to install or
upgrade your system.
About This Manual
Chapter 3 —
MS-DOS functions and the system setup program.
Chapter 4 —
and basic functions.
Chapter 5 —
procedures and provides directions for additional help.
Chapter 6 —
your system.
Chapter 7 — “Glossary: explains some microcomputer terms.
“Operating Your System”, shows you the basics of the
“Keyboard”, explains the keyboard’s features, layout
“Troubleshooting”, covers a simple troubleshooting
"Appendix”, provides some technical specifications for
XIV
How to Use this Manual
For the advanced user
If you are an experienced PC user and do not want to upgrade your
system now and you want to start using your personal computer as
soon as possible, refer to the Quick Start section at the beginning of
chapter one.
Quick Startwill provide you all the information you need to set up the
hardware.
For the beginner
Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this
system. Chapter 2 provides greater detail on the hardware and on
how to upgrade your system. Your system is quite simple to set up.
However if you are unsure of yourself, find an experienced PC hand
to help out.
xv
System
Overview
Chapter
This chapter covers:
■
the basics of your system
■
the system’s features and specifications
control panel features and connectors outside of the
■
case
System Overview
■
If you are an experienced user who wants to get to work as soon as
possible, the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter
provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware.
you want to upgrade your hardware later, read chapter 2, INSTAL-
LATION.
If you want to gain a more thorough understanding of your computer,
read the entire manual.
Note: You may refer to the "GLOSSARY" section for definitions on com-
puter terminology.
how to maintain your computer
beginnin
Chapter 1: System Review
1
1-1 Introduction
This manual will guide you through the setup of your computer and
provide the information necessary to tailor the system to fit your needs.
If you are a novice, you will be able to have your computer up and
running with a minimum of fuss. You will also gain valuable hands-on
experience by following the easy step-by-step instructions. If you are
an advanced user, you will appreciate the affordable power of this
system.
Your system uses an Intel 80386-25 microprocessor with 80387-25 or
Weitek WTL3167-25 coprocessors optional. While maintaining complete compatibility with software written for IBM PC/AT 80286-type
computers, your computer vastly exceeds them in capability and
processing power. The PEI-306 RAM Card maintains the highest
performance and flexibility for the whole system. The PEI-306 RAM
Card is specifically designed for some DTK 386 or higher level
products for memory expansion. It is not compatible with mainboards
produced by other companies and you can buy it from a dealer who
sells DTK products. Also, a wide variety of expansion cards are
available for your choice of peripherals.
Quality, flexibility, and functionality are the key design features of your
system.
Operating System
Your computer uses the MS-DOS® operating system. For more details
on this operating system, please refer to the Microsoft® MS-DOS
User’s Guide and User’s Reference. This manual is included with your
system.
2
Chapter 1: System Overview
1-2 Quick Start
If you are an experienced user anxious to stat-t using your computer,
observe the figure below to set up your personal computer. You will still
want to use this manual later as a reference book.
Note: Save all packing materials in case you need to ship or resell your
computer in the future.
Chapter 1: System Overview
3
1-3 Features
Chapter 1: System Overview
A brief description of your system is given below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intel 80386-25 microprocessor with 80387-25 or Weitek
WTL3167-25 coprocessors optional.
Dual speeds of 12.5 and 25MHz, switchable by either
software or hardware switches.
A maximum 16MB 32-bit DRAM subsystem — four SIP
RAM modules onboard and a PEI-306 local 32-bit memory
card
Base memory of 640KB and maximum extended memory of
15232KB.
Shadow RAM function for BIOS and video, controllable with
built-in setup utility or external command.
Eight expansion slots
—
one 32-bit, five 16-bit and two 8-bit
bus slots.
•
27256 or 27512 type ROM subsystem which DTK and
Phoenix BIOS support.
•
Sixteen-level interrupt.
•
Three-channel timer for sound and clock.
•
Seven-channel DMA for disk and special I/O.
•
Hardware reset switch capability.
4
1-4 Specifications
Chapter 1: System Overview
CPU — Intel 80386 microprocessor, 25MHz
RAM
ROM — 64 or 128KB legal BIOS
Expansion slots —
Disk Drive(s) —Three 5.25” disk drive bays
Power Supply — 200 W
Options —
-RAM subsystem of 1MB, 2MB, 4MB and 8MB
optional
Maximum: 16MB with the PEI-306 RAM Card
One 32-bit, five 16-bit, two 8-bit
Two 3.5” disk drive bays
Math coprocessor 80387-25 or
Weitek® WTL3167-25
5
1-5 Example of a System Configuration
Chapter 1: System Overview
The basic system is pictured below. You may choose peripherals and
upgrades for the system as your needs require. Even if your system is
different from the one pictured, it should operate in the same basic
manner.
Figure 1-2: System Configuration
6
1-6 System Unit
Chapter 1: System Overview
The system unit may house a motherboard, disk drives, a power supply
and other optional expansion cards.
Figure 1-3: System Unit Case
7
1-7 Control Panel
The control panel provides several useful functions which are explained below. You are likely to use the front panel frequently, so let’s
start there.
Figure 14: Front Panel
Reset Button
The reset button allows you to restart the system without turning the
power off. If you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar
software, you can always restart quickly from the RAM test stage by
pressing the reset button. Note, however, that any data which have not
been saved to disk will be lost.
Turbo Button
The Turbo button allows you to change the running speed of the
microprocessor to accommodate software requirements. Some
software applications must be run at a slow clock speed.
Indicator Lights
These lights indicate the operation status of your computer. The red
LED comes on when the hard disk is being accessed. The green LED
is lit when the power is on. The yellow LED comes on when Turbo clock
speed is activated.
8
Chapter 1: System Overview
Keyboard Lock
Chapter 1: System Overview
The keyboard lock enables or disables the keyboard. In the unlock
mode the keyboard is activated. In the lock mode, the keyboard is
disabled to deny unauthorized user’s access to the computer.
Keys for keylock
Figure 1-5: 1
Keyboard lock and Two Security-Lock Keys
System Power Switch
The system power switch is located on the right side of the case toward
the rear. You should always be certain that the power is turned off
before modifying the hardware configuration in any way.
