FEATURES
Full-Featured Evaluation Board for the AD7472
EVAL-CONTROL BOARD Compatible
HSC-INTERFACE BOARD Compatible
Stand Alone Capability
On-Board Analog Buffering and Reference
Optional On-Board Analog Bias-Up Circuit
Optional On-Board Burst Clock Generator Circuit
Various Linking Options
PC Software for Control and Data Analysis when used
with EVAL-CONTROL BOARD
INTRODUCTION
This Technical Note describes the evaluation board for the
AD7472 12-bit, high speed, low power, successive approximation A/D converter that operates from a single 2.7 V to
5.25 V supply. Full data on the AD7472 is available in the
AD7472 data sheet available from Analog Devices and
should be consulted in conjunction with this Technical Note
when using the Evaluation Board.
On-board components include an AD780 which is a pin
programmable +2.5 V or +3 V ultra high precision bandgap
reference, two AD797 op-amps used to buffer the analog
input, and an OP07 op-amp used to buffer the DC bias
voltage applied to the optional analog input bias-up circuit.
There are various link options which are explained in detail
on page 2.
Interfacing to this board is through a 96-way connector. This
96-way connector is compatible with the EVAL-CONTROL
BOARD which is also available from Analog Devices.
External sockets are provided for the CONVST input,
CLKIN input and the VIN inputs.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
EVAL-AD7472CB
OPERATING THE AD7472 EVALUATION BOARD
Power Supplies
When using this evaluation board with the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD all supplies are provided from the EVALCONTROL BOARD through the 96 way connector.
When using the board as a stand alone unit or with the HSCINTERFACE BOARD, external supplies must be provided.
This evaluation board has five power supply inputs: V
A
, VSS, V
GND
V
input to supply the AVDD and DVDD pins on the AD7472,
DD
DRIVE
and D
. +5 V must be connected to the
GND
the AD780 voltage reference, the positive supply pin of all
three op-amps and the digital control logic. 0 V is connected
to the A
input. -5 V must be connected to the VSS input to
GND
supply the negative supply pins on all three op-amps. The
V
input can be used to provide an external voltage for the
DRIVE
output drivers on the AD7472. If an external V
supplied, it is referenced to the D
input which should be
GND
tied to 0 V. The supplies are decoupled to the relevant ground
plane with 47µF tantalum and 0.1µF multilayer ceramic
capacitors at the point where they enter the board. The supply
pins of the op-amps and reference are also decoupled to A
with a 10µF tantalum and a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor. The
AD7472 AV
supply pin is decoupled to A
DD
with 10uF
GND
tantalum and 0.1µF multilayer ceramic capacitors. The
AD7472 DV
10uF tantalum capacitors and to D
and VDRIVE pins are decoupled to A
DD
with 0.1µF multilayer
GND
GND
ceramic capacitors.
Extensive ground planes are used on this board to minimize
the effect of high frequency noise interference. There are two
ground planes, A
GND
and D
. These are connected at one
GND
location close to the AD7472.
DRIVE
with
DD
is
GND
,
Unipolar
Ain
Buffer
Bipolar
Ain
Bias-up
buffer
Reference
Power Supply Circuit
AD7472 ADC
Vin
Refin
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
40 pin HSC interface
Data Bus
Control Lines
Generator
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood. MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/329-4700 Fax: 617/326-8703
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EV AL-AD7472CB
Analog Input Section
The analog input section of this evaluation board accommodates unipolar and bipolar signals. Unipolar signals within the
AD7472 analog input signal range of 0 V - 2.5 V are connected via SK5. They are then buffered by the on-board buffer before
being applied to the VIN pin of the AD7472. Bipolar signals are connected via SK3 and are biased up by the on-board biasup buffer circuit before being applied to the VIN pin of the AD7472. The input impedence of the bias-up circuit is 50W which
is determined by the value of R7. The input impedence may be modified by removing/changing the value of R7. To obtain
optimum performance from this evaluation board the use of an impedence matched, passive filter is recommended before the
analog signal is applied to the evaluation board. For example, when using a 100KHz input tone, a 100KHz 50W filter from
TTE (part number KC5-100K-15K-50/50-720B) is suitable.
