Alpine HCE-C300R Owner Manual

FOR CAR USE ONLY/NUR FÜR AUTOMOBIL GEBRAUCH/POUR APPLICATION AUTOMOBILE
UNIQUEMENT/PARA USO EN AUTOMÓVILES/SOLO PER L’UTILIZZO IN AUTOMOBILE/ENDAST FÖR BILBRUK/
REAR VIEW CAMERA SYSTEM
HCE-C300R
OWNER’S MANUAL
BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
MODE D’EMPLOI
MANUAL DE OPERACIÓN
ISTRUZIONI PER L’USO
ANVÄNDARHANDLEDNING
ALPINE ELECTRONICS MARKETING, INC.
1-1-8 Nishi Gotanda,
Shinagawa-ku,
Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
Phone 03-5496-8231
ALPINE ELECTRONICS OF AMERICA, INC.
19145 Gramercy Place, Torrance,
California 90501, U.S.A.
Phone 1-800-ALPINE-1 (1-800-257-4631)
ALPINE ELECTRONICS OF CANADA, INC.
777 Supertest Road, Toronto,
Ontario M3J 2M9, Canada
Phone 1-800-ALPINE-1 (1-800-257-4631)
Please read before using this equipment.
Lesen Sie diese Bedienungsanleitung bitte vor Gebrauch des Gerätes.
Veuillez lire avant d’utiliser cet appareil.
Léalo antes de utilizar este equipo.
Si prega di leggere prima di utilizzare l’attrezzatura.
Innan du använder utrustningen bör du läsa igenom denna användarhandledning.
ALPINE ELECTRONICS OF AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.
161-165 Princes Highway, Hallam
Victoria 3803, Australia
Phone 03-8787-1200
ALPINE ELECTRONICS GmbH
Wilhelm-Wagenfeld-Str. 1-3,
80807 München, Germany
Phone 089-32 42 640
ALPINE ELECTRONICS OF U.K. LTD.
Alpine House
Fletchamstead Highway,
Coventry CV4 9TW, U.K.
Phone 0870-33 33 763
ALPINE ELECTRONICS FRANCE S.A.R.L.
(RCS PONTOISE B 338 101 280)
98, Rue de la Belle Etoile, Z.I. Paris Nord Il,
B.P. 50016, 95945 Roissy Charles de Gaulle
Cedex, France
Phone 01-48638989
ALPINE ITALIA S.p.A.
Viale C. Colombo 8, 20090 Trezzano
Sul Naviglio (MI), Italy
ALPINE ELECTRONICS DE ESPAÑA, S.A.
Portal de Gamarra 36, Pabellón, 32
01013 Vitoria (Alava)-APDO 133, Spain
ALPINE ELECTRONICS (BENELUX) GmbH
Leuvensesteenweg 510-B6,
1930 Zaventem, Belgium
Phone 02-484781
Phone 945-283588
Phone 02-725-13 15
EN
DE
FR
ES
IT
SE
CT
CS
YAMAGATA Co., Ltd. 2-6-34, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 220-8515 Japan
Designed by ALPINE Japan
Printed in Japan (Y)
68-18693Z26-B
ENGLISH
Contents
Operating Instructions
WARNING
DANGER ........................................... 2
WARNING ........................................2
CAUTION .........................................3
NOTICE ............................................. 4
Feature
About Object Detection
Function ..........................................5
Cautions Regarding Object Detection
Function .................................................. 6
About Selection of Warning Objects ...... 7
Display of Detected Object ..............8
Warning Icon when No Object is
Detected ................................................ 10
Moving object verification icon ............10
Camera Image ..................................11
About the rear camera guide ................. 12
Error between the display and actual
road surface ..........................................13
Warning Message Displays .................... 13
About Calibration ...........................14
Camera Operation
Turning the Rear Camera On and
Off ..................................................15
Displaying the rear image by shifting the
gear lever ...............................................15
Displaying the rear image through
operation from connected
products ................................................15
Changing the Rear Image
Configuration ...............................16
Adjusting Alarm Volume ...............16
Adjusting Detection Sensitivity .....16
Installation and Connections
Installation of the Rearview
Camera System ............................17
Mounting the Rearview Camera ...17
1. Preparation ..........................................17
2. Installing the Rearview camera ......... 18
3. Installing the Buzzer ........................... 20
4. Installing the Switch ...........................20
5. Installing the Control Unit ................21
Connections .....................................22
System Example ..............................24
Connecting a product that has the direct
camera input connector ...................... 24
Connecting a product that has RCA
video input terminals ..........................24
Confirmation ..................................25
Calibration
Introduction .....................................26
What is Calibration? ............................... 26
Setting Flowchart ....................................26
Switching between “Calibration Mode”
and “Normal Use Mode” .....................26
Preparation .......................................26
Accessory parts........................................26
Necessary tools ........................................ 26
Necessary space for work ....................... 27
Prepare the Car Body .............................27
Affixing the calibration sheets .......27
About Operation in Calibration
Mode .............................................30
Performing Calibration ..................31
Information
Specifications ...................................35
In Case of Difficulty .......................35
1-EN
Operating Instructions
WARNING
DANGER
This symbol means important instructions. What to do in the case of an extremely critical situation wherein someone may suffer grave or mortal injury.
