Features ..............................................................................................................................................................................................3
Explanation of Action ...................................................................................................................................................................4
Common Refrigerant Valve and Coil Specifications...........................................................................................................6
Technical leaflet Pulse Motor Expansion Valves, Type KV
4800
Pulse
Flow
Max
4800
Pulse
Flow
Max
4800
Pulse
Flow
Max
abc
VPX-3415BPC
2.62
PKV-18BS
Capacity (U.S.R.T)
0
3
VPX-3408BPC
1.40
VPX-3405BPC
0.87
VPX-3403BPC
0.52
Our mechanical
expansion valves
Our pulse motor
expansion valves
(capacity ..... R407C)
3.0
Introduction As environmental consciousness is being raised
and global warming concerns are bringing ever
more stringent regulations, the demand is
quickly growing for energy-saving cooling and
heating devices in household and commercial
applications, including cold storage warehouses
and, rapid freezing devices.
The KV series of stepper motor expansion valves
have been solidly respected in Japanese markets
since 1982. Danfoss Saginomiya offers KV series
pulse motor expansion valves for numerous
applications. KV reliability has been extensively
field proven.
Features
Wide selection for refrigeration and air •
conditioning applications
Compatible with various refrigerants: •
R-410A, R-407C, R-134a, R-404A, R-22
Stepper motor drive provides high-precision •
flow control
A range of full closing valve types is available •
that generally require no solenoid valve
Compact and lightweight design•
Power-saving design requires no energy for •
stopping.
Ideally suited for microcomputer control•
Unipolar drive system (for bipolar drive, please •
contact us)
Bi-flow design for heat pump applications•
UKV, SKV, VKV, AKV: UL recognized•
High resolution: 480 steps from fully closed •
to fully open
KV valves have excellent flow characteristics, including high resolution at low load. •
In KV valves that have an inflected flow characteristic as shown in (a) and (c), the flow per pulse
has one rate for low flow and a higher rate for greater flow. With these valves, fine control can be
accomplished with a low load (low flow). Full closing KV valves having a flow characteristic (b), (c)
are available with inflected flow characteristic or continuous flow characteristic, the latter having
very nearly the same change in flow rate per pulse.
In operation of the KV valve, the magnet-needle valve assembly is rotated by the stepper motor
(principle described in next paragraph) and by means of a screw structure has linear motion, opening
and closing to regulate refrigerant flow. This simple structure results in compact products.
Operation Principle I
Figs.1-1 and 1-2 show a vertical cross section of the coils (upper coil (A and A) and lower coil (B and
B). Each coil comprises a clockwise winding A, B and a counterclockwise winding A, B. Each coil has 3
terminals. Fig.1-3 shows the arangement of the stators that surround the armature. The polarities of the
magnetic poles change depending on the direction of current flow.
Technical leaflet Pulse Motor Expansion Valves, Type KV
Fig.2-1
A Phase
Upper tooth
Lower tooth
B Phase
Upper tooth
Lower tooth
N
N N
S
N
S
S
A Phase
S
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
AB Phase
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
AB Phase
S
S
N
N
N
N
S
S
N
N
S
S
AB Phase
N
N
S
S
S
N
N
S
N
S
N
N
N
S
S
B Phase
S
S
S
N
N
AB Phase
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
N
A Phase
S
N
N
S
S
S
N
N
B Phase
S
Fig.2-2
Operation Principle II
This section explains the rotation of the permanent magnet rotor. The rotor has 24 poles, but the
following explanation is simplified by dealing with only 4 of the poles.
Fig.2-1 shows a vertical cross section through the stator. It shows the positional relation of the stator
magnetic poles with the horizontal sectional diagram in Fig.2-2. In Fig.2-1, j shows the upper teeth of
phase A, k shows the lower teeth of phase A, l shows the upper teeth of phase B, and m shows the
lower teeth of phase B.
Assume that a current flows to phase A as a pulse. The polarities in Fig. (I) are generated in the stator to
stabilize the rotor with an arrow facing upward. When feeding a current to phase AB by sending a pulse,
the polarities are as shown in Fig. (II) causing the rotor to turn 22.5 degrees. When a subsequent current
pulse is sent to phase B, the polarities are as shown in Fig. (III) causing the rotor to turn a further 22.5
degrees. By feeding pulses sequentially, one cycle is composed of 8 pulses, and the rotor rotates 180
grees in this figure. (A KV valve, remember, actually has 24 poles, so that the rotor rotates one sixth as far
as in our example, or 30 degrees with every cycle. )
Maximum working pressure: 609 psi (4.2 MPa)
Ambient temperature: -22 to 140oF (-30 to 60oC)
Type PKV: -58 to 140
o
Fluid Temperature: -22 to 248
F (-30 to 12oC)
o
F (-50 to 60oC)
Type AKV: -22 to 266oF (-30 to 130oC)
Type PKV: -58 to 140oF (-50 to 60oC)
Ambient humidity 95% RH or less
Modulation: Permanent magnet type direct operating stepper motor
Excitation method: 1-2 phase
Excitation speed: 31.3 pps +10%
Operating range: 0 to 480 pulses
Intialization: Phase A COM (+)
Technical leaflet Pulse Motor Expansion Valves, Type KV
Selection Method
If the operating conditions of the unit are known, a KV valve can be selected easily according to the
capacity – valve opening graph given on the next page.
