Asus X2008EX User Manual

GigaX 2008EX

User Manual

Layer 2 Managed Switch

E2328

First Edition V1

Nov 2005

Copyright © 2005 ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. All Rights Reserved. No part
of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be
reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated
into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by
the purchaser for backup purposes, without the express written permission of
ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (ASUS).

Product warranty or service will not be extended if: (1) the product is repaired,
modified or altered, unless such repair, modification of alteration is authorized in
writing by ASUS; or (2) the serial number of the product is defaced or missing.

ASUS provides this manual “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express
or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties or conditions of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall ASUS,
its directors, officers, employees, or agents be liable for any indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages (including damages for loss of profits,
loss of business, loss of use or data, interruption of business and the like), even
if ASUS has been advised of the possibility of such damages arising from any
defect or error in this manual or product.

Specifications and information contained in this manual are furnished for
informational use only, and are subject to change at any time without notice,
and should not be construed as a commitment by ASUS. ASUS assumes no
responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this
manual, including the products and software described in it.

Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be
registered trademarks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used
only for identification or explanation and to the ownersʼ benefit, without intent to
infringe.

Federal Communications Commission Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference, and

• This device must accept any interference received including interference that
may cause undesired operation.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed
to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with manufacturer ʼs
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If
this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

WARNING!

The use of shielded cables for connection of the monitor to the
graphics card is required to assure compliance with FCC regulations. Changes
or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the userʼs authority to operate this equipment.

Canadian Department of Communications Statement

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise
emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of
the Canadian Department of Communications.

This class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

ASUS contact information

ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (Asia-Pacific)

Address: 15 Li-Te Road, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
General Tel: [phone]
General Fax: [phone]
Web Site: www.asus.com.tw

Technical Support

MB/Others (Tel): [phone] (English)
Notebook (Tel): [phone] (English)
Desktop/Server (Tel): [phone] (English)
Support Fax: [phone]

ASUS COMPUTER INTERNATIONAL (America)

Address: 44370 Nobel Drive, Fremont, CA 94538, USA
General Fax: [phone]
General Email: [e-mail]
Web Site: usa.asus.com

Technical Support

Support Fax: [phone]
General Support: [phone]
Notebook Support: [phone] x5110
Support Email: [e-mail]

ASUS COMPUTER GmbH (Germany and Austria)

Address: Harkort Str. 25, D-40880 Ratingen, BRD, Germany
General Fax: [phone]
General Email: [e-mail] (for marketing requests only)

Technical Support

Support Hotlines: (Components) [phone]
(Notebook PC) [phone]
Support Fax: [phone]
Support Email: www.asuscom.de/de/support (for online support)
Web Site: www.asuscom.de

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................1

1.1 L2 managed features

................................................................. 1

1.2 Conventions used in this document

........................................... 2

1.2.1 Notations

.......................................................................................2

1.2.2 Typography

....................................................................................2

1.2.3 Symbols

.........................................................................................2

2 Getting to know the GigaX2008EX .......................................3

2.1 Package contents

...................................................................... 3

2.2 Front Panel

................................................................................. 4

2.3 Rear Panel

................................................................................. 5

2.4 Technical specifications

.............................................................. 5

3 Quick start guide ...................................................................6

3.1 Part 1 — Install the hardware

.................................................... 6

3.1.1 Install the switch on a flat surface

.................................................. 6

3.1.2 Mount the switch on a rack

............................................................6

3.2 Part 2 — Set up the switch

........................................................ 6

3.2.1 Connect the console port

............................................................... 6

3.2.2 Connect to the computers or a LAN

..............................................7

3.2.3 Attach the power adapter

.............................................................7

3.3 Part 3 — Basic switch setting for management

.......................... 8

3.3.1 Setting up through the console port

............................................... 8

3.3.2 Setting up through the Web interface

............................................ 9

4 Management with the Web Interface .................................11

4.1 Log into Web user interface

..................................................... 11

4.2 Functional layout

...................................................................... 12

4.2.1 Menu navigation tips

.................................................................... 13

4.2.2 Commonly used buttons and icons

.............................................14

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

4.3 System Pages

.......................................................................... 14

4.3.1 Management

................................................................................ 14

4.3.2 IP setup

.......................................................................................15

4.3.3 Administration

.............................................................................15

4.3.4 Reboot

........................................................................................16

4.3.5 Firmware Upgrade

.......................................................................16

4.4 Physical Interface

...................................................................17

4.5 Bridge

....................................................................................... 18

4.5.1 Link Aggregation

..........................................................................18

4.5.2 Mirroring

......................................................................................19

4.5.3 Traffic Control

..............................................................................20

4.5.4 Dynamic Addresses

.....................................................................20

4.5.5 Static Addresses

..........................................................................21

4.5.6 Tagged VLAN

..............................................................................22

4.5.7 Default Port VLAN and CoS

........................................................23

4.5.8 CoS Queue Mapping

...................................................................23

4.6 SNMP

.......................................................................................25

4.6.1 Community Table

.........................................................................25

4.6.2 Host Table

....................................................................................25

4.6.3 Trap Setting

.................................................................................26

4.7 Security

.................................................................................... 27

4.7.1 Port Access Control

.....................................................................27

4.7.2 Dial-In User

..................................................................................28

4.7.3 RADIUS

.......................................................................................29

4.8 Power over Ethernet (PoE)

........................................................ 29

4.9 Cable diagnosis

....................................................................... 30

4.10 Statistics Chart

....................................................................... 31

4.10.1 Traffic Comparison

......................................................................31

4.10.2 Error Group

............................................................................... 32

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

4.10.3 Historical Status

......................................................................... 32

4.11 Save Configuration

.................................................................. 33

5 Console Interface ................................................................34

5.1 Power On Self Test

..................................................................34

5.1.1 Boot ROM Command Mode

........................................................35

5.1.2 Boot ROM Commands

................................................................35

5.2 Login and Logout

...................................................................... 36

5.3 CLI Commands

........................................................................ 36

5.3.1 System Commands

.....................................................................37

5.3.2 Physical Interface Commands

.....................................................39

5.3.3 Bridge Commands

.......................................................................39

5.3.4 SNMP

..........................................................................................43

5.3.5 Security Commands

....................................................................45

5.3.6 PoE

..............................................................................................47

5.4 Miscellaneous Commands

....................................................... 49

6 IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets ....................50

6.1 IP Addresses

............................................................................. 50

6.1.1 Structure of an IP address

...........................................................50

6.1.2 Network classes

..........................................................................51

6.2 Subnet masks

..........................................................................51

7 Troubleshooting ..................................................................53

7.1 Diagnosing problems using IP utilities

.....................................53

7.1.1 ping

..............................................................................................53

7.1.2 nslookup

......................................................................................54

7.2 Simple fixes

..............................................................................55

8 Glossary ...............................................................................57

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

List of figures

Figure 1. GigaX2008EX L2 managed switch package contents

............ 3

Figure 2. Front panel

.............................................................................. 4

Figure 3. Rear panel

...............................................................................5

Figure 4. Overview of hardware connections

......................................... 8

Figure 5. Login and IP setup screen

..................................................... 10

Figure 6. Login screen

..........................................................................10

Figure 7. IP setup

................................................................................ 10

Figure 8. Configuration manager login screen

..................................... 11

Figure 9. Home page

............................................................................12

Figure 10. Top frame

............................................................................12

Figure 11. Expanded menu list

............................................................. 13

Figure 12. Management

.......................................................................15

Figure 13. IP Setup

............................................................................... 15

Figure 14. Administration

......................................................................16

Figure 15. Reboot

.................................................................................16

Figure 16. Firmware upgrade

............................................................... 17

Figure 17. Physical interface

................................................................ 17

Figure 18. Link aggregation

..................................................................19

Figure 19. Mirroring page

.................................................................... 19

Figure 20. Traffic control

.......................................................................20

Figure 21. Dynamic address

................................................................ 20

Figure 22. Static address

..................................................................... 21

Figure 23. Tagged VLAN

...................................................................... 22

Figure 24. Default port VLAN and CoS

................................................23

Figure 25. Cos queue mapping

............................................................ 24

Figure 26. Community table

................................................................25

Figure 27. Host table

............................................................................ 25

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

Figure 28. Trap setting

......................................................................... 26

Figure 29. Port access control

..............................................................28

Figure 30. Dial-In user

.......................................................................... 28

Figure 31. RADIUS

..............................................................................29

Figure 32. Power over Ethernet

........................................................... 30

Figure 33. Cable diagnosis

...................................................................31

Figure 34. Traffic comparison

............................................................... 32

Figure 35. Error group

.......................................................................... 32

Figure 36. Historical status

................................................................... 32

Figure 37. Save configuration

.............................................................. 33

Figure 38. CLI interface

........................................................................ 34

Figure 39. Boot ROM command mode

.................................................35

Figure 40. System commands

..............................................................37

Figure 41. Using the ping utility

............................................................ 53

Figure 42. Using the nslookup utility

.................................................... 54

List of tables

Table 1. Front panel labels and LEDs

.................................................... 4

Table 2. Rear panel labels

...................................................................... 5

Table 3. Technical specifications

............................................................5

Table 4. LED indicators

.......................................................................... 8

Table 5. Port color description

.............................................................. 13

Table 6. Commonly used buttons and icons

.........................................14

Table 7. Boot ROM commands

............................................................ 35

Table 8. IP address structure

................................................................50

Table 9. Troubleshooting

......................................................................55

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

1

GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

1 Introduction

Congratulations on becoming the owner of the ASUS GigaX2008EX L2 managed
switch! You may now manage your LAN (local area network) through a friendly
and powerful user interface.

