Casio fx-991W, fx-570W, fx-115W, fx-100W User Manual

Download

fx-100W fx-115W fx-570W fx-991W

User’s Guide Guía del usuario Mode d’emploi Bedienungsanleitung Guida dell’utilizzatore

E S F G I

ENGLISH

Removing and Replacing the Calculator’s Cover

• To Remove the cover

Grasp the top of the cover, and slide the unit out from the bottom.

• To Replace the cover

Grasp the top of the cover, and slide the unit in from the bottom.

Always slide the unit into the cover with the unit’s display end first. Never slide the keyboard end of the unit into the cover.

Safety Precautions

Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later reference.

Caution

This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in personal injury or material damage if ignored.

Batteries

• After removing the batteries from the calculator, put

them in a safe place where there is no danger of them getting into the hands of small children and accidently swallowed.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If

accidently swallowed, consult with a physician immediately.

• Never charge batteries, try to take batteries apart, or

allow batteries to become shorted. Never expose batteries to direct heat or dispose of them by incineration.

• Misuse of batteries can cause them to leak acid that

can cause damage to nearby items and creates the possibility of fire and personal injury.

•Always make sure that a battery’s positive

•Remove the batteries if you do not plan to use the

•Use only the type of batteries specified for this cal-

l sides are facing correctly when you

negative load it into the calculator.

calculator for a long time.

culator in this manual.

Disposing of the Calculator

• Never dispose of the calculator by burning it. Doing

so can cause certain components to suddenly burst, creating the danger of fire and personal injury.

k and

E-1

• The displays and illustrations (such as key markings)

shown in this User’s Guide are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent.

• The contents of this manual are subject to change

without notice.

• In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be li-

able to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

Handling Precautions

• Be sure to press the P button on the back of the cal-

culator (step 6 on page 35 or 36) before using it for the first time ( fx-570W/ fx-100W ).

• Be sure to press the 5 key before using the calcula-

tor for the first time (

• Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace

the battery at least once every three years for the fx-570W/ two years for the fx-100W.

Dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave the dead batter y in the calculator.

fx-991W/ fx-115W, or at least once every

• The battery that comes with the calculator when you

purchase it is for testing only. It may not provide full service life.

• Low battery power can cause memory contents to

become corrupted or lost completely. Always keep written records of all important data.

fx-991W/ fx-115W ).

E-2

• Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to tempera-

ture extremes.

Very low temperatures can cause slow display response, total failure of the display, and shortening of battery life. Also avoid leaving the calculator in direct sunlight, near a window, near a heater or anywhere else it might become exposed to very high temperatures. Heat can cause discoloration or deformation of the calculator’s case, and damage to internal circuitry.

• Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to large

amounts of humidity and dust.

Ta ke care never to leave the calculator where it might be splashed by water or exposed to large amounts of humidity or dust. Such elements can damage internal circuitry.

• Never drop the calculator or otherwise subject it to

strong impact.

• Never twist or bend the calculator.

Avoid carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trousers or other tight-fitting clothing where it might be subjected to twisting or bending.

• Never try to take the calculator apar t.

• Never press the keys of the calculator with a ball-point

pen or other pointed object.

• Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the unit.

If the calculator becomes very dirty, wipe it off with a cloth moistened in a weak solution of water and a mild neutral household detergent. Wring out all excess moisture before wiping the calculator. Never use thinner, benzine or other volatile agents to clean the calculator. Doing so can remove printed markings and damage the case.

E-3

Contents

Safety Precautions .......................................... 1

Handling Precautions ....................................... 2

Two-line Display ............................................... 5

Key Layout ........................................................ 6

Before Starting Calculations... ....................... 8

kModes .................................................................... 8

kInput Capacity ........................................................ 9

kMaking Corrections Dur ing Input ........................... 9

kReplay Function ..................................................... 9

kError Locator ........................................................ 10

kExponential Display Formats ............................... 10

kAnswer Memory ................................................... 10

Basic Calculations ......................................... 11

Memory Calculations ..................................... 11

kIndependent Memory ........................................... 11

kVari ables .............................................................. 11

Fraction Calculations ..................................... 12

kFr action Calculations ........................................... 12

kDecimal-to-Fraction Conversion ........................... 12

kFraction-to-Decimal Conversion .......................... 12

Percentage Calculations ................................ 13

Scientific Function Calculations ................... 14

kTr igonometric/Inverse Trigonometric Functions .... 14

kHyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ............ 14

kAngle Unit Conversion ......................................... 15

kCommon and Natural Logarithms/

Antilogarithms ...................................................... 15

kSquare Roots, Cube Roots, Roots, Squares,

Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials,

Random Numbers and π .......................................... 15

kFIX, SCI, RND ..................................................... 16

kENG Calculations ................................................ 17

kInputting ENG Calculation Symbols ..................... 17

kCoordinate Conversion

kPermutation .......................................................... 19

kCombination ......................................................... 19

(Pol(x, y), Rec (r, θ)) ............

