Cloud Solution for Web Applications
Dell Cloud Solution
for Web Applications
User Guide
Notes
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December 2010 Rev. A00
Contents
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 5
Cloud Definition ................................................................................................ 5
Joyent SmartMachine ....................................................................................... 5
Cloud Management ........................................................................................... 6
Solution Components ....................................................................................... 6
Hardware Components ................................................................................................. 7
Software Components .................................................................................................. 7
Measuring Consumption ............................................................................................. 11
Cloud Provisioning ...................................................................................................... 12
SMARTMACHINES ............................................................................... 13
Accessing a New SmartMachine ................................................................... 13
Starting and Stopping SmartMachines ......................................................... 15
Running Services ............................................................................................ 15
Managing Users .............................................................................................. 16
Creating Groups ......................................................................................................... 16
Creating Users ........................................................................................................... 16
Adding Users to Groups ............................................................................................. 16
CLOUD CONTROL ............................................................................... 17
Cloud Control Interface .................................................................................. 18
Login .......................................................................................................................... 18
Side Menu .................................................................................................................. 19
General ...................................................................................................................... 19
Contents | 3
Locations .................................................................................................................... 32
Rackables .................................................................................................................. 46
Network ...................................................................................................................... 78
OpenSolaris................................................................................................................ 91
Common Tasks ............................................................................................. 118
Setting up a SmartMachine (Zone) ........................................................................... 118
Deleting a SmartMachine (Zone) .............................................................................. 123
Monitoring a SmartMachine ...................................................................................... 128
USER PORTAL ................................................................................... 130
Accessing the User Portal ............................................................................ 130
User Portal Interface ..................................................................................... 130
Login ........................................................................................................................ 130
Creating SmartMachines .......................................................................................... 131
Customizing the Appearance of the User Portal ........................................ 133
Changing the Title of the User Portal Window ........................................................... 133
Providing Customized Online Help ........................................................................... 134
Using a Custom Logo ............................................................................................... 134
Task Summary ......................................................................................................... 134
GLOSSARY ......................................................................................... 137
GETTING HELP .................................................................................. 141
Contacting Dell .............................................................................................. 141
INDEX .................................................................................................. 142
Contents | 4
1
Introduction
The Dell Cloud Solution for Web Applicat i ons (DCSWA) is an optimized
private cloud solution for running virtual i z e d we b a ppl i c ations, databases, and
other compute nodes efficiently. The s ol uti on i nc ludes hardware, software, and
services and is highly scalable from the lab t o massive data centers.
The solution is offered as a turnkey package containing software, hardware, and
core services (i.e., installation and support).
Cloud Defini ti o n
In DCSWA, a cloud is define d as a collection of interconnected pods, racks, and
nodes. A pod is a collection of up to 12 racks, with ea c h ra c k conta i ni ng up to
15 compute nodes to handle a variety of web applications.
Each pod has an administration/provisioning server (PS) that manages the
compute nodes. In DCSWA, the Joyent Cloud Control (CC) softwa re
component is housed in the PS of one of the pods in the c loud. Performance and
redundancy are handled by scaling out the a ppl i c ation to multiple nodes in the
cloud.
Joyent SmartMachine
A SmartMachine, formerly called Accelerator, is a zone running on Joyent’s
SmartOS. It is a UNIX para-virtualized virtual machine (VM) that uses
dedicated server virtualizati on to mana ge fluctuating loads by bursting onto
additional CPUs that have available resources.
In addition to SmartMachines, the sol ut i on provide s the virtual Zeus Load
Balancer to enable scaling of the web application across multiple
SmartMachines. With a traditional multi-tiered web application, load balancers
can be inserted between all three tiers (web, applications, and database layers) to
provide performance and redundancy. An addi t i ona l MySQL optimized
SmartMachine is provided to facili t a te ra pi d de pl oyme nt of da tabase
components for applications. This set of Sm a rtMa chines represents the basis of
the platform as a service (PaaS) environment.
Introduction | 5
Cloud Management
The cloud is managed, maintained, se c ured, and backed up through software
components. The management components provide re porting, monitoring,
operating, and diagnostic functions a t bot h the cloud administrator and cloud
user levels. The solution defines a maintenance and backup/disaster recovery
methodology for both the SmartMachines a nd the infrastructure components.
Wrapped around all of these features are securit y fe a t ure s a nd m e t hodol ogies
that allow for secure multi-tenant operations.
Solution Com po nen ts
The solution comprises hardware a nd s oftware c om pone nt s , outlined below.
Figure 1. High-Level Solution Architecture
Introduction | 6
Hardware Compone nts
The hardware components include:
•
Administration/Provisioning Server
•
Compute Nodes
•
Network Infrastructure.
Administration/Provisioning Server
The administration/provisioning server provides the mult i pl e c l oud control, user
portal, and provisioning functions for the solut i on.