DO NOT PROCEED TO BACK UP YOUR VEHICLE WHILE PEOPLE ARE IN YOUR VIEW OR THE CAMERA’S VIEW. SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH CAN RESULT.
WARNING
This symbol means important instructions. Failure to heed them can result in serious injury or death.
WHEN USING A CAMERA SYSTEM, THE DRIVER MUST VISUALLY CHECK ACTUAL CONDITIONS AROUND THE VEHICLE. MAKE SURE THERE ARE NO PERSONS OR ANIMALS IN THE AREA IN WHICH YOU ARE MANEUVERING OTHERWISE YOU COULD INJURE THEM.
A camera assists the driver by sending images to the screen showing conditions in view of the camera. The camera uses a wide-angle lens, therefore, there is a difference in distance perspective between what is normally seen and what appears on the screen. Also, the images shown by the rearview camera are reversed, so as to appear the same as what is seen through the rearview mirror.
The camera may not perform to full capability due to variables such as:
weather conditions such as hard rain, snow, fog or mud
extremely high or low temperatures near camera
slope of vehicle and/or roadway
direct exposure to very bright light such as headlamp or bright sunlight
moving from very dark to very bright light and vice versa such as in parking garages or tunnels
extremely low light areas
walls or objects that are located diagonally in relation to the camera
retracted mirrors that change camera viewing angle
open doors or trunks
changes to height of vehicle due to loading capacity or hydraulic suspensions
objects located at the corner of the vehicle
WHEN USING AN OBJECT SENSOR SYSTEM, THE DRIVER MUST VISUALLY CHECK ACTUAL CONDITIONS AROUND THE VEHICLE. MAKE SURE THERE ARE NO PERSONS OR ANIMALS IN THE AREA IN WHICH YOU ARE MANEUVERING OTHERWISE YOU COULD INJURE THEM.
The Object detection function assists the driver in checking behind and around the vehicle but is not a substitute for using your own eyes. The system may not perform to full capability due to variables such as:
weather conditions such as hard rain, snow, fog or mud
dense exhaust fumes obscuring the sensor extremely high or low temperatures near sensor
slope of vehicle and/or roadway
direct exposure to very bright light such as headlamp or
bright sunlight moving from very dark to very bright light and vice versa
such as in parking garages or tunnels walls or objects that are located diagonally in relation to
the sensor open doors or trunks
changes to height of vehicle due to load capacity or
hydraulics speed of vehicle and/or approaching object
objects moving perpendicular to vehicle at same speed as
vehicle walls or objects that are located diagonally in relation to
the sensor large groups of moving objects, such as pedestrians in
crosswalk when an object and vehicle are not moving
when an object approaches the vehicle from an angle
greater than 5 degrees objects more than 12 feet or 3.7 meters behind vehicle
objects hidden by vehicle
narrow objects such as a cone or pole
objects located above the area that the sensor can scan
non-moving small objects that are low to the ground
approaching a flat wall, such as parking structure or guardrail
other vehicles traveling at speed in excess of 24 mph or 40 km
own vehicle traveling over 3 mph or 5 km
CHECK THAT THE CAMERA AND/OR SENSOR MOUNTING IS ATTACHED SECURELY, AND THAT THE SCREWS ARE TIGHT BEFORE DRIVING.
Failure to do so may result in an accident.
WHEN INSTALLING OR CHECKING A CAMERA AND/OR OBJECT SENSOR, DO SO AFTER PARKING THE CAR IN A LEVEL, SAFE PLACE, TURNING OFF THE ENGINE, AND APPLYING THE HAND BRAKE.
Failure to do so may result in an accident.