Figure 1-6: Power Switch
9
1-8 Rear Panel
The rear panel has all the connections that lead from the system unit
to external peripherals and the power source. Turn off all power
switches before connecting or disconnecting cables/wires! En-
sure that cables/wires are attached to the external device first and
connected to the outlet unit later. Turn the system unit power switch off
before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet.
Figure 1-7: Rear Panel
10
Chapter 1: System Overview
Keyboard Connector
The keyboard supplied with your system can be plugged into sockets
at back of the case. Plug the keyboard cable into the socket as shown
below.
Figure 1-8: Connecting the Keyboard Cable
Chapter 7: System Overview
11
Power Cord Connector
The power supply has two receptacles: one supplies power to a
monitor; the other connects to the main power source.
Yet, if your monitor power plug does not fit the system unit’s monitor
power outlet, you should plug it into a wall electrical outlet.
Figure 1-9: System Power Cord
12
Chapter 1: System Overview
Display Port
You will also need to connect your monitor to the system unit at a
female display port in one of the expansion slots as shown on the
previous page.
To attach the monitor cable to the video port, plug the cable into the
port and screw the cable connector down securely.
‘four computer gives you a wide range of video options to meet your
needs.
You have a wide choice of the following video standards.
— MGA (Monochrome Graphics Adapter) also referred to as
Hercules
— CGA (Color Graphics Adapter)
— EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)
— VGA (Video Graphics Adapter)
‘four monitor power plug may not fit the system unit’s monitor power
outlet.
If not, connect the monitor cable to a wall electrical outlet.
Refer to the figures below for mono and color display connections.
Ground —
Secondary Red —
Red—
Green —
Blue —
Figure 1-10: Two Kinds of Display Connectors
Chapter 1: System Overview
13
Power Voltage Setting
Your system can be used with either a 115 or 230-volt power source.
You can choose the appropriate setting with the switch located above
the monitor power receptacle. The switch slides back and forth to show
which setting is being used
Figure 1-11: Voltage Switch
Power Cord Specification
When you are using the PC in American areas, switch the voltage
selector switch to 115V and if you are in European countries, switch to
23OV. Refer to the following table for the appropriate specification of
the power cord used.
Power Source
230V (U.S.A. only)
Table 1-1: Power Cord Specifications
14
Chapter 1: System Overview
115v
230V
Cord Specification
UL listed; SVT/SJT type; three-conductor
rated 10A, 125V; <15ft. in length
Appropriate approval listed in that
specific country; three-conductor;
rated 6A, 250V
UL listed; SVT/SJT type; three-conductor;
rated 6A, 125V; <l6ft. in length
1-9 Other Peripherals
Chapter 7: System Overview
To connect other peripherals (printers, modems, etc.) determine which
ports are to be used by referring to your expansion card manuals or
peripheral manuals. You may consult your dealer for more about the
expansion cards available for your system. Typical peripherals are
shown in Figure 1-12.
Figure 1-12: System Unit Connected to Peripherals
15
1-10 Disk Drives
Chapter 1: System Overview
You can install up to three 5.25” and two 3.5” disk drives in the system
unit. More information about how to install disk drives may be found in
Chapter 6.
Figure 1-13:
16
Floppy and Hard Disk Drive Bays
Floppy Disks
Chapter I: System Overview
With a floppy disk drive you can format and use double-sided (or
single-sided) double-density (or high-density) floppy disks.
One double-sided double-density 5.25” floppy disk can store up to
360KB of data. One double-sided high-density 5.25” floppy disk can
store up to 1.2MB of data.
to 72OKB of data.
One high-density 3.5” floppy disk can store up to
One standard 3.5’ floppy disk can store up
1.44MB of data.
Quality
Double Density
(DD, DS, RH)
High Density
(DH)
Tracks Per Inch
48 TPI
96 TPI
Table 1-2: Floppy Disk Specifications
Note:
Only high-density floppy disks can be formatted to high
l
capacities of either 1.2M for 5.25” or 1.44M for 3.5” floppy
disks. You may lose data if you use a low-density floppy
disk formatted for high density.
You can’t use a high-density disk in a low-density disk drive.
l
Capacity
5.25"
3.5”
360 KB 720 KB
1.2 MB 1.44 MB
17
Copy Protection
Chapter 1: System Overview
A tab on the 3.5” diskette is used for protection of data. This is a
mechanical method of protecting the disk from additions, deletions and
alterations of existing data.
The figure below shows a diskette with the write protect tab.
To enable
write protection, slide the tab toward the outermost position so that you
can see through the write protect hole. To disable write protection,
slide the tab in the opposite direction so that the hole is covered.
Note that write protection aces not prevent loss of data from accidents
such as coffee spills, fires and nuclear holocausts.
Unprotected
Figure 1-14: Copy Protection for 3.5” Floppy Disk
Figure 1-15: Copy Protection for 5.25” Floppy Disk
18
Hard Disks
Chapter 1: System Overview
Your system is very powerful and versatile. To make full use of all its
capabilities, it is best to use a hard disk. A hard disk can raise your
efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at
your fingertips.
Moreover, your system gives you a wide range of
half-high
or full-high
hard disk(s) of 3.5" or 5.25" to meet your needs.
19
1-11 Keyboard
Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric
keypad. The figure below shows a typical keyboard. Refer to Chapter
4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard.
Figure 1- 16: Keyboard
20
Chapter 1: System Overview
1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment
Chapter 7: System Overview
Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this
manual and on these products!
Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and monitor
case. Do not use detergents!
Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away
from direct sunlight, moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares.
Do not submit your equipment to harsh jarring.
Ensure that all ventilation outlets are always free from
obstruction.
In the event of mechanical/power failure or damage, do not
attempt to repair the system unit, monitor/s, cables/wires.
Refer all such problems to experienced service personnel.
Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least 3” away
from anything that might obstruct the ventilation outlets and
cause overheating.
Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly. This
product is equipped with a 3-wire grounding-type plug. This
plug will only fit into a grounded power outlet.
It is recommended not to service this product yourself, as
opening and removing covers exposes dangerous voltage
areas and other risks. Refer all servicing to service persons.
21
Setting Up Your System
Setting Up Your System
In this chapter you will learn about:
■
how to assemble a knocked-down system
■
how to upgrade your system
Setting up a system is easy and takes only a short time. If your dealer
has set up your system for you, you can skip this chapter. With the
system setup you are now ready to load your application software and
begin to work. This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need
to know right away.
