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Contents
An Introduction to the Logic Studio Instruments9Preface
About the Logic Studio Instruments9
About the Logic Studio Documentation11
Additional Resources12
ES E13Chapter 1
Getting to Know the ES E Interface14
Using the ES E Oscillators15
Using the ES E LFO15
Using the ES E Filter16
Using the ES E Envelope17
Using the ES E Output Parameters17
Extended ES E Parameters18
ES M19Chapter 2
Getting to Know the ES M Interface20
Using the ES M Oscillator21
Using the ES M Filter and Filter Envelope22
Using the ES M Level Envelope and Output Controls23
Extended ES M Parameters23
ES P25Chapter 3
Getting to Know the ES P Interface26
Using the ES P Oscillators27
Using the ES P LFO27
Using the ES P Filter28
Using the ES P Envelope and Level Controls29
Using the Integrated ES P Effects30
Extended ES P Parameters30
ES133Chapter 4
Getting to Know the ES1 Interface34
Using the ES1 Oscillators35
Using the ES1 Filter Parameters37
3
Using the ES1 Amplifier Parameters38
Using the ES1 Envelope Parameters39
Modulating the Sound of the ES141
Adjusting Global ES1 Parameters44
ES1 MIDI Controller List45
ES247Chapter 5
Getting to Know the ES2 interface48
Using the ES2 Oscillators49
Using the ES2’s Global Parameters61
Using the ES2 Filters63
Using the ES2 Amplifier Parameters73
Working with Modulation in the ES275
Using the ES2’s Integrated Effect Processing Section106
Creating Random ES2 Sound Variations108
Using Macro Controls and Assigning Controllers in the ES2110
Using the ES2 in Surround Mode113
ES2 Tutorial: Creating Sounds113
ES2 Tutorial: Using Templates to Create Sounds123
EFM1131Chapter 6
Getting to Know the EFM1 Interface132
Working with the EFM1 Modulator and Carrier Parameters133
Working with the EFM1 Modulation Parameters135
Adjusting Global EFM1 Parameters136
Setting EFM1 Output Parameters137
Creating EFM1 Random Sound Variations138
Assigning EFM1 MIDI Controllers139
EVB3141Chapter 7
Getting to Know the EVB3 Interface143
Using the EVB3 Drawbar Controls145
Using the EVB3 Preset Keys146
Morphing in the EVB3149
Using the Integrated EVB3 Scanner Vibrato150
Using the EVB3 Percussion Effect152
Using the EVB3 Global Tone Parameters153
Using the EVB3 Model Parameters154
Using the Integrated EVB3 Effects160
Using the EVB3’s Integrated Rotor Cabinet Emulation165
Setting Up the EVB3 for Your MIDI Equipment169
EVB3 MIDI Controller Assignments172
Additive Synthesis with Drawbars179
4Contents
The Residual Effect180
Tonewheel Sound Generation180
A Brief Hammond History181
The Leslie Cabinet182
EVD6183Chapter 8
Getting to Know the EVD6 Interface184
Working with EVD6 Model Parameters185
Working with Global EVD6 Parameters190
Working with EVD6 Filter and Damper Parameters191
Working with EVD6 Pickup Parameters192
Working with the EVD6 Integrated Effects194
Working with EVD6 Output Parameters198
Working with EVD6 MIDI Control Parameters199
A Brief History of the Clavinet201
EVP88203Chapter 9
Getting to Know the EVP88 Interface204
Using the EVP88 Global Parameters205
Using the EVP88 Model Parameters206
Using the EVP88 Stretch Parameters207
Using the Integrated EVP88 Effects208
Using the EVP88 Extended Parameters212
EVP88 MIDI Controller List212
Electric Piano Models Emulated by the EVP88213
EVOC 20 PolySynth217Chapter 10
What Is a Vocoder?218
How Does a Vocoder Work?218
Setting Up Your EVOC 20 PolySynth Host Application219
Getting to Know the EVOC 20 PolySynth Interface220
EVOC 20 PolySynth Sidechain Analysis Parameters221
EVOC 20 PolySynth (U/V) Detection Parameters223
EVOC 20 PolySynth Synthesis Section Parameters224
EVOC 20 PolySynth Formant Filter Parameters229
EVOC 20 PolySynth Modulation Parameters232
EVOC 20 PolySynth Output Parameters233
Getting the Best Results with the EVOC 20 PolySynth234
A Brief Vocoder History236
EVOC20 Block Diagram239
External Instrument241Chapter 11Getting to Know the External Instrument Interface241
5Contents
Using the External Instrument242
EXS24 mkII243Chapter 12
Getting to Know the EXS24 mkII Interface245
About EXS24 Sampler Instruments246
Getting to Know the EXS24 mkII Parameter Window248
Using the EXS24 mkII Sampler Instruments Pop-Up Menu249
Adjusting EXS24 mkII Global Parameters254
Using the EXS24 mkII Pitch Parameters258
Working with EXS24 mkII Filter Parameters260
EXS24 mkII Output Parameters263
Working with EXS24 mkII Modulation264
An Overview of the EXS24 mkII Instrument Editor278
Creating EXS24 mkII Instruments, Zones, and Groups281
Editing EXS24 mkII Zones and Groups286
