Auxiliary Power Supplies for LCD TV, LCD Monitor,
Personal Computer, and White Goods
Description
A Valley Switching Converter (VSC) generally shows
lower EMI and higher power conversion efficiency than
a conventional hard-switched converter with a fixed
switching frequency. The FSQ510 (H or M) is an
integrated valley switching pulse width modulation (VSPWM) controller and SenseFET specifically designed
for offline switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) for
valley switching with minimal external components. The
VS-PWM controller includes an integrated oscillator,
under-voltage lockout (UVLO), leading-edge blanking
(LEB), optimized gate driver, internal soft-start,
temperature-compensated precise current sources for
loop compensation, and self-protection circuitry.
Compared with discrete MOSFET and PWM controller
solutions, the FSQ510 (H or M) can reduce total cost,
component count, size and weight; while simultaneously
increasing efficiency, productivity, and system reliability.
This device provides a platform for cost-effective designs
of a valley switching flyback converters.
Ordering Information
Operating
Part
Number
FSQ510 7-DIP
FSQ510H 8-DIP
FSQ510M 7-MLSOP
For Fairchild’s definition of “green” Eco Status, please visit: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/company/green/rohs_green.html.
Notes:
1. The junction temperature can limit the maximum output power.
2. 230V
3. Typical continuous power with a Fairchild charger evaluation board described in this datasheet in a non-
4. Maximum practical continuous power for auxiliary power supplies in an open-frame design at 50°C ambient temperature.
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
V
str
V
fb
FSQ510H
Sync
GND
Figure 3. Package Diagrams for FSQ510(M) and FSQ510H
Pin Definitions
7-Pin 8-Pin Name Description
1, 2
3 2 V
4 3 Sync
5 7 V
7 8 D High-voltage power SenseFET drain connection.
8 1 V
4, 5, 6 GND This pin is the control ground and the SenseFET source.
This pin is internally connected to the inverting input of the PWM
comparator. The collector of an opto-coupler is typically tied to this
fb
pin. For stable operation, a capacitor should be placed between this
pin and GND. If the voltage of this pin reaches 4.7V, the overload
protection triggers, which shuts down the FPS.
This pin is internally connected to the sync-detect comparator for
valley switching. In normal valley-switching operation, the threshold of
the sync comparator is 0.7V/0.1V.
CC
This pin is the positive supply input. This pin provides internal
operating current for both startup and steady-state operation.
This pin is connected directly, or through a resistor, to the highvoltage DC link. At startup, the internal high-voltage current source
str
supplies internal bias and charges the external capacitor connected
to the V
pin. Once VCC reaches 8.7V, the internal current source is
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be
operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended.
In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device
reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only.
Symbol Parameter Min. Max. Unit
V
V
STR
V
Drain Pin Voltage 700 V
DS
V
Supply Voltage 20 V
CC
V
FB
V
Sync Pin Voltage -0.3 6.5 V
Sync
P
Total Power Dissipation
D
T
J
T
Storage Temperature -55 +150
STG
Notes:
5. V
is internally clamped at 6.5V (I
FB
6. The maximum value of the recommended operating junction temperature is limited by thermal shutdown.
Pin Voltage 500 V
str
Feedback Voltage Range
7-DIP
7-MLSOP
-0.3
1.38
Internally
Clamped
(5)
8-DIP 1.47
Maximum Junction Temperature +150
Recommended Operating Junction
Temperature
(6)
CLAMP_MAX
<100uA) which has a tolerance between 6.2V and 7.2V.
-40 +140
V
W
°C
°C
Thermal Impedance
TA=25°C unless otherwise specified. Items are tested with the standards JESD 51-2 and 51-10 (DIP).
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
7-DIP, 7-MLSOP
θJA Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Impedance
θJC Junction-to-Case Thermal Impedance
8-DIP
θJA Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Impedance
θJC Junction-to-Case Thermal Impedance
Notes:
7. Free-standing with no heatsink; without copper clad; measurement condition - just before junction temperature
T
enters into TSD.
J
8. Measured on the DRAIN pin close to plastic interface.
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
1. Startup: At startup, an internal high-voltage current
source supplies the internal bias and charges the
external capacitor (C
illustrated in Figure 13. When V
) connected to the VCC pin, as
a
reaches 8.7V, the
CC
FPS begins switching and the internal high-voltage
current source is disabled. The FPS continues normal
switching operation and the power is supplied from the
auxiliary transformer winding unless V
goes below the
CC
stop voltage of 6.7V.
V
DC
C
a
6.7V/
8.7V
V
CC
5
I
CH
VCC good
V
str
8
V
ref
Internal
Bias
Figure 13. Startup Block
2. Feedback Control: This device employs current-
mode control, as shown in Figure 14. An opto-coupler
(such as the FOD817) and shunt regulator (such as the
KA431) are typically used to implement the feedback
network. Comparing the feedback voltage with the
voltage across the R
resistor makes it possible to
sense
control the switching duty cycle. When the reference pin
voltage of the shunt regulator exceeds the internal
reference voltage of 2.5V, the opto-coupler LED current
increases, pulling down the feedback voltage and
reducing the drain current. This typically occurs when the
input voltage is increased or the output load is decreased.