E-4

Statistical Calculations ..................................19

kStandard Deviation (SD Mode) ............................ 19

kProbability Distribution Calculations ................... 20

kRegression Calculations (REG Mode) ................. 21

Complex Number Calculations

(CMPLX Mode) ............................................... 23

kAbsolute Value/Argument Calculation .................. 24

Formula Memory ............................................ 24

Metric Conversions (fx-570W/ fx-991W ) ....... 25

Scientific Constants (fx-570W/ fx-991W ) ...... 26

Base-n Calculations ...................................... 28

Integration Calculations ................................. 30

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations .... 30

Technical Information..................................... 31

kWhen you have a problem...... ............................. 31

kError Messages ................................................... 31

kOrder of Operations ............................................. 32

kStacks .................................................................. 33

kPower Supply ....................................................... 34

kInput Ranges ....................................................... 37

Specifications ................................................ 39

Two-line Display

You can simultaneously check the calculation formula and its answer.

The first line displays the calculation formula. The second line displays the answer.

E-5

Key Layout

fx-570W

16 29

LOGIC

DEC OCTHEX

REPLAY

CONV

29 15 29 15 29

-1

sin

Page

Page Page

18 24

SHIFT

ALPHA

25 25 15 16

25 30 2716 16 15

17 12 1615 15 15

11 30 11 1111 14 11 14 11

11 30 1414 14 20 24 24 1121 24 20 11 11 11

DISTR Re

<->

lm argr Abs

11 11 1111 11

21 17 21 1721 17 9 11 19

BINS

MODE

BIN

-1

cos

McI

tan

M-

DT CL

OFF

-1

2020

ScI

Page Page

21 17 21 1721 17 19 19

Page

19 17 19 1719 17 21 18 21 18

Page

16 1616 15 13

Rnd Ran#

Page

11 10

CONV

fx-100W:

E-6

nPr nCr

Pol(

DRG

Rec(

Key Layout

fx-991W

16 29

LOGIC

DEC OCTHEX

REPLAY

CONV

29 15 29 15 29

-1

sin

Page

Page Page

18 24

SHIFT

ALPHA

25 25 15 16

25 30 2716 16 15

17 12 1615 15 15

11 30 11 1111 14 11 14 11

11 30 1414 14 20 24 24 1121 24 20 11 11 11

DISTR Re

<->

lm argr Abs

11 11 1111 11

21 17 21 1721 17 9 11 19

BINS

MODE

BIN

-1

cos

McI

tan

M-

DT CL

-1

2020

ScI

Page Page

21 17 21 1721 17 19 19

Page

19 17 19 1719 17 21 18 21 18

Page

16 1616 15 13

Rnd Ran#

Page

CONV

fx-115W:

E-7

nPr nCr

Pol(

DRG

Rec(

Before Starting Calculations...

k Modes

Application

Calculation Modes

Normal calculations COMP –

Complex number calculations

Standard deviation calculations

Regression calculations REG REG Base-n calculations BASE-N b (binary)

Angle Unit Modes

Degrees DEG R Radians RAD T Grads GRA B

Display Modes

Exponential notation (Canceling FIX and SCI specification)

Number of decimal place specification

Number of significant digit specification

Exponential display range specifications

Note!

•Mode indicators appear in the lower part of the display, except for the Baseponent part of the display.

• The ENG mode cannot be selected while the calculator is in the CMPLX or BASE-N mode.

n indicators which appear in the ex-

Mode Mode Name Indicator

CMPLX CMPLX

SD SD

NORM1 – NORM2 –

FIX Fix

SCI Sci

ENG ENG

E-8

o (octal) d (decimal) H (hexadecimal)

•You cannot set the angle unit or the display mode while the calculator is in the BASE-N mode.

• The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG modes can be used in combination with the angle unit modes.

•Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG, COMP, CMPLX) and angle unit mode (DEG, RAD, GRA) before beginning a calculation.

k Input Capacity

• The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79 “steps.” Whenever you input the 73rd step of any calculation, the cursor changes from “_” to “k” to let you know memory is running low. If you still need to input more, you should divide your calculation into two or more parts.

k Making Corrections During Input

•Use e and r to move the cursor to the location you want.

[ to delete the number or function at the current

•Press cursor position.

A K to change to an insert cursor t. Inputting

•Press something while the insert cursor is on the display inserts the input at the insert cursor position.

e, r, A K, or = returns to the normal cur-

•Press sor from the insert cursor.

k Replay Function

•Pressing r or e recalls the last calculation you performed. You can then make any changes you want in the calculation and re-execute it.

•Pressing

•Replay memory is cleared whenever you start a new

t does not clear Replay memory, so you can

recall the last calculation even after you press

calculation, change to another mode, or turn off power.

E-9

k Error Locator

•Pressing r or e after an error occurs displays the calculation with the cursor positioned at the location where the error occurred.

k Exponential Display Formats

This calculator can display up to 10 digits. Larger values are automatically displayed using exponential notation. In the case of decimal values, you can select between two formats that determine at what point exponential notation is used. Press NORM 1 or NORM 2.