You may also skip this chapter unless you want to add to or alter your
system unit hardware yourself. It is recommended to have your dealer
or technician upgrade your system if you are a novice. Ensure that the
power is off before modifying the hardware configuration!
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
1
2-1 PEM-2530 Motherboard
Your motherboard contains an Intel® 80386-25 microprocessor, a
math coprocessor socket, BIOS chips and expansion slots. The figure
below will familiarize you with the layout of the PEM-2530 Mainboard.
Figure 2-1: PEM-2530 Motherboard Layout
2
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
80386 CPU
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
The PEM-2530 uses an Intel Corporation 80386-25 microprocessor
running at 25MHz. The 80386 has a number of features enabling a
substantial leap in processing power and capability over the 80286standard microprocessor used in AT-type microcomputers. Aside from
being able to execute 80286 programs more quickly, the 80386 is
capable of concurrent processing, hardware-based multitasking, the
creation of 8086 “virtual machines” and superior extended-memory
support.
Virtual machines allow for the creation of discrete, non-interfering
operating environments for application programs. This means that
each application can have its own 640K working environment. With the
appropriate control software, virtual machines may be created within
extended memory.
The PEM-2530 is switchable between 12.5 and 25MHz with either a
hardware or a software switch. The default setting is 25MHz. For
software that fails to operate at 25MHz you may switch to the lower
12.5MHz speed.
3
Math Coprocessor
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
An optional Intel 80387-25 or the daughter board Weitek WTL3167-25
coprocessor can be installed on the PEM-2530 to accelerate processing of calculation-intensive applications. The empty square socket for
the coprocessor is located on the left side of the mainboard beside the
two BIOS chips. Note that there are three rows in the pin socket. Use
the two internal rows to install the Intel 80387-25 coprocessor. Use all
the rows to install a Weitek WlL3167-25 coprocessor which is made
by Weitek Co. Ltd.
Jumper W7 is used to enable math coprocessor. Refer to the table for
jumper settings,
Jumper
Math Coprocessor
W7
Installed
NOT Installed
Table: 2-1 Jumper W7
Remember that you must make sure the dotted end of the chip is lined
up with the notched end of the socket. Refer to the illustrations on the
next page to install the Intel 80387 and the daughter board Weitek
WTL3167.
4
Figure 2-2: Installing 80387
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
Figure 2-3: Installing WTL3 167-25
5
Expansion Bus
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
The PEM-2530 has one 32-bit, five 16-bit and two 8-bit slots. To ensure
complete compatibility with all types of memory expansion cards, the
bus clock is wait-state selectable for either 8 or 16-bit I/O interfaces.
The long 32-bit slot is for 32-bit memory expansion card using SIMM-
type DRAM.
Jumper W2 is used to set the wait states for 16-bit slots and jumper
W3 is for 8-bit memory expansion cards running at 8MHz. Refer to the
tables below for the appropriate jumper settings. The jumpers pictured
below are in the same orientation as the motherboard layout.
Table 2-2: Jumper W2
Table 2-3: Jumper W3
6
RAM Subsystem
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
One PEI-306 RAM Card can be installed in the 32-bit slot as shown
below. The RAM card utilizes local-access technology to achieve the
highest performance. Note that the upper limit for local memory is
16MB. For more detailed information, refer to the PEI-306 user’s
manual and the PEI-306 section in Chapter 6.
Figure 24: Expansion Slots
ROM Installation
To install the ROM chips, refer to the table below for jumper setting.
If
you are not sure what you have, you may need to consult your dealer
for the right chips.
Table 2-4: Jumper W 8
7
Jumper Settings for Connectors
Following is a brief explanation of the various functions of a control
panel that the PEM-2530 supports and some of the jumpers which may
be connected:
Keyboard Lock (Jumper J1)
Jumper J1 is used to enable the use of the keyboard and the power
LED. The keyboard lock is used to enable or disable the keyboard. By
disabling the keyboard, you can ensure that anyone who does not have
a key will be unable to use the computer. Unlocking the keylock
enables the keyboard.
Power LED (Jumper J1)
The power LED indicates whether the power is on. Refer to the figure
below for jumper J1 pinouts.
Jumper J1 Pinouts
System Power LED
N.C.
Ground
Keyboard inhibit
Ground
Figure 2-5:
Jumper J1 Pinouts
Hardware Reset (Jumper J2)
I
Jumper J2 is used to enable the hardware reset. The reset switch
restarts the computer from the RAM test stage. If you encounter any
problems while using unfamiliar software, you can always restart from
the beginning by pressing the reset button. Note, however that any
data which has not been saved to disk will be lost. Refer to the figure
below for jumper J2 pinouts.
Figure 2-6: Jumper J2 Pinouts
8
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Jumper J2 Pinouts
Turbo LED (Jumper WS)
Jumper W5 is used to connect a Turbo LED. You may connect either
pins one and two or two and three. The Turbo LED in the hardware
switch indicates operation in the Turbo mode.
Jumper W5 Pinouts
Figure 2-7: Jumper W5 Pinouts
Turbo Switch (Jumper W4)
The Turbo switch allows you to toggle the speed of the microprocessor
between 125MHz and 25MHz.
Note that if you are going to attach the
Turbo switch connector on the control panel, attach pins one and two
or pins two and three of jumper W4. If no cap is placed over the pins
of W4 this sets the default speed at 25MHz. Microprocessor speed is
also controllable from the keyboard by means of a software switch.
Refer to the figure on the next page for more about this.
Table 2-5: Jumper W4
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
Speaker Connector (Jumper J3)
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Jumper J3 is used to connect a speaker. When the four pins are in a
closed circuit, the speaker is functional. Refer to the figure below for
the pinouts of jumper J3.
Jumper J3 Pinouts
Figure 2-8: Jumper J3 Pinouts
Video Selection (Jumper W6)
Jumper W6 is used to select display mode. Refer to the figure for the
settings.
Table 2-6: Jumper W6
10
Shadow RAM
For higher performance, the PEM-2530 has two shadow RAM func-
tions. We have released DTK and Phoenix (under the authorization of
Phoenix) BIOS, and one program on a diskette for your convenience.
Shadow RAM is one of the advanced features of the PEM-2530. Your
BIOS or diskette will support the following:
•
A 64KB DRAM space allocated for BIOS shadow RAM
•
A 64KB DRAM space allocated for video shadow RAM
BIOS and video addresses are allocated for shadow RAM. Both
sections are 64KB in size. Refer to the table below for more information.
Figure 2-9: Address Map of BIOS and video
Note:
•
If the working area of your package or add-on card (execpt
video card) is located between addresses C0000HCFFFFH, you must disable the video shoadow RAM to
avoid an address conflict.
•
A reserved 128K DRAM space is allocated for shadow
RAM. You cannot use it for another purpose even if these
functions are disabled. Refer to the table below for more information.
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
11
If you use DTK or Phoenix BIOS with shadow RAM, you can enable
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
or disable these two shadow RAM functions through your BIOS setup.
Refer to the system setup manual for more information.
Table 2-7: Shadow RAM Control Ports
If your BIOS does not support shadow RAM, and you may use the
program resident in the diskette included with this mainboard to set up
the shadow RAM driver.
To install shadow RAM program, follow the setps below:
Insert the diskette into drive A and enter a:.
•
•
Enter this command:
SH INST
•
Respond to the prompts on your screen according to your
request.
The shadow RAM function is now installed and your AUTOEXE.BAT
file has been modified by the installation program. The shadow RAM
function will automatic active after you reboot your system.
If you want to update your shadow RAM function. You may run the
“SHADOW.EXE” file and modify the shadow RAM as you desired.
12
Onboard System Memory Size
The PEMT2630 mainboard can accommodate up to 8MB DRAM on-
board of module RAM (41256,44256 end 411000 types).
If necessary, the PEI-306 RAM Board can increase system memory to
a total of 16MB.
The PEM-2630 has a 30-pin single-in-line socket for SIP module RAM.
Remember that when module RAM is inserted into the sockets, you
must make sure that pin 1 of a module is lined up with pin 1 of its
socket. Remove any static charge from your body before touching the
module. Gently push the module RAM into the socket, and be careful
not to bend the pins.
Notch
— RAM Module
— RAM Module
Socket
Figure 2-10: Installing the SIP Module
Jumper
A jumper is a kind of switch which uses a plastic cap with a metal
interior to connect (short) two pins. If a jumper needs to be left open,
you should save the cap for Mure use by covering one pin only of a
jumper. This has no effect on the function of the board while it keeps
the cap handy. The illustration below shows the side and top views of
a three-pin jumper in which pins two and three are shorted.
Side View
I
Pin 1
Top View
Figure 2-11: An Example of Three-Pin Jumper Setting
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
13
Switch
DIP switch- SW1 on the mainboard is shown below in side and top
Side View
Top View
Figure 2-12: Dip Switch SW1
Memory Size
Four types of module RAM can be installed on the PEM-2530 mainboard. SW1 -1 and SW1 -2 are use to select onboard DRAM type. See
the tables below and the figures on the following pages.
* DTK supports this kind of module RAM. There are two banks of 44256
type DRAM mounted on each RAM module.
I
Table 2-8: Switch Settings for Different Total Memory Size
** DTK supports this kind of module RAM. There are two banks of
411006 type DRAM mounted on the RAM module.
*** Due to the address limitations, this configuration cannot accom-
modate an AT bus RAM card.
14 Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Restrictions
You should observe the specifications below:
411000 and 44256 CMOS RAM modules with 80ns access
Ž
time.
41256 NMOS RMA modules with 60ns access time.
Ž
All module RAM must be page mode or page/static column
Ž
mode type.
The following are some recommended RAM modules.
— TOSHIBA — 514256AP-8
— MOTOROLA- MCM514256AP80
— NEC — 421000-80
— PANASIONIC — MN41 Cl OOOSJ-80
— HITACHI
—
NMBS — AAAl M204J-08H
— HM514256AJP8
Consult your deafer for advice on these and other appropriate RAM
modules for the PEM-2580 mainboard.
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
15
1
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
MB Total Onboard Memory
Figure 2-13:
16
1 MB Total Onboard Memory
2MB Total Onboard Memory
Figure 2-14: 2MB Total Onboard Memory
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
17
4MB Total Onboard Memory
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Figure 2-15: 4MB Total Onboard Memory
18
8MB Total Onboard Memory
Solder Side
Component Side
Figure 2-16: 8MB Total Onboard Memory
Note that 1 Mbit x36 type RAM module are to be inerted back to back.
Make sure pin one of the RAM module printed circuit board is lined up
with pin one of the socket. The illustration below shows the top view
after two RAM modules have been inserted and the support post is
used to tie up two RMA modules.
Figure 2-17: Support Posts Tying Up Two RAM Modules
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
19
32-bit Local Memory Size Switches
3 and 4 of SW1 are used to select local memory size (total
onboard 32-bit memory plus the 32-bit memory on the PEI-306). Note
that the settings are for 32-bit memory sizes less than or equal to the
memory sizes indicated in the table.
Table 2-9: Switch Settings for Different 32-bit Local Memory Sizes
To add a 16-bit RAM Board in the AT slot, your total 32-bit memory must
equal exactly either 2MB, 4MB or 8MB. Otherwise, your system will
crash due to a starting address conflict for the 16-bit memory on the
RAM board.
Remember that you’ll have to insert the four pieces of module RAM
before you can add a 32-bit extension memory card.
20
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Starting Address
Refer to the followinn tables to find corresponding starting addresses
for an AT-bus RAM card and a PEI-306 RAM card:
Table 2-10: Starting Address of AT- Bus RAM Card
The 32-bit local memory is four pieces of onboard SIP-type DRAM plus
a PEI-306 RAM card which is provided by DTK.
Table 2-11: Starting Address of PEI-306 RAM Card
* DTK sells PEI-306 RAM Card.
**These are standard RAM modules and has one bank DRAM mount-
ing on the RAM module.
*** DTK sells these RAM modules and have two banks DRAM mount-
ing on the RAM module.
**** Refer to Chapter 6 for more information about the installation of
PEI-306 RAM card.
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
21
Factory Default Settings
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Because of the large number of jumpers and options on the PEM-2530
board, you are advised to start with the factory default settings and to
make experimental modifications from that point. The following table
shows the factory default settings.
Table 2-12: Factory Default Settings
22
Monochrome
2-2 Installation
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
The time may come when you want to upgrade your system. To do so,
you may need to remove the cover of the unit. This is easily ac-
complished with the following tools: a small flat-blade screwdriver and
a small Philips screwdriver.
Be sure that the power to the system is switched OFF before you open
the case. Your computer interior is as below:
Figure 2- 18:
Unpacking Your Main System
23
Connection to Power Supply
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
If you are installing the PEM-2530 yourself, the final step is attaching
the power supply cable to the mainboard at connector CON7. On the
left side of the power supply are some cables. Find the two six-pin
plastic connectors (the four-pin connectors are for the disk drives).
Refer to the figure below. Pin 1 is numbered in the picture for your
convenience. Be sure that the four black wires of the power supply are
located at the middle of the power connectors.
Figure 2-19: Connecting to a Power Supply
The pinouts for the connectors at pin 7 are as follows:
Table 2-13: Power Supply Pinouts
24
Choosing a Power Supply
A 200W power supply is installed in your system. But, if you need to
purchase a power supply in a later time, the following information will
be of interest.
The power supply provides a “power-good” signal to indicate proper
operation of the power supply. The power-good signal is a TTL-compatible high level for normal operation or a low level for fault conditions.
If the power-good signal works well, the system will function properly.
Otherwise, the data setting in the CMOS RAM will be lost. Since the
PEM-2530 is an 80386 PC, a minimum 200W power supply is strongly
recommended in order to ensure reliability.
The following is recommended for choosing a suitable power supply
• The power-good signal should have a turn-on delay of at
least 250ms but not longer than 500ms when the power is
on (This means that the power-good signal goes to a high
level later than +5V.).
• The power-good signal goes to a low level at least 100ms
before the +5V power falls below the regulation limits when
the power is off.
To install a power supply in your system case you may need to consult
your dealer for information. Installation is a simple and straightforward
procedure.
After you have completed connecting the cables and installing the
RAM Cards, close the case according to the instructions in your system
manual. Now you are ready to go.
Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System
25
2-3 Entering 25MHz Turbo Mode
The PEM-2530 supports both a software and hardware switch to
toggle between 12.5MHz and 25MHz (Turbo) modes. The two
switches are set up using jumper W4 and are mutually exclusive. You
must choose which one you prefer if you are setting up the board
yourself.
Software Turbo Switch
When pins two and three of jumper W4 are covered with a jumper cap
or are connected to a closed hardware Turbo switch the
microprocessor’s speed can be toggled between Turbo and Normal
speeds from the keyboard. The speed when you turn the system on
will be 12.5MHz. To switch the speed to 25MHz, do the following: press
and hold down the control <Ctrl> and alternate <AIt> keys on the
keyboard while you press the minus <-> key. The cursor on the screen
will turn into a box. The Turbo LED on your panel, if you have one, will
light. For more information on the Turbo LED, refer to the Connectors
section.
Now the computer is in 25MHz mode. To return to 12.5MHz mode,
press the same keys you used to enter 25MHz mode. When you enter
the 12.5MHz mode, the cursor will return to the dash (_) form and the
Turbo LED will turn off.
Hardware Turbo Switch
If your hardware Turbo switch is connected to pins one and two of
jumper W4, pushing the switch on and off will initiate 12.5MHz Normal
mode and 25MHz Turbo mode respectively.
Using the hardware switch means that the only indication of operation
mode will be the Turbo LED. It will turn on in the 25MHz (Turbo) mode
and turn off in the 12.5MHz mode. The cursor will always have the
same appearance.
26
Chapter 2: Setting Up your System
Operating Your System
Chapter
Operating Your System
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
In this chapter you will learn:
a few MS-DOS functions
■
■
the basics of the system setup program
The software that your system will use falls into two categories.
there is the operating system, the language that tells the system what
to do. The operating system in this computer uses is Microsoft
Corporation’s MS-DOS, the worlds most widely used operating sys-
tem for PC/XT/ATs.
Next, there is the application software what you use for work and play.
Finding application software is a simple matter of going to your nearest
PC store.
Note:
This is not an MS-DOS manual.
functions available. To learn more about DOS, refer to your MS-DOS
User’s Guide and Reference manual included with your system.
It mentions only a few of the DOS
First
1
3-1 An Introduction to DOS
DOS stands for Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands
used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral components. DOS makes it easy for you to use applications and create
and manage files on your computer. DOS also lets you use devices
with the computer.
Loading DOS
Loading DOS means to copy all the DOS programs into the computer’s
electronic memory. You should follow the instructions below to start
DOS.
Starting DOS when the computer is off:
•
Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever
Turn on the computer and respond to the prompts displayed
on the monitor.
Starting DOS when the computer is on:
If you don’t have a DOS disk in your disk drive when you start your
computer, you will see the following message on the screen following
the RAM test:
Non-system disk or disk error
Replace and strike any key when ready
Then, you should:
l
Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever.
l
Press the reset button on your front panel (hardware reset)
or hold down the <Ctrb, <Alt> and <Del> keys at the same
time (software reset) to reboot your system.
Starting DOS from your hard disk:
If you have a hard disk, install DOS on the disk. Your PC will boot
automatically whenever you turn on the power.
System Messages
Refer to your MS-DOS User’s Guide and Reference manual for information on system messages.
2
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
3-2 DOS Operations
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Following is a brief explanation of a few DOS functions. If you want a
detailed explanation of all the DOS commands, refer to your DOS user
manual.
Starting MS-DOS
If you are using a hard disk with DOS already installed, the computer
will “boot” or start itself.
If you are using a floppy disk drive, insert the DOS system disk in drive
“A” and switch on your computer. You will see a message similar to
the following:
Current date is Fri 01-01-1990
Enter new date (MM-DD-YY):
For the new date, key in the month, day and year, separated by
hyphens. Press <Enter>.
Time is displayed and corrected as follows:
Current time is 0 : 02 : 15.00
Enter new time: 2:20
Your computer is now booted and ready to run application programs.
3
Formatting Disks
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
You must format a floppy disk before it can be used.
Formatting high-density disk:
To format a high-density disk, type the following at the drive prompt:
C>Format A:
<Enter>
After your disk has been formatted, you will see the following prompt:
Format another diskette (Y/N)?
Press <N> if you do have nothing else to be formatted.
Formatting a low-density disk:
To format a low-density disk, type the following at the drive prompt:
C>Format A:/4
<Enter>
After your disk has been formatted, you will see the following prompt:
Format another diskette (Y/N)?