This user guide tells you how to set up GigaX2008EX, and how to customize its
configuration to get the most out of this product.

1.1 L2 managed features

• Eight 10/100 Base-TX auto-sensing Fast Ethernet ports

• One 10/100/1000Base-T auto-sensing gigabit Ethernet switching port

• One small form factor (SFP) Gigabit interface converter (GBIC) slots

• Automatic MDI/MDIX support for 10/100Base-TX and 10/100/1000Base-T
ports

• 8K MAC address cache with hardware-assisted aging

• 802.3x flow control

• 802.1Q-based tagged VLAN, up to 256 VLANs

• 802.1p class of service, 4 queues per port

• 802.3ad link aggregation (manual), up to 15 trunk groups

• Port Mirroring

• 802.1x port-based network access control

• RADIUS remote authentication dial-in user service

• RMON: support 4 groups (1, 2, 3, 9)

• SNMP v1, v2

• MIB-II

• Enterprise MIB for PSU, fan, and system temperature, voltage

• Telnet remote login

• FTP for firmware update and configuration backup

• Syslog.

• Command Line Interpreter through console and telnet

• Web GUI

• LEDs for port link status

• LEDs for system and fan status

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

1.2 Conventions used in this document

1.2.1 Notations

• Acronyms are defined the first time they appear in text and in the glossary.

• For brevity, the GigaX switch is referred to as “the switch.”

• The terms LAN and network are used interchangeably to refer to a group of
Ethernet-connected computers at one site.

1.2.2 Typography

•

Boldface

type text is used for items you select from menus and drop-down

lists, and text strings you type when prompted by the program.

1.2.3 Symbols

This document uses the following icons to call your attention to specific
instructions or explanations.

Note:

Provides clarification or additional information on the

current topic.

Definition:

Explains terms or acronyms that may be unfamiliar to

many readers. These terms are also included in the Glossary.

Warning:

Provides messages of high importance, including

messages relating to personal safety or system integrity.

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

2 Getting to know the GigaX2008EX

2.1 Package contents

The GigaX2008EX switch package comes with the following items:

• GigaX2008EX (10-port) L2 managed switch

• AC Power cord

• Null modem cable for console interface (DB9)

• Rack installation kit (two brackets with six #6-32 screws)

• Installation CD-ROM

• User Manual

• Quick installation guide

Figure 1. GigaX2008EX L2 managed switch package contents

1
2

SYSTE

M

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FA
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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

2.2 Front Panel

The front panel includes eight 10/100Base-TX RJ-45 port, one 10/100/1000Base-T
port, one SPF GBIC slot and LED indicators that show the system,fan, and port
status.

Figure 2. Front panel

Table 1. Front panel labels and LEDs

Label Color Status Description

SYSTEM Green ON

Unit is powered on

Flashing

Self-test, initiating, or downloading

Amber ON

Abnormal temperature or voltage

OFF

No power

FAN Green ON

The fan is working properly

Amber ON

The fan stops

PoE Green ON

PD (Powered Devices) is connected and
ready to provide power

Flashing

PoE is off due to a fault on the port

OFF

PD is not connected or not a valid power
device

10/100 port

status

Green ON

Link is present at 100Mbps

Flashing

Transmitting data

Amber ON

Link is present at 10Mbps

Flashing

Transmitting data

OFF

No Ethernet link

GIGABIT

port status

Green

ON

Link is present

Flashing

Transmitting data

OFF

No Ethernet link

GIGABIT

port speed

Green ON

1000Mbps (RJ-45 or SFP)

Amber ON

100Mbps (RJ-45)

OFF

10Mbps (RJ-45)

Status
PoE

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

2.3 Rear Panel

The switch rear panel consists of the fan modules and a power connector.

Figure 3. Rear panel

Table 2. Rear panel labels

No. Label Description

1 Power Connector Connects to the supplied power cord

2 FAN System fan

2.4 Technical specifications

Table 3. Technical specifications

Physical

Dimensions

43.5mm(H) x 444mm(W) x 265mm(D)

Power

Input Consumption

100-240V AC/2.5A

50-60Hz

<90 watts

Environmental

Ranges

Operating Storage

Temperature

-10 to 50°C (14
to 122°F)

-40 to 70°C(-40 to
158°F)

Humidity 15 to 90% 0 to 95%

Altitude

up to 10,000ft

(3,000m)

40,000ft (12,000m)

System Fan

Dimensions

Voltage and

Current

Speed

40 x 40 x 20 mm 12V DC/0.13A 8200RPM

100-240VAC~

1

2

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

3 Quick start guide

This section provides the basic instructions to set up the GigaX2008EX working
environment. Refer also to the GigaX2008EX Installation Guide.

Part 1 shows you how to install the GigaX2008EX on a flat surface or on a rack.

Part 2 provides instructions to set up the hardware.

Part 3 shows you how to configure basic settings on the GigaX2008EX.

Obtain the following i nform ation from your netw ork admini strat or be fore
proceeding:

IP address for the switch

Default gateway for the network

Network mask for this network

3.1 Part 1 — Install the hardware

Connect the device to the power outlet, and your computer or network.

3.1.1 Install the switch on a flat surface

The switch should be installed on a level surface that can support the weight
of the switches and their accessories. Attach four rubber pads on the marked
location on the bottom of the switch.

3.1.2 Mount the switch on a rack

1. Attach brackets to each side of the switch and make the posts insert to the
switch.

2. Insert and tighten two screws to securely attach the bracket to the rack on
each side.

3.2 Part 2 — Set up the switch

Connect the device to the power outlet, and your computer or network.

3.2.1 Connect the console port

For console management, use an RS232 (DB9) to connect the switch. If you
want to use Web interface, connect your PC to the switch using the Ethernet
cable.

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

3.2.2 Connect to the computers or a LAN

You can use Ethernet cable to connect computers directly to the switch ports.
You can also connect hubs/switches to the switch ports by Ethernet cables.
You can use either the crossover or straight-through Ethernet cable to connect
computers, hubs, or switches.

Use a twisted-pair Category 5 Ethernet cable to connect the
1000BASE-T port. Otherwise, the link speed can not reach
1Gbps.

3.2.3 Attach the power adapter

1. Connect the AC power cord to the power receptacle on the back of the
switch and plug the other end of the power cord into a wall outlet or a power
strip.

2. Check the front LED indicators with the description in Table 4. If the LEDs
light up as described, the switch hardware is working properly.

Figure 4. Overview of hardware connections

S

Expansion Switch/Hub

Client

Client

Cat 5 (or better)
Network Cables

AC Power

RS232

Console
(RS232)

GigaX2008EX

S

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S
T
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P
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F
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C
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1
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GigaX2008EX

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

Table 4. LED indicators

No. LED Description

1 SYSTEM

Solid green indicates that the device is turned on. If this light
is off, make sure the power cord is attached to the switch and
plugged into a power source

2

10/100 port

STATUS

Solid green indicates that link is present on the port; flashing
means the attached device is sending or receiving data

3

10/100 port

PoE

Solid green indicates that a Power Device (PD) is connected

4

GIGABIT

port STATUS

Solid green indicates that link is present; flashing means data is
being transmitted; if the LED is off, no device is connected

5

GIGABIT

port SPEED

Solid green means the link speed is 1000Mbps, solid amber
means 100Mbps; if the LED is off, the port speed is 10Mbps

6 FAN

Solid green indicates that the system fan works properly

3.3 Part 3 — Basic switch setting for management

After completing the hardware connections, configure the basic settings for your
switch. You can manage the switch using the following methods:

• Web interface: the switch has a set of pages to allow to you manage it using
Java®-enabled IE5.0 or higher version.

• Command Line Interface: use console port to manage the switch.

3.3.1 Setting up through the console port

1. Use the supplied crossover RS-232 cable to connect to the console port on
the front panel of the switch. This port is a male DB-9 connector, implemented
as data terminal equipment (DTE) connection. Tighten the retaining screws
on the cable to secure it on the connector. Connect the other end of the cable
to a PC running terminal emulation software. e.g. Hyper Terminal.

2. Make sure the settings of your terminal emulation software as follows:

a) Choose the appropriate serial port number
b) Set the data baud rate to 9600
c) Set the data format to no parity, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit
d) No flow control
e) Set VT1000 for emulation mode

3. After setting up the terminal, you can see the prompt “(ASUS)%” on the
terminal.

4. Type “login” to access the command line interface. The default user name is

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

“admin”. Skip the password by pressing <Enter>.

You can change the password at any time through CLI (see
section 5.3.1). To protect your switch from unauthorized access,
you must change the default password as soon as possible.

5. Follow these steps to assign an IP address to the switch:

a) Type “net interface ip sw0 <your ip address> <your network mask>”.

For example, if your switch IP is 192.168.10.1 and the network mask is

255.255.255.0. Then you should type “net interface ip sw0 192.168.10.1

255.255.255.0”.

b) If the switch has to be managed across networks, then a default gateway

or a static route entry is required. Type “net route static add 0.0.0.0 <your
network gateway IP> 0.0.0.0 1” as your default route entry, as shown in
Figure 5.