F F F F 3 1

(

)

to select

• NORM 1

With NORM 1, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than two decimal places.

• NORM 2

With NORM 2, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than nine decimal places.

•All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using the NORM 1 format.

k Answer Memory

•Whenever you press = after inputting values or an expression, the calculated result is automatically stored in Answer Memory. You can recall Answer Memory contents by pressing

•Answer Memory can store up to 12 digits for the mantissa and two digits for the exponent.

•Answer Memory contents are not changed if the operation performed by any of the above key operations results in an error.

E-10

Basic Calculations

•Use the COMP mode for basic calculations.

• Example 1: 3(510

- R 5 e D 9 T =

• Example 2: 5(97)

5 - R 9 + 7 T =

•You can skip all T operations before =.

–9

)

-08

1.5

80.

Memory Calculations

k Independent Memory

•Values can be input directly into memory, added to memory, or subtracted from memory. Independent memory is convenient for calculating cumulative totals.

•Independent memory uses the same memory area as variable M.

•To clear independent memory (M), input

• Example:

23  9  32 23 53  6  47

) 45  2  90

+ 9 j 3

- 2 A {(Total) –11

, 6 |

0 3

k Variables

• There are nine variables (A through F, M, X and Y), which can be used to store data, constants, results, and other values.

•Use the following operation to delete data assigned to all nine variables:

•Use the following operation to delete data assigned to a particular variable: the data assigned to variable A.

A C =.

0 j 1. This operation deletes

0 j 3.

–11.

32.

47.

90.

E-11

• Example: 193.2  23  8.4

193.2  28  6.9

j 1 \ 23 =

193.2

p 1 \ 28 =

8.4

6.9

Fraction Calculations

k Fraction Calculations

•Use the COMP mode for fraction calculations.

•Values are automatically displayed in decimal format whenever the total number of digits of a fractional value (integer  numerator  denominator  separator marks) exceeds 10.

• Example 1:  1

• Example 2: 1.6

•Fraction/decimal calculation results are always decimal.

C 3 + 1 C 4 C 5 =

1 2

C 2 + 1.6 =

2 7 15.

2.1

k Decimal-to-Fraction Conversion

• Example: 2.75 → 2 2.75 =

3 4

A B

k Fraction-to-Decimal Conversion

• Example: ↔ 0.5 (Fraction ↔Decimal)

1 2

C 2 =

E-12

2.75

2 3 4.

11 4.

1 2.

0.5

1 2.

Percentage Calculations

•Use the COMP mode for percentage calculations.

• Example 1: To calculate 12% of 1500

- 12 A v

1500

• Example 2: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660

\ 880 A v

660

• Example 3: To add 15% onto 2500

2500

- 15 A v +

• Example 4: To discount 3500 by 25%

3500 - 25 A v ,

• Example 5: If 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage increase in weight?

300  500

500

 100  160 (%)

+ 500 A v

300

• Example 6: If temperature changes from 40°C to 46°C, what percentage did it rise?

46  40

 100  15 (%)

, 40 A v

180.

75.

2875.

2625.

160.

15.

E-13

Scientific Function Calculations

•Use the COMP mode for scientific function calculations.

•  = 3.14159265359

k Trigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric

Functions

• Example 1: sin63°5241

“ R ”

q q q 1 S 63 I 52 I 41 I =

• Example 2: cos ( rad)

q q q 2

W R A x \ 3 T =

• Example 3: cos

q q q 2

W A V R L 2 \ 2 T =

• Example 4: tan10.741

q q q 1

k Hyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic

Functions

• Example 1: sinh 3.6

→

“ T ”

→

 rad

“ T ”

1

g \ A x =

“ R ”

→

A g 0.741 =

M S 3.6 =

0.897859012

0.5

0.785398163

0.25

36.53844577

18.28545536

• Example 2: sinh1 30

M A j 30 =

E-14

4.094622224

k Angle Unit Conversion

•Press A v to display the following menu.

D R G

•Pressing

• Example : To convert 4.25 radians to degrees

1, 2, or 3 converts the displayed value to

the corresponding angle unit.

“ R ”

A v 2

→

(R)

F F F 1

4.25

4 . 2 5

243.5070629

k Common and Natural Logarithms/

Antilogarithms

• Example 1: log 1.23 R 1.23 =

• Example 2: In 90 (loge 90)

T 90 =

• Example 3: e

• Example 4: 10

• Example 5: 2

1.5

A U 10 =

A Q 1.5 =

2 w 4 =

0.089905111

4.49980967

22026.46579

31.6227766

k Square Roots, Cube Roots, Roots,

Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials, Random Numbers and π

• Example 1: 2 3 5

L 2 + L 3 - L 5 =

• Example 2: 35 3 27

A D 5 + A D D 27 =

(fx-100W/ fx-115W: D)

E-15

5.287196909

–1.290024053

16.