Press <N> if you have nothing else to be formatted.
4
Backing up your Diskettes and Files
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
In order not to lose your files through disk damage or accidental
deletion it is important to back up all your files and diskettes regularly.
Backing up a diskette on a two-floppy disk drive system:
At the A> prompt type the following:
A> diskcopy a: b:
Press <Enter> and respond to the prompts on your screen.
Backing up a diskette on a single floppy disk drive system:
At the A> prompt type the following:
A> diskcopy
Press <Enter> and respond to the prompts on your screen.
After your target disk has been copied, you will see the following
prompt:
Copy another diskette (Y/N)?
Press <N> if you have nothing else to be copied.
Backing up a file:
To back up a single file, key in the backup command and directory as
below:
A>backup <path> <filename> <drive> /A
5
Deleting your Diskettes and Files
You may want to erase diskettes or unnecessary files to make room for
other data.
Erasing a diskette:
To erase a whole directory of files, type the following at the drive
prompt:
A>del *.*
<Enter>
All the files in the open directory are now erased.
Deleting a file:
To delete a single file, type the following at the drive prompt:
A>del filename.ext
<Enter>
6
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Finding Out What is on Your Disk
If you want to find out what files are on a disk, you can list its directory
by using the <D/R> command. If you want to display the directory of
the disk in drive A, you would use the following command:
DIR A:
After you hit the enter key, all the file information will be displayed on
the screen.
If you use the <D/R> command without a drive letter, MS-DOS lists the
directory of the disk which was most recently accessed.
There are three ways to stop the screen from scrolling.
• pressing the <Ctrl> and the <S> keys simultaneous
• pressing <Pause>
• typing DIR/P to see one screen each time
Chapter 3: Operating Your System 7
3-3 Hard Disk Drive Format
A hard disk must be formatted before it can be read from or written to.
If your hard disk requires this, you should carry out the following steps:
Step 1 —
Preformat
The preformat utility is supplied by the system BIOS. You can press
<Esc> key quickly just after the RAM test to enter the SETUP program.
Choosing item 2 from the initial screen to preformat hard disk. See
Figure 3-1.
Step 2 — Partition
This process creates DOS partitioning on a preformatted hard disk
drive. The DOS command “FDISK” handles this partitioning process.
Insert your DOS diskette in drive A and type a: to get A prompt. Then
type:
A> FDISK <J>
The “FDISK” command displays a serial of menus to help you partition
your hard disk for MS-DOS.
With the “FDISK” command, you can:
• create a primary partition,
• create an extended partition,
• change the active partition,
• delete an partition,
• display partition data, and
• select the next fixed disk drive for partitioning on a system
with multiple fixed disks.
If your hard disk is 40MB, you may have partitions of up to 33MB in
size. 33MB is the maximum space for a partition allowed by DOS.
For more information about how to use creating DOS partition, see
Appendix D in MS-DOS User’s Guide and Reference.
8
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Step 3 — Format
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
The DOS command “Format”verifies the media and moves the system
file onto the hard disk drive. The command should be keyed in as:
A> FORMAT C:/S
If you have two partition, you have to format D in DOS prompt. The
command should be keyed in as:
A> FORMAT D:
If you want to use the partition 1 (drive C) to start DOS, you have to
specify the /S option when formatting the disk. You can use this
system disk to boot your system later.
Note that you don’t need to perform this procedure if you want to use
new partition for other operating systems like Xenix, Novell or Unix.
Refer to their manuals for details.
9
3-4 Helpful Hints
The following may save you some time or help you as you use your
computer.
• Make copies of your diskettes regularly.
To make sure that a command works, you should:
— Check your typing (make sure you don’t confuse \ with /).
— Have the correct diskette in the drive.
— Check the contents of the diskette with the DIR com-
mand.
— Specify the correct diskette drive.
— Remember to include the colon (:) when specifying the
name of a drive.
— Spell the filename correctly
— Use the appropriate extension (such as *.DOC or * .EXE)
• Refer to the DOS Reference for additional information if a
command still doesn’t work.
• Print contents of a disk (if you have a printer) and keep the
list with the diskette.
• All commands (except DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP) are
files that will work on both diskettes and hard disk drives.
• The date and time shown with each directory entry are the
date and time of the last addition or change to that file. The
date and time are not changed during a COPY or a DIS-
KCOPY.
10
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
3-5 System Setup Program
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
A system setup program is included in your BIOS on the motherboard.
The setup program is used to key in the configuration you want for your
system. Specifically, you can set the date, time, base memory, expansion memory, number of floppy and hard disk drives and display
configuration as well as get information on hard disk types.
Your system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS. In addition, many
special functions are supported like:
l
a low-level fixed disk format utility
l
three system utilities (a calculator, a hard disk park, and a
timer)
l system password
l
user-defined hard disk types
l shadow RAM
The setup program is simple to be used. It is extremely important that
you respond correctly to the prompts about your computer.
The following will guide you through the setup program.
For more
information about the setup program, refer to your BIOS manual.
11
Entering the Setup Program
There are two ways to enter the setup program: by pressing <F1> or
by pressing <ESC> .
1. Pressing <F1> to Enter the Setup Program
You will need to press <F1, to enter the setup program in the following
situations:
• when your computer is turned on for the first time
• when the rechargeable battery is dead
• when the hardware configuration is changed
If the battery for CMOS chip is dead or the system configuration does
not match your actual hardware configuration, you will have to reconfigure your system. The computer will give you this screen message:
Press the F1 key to enter the setup program or
press any other key to continue
Under the above three conditions, pressing <F1> will automatically
start the setup program.
Under any conditions within DOS, you can use the DOS DEBUG
command as follows:
A> DEBUG
-g=F000:FF60
This command will start the setup program.
12
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
2. Pressing <ESC> to Enter the Setup Program
If you want to set up special functions provided by BIOS or reconfigure
your system, you will need to enter the setup program.
After starting
your computer, press the <Esc> key quickly before the RAM test
finishes. If you miss the chance to do so, reset your system and repeat
the above procedures to enter the setup program. Before the setup
program appears, the following message will appear on the screen:
SETUP utility will be starting
When the system self test is completed, the setup program will take
over.
Once you have entered the setup program, you will see the following
initial screen:
(C) COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO., LTD 1990.
ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2.0
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2. PREFORMAT HARD DISK.
3. SET UP BUILT-IN UTILITY.
4. SET UP PASSWORD.
5. SET UP USER-DEFINED HARD
6.
SET UP SHADOW RAM.
9. QUIT SETUP PROGRAM.
CHOOSE ITEM NUMBER : [l]
DISK TYPE.
Figure 3-1: Initial Screen
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
13
Running the Setup Program
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
The menu of the setup program highlights the selected command. You
can use the up < # > and down < $ > arrows to select the desired item.
Pressing the enter key <
8
> confirms your selection or enters the next
screen. If the option on the screen does not match your configuration,
you have two ways to make modifications. You may either highlight
selections and press <
and right <
’
8
>
> arrows to show different options and select from them.
to enter the command or use the left ,<
‘
>
If you want to exit a current screen, you may press <Esc>
or select
the exit item of the screen.
The following are some examples of setup program screens you will
see in using the program.
14
1. Setting Up System Configuration
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
If you choose item 1 from the screen on the previous page to configure
your system, the following will appear:
(C) COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO., LTD 1990.
Figure 3-2:
ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2.0
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
SET UP SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
2. CURRENT TIME:[ 05:30:00]
3. COPROCESSOR : [ 1 ]
4. BASE MEMORY : [ 640 kB]
5. EXTENDED MEMORY : [ 1280 KB]
6. DISKETTE DRIVE A : [ 1.2 M ]
DISKETTE DRIVE B : [ NO ]
7. FIXED DISK TYPE C: [40/MFM]
FIXED DISK TYPE D : [ NO / NONE ]
8. PRIMARY DISPLAY CARD : [ MGA ]
9. EXIT
CHOOSE ITEM NUMBER : [l]
8 8
“ ” “ ”
: CHANGE ITEM
‘ ’ ‘ ’
:HODIFY
:ACCEPT
“Set Up System Configuration q Screen
Once you have entered all appropriate information and exited by
choosing item 9, you will be asked to confirm that the configuration
data are correct.
If at a later date you alter the configuration of your system, you will
need to go through the program again and make the appropriate
changes.
15
2. Preformatting Hard Disk
If you want to preformat your hard disks, reenter the setup program by
pressing <Esc>, and select item 2 on the initial screen. The program
will then proceed as below:
(C) COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO., LTD 1990.
ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2.0
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Figure 3-3: “Preformat Hard Disk” Screen
16 Chapter 3: Operating Your System
3.
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Setting Up Built-in Utilities
three system utilities, a calculator, a hard disk park, and a timer, are
in your system BIOS. These utilities are enabled by the setup program. Note that these utilities can be used in the 80-column text
display mode only.
he calculator and the hard disk park can be used if you press <Ctrl>
<Alt>, and <5> (on the key pad). Pressing <Esc> will exit these
utilities.
The following is the figure for the calculator.
Figure 3-4: Calculator
17
4. Setting Up Password
Chapter 3: Operating Your System
Selecting item 4 in the initial setup menu will lead you to set up a
system password. A password can deny unauthorized users access
to the computer. You can key in a password with a maximum of seven
alphanumeric units.
You may press <FI> to see the present password status.
5. Setting Up User-Defined Hard Disk Type
If none of the drive types (l-47) match the fixed disk drive specifications you have, select item 5 in the setup menu to set a user-defined
hard disk type.
6. Shadow
RAM
If you want to set up shadow RAM, you should enter the setup program
and select item 6. Shadow RAM can reduce the read time for system
BIOS or video BIOS, thereby enhancing performance.
18
Keyboard
Chapter
Keyboard
In this chapter you will learn:
■
the basics of your keyboard and its functions
■
how to adjust your keyboard angle
A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer. It
has:
• QWERTY keys
• Function keys
• Cursor control keys
• A numeric keypad
• Special keys
• Keyboard indicator lights
Chapter 4: Keyboard
1
4-1 Keyboard Layout
Chapter: 4: Keyboard
Currently several of keyboard styles are available for PC/AT/XT compatible computers. The most popular are the PC keyboard, the PC/AT
keyboard, and the enhanced keyboard. Figure 4-1 below illustrates
the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard.
Function Keys
I
QWERTY Key Area
Figure 4-7: Keyboard Layout
Cursor Control
I
Keys Keypad
Keyboard
I
Numeric
2
4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard
Before you begin using your computer, you should become familiar
with some keyboard functions. Your keyboard is divided into six
sections. Refer to the previous page for the layout. The following
gives an explanation of these keys.
Function Keys
These are located on the left or at the top of the keyboard. Function
keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use.
They are used independently or in combination with other keys.
Figure 4-2: Function Keys
Numeric Keypad
This is located on the right of the keyboard. At the center of the keypad
are nine numeric keys. These keys are used to move the cursor as
well as to enter numbers when either the Caps Lock key or Num Lock
key is pressed. Refer to the figure below:
Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad
Chapter 4: Keyboard
3
Keys Function
Turns on and off the numeric mode on the numeric keypad
Used for division operations.
Used for multiplication operations.
Used for subtraction operations.
Activating Num Lock makes 7 operative.
Home returns cursor to the beginning of the line it is on.
Activating Num Lock makes 8 operative.
Otherwise the up cursor key is active.
Activating Num Lock makes 9 operative.
Otherwise page up is active.
Used for addition operations.
Activating Num Lock makes 4 operative.
Otherwise the cursor key is activated.
Activating Num Lock makes 5 operative.
Activating Num Lock makes 6 operative.
Otherwise the cursor key is activated.
4
Chapter: 4: Keyboard
Activating Num Lock makes 1 operative. Otherwise
end moves the cursor to the end of the line it is on.
Activating Num Lock makes 2 operative.
Otherwise the cursor key is activated.
Activating Num Lock makes 3 operative.
Otherwise page down is activated.
Activating Num Lock makes 0 operative. Otherwise the key)
functions to insert characters at the position of the cursor.
Used for decimal points. Otherwise it deletes characters
where the cursor IS positioned.
Enters commands or inserts invisible paragraph characters
Table 4-1: Function of Numeric Keypad Keys
Mode Indicator Lights
Chapter 4: Keyboard
In addition to the character, number and control keys, every keyboard
has three lights that indicate the typing mode. These lights and their
functions are explained as follows:
Figure 4-4: indicator Lights
Caps Lock
When this light is on, characters are in uppercase mode.