R8 Potentiometer (50Kohm)
This variable resistor is used to trim the DC bias voltage applied to the optional analog input bias-up circuit. This bias voltage
is factory preset to 1.25 V which biases a bipolar signal to swing around the midpoint of the analog input range (0 - 2.5 V).
If any adjustment is required, the user can use the histogram window in the eval-board software to analyze the DC voltage
variation while adjusting the trim pot. To view this properly, an analog input signal should not be applied to the board. Under
normal operation this pot should not be adjusted as it is preset for optimum performance.
LINK AND SWITCH OPTIONS
There are 11 link options which must be set for the required operating setup before using the evaluation board. The functions
of these options are outlined below.
Link No.Function.
LK1This link is used to select the DC bias voltage to be applied to the optional Vin bias-up circuit.
If the user is using the bias-up circuit, this link must be inserted which will apply the 2.7 V reference voltage
to the bias-up circuit. This causes a bipolar signal (applied to the bipolar vin input socket) to be biased up
around +1.25 V before it is applied to the AD7472 VIN pin. - see also LK10 (below)
If the bias up circuit is not being used this link should be removed.
LK2This link must be in position "A" if external power supplies are being used. In this position the control logic
is being powered by the voltage applied to the VDD input.
When power is being supplied from the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD, this link can be moved to position "B"
if the user wants to drive the control logic from a separate +5 V which is generated on the EVAL-CONTROL
BOARD.
LK3This link option selects the source of the CLKIN input.
When this link is in position "A" the CLKIN input is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
When this link is in position "B" the CLKIN input is provided via the on-board 25MHz oscillator.
When this link is in position "C", an external CLKIN signal must be provided via SK1.
When using the on-board generated burst clock, this link must be in position "D".
LK4This link option selects the source of the CONVST input.
When this link is in position "A" the CONVST input is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
When this link is in position "B" the CONVST input is provided via the external socket, SK2.
LK5This link option selects the source of the RD input.
When this link is in position "A" the RD input is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
When this link is in position "B" the RD input is tied to GND. This option must be selected while using the
High Speed Converter Interface Board.
LK6This link option selects the source of the CS input.
When this link is in position "A" the CS input is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
When this link is in position "B" the CS input is tied to GND. This option must be selected while using the
High Speed Converter Interface Board.
LK7This link option sets the voltage applied to the VDRIVE pin on the AD7472.
When this link is in position "A", VDRIVE is connected directly to the DVDD pin.
When this link is in position "B", an external voltage must be applied to the VDRIVE pin Via J3.
LK8This link selects the source of the V
When this link is in position "A" V
When this link is in position "B" V
LK9This link selects the source of the V
When this link is in position "A" V
When this link is in position "B" V
LK10This link must be in position "A" if a bipolar AIN signal is being applied to the bipolar Vin socket, SK3.
This link must be in position "B" if a unipolar AIN signal is being applied to the unipolar Vin socket, SK5
Continued on next page
supply.
DD
must be supplied from an external source via J2.
DD
is supplied from the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
DD
supply.
SS
must be supplied from an external source via J2.
SS
is supplied from the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
SS
–2–
REV. A
EV AL-AD7472CB
LK11This link is used to provide a clock signal path to the burst mode circuit generator from either the on-board
clock oscillator or from an extermnal clock source via SK1.
In position "A" the master clock signal is provided from the on-board crystal oscillator.
In position "B" the master clock signal must be provided from an external source via SK1.
SET-UP CONDITIONS
Care should be taken before applying power and signals to the evaluation board to ensure that all link positions are as per the
required operating mode. Table I shows the position in which all the links are set when the evaluation board is sent out. All
links are set for use with the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD.
Table I. Initial Link and Switch Positions
Link No.PositionFunction.
LK 1InsertedProvides DC bias voltage to the analog bias-up circuit.
LK2AThe digital logic circuitry is powered from the same voltage as the AD7472.
LK3ACLKIN signal is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD via J1.
LK4ACONVST signal is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD via J1.