Figure 5. Login and IP setup screen

3.3.2 Setting up through the Web interface

To successfully connect your PC to the switch, your PC must a valid IP in your
network. Contact your network administrator to obtain a valid IP for the switch. If you
wish to change the default IP address of the switch, follow section 3.3.1 to change
the IP address.

1. It is not necessary to login Web interface at the first time to use Web interface
because the default configuration for Web access authentication is disabled.
To secure the system configuration, please enable the authentication function
at the

Administration

page under

System

category. Skip step 2 if the

authentication is disabled.

2. At any PC connected to the network that the switch can access, open your
Web browser (Internet Explorer), and type the following URL in the address/
location box, and press <Enter>:

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

http://192.168.1.1

This is the factory default IP address of the switch.

A login screen appears, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6. Login screen

En t e r your user na m e and pa s sword, and th e n cli c k OK to ente r the
Configuration Manager. Use the following defaults the first time you log into this
interface:

Default User Name: admin

Default Password: (no password)

You can change the password at any time (see section 5.3.1
System Commands).

3. To setup a new IP address, click

System

, then

IP Setup

(see Figure 7). Fill

in the IP address, network mask and default gateway, then click OK.

4. If your new address is different from the default, the browser cannot update
the switch status window or retrieve any page. This is normal. You have to
retype the new IP address in the address/location box, and press

<Enter>

.

The WEB link returns.

5. To enable authentication for Web access, click

Administration

on the menu

list, then select

Enabled

to start the protection.

A login window appears immediately after you click OK.

Figure 7. IP setup

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

4 Management with the Web Interface

The switch provides Web pages that allow switch management through the
Internet. The program is designed to work best with Microsoft Internet Explorer®

5.5, or later versions.

NOTE:

Netscape is not supported.

4.1 Log into Web user interface

1. From a PC, open your web browser, type the following in the web address (or
location) box, and press

<Enter>

:

http://192.168.1.1

This is the factory default IP address for the switch. A login screen displays,
as shown in Figure 8

Figure 8. Configuration manager login screen

Login is not required if you do not enable Web authentication
access (see 3.3.2)”

2. Enter your user name and password, then click OK.

Use the following defaults the first time you log into the program. You can
change the password at any time through CLI interface (see section 5.3.1)

Default User Name: admin

Default Password:<no password>

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

The home page appears each time you log into the program.(See Figures 9).

Figure 9. Home page

4.2 Functional layout

Typical web page consists of three separate frames. The top frame has a switch
logo and front panel as shown in Figures 10. This frame remains on the top of
the browser window all the times and updates the LED status periodically. See
Table 4 for the LED definitions. See Table 5 for the color status description.

Figure 10. Top frame

Table 5. Port color description

Port Color Description

Green Ethernet link is established at 100Mbps

Black No Ethernet link

Amber Ethernet link is established at 10Mbps

Clicking on the port icon of the switch displays the port configuration in the lower
right frame.

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

Figure 11. Expanded menu list

The right frame displays configuration pages or graphics for the statistics. See
section 4.3 for details.

4.2.1 Menu navigation tips

• To expand a group of related menus, click on the corresponding group name.
The sign will change to after expansion.

The left frame, a menu frame as shown in Figure 11, contains all the features
available for switch configuration. These features are grouped into categories,
e.g. System, Bridge, etc. You can click on any of these to display a specific
configuration page.

14

GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

• To contract a group of related menus: click on the corresponding group
name. The will appear next to the group name.

• To open a specific configuration page, click on the desired menu item.

4.2.2 Commonly used buttons and icons

The following table describes the function for each button and icon used in the
application.

Table 6. Commonly used buttons and icons

Button/Icon Function

Stores any changes you have made on the current page

Adds the existing configuration to the system, e.g. a static
MAC address rule

Modifies an existing entry

Deletes the selected item, e.g. a static route and etc.

Re-displays the current page with updated statistics or
settings.

4.3 System Pages

System pages include management, IP setup, administration, reboot, and
firmware update function.

4.3.1 Management

The Management page contains the following information:

Model Name:

product name

MAC Address:

switch MAC address

System Name:

user assigned name to identify the system (editable)

System Contact

(editable)

System Location

(editable)

To save any changes and make it effective immediately, click OK. Use

Reload

to refresh the setting, as shown in Figure 12.

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Figure 12. Management

4.3.2 IP Setup

The switch supports IP assignment. The IP Setup page contains the following
editable information:

VLAN ID:

Specify a VLAN ID to system management interface. It is necessary to

be within the same VLAN for management usages.

IP Address:

assign a static IP address to the switch management interface.

Network Mask

Default Gateway

To save any changes and make it effective immediately, click OK. Use

Reload

to refresh the setting, as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13. IP setup

4.3.3 Administration

The Administration page allows you enable or disable the authentication for
web user by password protection. The default setting for web access does not
require any authentication.

To save any changes and make it effective immediately, click OK. Use

Reload

to refresh the setting, as shown in Figure 14. When you enable the password
protection, you have to login again immediately.

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You can change the password at any time through the CLI
interface.

Figure 14. Administration

4.3.4 Reboot

The Reboot page contains a

Reboot

button. Click the button to reboot the

system.

Rebooting the system stops the network traffic and terminates
the Web interface connection.

Figure 15. Reboot

4.3.5 Firmware Upgrade

The Firmware page contains the following information:

Hardware Version:

shows the hardware revision number.

Boot ROM Version:

shows the version of the boot code

Firmware Version:

shows the current running firmware version. This number

will be updated after the firmware update.

Enter the firmware location into the firmware space directly, or click

Browse...

to choose the file name of the firmware from prompt window. Click

Upload

to

update the switch firmware. See Figure 16 for reference.

Click the upload button to load the assigned firmware to the
switch. After a successful firmware update, reboot the system.
You have to re-login to Web interface again

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Figure 16. Firmware upgrade

4.4 Physical Interface

The Physical Interface displays the Ethernet port status in real time. You can
configure the port in following fields:

Port:

select the port to configure

Admin:

disable/enable the port

Mode:

set the speed and duplex mode

Flow Control:

enable/disable 802.3x flow control mechanism

Port Status Window:

displays the following information for each port

a)

Link status:

the link speed and duplex for an existing link, otherwise link is

down

b)

Admin:

the setting value to disable or enable the port

c)

Mode:

the setting value for link speed and duplex mode

d)

Flow Control:

the setting value to enable or disable 802.3x flow control

mechanism

Select the corresponding port number and configure the port setting, then
click on the

Modify

button. The field you change will update the content of the
display window. However, the new settings do not take effect until the “Save
Configuration” is executed.

Figure 17. Physical interface

Browse...

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4.5 Bridge

The Bridge page group contains most layer 2 configurations, like link aggregation,
mirroring etc..

4.5.1 Link Aggregation

The page configures the link aggregation group (port trunking). The switch can
have 15 link aggregation groups.

Show Trunk:

Select “Add a new Trunk” for a new created group. Or select an

existed group to display on the following fields and port icons.

Name:

the group name.

Trunk ID:

a number to identify the trunk group besides the group name.

Remove Trunk:

Remove the selected trunk.

Port Icons:

these port icons are listed in a way like the front panel. You have to
click on the icon the select the group members. The port can be removed from
the group by clicking the selected port again.

Click OK to make the setting send to the switch (HTTP server). Click

Reload

to

refresh the settings to current value. To make the configuration effective, go to

Save

Configuration

page, then click

Save

.

You have to check the runtime link speed and duplex mode to make sure the
trunk is physically active. Go to Physical Interface and check the link mode in the
runtime status window for the trunk ports. If all the trunk members are in the same
speed and full duplex mode, then the trunk group is set up successfully. If one of
the members is not in the same speed or full duplex mode, the trunk is not set
correctly. Check the link partner and change the settings to have the same speed
and full duplex mode for all the members of your trunk group.

• All the ports in the link aggregation group MUST operate in full­duplex mode at the same speed.

• All the ports in the link aggregation group MUST be configured in
auto-negotiation mode or full duplex mode. This configuration will
make the full duplex link possible. If you set the ports in full duplex
force mode, then the link partner MUST have the same setting.
Otherwise the link aggregation could operate abnormally.

• All the ports in the link aggregation group MUST have the same
VLAN setting.

• All the ports in the link aggregation group are treated as a single
logical link. That is, if any member changes an attribute, the
others will change too. For example, a trunk group consists of
port 1 and 2. If the VLAN of port 1 changes, the VLAN of port 2
also changes with port 1.

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Figure 18. Link aggregation

4.5.2 Mirroring

Mirroring, together with a network traffic analyzer, helps you monitor network
traffics. You can monitor the selected ports for egress or ingress packets.

Mirror Mode:

Enables or disables the mirror function for the selected group.

Monitor Port:

Receives the copies of all the traffics in the selected mirrored ports.

The monitor port can not belong to any link aggregation group.

The monitor port can not operate as a normal switch port. It does not
switch packets or do address learning.

The monitored egress packets will be untagged

Click OK to make the setting send to the switch (HTTP server). Click

Reload

to

refresh the settings to current value.