2.1 Pulse-by-Pulse Current Limit: Because current-
mode control is employed, the peak current through the
SenseFET is limited by the inverting input of PWM
comparator (V
*), as shown in Figure 14. Assuming
FB
that the 225µA current source flows only through the
internal resistor (6R + R=12.6kΩ), the cathode voltage
of diode D2 is about 2.8V. Since D1 is blocked when
the feedback voltage (V
) exceeds 2.8V, the maximum
FB
voltage of the cathode of D2 is clamped at this voltage,
clamping V
*. Therefore, the peak value of the current
FB
through the SenseFET is limited.
2.2 Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB): At the instant the
internal SenseFET is turned on, a high-current spike
usually occurs through the SenseFET, caused by
primary-side capacitance and secondary-side rectifier
reverse recovery. Excessive voltage across the R
sense
resistor would lead to incorrect feedback operation in
the current mode VS-PWM control. To counter this
effect, the FPS employs a leading-edge blanking
(LEB) circuit to inhibit the VS-PWM comparator for a
short time (t
V
FOD817
O
KA431
) after the SenseFET is turned on.
LEB
V
V
ref
ref
I
delay
V
fb
3
D1D 2
OB
V
SD
VS signal
I
FB
OSC
6R
+
*
V
R
fb
-
OLP
Gate
driver
SenseFET
R
sense
Figure 14. Valley Switching Pulse-Width
Modulation (VS-PWM) Circuit
3. Synchronization: The FSQ510 (H or M) employs a
valley-switching technique to minimize the switching
noise and loss. The basic waveforms of the valley
switching converter are shown in Figure 15. To
minimize the MOSFET switching loss, the MOSFET
should be turned on when the drain voltage reaches its
minimum value, as shown in Figure 15. The minimum
drain voltage is indirectly detected by monitoring the
V
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
4. Protection Circuits: The FSQ510 (H or M) has two
self-protective functions, overload protection (OLP) and
thermal shutdown (TSD). The protections are
implemented as auto-restart mode. Once the fault
condition is detected, switching is terminated and the
SenseFET remains off. This causes V
V
B
B falls down to the under-voltage lockout (UVLO) stop
CC
to fall. When
CC
most applications. This protection is implemented in
auto-restart mode.
V
FB
4.7V
Overload Protection
voltage of 6.7V, the protection is reset and the startup
circuit charges the V
capacitor. When VCC reaches
CC
the start voltage of 8.7V, the FSQ510 (H or M) resumes
normal operation. If the fault condition is not removed,
the SenseFET remains off and V
drops to stop
CC
2.8V
voltage again. In this manner, the auto-restart can
alternately enable and disable the switching of the
power SenseFET until the fault condition is eliminated.
Because these protection circuits are fully integrated
into the IC without external components, reliability is
improved without increasing cost.
Fault
V
Power
ds
on
occurs
Fault
removed
t
1
Figure 17. Overload Protection
4.2 Thermal Shutdown (TSD): The SenseFET and the
t12= CB•(4.7-2.8)/I
delay
t
2
t
control IC on a die in one package make it easy for the
control IC to detect the abnormal over temperature of
the SenseFET. If the temperature exceeds
approximately 140°C, the thermal shutdown triggers
and the FPS stops operation. The FPS operates in
auto-restart mode until the temperature decreases to
V
CC
8.7V
6.7V
around 80°C, when normal operation resumes.
5. Soft-Start: The FPS has an internal soft-start circuit
that increases the VS-PWM comparator inverting input
voltage, together with the SenseFET current, slowly
after it starts up. The typical soft-start time is 5ms. The
pulse width to the power switching device is
progressively increased to establish the correct working
conditions for transformers, inductors, and capacitors.
t
Normal
operation
Fault
situation
Normal
operation
Figure 16. Auto Restart Protection Waveforms
4.1 Overload Protection (OLP): Overload is defined as
the load current exceeding its normal level due to an
unexpected event. In this situation, the protection circuit
should trigger to protect the SMPS. However, even
when the SMPS is in the normal operation, the overload
protection circuit can be triggered during the load
transition. To avoid this undesired operation, the
overload protection circuit is designed to trigger only
after a specified time to determine whether it is a
transient situation or a true overload situation. Because
of the pulse-by-pulse current limit capability, the
maximum peak current through the SenseFET is limited
and, therefore, the maximum input power is restricted
with a given input voltage. If the output consumes more
than this maximum power, the output voltage (V
The voltage on the output capacitors is progressively
increased with the intention of smoothly establishing the
required output voltage. This helps prevent transformer
saturation and reduces stress on the secondary diode
during startup.