• Example 3:

123 ( = 123 )

• Example 4: 12330

123 + 30 K =

• Example 5: 12

• Example 6:

1  1 3 4

a , 4 a T a =

1 7

A H 123 =

12 N =

1.988647795

1023.

1728.

12.

• Example 7: 8! 8 A f =

40320.

• Example 8: To generate a random number between

0.000 and 0.999

A M =

Example (results differ each time)

• Example 9: 3π 3 A x =

9.424777961

0.664

k FIX, SCI, RND

• Example 1: 200714400

\ 7 - 14 =

200

(Specifies three decimal places.)

(Calculation continues using 10 display digits)

F F F F 1 3

200 \ 7 =

- 14 =

Performing the same calculation using the specified number of decimal places

\ 7 =

200

(Internal rounding) A Q

E-16

400.

400.000

28.571

400.000

28.571

Fix

- 14 =

399.994

•Press F F F F 3 1 to clear FIX specification.

• Example 2: 1 3, displaying result with two significant digits (SCI 2)

–01

F F F F 2 2 1 \ 3 =

3.3

Sci

•Press F F F F 3 1 to clear SCI specification.

k ENG Calculations

• Example 1: To convert 56,088 meters to kilometers

56088

= J

56.088

003

• Example 2: To convert 0.08125 grams to milligrams

0.08125

= J

81.25

–03

k Inputting ENG Calculation Symbols

• F F F F F 1 enters the ENG mode in which ENG symbols can be used in calculations.

•To exit the ENG mode, press

• The following are the nine ENG symbols that can be used in ENG mode calculations.

Key Operation Unit Symbol

A k 10 A M 10 A g 10 A t 10 A m 10 A N 10 A n 10 A p 10 A f 10

F F F F F 2.

–3

–6

–9

–12

–15

k (kilo)

M (Mega)

G (Giga)

T (Tera) m (milli)

µ (micro)

n (nano)

p (pico)

f (femto)

E-17

*For displayed values, the calculator selects the ENG sym-

bol that makes the numeric part of the value fall within

the range of 1 to 1000. * ENG symbols cannot be used when inputting fractions. * The ENG mode cannot be used in combination with the

CMPLX, or BASE-N modes.

•Performing any of the key operations in the above table

while you are not in the ENG mode inputs the exponential value in the “Unit” column (without inputting the ENG symbol).

• Example: 910 = 0.9 m (milli)

900.

0.9

900.

ENG

F F F F F 1

9 \ 10 =

In the ENG mode, even standard (non-ENG)

calculation results are displayed using ENG symbols.

9 1 m

A P

9 1 m

Coordinate Conversion (Pol(x, y), Rec (r, θ))

•Calculation results are automatically assigned to vari-

ables E and F.



• Example 1: To convert polar coordinates (r2,

60°)

to rectangular coordinates (x, y) (DEG mode)

A F 2 P 60 T =

y 0 o

1.732050808

• 0 n, 0 o swaps displayed value with value in

memory.

• Example 2: To convert rectangular coordinates (1,



to polar coordinates (r,

A f 1 P L 3 T =

) (RAD mode)

E-18

• 0 n, 0 o swaps displayed value with value in

memory.

0 o

1.047197551

k Permutation

• Example: To deter mine how many different 4-digit val-

ues can be produced using the numbers 1 through 7

•Numbers cannot be duplicated within the same 4-digit value (1234 is allowed, but 1123 is not).

A m 4 =

840.

k Combination

• Example: To determine how many different 4-member groups can be organized in a group of 10 individuals

A n 4 =

210.

Statistical Calculations

k Standard Deviation (SD Mode)

•Press F F 1 to enter the SD Mode for statistical calculations using standard deviation.

•Data input always starts with cal memory.

•Input data is used to calculate values for

n, Σx, Σx

recall using the key operations noted nearby.

, o, σn and σn-1 which you can

A m = to clear statisti-

0 1 Σx 0 2 Σx 0 k n

A M o A A σn

A N σn-1

E-19

• Example: To calculate σn1, σn, o, n, Σx, and Σx2 for the following data : 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, 52

Enter SD Mode F F 1

A m = (Memory Clear)

S 54 S 51 S 55 S

53 S S 54 S 52 S

(Sample Standard Deviation σn1) A N =

(Population Standard Deviation σn) A A =

(Arithmetic Mean o) A M =

(Number of Data n) 0 k

(Sum of Values Σx) 0 H

(Sum of Squares of Values Σx 2) 0 G

1.407885953

1.316956719

52.

53.375

427.

22805.

Data Input Precautions

• S S inputs the same data twice.

•You can also input multiple entries of the same data us-

A G. To input the data 110 ten times, for example,

ing press 110

A G 10 S.

• The above results can be obtained in any order, and not necessarily that shown above.

•To delete data you have just input, press

A U.

k Probability Distribution Calculations

•Press A D to produce the screen shown below.

( Q ( R ( →

2 3

•Input a value from distribution calculation you want to perform.