WHEN INSTALLING CAMERA AND/OR OBJECT SENSOR, BE SURE TO USE SPECIFIC VEHICLE CALIBRATION KIT OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT ACCURATELY DISPLAY IMAGES.
Failure to do so may result in an accident.
MINIMIZE DISPLAY VIEWING WHILE DRIVING.
Viewing the display may distract the driver from looking ahead of the vehicle and cause an accident.
DO NOT DISASSEMBLE OR ALTER.
Doing so may result in an accident, fire or electric shock.
KEEP SMALL OBJECTS SUCH AS BOLTS OR SCREWS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.
Swallowing them may result in serious injury. If swallowed, consult a physician immediately.
USE THE CORRECT AMPERE RATING WHEN REPLACING FUSES.
Failure to do so may result in fire or electric shock.
2-EN
MAKE THE CORRECT CONNECTIONS.
When making connections to the vehicle’s electrical system, be aware of the factory installed components (e.g. on-board computer). Do not tap into these leads to provide power for this unit. When connecting the device to the fuse box, make sure the fuse for the intended circuit of the device has the appropriate amperage. Failure to do so may result in fire or damage to the unit and/or the vehicle. When in doubt, consult your Alpine dealer.
BEFORE WIRING, DISCONNECT THE CABLE FROM THE NEGATIVE BATTERY TERMINAL.
Failure to do so may result in electric shock or injury due to electrical shorts.
DO NOT ROUTE ELECTRICAL CABLES NEAR HOT OR MOVING PARTS.
Route the cables and wiring away from hot or moving parts, and fix them securely to avoid heat/mechanical damage to the cable insulation, which may result in a short circuit, fire or electric shock.
DO NOT SPLICE INTO ELECTRICAL CABLES.
Never cut away cable insulation to supply power to other equipment. Doing so will exceed the current carrying capacity of the wire and result in fire or electric shock.
DO NOT INSTALL IN LOCATIONS WHICH MIGHT HINDER VEHICLE OPERATION, SUCH AS THE STEERING WHEEL OR SHIFT LEVER.
Doing so may obstruct forward vision or hamper movement etc. and results in serious accident.
DO NOT DAMAGE PIPE OR WIRING WHEN DRILLING HOLES.
When drilling holes in the chassis for installation, take precautions so as not to contact, damage or obstruct pipes, fuel lines, tanks or electrical wiring. Failure to take such precautions may result in fire.
DO NOT USE BOLTS OR NUTS IN THE BRAKE OR STEERING SYSTEMS TO MAKE GROUND CONNECTIONS.
Bolts or nuts used for the brake or steering systems (or any other safety-related system), or tanks should NEVER be used for installations or ground connections. Using such parts could disable control of the vehicle and cause fire etc.
DO NOT ALLOW CABLES TO BECOME ENTANGLED IN SURROUNDING OBJECTS.
Arrange wiring and cables in compliance with the manual to prevent obstructions when driving. Cables or wiring that obstruct or hang up on places such as the steering wheel, shift lever, brake pedals, etc. can be extremely hazardous.
USE THIS PRODUCT FOR MOBILE 12V APPLICATIONS.
Use for other than its designed application may result in fire, electric shock or other injury.
USE ONLY IN CARS WITH A 12 VOLT NEGATIVE GROUND.
(Check with your dealer if you are not sure.) Failure to do so may result in fire, etc.
WHEN USING A DRILL TO MAKE A HOLE, TAKE PRECAUTIONS SUCH AS WEARING GOGGLES SO FRAGMENTS DO NOT GET INTO THE EYES.
Failure to do so may result in injury.
CALIBRATION REQUIRED.
If this camera system is not calibrated, its detection function will not work properly. It must be calibrated before use. Calibration is also necessary after remounting.
BE CAREFUL WHEN SETTING THE ALARM VOLUME.
Set the alarm volume to an audible level. If the alarm cannot be heard due to the volume of the car radio, etc., it might result in an accident.
BE AWARE OF DIFFERENCES IN DETECTION SENSITIVITY LEVELS.
If the sensitivity level of the object detector is changed from a high setting to a low setting, be aware of differences in detection levels. Objects that were detected under the previous level will not be detected anymore, and this might result in an accident.
BE AWARE OF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE OBJECT DETECTION FUNCTION.
The warning function only works when the gear lever is in the reverse position (R). Using the detection feature with reverse OFF may result in an accident.
DO NOT USE WITH A TOW TRUCK.
If reversed while connected to a tow truck, it will falsely detect the tow truck. Also, it cannot detect objects near the tow truck, which may result in an accident.
DO NOT JUDGE SITUATIONS BASED ONLY ON THE WARNING OF THE OBJECT DETECTION FUNCTION.
Warnings may not always be given even when vehicles or people are in danger of being hit. This is due to many factors such as vehicle speed or distance from your vehicle.
DO NOT IGNORE OBJECT DETECTION FUNCTION WARNINGS.
If an object detection warning occurs, check the surrounding area thoroughly.
CAUTION
This symbol means important instructions. Failure to heed them can result in injury or material property damage.
DO NOT ATTACH THE CAMERA AND/OR OBJECT SENSOR MOUNTING TO FLUOROCARBON RESIN FINISHED CAR BODIES OR GLASS.
Doing so could cause the strength of the camera mounting to weaken, which could cause it to fall of and cause accidents, injury, or damage to the car body.
DO NOT ATTACH THE CAMERA AND/OR OBJECT SENSOR MOUNTING TO ANY SURFACE WHERE THE ENTIRE ADHESIVE SURFACE CANNOT BE APPLIED.
Doing so could cause the strength of the camera mounting to weaken, which could cause it to fall of and cause accidents, injury, or damage to the car body.
EXCEPT FOR THE CAMERA AND/OR OBJECT SENSOR, DO NOT ATTACH ANY PARTS TO AREAS WHICH WILL GET WET, OR WHERE THERE IS A LOT OF HUMIDITY OR DUST.
Failure to do so may result in fire or damage.
USE SPECIFIED ACCESSORY PARTS AND INSTALL THEM SECURELY.
Be sure to use only the specified accessory parts. Use of other than designated parts may damage this unit internally or may not securely install the unit in place. This may cause parts to become loose resulting in hazards or product failure.
3-EN
HAVE THE WIRING AND INSTALLATION DONE BY EXPERTS.
The wiring and installation of this unit requires special technical skill and experience. To ensure safety, always contact the dealer where you purchased this product to have the work done.
ARRANGE THE WIRING SO IT IS NOT CRIMPED OR PINCHED BY A SHARP METAL EDGE.
Route the cables and wiring away from moving parts (like the seat rails) or sharp or pointed edges. This will prevent crimping and damage to the wiring.
HALT USE IMMEDIATELY IF A PROBLEM APPEARS.
Failure to do so may cause personal injury or damage to the product. Return it to your authorized Alpine dealer or the nearest Alpine Service Centre for repairing.
CHECK WIRING WHEN ATTACHING.
Double-check your wiring to ensure all connections are correct and secure. Also, do not apply unnecessary force to the harness. This can result in battery failure, performance failure, connector damage, or wire breakage.
NOTICE
About Care of Device
Do not assert any excess pressure to the camera, object sensor or the mounting, as this could cause the device’s direction to shift, or the device mounting to come off.
To prevent the camera lens, object sensor, mounting and cords from changing colour or shape, or from deteriorating, wipe with a chemical-free, damp cloth.
When washing the vehicle, do not use an automatic car washer, or high-pressure washer. Doing so could cause the camera and/or object sensor to come off, damage to the device cords, or may allow water to enter the camera and/or object sensor.
Be sure to disconnect the cable from the (–) battery post before installing your HCE-C300R. This will reduce any chance of damage to the unit in case of a short circuit.
Be sure to connect the colour coded leads according to the diagram. Incorrect connections may cause the unit to malfunction or damage to the vehicle’s electrical system.
When making connections to the vehicle’s electrical system, be aware of the factory installed components (e.g. on-board computer). Do not tap into these leads to provide power for this unit. When connecting the HCE-C300R to the fuse box, make sure the fuse for the intended circuit of the HCE-C300R has the appropriate amperage. Failure to do so may result in damage to the unit and/or the vehicle. When in doubt, consult your Alpine dealer.
In some cases, to attach the device, a hole must be drilled in the car body, requiring use of touch-up paint (retail product) for rust-prevention, and should be prepared beforehand.
Route the cables and wiring away from hot or moving parts, and fix them securely to avoid heat/mechanical damage to the cable insulation, which may result in short­circuit, fire or electric shock.
About Calibration Settings
Obstacle detection performance adjustment and guidance mark settings configuration require that the camera installation information be entered. If the camera information is not entered, correct detection results may not be provided. Therefore, be sure to perform calibration. When the camera is reinstalled or when the vehicle is changed, be sure to perform readjustment.
About Rear Camera
The rear camera of this camera system is a dedicated product. Do not connect it to other cameras.
