Casio FX-991MS, FX-570MS, FX-100MS User Manual
fx-100MS
fx-570MS
fx-991MS
(2nd edition / S-V.P.A.M.)
EN
User’s Guide
CASIO Worldwide Education Website
https://edu.casio.com
Manuals are available in multi languages at
https://world.casio.com/manual/calc/
Table of Contents
Before Using the Calculator.................................................... 4
About this Manual.................................................................................... 4
Initializing the Calculator..........................................................................4
Precautions..............................................................................................4
Getting Started.........................................................................................5
Removing the Hard Case................................................................................5
Turning Power On and Off.............................................................................. 6
Adjusting Display Contrast..............................................................................6
Key Markings.................................................................................................. 6
Reading the Display........................................................................................7
Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup...............................9
Calculation Mode..................................................................................... 9
Configuring the Calculator Setup...........................................................10
Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings.....................................12
Basic Calculations..................................................................13
Inputting Expression and Values............................................................13
Making Corrections During Input...................................................................13
Arithmetic Calculations.......................................................................... 14
Number of Decimal Places and Number of Significant Digits....................... 15
Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis.............................................................15
Fraction Calculations............................................................................. 16
Decimal ↔ Fraction Conversion................................................................... 16
Mixed Fraction ↔ Improper Fraction Conversion......................................... 17
Percent Calculations..............................................................................17
Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations............................19
Inputting Sexagesimal Values.......................................................................19
Sexagesimal Calculations.............................................................................19
Converting Values between Sexagesimal and Decimal................................20
Multi-Statements....................................................................................20
Using Engineering Notation................................................................... 20
Using Engineering Symbols...................................................................21
Calculation History and Replay..............................................................23
Calculation History........................................................................................ 23
Replay Copy..................................................................................................23
Replay...........................................................................................................24
Using Memory Functions....................................................................... 24
Answer Memory (Ans)...................................................................................24
Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y)..............................................................25
Independent Memory (M)..............................................................................26
Clearing the Contents of All Memories..........................................................26
1
Function Calculations............................................................27
π ), Natural Logarithm Base e..........................................................27
Pi (
).............................................................................................................27
π
Pi (
Natural Logarithm Base
Trigonometric Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions................... 28
Trigonometric Functions................................................................................28
Inverse Trigonometric Functions...................................................................28
Hyperbolic Functions, Inverse Hyperbolic Functions.............................29
Angle Unit Conversion........................................................................... 29
Exponential Functions, Logarithmic Functions...................................... 29
Exponential Functions...................................................................................29
Logarithmic Functions...................................................................................30
Power Functions and Power Root Functions.........................................30
Integration Calculations......................................................................... 31
Differential Calculations......................................................................... 32
Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion............................................ 32
Factorial (!).............................................................................................33
Random Number (Ran#)........................................................................33
Permutation (
n P r ) and Combination (n C r )........................................ 34
Rounding function (Rnd)........................................................................34
Using CALC........................................................................................... 34
Using SOLVE.........................................................................................35
Scientific Constants (fx-570MS/fx-991MS only).....................................37
Metric Conversion (fx-570MS/fx-991MS only)....................................... 39
e ............................................................................ 27
Using Calculation Modes.......................................................42
Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX)...............................................42
CMPLX Mode Calculation Examples............................................................ 42
Using a Command to Specify the Calculation Result Format....................... 43
Statistical Calculations (SD, REG).........................................................43
Standard Deviation (SD)............................................................................... 43
Regression Calculations (REG).................................................................... 46
Normal Distribution (SD)............................................................................... 51
Calculations (BASE).................................................................52
Base-
Equation Calculations (EQN).................................................................55
Matrix Calculations (MAT) (fx-570MS/fx-991MS only)...........................59
Vector Calculations (VCT) (fx-570MS/fx-991MS only)...........................62
n
Specifying the Number Mode of a Particular Input Value..............................53
Converting a Calculation Result to another Type of Value............................53
Base-
Logical and Negation Operations..................................................................54
Quadratic and Cubic Equations.................................................................... 55
Simultaneous Equations............................................................................... 57
Matrix Answer Memory................................................................................. 60
Assigning and Editing Matrix Variable Data.................................................. 60
Matrix Calculation Examples.........................................................................61
n Calculation Examples...................................................................... 54
2
Vector Answer Memory.................................................................................63
Assigning and Editing Vector Variable Data..................................................63
Vector Calculation Examples........................................................................ 64
Technical Information............................................................ 66
Errors..................................................................................................... 66
Error Messages.............................................................................................66
Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator.....................................67
Replacing the Battery.............................................................................68
Calculation Priority Sequence................................................................68
Stacks.................................................................................................... 70
Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision........................... 71
Calculation Range and Precision..................................................................71
Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision........................................ 71
Specifications.........................................................................................73
3
Before Using the Calculator
About this Manual
• In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for
special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection
with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that
come with it.
• Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of
any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this
product and the items that come with it.
• Unless specifically stated, all sample operations in this manual assume
that the calculator is in its initial default setup. Use the procedure under
"Initializing the Calculator" to return the calculator to its initial default
setup.
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
• The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this
manual are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from
the actual items they represent.
• Company and product names used in this manual may be registered
trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.
Initializing the Calculator
Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the calculator
and return the calculation mode and setup to their initial default settings.
Note that this operation also clears all data currently in calculator memory.
(CLR) (All)
Precautions
Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using the
calculator.
Safety Precautions
Battery
Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.
•
Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this
•
manual.
4
Handling Precautions
• Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery
according to the schedule shown below. Continued use after the
specified number of years may result in abnormal operation. Replace
the battery immediately after display figures become dim.
fx-100MS/fx-570MS: Every two years
fx-991MS: Every three years
• A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the
calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator.
• The battery that comes with the calculator is for factory testing,
and it discharges slightly during shipment and storage. Because of
these reasons, its battery life may be shorter than normal.
• Do not use a nickel-based primary battery with this product.
Incompatibility between such batteries and product specifications can
result in shorter battery life and product malfunction.
• Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to
temperature extremes, and large amounts of humidity and dust.
• Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or bending.
• Never try to take the calculator apart.
• Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator.
• Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in
accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area.
Getting Started
Removing the Hard Case
Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it,
and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the
illustration below.
5
Turning Power On and Off
• Press to turn on the calculator.
• Press (OFF) to turn off the calculator.
Note
• The calculator also will turn off automatically after approximately 10 minutes of nonuse. Press the key to turn the calculator back on.
Adjusting Display Contrast
1. Press
.
• This displays the display setup screen.
2. Press .
3. Use and to adjust display contrast.
4. After the setting is the way you want, press .
Important!
• If adjusting display contrast does not improve display readability, it probably means
that battery power is low. Replace the battery.
Key Markings
Pressing the
alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is indicated by
the text printed above the key.
or key followed by a second key performs the
(1) Keycap function (2) Alternate function
The following shows what the different colors of the alternate function
•
key text mean.
6
If key marking text is
this color:
It means this:
Yellow
Red
Purple (or enclosed in
purple brackets)
Blue (or enclosed in
blue brackets)
Green Enter the BASE Mode to access the function.
• The following shows an example of how an alternate function operation
is represented in this manual.
Example: (sin-1)* 1
* Indicates the function that is accessed by the key operation (
) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation
you perform.
• The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an on-
screen menu item is represented in this manual.
Example: (COMP)
* Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number key
operation ( ) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key
operation you perform.
• The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as
shown in the illustration nearby. In this manual, cursor key operation is
indicated as
, , , and .
Press and then the key to access the
applicable function.
Press and then the key to input the
applicable variable, constant, function, or
symbol.
Enter the CMPLX Mode to access the
function.
Enter the SD Mode and REG Mode to access
the function.
*
Reading the Display
The two-line display makes it possible to view both the calculation formula
and its result at the same time.
7
(1) Calculation formula
(2) Calculation result
(3) Indicators
• The table below describes some of the typical indicators that appear at
the top of the screen (3).
This indicator: Means this:
The keypad has been shifted by pressing the
key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will
disappear when you press a key.
The alpha input mode has been entered by
pressing the key. The alpha input mode will
be exited and this indicator will disappear when
you press a key.
Indicates the current setting of Angle Unit ( :
/ /
FIX A fixed number of decimal places is in effect.
SCI A fixed number of significant digits is in effect.
M There is a value stored in independent memory.
STO
RCL
Degree, : Radian, or : Gradian) on the setup
menu.
The calculator is standing by for input of a variable
name to assign a value to the variable. This
indicator appears after you press (STO).
The calculator is standing by for input of a variable
name to recall the variable's value. This indicator
appears after you press .