Setting EXS24 mkII Zone Parameters289
Using the EXS24 mkII Zone Loop Parameters291
Setting EXS24 mkII Group Parameters292
Using the EXS24 mkII Advanced Group Selection Parameters294
Graphical Editing of EXS24 mkII Zones and Groups295
Saving, Renaming, and Exporting EXS24 mkII Instruments297
Editing Samples in the EXS24 mkII Sample Editor298
Using an External Instrument Editor with the EXS24 mkII299
Importing EXS24 mkII Sampler Instruments300
Managing EXS24 Sampler Instruments309
Setting EXS24 mkII Sampler Preferences310
Configuring EXS24 mkII Virtual Memory313
Advanced EXS24 mkII RAM Management315
Using the VSL Performance Tool in EXS24 mkII315
Klopfgeist317Chapter 13Using the Klopfgeist Parameters318
Sculpture319Chapter 14
Getting to Know the Sculpture Interface320
Getting to Know the Sculpture Synthesis Core321
Getting to Know the Sculpture String323
Working with the Sculpture String Parameters324
Working with Sculpture’s Objects331
Working with Sculpture’s Pickups336
Using Sculpture’s Global Parameters339
Using Sculpture’s Amplitude Envelope Parameters341
Using Sculpture’s Waveshaper342
6Contents
Working with Sculpture’s Filter Parameters343
Using Sculpture’s Integrated Delay345
Using Sculpture’s Body EQ347
Using Sculpture’s Output Parameters350
Controlling Sculpture’s Surround Range and Diversity351
Working with Sculpture’s Modulation351
Getting to Know Sculpture’s Control Envelopes362
Getting to Know Sculpture’s Morph Section369
Assigning MIDI Controllers in Sculpture379
Sculpture Tutorial: Getting Started with Sound Creation380
Sculpture Tutorial: Creating Basic Sounds385
Sculpture Tutorial: Modulations396
Advanced Sculpture Tutorial: Programming Electric Basses396
Advanced Sculpture Tutorial: Programming Synthesized Sounds416
Ultrabeat425Chapter 15
Getting to Know the Structure of Ultrabeat426
Loading and Saving Ultrabeat Settings428
Getting to Know the Ultrabeat Interface429
Getting to Know Ultrabeat’s Assignment Section429
Importing Sounds and EXS Instruments into Ultrabeat433
Getting to Know the Ultrabeat Synthesizer Section436
Getting to Know the Ultrabeat Oscillators438
Getting to Know the Ultrabeat Oscillator Parameters439
Using Oscillator 1 in Ultrabeat440
Using Oscillator 2 in Ultrabeat444
Using the Ultrabeat Ring Modulator449
Using the Ultrabeat Noise Generator450
Getting to Know the Ultrabeat Filter and Distortion Section451
Using Ultrabeat’s Multimode Filter452
Using Ultrabeat’s Distortion Circuit454
Using the Ultrabeat Output Section455
Working with Modulation in Ultrabeat461
Working with the Ultrabeat Step Sequencer472
Automating Parameter Values in Ultrabeat’s Step Sequencer481
Exporting Ultrabeat Patterns as MIDI Regions485
Using MIDI to Control Ultrabeat’s Sequencer486
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Introduction487
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Creating Kick Drums487
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Creating Snare Drums492
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Creating Toms and Tonal Percussion498
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Creating Hi-Hats and Cymbals498
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Creating Metallic Sounds499
7Contents
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Creating Extreme Sounds500
Ultrabeat Tutorial: Programming in Building Blocks500
GarageBand Instruments503Chapter 16
GarageBand Analog Basic505
GarageBand Analog Mono506
GarageBand Analog Pad507
GarageBand Analog Swirl508
GarageBand Analog Sync510
GarageBand Bass511
GarageBand Church Organ512
GarageBand Digital Basic513
GarageBand Digital Mono514
GarageBand Digital Stepper515
GarageBand Drum Kits516
GarageBand Electric Clav(inet)517
GarageBand Electric Piano517
GarageBand Guitar518
GarageBand Horns519
GarageBand Hybrid Basic520
GarageBand Hybrid Morph522
GarageBand Piano524
GarageBand Sound Effects525
GarageBand Strings526
GarageBand Tonewheel Organ527
GarageBand Tuned Percussion528
GarageBand Voice529
GarageBand Woodwind530
Synthesizer Basics531Appendix
Sound Basics531
What Is a Synthesizer?535
How Subtractive Synthesizers Work537
Other Synthesis Methods551
A Brief History of the Synthesizer555
8Contents
An Introduction to the
Logic Studio Instruments
Logic Studio provides a number of software-based instruments that include: innovative
synthesizers, a powerful sampler, and authentic recreations of vintage instruments. You
can use these instruments for real time playback in Logic Pro and MainStage.
The Logic Studio instruments cover almost every sound generation need you will
encounter in your day to day work with Logic Pro and MainStage. All instruments feature
intuitive interfaces that provide access to all functions and parameters. Pristine audio
quality is assured when needed, or—at the other end of the spectrum—extremely harsh
and dirty sounds can be created with many of the included instruments. All instruments
are highly optimized for efficient CPU usage, maximizing the real time playback potential
of your computer.
This preface covers the following:
• About the Logic Studio Instruments (p. 9)
• About the Logic Studio Documentation (p. 11)
• Additional Resources (p. 12)
Preface
About the Logic Studio Instruments
Logic Pro and MainStage are purpose-built for particular types of work. Given these unique
properties, not all Logic Studio instrument features are available in MainStage, and vice
versa. The tables in this section indicate the instrument facilities available in each
application.
Logic Pro Instruments
The following table outlines the instruments and utilities included with Logic Pro.
9
Synthesizer
Included instrumentsInstrument category
• EFM1
• ES E
• ES M
• ES P
• ES1
• ES2
• Klopfgeist
• Sculpture
• UltrabeatDrum synthesizer
• EXS24 mkIISoftware sampler
• EVOC 20 PolySynthVocoder synthesizer
Vintage instruments
GarageBand instruments
• EVB3
• EVD6
• EVP88
• External InstrumentUtility
Analog Basic,Analog Mono, Analog Pad,Analog Swirl, Analog Sync,
Bass, Digital Basic, Digital Mono, Digital Stepper, Drum Kits, Electric
Clavinet, Electric Piano, Guitar, Horns, Hybrid Basic, Hybrid Morph,
Piano, Sound Effects, Strings, Tonewheel Organ, Tuned Percussion,
Voice, Woodwind (see GarageBand Instruments)
MainStage Instruments
The following table outlines the instruments and utilities included with MainStage.
10Preface An Introduction to the Logic Studio Instruments
Synthesizer
Included instrumentsInstrument category
• EFM1
• ES E
• ES M
• ES P
• ES1
• ES2
• Klopfgeist
• Sculpture
• UltrabeatDrum synthesizer
• EXS24 mkIISoftware sampler
• EVOC 20 PolySynthVocoder synthesizer
Vintage instruments
GarageBand instruments
• EVB3
• EVD6
• EVP88
Analog Basic,Analog Mono, Analog Pad,Analog Swirl, Analog Sync,
Bass, Digital Basic, Digital Mono, Digital Stepper, Drum Kits, Electric
Clavinet, Electric Piano, Guitar, Horns, Hybrid Basic, Hybrid Morph,
Piano, Sound Effects, Strings, Tonewheel Organ, Tuned Percussion,
Voice, Woodwind (see GarageBand Instruments)
About the Logic Studio Documentation
Logic Studio comes with various documents that will help you get started as well as
provide detailed information about the included applications.
• Logic Pro User Manual: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions for
using Logic to set up a recording system, compose music, edit audio and MIDI files,
and output audio for CD productions.
• Exploring Logic Pro: This booklet provides a fast-paced introduction to the main features
and tasks in Logic Pro, encouraging hands-on exploration for new users.