P(t)R(t)Q(t)

1 to 4 to select the probability

E-20

• Example : Using the x-data values input in the example on page 20, determine the normalized variate (

→

t) for

x = 53 and normal probability distribution P(t).

A D 1 (

A D 4 (→t) =

P( ) -

0.28 F =

0.284747398

0.38974

k Regression Calculations (REG Mode)

•Press F F 2 to enter the REG mode and then select one of the following regression types.

1:Linear regression 2: Logarithmic regression 3:Exponential regression

r 1:Power regression r 2:Inverse regression r 3:Quadratic regression

•Data input always starts with cal memory.

• The values produced by a regression calculation depend on the values input, and results can be recalled using the key operations shown in the table below.

0 G Σx 0 H Σx 0 k n 0 h Σy 0 n Σy 0 o Σxy 0 M Σx 0 x Σx2y 0 y Σx

A M o A A

A N A l A d

A c A q Regression coefficient A A w Regression coefficient B

A e Regression coefficient C A u Correlation coefficient r

A O m A b n

xσ

A m = to clear statisti-

xσ

n-1

yσ

n-1

•Linear Regression

The regression formula for linear regression is: y  A  Bx.

E-21

• Example: Atmospheric Pressure vs. Temperature

Te m perature

Atmospheric

Pressure

10°C 1003 hPa 15°C 1005 hPa 20°C 1010 hPa 25°C 1011 hPa 30°C 1014 hPa

Perform linear regression to determine the regression formula terms and correlation coefficient for the data nearby. Next, use the regression formula to estimate atmospheric pressure at 18°C and temperature at 1000 hPa.

Enter REG Mode (Linear Regression)

q q 2 1 A m = (Memory Clear)

P 1003 S 15 P 1005 S

10 20 P 1010 S 25 P 1011 S

30 P 1014 S

(Regression Coefficient A) A q =

(Regression Coefficient B) A w =

(Correlation Coefficient r) A J =

(Atmospheric Pressure at 18°C) 18 A b

(Temperature at 1000 hPa) 1000 A O

REG

997.4

0.56

0.982607368

1007.48

4.642857143

•Quadratic Regression

• The regression formula for quadratic regression is:

y = A + Bx +Cx

•Input data using the following key sequence.

x-data> P <y-data> S

• Example:

29 1.6 50 23.5

74 38.0 103 46.4 118 48 .0

Perform quadratic regression to de-

termine the regression formula terms and correlation coefficient for the data nearby. Next, use the regression formula to estimate the values for timated value of

y) for xi = 16 and ˆx

(estimated value of x) for yi = 20.

E-22

30.

ˆy (es-

Enter REG mode (Quadratic regression)

F F 2 r 3 A m =

29 P 1.6 S 50 P 23.5 S

74 P 38.0 S103 P 46.4 S

118 P 48.0 S

(Regression Coefficient A) A q =

(Regression Coefficient B) A w =

(Regression Coefficient C) A e =

(ˆy when xi = 16) 16 A b

(ˆx

when yi = 20) 20 A O

(ˆx

when yi = 20) A O

118.

REG

35.59856934

1.495939413

6.71629667

13.38291067

47.14556728

175.5872105

Data Input Precautions

• S S inputs the same data twice.

•You can also input multiple entries of the same data us-

A G. To input the data “20 and 30” five times, for

ing example, press 20

P 30 A G 5 S.

• The above results can be obtained in any order, and not necessarily that shown above.

•To delete data you have just input, press

A U.

Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX Mode)

•Press F 2 to enter the CMPLX Mode for calculations that include complex numbers.

•You can use variables A, B, C and M only. Variables D, E, F, X, and Y are used for storage of the imaginary parts of values and so cannot be used by you.

- 0 3

E-23

• Example: (2 + 3i) + (4 + 5i)

Enter CMPLX Mode

F 2

R 2 + 3 i T + R 4 + 5 i T =

A r

Imaginary number part

Real number part

k Absolute Value/Argument Calculation

• The procedure described below can be used to determine the absolute value (Abs) and argument (arg) for a complex number of the format Z = sumed to exist as coordinates on a Gaussian plane.

• Example: To obtain the absolute value (

) for the complex number 3 + 4i, when DEG is

ment ( set for the angle unit mode

Imaginary number axis

Determine the absolute value.

A A R 3 + 4 i T =

Determine the argument.

A a R 3 + 4 i T =

a + bi, which is pre-

r) and argu-

Real number axis

CMPLX

53.13010235

Formula Memory

•Formula memory lets you input a single formula in memory, and then input values for the formula's variables to calculate results.

E-24

•Memory can hold a single formula, up to 79 steps long. This function can be used in the COMP or CMPLX mode only.

•Note that the formula is actually stored in memory when you press the

• Example: To s av e t he following formula, recall it, and then use it to calculate a result: Y = X

key in the sequence below.

+ 3X – 12

Input the formula.

Y= X

2 + 3 X-

p y p u p x K +

3 p x

, 12

Store it in memory. C

Input a value for its variable. 7 =

8 =

58.

76.