8
Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup
Calculation Mode
Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode as
indicated in the table below.
fx-100MS
When you want to perform this type
of operation:
General calculations (COMP)
Complex number calculations (CMPLX)
Standard deviation (SD)
Regression calculations (REG)
Calculations involving specific number
systems (binary, octal, decimal,
hexadecimal)
Equation solution (EQN)
fx-570MS/fx-991MS
Perform this key operation:
(BASE)
When you want to perform this type
of operation:
General calculations (COMP)
Complex number calculations (CMPLX)
Standard deviation (SD)
Regression calculations (REG)
9
Perform this key operation:
When you want to perform this type
of operation:
Calculations involving specific number
Perform this key operation:
systems (binary, octal, decimal,
(BASE)
hexadecimal)
Equation solution (EQN)
Matrix calculations (MAT)
Vector calculations (VCT)
Note
• The initial default calculation mode is the COMP Mode.
• Mode indicators appear in the upper part of the display, except for the BASE
indicators, which appear in the exponent part of the display.
• Engineering symbols are automatically turned off while the calculator is the BASE
Mode.
• You cannot make changes to the angle unit or other display format (Disp) settings
while the calculator is in the BASE Mode.
• The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG Modes can be used in combination with the angle
unit settings.
• Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG, COMP, CMPLX) and angle
unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra) before beginning a calculation.
Configuring the Calculator Setup
Pressing the
screens.
Underlined ( ___ ) settings are initial defaults.
Deg Rad Gra
Specifies degrees, radians or grads as the angle unit for value input and
calculation result display.
(90°= π
/2 radians = 100 grads)
Fix Sci Norm
Specifies the number of digits for display of a calculation result.
key more than three times displays additional setup
10
Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of decimal
places for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off
to the specified digit before being displayed.
Example: 100 ÷ 7 = 14.286 (Fix 3)
14.29 (Fix 2)
Sci: The value you specify (from 1 to 10) controls the number of significant
digits for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off
to the specified digit before being displayed.
Example: 1 ÷ 7 = 1.4286 × 10-1 (Sci 5)
1.428571429 × 10-1 (Sci 0)
Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm 1, Norm 2)
determines the range in which results will be displayed in exponential
format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using non-
exponential format.
Norm 1: 10-2 > | x |, | x | ≧ 10
Norm 2: 10-9 > | x |, | x | ≧ 10
10
10
Example: 1 ÷ 200 = 5 × 10-3 (Norm 1)
0.005 (Norm 2)
EngON EngOFF
Specifies whether engineering symbols are used (EngON) or not used
(EngOFF) during value input. The "Eng" indicator is displayed while
EngON is selected.
a+bi r∠θ (CMPLX Mode/EQN Mode only)
Specifies either rectangular coordinates (
a +bi) or polar coordinates ( r ∠
θ ) for CMPLX Mode/EQN Mode solutions. The "r∠ θ " indicator is
) are selected.
displayed while polar coordinates (
r∠θ
11
ab/c d/c
Specifies either mixed fraction (ab/c) or improper fraction (d/c) for display
of fractions in calculation results.
Dot Comma
Specifies whether to display a dot or a comma for the calculation result
decimal point. A dot is always displayed during input.
Dot: Period decimal point, comma separator
Comma: Comma decimal point, period separator
Note
• To close the setup menu without selecting anything, press .
Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings
Performing the following procedure initializes the calculation mode and
other setup settings as shown below.
(CLR) (Mode)
This setting: Is initialized to this:
Calculation Mode COMP
Angle Unit Deg
Exponential Display Format Norm 1, EngOFF
Complex Number Display Format
Fraction Display Format a b/c
Decimal Point Character Dot
• To cancel initialization without doing anything, press (Cancel) instead
of .
a +bi
12
Basic Calculations
Use the
basic calculations.
key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform
(COMP)
Inputting Expression and Values
Example: 4 × sin30 × (30 + 10 × 3) = 120 (Angle unit: Deg)
4 30 30 10 3
Note
• The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79 "steps". One step is taken up
each time you press a number key or arithmetic operator key ( , , , ).
A or key operation does not take up a step, so inputting (x√ ), for
example, takes up only one step.
• You can input up to 79 steps for a single calculation. Whenever you input the 73rd step
of any calculation, the cursor changes from "_" to "■" to let you know memory is
running low. If you need to input more than 79 steps, you should divide your
calculation into two or more parts.