Let’s select an optimum pulse motor expansion valve for the operating conditions shown at the bottom of
this page.
1) Calculate the required maximum refrigerating capacity of the unit (normally, the capacity just after
starting).
Enter the R-407C correction factor table in the row for evaporating temperature (-22˚F) and condensing
temperature (72˚F) , and in the column for the subcool temperature (54˚F) , and at their intersection
find the correction factor (1.39). Then calculate the required maximum capacity (19.1kW) of the unit by
dividing the refrigerating capacity (26.5kW) by the correction factor.
2) Calculate the required minimum refrigerating capacity of the unit (normally, the capacity just after
stopping operation).
Enter the table in the row for the evaporating temperature (-58˚F) and condensing temperature
(104˚F) , and in the column for the subcool temperature (72˚F) , and at their intersection find the
correction factor (1.47). Then calculate the required minimum capacity (10.6kW) of the unit by dividing the
refrigerating capacity (15.6kW) by the correction factor.
3) Selection of pulse motor expansion valves
Pulse motor expansion valves PKV-30BS and PKV-24BS can have refrigerating capacity larger than the
required maximum capacity of the unit at maximum opening 480 pulses. When comparing the valve
opening width between the maximum load and the minimum load with each other, it is 80 pulses in
PKV-30BS and 200 pulses in PKV-24BS. Select PKV-24BS in this case because the valve opening width
between the maximum load and minimum load is wider (high resolution).
Aimed refrigerating temperature: - 40oF
Kind of refrigerant used: R407C
Operating
conditions of unit
Condensing temp
(CT)
Sub cool (SC) 54
Evaporating temp
(ET)
Required capacity
Just after starting operation Just after terminating operation
Technical leaflet Pulse Motor Expansion Valves, Type KV
0.18
Catalog No.
Port
Size
(
inch)
Capacity
kW {U.S.R.T.}
Connection (Solder)
(inch)
Operating Pressure
Differential, B to A
psi {MPa}
Wt.
(kg)
R744B sideA side
0.25 OD0.25 OD0 to 1450 {0 to 10}
Valve shut press.
on, A to B
flow directionflow direction
(MPa) {psi}
Capacity: Based on inlet temp.=100°F
[38˚C]
, ET=41°F
[5˚F],
inlet pressure=
1378psi[
9.5MPa
] andSH=0°K[0°C]
*1
*1*1*2
5.95{1.69}UKV–J14D0.06
UKV-J
0.26A / Phase
Current (at 68˚F[20˚C])
12V DC
±10%
Rated voltage
Type
46 ± 3 Ω
(at 68˚F[20˚C])
Direct current resistance
IP66
Enclosure
Class E MoldedInsulation class
239˚F[115˚C] or less by rated voltage,
temperature - resistance method.
Max. coil temperature
B Side
Conn.
A Side
Conn.
*1
*1 Refer to the following fig. *2 Weight includes a coil.
B to A flow direction
A to B flow direction
Hot water storage unit side
Relief valve
Type VSV/WSV
Pressure
reducing valve
Type CRV
Hydrothermal
exchanger
Air heat
exchanger
Tank
Comp.
Defrost
Solenoid valve
Pressure control
Type CCB
Type HPV
Motorized
control valve
Type UKV-J
Heat pump unit side
Mixing
valve
Water
Supply
Hot Water
Supply
Pump
Hot water
irrigation
Water
irrigation
CO
Application
2
Specifications
Maximum working pressure: 2175 psi (15 MPa)
Ambient temperature: -22 to 158oF (-30 to 70oC)
Fluid temperature: -22 to 148oF (-30 to 70oC)
Ambient humidity 95% RH or less
Motor and Drive Specifications
Valve Specifications
Coil Specifications
Application Examples
CO2 Hot Water Supply Unit
Modulation: Permanent magnet type direct operating stepper motor
Excitation method: 1-2 phase
Excitation speed: 31.3 pps +10%
Operating range: 0 to 480 pulses
Intialization: Phase A COM (+)