Figure 19. Mirroring page

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Figure 20. Traffic control

4.5.4 Dynamic Addresses

This page displays the result of dynamic MAC address lookup by port, VLAN ID,
or specified MAC address. The dynamic address is the MAC address learned by
switch, it will age out from the address table if the address is not learned again
during the age time. User can set the age time by entering a valid number from
15 to 3825 in seconds. Then click on OK to save the new age value. To make the
configuration effective, please go to

Save Configuration

page, then click on

Save

.

You can look up MAC addresses by checking the port, VLAN ID, or/and MAC
address, then click on

Query

. The address window will display the result of the query.

Figure 21. Dynamic address

4.5.3 Traffic Control

Traffic control prevents the switch bandwidth from flooding packets including
broadcast packets, multicast packets. The limit number is a threshold to limit the
total number of the selected type packets. For example, if broadcast/ multicast
is enabled, the traffic amount of each type will not exceed the limit value. Click

OK

to save the new configuration. To make the configuration effective, go to

Save Configuration

page, then click

Save

.

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4.5.5 Static Addresses

You can add a MAC address into the switch address table. The MAC address
added by this way will not age out from the address table. We call it static
address.

MAC Address:

enter the MAC address

VLAN ID:

enter the VLAN ID that the MAC belongs

Port Selection:

select the port which the MAC belongs

Click on

Add

whe n you create a new stat ic MAC address by the above
information. Then you will see the new added entry shows in the address
window. In one page, 15 entries can be displayed in the address window. When
you create more than 15 entries, the new added entries will display in the next
page. You can click on First, Previous, Next, or Last to go through the pages of
static MAC address, or input the page number and then click on Go. You can
remove the existed address by selecting the entry with the mouse, then clicking
on

Remove

. The

Modify

button updates the existed MAC address entries. You
can look up a static MAC addresses by input the MAC address and VLAN ID,
then click on

Query.

The address window will mark the result of the query. Click

OK

to save effective. Click

Reload

to refresh the settings to current value. To

make the configuration effective, please go to

save configuration

page, then

click

Save

.

Figure 22. Static address

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4.5.6 Tagged VLAN

You can set up to 256 VLAN groups and show VLAN group in this page. There
is a default VLAN created by the switch. It cannot be removed at all. This feature
prevents the switch from malfunctions. You can remove any existed VLAN
except the default VLAN.

You can assign the port to be a tagged port or an untagged port by toggling the
port button. There are three types of button displays:

“U” type:

untagged port that will remove VLAN tags from the transmitted

packets.

“T” type:

All packets transmitted from this port will be tagged.

“Blank” type:

This port is not a member of the VLAN group.

If one untagged port belongs to two or more VLAN groups at the same time, it
will confuse the switch and cause flooding traffics. To prevent it, the switch only
allows one untagged port belongs to one VLAN at the same time. That is, the
untagged port belongs to the VLAN group which is called “PVID” and configured
in the “Default Port VLAN & CoS” page. If you want to assign an untagged port
from one VLAN to another, you have to remove it from the original VLAN, or
change it to be tagged in the original VLAN first.

Show VLAN:

select the existed VLAN to display or select “Add a new VLAN”

to create a new VLAN group

Name:

the VLAN name

VLAN ID:

this field requires user to enter the VLAN ID when a new VLAN is

created

Remove VLAN:

Remove a existed VLAN. This field disappears in VLAN

creation page.

Click on OK to save the configuration. To make the configuration effective, go to

Save Configuration

page, then click on

Save

.

Figure 23. Tagged VLAN

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4.5.7 Default Port VLAN and CoS

Some VLAN tag related field settings for each port are included in this page. It
includes:

Port:

select the port to configure

PVID:

port-based VLAN ID. Every untagged packet received from this port

will be tagged with this VLAN group ID

CoS (Class of Service) value:

every untagged packet received from this

port will be assigned to this CoS in the VLAN tagged.

Click on

Modify

to change the content in the port list window. Click on OK
to save the configuration. To make the configuration effective, go to “Save
Configuration” page, then click

Save

.

Figure 24. Default port VLAN and CoS

4.5.8 CoS Queue Mapping

The switch supports 4 egress queues for each port. For each queue, you can
specify the scheduling types as follows:

Strict priority scheduling:

each CoS value can map into one of the four
queues. The queue 4 has the highest priority to transmit the packets. And
packets in the low-priority queue do not transmit until all the high-priority
queues become empty. In Strict priority scheduling, weight settings are
always zero.

Weighted round-robin (WRR) scheduling:

WRR scheduling requires you to
specify a number that indicates the importance (weight) of the queue relative
to other CoS queues. WRR scheduling prevents the low-priority queues from
being completely neglected during periods of high-priority traffic. The WRR
scheduling transmits some packets from each queue in turn. The number of
packets it sends corresponds to the relative importance of the queue. For
example, if Queue1 has a weight of 1 and Queue2 has a weight of 2, one

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packet is sent from the Queue1 for every two that are sent from the Queue2.
By using this scheduling, low-priority queues have the opportunity to send
packets even through the high-priority queues are not empty. The fixed
weights are 1,2,4,8.

Click OK to save the configuration. Click on

Reload

to refresh the settings to

current value. To make the configuration effective, go to

Save Configuration

page, then click

Save

.

Figure 25. Cos queue mapping

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4.6 SNMP

This group offers the SNMP configuration including Community Table, Host
Table, and Trap Setting.

4.6.1 Community Table

You can type different community names and specify whether the community
has the privilege to make a setting (write access) by checking the box. Click OK
to save the configuration permanently or

Reload

to refresh the page.

Figure 26. Community table

4.6.2 Host Table

This page links host IP address to the community name that is entered in
Community Table page. Type an IP address and select the community name
from the drop-down list. Click OK to save the configuration permanently or

Reload

to refresh the page.

Figure 27. Host table

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4.6.3 Trap Setting

By setting trap destination IP addresses and community names, you can enable
SNMP trap function to send trap packets in different versions(v1 or v2). Click OK
to save the configuration permanently or

Reload

to refresh the page.

Figure 28. Trap setting

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4.7 Security

The switch has the 802.1x port-based security feature. Only authorized hosts
are allowed to access the switch port. Traffic is blocked for hosts failed to
authenticate themselves. The authentication service is provided by a RADIUS
server or the local database in the switch.

The switch al s o supports dynamic VAL N assignmen t through 80 2 . 1 x
authentication process. The VLAN information for the users/ports should be
configured in the authentication server properly before enabling this feature.

4.7.1 Port Access Control

Port Access Control is used to configure various 802.1x parameters. 802.1x
uses either RADIUS server or local database to authenticate port users.

The first part is the Bridge (Global) settings:

Reauthentication:

Once enabled, the switch will try to authenticate the port user

again when the re-authentication time is up.

Reauthentication Time:

If ʻReauthenticationʼ is enabled, this is the interval

for the switch to re-send authentication request to the port user.(see above)

Authentication Method:

RADIUS or Local database can be used to

authenticate the port user.

Quiet Period:

If authentication failed either from RADIUS or local database,
the switch waits upon this time period before sending another authentication
request to the port user.

Retransmission Time:

If the port user failed to respond to authentication
request from the switch, the switch waits upon this time period before sending
another authentication request to the port user.

Max Reauthentication Attempts:

Retry count if the port user failed to

respond to authentication requests from the switch.

The second part is the port settings. Please click

Modify

when you have finished

the modifications.

Port:

Specify which port to be configured.

Multi-host:

If enabled, all hosts connected to the selected port are allowed to
use the port if one of the hosts passed the authentication. If disabled, only one
host among other hosts passed the authentication is allowed to use the port.

Authentication Control:

If ʻforce authorizedʼ is selected, the selected port is
forced to be authorized. Thus, traffic from all hosts is allowed to pass. Otherwise,
if ʻforce unauthorizedʼ is selected, the selected port is blocked and no traffic can

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go through. If ʻAutoʼ is selected, the behavior of the selected port is controlled by

802.1x protocol. All ports should be set to ʻAutoʼ under normal conditions.

Guest VLAN:

Specify a guest VLAN to clients that are not 802.1x-capable.

Click OK to make the settings effective permanently. Click

Reload

to refresh the

settings to current value.

Figure 29. Port Access Control

4.7.2 Dial-In User

Dial-in User is used to define users in the local database of the switch.

User Name:

New user name.

Password:

Password for the new user.

Confirm Password:

Enter the password again.

Dynamic VLAN:

Specify the VLAN ID assigned to the 802.1x- authenticated clients.

Please click

Add

to add the new user. Click

Modify

when you have finished

the modifications. Click

Remove

when you want to remove the selected user.

Click OK to make the settings effective permanently. Click

Reload

to refresh the

settings to current value.

Figure 30. Dial-In user

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4.7.3 RADIUS

In order to use external RADIUS server, the following parameters are required to
be setup:

Authentication Server IP:

The IP address of the RADIUS server.

Authentication Server Port:

The port number for the RADIUS server is

listening to.

Authentication Server Key:

The key is used for communications between

GigaX and the RADIUS server.

Confirm Authentication Key:

Re-type the key entered above.

The VLAN of the RADIUS server connected to the switch must
be the same as the VLAN of the system management interface.

Please click OK to make the settings permanent. Click

Relaod

to refresh the

settings to current value.

Figure 31. RADIUS

4.8 Power over Ethernet (PoE)

PoE provides a way to distribute low-vo ltage power across the network
using existing copper Ethernet cable to an endpoint PD (Powered Device).
This centralized, reliable source of power allows network devices such as
IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, surveillance cameras, and other
embedded appliances to operate without additional power adapters or AC
outlets. You can configure the port power as follows:

Port:

select the port to configure

Port State:

enable/disable the port power

Priority:

set the port priority. Low numeric value indicates a high priority.
Assigning the same priority to different ports will arrange the ports according
to their physical order, with the lower numeric port having the highest priority.
The valid value is from 0 to 47.

Port Status Window:

displays the following information for each port

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

a)

Link status:

whether the PD is connected or not

b)

Priority:

display the port power priority setting

Select the corresponding port number and configure the port power setting,
then click on the

Modify

button. The field you change will update the content of

the display window. However, the new settings do not take effect until the

Save

Configuration

is executed.

Click OK to make the settings effective permanently. Click

Reload

to refresh the

settings to current value. To make the configuration effective, please go to

Save

Configuration

page, and then click on

Save

.

You can look up the detailed port power information by selecting the port, then
click

Query

. The port diagnostic window will display the result of the query.

Figure 32. Power over Ethernet

4.9 Cable diagnosis

The major function of Cable Diagnosis is to detect cable fault (open or short)
and report the estimated fault location. Moreover, Cable Diagnosis can also
detect PHY type (100M, 1000M or 10000M) as well as estimated cable length of
normal cable. Cable length estimation only supports Giga speed mode.

Just select a port number and click Go. Test result shall be displayed accordingly.

When you enable the Cable Diagnosis on a port, the connection
of this port will be disconnected during the diagnosis.

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Figure 33. Cable diagnosis

4.10 Statistics Chart

The Statistics Chart pages provide network flow in different charts. You can
specify the period time to refresh the chart. You can monitor the network traffic
amount in different graphic chart by these pages. Most MIB-II counters are
displayed in these charts.

Click

Auto Refresh

to set the period for retrieving new data from the switch.

You can differentiate the statistics or ports by selecting

Color

. Finally, click on

Draw

to let the browser to draw the graphic chart. Each new Draw will reset the

statistics display.

4.10.1 Traffic Comparison

This page shows the one statistics item for all the ports in one graphic chart.
Specify the statistics item to display and click the

Draw

, the browser will show

you the update data and refresh the graphic periodically.

Figure 34. Traffic comparison

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4.10.2 Error Group

Select the

Port

and display

Color

, then click

Draw

, the statistics window shows
you all the discards or error counts for the specified port. The data is updated
periodically.

Figure 35. Error group

4.10.3 Historical Status

You can display information for different ports and statistics items in this chart.
Since this shows the history of the statistics information, the chart can keep the
old data even it is refreshed.

Figure 36. Historical status

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4.11 Save Configuration

To save configuration permanently, you should click

Save

. The setting also takes

effective after a successful save.

Sometimes you may want to reset the switch configuration, you can click on

Restore

to reset the configuration file to factory default. Of course, a system

reboot will follow this restoration process.

You will lose all the configurations when you choose to restore
the factory default configurations.

Figure 37. Save configuration

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5 Console Interface

This chapter describes how to use console interface to configure the switch. The
switch provides RS232 to connect your PC. Use a terminal emulator on your PC
such as HyperTerminal and command line interpreter to configure the switch. You
have to set up the terminal emulator with baud rate 9600, 8 bit data, no parity, and 1
stop bit, and no flow control.

Once you enter CLI mode, type “?” will display all available command help
messages. This is very useful when you are not familiar with the CLI commands. The
CLI mode times out when idle for 10 minutes. You have to login again to enter CLI
mode after the timeout.

All the CLI commands are case sensitive. In order to make them easier to use,
you can enter into different category by typing the full command, then this category
becomes your working category. Thereafter, you donʼt have to type “sys” before any
sub-commands. For example, “sys” is a command category including a lot of sub­commands. You donʼt have to type “sys” for the sub-commands once you change
your working category to “sys” by typing “sys”. The prompt will become “(system
name) sys%” when your working category is “sys”.

5.1 Power On Self Test

POST is executing during the system booting time. It tests system memory, LED and
hardware chips on the switchboard. It displays system information as the result of
system test and initialization. You can ignore the information until the prompt, “(ASUS) %”,
appears (see Figure 38).

Figure 38. CLI interface

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5.1.1 Boot ROM Command Mode

During the POST process, you can enter a “Boot ROM Command” mode by pressing
<ENTER> key as shown in Figure 39.

Figure 39 shows dual images in the switch.

Enter the “?” key to show the help messages for all available commands.

Although the commands are helpful in some situation, we
STRONGLY suggest users not to use them if you donʼt know the
command function.

Figure 39. Boot ROM Command Mode

5.1.2 Boot ROM Commands

Type “?” in the boot mode to display the valid commands list.

Table 7. Boot ROM commands

Command Parameters Usage

a NONE Display MAC address

b Slot 0/1/a Change boot slot

c IP address Configure TFTP client IP address

g NONE Load and execute firmware

h NONE Display online help

m mask Configure network mask

p NONE Display current configuration

r NONE System reboot

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5.2 Login and Logout

By typing “login” to enter the CLI mode, you have to give a valid user name
and password. As the first time login, you can enter “

admin

” as the user name
and bypass the password. For security reason, please change the user name
and password after login. Once you forget the use name and password, you
may contact ASUS support team or erase the whole configuration file in the

Boot ROM Command

mode. If you take the second choice, the whole system
configuration is lost at the same time. That is, you have to configure the switch
again.

You type “l

ogout

” to leave the CLI mode safely. This action allows you to secure
the CLI mode. The next user has to do login again with authorized user name
and password.

5.3 CLI Commands

The switch provides CLI commands for all managed functions. The command
uses are listed in the categories as the WEB management interface. This way,
you can follow the instructions and set up the switch correctly as easily as using
WEB interface to configure the switch. “save” command is used to save the
configuration to flash. Some CLI command is only effective after “save” command
is executed.

Always use “?” to get the available commands list and help.

Always use “/” to get back to the root directory.

Always use “..” to get back to parent directory.

Type the command only to get help for the command

Command Parameters Usage

s IP address Configure TFTP server IP address

t NONE Toggle safe mode

u File name Upl oad boot module/firmware via network

using TFTP protocol

v NONE Display boot rom version

w NONE Toggle administrator password reset

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5.3.1 System Commands

[System Name]

Displays the given name of the switch. This is an RFC-1213 defined MIB object
in System Group, and provides administrative information on the managed node.

CLI command:

sys info name <system name description>

If you put a name in the name description field, the switch system name will be
changed into the new one.

[System Contact]

Displays the detail information of contact about the switch. This is an RFC-1213
defined MIB object in System Group, and provides contact information on the
managed node.

CLI command:

sys info contact <system contact description>

If you put the contact description in the contact description field, the switch
contact information will be changed to the new one.

[System Location

]

Displays the physical location of the switch. This is an RFC-1213 defined MIB
object in System Group, and provides the location information on the managed
node.

CLI command :

sys info location <system location description>

Type the location description in the location description field to change the location.

Figure 40. System commands

[VLAN ID]

Display the VLAN ID for the switch. It is necessary to be within the same VLAN
for management .

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

CLI command:

net interface vlan sw0 <VLAN ID>

[IP Address]

Displays the static IP address for the switch. This IP address is used for
manageable purpose, i.e.; network applications such as, http server, SNMP
server, ftp server, telnet server and SSH server of the switch are all using this IP
address.

CLI command:

net interface ip sw0 < IP address> <netmask>

[Network Mask]

Displays the subnet mask for the switch.

CLI command:

net interface ip sw0 < IP address> <netmask>

[Default Gateway]

Displays the IP address of the default gateway. This field is necessary if the
switch network contains one or more routers.

CLI command:

net route static add <destination subnet/IP> <gateway>

<netmask> <metric>

[Password Protection is]

[Enabled/Disabled]

When the password protection is enabled, the web interface will request a user
name and password authentication while user accesses the switch through the
browser.

CLI command:

sys web set <enable/disable>

[New Password] / [Verify Password]

The default user name is admin. By default, a password is not required. You
may set a password by configuring these fields.

CLI command:

sys users modify <user name, ʻadminʼ by default>

user name

(old user name, ʻadminʼ by default): <new user name>

password

(old password,): <new password>

[Reboot]

User can reboot the switch by issuing the reboot command.

CLI command:

sys reboot

[Upload]

No CLI command for this function. Refer to Boot ROM commands for this function.

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5.3.2 Physical Interface Commands

[Admin]

[Enable/Disable]

Displays the port admin status and allows user to turn the port on or off.

CLI command:

l2 port admin <port number> <enable/disable>

[Mode]

[Auto/10M-Half/10M-Full/100M-Half/100M-Full/1G-Full]

Displays the current speed and duplex mode of the port. The speed and duplex
mode can be automatically detected when auto-negotiation is enabled on a port.

CLI command:

l2 port autoneg <port number> <enable/disable>

CLI command:

l2 port speed <port number> <10/100/1000>

CLI command:

l2 port duplex <port number> <full/half>

[Flow Control]

[Enable/Disable]

Displays the IEEE802.3x flow control setting of a port. Note that this flow control
is operating only in full duplex mode.

CLI command:

l2 port flow <port number> <enable/disable>

[Reload]

Restores the previous port settings from the configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 port retrieve

5.3.3 Bridge Commands

[Show Trunk]

Displays a specific trunk group settings. User can create a new trunk group by
specify a unique trunk ID, a trunk name description, the port selection criterion
(rtag), and its trunk group member ports.

CLI command:

l2 trunk show <trunk id>

[Create Trunk]

Creates a new trunk group by giving trunk ID, rtag, name, and port numbers.

CLI command:

l2 trunk create <trunk id> <trunk name> <port list>

[Add/Remove Trunk]

Trunk group port members can be added to or removed from an existing trunk
group.

CLI command:

l2 trunk add <trunk id> <port list>

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CLI command:

l2 trunk remove <trunk id> <port list>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings of trunk from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 trunk retrieve

[Mirror Mode]

[Enable/Disable]

[Monitor Port]

[port number]

Displays the mirroring settings of the switch.

CLI command:

l2 mirror create <monitor port no> <enable/disable>

CLI command:

l2 mirror ingress <port list>

CLI command:

l2 mirror egress <port list>

CLI command:

l2 mirror remove <ingress/egress> <port list>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 mirror retrieve

[Limit Rate]

User can limit the broadcast, multicast, and flooding (due to destination lookup
failed) traffic rate by turning the traffic control on.

CLI command:

l2 rate set <enable/disable> [<mode (1:broadcast only, 2:
broadcast and multicast, 3:broadcast, multicast and unknown unicast )>
<limit rate (70~250000 Kbps/sec)>]

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 rate retrieve

[Aging Time]

User can set the ARL (Address Resolution Logic) entries aging time by setting
the aging time value.

CLI command:

l2 arl age [aging time value]

[Query by Port]

ARL entries existed in ARL table can be queried according to port number.

CLI command:

l2 arl port <port number>

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[Query by VLAN ID]

ARL entries existed in ARL table can be queried according to VLAN ID.

CLI command:

l2 arl vlan <vlan id>

[Query by MAC Address]

ARL entries existed in ARL table can be queried according to MAC address.

CLI command:

l2 arl mac <mac address> [vlan id]

[MAC Address]

[VLAN ID]

[Port Selection]

User can add or modify a static ARL entry by specifying a MAC address, VLAN
ID, port number, and trunk ID.

CLI command:

l2 arl static <mac> <vlan id> <port no> <trunk id>

[Remove]

Static ARL entries can be deleted by indicating the MAC address and its VLAN
ID. These two-field combination is formed as unique entry in ARL table.

CLI command:

l2 arl delete <mac address> <vlan id>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 arl retrieve

[Show VLAN]

Displays the existing VLAN information of the switch.

CLI command:

l2 vlan show <vlan id>

[Name]

[VLAN ID]

Allows user to config the VLAN settings. User may create a new VLAN by giving
a unique VLAN ID, a VLAN description name, and its port member list, note
that the port member here is indicated as tagged port member. To specify a
VLAN port member as untagged port, CLI command utportadd can achieve this
purpose. User may use CLI command add or remove to further add some port
members to a VLAN or exclude some existing port members from a VLAN.

CLI command:

l2 vlan create <vlan id> <vlan name> <port list>

CLI command:

l2 vlan add <vlan id> <port list>

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CLI command:

l2 vlan remove <vlan id> <port list>

CLI command:

l2 vlan utportadd <vlan id> <untagged port list>

[Remove VLAN]

Allows user to completely destroy an existing VLAN.

CLI command:

l2 vlan delete <vlan id>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 vlan retrieve

[Show Port]

Displays the port configuration

CLI command:

l2 port show <port id or * for all ports>

[PVID]

Sets the default VLAN for a port by giving a VLAN ID and its associated port
member list.

CLI command:

l2 port vlan <vlan id, 4095 to disable the port-based vlan>
<port list>

[CoS Value]

Sets the Class of Service for a port by assigning it a priority (with range of 0-7)
criteria value for untagged packets..

CLI command:

l2 port priority <CoS> <port list>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 port retrieve

[CoS] [Map]

Allows user to map the CoS priority (with range of 0-7) for a buffer queue (total
of 4, with queue ID of 1-4).

CLI command:

l2 cos map <queue id (1-4)> <cos (0-7)>

[Scheduling Algorithm] [Strict/WRR]

Allows user to set scheduling with strict priority based or weight priority based.

CLI command:

l2 cos sched <mode (1: strict 2: weighted round robin)>

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[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

l2 cos retrieve

5.3.4 SNMP

[Community Name]

[Set]

A community entry contains a community description string and a set of
privileges. Get privilege are turned on by default, and user can specify whether
to give it the Set Privilege while create a new entry.

CLI command:

snmp community add

New community string:

<new community string>

Get privileges:

[y, always turn on by default]

Set privileges? (y/n):[n] <set privilege, y for ʻyesʼ; n for ʻnoʼ>

User can modify a community entry in the table by reassigning its community
string and privileges.

CLI command:

snmp community set

Community entry (table index):

<entry id to config>

Community string (old community string):

<new community string>

This action will modify all hosts with community string from ʻold communityʼ to
ʻnew communityʼ.

Are you sure? (y/n):

[y] <y for ʻyesʼ; n for ʻnoʼ>

Get privileges:

[y, always turn on by default]

Set privileges? (y/n): [n] <set privilege, y for ʻyesʼ; n for ʻnoʼ>

Allows user to delete a community entry from community table.

CLI command:

snmp community delete

Community entry (table index):

<entry id to delete>

This action will delete all hosts in community string with ʻdelete communityʼ.

Are you sure? (y/n): [y] <y for ʻyesʼ; n for ʻnoʼ>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

snmp community retrieve

[Host IP Address] [Community]

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A host entry contains a host IP address, network mask and its dedicated
community string.

CLI command:

snmp host add

Host IP/Subnet:

<IP address>

Netmask:

<netmask>

Community:

<community string>

User can modify a host entry in the table by reassigning its allowed IP address,
network mask and community string.

CLI command:

snmp host set

Host table entry (table index):

<entry id to config>

Host IP/Subnet (old IP address):

<new IP address>

Netmask (old netmask):

<new netmask>

Community (old community string):

<new community string>

Allows user to delete a host entry from host table.

CLI command:

snmp host delete

Entry id (table index):

<entry id to delete>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

snmp host retrieve

[Trap Version] [v1/v2c]

[Destination]

[Community for Trap]

A trap entry contains SNMP version (currently support version 1 and version 2c), a
destination IP address and the remote community string.

CLI command:

snmp trap add

SNMP version? (1/2c):

[1, by default] <snmp version>

Destination IP:

<IP address>

Community:

<community string>

User can modify a trap entry in the table by reassigning its SNMP version,
destination IP address and community string.

CLI command:

snmp trap set

Trap table entry

(table index): <entry id to config>

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SNMP version?

(1/2c): [old snmp version] <new snmp version>

Destination IP

(old IP address): <new IP address>

Community

(old community string): <new community string>

Allows user to delete a trap entry from trap table.

CLI command:

snmp trap delete

Trap table entry

(table index): <entry id to delete>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

snmp trap retrieve

5.3.5 Security Commands

[Reauthentication]

Allows user to open or close periodic reauthentication.

CLI command:

security dot1x bridge reauth <enable / disable>

[Reauthentication Time]

Allows user to set up the reauthentication time.

CLI command:

security dot1x bridge reauthtime <reauthentication time

(1-4294967295 sec)>

[Authentication Method]

Allows user to set up the authentication method (RADIUS or Local database).

CLI command:

security dot1x bridge authmeth <type (1:local 2:radius)>

[Quiet Period]

Allows user to set up the quiet period.

CLI command:

security dot1x bridge quietperiod <quiet period (1-65535

sec)>

[Retransmission Time]

Allows user to set up the retransmission time.

CLI command:

security dot1x bridge retxtime <retransmission time (1-65535

sec)>

[Max Reauthentication Attempts]

Allows user to set up the max number of the reauthentication attemps.

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CLI command:

security dot1x bridge reauthmax <max reauthentication
attemps (1-10)>

[Multi-host]

Allows user to enable or disable Multi-host on some specific ports.

CLI command:

security dot1x port multihost <enable/disable> <port list/*>

[Authentication Control]

Allows user to set up the authentication control of some specific ports.

CLI command:

security dot1x port authctrl <type (1: force_authorized 2:
force_unauthorized 3: auto)><port list/*>

[Guest VLAN]

Allows user to set up the guest VLAN ID of some specific ports.

CLI command:

security dot1x bridge port guestvlan <vlan id (0:no guest
vlan)> <port list/*>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

security dot1x retrieve

[User Name]

[Password]

[Confirm Password]

[Dynamic VLAN]

Create users in the local database of the switch for 802.1x authentication. A user
entry contains a user name, password and dynamic VLAN.

CLI command:

security dialinuser create

User Name:

<user name string>

Password:

<password string>

Confirm Password:

<confirm password string>

Dynamic VLAN:

<dynamic VLAN>

CLI command:

security dialinuser remove <user name/*>

Allows user to delete a user entry from the local database.

CLI command:

security dialinuser modify <user name/*>

Allows user to modify a user entry from the local database. It contains a user
name, password and dynamic VLAN.

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User Name:

<new user name string>

Password:

<new password string>

Confirm Password:

<new confirm password string>

Dynamic VLAN:

<new dynamic VLAN>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

security dialinuser retrieve

[Authentication Server IP]

[Authentication Server Port]

[Authentication Server Key]

[Confirm Authentication Key]

Allows user to config the RADIUS server IP, server port and server key .

CLI command:

security radius set

authentication server ip <ip/none>:

(old server ip)<new server ip >

authentication server port <port/default>:

(old server port)<new server port>

authentication server key <key/none>:

<server key>

confirm authentication key <key/none>:

<confirm server key>

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

security radius retrieve

5.3.6 PoE

[Admin]

Set port power to enable or disable.

CLI command:

poe admin < enable / disable > < port list/* >

[Prio]

Set port priority.

CLI command:

poe admin < priority[0-47] > < port list/* >

[heat]

Show temperature of the devices.

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CLI command:

poe heat

[pse]

Show PSE system Information.

CLI command:

poe pse

[diag]

Show diagnostic result for port power.

CLI command:

poe diag

[display]

Display real-time port power information.

CLI command:

poe display < port list/* >

[show]

Show the PoE configuration.

CLI command:

poe show

[save]

Save the PoE configuration into the flash.

CLI command:

poe save

[Reload]

Restores the previous saved settings from configuration file.

CLI command:

poe retrieve

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5.4 Miscellaneous Commands

sys time uptime:

shows the time since the system boot up.

sys time date:

shows the current date and time

sys time settime:

sets the current time

sys files config backup:

backup configuration files

sys files config default:

restore factory default configuration files

sys monitor auto:

enable or disable fan auto detection

sys monitor set:

Set fan speed command (1~255)

sys monitor show:

Show the status of system environment

net ping:

ping remote host

net route show:

displays the entries in the routing table

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6 IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets

6.1 IP Addresses

This section pertains only to IP addresses for IPv4 (version 4 of
the Internet Protocol). IPv6 addresses are not covered.

This section assumes basic knowledge of binary numbers, bits,
and bytes. For details on this subject, see Appendix 6.

IP addresses, the Internetʼs version of telephone numbers, are used to identify
individual nodes (computers or devices) on the Internet. Every IP address
contains four numbers, each from 0 to 255 and separated by dots (periods), e.g.

20.56.0.211. These numbers are called, from left to right, field1, field2, field3,
and field4.

This style of writing IP addresses as decimal numbers separated by dots is
called dotted decimal notation. The IP address 20.56.0.211 is read “twenty dot
fifty-six dot zero dot two-eleven.”

6.1.1 Structure of an IP address

IP addresses have a hierarchical design similar to that of telephone numbers.
For example, a 7-digit telephone number starts with a 3-digit prefix that identifies
a group of thousands of telephone lines, and ends with four digits that identify
one specific line in that group.

Similarly, IP addresses contain two kinds of information.

Network ID

Identifies a particular network within the Internet or intranet

Host ID

Identifies a particular computer or device on the network

The first part of every IP address contains the network ID, and the rest of the
address contains the host ID. The length of the network ID depends on the networkʼ
s class (see following section). Table 7 shows the structure of an IP address.

Table 8. IP address structure

Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4

Class A

Network ID Host ID

Class B

Network ID Host ID

Class C

Network ID Host ID

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Following are examples of valid IP addresses:

Class A: 10.30.6.125 (network = 10, host = 30.6.125)
Class B: 129.88.16.49 (network = 129.88, host = 16.49)
Class C: 192.60.201.11 (network = 192.60.201, host = 11)

6.1.2 Network classes

The three commonly used network classes are A, B, and C. (There is also a
class D but it has a special use beyond the scope of this discussion.) These
classes have different uses and characteristics.

Class A networks are the Internetʼs largest networks, each with room for over 16
million hosts. Up to 126 of these huge networks can exist, for a total of over 2
billion hosts. Because of their huge size, these networks are used for WANs and
by organizations at the infrastructure level of the Internet, e.g. your ISP.

Class B networks are smaller but still quite large, each being able to hold over
65,000 hosts. There can be up to 16,384 class B networks in existence. A class
B network might be appropriate for a large organization such as a business or
government agency.

Class C networks are the smallest, only able to hold 254 hosts at most, but the
total possible number of class C networks exceeds 2 million (2,097,152 to be
exact). LANs connected to the Internet are usually class C networks.

Some important notes regarding IP addresses:

The class can be determined easily from field1:

field1 = 1-126: Class A

field1 = 128-191: Class B

field1 = 192-223: Class C

(field1 values not shown are reserved for special uses)

A host ID can have any value except all fields set to 0 or all fields set to 255, as
those values are reserved for special uses.

6.2 Subnet masks

A mask looks like a regular IP address, but contains a pattern of
bits that tells what parts of an IP address are the network ID and
what parts are the host ID: bits set to 1 mean “this bit is part of the

network ID” and bits set to 0 mean “this bit is part of the host ID.”

Subnet masks are used to define subnets (what you get after dividing a network
into smaller pieces). A subnetʼs network ID is created by “borrowing” one or

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more bits from the host ID portion of the address. The subnet mask identifies
these host ID bits.

For example, consider a class C network 192.168.1. To split this into two
subnets, you would use the subnet mask:

255.255.255.128

Itʼs easier to see whatʼs happening if we write this in binary:

11111111. 11111111. 11111111.10000000

As with any class C address, all of the bits in field1 through field 3 are part of
the network ID, but note how the mask specifies that the first bit in field 4 is also
included. Since this extra bit has only two values (0 and 1), this means there
are two subnets. Each subnet uses the remaining 7 bits in field4 for its host IDs,
which range from 0 to 127 (instead of the usual 0 to 255 for a class C address).

Similarly, to split a class C network into four subnets, the mask is:

255.255.255.192 or 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.11000000

The two extra bits in Field 4 can have four values (00, 01, 10, 11), so there are
four subnets. Each subnet uses the remaining six bits in field4 for its host IDs,
ranging from 0 to 63.

Sometimes a subnet mask does not specify any additional network
ID bits, and thus no subnets. Such a mask is called a default subnet
mask. These masks are:

Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 255.255.255.0

These are called default because they are used when a network is initially
configured, at which time it has no subnets.

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7 Troubleshooting

This section gives instructions for using several IP utilities to diagnose problems.
A list of possible problems with suggestion actions is also provided.

All the known bugs are listed in the release note. Read the release note before
you set up the switch. Contact Customer Support if these suggestions do not
resolve the problem.

7.1 Diagnosing problems using IP utilities

7.1.1 ping

Ping is a command you can use to check whether your PC can recognize other
computers on your network and the Internet. A ping command sends a message
to the computer you specify. If the computer receives the message, it sends
messages in reply. To use it, you must know the IP address of the computer with
which you are trying to communicate.

On Windows-based computers, you can execute a ping command from the Start
menu. Click the

Start

button, and then click

Run

. In the Open text box, type a

statement such as the following:

ping 192.168.1.1

Click OK. You can substitute any private IP address you know on your LAN or a
public IP address for an Internet site.

If the target computer receives the message, a Command Prompt window
appears as shown in Figure 45.

Figure 41. Using the ping utility

If the target computer cannot be located, you will receive the message “Request
timed out.”

Using the ping command, you can test whether the path to the switch is working

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(using the pre-configured default LAN IP address 192.168.1.1) or another
address you assigned.

You can also test whether access to the Internet is working by typing an external
address, such as that for www.yahoo.com (216.115.108.243). If you do not
know the IP address of a particular Internet location, you can use the nslookup
command, as explained in the following section.

From most other IP-enabled operating systems, you can execute the same
command at a command prompt or through a system administration utility.

7.1.2 nslookup

You can use the nslookup command to determine the IP address associated
with an Internet site name. You specify the common name, and the nslookup
command looks up the name on your DNS server (usually located with your
ISP). If that name is not an entry in your ISPʼs DNS table, the request is then
referred to another higher-level server, and so on, until the entry is found. The
server then returns the associated IP address.

On Windows-based computers, you can execute the nslookup command from
the Start menu. Click the Start button, then click Run. In the Open text box, type
the following:

nslookup

Clicks OK. A Command Prompt window displays with a bracket prompt (>). At
the prompt, type the name of the Internet address you are interested in, such as
www.absnews.com.

The window displays the associate IP address you know. See Figure 46.

Figure 42. Using the nslookup utility

There may be several addresses associated with an Internet name. This is
common for web sites that receive heavy traffic; they use multiple, redundant
servers to carry the same information.

To exit from the nslookup utility, type exit and press <Enter> at the command prompt.

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7.2 Simple fixes

The following table lists some common problems that you may encounter when
installing or using the switch, and the suggested actions to solve the problems.

Table 9. Troubleshooting

Problem Suggested Action

LEDs

SYSTEM LED does
not light up after the
switch is turned on.

Verify if the power cord is securely connected to the switch
and a wall socket/power strip.

FAN LED is amber
blinking

Check the fan on the back of the switch.

Gigabit Ethernet
Link LED does not
illuminate after an
Ethernet cable is
attached.

1.Verify if the Ethernet cable is securely connected to your
LAN switch/hub/PC and to the switch. Make sure the PC and/
or hub/switch is turned on.

2. Ve rify if your cab le is suffic i ent f o r you r net work
requirements. A 1000 Mbps network (1000BaseTx) should
use cables labeled Cat 5. 10Mbit/sec cables may tolerate
lower quality cables.

Network Access

PC cannot access
another host in the
same network

1.Check the Ethernet cabling is good and the LED is green.

2.If the port LED is amber, check if this port is disabled.

PCs cannot display
web configuration
pages.

1.The switch is powered up and the connecting port is
enabled. The factory default IP for the switch is 192.168.1.1.

2.Verify your network setup in your PC for this information.
If your PC does not have a valid route to access the switch,
change the switch IP to an appropriate IP that your PC can
access.

3.Ping “switch IP” from the PC, if it still fails, repeat step 2.

4.If ping is successful but the web configuration still fails,
connecting PC through the console port by a RS232 cable,
check if any filter rule or static MAC address is set to block
the WEB traffics.

GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

Problem Suggested Action

Web Configuration Interface

You forgot/lost your
WEB configuration
interface user ID or
password.

1.If you have not changed the password from the default, try
using “admin” as the user ID and bypassing password.

2. a) Power on the switch and enter BootROM mode.
b) Input “w” to enable administrator password reset and
then input “g” to continuously execute firmware program.
Note: The mothed allows you to use default username and
password to login just once and would not allow you to use
it to login again after system reoots. Other configuration will
not be changed.
c) Login to CLI using default username “admin” (no
password) Type command “sys users show” to show
username and passowrd you had saved.

Some pages do not
display completely

1.Verify that you are using Internet Explorer v5.5 or later.
Netscape is not supported. Support for Javascript® must

be enabled in your browser. Support for Java® may also be
required.

2.Ping the switch IP address to see if the link is stable. If
some ping packets fail, check your network setup to make
sure a valid setting.

Changes to
Configuration are
not being retained.

Console Interface

Cannot show the
texts on the terminal
emulator.

56

Be sure to click on

button in the

Save

Save Configuration

page to save any changes.

1.The factory default baud rate is 9600, no flow control, 8 bit
data, no parity check and stop bit is one.

2.Change your terminal emulator setup to this number.

3.Check if the cable is good.

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8 Glossary

10BASE-T

A designa tion for th e type of wiring us ed by Ether net

networks wi th a d ata ra te o f 10 Mbps. Als o known as
Category 3 (CAT 3) wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet.

100BASE-T

A d esignat ion for the type of wir ing used b y Ethernet

networks with a data rate of 100 Mbps. Also known as
Category 5 (CAT 5) wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet.

1000BASE-T

A design ation for t he type of wiring use d by Et hernet

networks with a data rate of 1000 Mbps.

binary

The “base two” system of numbers, that uses only two digits,

0 and 1, to represent all numbers. In binary, the number
1 is written as 1, 2 as 10, 3 as 11, 4 as 100, etc. Although
expressed as decimal numbers for convenience, IP addresses
in actual use are binary numbers; e.g., the IP address

209.191.4.240 is 11010001.10111111.00000100.11110000 in
binary. See also bit, IP address, network mask.

bit

Short for “binary digit,” a bit is a number that can have two

values, 0 or 1. See also binary.

bps

bits per second

CoS

Class of Service. Defined in 802.1Q, the value range is from

0 to 7.

broadcast

To send data to all computers on a network.

Ethernet

The most commonly installed computer network technology,
usually using twisted pair wiring. Ethernet data rates are
10 Mbps and 100 Mbps. See also 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T,
twisted pair.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

A pr o g ram us e d to trans f er file s bet w een com p uters

connected to the Internet. Common uses include uploading
new or updated files to a web server, and downloading files
from a web server.

host

A device (usually a computer) connected to a network.

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

An Internet protocol used to report errors and other network-

related information. The ping command makes use of ICMP.

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IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol

An Internet pr oto col that e nables a c omp uter to share

information about its membership in multicast groups with

adjacent routers. A multicast group of computers is one

whose members have designated as interested in receiving

specific content from the others. Multicasting to an IGMP

group can be used to simultaneously update the address

book s of a group of mobile co mputer user s or t o s end

company newsletters to a distribution list.

IGMP Snooping

Snoop the IGMP packets on each port and associate the port

with a layer 2 muticast group.

mask

See network mask.

Multicast

To send data to a group of network devices.

Mbps

Abbreviation for Megabits per second, or one million bits per

second. Network data rates are often expressed in Mbps.

Monitor

Also called “Roving Analysis”, allow you to attach a network

analyzer to one port and use it to monitor the traffics of other

ports on the switch.

network mask

A network mask is a sequ ence of bit s applied t o an IP

address to select the network ID while ignoring the host

ID. Bits set to 1 mean “select this bit” while bits set to 0

mean “ignore this bit.” For example, if the network mask

255.255.255.0 is applied to the IP address 100.10.50.1, the

network ID is 100.10.50, and the host ID is 1. See also binary,

IP address, subnet, “IP Addresses Explained” section.

NIC

Network Interface Card

An adapter card that plugs into your computer and provides

the physical interface to your network cabling, which for

Ethernet NICs is typically an RJ-45 connector. See Ethernet,

RJ-45.

packet

Dat a tran smitted on a network c ons ist s of unit s call ed

packets. Each packet contains a payload (the data), plus

overhead information such as where it came from (source

address) and where it should go (destination address).

ping

Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper

A program used to verify whether the host associated with

an IP address is online. It can also be used to reveal the IP

address for a given domain name.

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port

A physical access point to a device such as a computer or

router, through which data flows into and out of the device.

protocol

A set of rules governing the transmission of data. In order

for a data transmission to work, both ends of the connection
have to follow the rules of the protocol.

remote

In a physically separate location. For example, an employee

away on travel who logs in to the companyʼs intranet is a
remote user.

RJ-45

Registered Jack Standard-45

The 8-pin plug used in transmitting data over phone lines.

Ethernet cabling usually uses this type of connector.

RMON

Remote Monitoring

Ex tensi ons to SNM P, provide compreh ensiv e ne twork

monitoring capabilities.

routing

Forwarding data between your network and the Internet

on the most efficient route, based on the dataʼs destination
IP address and current network conditions. A device that
performs routing is called a router.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

The TCP/IP protocol used for network management.

STP

Spanning Tree Protocol

The bridge protocol to avoid packet looping in a complicate

network.

subnet

A subnet is a portion of a network. The subnet is distinguished

from the larger network by a subnet mask which selects some
of the computers of the network and excludes all others. The
subnetʼs computers remain physically connected to the rest
of the parent network, but they are treated as though they
were on a separate network. See also network mask.

subnet mask

A mask that defines a subnet. See also network mask.

TCP

See TCP/IP.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

The basic protocols used on the Internet. TCP is responsible

for dividing data up into packets for delivery and reassembling
them at the destination, while IP is responsible for delivering
the packets from source to destination. When TCP and IP are

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GigaX2008EX L2 Managed Switch User Manual

bundled with higher-level applications such as HTTP, FTP,

Telnet, etc., TCP/IP refers to this whole suite of protocols.

Telnet/SSH

An interactive, character-based program used to access a

remote computer. While HTTP (the web protocol) and FTP

only allow you to download files from a remote computer,

Telnet / SSH allows you to log into and use a computer from

a remote location.

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

A protocol for file transfers, TFTP is easier to use than File

Transfer Protocol (FTP) but not as capable or secure.

Trunk

Two or more ports are combined as one virtual port, also

called as Link Aggregation.

TTL

Time To Live

A field in an IP packet that limits the life span of that packet.

Originally meant as a time duration, the TTL is usually
represented instead as a maximum hop count; each router
that receives a packet decrements this field by one. When
the TTL reaches zero, the packet is discarded.

twisted pair

The ordinary copper telephone wiring long used by telephone

comp anies. It contains one or mo re wire pairs twisted
together to reduce inductance and noise. Each telephone line
uses one pair. In homes, it is most often installed with two
pairs. For Ethernet LANs, a higher grade called Category 3
(CAT 3) is used for 10BASE-T networks, and an even higher
grade called Category 5 (CAT 5) is used for 100BASE-T
networks. See also 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, Ethernet.

upstream

The direction of data transmission from the user to the

Internet.

VLAN

Virtual Local Area Network

WAN

Wide Area Network

Any network spread over a large geographical area, such as

a country or continent. With respect to the SL-1000, WAN
refers to the Internet.

Web browser

A software program that uses Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol

(HTTP) to download information from (and upload to) web
sites, and displays the information, which may consist of text,
graphic images, audio, or video, to the user. Web browsers
use Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Popular web

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browsers include Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet
Explorer. See also HTTP, web site, WWW.

Web page

A web site file typ ical ly containing tex t, g raphics a nd

hyperlinks (cross-references) to the other pages on that web
site, as well as to pages on other web sites. When a user
accesses a web site, the first page that is displayed is called
the home page. See also hyperlink, web site.

Web site

A computer on the Internet that distributes information to (and

gets information from) remote users through web browsers.
A web site typically consists of web pages that contain text,
graphics, and hyperlinks. See also hyperlink, web page.