Carpigiani 193 BAR P Instruction Manual

APPLICARE
TARGA
CARATTERISTICHE
INSTRUCTIONS - HANDBOOK
193 BAR P
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We wish to thank you for the preference granted to us by purchasing one of CARPIGIANI machines.
To the best guarantee, since 1993 Carpigiani has submitted its own Quality System to the certification according to the international Standard ISO 9001-94.
Moreover, Carpigiani machines comply with following European Directives:
98/37/CE Machines Directive;
73/23/CEE Low tension Directive;
89/336/CEE EMC Directive;
89/109/CEE Food Contact Directive.
CARPIGIANI
Via Emilia, 45 - 40011 Anzola Emilia (Bologna) - Italy
Tel. 051-6505111 - Fax 051-732178
This handbook may not be reprinted, transferred, registered, recorded in a retrieval system, nor translated in other languages unless otherwise previously agreed with CARPIGIANI. The purchaser has the wright to reprint it for his own office use. CARPIGIANI policy pursues a steady reasearch and development, thus it reserves the right to make changes and revisions whenever deemed necessary and without being bound to previous statements to the purchaser.
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INDEX
FOREWORD .................................................................................. 5
INSTRUCTION HANDBOOK ............................................................................. 5
PURPOSE............................................................................................................. 5
HANDBOOK STRUCTURE ................................................................................. 5
ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION ................................................................... 5
CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS ............................................................................ 6
SAFETY............................................................................................................... 7
QUALIFICATION OF THE STAFF ..................................................................... 7
WARNING ........................................................................................................... 7
1 GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................... 9
1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................... 9
1.1.1 MANUFACTURER'S IDENTIFICATION DATA .................................. 9
1.1.2 INFORMATION ABOUT SERVICE ...................................................... 9
1.1.3 INFORMATION TO THE USERS ......................................................... 9
1.2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE MACHINE ............................................... 9
1.2.1 GENERAL DATA.................................................................................. 9
1.2.2 MACHINE LAY-OUT .......................................................................... 10
1.2.3 TECHNICAL FEATURES ................................................................... 10
1.2.4 MACHINE SETS LOCATION ............................................................ 11
1.3 INTENDED USE ......................................................................................... 11
1.4 NOISE ......................................................................................................... 11
1.5 STORING A MACHINE ............................................................................ 11
1.6 DISPOSAL OF PACKING STUFFS .......................................................... 11
2 INSTALLATION ....................................................................... 13
2.1 ROOM NECESSARY TO THE MACHINE USE ..................................... 13
2.2 MACHINE WITH AIRCOOLED CONDENSER ..................................... 13
2.2.1 AIR FLOW ........................................................................................... 13
2.3 MACHINE WITH WATERCOOLED CONDENSER .............................. 14
2.3.1 WATER VALVE ADJUSTMENT ........................................................ 14
2.4 ELECTRIC CONNECTION ...................................................................... 14
2.4.1 REPLACEMENT OF POWER SUPPLY CORD ................................... 14
2.5 LOCATION................................................................................................. 14
2.6 REFILLING ............................................................................................... 14
2.7 MACHINE TESTING................................................................................ 14
3 DIRECTIONS FOR USE......................................................... 15
3.1 MACHINE CONFIGURATION ................................................................ 15
3.2 ELECTRONIC CONTROL KEYBOARD AND BUTTON FUNCTIONS15
3.3 SPIGOT HANDLE...................................................................................... 17
3.4 "R" PUMP .................................................................................................. 17
3.5 PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS, WASHING AND SANITIZING .......... 18
3.5.1 CLEANING.......................................................................................... 18
3.5.2 SANITIZING........................................................................................ 20
3.5.3 HYGIENE ............................................................................................ 20
3.6 STARTING THE MACHINE .................................................................... 21
3.7 PRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 21
3.8 ALARMS..................................................................................................... 22
3.8.1 BLACKOUT......................................................................................... 23
3.9 PROGRAMMING FOR THE USER ......................................................... 23
4 SAFETY DEVICES.................................................................. 25
4.1 SAFETY DEVICES ON THE MACHINE ................................................. 25
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5 DISASSEMBLING AND CLEANING THE PARTS IN
CONTACT WITH MIX........................................................... 27
5.1 PROGRAMMED CLEANING TIME........................................................ 27
5.2 DRAINING AND CLEANING .................................................................. 27
5.3 DISASSEMBLING THE MIX PUMP...................................................... 27
5.4 DISASSEMBLING FRONT LID ............................................................. 28
5.5 DISASSEMBLING THE BEATER.......................................................... 29
5.6 WASHING AND SANITIZING COMPONENTS .................................... 29
5.7 REASSEMBLING THE MIX PUMP....................................................... 30
5.8 REASSEMBLING THE BEATER .......................................................... 30
5.9 REASSEMBLING FRONT LID............................................................... 31
5.10 SANITIZING THE WHOLE MACHINE................................................ 31
5.11 PRIMING THE MIX PUMP ................................................................... 32
6 MAINTENANCE ..................................................................... 33
6.1 SERVICING TYPOLOGY......................................................................... 33
6.2 WATERCOOLING .................................................................................... 34
6.3 AIRCOOLING ............................................................................................ 34
6.4 TABLE OF SPARE PARTS EQUIPMENT............................................... 35
7 TROUBLESHOOT GUIDE..................................................... 37
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FOREWORD
INSTRUCTION HANDBOOK
Editing this handbook, it was taken into due account European Community directions on safety standards as well as on free circulation of industrial products within E.C.
PURPOSE
This handbook was conceived taking machine users' needs into due account. Topics relevant to a correct use of the machine have been analyzed in order to keep unchanged in the long run quality features charachterizing CARPIGIANI machines all over the world. A significant part of this handbook refers to the conditions necessary to the machine use and to the necessary procedure during cleanout as well as routine and special maintenance. Nevertheless, this handbook cannot meet all demands in details. In case of doubts or missing information, please apply to:
CARPIGIANI Via Emilia, 45 - 40011 Anzola Emilia (Bologna) - Italy
Tel. 051- 6505111 - Fax 051-732178
HANDBOOK STRUCTURE
This handbook is divided in sections, chapters and subchapters in order to be consulted more easily.
SECTION
A section is the part of the handbook identifying a specific topic related to a machine part.
CHAPTER
A chapter is that part of a section describing an assembly or concept relevant to a machine part.
SUBCHAPTER
It is that part of a chapter detailing the specific component of a machine part.
It is necessary that each person involved in the machine operation reads and clearly understands those parts of the handbook of his/her own concern, and particularly:
- The Operator must read the chapters concerning the machine star-up and the operation of machine components.
- A skilled technician involved in the installation, maintenance, repair, etc., of the machine must read all parts of this handbook.
ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
Along with an instruction manual, each machine is supplied also with additional documenta­tion:
- Part list: A list of spare parts which is delivered together with the machine for its maintenance.
- Wiring diagram: A diagram of wiring connections is placed in the machine.
ATTENTION
Before using the machine read carefully the instruction handbook.
Pay attention to the safety instructions.
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CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS
CAUTION: ELECTRIC SHOCK DANGER
The staff involved is warned that the non-obsevance of safety rules in carrying out the operation described may cause an electric shock.
CAUTION: GENERAL HAZARD
The staff involved is warned that the operation described may cause injury if not performed following safety rules.
NOTE
It points out significant information for the staff involved.
WARNINGS
The staff involved is warned that the non-observance of warning may cause loss of data and damage to the machine.
PROTECTIONS
This symbol on the side means that the operator must use personal protection against an implicit risk of accident.
QUALIFICATION OF THE STAFF
MACHINE OPERATOR
He/she is an unskilled person, who has no specific expertise and can only carry out easy chores, such as the machine operation by means of controls available on the push-button panel, and filling and drawing of products used during operations.
MAINTENANCE ENGINEER
He/she is a skilled engineer for the operation of the machine under normal conditions; he/she is able to carry out interventions on mechanical parts and all adjustments, as well as maintenance and repairs. He/she is qualified for interventions on electrical and refrigeration components.
CARPIGIANI ENGINEER
He/she is a skilled engineer the manufacturer assigned to field interventions for complex jobs under particular conditions or in accordance with agreements made with the machine's owner.
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SAFETY
When using industrial equipment and plants, one must be aware of the fact that drive mechanisms (rotary motion), high voltage components, as well as parts subject to high temperatures may cause serious damage to persons and things. Who is in charge of plant safety must be on the look-out that
- An incorrect use or handling shall be avoided
- Safety devices must neither be removed nor tampered with
- The machine shall be regularly serviced
- Only original spare parts are to be used especially as far as those components with safety functions are concerned (ex.: protection microswitches, thermostats).
To achieve the above, the following is necessary:
- At the working place an instruction manual relevant to the machine should be available.
- Such documentation must be carefully read and requirements must conse quently be met.
- Only adequately skilled personnel should be assigned to electrical equipment.
- Be on the look out that no technician will ever carry out interventions outside his own
knowledge and responsibility sphere.
QUALIFICATION OF THE ST AFF
Staff attached to the machine can be distinguished according to training and responsibility as follows:
OPERATOR
- A person who has not necessarily a high technical knowledge, just trained for ordinary operation of the machine, such as: startup, stop, filling, basic maintenance (cleanout, simple blocking, instrumentation checkings, etc.).
SKILLED ENGINEER
- A person enganged on more complicated operations of installation, maintenance, repairs, etc.
IMPORTANT!
One must be on the look-out that the staff does not carry out any operation outside its own sphere of konwledge and responsibility.
NOTE:
According to the standard at present in force, a SKILLED ENGINEER is who, thanks to
- training, experience and education,
- knowledge of rules, prescriptions and interventions on accident prevention,
- knowledge of machine operating conditions, is able to realize and avoid any danger and has also been allowed by the person in charge of plant safety to carry out all kinds of interventions.
WARNING
When installing the machine, insert a differential magnetothermal protection switch on all poles of the line, adequately sized to the absorption power shown on machine data plate and with contact opening of 3 mm at least.
Never put your hand into the machine, alike during production and cleaning operations.
Before carrying out any maintenance operation, make sure that the machine is in “STOP”
position and main switch has been cut out.
It is forbidden to wash the machine by means of a bolt of water under pressure.
It is forbidden to remove panels in order to reach the machine inside before having
disconnected the machine.
CARPIGIANI is not responsible for any accident that might happen during operation,
cleaning and/or servicing of its units, if this warning has not been fully complied with.
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1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.1 Manufacturer's identification data
The machine has a data plate carrying manufacturer data, machine type and serial number, assigned when it is manufactured. Copy of machine data plate to be found on first page of this handbook.
A B
ANZOLA EMILIA - BOLOGNA - ITALY
Matr.
Cod.
V Hz kW
A
Gas kg
C D E H
F G
100089654588-4
I
Legend:
A=Serial number B=Machine type C=Voltage D=Main-switch amperometric
value
E=Gas type and weight F= Machine code G=Condensation H=Frequency I= Power input
1.1.2 Information about service
All operations of routine maintenance are here described in section "Maintenance"; any additional operation requiring technical intervention on the machine must be cleared with the manufacturer, who will also examine the possibility of a factory technician field intervention.
1.1.3 Information to the user
l The manufacturer of the machine is at user's disposal for any explanation and information
about the machine operation.
l In case of need, please call the local distributor, or the manufacturer if no distributor is
available.
l Manufacturer's service department is available for any information about operation, and
requests of spare parts and service.
1.2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE MACHINE
1.2.1 General data
Counter-top machine to immediately produce and distribute soft express ice cream in two flavours + mixed, available with pump to ensure a higher overrun. CARPIGIANI recommends to always use high quality mix for ice cream production in order to satisfy your customers, even the most hard-to-please ones. Any saving made to the prejudice of quality will surely turn into a loss much bigger than the saving itself.
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Bearing in mind the above statements, please take heed of the following suggestions:
820
920
- Make your mixes yourselves from high quality natural ingredients or buy them from reliable companies.
- Follow closely instructions given by your mix supplier for the preparation of the mixes.
- Do not alter your mix supplier's recipies, by adding, for instance, water or sugar.
- Taste ice cream before serving it and start selling it only if entirely satisfactory.
- Make sure your staff always keeps the machine clean.
- Have your machine serviced always by companies authorized by CARPIGIANI.
1.2.2 Machine layout
860
820
Aircooled unit
1.2.3 Technical features
MODEL
Hourly
production *
Hopper
capacity
liters
Flavors
550
Watercooled unit
Electrical supply
Volt Phase Cycle kW
780
550
Installed
power Net weight
kg
193 BAR P 35 kg 17+17
* Hour output may vary depending on mix used Performances featured by a room temperature of 25°C and a water temperature of 20°C.
2 +
mixed
400 3 50 4,2 215
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1.2.4 Machine sets location
caption:
1 control panel 2 Freezing cylinder front lid 3 Drip tray shelf 4 Mix tank cover 5 DX and SX (right and left) drip tubes 6 Drip drawer
4
6
1
2
3
5
1.3 INTENDED USE
The machines must be used solely for the purpose described in chapter 1.2.1, "General information" within the functional limits decribed below.
Voltage ±10% Min air temperature 10°C Max air temperature 43°C Min water temperature 10°C Max water temperature 30°C Min. water pressure 0,1 MPa (1 bar) Max water pressure 0,8 MPa (8 bar) Max relative humidity 85%
The machine has been designed for its use in places which are not subject to explosion-proof standards; its use is thus bound to conforming places and normal atmospher
1.4 NOISE
The steady acoustic pressure level weighed A in a working place alike by watercooled and by aircooled machines is less than 70 dB(A).
1.5 STORING A MACHINE
The machine must be stored in a dry and dump-free place. Before storing the machine, wrap it in a cloth in order to protect it against dust and else.
1.6 DISPOSAL OF P ACKING STUFFS
When opening the packing crate, divide packing stuffs per type and get rid of them according to laws in force in machine installation country.
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2. INSTALLATION
8 cm
2.1 ROOM NECESSARY TO THE MACHINE USE
The machine must be installed in such a way that air can freely circulate allaround. Rooms for the approach to the machine must be left free in order to enable the operator to act without constraint and also to immediately leave working area, if need be.
ATTENTION
Machines with aircooled condenser must be installed no closer than 8 cm to any wall in
order to allow free air circulation around the condenser.
NOTE
An insufficient air circulation affects operation and output capacity of the machine.
8 cm
2.2 MACHINE WITH AIRCOOLED CONDENSER
Machines with aircooled condenser must be installed no closer than 8 cm to any wall in order to allow free air circulation around the condenser.
NOTE
An insufficient air circulation affects operation and output capacity of the machine.
2.2.1 Air flow
The machine is provided with an internal fan motor which takes fresh air from the right panel of the machine and exhausts the heated air through the left panels and through the stack on the rear of the machine
IMPORTANT
Do not place topping containers,
syrup containers or other products,
in front of the left panel of the
machine because the hot air flow
increases the temperature of the
products or may melt them.
topping
AIR OUT
NO
AIR OUT
AIR IN
OK
topping
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2.3 MACHINES WITH WATERCOOLED CONDENSER
To make the machine run, a watercooled machine must be connected to running water supply, or to a cooling tower. Water must have a pressure of 1 Bar at least and a delivery at least equal to the estimated hourly consumption. Connect inlet pipe marked by plate "Water Inlet" to water supply installing a shut-off valve, and outlet pipe marked by plate "Water Outlet" to a drain pipe, installing a shut-off valve.
2.3.1 Water valve adjustment
WARNING
If water valve must be reset, this operation will have to be carried out by skilled personnel, only.
Valve adjustment must be carried out in such a way that no water flows when machine is off and
lukewarm water flows when machine is on.
NOTE:
Water consumption increases if temperature of entering water is above 20°C.
ATTENTION:
Do not leave the machine in a room with temperature below 0°C
without first draining water from the condenser.
2.4 ELECTRIC CONNECTION
Before connecting the machine to the mains, check that machine voltage indicated in data plate
corresponds with the mains (see sec. 1.1.1 point C).
Insert a differential magnetothermal protection switch adequately sized to absorption capacity
required (see sec. 1.1.1 point D) and with contact opening of 3 mm at least.
WARNING
Yellow/green ground wire must be connected to a good ground outlet.
Rotation direction by three-phased machines
The beater rotates anticlockwise.
Reversing rotation direction
To reverse the direction rotation, when wrong, it is necessay to interchange two of the three leads
coming from the circuit breaker.
2.4.1 Replacement of power supply cord
If the machine main cable is damaged, it must be replaced through a cable with similar features.
Replacement will have to be carried out by skilled technicians only.
2.5 LOCATION
Level the machine on the counter surface to ensure smooth operation and prevent mix from
leaking.
2.6 REFILLING
Motor installed in the machine is of the type with lubrication for life; no action of checking/ replacing or topping up is necessary. Gas filling necessary to the freezing system is carried out at CARPIGIANI works during machine postproduction testing. If a gas addition happens to be made, this must be carried out by skilled technicans, only, who can also find out trouble origin.
2.7 MACHINE TESTING
A postproduction test of the machine is carried out at Carpigiani premises; Operation and output functionality of the machine are thoroughly tested. Machine test at end user's must be carried out by skilled technicians or by one of CARPIGIANI engineers. After the machine positioning and correct connections, also carry out all operations necessary to functional check and test of the machine.
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3. DIRECTION FOR USE
3.1 MACHINE CONFIGURATION
The machine has a motor to drive the beater, and a cooling system with water or air condenser. Soft ice cream is prepared by filling the tanks with cold mix (+4°C) and starting the automatic production cycle, until the ideal ice cream consistency set by CARPIGIANI is reached. Thanks to the pump, the mix enters the freezing cylinder already mixed with air; ice cream is produced only when it needs to be served. The spigot head allows a single portion of soft ice cream to be distributed. At the same time, the same amount of mix moves from the tanks into the freezing cylinders.
3.2 ELECTRONIC CONTROL KEYBOARD AND BUTTON FUNCTIONS
Details of the panel are shown in the picture below.
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Display
On turning on the machine and during its operation, a series of messages are displayed on the screen.
Led indicators
The led indicator lights up to show that the function corresponding to the symbol next to it
.
activated.
STOP button
With Stop function inserted, the led lights on, the machine is ready to receive commands for any of the main functions. Pressing STOP from any function, the machine will stop.
Function selection button
A repeated pressure of this key allows the selection of Distribution, Storage and Cleaning. The function you select will be shown through its led lighting on the key pad. The function you select last will be activated after 5 seconds. Once the function has been selected, Selection key will have another function, i.e., scrolling the pages with data relevant to the machine (such as tanks and cylinders temperatures, dispensed cone number, etc.). To select another function, you will have first to pass to Stop.
PRODUCTION function
When selecting this function the led lights up and the mix into the cylinder is freezed until its set consistency (pre-set HOT setting) is reached.
STORAGE function
When selecting this function, led lights up and the machine stores the mix both in hopper and cylinder at a pre-set temperature of +4°C.
Note: It is advisable to leave the machine in this function in case of extended idle times.
CLEANING function
When selecting this function, led lights up, the beater and the mix pump run, while the refrigeration unit is off. This function is timed and ends automatically when the set time (usually 10 minutes) is reached. The display indicates decreasing time.
Note: Too an extended operation time is not advisable.
PASTEURIZING function
Disabled function
“WAIT” and “SERVE”
If ice cream consistency drops below the programmed value, the red led WAIT on the key pad will light. This means that ice cream is not ready to be dispensed. When its consistency raises and ice cream distribution can restart, the led WAIT will switch off and the led SERVE (of course the one relevant to the ice cream flavour selected) will switch on. When you dispense an ice cream portion from the central (mixed ice cream) piston and ice cream in one of the cylinders has not reached the programmed consistency, that side will be locked and the led WAIT will light: relevant outlets will be deactivated. If you keep on taking ice cream out from the central spigot, only will ice cream flavour be dispensed which led "SERVE" is on.
Tank mix level
Low mix level in the tank is only indicated by the display. Low level on the left side is indicated on display by a blinking message “ç add mix”: Low level on the right side is indicated on display by a blinking message “Add mix è”: Such a condition in Production allows the distribution of the set number of cones, only.
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3.3 SPIGOT HANDLE
In order to dispense the product, place a cup or a cone under the spout and slowly pull down the disepnsing handle. As soon as the product comes out, twist the cup or the cone to form a cone­shaped serving. When the portion has reached the desired size, close the dispensing handle and quickly pull the cone or the cup down in order to sharpen the tip.
Dispensing handle
3.4 "R" PUMP
"R" pump allows, by changing position of regulator pos. 271, to vary proportions between air and mix conveyed to the freezing cylinder; so, within certain limits, it allows overrun regulation depending on mix used. "R" pump regulator should be set to the middle position. If, after dispensing a significant number of cones, ice cream is too heavy and wet, you may move R pump regulator a notch at a time towards the right. If ice cream comes out of spigot mixed with air bubbles, then turn R pump regulator a notch at a time towards the left.
271
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3.5 PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS, WASHING AND SANITIZING
Before starting the machine for the first time, it is necessary to thoroughly clean its parts and sanitize all parts coming into contact with the mix.
WARNING
Cleanout and sanitization must be carried out every day, as a habit and with utmost care,
in order to secure quality of production in the observance of healthy rules.
3.5.1 Cleaning
Lift tank cover and from its inside take out bag containing accessories, instruction booklet and warranty sheet. Remove the tank cover
Disassembling the pump
- Disconnect the connection pipe (pos. 207) by turning it to match with the hole and free it from
the pin found on the pump cover.
- Pull the connection pipe backwards and remove the feeding pipe (pos. 32) by turning it by 90°
then pulling upwards.
- Removing the pump by turning it clockwise of 45° then pull backwards.
- Disassemble the pump (see section 5 of this manual).
96
243
39
248
1178
38A
202
1117
207
550
38
245
206
1126
271
8B
1117
32
1131
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Removing the front lid
8A
Remove the two retaining knobs (pos. 8A) and pull the lid assembly towards you, sliding it off the two front panel studs. Pull the dispensing handle (pos. 5) so the pistons (pos. 30 and 302) raises in its housing. Remove the pivot pin O-ring (pos. 1285) and pull the pivot pin (pos. 6) out releasing the dispensing handle (pos. 5). Using the dispensing handle lever pull the pistons (pos. 30 and 302) out completely. Using the o-ring extractor, remove the o-rings (pos. 303, 1153 and
1188).
30
302
303
1153
1285
6
1188
7
5
43
Removing the beater
Pull the beater out of the cylinder. Slide the beater seal (pos. 28) out of the beater shaft. Pull the idler (pos. 24) slightly to the front of the beater until the groove in the shaft of the idler lines up with the slot on the beater frame. Pull the idler out.
28
24
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1- Fill a clean sink with detergent and hot water (50-60°C). 2- Wash the disassembled parts with the solution and scrub them thoroughly with the brushes
provided with the machine. As you proceed, rinse with hot water. Make sure all lubricant and mix film is removed from the parts.
3- Fill another sink with sanitizer prepared in 21-32°C water (ex. 1 pack in 9.5 litres of water). 4- Place the parts in the sanitizing solution. Leave them there at least 1 minute (using the
sanitizing solution, sanitizer manufacturers' directions are to be followed).
5- Place the components on a clean tray to air-dry. 6- Return to the machine with a small amount of sanitizer. 7- Dip a brush into the sanitizer and thoroughly brush the freezing cylinder 8- Dip the brush Pos. 772D (D. 30x640) into the sanitizer and thoroughly brush the drip pipe. 9- Dip a brush into the sanitizer and thoroughly brush clean the mix inlet hole and the pump drive
hub opening in the rear mix tank.
10- Spray the back of cylinders and the tankswalls with sanitizer.
Repeat step 7, 8, 9 and 10 several times
Reassemble and place the compression tubes (see section 5 of this manual) into the tanks and connect to the pumps only when cleaning operations are complete. Reassemble the pumps (see section 5 of this manual), making sure to use food-grade lubricant on all o-ring and insert them into the tanks Reassemble the beater (see section 5 of this manual), insert it completely into the freezing cylinder, by grasping it with both hands.
WARNING
Insert the beater minding not to hit it against the cylinder wall, since you might scratch
it and so jeopardize the correct machine operation.
Reassemble the front lid (see section 5 of this manual) and install it back. Place the cover back.
3.5.2 Sanitizing
CAUTION
For the use of sanitizers, instructions on labels are to be followed.
The machine must be sanitized before mix is poured in. Proceed as follows: 1- Fill the tanks to their maximum levels with sanitizer prepared in 21-32 °C water (ex. 1 pack
in 9.5 litres water) and allow to drain into the cylinders.
2- Using the brush, clean the mix level sensors, the entire surface of the mix tanks and the
surface of the mix pumps.
3- Select CLENOUT function and let the beater run about 10 seconds. Press the STOP button.
Cylinders and pumps are now filled with sanitizing solution. 4- Return to the machine with a small amount of sanitizer solution in a pail. 5- Dip the front lid brush in the pail of sanitizer and brush clean the dispensing spout. Repeat
twice. 6- Wipe the exterior of machine with a clean sanitized towel. Repeat twice. 7- Wait for at least 5 minutes before proceeding with the next instructions. 8- Place an empty pail under the front lid and pull the handles 9- Allow all of the sanitizer to drain. If the sanitizing solution does not flow out completely, keep
the spigot open and select CLENOUT function, keep the beater runnig 5 seconds so that the
last solution residues flow out, then push STOP.
CAUTION
Do not keep the beater running more than the time strictly needed to complete
washing and sanitizing.
3.5.3 Hygiene
Mildew and bacteria grow rapidly in the ice cream fat contents. To eliminate them, it is necessary to thoroughly wash and clean all parts in contact with mix and ice cream, as described above. Stainless steel and plastic materials, as well as rubber used in the construction and also their particular shapes make cleanout easy, but cannot prevent proliferation of mildew and bacteria if not properly cleaned.
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3.6 STARTING THE MACHINE
After installing the machine according to the instructions given in the chapter INSTALLATION, and after carefully cleaning and sanitizing the machine, proceed as follows:
Remove the compression pipes from tanks bottoms and place them in the sanitizing solution.
Filing the tanks :
Take 1 bag of mix from the refrigerator.
NB.: Mix to be poured at a temperature of 4-5°C.
Pour one bag of mix intoeach tank allowing it to be
convenyed into the freezing cylinders. Mix level in the tank must never reach the pump (see picture) and more mix must be added when level goes below about 2 cm from tank bottom.
Lower the distribution handles and wait until only full
strength mix will come out of the lid; close the handles.
Connecting the mix pressure pipe :
Keep on pouring the mix and wait till the cylinders have been completely filled (during
that time you see bubbles in the tanks); with sanitized hands, draw the compression pipes out from the sanitizing solution and insert them into relevant tank bottoms.
Turn the compression pipes clockwise and align them to the pump, insert the connection
pipes (pos. 207) well into the compression pipes, then into the pumps and lock them. Mix inside the tanks shall never reach the pump (see the picture); furthermore mix shall be added whenever level is 2 cm from tank bottom.
Place tank covers back.
Select the function Production and after a few minutes, ice cream is ready for
distribution.
MAX
MIN
3.7 PRODUCTION
Dispense icecream without exceeding the machine production rate as shown in the table on page
10. If you do not exceed it, and provide to refill the machine with fresh mix, you can be sure you will never have to stop selling, even during peak hours.
When the message AGGIUNGERE MIX (ADD MIX)è it means that the mix has reached the minimum level in the right-hand tank and, as a consequence, more mix must be added because the machine would dispense a programmed number of cones, and then it would automatically set to Storage. If the mix has reached the minimum level in the left-hand tank, the display indicates
çAGGIUNGERE MIX (ADD MIX); if mix has reached the minimum level in both tanks, the
display will indicate During closing time of the store, set your machine to STORAGE by pressing STOP and through SELECTION key, select the function STORAGE.
You will save significantly on energy consumption, as the compressor runs only for the time strictly necessary in order to keep product at its correct temperature. When you reopen the store, set the machine to STOP and then to PRODUCTION. Within a few minutes youghourt icecream will be back at the correct consistency for sale. If the machine has been stopped a long time due to a power failure, it is necessary that you check product temperature before starting the sale again; if the temperature is over +6°C, the machine must be emptied, cleaned and sanitized, and filled up with new fresh mix at +4°C.
çAGGIUNGERE MIX (ADD MIX)è
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3.8 ALARMS
The machine is provided with a self- CHECK device to indicate possible troubles.
The
led blinks if the alarm is active and it is kept on as alarm reminder. In order to read the
latest alarm, press STOP and ckeck which alarm activated through the table below. The machine can be used in production mode, if the alarm is not a critical one; if it is, instead, a critical alarm, the machine does not allow the selection of production: should this be the case, press STOP and do not use the machine till its repair.
ALARM DESCRIPTION
Add mix (ç o è)
Mix out (ç or è) (MIX OUT)
Motor thermal relays (PTMA1 or PTMA2 or PTMC)
Tank sensor alarm
(TEV) Cyl. sensor alarm
(TEC)
Tank ice sensor faulty (TGV)
Front lid open (IMS)
Evap. sensor alarmç (TE1)
Evap. sensor alarmè (TE2)
Inputç=0 (AGITA) HOT1 < 8
Inputè=0 (AGITA) HOT2 < 8
Blackout (BLACK OUT)
ICE cyl.ç (ICE1)
ICE cyl.è (ICE2)
no gas
è
(TIME OUT sx)
no gas ç (TIME OUT dx)
WAIT (ç or è) (Stand By)
Add mix is displayed when mix level on relevant side is low. That side is indicated with left or right arrow. If both sides show a low mix level "Add mix ç" will alternate with "Add mix è"
When mix does not even reach the minimum and in Production modee one takes a number of cones same as or higher than the value set in step Last cones, the message Mix out will be displayed together with the arrow indicating side where mix has finished. Side involved a will pass to Storage. .ALARM led will also blink. If you now try to dispense ice cream from the side where mix has finished, the machine will set to Storage. If mix has finished on both sides, " Mix out ç" will alternate with"Mix out è" on display.
Left or right beater motor or compressor thermal relay (bimetallic) has tripped. Machine set to Stop.
Tank sensor faulty. Being a critical alarm, machine sets to Stop, alike from Distribution and from Storage modes.
Cylinder sensor faulty. Being a critical alrm, machine sets to Stop from Storage mode, whereas in Distribution, machine is left in the same function being consistency controlled.
Tank evap. sensor faulty. The alarm lights ALARM led which blinks . Machine will not however stop (it keeps the function in progress)
Safety magnetic switch
Left cyl. evap. sensor faulty. The alarm lights ALARM led which blinks . Machine will not however stop (it keeps the function in progress)
Right cyl. evap. sensor faulty. The alarm lights ALARM led which blinks . Machine will not however stop (it keeps the function in progress)
No signal from left ammetric transformer (TRA1) or CPU reads a HOT <8. Machine sets to Stop.
No signal from right ammetric transformer (TRA2) or CPU reads a HOT <8. Machine sets to Stop.
Power faillure. Check blackout table under Distribution mode.
Left cylinder anti-ice read by sensor TE1. In Production, when TE1 gets lower than the value set in step Ice cylinder, the machine sets to Storage. Alarm signal might be caused by an insufficient feeding to cylinder. Check pump efficiency. When the cylinder temperature raises back, the alarm will reset. If ralarm signal will instead appear in Stop , it is then necessary to check/replace sensor TE1because "readable" full scale temperature will be read by the CPU.
Right cylinder anti-ice read by sensor TE2 In Production, when TE2gets lower than the value set t in step Ice cylinder, the machine sets to Storage. Alarm signal might be caused by an insufficient feeding to cylinder. Check pump efficiency. When the cylinder temperature raises back, the alarm will reset. If ralarm signal will instead appear in Stop , it is then necessary to check/replace sensor TE2 because "readable" full scale temperature will be read by the CPU.
In PRODUCTION left beater motor is controlled and if it is ON more than 15 minutes without reaching HOT,the machine sets to STOP with alarm No gas è".Timer will be reset on MIR and on starting of MAè.
In PRODUCTION right beater motor is controlled and if it is ON more than 15 minutes without reaching HOT,the machine sets to STOP with alarm No gas ç". Timer will be reset on MIR and on starting of MAç.
In Production, every time consistency gets lower than the value programmed in step Block Hot, red led of WAIT semaphore lights to indicate a stand-by position for ice cream getting ready .If you try to take ice cream out ,now, everything will stop (MA and MC) till photocell is busy . As soon as it is free, both MA and MC will re-start in order to bring ice cream to its proper consistency.
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3.8.1 Blackout
In the event of a blackout, if the machine was in functions mentioned below, namely
- in Cleaning, on power return, it sets to STOP;
- in Production or Storage: on power return, the machine sets back to the function where it was before the "blackout" on display.
3.9 PROGRAMMING FOR THE USER
In order to enter Programming User, it is necessary to press Selection key and hold it down (from STOP) till the display of “Hot ç”
Press Stop in order to enter next step or Selection and so change the value. See programming table.
To leave programming mode, do not press any key about 15 seconds. The machine will so set back to STOP.
Step Display ITA Display ENG Min Max Default 193 P
P01 Hot ç Hot ç 000 110 100 P02 Hot è Hot è 000 110 100 P03 Ore Set Hours 00 23 P04 Minuti Set Minutes 00 59 P05 Secondi Set Seconds 00 59 P06 Giorno Settimana Set Day of Week SUN SAT P07 Giorno del Mese Set Day of Month 01 31 P08 Mese Set Month 01 12 P09 Linguaggio Language ITA ENG ITA
100 100
ITA
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4. SAFETY DEVICES
4.1 SAFETY SYSTEMS ON THE MACHINE
PRESSURE SWITCH
It protects the refrigeration system and causes the compressor to stop if the pressure of the system exceeds the pressure switch setting value. This may occur especially due to a lack of water (machine with water condenser) or air circulation problems (machine with air condenser). The switch resets itself automatically.
WARNING
if the compressor runs for an excessive time or stops and starts repeatedly,
this indicates insufficient condensation; check the causes.
OPERATOR PROTECTIONS
Safety microswitch on the lid. A microswitch is located on the lid of the beating cylinder, containing the beating unit, which stops the machine immediately when the lid is opened. The machine enters STOP mode and the display
shows the message "Front lid open" and the led
When the lid is closed back, the machine remains stopped and shuts off the alarm on the monitor.
WARNING
Always make sure that the machine is in STOP mode before opening the lid.
lights.
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5. DISASSEMBLING AND CLEANING THE PARTS IN CONTACT WITH MIX
Use a mild detergent to wash the parts. Wash (by hands) the parts in water (at max 60°C), using a mild detergent ans the accessory brushes. Use neither dish-washing machines, no detergents intended for them. For rinse, use (bacteria free) drinking water. For sanitizing, leave the parts in sanitize lukewarm water 10 to 15 minutes (using the sanitizing solution, the sanitizer manufacturers' directions are to be followed) and rinse before reassembling them.
5.1 PROGRAMMED CLEANING TIME
WARNING
Cleanout and sanitization must be carried out every day, as a habit and with utmost care,
in order to guarantee quality of production in the observance of healthy rules.
5.2 DRAINING AND CLEANING
1. Place an empty pail under the spout.
2. Press the
3. Pull the dispensing levers and drain the ice cream.
4. Select CLENOUT function
5. When the product coming out becomes liquid, push STOP button and leave the spout open.
6. Disconnect the connection pipes (pos. 207) from pumps and compession pipes (pos. 32), turn the latters by 90° and lift them in order to take them out from their own seats inside the tanks. Wait until all the product has flown out from tanks, now. Disassemble the pumps by turning them clockwise by 45° and pulling them towards you.
7. Wait until the liquid mix flows out completely and then set the distribution handles back to closing position. Fill the tanks with 10 litres clean water. Clean tank walls and level sensor with the brushes provided. With a smaller brush, also clean pump and compression pipe seats.
8. Place an empty pail under spout. Open the spigot piston and let the water drain out.
9. Rinse with warm water until the solution runs clear.
10.Select CLENOUT function and let the beater run for 10 seconds.
11.Turn the machine off by pushing the STOP
12.Fill the tanks with 10 litres of warm detergent solution.
13. Clean tank walls and level sensors with the brushes. With a smaller one also clean pump and compression pipe seats.
14. Pull the dispensing handle and let the liquid flow out completely.
15. Rinse with clear water, pull the spigot handles and let water flow out.
16. Fill the tanks with Sanitizer prepared in 21-32°C water (ex. 1 packet in 9,5 literso of water). Use
the white tank brush to scrub the mixtank and mix level sensor. Use the small brush to clean the mix inlet hole and the drive hub of the mix pump.
17. Select CLENOUT function and let the beater run 10 seconds.
18.Push the STOP button. Leave the Sanitizing solution at least 1 minute inside.
19.Pull the dispensing handle and let water flow completely out.
button.
.
button and let the water flow out.
5.3 DISASSEMBLING MIX PUMP
1. Take the connection pipes (pos. 207) out from the pumps and compression pipes pos. 32). Turn DX and SX compression piipes 90° anticlockwise and lift them while taking them out from their seats inside the tanks. Remove ORs (1117 and 1131).
2. Remove the pumps by turning them 45° clockwise and pulling backwards.
3. Remove air regulators (pos. 271), now, by turning them anticlockwise and pulling downwards.
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8A
4. Remove spring (pos. 206) and valve (pos. 245). With the extracotr provided, remove OR (pos.
1126).
5. Unscrew the two knobs (pos. 8B) in order to separate cover (pos. 202) and pump body(pos. 39).
6. Hit the pump body in order to remove its gearsi (pos. 38 and 38A). With the extractor, remove OR (pos. 1178).
96
243
39
248
1178
38A
202
1117
550
38
245
206
1126
271
8B
207
1117
32
1131
5.4 DISASSEMBLING FRONT LID
CAUTION
Before disassembling the front lid, make sure that tanks and cylinders are completely
drained.
1. Remove the two retaining knobs (pos. 8A) and pull the door assembly towards you sliding it off the two front panel studs.
2. Pull the dispensing handle (pos. 5) so the pistons (pos. 30 and 302) raise in their housing.
3. Remove the pivot pin o-ring (pos. 1285) and the pivot pin (pos. 6) out releasing the dispensing handle (pos. 5)
4. Using the dispensing handle pull the piston (pos. 30 and 302) out completely.
5. Using the o-ring extractor, remove the o-rings (pos. 1153, 303 and 1188).
1188
302
303
30
1153
1285
6
5
7
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5.5 DISASSEMBLING OF THE BEATER
1. Draw the beater out from the cylinder.
2. Slide the beater seal (pos. 28) out from the beater shaft.
3. Pull the idler (pos. 24) slightly to the front of the beater until the groove in the shaft of the idler lines up with the slot on the beater frame. Draw the idler out.
28
24
5.6 WASHING AND SANITIZING COMPONENTS
CAUTION
For the use of sanitizers, instructions on labels are to be followed.
1. Fill a clean sink with detergent and hot water (50-60°C).
2. Wash the disassembled parts with the solution and scrub them thoroughly with the brushes provided with the machine. As you proceed, rinse with hot water. Make sure lubricant and mix film are removed from parts.
3. Fill another sink with sanitizer prepared in 21-32°C water (ex. 1 packet in 9.5 litres water).
4. Place the parts in the sanitizing solution. Leave them there at least 1 minute.
5. Place the components on a clean tray to air-dry.
6. Return to the machine with a small amount of sanitizer.
7. Make sure machine is in STOP position, dip the brush (pos. 772D) into the sanitizer solution and thoroughly brush the drip pipe. Perform this operation every day.
ATTENTION
Avoiding this cleaning procedure (point 7) may cause seriouse damage to the motors.
Carpigiani is not responsible for warranty if this procedure has not been fully complied
8. Dip a brush into the sanitizer and thoroughly brush the freezing cylinder
9. Dip a brush into the sanitizer and thoroughly brush clean the mix inlet hole and the pump drive hub opening in the rear mix tank.
10.Spray the back of cylinder and the tank walls with sanitizer.
Repeat step 7, 8, 9 and 10 several times
4) Air-dry
3) Sanitize
2) Rinse
1) Wash
drip pipes
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5.7 REASSEMBLING THE MIX PUMP
1. Lubricate and place the o-ring (pos. 1117) back on the connection tube (pos. 207).
2. Lubricate and place the o-rings (pos. 1126 and 1131) back on the pressure pipe (pos. 32).
3. Insert the connection tube (pos. 207) assembly in the pressure pipe (pos. 32)
4. Dip the pressure pipe into a sanitizing solution.
5. Lubricate and install the punp body o-ring (pos. 1178) and the two o-rings (pos. 1266)
6. Lubricate the sides as well as the center of the pump gears (pos. 38 and 38A) with a thin film
of lubricant and insert them into the pump body (pos. 39). Do not lubricate the teeth of the
pump gears.
7. Lubricate and place the o-ring (pos. 1412) on the feeding tube (pos. 271).
8. Hold the pump cover (pos. 202) upside down and insert the back flow valve (pos. 245) and spring (pos. 206) in their pump cover housing.
9. Insert the feeding tube (pos. 271) in the pump cover: push and turn it clockwise.
10.Assemble the pump cover (pos. 202) with the feeding tube downwards onto the pump body and turn the two knobs (pos. 8) tightly; install the mix pump in the tank with the locking pin hook on the right, turning the pump anticlockwise until it locks onto the tank locking pin.
96
243
39
248
1178
38A
202
1117
550
38
245
206
1126
271
8B
207
1117
5.8 REASSEMBLING THE BEATER
1. Lubricate the sides of the beater seal (pos. 28) and slide it onto the beater shaft.
2. Insert the end of the idler shaft (pos. 24) in the rear housing and align the idler shaft groove with the frame front slot. Push the idler into position.
3. Insert the beater assembly into the cylinder. Pushi while turning it clockwise until it engages in its rear hub, otherwise the dispensing head cannot be fastened properly, mix can flow out and serious damage may occur.
28
24
32
1131
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5.9 REASSEMBLING FRONT LID
8A
1. Lubricate and slide the piston o-rings (pos. 1153 and 303) into their seats.
2. Insert the pistons (pos. 30 and 302), pointed end down, in the dispensing head (pos. 7) making sure that the piston square notch lines up with the rectangular opening on the spigot front.
3. Position the dispensing handle (pos. 5) on the lid (pos. 7) and insert the pivot pin (pos. 6) in its housing through the handle lever hole. Lubricate and insert the pivot pin o-ring (pos.
1285). Lubricate and slide the large front lid o-ring (pos. 1188) into its seat.
4. Insert the front lid assembly onto the two front panel studs and fasten it with the two knobs (pos. 8A) hand tight.
30
302
303
1153
1285
6
1188
7
5
43
5.10 SANITIZING THE WHOLE MACHINE
The machine must be sanitized before mix is poured in. Proceed as follows:
1. Fill the tanks to the maximum level with sanitizer prepared in 21-32°C water (ex. 1 packet in 9.5 litres of water) and allow to drain into the cylinders.
2. Using the brush, clean the mix level sensors, the entire surface of tanks and the surface of the mix pumps.
3. Select CLEANOUT function and let the beater run about 10 seconds. Press the STOP button. Cylinders and pumps are now filled with the sanitizing solution.
4. Return to the machine with a small amount of sanitizer solution in a pail.
5. Dip the door spout brush in the pail of sanitizer and brush clean the dispensing spout. Repeat the operation twice.
6. Wipe the exterior of machine with clean sanitized towel. Repeat the operation twice.
7. Wait for at least 5 minutes before proceeding with the next instructions.
8. Place an empty pail under the front lid and pull the handle
9. Allow all of the sanitizer to drain. If the sanitizing solution does not flow out completely, keep the spigot open and select CLEANOUT function, let the beater runnig 5 seconds so that the last solution residues flow out, then push STOP.
CAUTION
Do not keep the beater running more than the time strictly needed to complete
washing and saniting since the beater would wear out without lubricating action of
mix fats.
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5.11 PRIMING THE MIX PUMP
Tank filling:
Take 1 bag of mix from the refrigerator.
Pour one bag of mix into the each tank allowing it to drain into the freezing cylinders.
Lower the distribution handles and wait till only full strength mix (not mix and
sanitizer) will come out from front lid; close the handles.
Connecting the mix pressure pipe:
Keep on pouring the mix and wait till the cylinders have been completely filled (during
that time you see bubbles in the tanks); with sanitized hands, draw DX and SX compression pipes out from the sanitizing solution and insert them into relevant tank bottoms.
Turn the compression pipes (pos. 32) clockwise towards the pumps. With sanitized
hands, take the connection pipes (pos. 207) from the sanitizing solution and insert them well into the compression pipes (pos. 32), then into the pumps and lock them. Mix inside the tanks shall never reach the pump (see the picture); furthermore mix shall be added whenever level is 2 cm from tank bottom.
Place tank covers back.
Select the function Production and after a few minutes, ice cream is ready for
distribution.
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6. MAINTENANCE
6.1 SERVICING TYPOLOGY
ATTENTION
Any servicing operation requiring the opening of machine panels must be carried out with
machine set to stop and disconnected from main switch
Cleaning and lubricating moving parts is forbidden
Repairs of electrical and freezing plants must be carried out by skilled engineers
Operations necessary to proper machine running are such that most of servicing is completed during the machine production cycle. Servicing operations, such as cleaning of parts in contact with the product, replacing of stuffing boxes, disassembling of beater assembly are to be carried out at the end of a working day, so as to speed up servicing operations required. Herebelow you can find a list of routine servicing operations:
- Cleanout and replacement of stuffing box
Should you ever find that some product drips from dripping tubes on machine front, it means that stuffing boxes (pos. 28) have lost their tightness; when disassembling the beater, it is consequently necessary to check them and, according to the machine working period, to replace and alternate them with the stuffing boxes included in the machine accessory kit. If the stuffing boxes show no defects, they can be used again after washing them, when at room temperature they have regained their original shape. Replace stuffing boxes as follows: Draw the beater assembly out. Remove stuffing box from its seat Lubricate the new stuffing box and mount it Before putting the stuffing box away, clean and lubricate it so as to reach its elasticity again.
WARNING
If you continue to work after noting traces of product in the drawer, you further accen-
tuate the leakage of the stuffing box; this can lead to a malfunction of the machine serious
enough to halt production.
28
21
drip drawer
24
drip pipe
- Cleanout of beater assembly, cleanout of pump or feeding needle, cleanout and sanitization
of the all machine
To be carried out every day, according to procedures described in section 5 of this manual.
- Cleanout of panels
To be carried out daily with neutral soap, seeing to it that cleansing solution never reaches beater assembly at its inside.
WARNING
Never use abrasive sponges to clean machine and its parts, as it might scratch their
surfaces.
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6.2 WATERCOOLING
By machines with watercooled condenser, water must be drained from condenser at the end of selling season in order to avoid troubles in the event that the machine is stored in rooms where temperature may fall under 0°C. After closing water inlet pipe, withdraw drain pipe from its seat and let water flow out from circuit.
6.3 AIRCOOLING
Clean condenser, periodically, so as to remove dust, paper and what can prevent air from circulating. For cleanout, use a brush with long bristles or a bolt of compressed air.
ATTENTION
When using compressed air, put on personal protections in order to avoid accidents; put
on protective glasses
NEVER USE SHARP METAL OBJECTS TO CARRY OUT THIS OPERATION. GOOD WORKING OF A FREEZING PLANT MOSTLY DEPENDS ON CLEANING OF CONDENSER.
193 BAR P
6.4 TABLE OF SPARE PARTS EQUIPMENT
772
475
1188
28
772A
772A
772C
772B
772D
772C
772E
830
72
840
1131
1153
243
Pos. Description
28 Beater stuffing box
72 O ring extractor 243 Stuffing box 475 Accessories
772 Swab D8x250
772A Swab D15x350
772C Swab D40x400
Pos. Description
772D Swab D30x640
772E Swab D85x145x390
830 Food-grade lubrificant tube
840 Cleaning spatula 1131 Gasket OR 1153 Gasket OR 1188 Gasket OR
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7 TROUBLESHOOT GUIDE
IRREGULARITY
Compressor starts and then stops after a few seconds.
Mix or ice cream come out above or below piston though it is closed.
Mix coming out of drip tube
Piston hard to operate.
Ice cream comes out from front lid .
Low ice cream overrun
CAUSE
1.If machine is watercooled: water is not circulating.
2. If machine is aircooled: air is not circulating.
1.Piston without OR or OR is worn­out.
1.Stuffing box missing or worn-out.
1.Dry sugar on piston.
1.OR missing or not properly fit.
2.Front lid knobs not tightened evenly.
1."R" pump not properly adjusted
PROCEDURE TO FOLLOW
1.Open water inlet cock and check that pipe is not squashed nor bent.
2.Check that machine clearance is at least 80 mm from wall.
2.Call for service if necessary
1.Stop the machine and insert or replace it with a new one if worn-out.
1.Stop the machine and install it if missing. If worn-out, replace it with a new one.
1.Stop the machine and wash thoroughly and grease piston and OR with edible fat.
1.Stop the machine and check and put remedy.
2.Stop machine. loosen and tighten them again.
1.Change regulator (Pos. 271).
Drip drawer shows mix drops
1. Pump stuffing box not properly installed or damaged
1. Stop the machine, disassemble pumps and check their stuffing boxes are o.k.
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