•Formula memory is cleared whenever you start a new calculation, change to another mode, or turn off power.

Metric Conversions (fx-570W/

fx-991W)

•A total of 20 different conversion pairs are built-in to provide quick and easy conversion to and from metric units.

•See the Conversion Pair Table on page 26 for a complete list of available conversion pairs.

• Example: To convert 31 inches to centimeters

CONV

CONV 1

31 i n cm

78.74

A c

01 is the inches-to-centimeters conversion pair number.

E-25

•Conversion Pair Table

Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA Bulletin 63 (1986) data.

Number Conversion Pair Number Conversion Pair

01 in → cm 21 oz → g 02 cm → in 22 g → oz 03 ft → m23lb → kg 04 m → ft 24 kg → lb 05 yd → m25atm → Pa 06 m → yd 26 Pa → atm 07 mile → km 27 mmHg → Pa 08 km → mile 28 Pa → mmHg 09 n mile → m 29 hp → kW 10 m → n mile 30 kW → hp 11 acre → m 12 m2 → acre 32 Pa → kgf/cm 13 gal (US) →

r → gal (US) 34 J → kgf•m

15 gal (UK) →

r → gal (UK) 36 kPa → lbf/in

17 pc → km 37 °F → °C 18 km → pc 38 °C → °F 19 km/h → m/s 39 J → cal 20 m/s → km/h 40 cal → J

r 33 kgf•m → J

r 35 lbf/in2 → kPa

31 kgf/cm2→ Pa

Scientific Constants (fx-570W/

fx-991W)

•A total of 40 commonly-used scientific constants, such as the speed of light in a vacuum and Planck's constant are built-in for quick and easy lookup whenever you need them.

•Simply input the number that corresponds to the scientific constant you want to look up and it appears instantly on the display.

•See the Scientific Constant Table on pages 27 and 28 for a complete list of available constants.

E-26

• Example: To determine how much total energy a person weighing 65kg has (E = mc

28 is the “speed of light in vacuum” constant number.

)

CONST

CONST28

65 Co

5.841908662

•Scientific Constant Table

Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA Bulletin 63 (1986) data.

Number Constant Name Symbol

01 proton mass mp 02 neutron mass mn 03 electron mass me 04 muon mass m 05 Bohr radius a 06 Planck's constant 07 nuclear magneton 08 Bohr magneton 09 Planck's constant, rationalized (h-bar) 10 fine-structure constant α

11 classical electron radius re

12 electron Compton wavelength λ c 13 proton gyromagnetic ratio γ p 14 proton Compton wavelength λ cp 15 neutron Compton wavelength λ cn 16 Rydberg constant R∞ 17 atomic mass unit u 18 proton magnetic moment 19 electron magnetic moment 20 neutron magnetic moment 21 muon magnetic moment 22 Faraday constant F

E-27

µ µ

µ µ µ µ µ

N B

p e n

Number Constant Name Symbol

23 elementary charge e 24 Avogadro constant NA 25 Boltzmann constant k 26 molar volume of ideal gas Vm 27 molar gas constant R 28 speed of light in vacuum C 29 first radiation constant C 30 second radiation constant C 31 Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ 32 permittivity of vacuum ε 33 permeability of vacuum 34 magnetic flux quantum 35 standard acceleration of gravity g

36 astronomical unit AU 37 parsec pc 38 Celsius temperature t 39 Newtonian constant of gravitation G 40 standard atmosphere atm

Base-n Calculations

•In addition to decimal values, calculations can be performed using binary, octal and hexadecimal values.

•You can specify the default number system to be applied to all input and displayed values, and the number system for individual values you input.

•You cannot use scientific functions in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal calculations. You cannot input values that include decimal part and an exponent.

• If you input a value that includes a decimal part, the unit automatically cuts off the decimal part.

•Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are produced by taking the two's complement.

•You can use the following logical operators between values in Base(logical sum), xor (exclusive logical sum), xnor (exclusive logical sum negation), Not (negation), and Neg (minus).

n calculations: and (logical product), or

E-28

• The following are the allowable ranges for each of the available number systems.

Binary 1000000000 

Octal 4000000000 

Decimal –2147483648  Hexadecimal 80000000 

x  1111111111 x  0111111111

0 

x  7777777777 x  3777777777

0 

x  2147483647 x  FFFFFFFF x  7FFFFFFF

0 

• Example 1: To perform the following calculation and produce a binary result:

+ 11010

10111

Binary mode F F 3 b

101112 + 11010

110001.

• Example 2: To perform the following calculation and produce an octal result:

7654

÷ 12

Octal mode F F 3 o

l l l 4

l l l 1

(o)

7654

(d)12

516.

• Example 3: To perform the following calculation and produce a hexadecimal result:

or 1101

120

Hexadecimal mode F F 3 h

12016 l 2

l l l 3

(b)

1101

(or)

12d.

E-29

Integration Calculations

• The following four inputs are required for integration calculations: a function with the variable define the integration range of the definite integral; and

n, which is the number of partitions (equivalent to N

for integration using Simpson’s rule.

expression P a P b P n

•Use the COMP mode for integration calculations.