LK5ARD signal is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD via J1.
LK6ACS signal is provided by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD via J1.
LK7AAD7472 VDRIVE pin is connected to the AD7472 DVDD pin.
LK8BV
LK9BV
LK10AThe AD7472 Vin pin is connected to the output of the bias-up circuit.
LK11AMaster clock for burst clock generator is provided from the on-board clock oscillator.
is supplied by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD via J1.
DD
is supplied by the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD via J1.
SS
REV. A
–3–
EV AL-AD7472CB
EVAL-CONTROL BOARD INTERFACING
Interfacing to the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD is via a 96way connector, J1. The pinout for the J1 connector is shown
in Figure 2 and its pin designations are given in Table II.
1
A
B
C
1
Figure 2. Pin Configuration for the 96-Way
Connector, J1
96-Way Connector Pin Description
32
32
D0-D11Data Bit 0 to Data Bit 11. Three-state TTL
outputs. D11 is the MSB.
SCLK0Serial Clock Zero. This continuous clock can be
connected to the CLKIN pin of the AD7472 via
LK3.
+5VDDigital +5 V supply. This can be used to provide
a separate +5 V supply for the digital logic if
required via LK2.
RDRead. This is an active low logic input connected
to the RD pin of the AD7472 via LK5.
CSChip Select. This is an active low logic input
connected to the CS pin of the AD7472 via LK6.
FL0Flag zero. This logic input is connected to the
CONVST input of the AD7472 via LK4.
IRQ2Interrupt Request 2. This is a logic output and is
connected to the BUSY logic output on the
AD7472.
DGNDDigital Ground. These lines are connected to
the digital ground plane on the evaluation
board. It allows the user to provide the digital
supply via the connector along with the other
digital signals.
AGNDAnalog Ground. These lines are connected to
the analog ground plane on the evaluation
board.
AV
SS
Negative Supply Voltage. This provides a nega-
tive supply to the on-board op-amps via LK9.
AV
DD
Positive Supply Voltage. This provides a positive
supply to the op-amps, the reference, the AD7472
and the digital logic.
When interfacing directly to the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD,
all power supplies and control signals are generated by the
EVAL-CONTROL BOARD. However, due to the nature of
the DSP interface on the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD,
AD7472 sampling rates greater than 400 KHz are not
supported when interfacing the EVAL-AD7472CB directly
to the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD. To achieve sample rates
greater than 400 KHz, the HSC-INTERFACE BOARD
must be used. The HSC-INTERFACE BOARD is a board
designed to interface between evaluation boards for high
speed analog-to-digital converters and the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD. It can be ordered from Analog Devices
through the normal channels using the part number "HSCINTERFACE BOARD".
Note : The unused pins of the 96-way connector are not shown.
–4–
REV. A
HIGH SPEED CONVERTER (HSC) BOARD
INTERFACING
Interfacing to the HSC BOARD is via a 40-way connector,
J4. The pinout for the J4 connector is shown in Figure 3 and
its pin designations are given in Table III.
39
40
Figure 3. Pin Configuration for the 40-pin HSC
Interface Connector, J1
40-Way Connector Pin Description
D0-D11Data Bit 0 to Data Bit 11. Three-state TTL
outputs. D11 is the MSB.
BUSYBUSY. This is a logic output and is connected to
the BUSY logic output on the AD7472 via an
inverting buffer.
GNDGround. These lines are connected to
the digital ground plane on the evaluation
board.
When interfacing to the High Speed Converter Interface
board, all required power supplies must be supplied from
external sources via the power terminal, J2.
The CLKIN signal can be generated on-board (using the
crystal oscillator or the burst clock generator circuit) or
provided externally via SK1.
The RD and CS inputs to the AD7472 must all be tied low
using LK5 and LK6 respectively.
The CONVST signal must be provided externally via SK1.
Due to the 25 MHz on-board crystal (not the maximum of
26 MHz as specified in the datasheet) the throughput rate will
not meet the maximum datasheet specification of 1.5 MSPS.
Refer to the documentation included with the HSC-INTERFACE BOARD for more information. Note, the HSCINTERFACE BOARD was designed for other high speed
ADC devices but it is compatible with the AD7472 evaluation system.
REV. A
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EV AL-AD7472CB
SOCKETS
There are four input sockets relevant to the operation of the
AD7472 on this evaluation board. The function of these
sockets is outlined in Table IV.
Table IV. Socket Functions
SocketFunction
SK1Sub-Miniature BNC Socket for external clock
input.
SK2Sub-Miniature BNC Socket for external
CONVST input.
SK3Sub-Miniature BNC Socket for Bipolar ana-
log input The AD7472 can only accept analog
inputs in the range 0 V to REFIN. Bipolar
analog inputs in the range -1.25 V to +1.25 V
applied to this socket are biased up to the
acceptable AD7472 input range by the onboard bias-up circuit before being applied to
the AD7472 VIN pin.
SK5Sub-Miniature BNC Socket for unipolar ana-
log input. Analog inputs in the acceptable
AD7472 analog input range (0 V to REFIN)
are applied to this socket. The signal is then
buffered before it is applied to the AD7472
VIN pin.
CONNECTORS
There are four connectors on the AD7472 evaluation board
as outlined in Table V.
Table V. Connector Functions
OPERATING WITH THE EVAL-CONTROL BOARD
The evaluation board can be operated in a stand-alone mode
or operated in conjunction with the EVAL-CONTROL
BOARD (with or without the HSC-INTERFACE BOARD).
This EVAL-CONTROL BOARD is available from Analog
Devices under the order entry "EVAL-CONTROL BOARD".
When interfacing directly to this control board, all supplies
and control signals to operate the AD7472 are provided by
the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD when it is run under control
of the AD7472 software which is provided with the AD7472
evaluation board package. This EVAL-CONTROL BOARD
will also operate with all Analog Devices evaluation boards
which end with the letters CB in their title.
The 96-way connector on the EVAL-AD7472CB plugs
directly into the 96-way connector on the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD. No power supplies are required in the
system. The EVAL-CONTROL BOARD generates all the
required supplies for itself and the EVAL-AD7472CB. The
EVAL-CONTROL BOARD is powered from a 12 V AC
transformer. This is a standard 12 V AC transformer capable
of supplying 1 A current and is available as an accessory from
Analog Devices under the following part numbers:
EVAL-110VAC-US:For use in the U.S. or Japan
EVAL-220VAC-UK:For use in the U.K.
EVAL-220VAC-EU:For use in Europe
These transformers are also available for other suppliers
including Digikey (U.S.) and Campbell Collins (U.K.).
Connection between the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD and
the serial port of a PC is via a standard RS-232 cable which
is provided as part the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD package. Please refer to the manual which accompanies the
EVAL-CONTROL BOARD for more details on the EVALCONTROL BOARD package.
ConnectorFunction
J196-Way Connector for EVAL-CONTROL
BOARD interface connections.
J2External VDD, VSS & AGND power connec-
tor.
J3External VDRIVE & DGND power connec-
tor.
J440-Way Connector for HIGH SPEED CON-
VERTER INTERFACE BOARD connections.
–6–
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EV AL-AD7472CB
Figure 4. Main Screen
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Included in the EVAL-AD7472CB evaluation board package is a PC-compatible disk. This disk has two sub-directories called EVAL_CTRL and HSC_INT, each containing
software for controlling and evaluating the performance of
the AD7472 when it is operated with the EVAL-CONTROL
BOARD or the HSC-INTERFACE BOARD. The EVALAD7472CB Demonstration/Evaluation Software runs under
DOS 4.0 or later and requires a minimum of a 386-based
machine with 400kB of base RAM and 500kB of free hard
disk space. The user interface on the PC is a dedicated
program written especially for the AD7472.
The disk which accompanies the EVAL-AD7472CB contains two sub-directories. The user should create a new
directory on the main PC drive and label this "AD7472".
Then, the sub-directories (and all files contained within
them) on the EVAL-AD7472CB disk should be copied into
this directory. The Mouse Driver on the PC should be
enabled before running the software. If this has not been
loaded, the program will not run.
To run the software, simply make the AD7472\EVAL_CTL
directory or the AD7472\HSC_INT directory (depending
on which setup is being used) the current directory and type
"go". When the evaluation program starts, the user sees the
screen shown on Figure 3 (without any FFT or scope
waveforms). This is the main screen and it is divided into
three parts. The top part provides the main control interface
for the AD7472 evaluation software. The middle part of the
main screen functions as a Digital Storage Oscilloscope and
the bottom part of the main screen operates as either a Digital
Spectrum Analyzer or a Histogram analyzer.
Each part of the screen has several buttons that can be pressed
by using the mouse or the keyboard. To press a button using
the mouse, simply use it to move the on-screen pointer to the
button to be activated and click. To use the keyboard, simply
press the appropriate key as highlighted on the button. Lower
case letters must be used. When a button is pressed, it is
highlighted on the screen. The next button can be highlighted by using the Tab key or the previous button by
holding down the shift key and the Tab key together. The
highlighted button can also be pressed by pressing the space
bar. Pressing the ESC key halts any operation currently in
progress. In this document, if a button can be activated from
the keyboard then the key used is shown in bold in the button
name. For example, "no prog" has the "p" highlighted in
bold, indicating that the button can be activated by pressing
the p key.
Some buttons have a red indicator. A red indicator on the
button means that the function associated with that button is
on. Absence of the red indicator light means that the function
associated with the button is off. The on/off status of these
buttons is changed simply by selecting the button.
Setting up the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD
When the software is run, the "F2 Setup" button in the top left
of the screen should be selected to pop up the setup menu (see
fig. 4). This menu sets up the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD
for use with the EVAL-AD7472CB.
Firstly, a configuration file must be chosen. The configuration file contains the default configuration information for
the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD, the Digital Spectrum
Analyzer and the Digital Storage Oscilloscope. It also tells
the AD7472.EXE software which .HIP file to download to
the ADSP-2111. The .HIP file contains the DSP code which
is executed by the ADSP-2111. Normally, the "no prog"
button is off, so when the configuration file is loaded, the
.HIP file is automatically downloaded to the ADSP-2111.
However, if the "no prog" button is on, then the .HIP file is
not downloaded to the ADSP-2111.
REV. A
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EV AL-AD7472CB
Use the mouse or the keyboard to highlight the configuration
file and load it by clicking the "load" button.
The "Analog in" section shows the analog input range and
DC offset voltage.
The user can then select the required number of samples and
sampling frequency. Note: While the AD7472 data sheet
specifies a maximum clock frequency of 26 MHz, the onboard crystal oscillator outputs a 25MHz clock. Therefore
the max. sampling frequency will be less than that specified
on the data sheet. An external clock frequency (up to the max
specified on the data sheet) can be applied via the external
socket, SK1.
Click the OK button to return to the main screen.
MAIN SCREEN
The top left part of the main screen contains eight buttons
which are selected using the mouse or by using the function
keys from the keyboard. These buttons and the actions they
perform are:
F1:Info. This button shows information on the software.
F2:Setup. This button activates the setup menu.
F3:Samp. When this key is pressed, the software causes
the AD7472 to perform a number of conversions as
determined by the setup menu (see above). The data
from these conversions is then analyzed by the AD7472
evaluation software. Another set of samples may be
taken by pressing the F3 key again.
F4:Cont. Pressing this button causes the software to
repeatedly perform conversions and analyze them.
Once the conversions and analysis has been done for
one set of samples, the software automatically repeats
the process. It continues to do this until the ESC key
is pressed.
Figure 5. Setup Menu Screen
saved in the "binary" format are for viewing purposes
only.
F6:Load. This allows the user to load data from a file
with a .DAT extension. Only data that was saved as
ints can be loaded and analyzed. A configuration file
must be loaded via the "F2 Setup" menu before the
data file can be analyzed. If there is no EVALCONTROL BOARD connected to the PC, then the
"no prog" button in the "F2 Setup" menu must be on.