• Pressing the key recalls the last result obtained, which you can use in a
subsequent calculation. See "Using Memory Functions - Answer Memory" for more
information about using the key.
Making Corrections During Input
• Use and to move the cursor to the location you want.
• Press to delete the number or function at the current cursor
position.
• Press (INS) to change to an insert cursor . Inputting
something while the insert cursor is on the display inserts the input at
the insert cursor position.
Pressing (INS), or returns to the normal cursor from the
•
insert cursor.
Example 1: To correct cos60 so it becomes sin60
60
13
Example 2: To correct the expression 369 × × 2 so it becomes 369 × 2
369 2
Example 3: To correct 2.362 so it becomes sin2.36
2
2 36
(INS)
Clearing all of the calculation you are inputting
Press .
Arithmetic Calculations
• Negative values inside of calculations must be enclosed within
parentheses. For details, see "Calculation Priority Sequence."
• It is not necessary to enclose a negative exponent within parentheses.
sin 2.34 × 10-5 → 2 34 5
Example 1: 23 + 4.5 - 53 = -25.5
23
4 5 53 -25.5
Example 2: 56 × (-12) ÷ (-2.5) = 268.8
56 12 2 5 268.8
Example 3: 2 ÷ 3 × (1 × 1020) = 6.666666667 × 10
19
2 3 1 20 6.666666667×10
Example 4: 7 × 8 - 4 × 5 = 36
8 4 5 36.
7
6
Example 5:
4 × 5
= 0.3
19
14
6 4 5 0.3
Example 6: 2 × [7 + 6 × (5 + 4)] = 122
2 7 6 5 4 122.
Number of Decimal Places and Number of Significant Digits
To change the settings for the number of decimal places, the number of
significant digits, or the exponential display format, press the
number of times until you reach the setup screen shown below.
Press the number key ( , , or ) that corresponds to the setup item
you want to change.
(Fix): Number of decimal places
(Sci): Number of significant digits
(Norm): Exponential display format
key a
Example 1: 200 ÷ 7 × 14 =
200 7 14
(Specifies three decimal places.)
･････ (Fix)
• Press ･････ (Norm) to clear the Fix specification.
Example 2: 1 ÷ 3, displaying result with two significant digits (Sci 2)
･････ (Sci) 1 3
• Press ･････ (Norm) to clear the Sci specification.
Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis
Example: (2 + 3) × (4 - 1 = 15
2 3 4 1 15.
15
Fraction Calculations
2
1
Example 1:
Example 2: 3
+
3
1
+ 1
4
13
=
5
15
2 3 1 5
2
3
11
= 4
12
3 1 4 1 2 3
Example 3:
Note
• Values are displayed in decimal format automatically whenever the total number of
digits of a fractional value (integer + numerator + denominator + separator marks)
exceeds 10.
• Results of calculations that mix fraction and decimal values are always decimal.
1
+ 1.6 = 2.1
2
1 2 1 6 2.1
Decimal ↔ Fraction Conversion
To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal format:
Press
Example 1: 2.75 = 2
.
3
(Decimal → Fraction)
4
2 75
Example 2:
11
=
(d/c)
4
1
↔ 0.5 (Fraction ↔ Decimal)
2
16
1 2
Mixed Fraction ↔ Improper Fraction Conversion
To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and mixed
fraction format:
Press
Example 1: 1
Note
• You can use the display setup (Disp) screen to specify the display format when a
fraction calculation result is greater than one.
• To change the fraction display format, press the key a number of times until you
reach the setup screen shown below.
(d/c).
2
↔
3
5
3
1 2 3
(d/c)
(d/c)
Display the selection screen.
(Disp)
Press the number key ( or ) that corresponds to the setting you want to use.
(ab/c): Mixed fraction
(d/c): Improper fraction
• An error occurs if you try to input a mixed fraction while the d/c display format is
selected.
Percent Calculations
Calculation Type Calculation Formula
Percentage
Example 1
A × B
100
Calculation Method
and Key Operations
What is B percent of
A?
A B (%)
17
Calculation Type Calculation Formula
Calculation Method
and Key Operations
Ratio
Example 2
Premium
Example 3
Discount
Example 4
Example 5
Rate of Change (1)
Example 6
A
× 100
B
A +
A -
A + B
B
A × B
100
A × B
100
× 100
What percent of B is
A?
A B (%)
What is A increased by
B percent?