• Example: To calculate:

2 p x K + 3 p x

8 P 1 P 5 P 6 T

∫

(2x2 + 3x + 8) dx

Note!

•You can specify an integer in the range of 1 to 9 as the number of partitions, or you can skip input of the number of partitions entirely, of you want.

•Internal integration calculations may take considerable time to complete.

•Display contents are cleared while an integration calculation is being performed internally.

x; a and b, which

150.6666667

2n)

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations

•You can perform sexagesimal calculations using degrees (hours), minutes, and seconds, and convert between sexagesimal and decimal values.

• Example 1: To convert the decimal value 2.258 to a sexagesimal value

2.258

A O

• Example 2: To perform the following calculation: 12°34’56”  3.45

12 I 34 I 56 I - 3.45

E-30

2.258

2°15°28.8

43°24°31.2

Technical Information

k When you have a problem......

If calculation results are not what you expect or if an error occurs, perform the following steps.

F 1 (COMP mode)

F F F 1 (DEG mode)

F F F F 3 1 (NORM 1 mode)

4. Check the formula you are working with to confirm it is

correct.

5. Enter the correct modes to perform the calculation and

try again.

fx-570W/ fx-100W >

If the above steps do not correct your problem, press the P button (see page 35 or 36) on the back of the calculator to reset it. Pressing the P button deletes all data stored in calculator memory. Make sure you always keep written copies of all important data.

fx-991W/ fx-115W >

If the above steps do not correct the problem, press the

5 key. The calculator performs a self-check operation and

deletes all data stored in memory if any abnormality is detected. Make sure you always keep written copies of all important data.

k Error Messages

The calculator is locked up while an error message is on the display. Press to display the calculation and correct the problem. See “Error Locator” on page 10 for details.

Ma ERROR

•Cause

•Calculation result is outside the allowable calculation

range.

•Attempt to perform a function calculation using a value

that exceeds the allowable input range.

t to clear the error, or press e or r

E-31

•Attempt to perform an illogical operation (division by

zero, etc.).

•Action

•Check your input values and make sure they are all

within the allowable ranges. Pay special attention to values in any memory areas you are using.

Stk ERROR

•Cause

•Capacity of the numeric stack or operator stack is ex-

ceeded.

•Action

•Simplify the calculation. The numeric stack has 10

levels and the operator stack has 24 levels.

•Divide your calculation into two or more separate parts.

Syn ERROR

•Cause

•Attempt to perform an illegal mathematical operation.

•Action

e or r to display the calculation with the

•Press

cursor located at the location of the error. Make necessary corrections.

Arg ERROR

•Cause

•Improper use of argument

•Action

e or r to display the location of the cause of

•Press

the error and make required corrections.

k Order of Operations

Calculations are performed in the following order of precedence.

1 Coordinate transformation: Pol (

Integrations:

2 Type A functions:

With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed.

, x1, x!,

3 Powers and roots:

° ’ ”

∫dx

y, x

E-32

x, y), Rec (r,

)

4 a

5 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π, memory

name, or variable name: 2

6 Type B functions:

With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered.

, 3, log, In, ex, 10x, sin, cos, tan, sin1, cos1,

1

, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh1, cosh1, tanh1, ()

tan

7 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B

functions: 2 3, Alog2 etc.

8 Permutation and combination: 9 ,  0 , 

*Operations of the same precedence are performed from

right to left. Other operations are performed from left to right.

*Operations enclosed in parentheses are performed first.

In 120 → ex{In( 120)}

π, 5A, πA etc.

nPr, nCr

k Stacks

This calculator uses memory areas, called “stacks,” to temporarily store values (numeric stack) and commands (command stack) according to their precedence during calculations. The numeric stack has 10 levels and the command stack has 24 levels. A stack error (Stk ERROR) occurs whenever you try to perform a calculation that is so complex that the capacity of a stack is exceeded.

E-33

k Power Supply

The type of battery you should use depends on the model number of your calculator.

fx-991W/ fx-115W >

The TWO WAY POWER system actually has two power supplies: a solar cell and a G13 Type (LR44) button battery. Normally, calculators equipped with a solar cell alone can operate only when relatively bright light is present. The TWO WAY POWER system, however, lets you continue to use the calculator as long as there is enough light to read the display.

•Replacing the Battery

Either of the following symptoms indicates battery power is low, and that the battery should be replaced.

•Display figures are dim and difficult to read in areas

where there is little light available.

•Nothing appears on the display when you press the

5 key.

•To replace the battery

1 Remove the six screws that

hold the back cover in place and then remove the back cover.

2 Remove the old battery.

3 Wipe off the sides of new bat-

tery with a dry, soft cloth. Load it into the unit with the posi-

side facing up (so you

tive

can see it).

4 Replace the back cover and

secure it in place with the six screws.

5 to turn power on. Be

5 Press

sure not to skip this step.