• Logic Pro Control Surfaces Support: This onscreen manual describes the configuration
and use of control surfaces with Logic Pro.
• Logic Studio Instruments: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions
for using the powerful collection of instruments included with Logic Pro and MainStage.
• Logic Studio Effects: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions for
using the powerful collection of effects included with Logic Pro, MainStage, and
WaveBurner.
• Logic Studio Working with Apogee Hardware: This onscreen manual describes the use
of Apogee hardware with Logic Pro and MainStage.
• Logic Pro TDM Guide: This onscreen manual describes the essential aspects of using
TDM in Logic Pro.
11Preface An Introduction to the Logic Studio Instruments
• MainStage User Manual: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions
for creating MainStage concerts and using MainStage with your instruments,
microphones, and other music gear when you perform live.
• Exploring MainStage: This booklet provides a fast-paced introduction to the main
features and tasks in MainStage, encouraging hands-on exploration for new users.
• Waveburner User Manual: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions
for using WaveBurner to create professional-quality audio CDs.
• Impulse Response Utility User Manual: This onscreen document provides comprehensive
instructions for using Impulse Response Utility to create your own mono, stereo, and
surround impulse responses for Space Designer, the Logic Studio convolution-based
reverb effect.
Additional Resources
Along with the documentation that comes with Logic Studio, there are a variety of other
resources you can use to find out more.
Release Notes and New Features Documents
Each application offers detailed documentation that covers new or changed features and
functions. This documentation can be accessed in the following location:
• Click the Release Notes and New Features links in the application Help menu.
Logic Studio Website
For general information and updates, as well as the latest news on Logic Studio, go to:
• http://www.apple.com/logicstudio
Apple Service and Support Websites
For software updates and answers to the most frequently asked questions for all Apple
products, go to the general Apple Support webpage. You’ll also have access to product
specifications, reference documentation, and Apple and third-party product technical
articles.
• http://www.apple.com/support
For software updates, documentation, discussion forums, and answers to the most
frequently asked questions for Logic Studio, go to:
• http://www.apple.com/support/logicstudio
For discussion forums for all Apple products from around the world, where you can search
for an answer, post your question, or answer other users’ questions, go to:
• http://discussions.apple.com
12Preface An Introduction to the Logic Studio Instruments
ES E
1
The ES E synthesizer is ideal for quickly creating pad and ensemble sounds.
The 8-voice ES E (ES Ensemble) is great for adding atmospheric beds to your music, with
minimal CPU overhead. While it may look simple, it is more than capable of producing
rich and warm pad sounds.
The ES E produces sounds using subtractive synthesis. It features an oscillator that
generates harmonically rich waveforms. You subtract (cut, or filter out) portions of these
waveforms, and reshape them, to create new sounds.
If you’re totally new to synthesizers, it might be best to start off with Synthesizer Basics,
which will introduce you to the terminology, and give you a great overview of different
synthesis methods and how they work.
This chapter covers the following:
• Getting to Know the ES E Interface (p. 14)
• Using the ES E Oscillators (p. 15)
• Using the ES E LFO (p. 15)
• Using the ES E Filter (p. 16)
• Using the ES E Envelope (p. 17)
• Using the ES E Output Parameters (p. 17)
• Extended ES E Parameters (p. 18)
13
Filter parametersOutput parameters
Envelope parametersLFO parameters
Oscillator parameters
Oscillator parameters
Getting to Know the ES E Interface
Before you take a look at the individual parameters of the ES E, this section will familiarize
you with the various elements in the ES E graphical interface.
• Oscillator parameters: The oscillator Wave and Octave parameters are shown in the
area to the left. The oscillator generates the waveforms that form the basis of your
sound. See Using the ES E Oscillators.
• LFO parameters: The LFO parameters (below the oscillator Wave parameter knob) are
used to modulate the sound. See Using the ES E LFO.
• Filter parameters: The section to the right of the Oscillator parameters includes the
Cutoff (Frequency) and Resonance knobs. You use the filter to contour the waveforms
sent from the oscillator. See Using the ES E Filter.
• Envelope parameters: The area to the right of the Filter parameters containsthe Envelope
parameters, which control the level ofthe sound over time. See Using the ES E Envelope.
• Output parameters: The areaat the extreme right houses the Volume knob, responsible
for the main output level, and the Effect parameters. The effects can be used to color
or thicken the sound. See Using the ES E Output Parameters.
• Extended parameters: Not shown in the image, the extended parameters are accessed
by clicking the triangle at the lower left of the interface. These parameters include bend
and tuning functions. See Extended ES E Parameters.
14Chapter 1 ES E
Using the ES E Oscillators
The synthesizer oscillator generates a waveform, which is then sent to other portions of
the synthesizer engine for processing or manipulation.
• Wave knob: Selects the waveform of the oscillator, which is responsible for the basic
color of the tone. The leftmost setting of the Wave parameter causes the oscillators to
output sawtooth signals. Across the remaining range, the oscillators output pulse waves,
with the average pulse width being defined by the Wave parameter position.
• 4, 8, 16 buttons: Allow you to switch the pitch in octaves (transpose it up or down). The
lowest setting is 16 feet, and the highest is 4 feet. The use of the term feet to determine
octaves comes from the measurements of organ pipe lengths. The longer (and wider)
the pipe, the deeper the tone.
Using the ES E LFO
The LFO (low frequency oscillator) generates a cyclic waveform that is used to modulate
the ES E waveform. The behavior and effect of the LFO depend on whether a sawtooth
or pulse wave is selected.
• If Wave is set to sawtooth, the LFO modulates the frequency of the waveform, resulting
in a vibrato or siren effect—depending on the LFO speed and intensity.
• If Wave is set to a pulse wave, the LFO modulates the waveform’s pulse width (PWM).
• Vib/PWM knob: Defines the intensity of the LFO modulation.
• Speed knob: Sets the frequency of the LFO modulation.
15Chapter 1 ES E
Note: When the pulse width becomes very narrow, the signal sounds as if it is being
interrupted (“breaking up”). Given this potential artifact, set the PWM intensity with
care, and select the Wave parameter’s 12 o’clock position (50% rectangular) for the
pulse width, if you want to achieve the maximum modulation range.
Using the ES E Filter
The ES E includes a lowpass filter that lets you contour the output from the oscillator.
• Cutoff knob: Controls the cutoff frequency of the ES E filter.
• Resonance knob: Boosts or cuts portions of the signal that surround the frequency
defined by the Cutoff parameter.
Note: Increasing the Resonance value results in a rejection of bass (low frequency
energy) when using lowpass filters.
• AR Int knob: The ES E features one simple envelope generator per voice-offering an
Attack and a Release parameter (see Using the ES E Envelope). The AR Int knob defines
the amount (depth) of cutoff frequency modulation applied by the envelope generator.
• VeloFilter knob: Sets the velocity sensitivity of the cutoff frequency modulation applied
by the envelope generator.
Note: This parameter has no effect if AR Int is set to 0.
16Chapter 1 ES E
Using the ES E Envelope
The AR (Attack and Release) envelope affects both the filter cutoff (AR Int) and the level
of the sound over time.
• Attack slider: Determines the time that it takes for the signal to reach the initial, desired
signal level (the sustain level).
• Release slider: Determines the time that it takes for the signal to fall from the sustain
level to a level of zero.
Using the ES E Output Parameters
The ES E output stage consists of the Volume section and the Chorus/Ensemble buttons.
• Volume knob: Sets the overall output level of the ES E.
• Velo Volume knob: Sets the amount (depth) of velocity sensitivity to incoming MIDI
note events. When it is set to higher values, each note is louder, if struck more firmly.
At lower values, the dynamic response is reduced, so that there is little difference when
you play a note pianissimo (soft) or forte (loud/hard).
17Chapter 1 ES E
• Chorus I, Chorus II, and Ensemble buttons: Click to switch any of these effect variations
on or off.
• Chorus I and Chorus II are typical chorus effects.
• Chorus II is characterized by a stronger modulation.
• The Ensemble effect employs a more complex modulation routing, creating a fuller
and richer sound.
• If none of the buttons is active, the effects processor is turned off.
Extended ES E Parameters
The ES E offers three additional parameters that are accessed by clicking the disclosure
triangle at the lower left of the interface.
• Pos.Bender Range: Changes the positive (upwards) pitch bend range in semitone steps.
This allows you to use the pitch bend controller of your keyboard to bend the ES E
pitch.
• Neg. Bender Range: The default Neg. Bender Range value is Pos PB (Positive Pitch Bend).
In essence, this means that only positive pitch bend is available. You can adjust the
negative (downwards) pitch bend range in semitone steps-up to 2 octaves (a value of
24).
• Tune: Tunes the entire instrument in cents. A cent is 1/100th of a semitone.
18Chapter 1 ES E
ES M
2
The monophonic ES M is a good starting point if you’re looking for bass sounds that
punch through your mix.
The ES M (ES Mono) synthesizer features an automatic fingered portamento mode, making
bass slides easy. It also provides an automatic filter compensation circuit that delivers
rich, creamy basses, even when using higher resonance values.
The ES M produces sounds using subtractive synthesis. It features an oscillator that
generates harmonically rich waveforms. You subtract (cut, or filter out) portions of these
waveforms, and reshape them, to create new sounds.
If you’re totally new to synthesizers, it might be best to start off with Synthesizer Basics,
which will introduce you to the terminology, and give you a great overview of different
synthesis methods and how they work.
This chapter covers the following:
• Getting to Know the ES M Interface (p. 20)
• Using the ES M Oscillator (p. 21)
• Using the ES M Filter and Filter Envelope (p. 22)
• Using the ES M Level Envelope and Output Controls (p. 23)
• Extended ES M Parameters (p. 23)
19
Getting to Know the ES M Interface
Oscillator parametersOutput parameters
Filter and Filter Envelope
parameters
Overdrive
Before you take a look at the individual parameters of the ES M, this section will familiarize
you with the various elements in the ES M graphical interface.
• Oscillator parameters: The oscillator Mix and Octave parameters are shown in the area
to the left. The oscillator generates the basic waveforms that form the basis of your
sound. See Using the ES M Oscillator.
• Filter and Filter Envelope parameters: The section to the right of the Oscillator parameters
includes the (Cutoff) Frequency and Resonance knobs. The filter is used to contour the
waveforms sent from the oscillators. The Filter Envelope parameters are found towards
the upper right. These control the filter cutoff over time. See Using the ES M Filter and
Filter Envelope.
• Output parameters: The angle-shaped area to the lower right containsthe Level Envelope
and Output parameters, which control the level of the sound over time. The Overdrive
knob is located near the right edge of the interface, halfway up. The Overdrive can be
used to color or add bite to the sound. See Using the ES M Level Envelope and Output
Controls.
• Extended parameters: Not shown in the image, the extended parameters are accessed
by clicking the triangle at the lower left of the interface. These parameters include bend
and tuning functions. See Extended ES M Parameters.
20Chapter 2 ES M
Using the ES M Oscillator
The synthesizer oscillator is used to generate a waveform, which is then sent to other
portions of the synthesizer engine for processing or manipulation.
• Mix knob: Sets the waveform of the oscillator, which is responsible for the basic color
of the tone.
• Setting the Wave parameter all the way to the left causes the oscillators to output
sawtooth signals.
• Setting the Wave parameter all the way to the right outputs a 50% rectangular
wave—which is heard one octave below the sawtooth.
• For any Wave setting between these extreme positions, the oscillator outputs a
crossfaded mix of the two waveforms.
• 8, 16, 32 buttons: Allow you to switch the pitch in octaves (transpose it up or down).
The lowest setting is 32 feet, and the highest is 8 feet. The use of the term feet to
determine octaves comes from the measurements of organ pipe lengths. The longer
(and wider) the pipe, the deeper the tone.
• Glide knob: Determines the speed of the glide (the time it takes to slide between note
pitches). At a value of 0, no glide effect occurs.
Note: The ES M always works in a fingered portamento mode, with notes played in a
legato style resulting in a glide (portamento) from pitch to pitch.
21Chapter 2 ES M
Using the ES M Filter and Filter Envelope
Filter Envelope
parameters
The ES M includes a lowpass filter that lets you contour the output from the oscillator.
The filter features a dedicated envelope.
• Cutoff knob: Controls the cutoff frequency of the ES M filter. Its slope is 24 dB/octave.
• Resonance knob: Boosts or cuts portions of the signal that surround the frequency
defined by the Cutoff parameter.
Note: Increasing the Resonance value results in a rejection of bass (low frequency
energy) when using lowpass filters. The ES M compensates for this side-effect internally,
resulting in a more bassy sound.
• Int knob: Defines the amount (the intensity or depth) of cutoff frequency modulation
applied by the envelope generator.
• Decay knob: Defines the decay time of the filter envelope.
• Velo knob: Sets the velocity sensitivity of the cutoff frequency modulation applied by
the envelope generator.
Note: The Decay and Velo parameters have no effect if Int is set to 0.
22Chapter 2 ES M
Using the ES M Level Envelope and Output Controls
Level parameters
The output stage of the ES M offers the following parameters.
• Decay knob: Sets the decay time of the dynamic stage. The attack, release, and sustain
times of the synthesizer are internally set to 0.
• Velo knob: Determines the velocity sensitivity of the dynamic stage.
• Vol knob: Sets the master output level of the ES M.
• Overdrive knob: Controls the level of the integrated overdrive effect.
Important: To avoid hurting your ears or damaging your speakers, consider turning
down the Volume level before setting Overdrive to a high value; then turn it up
gradually.
Extended ES M Parameters
The ES M offers three additional parameters that are accessed by clicking the disclosure
triangle at the lower left of the interface.
• Pos.Bender Range: Changes the positive (upwards) pitch bend range in semitone steps.
This allows you to use the pitch bend controller of your keyboard to bend the ES P
pitch.
• Neg. Bender Range: The default Neg. Bender Range value is Pos PB (Positive Pitch Bend).
In essence, this means that only positive pitch bend is available. You can adjust the
negative (downwards) pitch bend range in semitone steps-up to 2 octaves (a value of
24).
• Tune: Tunes the entire instrument in cents. A cent is 1/100th of a semitone.
23Chapter 2 ES M
ES P
3
The ES P emulates classic polyphonic synthesizers of the 1980s.
The 8-voice ES P (ES Poly) is a versatile instrument that is capable of producing a huge
variety of useful musical sounds. The creation of classic analog synthesizer brass sounds
is just one of its many strengths.
The ES P produces sounds using subtractive synthesis. It features an oscillator that
generates harmonically rich waveforms. You subtract (cut, or filter out) portions of these
waveforms, and reshape them, to create new sounds.
If you’re totally new to synthesizers, it might be best to start off with Synthesizer Basics,
which will introduce you to the terminology, and give you a great overview of different
synthesis methods and how they work.
This chapter covers the following:
• Getting to Know the ES P Interface (p. 26)
• Using the ES P Oscillators (p. 27)
• Using the ES P LFO (p. 27)
• Using the ES P Filter (p. 28)
• Using the ES P Envelope and Level Controls (p. 29)
• Using the Integrated ES P Effects (p. 30)
• Extended ES P Parameters (p. 30)
25
Filter parameters
Effect parameters
Envelope parameters
Level parametersLFO parameters
Oscillator parameters
Getting to Know the ES P Interface
Before you take a look at the individual parameters of the ES P, this section will familiarize
you with the various elements in the ES P graphical interface.
• Oscillator parameters: The Oscillator sliders are shown in the area to the left. The Octave
parameters are also found in this section. The oscillators generate the basic waveforms
that form the basis of your sound. See Using the ES P Oscillators.
• LFO parameters: The LFO parameters (to the right of the Oscillator parameters) are used
to modulate the sound. See Using the ES P LFO.
• Filter parameters: The vertical column in the center includes the (Cutoff) Frequency and
Resonance knobs and the Key Follow buttons. The filter is used to contour the
waveforms sent from the oscillators. See Using the ES P LFO.
• Envelope and Level parameters: The area to the right of the Filter parameters contains
the Envelope and Level parameters, which control the level of the sound over time.
See Using the ES P Envelope and Level Controls.
• Effect parameters: The area at the extreme right contains the Chorus and Overdrive
parameters. These can be used to color or thicken the sound. See Using the Integrated
ES P Effects.
• Extended parameters: Not shown in the image, the extended parameters are accessed
by clicking the triangle at the lower left of the interface. These parameters include bend
and tuning functions. See Extended ES P Parameters.
26Chapter 3 ES P
Using the ES P Oscillators
The ES P features several oscillators that output different waveforms. These signals can
be mixed together—at different levels—providing countless variations of the raw material
used for your sounds.
• Oscillator sliders: Set the level of the waveforms output by the oscillators.
• In addition to triangular, sawtooth, and rectangular waves, the rectangular waves of
two sub-oscillators are also available. The left sub-oscillator fader is one octave lower
than the main oscillators, and the right sub-oscillator fader is two octaves lower. Use
these to fatten up the sound.
• The pulse width of all rectangular waves is fixed at 50%.
• The rightmost fader adds white noise to the mix. This is the raw material for classic
synthesizer sound effects, such as ocean waves, wind, and helicopters.
• 4, 8, 16 buttons: Allow you to switch the pitch in octaves (transpose it up or down). The
lowest setting is 16 feet, and the highest is 4 feet. The use of the term feet to determine
octaves comes from the measurements of organ pipe lengths. The longer (and wider)
the pipe, the deeper the tone.
Using the ES P LFO
The ES P features an LFO (low frequency oscillator), which can do either of the following:
• Modulate the frequency of the oscillators, resulting in a vibrato.
27Chapter 3 ES P
• Modulate the cutoff frequency of the dynamic lowpass filter, resulting in a wah wah
effect.
• Vib/Wah knob: Turn to the left to set a vibrato; turn to the right to cyclically modulate
the filter.
• Speed knob: Sets the rate of the vibrato or cutoff frequency modulation.
Using the ES P Filter
The ES P includes a lowpass filter that lets you contour the output from the oscillator.
• Frequency knob: Controls the cutoff frequency of the ES P’s lowpass filter.
• Resonance knob: Boosts/cuts portions of the signal that surround the frequency defined
by the Frequency knob.
28Chapter 3 ES P
Note: Increasing the Resonance value results in a rejection of bass (low frequency
energy) when using lowpass filters. The ES P compensates for this side-effect internally,
resulting in a more bassy sound.
• 1/3, 2/3, 3/3 (Key Follow) buttons: The cutoff frequency can be modulated by MIDI note
number (keyboard position); you may know this parameter as keyboard follow on other
synthesizers. Enable one of the 1/3, 2/3, 3/3 buttons to choose one-third, two-thirds,
or full-keyboard follow. If no button is active, the key you strike won’t affect the cutoff
frequency. This makes the lower notes sound relatively brighter than the higher ones.
If 3/3 is chosen, the filter follows the pitch, resulting in a constant relationship between
cutoff frequency and pitch. This is typical of many acoustic instruments where higher
notes sound both brighter in tone and higher in pitch.
• ADSR Int knob: Defines the amount (depth) of cutoff frequency modulation applied by
the envelope generator (see Using the ES P Envelope and Level Controls).
• VeloFilter knob: Sets the velocity sensitivity of the cutoff frequency modulation applied
by the envelope generator. The main envelope generator (ADSR) modulates the cutoff
frequency over the duration of a note. The intensity of this modulation can respond to
velocity information. If you play pianissimo (velocity = 1), the modulation is minimal.
If you strike with the hardest fortissimo (velocity = 127), the modulation is more intense.
Using the ES P Envelope and Level Controls
The ES P features an ADSR envelope that affects both the filter cutoff (ADSR Int) and the
level of the sound over time. This section also covers the master level control parameters.
• Attack slider: Determines the time it takes for the signal to reach the initial, desired
signal level (the sustain level).
• Decay slider: Determines the time it takes for the signal to fall from the attack level to
the sustain level.
29Chapter 3 ES P
• Sustain slider: Determines the desired signal level (the sustain level).
• Release slider: Determines the time it takes for the signal to fall from the sustain level
to a level of zero.
• Volume knob: Sets the overall output level of the ES P.
• Velo Volume knob: Sets the amount (depth) of velocity sensitivity to incoming MIDI
note events. When set to higher values, each note is louder if struck more firmly. At
lower values, the dynamic response is reduced, so that there is little difference when
you play a note pianissimo (soft) or forte (loud/hard).
Using the Integrated ES P Effects
The ES P offers integrated stereo chorus and overdrive effects. These are based on similar
effects processors found in the affordable Japanese synthesizers of the 1980s—which
the ES P, itself, emulates.
• Chorus knob: Sets the intensity (depth) of the integrated chorus effect.
• Overdrive knob: Determines the overdrive/distortion level of the ES P output.
Important: To avoid hurting your ears or damaging your speakers, consider turning
down the Volume level before setting Overdrive to a high value; then turn it up
gradually.
Extended ES P Parameters
The ES P offers three additional parameters that are accessed by clicking the disclosure
triangle at the lower left of the interface.
• Pos.Bender Range: Changes the positive (upwards) pitch bend range in semitone steps.
This allows you to use the pitch bend controller of your keyboard to bend the ES P
pitch.
30Chapter 3 ES P
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