A B (%)
What is A decreased
by B percent?
A B (%)
If A is added to B, by
what percent does B
change?
A B (%)
If B becomes A, by
Rate of Change (2)
Example 7
Example 1: To calculate 12% of 1500 (180)
Example 2: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660 (75%)
Example 3: To increase 2500 by 15% (2875)
2500 15 (%) 2875.
Example 4: To decrease 3500 by 25% (2625)
3500 25 (%) 2625.
A - B
× 100
B
1500 12 (%) 180.
660 880 (%) 75.
what percent does B
change?
A B (%)
Example 5: To decrease the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20% (800)
168 98 734 (STO) (A)
(A)* 20 (%) 800.
18
* As shown here, if you want to use the current Answer Memory value in a
mark up or discount calculation, you need to assign the Answer Memory
value into a variable and then use the variable in the mark up/discount
calculation. This is because the calculation performed when (%) is
pressed stores a result to Answer Memory before the key is
pressed.
Example 6: 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500
grams, producing a final test sample of 800 grams. What percent of 500
grams is 800 grams? (160%)
300 500 (%) 160.
Example 7: What is the percentage change when a value is increased
from 40 to 46? How about to 48? (15%, 20%)
46 40 (%) 15.
8 20.
Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations
You can perform calculations using sexagesimal values, and convert
values between sexagesimal and decimal.
Inputting Sexagesimal Values
The following is the syntax for inputting a sexagesimal value.
{Degrees} {Minutes} {Seconds}
Note that you must always input something for the degrees and
•
minutes, even if they are zero.
Example: Input 2°0’30”
2 0 30 2°0°30.
Sexagesimal Calculations
Performing the following types of sexagesimal calculations produces a
sexagesimal result.
- Addition or subtraction of two sexagesimal values
- Multiplication or division of a sexagesimal value and a decimal value
Example 1: 2°20’30” + 39’30”
19
2 20 30 0 39 30 3°0°0.
Example 2: 12°34’56” × 3.45
12 34 56 3 45 43°24°31.2
Converting Values between Sexagesimal and Decimal
Example: To convert the decimal value 2.258 to a sexagesimal value and
then back to a decimal value
2 258 2.258
(←) 2°15°28.8
2.258
Multi-Statements
You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions
and execute them in sequence from left to right when you press
Example: To add 2 + 3 and then multiply the result by 4
2 3 (:) 4
.
Using Engineering Notation
A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering
notation.
Example 1: To convert 56088 meters to kilometers → 56.088 × 10
3
(km)
56088 56.088×10
Example 2: To convert 0.08125 grams to milligrams → 81.25 × 10-3 (mg)
0 08125 81.25×10
20
03
-03
Example 3: Transform the value 1234 to engineering notation, shifting the
decimal point to the right.
1234 1234.
1.234×10
1234.×10
Example 4: Transform the value 123 to engineering notation, shifting the
decimal point to the left.
123 123.
(←) 0.123×10
(←) 0.000123×10
Note
• The calculation result shown above is what appears when EngOFF is selected for the
engineering symbol setting.
Using Engineering Symbols
03
00
03
06
The following are the nine symbols that can be used when engineering
symbols are turned on.
Perform this key
To input this symbol:
Unit
operation:
k (kilo) (k) 10
M (Mega) (Ｍ) 10
G (Giga) (G) 10
T (Tera) (T) 10
m (milli) (m) 10
μ (micro) (μ) 10
n (nano) (n) 10
3
6
9
12
-3
-6
-9
p (pico) (p) 10
21
-12
To input this symbol:
Perform this key
Unit
operation:
f (femto) (f) 10
Note
• For displayed values, the calculator selects the engineering symbol that makes the
numeric part of the value fall within the range of 1 to 1000.
• Engineering symbols cannot be used when inputting fractions.
To display calculation results with engineering symbols
1. Press the
key a number of times until you reach the display setup
screen.
2. Press .
• This displays the engineering symbol setting screen.
3. Press (EngON).
• An indicator "Eng" is displayed at top of the screen.
-15
Example 1: 100 m (milli) × 5 μ (micro) = 500 n (nano)
･････ (Disp) (EngON)
100 (m) 5 (μ)
Example 2: 9 ÷ 10 = 0.9 m (milli)
9 10
(←)
When engineering symbols are turned on, even standard (non-
engineering) calculation results are displayed using engineering symbols.
22
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