6. Burst-Mode Operation: To minimize power
dissipation in standby mode, the FPS enters burstmode operation. As the load decreases, the feedback
voltage decreases. As shown in Figure 18, the device
automatically enters burst mode when the feedback
voltage drops below V
(750mV). At this point,
BURL
switching stops and the output voltages start to drop at
a rate dependent on standby current load. This causes
the feedback voltage to rise. Once it passes V
(850mV), switching resumes. The feedback voltage
then falls and the process repeats. Burst mode
alternately enables and disables switching of the
SenseFET, reducing switching loss in standby mode.
)
o
BURH
decreases below the set voltage. This reduces the
current through the opto-coupler LED, which also
reduces the opto-coupler transistor current, increasing
the feedback voltage (V
blocked and the 5µA current source starts to charge C
slowly up
In this condition, VFB continues increasing
.
). If VFB exceeds 2.8V, D1 is
FB
B
until it reaches 4.7V, when the switching operation is
terminated, as shown in Figure 17. The delay time for
shutdown is the time required to charge C
from 2.8V to
B
4.7V with 5µA. A 20 ~ 50ms delay time is typical for
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
Vo
set
Vo
V
FB
0.85V
0.75V
I
ds
V
ds
time
t
1
Switching
disabled
Switching
disabled
t3t
2
t
4
Figure 18. Burst-Mode Operation
7. Advanced Valley Switching Operation: To
minimize switching loss and Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI), the MOSFET turns on when the
drain voltage reaches its minimum value in VS
converters. Due to the Discontinuous Conduction Mode
(DCM) operation, the feedback voltage is not changed,
despite the DC link voltage ripples, if the load condition
is not changed. Since the slope of the drain current is
changed depending on the DC link voltage, the turn-on
duration of MOSFET is variable with the DC link voltage
ripples. The switching period is changed continuously
with the DC link voltage ripples. Not only the switching
at the instant of the minimum drain voltage, but also the
continuous change of the switching period, reduces
EMI. V
converters inherently scatter the EMI spectrum.
S
Typical products for VSC turn the MOSFET on when the
first valley is detected. In this case, the range of the
switching frequency is very wide as a result of the load
variations. At a very light-load, for example, the
switching frequency can be as high as several hundred
kHz. Some products for VSC, such as Fairchild’s
FSCQ-series, define the turn-on instant of SenseFET
change at the first valley into at the second valley, when
the load condition decreases under its predetermined
level. The range of switching frequency narrows
somewhat. For details, consult an FSCQ-series
datasheet, such as:
The range of the switching frequency can be limited
tightly in FSQ-series. Because a kind of blanking time
(t
) is adopted, as shown in Figure 19, the switching
B
frequency has minimum and maximum values.
Once the SenseFET is enabled, the next start is
prohibited during the blanking time (t
). After the
B
blanking time, the controller finds the first valley within
the duration of the valley detection window time (t
(case A, B, and C). If no valley is found in t
internal SenseFET is forced to turn on at the end of t
, the
W
)
W
B
W
(case D). Therefore, FSQ510, FSQ510H, and
FSQ510M have minimum switching frequency of
94.3kHz and maximum switching frequency of 132kHz,
typically, as shown in Figure 20.
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
Package Dimensions
Figure 21. 7-Lead, Dual In-line Package (DIP)
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers consi deri ng Fai rc hi l d components. Drawings may change in any manner
without notice. Pl ease note the revision and/or date on the drawing and c ontact a Fairchild Semiconductor representat i ve to verify
or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically
the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products.
Always visi t Fai rchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings:
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
6.67
6.096
8.255
7.61
3.60
3.00
3.683
3.20
0.356
0.20
5.08 MAX
0.33 MIN
(0.56)
2.54
0.56
0.355
1.65
1.27
7.62
NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
A) THIS PACKAGE CONFORMS TO
JEDEC MS-001 VARIATION BA
B) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
C) DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF BURRS,
MOLD FLASH, AND TIE BAR EXTRUSIONS.
D) DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANC
ES PER
ASME Y14.5M-1994
E) DRAWING FILENAME AND REVSION: MKT-N08FREV2.
7.62
9.957
7.87
Figure 22. 8-Lead, Dual In-line Package (DIP)
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers consi deri ng Fai rc hi l d components. Drawings may change in any manner
without notice. Pl ease note the revision and/or date on the drawing and c ontact a Fairchild Semiconductor representat i ve to verify
or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically
the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products.
Always visi t Fai rchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings:
FSQ510, FSQ510H, and FSQ510M — Green Mode Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Valley Switching Converter
MKT-MLSOP07ArevA
Figure 23. 7-Lead, MLSOP
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers consi deri ng Fai rc hi l d components. Drawings may change in any manner
without notice. Pl ease note the revision and/or date on the drawing and c ontact a Fairchild Semiconductor representat i ve to verify
or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically
the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products.
Always visi t Fai rchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: