Casio fx-9750G User Manual

fx-9750G PLUS CFX-9850G PLUS CFX-9850GB PLUS CFX-9850GC PLUS

CFX-9950GB PLUS

User’s Guide

http://world.casio.com/edu_e/

fx-9750G PLUS owners...

This manual covers the operations of various different calculator models. Note the meaning of the following symbols when using this manual.

Symbol

CFX

Indicates information about a function that is not supported by the fx-9750G PLUS. You can skip any information that has this mark next to it.

8-1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph

k Entering the Graph Mode

On the Main Menu, select the GRAPH icon and enter the GRAPH Mode. When you do, the Graph Function menu appears on the display. You can use this menu to store, edit, and recall functions and to draw their graphs.

Memory area

and c to change selection.

Use

• {SEL} ... {draw/non-draw status}

• {DEL} ... {function delete}

• {TYPE} ... {graph type menu}

• {COLR} ... {graph color}

CFX

• {GMEM} ... {graph memory save/recall}

• {DRAW} ... {graph draw}

Meaning

indicates {COLR} is not supported by the fx-9750G PLUS.

CFX

CASIO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. Unit 6, 1000 North Circular Road, London NW2 7JD, U.K.

Important!

Please keep your manual and all information handy for future reference.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

BACK UP

FOR THE FIRST TIME...

Be sure to perform the following procedure to load batteries, reset the calculator, and adjust the contrast before trying to use the calculator for the first time.

1. Making sure that you do not accidently press the o key, attach the case to the

calculator and then turn the calculator over. Remove the back cover from the calculator by pulling with your finger at the point marked

2. Load the four batteries that come with calculator.

• Make sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) ends of the batteries are facing correctly.

3. Remove the insulating sheet at the location marked “BACK UP” by pulling in the direction indicated by the arrow.

BACK UP

4. Replace the back cover, making sure that its tabs enter the holes marked 2 and turn the calculator front side up. The calculator should automatically turn on power and perform the memory reset operation.

5. Press m.

* The above shows the CFX-9850

(9950)G(B) PLUS screen.

* The above shows the fx-9750G

PLUS screen.

• If the Main Menu shown above is not on the display, press the P button on the back of the calculator to perform memory reset.

6. Use the cursor keys (f, c, d, e) to select the CONT icon and press

w or simply press

to display the contrast adjustment screen.

CFX-9850G PLUS

P button

fx-9750G PLUSCFX-9850(9950)GB PLUS,

7. Adjust the contrast.

uTo adjust the contrast

• Use f and c to move the pointer to CONTRAST.

CFX

• Press e to make the figures on the display darker, and d to make them

lighter.

uTo adjust the tint

CFX

1. Use f and c to move the pointer to the color you want to adjust (ORANGE,

BLUE, or GREEN).

2. Press e to add more green to the color, and d to add more orange.

8. To exit display contrast adjustment, press m.

ABOUT THE COLOR DISPLAY

CFX

The display uses three colors: orange, blue, and green, to make data easier to understand.

• Main Menu • Display Color Adjustment

•Graph Function Menu

•Graph Display (Example 1) • Graph Display (Example 2)

•Graph-To-Table Display • Dynamic Graph Display

•Table & Graph Numeric Table • Recursion Formula Convergence/ Divergence Graph Example

iii

•Statistical Regression Graph Example

CFX

•When you draw a graph or run a program, any comment text normally appears

on the display in blue. You can, however, change the color of comment text to orange or green.

Example:

1. Enter the GRAPH Mode and input the following.

To draw a sine curve

3(TYPE)1(Y=)

(Specifies rectangular coordinates.)

svwf

(Stores the expression.)

4(COLR)

•Press the function key that corresponds to the color you want to use for the

graph:

3456

1 for blue, 2 for orange, 3 for green.

3. 2(Orng)

(Specifies the graph color.)

4.6(DRAW)

(Draws the graph)

You can also draw multiple graphs of different color on the same screen, making each one distinct and easy to view.

KEYS

Alpha Lock

Normally, once you press a and then a key to input an alphabetic character, the keyboard reverts to its primary functions immediately. If you press ! and then a, the keyboard locks in alpha input until you press a again.

KEY TABLE

Page Page Page Page Page Page

128

2 27 283

2 47 46

Page Page Page Page Page

132 113

369 4

47 46

46 46

154 144 120

45 45

Quick-Start

Turning Power On And Off

Using Modes

Basic Calculations

Replay Features

Fraction Calculations

Exponents

Graph Functions

Dual Graph

Box Zoom

Dynamic Graph

Table Function

Quick-Start

Welcome to the world of graphing calculators.

Quick-Start is not a complete tutorial, but it takes you through many of the most common

functions, from turning the power on, to specifying colors, and on to graphing complex equations. When you’re done, you’ll have mastered the basic operation of this calculator and

will be ready to proceed with the rest of this user’s guide to learn the entire spectrum of functions available.

Each step of the examples in Quick-Start is shown graphically to help you follow along quickly and easily. When you need to enter the number 57, for example, we’ve indicated it as follows:

Press

Whenever necessary, we’ve included samples of what your screen should look like. If you find that your screen doesn’t match the sample, you can restart from the beginning by pressing the “All Clear” button

TURNING POWER ON AND OFF

To turn power on, press o. To turn power off, press !

Note that the calculator automatically turns power off if you do not perform any operation for about six minutes (about 60 minutes when a calculation is stopped by an output command (^)).

OFF

USING MODES

This calculator makes it easy to perform a wide range of calculations by simply selecting the appropriate mode. Before getting into actual calculations and operation examples, let’s take a look at how to navigate around the modes.

To select the RUN Mode

1. Press m to display the Main Menu.

* The above shows the CFX-9850

(9950)G(B) PLUS screen.

viii

Quick-Start

2. Use defc to highlight RUN and then

press w.

This is the initial screen of the RUN mode, where you

can perform manual calculations, and run programs.

BASIC CALCULATIONS

With manual calculations, you input formulas from left to right, just as they are written on paper. With formulas that include mixed arithmetic operators and parentheses, the calculator automatically applies true algebraic logic to calculate the result.

Example:

1. Press o to clear the calculator.

2. Pressbf*d+gbw.

15 × 3 + 61

Parentheses Calculations

Example:

1. Press

15 × (3 + 61)

bf*(d +gb)w.

Built-In Functions

This calculator includes a number of built-in scientific functions, including trigonometric and logarithmic functions.

Example:

25 × sin 45˚

Important!

Be sure that you specify Deg (degrees) as the angle unit before you try this example.

Quick-Start

1. Press o.

SET UP

2. Press

3. Press cccc1 (Deg) to specify

4. Press J to clear the menu.

5. Press o to clear the unit.

6. Press cf*sefw.

degrees as the angle unit.

to switch the set up display.

REPLAY FEATURES

With the replay feature, simply press d or e to recall the last calculation that was

performed. This recalls the calculation so you can make changes or re-execute it as it is.

Example:

1. Press

2. Press d twice to move the cursor under the 4.

3. Press f.

4. Press

To change the calculation in the last example from (25 × sin 45˚) to (25 × sin 55˚)

d to display the last calculation.

w to execute the calculation again.

Quick-Start

FRACTION CALCULATIONS

You can use the $ key to input fractions into calculations. The symbol “ { ” is used

to separate the various parts of a fraction.

Example:

1. Press o.

2. Press b$bf$

1 15/16 + 37/

bg+dh$ jw.

Indicates 6 7/

Converting a Mixed Fraction to an Improper Fraction

While a mixed fraction is shown on the display, press !

improper fraction.

Press

d/c

again to convert back to a mixed fraction.

Converting a Fraction to Its Decimal Equivalent

While a fraction is shown on the display, press M to convert it to its decimal equiva-

lent.

Press M again to convert back to a fraction.

144

d/c

to convert it to an

Quick-Start

EXPONENTS

Example:

1. Press o.

2. Press bcfa*c.ag.

3. Press

4. Press f. The ^5 on the display indicates that 5 is

an exponent.

5. Press

1250 × 2.06

M and the ^ indicator appears on the display.

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Quick-Start

GRAPH FUNCTIONS

The graphing capabilities of this calculator makes it possible to draw complex graphs using either rectangular coordinates (horizontal axis: x ; vertical axis: y) or polar coordinates (angle: θ ; distance from origin: r).

Example

1. Press

2. Use d, e, f, and c to highlight GRAPH,

3. Input the formula.

1: To graph Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)

and then press w.

v(v+b)

(v-c)w

4. Press 6 (DRAW) or w to draw the graph.

Example

1. Press ! 5 (G-Solv).

2: To determine the roots of Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)

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Quick-Start

2. Press 1 (ROOT).

Press e for other roots.

Example

1. Press

2. Press 6 (g).

3. Press 3 (∫dx).

4. Use d to move the pointer to the location where

3: Determine the area bounded by the origin and the X = –1 root obtained for

Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)

!5 (G-Solv).

X = –1, and then press w. Next, use e to

move the pointer to the location where X = 0, and

then press

becomes shaded on the display.

to input the integration range, which

12345

123456

xiv

Quick-Start

DUAL GRAPH

With this function you can split the display between two areas and display two graphs on the same screen.

Example:

1. Press !Zcc1(Grph) to specify

“Graph” for the Dual Screen setting.

2. Press

To draw the following two graphs and determine the points of intersection

Y1 = X(X + 1)(X – 2) Y2 = X + 1.2

J, and then input the two functions.

v(v+b) (v-c)w v+b.cw

3. Press 6 (DRAW) or w to draw the graphs.

23456

BOX ZOOM

Use the Box Zoom function to specify areas of a graph for enlargement.

1. Press ! 2 (Zoom) 1 (BOX).

2. Use d, e, f, and c to move the pointer

to one corner of the area you want to specify and then

press

Quick-Start

3. Use d, e, f, and c to move the pointer

again. As you do, a box appears on the display. Move

the pointer so the box encloses the area you want to

enlarge.

4. Press

w, and the enlarged area appears in the

inactive (right side) screen.

DYNAMIC GRAPH

Dynamic Graph lets you see how the shape of a graph is affected as the value assigned to one of the coefficients of its function changes.

Example:

1. Press m.

2. Use d, e, f, and c to highlight DYNA,

and then press w.

To draw graphs as the value of coefficient A in the following function changes from 1 to 3

Y = AX

3. Input the formula.

aAvxw

xvi

12356

4. Press 4 (VAR) bw to assign an initial value

of 1 to coefficient A.

1 23456

Quick-Start

5. Press

6. Press

7. Press

2 (RANG) bwdwbw

to specify the range and increment of change in

coefficient A.

6(DYNA) to start Dynamic Graph drawing.

The graphs are drawn 10 times.

↓

↓↑

xvii

Quick-Start

TABLE FUNCTION

The Table Function makes it possible to generate a table of solutions as different values are assigned to the variables of a function.

Example:

1. Press m.

2. Use d, e, f, and c to highlight TABLE,

and then press w.

3. Input the formula.

To create a number table for the following function

Y = X (X+1) (X–2)

v(v+b)

(v-c)w

4. Press 6 (TABL) or w to generate the number

table.

To learn all about the many powerful features of this calculator, read on and explore!

xviii

Handling Precautions

•Your calculator is made up of precision components. Never try to take it apart.

•Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to strong impact.

•Do not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or large

amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the calculator may require more time to display results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the calculator is brought back to normal temperature.

• The display will go blank and keys will not operate during calculations. When you are operating the

keyboard, be sure to watch the display to make sure that all your key operations are being performed correctly.

•Replace the main batteries once every 2 years regardless of how much the calculator is used during

that period. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and damage the unit.

•Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physician immediately.

•Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzine to clean the unit. Wipe it with a soft, dry cloth,

or with a cloth that has been dipped in a solution of water and a neutral detergent and wrung out.

•Always be gentle when wiping dust off the display to avoid scratching it.

•In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable to you or any other person for any

damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages arising out of loss of data and/or formulas arising out of malfunction, repairs, or battery replacement. The user should prepare physical records of data to protect against such data loss.

•Never dispose of batteries, the liquid crystal panel, or other components by burning them.

•When the “Low battery!” message appears on the display, replace the main power supply batteries

as soon as possible.

•Be sure that the power switch is set to OFF when replacing batteries.

• If the calculator is exposed to a strong electrostatic charge, its memory contents may be damaged or

the keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the Reset operation to clear the memory and restore normal key operation.

• If the calculator stops operating correctly for some reason, use a thin, pointed object to press the P

button on the back of the calculator. Note, however, that this clears all the data in calculator memory.

•Note that strong vibration or impact during program execution can cause execution to stop or can

damage the calculator’s memory contents.

•Using the calculator near a television or radio can cause interference with TV or radio reception.

•Before assuming malfunction of the unit, be sure to carefully reread this user’s guide and ensure that

the problem is not due to insufficient battery power, programming or operational errors.

xix

Be sure to keep physical records of all important data!

The large memory capacity of the unit makes it possible to store large amounts of data. You should note, however, that low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the unit can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact.

Since this calculator employs unused memory as a work area when performing its internal calculations, an error may occur when there is not enough memory available to perform calculations. To avoid such problems, it is a good idea to leave 1 or 2 kbytes of memory free (unused) at all times.

In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

• The contents of this user’s guide are subject to change without notice.

•No part of this user’s guide may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the manufacturer.

• The options described in Chapter 21 of this user’s guide may not be available in certain geographic areas. For full details on availability in your area, contact your nearest CASIO dealer or distributor.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

fx-9750G PLUS CFX-9850G PLUS CFX-9850GB PLUS CFX-9850GC PLUS

CFX-9950GB PLUS

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Contents

Getting Acquainted — Read This First! ............................................................. 1

1. Key Markings ....................................................................................................... 2

2. Selecting Icons and Entering Modes .................................................................... 3

3. Display ................................................................................................................. 8

4. Contrast Adjustment ........................................................................................... 11

5. When you keep having problems... .................................................................... 12

Chapter 1 Basic Operation ............................................................................. 13

1-1 Before Starting Calculations... ..................................................................... 14

1-2 Memory ....................................................................................................... 22

1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu .................................................................................. 27

1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu ........................................................................ 28

1-5 Program (PRGM) Menu .............................................................................. 34

Chapter 2 Manual Calculations ...................................................................... 35

2-1 Basic Calculations ....................................................................................... 36

2-2 Special Functions ........................................................................................ 39

2-3 Function Calculations .................................................................................. 43

Chapter 3 Numerical Calculations ................................................................. 53

3-1 Before Performing a Calculation ................................................................. 54

3-2 Differential Calculations ............................................................................... 55

3-3 Quadratic Differential Calculations .............................................................. 58

3-4 Integration Calculations ............................................................................... 60

3-5 Maximum/Minimum Value Calculations ....................................................... 63

3-6 Summation (Σ) Calculations ........................................................................ 65

Chapter 4 Complex Numbers ......................................................................... 67

4-1 Before Beginning a Complex Number Calculation ...................................... 68

4-2 Performing Complex Number Calculations ................................................. 69

Chapter 5 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations ............. 73

5-1 Before Beginning a Binary, Octal, Decimal, or Hexadecimal

Calculation with Integers........................................................................ 74

5-2 Selecting a Number System ........................................................................ 76

5-3 Arithmetic Operations .................................................................................. 77

5-4 Negative Values and Bitwise Operations .................................................... 78

Chapter 6 Matrix Calculations ........................................................................ 79

6-1 Before Performing Matrix Calculations ........................................................ 80

6-2 Matrix Cell Operations ................................................................................. 83

6-3 Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands .............................................. 88

6-4 Matrix Calculations ...................................................................................... 92

xxii

Contents

Chapter 7 Equation Calculations ................................................................... 99

7-1 Before Beginning an Equation Calculation ................................................ 100

7-2 Linear Equations with Two to Six Unknowns............................................. 101

7-3 Quadratic and Cubic Equations ................................................................. 104

7-4 Solve Calculations ..................................................................................... 107

7-5 What to Do When an Error Occurs ............................................................ 110

Chapter 8 Graphing ....................................................................................... 111

8-1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph.................................................................. 112

8-2 View Window (V-Window) Settings ........................................................... 113

8-3 Graph Function Operations ....................................................................... 117

8-4 Graph Memory .......................................................................................... 122

8-5 Drawing Graphs Manually ......................................................................... 123

8-6 Other Graphing Functions ......................................................................... 128

8-7 Picture Memory ......................................................................................... 139

8-8 Graph Background .................................................................................... 140

Chapter 9 Graph Solve .................................................................................. 143

9-1 Before Using Graph Solve ......................................................................... 144

9-2 Analyzing a Function Graph ...................................................................... 145

Chapter 10 Sketch Function ........................................................................... 153

10-1 Before Using the Sketch Function ............................................................. 154

10-2 Graphing with the Sketch Function ........................................................... 155

Chapter 11 Dual Graph ................................................................................... 167

11-1 Before Using Dual Graph .......................................................................... 168

11-2 Specifying the Left and Right View Window Parameters .......................... 169

11-3 Drawing a Graph in the Active Screen ...................................................... 170

11-4 Displaying a Graph in the Inactive Screen ................................................ 171

Chapter 12 Graph-to-Table .............................................................................175

12-1 Before Using Graph-to-Table..................................................................... 176

12-2 Using Graph-to-Table ................................................................................ 177

Chapter 13 Dynamic Graph ............................................................................ 181

13-1 Before Using Dynamic Graph .................................................................... 182

13-2 Storing, Editing, and Selecting Dynamic Graph Functions ........................ 183

13-3 Drawing a Dynamic Graph ........................................................................ 184

13-4 Using Dynamic Graph Memory ................................................................. 190

13-5 Dynamic Graph Application Examples ...................................................... 191

Chapter 14 Conic Section Graphs ................................................................. 193

14-1 Before Graphing a Conic Section .............................................................. 194

14-2 Graphing a Conic Section ......................................................................... 195

14-3 Conic Section Graph Analysis ................................................................... 199

xxiii

Contents

Chapter 15 Table & Graph .............................................................................. 205

15-1 Before Using Table & Graph ...................................................................... 206

15-2 Storing a Function and Generating a Numeric Table ................................ 207

15-3 Editing and Deleting Functions .................................................................. 210

15-4 Editing Tables and Drawing Graphs .......................................................... 211

15-5 Copying a Table Column to a List .............................................................. 216

Chapter 16 Recursion Table and Graph ........................................................ 217

16-1 Before Using the Recursion Table and Graph Function ............................ 218

16-2 Inputting a Recursion Formula and Generating a Table ............................ 219

16-3 Editing Tables and Drawing Graphs .......................................................... 223

Chapter 17 List Function ................................................................................ 229

List Data Linking ................................................................................................... 230

17-1 List Operations .......................................................................................... 231

17-2 Editing and Rearranging Lists ................................................................... 233

17-3 Manipulating List Data ............................................................................... 237

17-4 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists ........................................................... 244

17-5 Switching Between List Files ..................................................................... 248

Chapter 18 Statistical Graphs and Calculations .......................................... 249

18-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations ................................................ 250

18-2 Paired-Variable Statistical Calculation Examples ...................................... 251

18-3 Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data ........................ 257

18-4 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data ....................... 261

18-5 Performing Statistical Calculations ............................................................ 270

18-6 Tests .......................................................................................................... 276

18-7 Confidence Interval ................................................................................... 294

18-8 Distribution ................................................................................................ 304

Chapter 19 Financial Calculations ................................................................. 321

19-1 Before Performing Financial Calculations ................................................. 322

19-2 Simple Interest Calculations ...................................................................... 324

19-3 Compound Interest Calculations ............................................................... 326

19-4 Investment Appraisal ................................................................................. 337

19-5 Amortization of a Loan .............................................................................. 341

19-6 Conversion between Percentage Interest Rate and Effective

Interest Rate ........................................................................................ 345

19-7 Cost, Selling Price, Margin Calculations ................................................... 347

19-8 Day/Date Calculations ............................................................................... 349

Chapter 20 Programming ............................................................................... 351

20-1 Before Programming ................................................................................. 352

20-2 Programming Examples ............................................................................ 353

xxiv

Contents

20-3 Debugging a Program ............................................................................... 358

20-4 Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program ............................... 359

20-5 Secret Function ......................................................................................... 360

20-6 Searching for a File ................................................................................... 362

20-7 Searching for Data Inside a Program ........................................................ 364

20-8 Editing File Names and Program Contents ............................................... 365

20-9 Deleting a Program ................................................................................... 368

20-10 Useful Program Commands ...................................................................... 369

20-11 Command Reference ................................................................................ 371

20-12 Text Display ............................................................................................... 388

20-13 Using Calculator Functions in Programs ................................................... 389

Chapter 21 Data Communications ................................................................. 399

21-1 Connecting Two Units ............................................................................... 400

21-2 Connecting the Unit with a Personal Computer ........................................ 401

21-3 Connecting the Unit with a CASIO Label Printer ....................................... 402

21-4 Before Performing a Data Communication Operation ............................... 403

21-5 Performing a Data Transfer Operation ...................................................... 404

21-6 Screen Send Function ............................................................................... 408

21-7 Data Communications Precautions ........................................................... 409

Chapter 22 Program Library ........................................................................... 411

1. Prime Factor Analysis ...................................................................................... 412

2. Greatest Common Measure ............................................................................. 414

3. t-Test Value ...................................................................................................... 416

4. Circle and Tangents ......................................................................................... 418

5. Rotating a Figure .............................................................................................. 425

Appendix ........................................................................................................... 429

Appendix A Resetting the Calculator ................................................................. 430

Appendix B Power Supply ................................................................................. 432

Appendix C Error Message Table ...................................................................... 436

Appendix D Input Ranges .................................................................................. 438

Appendix E Specifications ................................................................................. 441

Index ..................................................................................................................... 443

Command Index ................................................................................................... 449

Key Index .............................................................................................................. 450

Program Mode Command List .............................................................................. 453

xxv

Contents

xxvi

Getting Acquainted

— Read This First!

About this User’s Guide

uFunction Keys and Menus

•Many of the operations performed by this calculator can be executed by pressing function

keys 1 through 6. The operation assigned to each function key changes according to the mode the calculator is in, and current operation assignments are indicated by function menus that appear at the bottom of the display.

• This user ’s guide indicates the current operation assigned to a function key in parentheses

following the key cap marking for that key. 1 (Comp), for example, indicates that pressing 1 selects {Comp}, which is also indicated in the function menu.

•When {g} is indicated in the function menu for key 6, it means that pressing 6

displays the next page or previous page of menu options.

uMenu Titles

•Menu titles in this user’s guide include the key operation required to display the menu

being explained. The key operation for a menu that is displayed by pressing K and then {MAT} would be shown as: [OPTN]-[MAT].

• 6 (g) key operations to change to another menu page are not shown in menu title key

operations.

Getting Acquainted — Read This First!

uCommand List

• The Program Mode Command List (page 453) provides a graphic flowchart of the various function key menus that shows how to maneuver to the menu of commands you need.

Example: The following operation displays Xfct: [VARS]-[FACT]-[Xfct]

uIcons Used in This User’s Guide

• The following are the meanings of the icons used in this user ’s guide.

: Function not supported by fx-9750G PLUS

CFX

: Important : Note : Reference page

P.000

1. Key Markings

Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and easily.

1 log l

2 10

3 B al

The following describes the color coding used for key markings.

Color Key Operation

Orange Press ! and then the key to perform the marked

Function Key Operation

function.

Red Press a and then the key to perform the marked

function.

+ 456 hidden pages