Compute Nodes
The compute nodes are a collection of client services that run on each physical
server except the infrastructure server. The services implement the components
of the stack that provision and monitor SmartMachi nes running on the nodes.
Network Infrastructure
The network infrastructure consist s of the c ol l e ction of top-of-rack (ToR)
switches and core switches that facilitate the connectivity between the
administration/provisioning s e rve r and re spective compute nodes, and the
networking infrastructure.
Software Components
The software components include:
•
Cloud Control
•
Cloud Management API
•
User Portal
•
Telemeter
Introduction | 7
Figure 2. Software Components
Cloud Control
In DCSWA, the administration portal is referred to as Cl oud Control. Cloud
Control manages cloud operations , including locations (datacenters), pods, racks,
rack-mountable devices (load balancers, servers, console servers, storage
devices, switches, appliances and routers), the network (IPs, subnets, and virtual
IPs), SmartMachines (zones), and customers.
Cloud Control also includes reporting for various objects in the cloud
infrastructure. Most Cloud Control functions focus on inventory management,
IP assignment, and assoc iati ons t o ot he r obj e c t s in t he dat ac ente r, that is,
managing servers and zones.
Introduction | 8
Figure 3. Cloud Control
Cloud Management API
This programmatic interface enables system integrators to access Cloud
Control’s functionality via a RESTful API.
Figure 4. Main Cloud Control Screen
Introduction | 9
User Portal
With the self-service user portal, you can perform certain tasks:
•
Create SmartMachines (up to your quota).
•
Reboot a SmartMachine.
•
Shutdown a SmartMachine.
•
Delete a SmartMachine.
NOTE:
Capacity can be added to an existing SmartMachine by an administrator using
Cloud Control, provided that there is available quota.
Figure 5. Sample Use r Portal Screen
Introduction | 10
Telemeter
The telemeter measures consumption. All te l emeter information is provided in
graphical form for each zone in Cloud Control.
Figure 6. Sample Telemeter Graphs
Measuring Consum ption
Measuring consumption is important i n both private and public clouds. In
private clouds, consumption measure ment supports departmental charge-backs.
In public clouds, consumption mea sure ment supports both the pay in advance
(subscriptions) and pay afterwards (invoic i ng) models.
Because consumption requirement s c an change over time, initially allocated
resources may no longer match needs. The re fore , it is critical to meter resource
allocations on an ongoing basis so that invoices and reports reflect actual use.
Consumption measurement is also val ua bl e for tra c ki ng t he amount of resourc e s
actually consumed (subset) versus the a mount a l l oc ated. Comparing the subset
to the full allocation can enable greater efficiencies. This is especially important
for service providers in capacity pla nning. The system provides measures of
consumption for both customers and service providers.
Introduction | 11
Cloud Provisionin g
Clouds must be created. This process, called cloud provisioning, requires several
steps.
1
Install the software.
2
Provision the network.
3
Execute the JumpStart.
4
Configure the head node.
5
Set up the global zone.
6
Set up compute node(s).
Cloud Control uses the Ubuntu Linux operating syst e m be c ause it is fast and
secure. Ubuntu is integrated into the software and is installed automatically.
Introduction | 12
2
SmartMachines
Accessing a New SmartMachine
When you provision a SmartMachine, Cloud Control creates several accounts
your client can use to access it. The client can choose to receive this login
information in a welcome email or access it t hrough the user portal.
Both the user portal and Cloud Control display the us e rna me , but not t he
password. If the client changes the passwords, the passwords di spl ayed in the
user portal or in Cloud Control will no longer be valid.
Figure 7. Credentials Display i n Departmental Operations Portal
SmartMachi nes | 13
account, and use su to log in as root:
Figure 8. Credentials Display in Cloud Control
System/Username Descriptions
System Username Description
root Root The system root user. You cannot log in as root through
SSH. Instead, access the SmartMachine through another
shell admin The system administrator. Use this account to access the
SmartMachine through SSH:
ssh admin@<smart-machine-name>
mysql root The root MySQL user. This is not the same as the
vs jill The user that controls the default virtual server (the
SmartMachi nes | 14
system root user.
server you reach when you access http://<smart-
machine-name>).
To do this…
Use this command…
List running services
svcs –a
List services that should
svcs -vx
Start a service
svcadm enable
<service>
Stop a service
svcadm disable <service
Restart a service
svcadm restart
<service>
Starting a nd S topp i ng S ma rtM achines
Use the user portal to start or stop SmartMachines.
The
Reboot
the machine. This button displays as the
successful.
Figure 9. Available Actions
button reboots a SmartMachine. The
Startup
Shutdown
button when shutdown is
button shuts down
Running Services
SmartMachines use Solaris Service Management Facility (SMF) to run services
such as the Apache web server and the MySQL server.
Common SMF commands:
be running but are not
>
SmartMachi nes | 15
Managing Users
Every SmartMachine user needs a unique name and must belong to at least one
sudo
group. To use the
To manage users and groups, log into your SmartMachi ne as admin or use su to
become the root user. If you log in as admin, run the comm a nds desc ribed in this
section with
sudo
Creating Groups
Solaris users are always members of one or more groups . Cre a t e groups so t hat a
set of users can share the same permissions across different files. For example,
create a web group for all files relating to a website.
To create a new group:
sudo groupadd <groupname>
You are asked for the password to the admin account. Once the password is
accepted, the group is created and there is no output to the console.
Verify that the group has been created by l ooki ng a t
grep <groupname> /etc/group
where
<groupname>
Creating Users
To add new users:
sudo useradd -d /home/<username> -m -g <group> -s
/usr/bin/bash <username>
Set the password for the new user with the following command:
sudo passwd <username>
command, the user must be a member of the staff group.
.
/etc/group
is the name you used in the initial
groupadd
:
command.
Adding Users to Groups
To change a user’s primary group:
sudo usermod -g <
To add a user to a supplemental group:
sudo usermod -G <groupname> <username>
SmartMachi nes | 16
groupname
> <
username
>
Cloud Control
Cloud Control manages all resources relat i ng t o a cloud. These i nc l ude :
•
Data centers (locations)
•
Pods (sets of racks)
•
Racks
•
Rack-mountable devices (load balancers, servers, console servers, storage
devices, switches, appliances and routers)
•
Network (IPs, subnets, and virtual IPs)
•
SmartMachines (ZFS dataset s and zone configurations)
•
Customers (users).
Select Cloud Control Function s
Feature Description
3
User Access Control Define user access
Account Administration Manage user access
Resource Management Manage disk and system allocation
Virtual Appliance
Management
Automated Resource
Deployment and
Reclamation
Reporting Capacity, utilization and health monitoring
SmartMachines
Capability to allocate system resources to mission-critical
workloads
Cloud Control | 17
their associated zones.
containers are created.
for Web Applications Administrator Guide.
Feature Description
RESTful API Joyent Cloud Control includes a RESTful private
API that connects private clouds with third party
services.
The private API provides access to the following:
Customers:
Containers: Zones
Templates: Predefined templates used to
Servers:
All API calls must use HTTP basic authentication
over SSL. All requests must include a shared
username and password. For information a bout
Cloud Control API, refer to the Dell Cloud Solution
Telemeter Telemeter provides static graphs at the server level.
For information about granular data at the zone
level, refer to the Collector Agent information in the
Dell Cloud Solution for Web Applications
Administrators Guide.
Company or department and
create a new container .
Physical servers where the
Cloud Contro l Interface
Login
To access Cloud Control, navigate to
http://
<ipaddressofadminnode>:
Field Description Format
Username The login name assigned to a
customer.
Cloud Control | 18
8080/admin/customers>
Text
.
Field Description Format
Password The login password associated
with the username.
Text
Minimum length=6 characters
NOTE:
The administrator username is admin, and the default password is joyadmin. The
ports are assigned as follows:
Port 8080 = Clou d C ontrol
Port 8081 = Clou d C ontrol AP I
Port 8082 = Customer 's API
Port 8083 = User Portal.
Side Menu
Use the Side Menu to access the different ele me nt s of Cl oud C ontrol .
Menu options are discussed in t he foll owing pa ges.
General
Cloud Control | 19
string.
Excel or save the file to disk.
customer
the customer
SmartMachines
Customers
The
Listing Custome rs
NOTE:
Customers will likely have multiple entries — one for each department within their
company. Using a common company name enables Cloud Control to logically group
information on repor ts.
Buttons
Button Action
Search Enter a customer or company name in the field and
page provides a list of all cus tom e rs.
click to display a subset of names matching the searc h
New Customer Open the
Download as CSV
Fields
Field Description Link Delivers
Customer Name Customer’s name Detailed information about the
Email Customer’s email address An email client addressed to
Zone
Count/Active
Cloud Control | 20
New Customer
page.
Initiate a file download of the customers listed. Open
the file by browsing to an application s uc h a s Microsoft
Total and active counts
of customer’s
Detailed information about the
customer’s SmartMachines
Field Description Link Delivers
Action
Edit customer data
Delete the customer
Customer details page in edit
mode
Delete confirmation dialogue
box
Cloud Control | 21
CustomersNew Customer
Use the
required input.
Fields
New Customer
NOTE:
You cannot create a customer with the same e-mail address or username as
an existing or deleted customer.
page to create customers.
Bold
field labels indicate
Field Description Format
First Name Customer’s first name Text
Last Name Customer’s last name Text
Email Address Customer’s email address Text
Alt. Email
Address
Cloud Control | 22
Customer’s alternate email
address
Text
Control do not observe quotas.
Name
second line
City
Customer’s city
Text
State
Customer’s state
Text
Field Description Format
Automatic
Provisioning
RAM Quota
in MB
Company
Street 1 Customer’s street address—
Street 2
Enables automatic provisioning
of the new customer
Quota of RAM allocated for all
of a customer’s provisioned
SmartMachines
The customer can portion the
quota as needed, e.g., a 512MB
quota can be allocated to one
512MB SmartMachine or two
256MB SmartMachines.
A quota of zero indicates
unlimited quota.
Quotas apply only to zones
created through the User Portal.
Zones created through Cloud
Customer’s company name Text
first line
Customer’s street address—
Checkbox
(recommended)
Number
Text
Text
Postal Code Customer’s postal code Text
Country Customer’s country Text
Phone Number Customer’s phone number Text
Comments Notes about the customer Text
Login Customer’s login use rna me Text
Cloud Control | 23
characters.
field entry.
can configure.
Field Description Format
Password Customer’s password Text
Minimum length is 6
Password
Confirmation
Customer’s password
confirmation
Text
Minimum length is 6
characters, and must
match the
Password
Role Customer’s role on the system Drop-down list
Only Admin account
NOTE:
When there is a problem with customer data, a red box displays at the top of the page.
When a customer is successfully created, a green box displays at the top of the
page.
Buttons
Button Action
Create Create a customer record.
Cancel Cancel the creation of a customer record.
Cloud Control | 24
zones for the customer.
field.
be made.
If the update fails, a red message displays.
CustomersNew Customer: Cloud Control Record
After a customer is successfully created, the
Buttons
Button Action
Search Enter a customer or company name in the field and
click to display a subset of names matching the searc h
string.
Customer
page displays.
Active Zones as CSV Download a comma -separated value file of all active
Extended Active
Zones as CSV
Map Address
Edit Display the customer details page so that changes can
Update Commit the updates. If the update is succe ssful , a
Download a comma-separated value file of all
extended active zones for the customer.
Display a Google map of the customer’s physica l
location based on the input derived from the address
green success message displays.
Cloud Control | 25
Customer
Customer name
Customer details page.
assigned, etc.)
False
= Zone is not reserved
Button Action
Cancel Cancel the changes to the customer record.
CustomersNew CustomerZone Information
The
Zone Information
detailed zone information.
Columns
Column Description Link Delivers
Name Zone name Zone details page
section of the
New Customer
page provides
IP Zone IP address NA
Configuration Template associated with the
Status
Reserved
Setup At Date stamp when zone was
Size Size in MB NA
Server Hostname Hostname
Cloud Control | 26
zone
Zone status (deactivated,
True
= Zone is reserved
set up
NA
NA
NA
NA
details page.
Name
box.
Column Description Link Delivers
Comments Comments relating to the
NA
zone
Action
Edit zone information
Send Welcome email
to zone owner
Delete zone
Zone details page in edit
mode
Confirmation message
Removes zone from display
without prompting for
confirmation
Buttons
Button Action
Assign Zone Remove the zone from the current customer and
transfer it to the customer listed in the
Assign Zone by
Create Create a new zone for the customer using the template
selected in the
list.
Create New Zone by Type
drop-down
CustomersNew Customer: Zone Usage
The
Zone Usage
section of the
New Customer
page provides detailed
information about zone usage.
Columns
Cloud Control | 27
Public IP
Public IP address
NA
created.
Column Description Link Delivers
Period Usage time period NA
Average Active
Zones
Average
Inactive Zones
Average Active
RAM in MB
Average
Inactive RAM
Average number of active zones
during the time period
Average number of inactive zones
during the time period
Average amount of active RAM (in
MB) during the time period
Average amount of inactive RAM (in
MB) during the time period
NA
NA
NA
NA
in MB
CustomersNew Customer: Virtual IP’s
Columns
Column Description Link Delivers
Created At Date and time the virtual IP was
Updated At Date and time the virtual IP was last
Setup At Date and time the virtual IP wa s set up. NA
Buttons
Cloud Control | 28
NA
NA
updated.
IP
address field.
Button Action
Create Create a virtual IP with the address entered in the
Public
Cloud Control | 29
to display a subset of names matching the s earc h st ring.
page
Company
Customer’s company name
NA
customer
Total RAM
Total RAM for the customer
NA
CustomersSold
Click
Sold
in the side menu to display the
page.
Buttons
Button Action
Search Enter a customer or company name in the field and click
Columns
Column Description Link Delivers
Customer Customer’s first and la st na me Customer details
Sales Report for Al l Customers
Active Zones Number o f active zones for the
Small
Protemplate
Cloud Control | 30
Number of this type of template in
use by the customer
NA
NA
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