Screw

E-34

< fx-570W >

This calculator is powered by single G13 Type (LR44) button battery.

•Replacing the Battery

Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator when the battery is low can result in improper operation. Replace the battery as soon as possible when display figures become dim.

•To replace the battery

1 Press i to turn power off.

2 Remove the two screws that hold

the battery cover in place and then remove the battery cover.

3 Remove the old battery.

4 Wipe off the side of new battery

with a dry, soft cloth. Load it into the unit with the positive facing up (so you can see it).

5 Replace the battery cover and

secure it in place with the two screws.

6 Use a thin, pointed object to

press the P button. Be sure not to skip this step.

L to turn power on.

7 Press

Screw

side

P button

E-35

< fx-100W >

This calculator is powered by single AA-size battery.

•Replacing the Battery

•To replace the battery

1 Press i to turn power off.

2 Remove the six screws

that hold the back cover in place and then remove the back cover.

3 Remove the old battery.

4 Load a new battery into the

unit so it’s positive negative ing correctly.

5 Replace the back cover

and secure it in place with the six screws.

6 Use a thin, pointed object

to press the P button. Be sure not to skip this step.

7 Press

sides are fac-

L to turn power on.

and

Screw

P button

•Auto Power Off

Calculator power automatically turns off if you do not perform any operation for about six minutes. When this happens, press on.

L (fx-991W/

fx-115W: 5 ) to turn power back

E-36

k Input Ranges

Internal digits: 12 Accuracy: As a rule, accuracy is ±1 at the 10th digit.

Functions Input Range

sinx DEG 0 x 4.499999999

RAD 0 x 785398163.3 GRA 0 x 4.499999999

cosx DEG 0 x 4.500000008

RAD 0 x 785398164.9 GRA 0 x 5.000000009

tanx DEG Same as sinx, except when x= (2n-1)90.

RAD Same as sinx, except when x= (2n-1)π/2. GRA Same as sinx, except when x= (2n-1)100.

–1

sin

0 x 1

–1

cos

–1

tan

x 0 x 9.999999999

sinhx

0 x 230.2585092

coshx

–1

sinh

0 x 4.999999999

–1

cosh

tanhx

0 x 9.999999999

–1

tanh

logx/ln

x 0 x

10x–9.999999999

–9.999999999

x 0 x  1 

x 1

1/x x 1

x x 1

x!0 x 

1099 x  99.99999999

1099 x  230.2585092

100

;

x G

100

69 (

x is an integer)

-1

E-37

Functions Input Range

0 n 99, r  n (n, r is an integer)

nPr

1 {n!/(n–r)!}  9.99999999910

nCr 0 n 99, r  n (n, r is an integer)

x, y 9.99999999910

Pol(x, y)

(x2+y2) 9.99999999910 0 r 9.99999999910

Rec(r, )

θ: Same as sinx, cosx a, b, c  110

°’ ”

0  b, c x110

Decimal ↔ Sexagesimal Conversions



000000 x 999999059

x0: –110

x0: y0

x0: yn, (n is an integer)

However: –110

y0: x G 0

–110

y0: x0 y0: x2n1, (n G 0; n is an integer)

However: –110

To tal of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including division

a b/c

marks).

x 110 y 110

SD n 110

100

ylogx100

n+1

100

1/x logy100

100

(REG) xn, yn, o, p

A, B, r : n G 0

100

ylogx100

100

 1/x logy100

xn–1, yn–1 : n G 0, 1

*Erros are cumulative with such internal continuous cal-

culations as

, xx , x!, and

x , so accuracy may be

adversely affected.

E-38

Specifications

Power Supply:

fx-100W: Single AA-size battery (R6P (SUM-3)) fx-570W: Single G13 Type button battery (LR44)

fx-991W:

fx-115W/

Battery Life:

fx-100W: Approximately 17,000 hours continuous dis-

fx-570W: Approximately 12,000 hours continuous dis-

fx-115W/

Dimensions:

fx-100W: 19.2(H)76(W)164(D) mm

fx-115W/

Weight:

fx-100W: 114 fx-115W/

Power Consumption: 0.0001W

Operating Temperature: 0°C ~ 40°C (32°F ~ 104°F)

Solar cell and a single G13 Type button battery (LR44)

play of flashing cursor. Approximately 2 years when left with power turned off.

play of flashing cursor. Approximately 3 years when left with power turned off.

fx-991W:

Approximately 3 years (1 hour use per day).

/4⬙(H)3⬙(W)67/16⬙(D)

fx-570W/ fx-991W:

10(H)76(W)150(D) mm

/8⬙(H)3⬙(W)57/8⬙(D)

g (4 oz) including battery

fx-570W/ fx-991W: 85 g (3 oz) including battery

E-39

CASIO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. Unit 6, 1000 North Circular Road, London NW2 7JD, U.K.

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome

Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan

U.S. Pat. 4,410.956

SA9810-C Printed in China

Imprimé en Chine

HA310540-1

Casio fx-991W, fx-570W, fx-115W, fx-100W User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual