Bosch MMD 540H User Manual

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MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter

Instruction Manual

540H Hybrid Multimeter | Table of Contents | 1

Contents

2 Introduction

3 Safety

7 Getting Started

8 Digital LCD Display 8 Front Panel Description 9 LCD Symbols

10 Push-button Functions

10 Mode Button 10 Manual range & Stroke 4/2,Hz,%,ms,CYL Button 10 Data Hold 11 Peak Hold 12 MAX/MIN 12 Backlight Button

13 Meter Functions

13 Voltage (V) 14 Resistance (Ω) 15 Diode Check( 16 Capacitance(CAP) 17 Audible Continuity ( 18 AC or DC Current (A) 19 Temperature (°C/°F) 20 Frequency (Hz) 21 Dwell ( 22 Duty Cycle (%) 23 Ms – PULSE. 25 RPM ( )

)

26 General Speciﬁ cations

27 Electrical Speciﬁ cations

30 Replacing the Battery 30 Battery Installation 31 Replacing the Fuses 32 Trouble Shooting

33 Warranty Information

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

2 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Introduction

This chapter covers brief, introductory information, You will ﬁ nd:

Safety precautionsÑ

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Safety | 3

Safety

DANGER

Engines produce carbon monoxide which

is odorless, causes slower reaction time, and can lead to serious injury. When the engine is operating, keep service areas WELL VENTILATED or attach the vehicle exhaust system to the shop exhaust removal system.

Set the parking brake and block the

wheels before testing or repairing the vehicle. It is especially important to block the wheels on front-wheel drive vehicles; the parking brake does not hold the drive wheels.

Wear an eye shield when testing or

repairing vehicles.

Exceeding the limits of this meter is dangerous. This will expose you to serious or possibly fatal injury. Carefully read and understand the cautions and the speciﬁ cation limits of this meter.

Voltage between any terminal and ground must not exceed 600V

DC or 600V AC.

Use caution when measuring voltage above 25V DC or 25V AC.

Circuit tested must be protected by a 20A fuse or circuit breaker.

Do not use the meter if it has been damaged.

Do not use the test leads if the insulation is damaged or if metal

is exposed.

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

4 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Safety

Safety Cont’d…

DANGER

Avoid electrical shock: do not touch the

test leads, tips or the circuit being tested.

Do not try a voltage measurement with the

test leads in the 20A or the mA terminal.

When testing for the presence of voltage or current, make sure

the meter is functioning correctly. Take a reading of a known voltage or current before accepting a zero reading.

Choose the proper range and function for the measurement. Do not try voltage or current measurements that may exceed the ratings marked on the Function/Range switch or terminal.

When measuring current, connect the meter in series with the load.

Never connect more than one set of test leads to the meter.

Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the common test lead.

The mA and the 20A terminals are protected by fuses. To avoid possible injury or damage, use only in circuits limited to 400mA or 20A for 30 seconds.

See also…

Fuse Replacement

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Safety | 5

Safety Cont’d…

IMPORTANT

To maintain accuracy of the meter, replace the discharged

battery immediately when the symbol “BAT” appears on the meter display.

Avoid measuring error from outside interference. Keep the meter away from spark plug or coil wires.

Avoid damaging the meter when testing voltage. Disconnect the test leads from the test points before changing functions.

Do not exceed the limits shown in the table below:

Function Terminal Input limit

DC/AC Volts, Ohm†/Continuity /Diode,CAP.,IR- TEMP. Adaptor, Type-K TEMP.,Hz,%Duty, Ms Dwell, RPM

AC/DC μA mA μA / mA 400mA DC/AC AC/DC20A 20A *20A DC/AC

V-Ω-RPM 600VoltsAC DC

*20 Amp measurement for 30 seconds maximum.

†Ohms can not be measured if voltage is present, ohms can be measured only in a non-powered circuit. However, the meter is protected to 600 volts.

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

6 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Notes

Notes:

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Getting S

tarted | 7

Getting Started

This chapter will help you get started. It describes the basic functions of the Meter.

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

8 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Basics

Meter Basics

1. Digital LCD display

Display features:

1a. Symbols to identify function 1b. Four character digital

display The digital display is best for stable inputs. The bar graph is best for rapidly changing inputs.

2. Function buttons

Press the button to select a function. A symbol will display to verify your choice.

3. Rotary Selector Switch

Turn this switch to select a function or turn the meter OFF.

4. Volts Terminal

The Red test lead is used to measure; Amps, Volts, Ohms, TEMP, Hz, RPM, Cap, mS and Dwell.

The Black test lead is used in the Common(COM) terminal for all tests.

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | LCD Display Symbols | 9

LCD Display Symbols and Annunciators

-8.8.8.8 LCD digits

Continuity

BAT Low Battery

Diode

DATA HOLD Data Hold

AUTO AutoRanging

AC Alternating Current or Voltage

DC Direct Current or Voltage

-9

n nano (10

μ micro (10

m milli (10

) (capacitance)

-6

) (amps, cap)

-3

) (volts, amps)

A Amps

k kilo (10

) (ohms)

F Farads (capacitance)

M mega (10

) (ohms)

Ω Ohms

V Volts

Hz Hertz (frequency)

% Percent (duty ratio)

ºF Degrees Fahrenheit

ºC Degrees Centigrade

IR TEMP Infrared Temperature

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

10 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Push-button Functions

Push–button Functions

Mode Button

Press the mode pushbutton to select the following functions; DC/AC Voltage, DC/AC

Current Resistance, Diode, Continuity & Capacitance

Manual Range & Stroke 4/2(DIS), z, %, ms +, CYL Button

Press to this button to select: STROKE 4, 2DIS, Hz ,%, ms+ , CYL range & V/A/ Resistance manual Range

Manual Ranging

The meter turns on in the autoranging mode.

Press the Range button to go to manual ranging.

The display icon “ range button will step to the next range as indicated by the units and decimal point location. Press and hold the Range button for two seconds to return to autoranging.

” will appear. Each press of the

Data Hold

The Data Hold function allows the meter to “freeze” a measurement for later reference.

Press the DATA HOLD button to

“freeze” the reading on the indicator. The indication of “HOLD” will appear in the display.

Press the DATA HOLD button again to return to

normal operation.

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Push-button Functions | 11

Peak Hold

The Peak Hold function captures the peak AC or DC voltage or current. The meter can capture negative or positive peaks as fast as 1 millisecond in duration.

Set the function switch to the Amps or

1. Volts.

Press and Hold the PEAK button until

2. “CAL” appears in the display. This procedure will zero the range selected & the meter will go into manual ranging mode.

Press the PEAK button, Pmax will display.

The display will update each time a higher positive peak occurs.

Press the PEAK button again, Pmin will display. The display will

5. now update and indicate the lowest negative peak.

To return to normal operation, press and hold the PEAK button

6. until the Pmin or Pmax indicator switches off.

NOTE: If the Function switch position is changed after a calibration the Peak Hold calibration must be repeated for the new function selected.

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

12 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Push-button Functions

MAX/MIN

Press the MAX/MIN key to activate the

1. MAX/MIN recording mode. The display icon “MAX or MIN” will appear. The meter will go into manual ranging mode & display and hold the maximum or minimum reading and will update only when a new “max or min” occurs.

Press the MAX/MIN key and a blinking “MAX MIN” will appear. The meter will display the present reading, but will continue to update and store the max and min readings.

To exit MAX/MIN mode press and hold the MAX/MIN key for 2 seconds.

Backlight Button

Press the BACKLIGHT button to turn

1. the backlighting ON.

Press the BACKLIGHT button again to

2. turn the backlighting OFF.

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions | 13

Meter Functions – Voltage (V)

Select the Volts “V” range with

the rotary switch.

The meter will automatically

select the best voltage (V) range.

Select DCV or ACV with the

MODE button.

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM terminal

Touch the Black probe to ground or to the negative (-) circuit

Touch the Red probe to the circuit coming from the power source

IMPORTANT: Voltage must be measured in parallel (Red probe measuring circuit from power source).

Black– Red+

WARNING

When measuring voltage, be sure the Red test lead is in the terminal marked “V”. If the test lead is in an Amp (A) or Milliamp (mA) terminal, the meter can be damaged and risk of personal injury.

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14 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multime

ter | Meter Functions

Meter Functions – Resistance (Ω)

IMPORTANT: If you are testing an application that has capacitors in the circuit, be sure to turn the power OFF on the test circuit and discharge all capacitors. Accurate measurement is not possible if external or residual voltage is present.

Select the Resistance

“Ω” range with the rotary switch.

Select the Resistance “Ω”

function with the Mode button. Please note, the unit defaults to resistance.

Insert:

Black lead in COM

terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM

terminal.

Touch the test lead probes across the resistor to be tested.

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

Black– Red+

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions | 15

Meter Functions – Diode Check ( )

IMPORTANT: Turn the power OFF to the test circuit

Select the Diode Check “

” function with the rotary switch and mode button.

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM terminal.

Touch the Black test probe to the negative (-) side of the diode.

Touch the Red test probe to the positive (+) side of the diode. Reverse the probes: Black to the positive (+) side and Red to the negative (-) side.

NOTE: A “good” diode will read low in one `direction and high in the other direction when the probes are reversed (or vice versa).

A defective diode will have the same reading in both directions or read between 1.0 to 3.0 V. in both directions.

Black– Red+

Reverse Probes

Diode - to +

Good

Bad

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

.4 to .9V OL OL .4 to .9V OL 1.0 to 3.0V

1.0 to 3.0V OL .4 to .9V .4 to .9V OL OL .000V .000V

+ to -

16 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multime

ter | Meter Functions

Meter Functions – Capacitance (CAP)

IMPORTANT: Turn the power OFF to the test circuit

Select the Capacitance “CAP”

function with the rotary switch and mode button

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM terminal

CAUTION: When checking incircuit capacitance, be sure that the circuit has all power removed and all capacitors are fully discharged.

Touch the test lead probes across the capacitance circuit to be tested. Read the measured value from the LCD display.

NOTE:

The bar graph is disabled in

capacitance measurement mode. However, since the measurement time of 4mF and 40mF modes is quite long (3.75s and 7.5s respectively, to be precise), the bar graph is instead used to display the time required to accomplish the measurement.

In order to obtain an accurate reading, a capacitor must be

discharged before measurement begins. The meter has a builtin discharge mode to automatically discharges the capacitor. In discharge mode, the LCD displays “DIS.C”

Discharging through the chip is quite slow. We recommend the

user to discharge the capacitor with some other apparatus.

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

Black– Red+

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions | 17

Meter Functions – Audible Continuity ( )

IMPORTANT: Turn the power OFF on the test circuit

Select the Audible Continuity

” function with the rotary

“ switch and mode button.

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM terminal.

Connect one test probe to each end of the circuit to be tested.

Circuit complete, the meter

will beep continuously.

Circuit open, there is no beep

and the display shows to OL (over limit).

Black– Red+

Circuit open

- no beep

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18 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions

Meter Functions – AC or DC Current (A)

IMPORTANT: All current measured ﬂ ows through the meter.

It is important that you do not:

Measure current greater than 600

1. Volts AC or DC, with respect to ground.

Do Not Exceed 30 seconds when

2. measuring continuous current between 1A-20A. Allow ﬁ ve minutes for cool down before continuing.

Select the “20A” or “mA” range with

the rotary switch.

Press the Mode button to select AC or

DC.

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Round ide

Black–Red

Red lead in the 20A or mA terminal

(select 20A if you are unsure of the current draw).

IMPORTANT: Turn OFF all power to the circuit or disconnect the circuit from the power source.

Connect:

The Red probe to the side of the circuit closest to the power

source.

The Black probe to the side of the circuit to ground.

Turn the power ON and test.

NOTE: Current must always be measured with the meter test probes connected in series, as described

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions | 19

Meter Functions – Temperature (°C/°F )

IMPORTANT: To avoid heat damage to the meter, keep it away from sources of very high temperature. The life of the Temperature Probe is also reduced when subjected to very high temperatures. Probe operating range is –58° to 482°F.

Select the Temper ature

“°C or °F” function with the rotary switch.

Insert the temperature

probe connector into the K-type thermocouple adapter. Insert the adapter into the front of the meter as shown.

Temperature Sensor

emperature

T Probe

Touch the end of the temperature sensor to the area or surface

of the object to be measured.

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20 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multime

ter | Meter Functions

Meter Functions – Frequency(Hz)

Select the “Hz” Frequency

function with the rotary switch.

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM

terminal.

Connect the Black test probe to ground.

Connect the Red test probe to the “signal out” wire of the sensor to be tested.

Black– Red+

“Signal O ut” Side

“Volta ge In” Side

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

Ground Side

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions | 21

Meter Functions – Dwell ( )

Select the “DWELL” function

with the rotary switch.

Insert:

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM terminal.

Connect the Black test probe to ground.

Connect the Red test probe to the wire that connects to the breaker points (see illustration).

Black– Red+

To br eake r Points

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22 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multime

ter | Meter Functions

Meter Functions – Duty Cycle (%)

Select the “%DUTY”

Cycle function with the rotary switch.

Insert:

Black lead in COM

terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM

terminal.

Connect the Black test probe to ground.

Connect the Red test probe to the signal wire circuit.

The illustration for a mixture control solenoid is shown with the metering rod in the closed position. The meter will display the percentage of time the plunger is in the closed position. (low duty cycle) during one duty cycle.

Black– Red+

Mixture Control Shown

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Met

er Functions | 23

Meter Functions – ms-PULSE (Pulse Width) & ms-PERIOD (Period)

Pulse Width is the length of time an actuator is energized. For example, fuel injectors are activated by an electronic pulse from the Engine Control Module (ECM).

This pulse generates a magnetic ﬁ eld that pulls the injectors nozzle valve open.

The pulse ends and the injector nozzle is closed.

This open to close time is the Pulse Width and is measured in milliseconds( ms).

The most common automotive application for measuring pulse width is on fuel injectors.

You can also measure the pulse width of the fuel mixture control solenoid and the idle air control motor.

Measuring Pulse Width on Port Fuel injectors is described on the following page.

(continued on next page)

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

24 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions

(continued from previous page)

To measure pulse width (mS):

Select the “mS-Pulse”

function with the rotary switch .

Press the ±TRIG button for

2 seconds until the negative (-) trigger slope is displayed on the upper left side of the display.

NOTE: The applied time for most fuel injectors is displayed on the negative (-) slope.

Insert:

Black lead in COM jack.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM jack.

Connect:

Jumper wires between the fuel injector and the harness connector.

Black test probe to a good

Black– Red+

Mixture Control Shown

Jumper Leads From Port Fuel Injector

Good Ground

ground at the fuel injector or the negative (-) vehicle battery post.

Red test probe to the fuel injector solenoid driver input on the jumper cable.

Start the engine. A pulse width in milliseconds should be read.

NOTE: Initially, the unit will read “OL”, then readings will descend and stabilize to the actual pulse width. If “OL” remains, re-check your connections.

Robert Bosch LLC MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008

MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Meter Functions | 25

Meter Functions – RPM/×10RPM

Select the RPM range with the rotary

switch.

Select the×10RPM range with the rotary

switch (1,000 to 12,000 RPM). Multiply the displayed reading by ten to get actual RPM.

Press STROKE through RPM 2-stroke and DIS ignitions.

Insert the inductive pickup connecting terminals into the meter.

Black lead in COM terminal.

Red lead in V-Ω-RPM terminal.

Connect the inductive pickup to a spark plug wire. If no reading is received, unhook the clamp, turn it over and connect again.

NOTE:

Position the inductive pick-up as far away from the distributor

and the exhaust manifold as possible.

Position the inductive pick-up to within six inches of the spark

plug or move it to another plug wire if no reading or an erratic reading is received.

RPM 4: For RPM of 4-stroke engines which have 1 ignition on every

4 engine strokes

/ DIS button to select

for 4-stroke, RPM for

RPM 2: For RPM of DIS ( Distributorless lgnition System) & 2-stroke

engines which Have 1 ignition on every 2 engine strokes

NOTE: The rpm pick-up has an adjustable sensitivity switch that can also be used to correct an unstable reading.

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

26 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multime

ter | General Speciﬁ cations

General Speciﬁ cations

The instrument complies with: IEC 1010-1 EN61010-1.

Insulation: Class2, Double insulation.

Overvoltage category: CATIII1000V/CATIV600V.

Display: 4000 counts LCD display with function indication.

Polarity: Automatic, (-) negative polarity indication.

Overrange: “OL” mark indication.

Low battery indication: The “BAT” is displayed when the battery

voltage drops below the operating level.

Measurement rate: 2 times per second, nominal.

Auto power off: Meter automatically shuts down after approx. 30

minutes of inactivity.

Operating environment: 0° C to 50° C (32° F to 122° F) at < 70 % relative humidity.

Storage temperature: -20° C to 60° C (-4° F to 140° F) at < 80 % relative humidity.

For inside use, max height: 2000m

Pollution degree: 2

Power: One 9V battery , NEDA 1604, IEC 6F22.

Dimensions: 182 (H) x 82 (W) x55 (D) mm

Weight Approx.: 375g.

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MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Electrical Speciﬁ cations | 27

Electrical Speciﬁ cations

*Accuracy is given as±([% of reading]+[number of least signiﬁ cant digits]) at 18° to 28°(65°F to 83°F), with relative humidity up to 70%.

RPM (Tach)

Range Resolution Accuracy

RPM 4 600~4000 RPM 1 RPM

1000~12000 RPM (X10 RPM)

RPM 2/DIS 300~4000 RPM 1 RPM

1000~6000 RPM (X10 RPM)

Effect Reading: >600 RPM

Dwell Angle

Cylinder Range Resolution Accuracy

4CYL 0~90.0° 0.1°

5CYL 0~72.0°

6CYL 0~60.0°

8CYL 0~45.0°

10 RPM

±2 % of rdg ±4 dgts

10 RPM

±2.0% of rdg ±4 dgts

DC Voltage

Range Resolution Accuracy

400.0mV 0.1mV

4.000V 1mV

40.00V 10mV

400.0V 100mV

600V 1V

Input Impedance: 10MΩ

±0.5% of rdg ±2 dgts ±1.5% of rdg ±2 dgts

±1.8% of rdg ±2 dgts

AC Voltage

Range Resolution Accuracy

4.000V 1mV

40.00V 10mV

400.0V 100mV

600V 1V

Input Impedance: 10MΩ.

Frequency Range: 50 to 60Hz

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

±1.0% of rdg ±3 dgts ±1.5% of rdg ±3 dgts

±2.0% of rdg ±4 dgts

28 | MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Electrical Speciﬁ cations

DC Current

Range Resolution Accuracy

40.00mA 10uA ±1.5% of rdg ±3 dgts

400.0mA 100uA

20A 10mA ±2.5% of rdg ±5 dgts

Overload Protection: 0.5A / 250V and 20A / 250V Fuse.

Maximum Input: 400mA dc or 400mA ac rms on uA / mA ranges,20A dc or ac rms on 20A range.

AC Current

Range Resolution Accuracy

40.00mA 10uA ±1.8% of rdg ±5 dgts

400.0mA 100uA

20A 10mA ±3.0% of rdg ±7 dgts

Overload Protection: 0.5A / 250V and 20A / 250V Fuse.

Frequency Range: 50 to 60 Hz

Maximum Input: 400mA dc or 400mA ac rms on uA / mA ranges, 20A dc or ac rms on 20A range.

Resistance

Range Resolution Accuracy

400.0Ω 0.1Ω ±1.2% of rdg ±4 dgts

4.000kΩ 1Ω ±1.0% of rdg ±2 dgts

40.00kΩ 10Ω ±1.2% of rdg ±2 dgts

400.0kΩ 100Ω

4.000MΩ 1kΩ

40.00MΩ 10kΩ ±2.0% of rdg ±3 dgts

Capacitance

Range Resolution Accuracy

4.000nF 1pF ±5.0% of rdg±50 dgts

40.00nF 10pF ±5.0% of rdg ±7 dgts

400.0nF 0.1nF ±3.0% of rdg ±5 dgts

4.000uF 1nF

40.00uF 10nF

400.0uF 0.1uF

4.000mF 0.001mF ±10% of rdg ±10 dgts

40.00mF 10.00mF

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MMD 540H Hybrid Multimeter | Electrical Speciﬁ cations | 29

Frequency

Range Resolution Sensitivity Accuracy

4.000kHz 1Hz >5V RMS ±1.5% of rdg ±3 dgts

40.00kHz 10Hz

400.0kHz 100Hz

40.00MHz 1kHz >10V RMS ±2.0% of rdg ±4 dgts

Duty Cycle

Range Resolution Accuracy

0.1%~99.9% 0.1% ±2% of rdg ±2 dgts

Pulse width: >100us, <100ms;

Frequency width: 5Hz – 100kHz

Sensitivity: >5V RMS

Pulse Width

Range Resolution Accuracy

1.0~ 20.0ms 0.1ms ±2% of rdg ±20 dgts

Type-K Temperature

Range Resolution Accuracy

-30° C~ 1000° C 1° C ±3% of rdg ±5° C/8° F (Meter

-22° F~1832° F 1° F

Sensor: Type K Thermocouple

only, probe accuracy not included)

Diode Test

Test current Resolution Accuracy

1.0mA typical 1 mV ±5% of rdg ±15 dgts

Open circuit voltage: 3.0V dc typical

Audible continuity

Audible threshold: Less than35Ω Test current: <1mA dc typical

MMD 540H Instruction Manual | Version 1 | February 2008 Robert Bosch LLC

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