Num Lock
When this light is off, the cursor-control function of the numeric keypad
is disabled and the numeric mode is activated.
Scroll Lock
When this light is on, text can be scrolled without moving the cursor.
5
Special Keys
Chapter: 4: Keyboard
Below are some special keys on your keyboard.
Figure 4-5: Special Keys
Check out the above key functions in the table below and in Table 4-l.
Keys
Pressing this key together with the shift key will print all
data on the screen.
With Scroll Lock activated, you can move text vertically
in line units.
Pressing this key halts the current operation: pressing it
again allows operation to continue.
Moves the cursor for corrections, but the line
Skips to new line.
Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words.
Used with another key to execute a command.
Function
Table 4-2: Functions of Special Keys
6
QWERTY Keys
Chapter 4: Keyboard
These are the same keys which are used on a typewriter.
I
Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys
Keys
Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter.
Changes lowercase letters to capitals.
Moves cursor back one space and erases characters.
Pressing this key activates uppercase letters;
pressing it again activates lowercase letters.
Table 4-3: Functions of Special QWERTY Keys
Function
7
Cursor Keys
These keys move the cursor in the indicated direction.
Figure 4-7: Cursor Keys
Key Combinations
The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simultaneously.
Keys Function
I
Both keys should be used together stop a program
while it's running. Pressing any key
again allows you to continue
Both keys used together interrupt a
program while it’s running and identify
line where it stops.
There three keys reset the system so that
the machine is at the RAM test stage.
Table 4-4: Special Functions
I
I
8
Chapter: 4: Keyboard
4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment
Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled
out or pushed in to change the keyboard angles to suit you.
Figure 4-8: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles
Chapter 4: Keyboard
9
Troubleshooting
Chapter
Troubleshooting
In this chapter you will learn about:
■
the basics of how to solve software/hardware problems
when to get technical help for your computer
■
Your computer has been designed to last for years of optimum performance. But if some problems do occur, more likely than not you will be
able to solve them by referring to this chapter.
No matter whether you are a new or experienced user, you should
become familiar with the material in this chapter. For detailed explana-
tions of computer problems and how to solve them, you are urged to
buy personal computer troubleshooting books from your nearest
hardware or software dealer.
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
1
5-1 Command Problems
Often what appears to be a big problem is in fact just a matter of a small
oversight. Before taking your computer to the shop for major surgery,
check the following items:
Make sure that all devices (computer and peripherals)
have power and are turned on.
If you encounter a problem while you are working, stop
what you are doing immediately.
On paper, make notes of what is happening. List the
actions you have taken and the responses from the
computer. You may want to print a copy of the screen by
using the <Shift> + <PrtSc> keys combination.
Use the diagnostic software on your computer. Try to
find out the conditions under which the malfunction occurs. Try also to isolate where the problem is occurring.
Is it with a certain software program or with your
hardware? If the problem is with software, you should
probably talk to your software dealer. If the problem is
with the hardware, try to narrow down the source of the
problem. Is it your disks or disk drives? Keyboard?
Printer? Screen?
2
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
If some messages appear on the screen, refer to your
MS-DOS manual for an explanation of the message. You
may want to write down the message or print it out with
the <Shift> + <PrtSc> key combination. Problems (except blackouts) can be avoided if you run your system on
a dedicated electrical line. That is, ensure that your
computer and peripheral electric cords are not shared by
other appliances such as a refrigerator or air conditioner.
Also, it is highly advisable to purchase a surge suppres-
sor. This is a set of electric sockets enclosed in a single
housing. A surge suppressor prevents sudden pulses of
high electric power (spikes) from damaging the com-
puter. This appliance is inexpensive and can be purchased at any computer or electronic hardware store.
Are you using a startup disk?
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
Is your disk formatted?
Is the system configuration correct?
Are all the external and internal connectors are con-
nected well?
Make sure that you are running software compatible with
your display port, because some software programs can
only run on the MGA display mode.
Is the power fuse burned out?
If you have gone through the above checklist and your system still does
not function properly, check the following pages. The following instructions will help you solve some common problems. However, you
should be aware that other problems might stem from system software,
applications or other peripherals.
3
5-2 System Error Messages
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
Basically there are three levels of system error messages that you
might see displayed on your computer. These are related to the
software you use. The following are the ones most commonly encountered.
Software error messages are a result of:
l Software lockup; the application becomes stuck and the
cursor will not move. When this happens, remove your application program from the disk drive (unless a hard disk is
used) and reboot your computer.
contact your nearest software dealer.
l
Software crash;
text on the monitor or the cursor locks up. Try to reboot the
computer. If the problem persists, you will need to contact
the software dealer from whom you purchased the package.
He/she should replace the package, depending on the ser-
vice contract, or have it repaired.
Hardware error messages:
If the problem persists,
the application suddenly displays garbled
These messages are related to the computer’s internal components,
your monitor, mouse, or printer. Hardware problems are usually ones
that the user cannot solve alone. Professional services are therefore
required.
Error messages generated by MS-DOS, BASIC or other
high-level applications:
These messages relate to problems due to incorrect use or malfunction of a high-level application under which you might run your
software. It is still advisable to contact your software dealer for assistance with such problems.
Consult your dealer if you have any questions about troubleshooting.
4
Examples of System Error Messages
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
System crash
The cursor cannot be moved and does not respond to the keyboard.
This could indicate a software crash. Mark where you are in your
document. Reboot your system and reload your software. Scroll the
cursor to where you last saved your data. Retype the information up
to where the cursor could not be moved. Enter the rest of the data. If
the cursor continues to function normally, the problem was probably
caused by accidently pressing the wrong key. If the problem occurs
again, go over the same procedure.
If the problem persists, contact
your software dealer.
System does not boot
This can be caused by defective hardware or a faulty system disk.
Turn off your computer and try again. If unsuccessful, try using your
backup system disk because your working disk may be damaged.
If
the problem persists, you might have a hardware problem. You should
contact the dealer from whom you purchased your computer.
Monitor displays garbled, unrecognizable characters on the
screen
This usually indicates the monitor is set to an incorrect baud rate. Ask
your computer dealer the correct baud rate for the computer’s output
board. Locate the baud rate switches on your monitor and reset the
baud rate.
5
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