Once a configuration file has been loaded, the data
loaded from the .DAT file is analyzed according to
the settings in the "F2 Setup" menu.
F7:Reset. Choosing this option resets the EVAL-CON-
TROL BOARD.
F10:Quit. This quits the AD7472 evaluation software and
returns control to the operating system.
INFORMATION WINDOWS
There are three information windows at the top of the main
screen. The left-hand window is the configuration window
and gives details about part being evaluated. It shows the
name of the program that has been downloaded to the EVALCONTROL BOARD, the sampling frequency, the number
of bits, the analog input range of the part and the output code
format of the part. The right-hand large window is the Status
window. This window provides feedback to the user as to
what operations are currently being performed by the software and also displays error messages.
Test Mode
At the top right of the main screen are the Test Mode buttons.
These buttons determine what sort of testing is done on the
samples captured by the software. Both an ac analysis and dc
analysis can be performed. The function of these buttons are:
fft plotChoosing this button causes the Digital Spec-
trum Analyzer to appear at the bottom of the
screen.
Histogram: Choosing this button causes the Histogram
Analyzer to be displayed at the bottom of the
screen.
There is one other button near the top of the screen, beside
the "F10 Quit" button. This is:
blackman-harris: When performing a Fourier transform
of the sampled data, this button determines whether
or not the data is windowed by a blackman-harris
window before the transform. When this button is
on, the data is windowed. When this button is off,
the data isn't windowed. See the Digital Spectrum
Analyzer section for more details.
F5:Save. This saves a set of samples to a file for use either
at a later date or with other software. The samples can
be saved either as "volts", "ints" or "binary". The
format of all these files is ASCII text. Note that the
AD7472 software can only load files saved in the "ints"
format. Files saved in the "volts" and "ints" formats
can be used with packages such as Mathcad. Files
–8–
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EV AL-AD7472CB
DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPE.
When samples of data are captured, they are displayed on the
Digital Storage Oscilloscope. If the blackman-harris button
is turned on then the windowed data is also displayed on the
oscilloscope. The 'scope has been designed to act in a similar
way as a conventional oscilloscope. To the right of the
oscilloscope are several buttons that control the manner in
which data is displayed on the 'scope. The timebase for the
oscilloscope is automatically chosen by the software if the
Time/Div "Auto" button is on. The user can also select the
timebase by clicking in the Time/Div window and scrolling
up and down through the possible timebases. Similarly, the
vertical scale of the oscilloscope is chosen automatically if the
Volt/Div "Auto" button is on. The user also has the option
of selecting the desired vertical scale in a similar manner to
selecting the timebase.
The other buttons associated with the oscilloscope are:
gridThis button toggles the grid display of the oscillo-
scope on and off.
axisThis button toggles the axis display of the oscillo-
scope on and off
textThis button toggles the text displayed on the oscil-
loscope screen on and off.
lineWhen the line button is on, the displayed samples
are joined together by lines. When this button is off,
the samples are displayed as points.
acWhen this button is on, the dc component of the
sampled signal is removed and the signal is displayed. This has the effect of centering the signal
vertically on the oscilloscope screen. When this
button is off, the dc component is not removed and
the signal is displayed with its horizontal axis
corresponding to a code of 0. The ac display option
is useful for zooming in on a low-level signal that
has a large dc offset.
dualWhen the "dual" button is on, the oscilloscope
screen is divided into two parts with the sampled
data display centered on one horizontal axis and the
windowed data display centered on another. When
the "dual" button is off, both traces are centered on
the same horizontal axis.
1This button toggles the sampled data trace on and
off.
2This button toggles the windowed data trace on and
off.
HISTOGRAM ANALYZER
The histogram analyzer counts the number of occurrences of
each code in the captured samples and displays a histogram
of these counts. The most frequently occurring code is
displayed in the center of the histogram. The analyzer is
normally used with a dc input signal and calculates the mean
and the standard deviation of the sampled data. The mean
and standard deviation are displayed in both volts and in units
of the lsb size of the converter. The histogram gives a good
indication of the dc noise performance of the ADC. The
standard deviation shows directly the noise introduced in the
conversion process.