4-EN
About Power Connection
Connect a reverse input cable (orange/white) to the power cable of the rear lamp. For details, consult a dealer purchased the camera, or car dealer.
Connect this to a power cable of the rear lamp, but not to the positive (+) of the rear lamp signal cable.
Do not use a mobile phone and wireless device near the camera.
Doing so may result in noise on the screen or malfunction. It is recommended to use a mobile phones or wireless devices away from the camera.
About Camera Installation Location
Before installing, make sure there is a enough space to be able to install the camera. If possible, install the camera in the centre of the bumper or other fitting. If the camera is installed at a distance left or right of centre, the image may differ from the real view.
Choose the mounting locations for the control unit, camera and buzzer carefully. This location must be able to support the product weight when mounted by the supplied screws. Otherwise, damage to the vehicle may result.
Feature
This camera system displays a live video of the area behind the vehicle. A separately installed monitor is required to view this video. When the vehicle is placed in reverse, besides video, the system also detects various objects (such as other cars or people) moving behind the vehicle. There is a visual and audible warning given for each object detected. There are 4 different display configurations for the rear view.
About Object Detection Function
This camera system detects objects from the camera image and warns drivers with a display and an alarm.
The object detection function is useful in the following situations:
When you reverse the car to exit a parking space at a shopping mall, this function helps to detect cars
that are driving from the right or the left and gives an audible warning. When you reverse the car to exit your garage toward the street, this function helps to detect cars that
are driving down the street and gives an audible warning.
Beep Beep Beep
Objects moving away from vehicle are not detected.
You can adjust the volume of the warning beeps. Refer to “Adjusting Alarm Volume” (page 16).
You can adjust the sensitivity to objects. Refer to “Adjusting Detection Sensitivity” (page 16).
5-EN
Cautions Regarding Object Detection Function
This camera system is designed to help the driver make safe driving decisions. It must not replace a thorough, visual inspection around the vehicle by the driver, before proceeding.
This system cannot detect every object within range of coming in contact with your vehicle.
This camera distorts object size and distance from the vehicle. We are not responsible for any accidents caused by driver misjudgement or conclusions based on objects seen or unseen by this system.
This system uses the camera’s image to detect moving objects. Therefore, only objects seen by the camera are detectable. There be times when a false warning is given with no moving object in the display. In other cases, no warning at all is given although moving vehicles are visible in the display.
In addition, a warning may not be given or may be delayed in the following cases or for the following objects.
Object out of the camera’s scope
e
Your vehicle
3.7 m
6-EN
Objects approaching from directly behind
e
30°
When both the vehicle and objects are motionless
Motionless objects are difficult to detect. Therefore, there may be cases where a warning is not given or the
distance is not correct. Be sure to perform a visual check.
Road paint (for example, crosswalks), tire chocks, curbstones
Thin objects (for example, cones and poles)
Low objects (for example, infants, children and small bicycles/tricycles)
Large objects (for example, concrete block walls and guardrails)
Objects not within 3.7 m behind the vehicle
Objects approaching from a slope
If multiple pedestrians crossing. If multiple pedestrians continuously approaching.
When the object moves at the same speed as the vehicle
Motionless objects when the vehicle moves very slowly
Object moving at an extremely low speed
When objects disappear from the camera’s scope because of exhaust gases, rain, fog, snow, or mud
False detection because of exhaust gases, rain, snow, or road surface reflections
When the vehicle moves at speeds equal to or more than 5 mph (5 km/h)
When the object moves at speeds equal to or more than 25 mph (40 km/h)
When the detection range becomes narrower because the camera’s scope is interrupted by the vehicle’s body
When tires are changed or the vehicle is loaded with heavy objects after calibration
A particularly dark location at night
A light flashing near the vehicle or its own hazard lamps flashing.
When light hits the camera directly (If a license plate lamp has been customized to be brighter than normal, etc.)
If the vehicle is tilted
Reflection of light on the road surface while driving the vehicle
Moving object that starts moving near the vehicle
If the vehicle shadow shows up in the camera image
If the headlights of another car reflect on the body of the vehicle to the side
About Selection of Warning Objects
If multiple objects are detected, a warning is given for the most critical object in both the right and left images. An alarm sounds for the nearest object on either the right or left side.
The warning objects are selected according to the “arrival time” to the vehicle. Therefore, objects at higher speeds are recognized as high priority from a longer distance. Even when a moving object at lower speeds (for example, pedestrians) is closer to the vehicle, another moving object with a shorter arrival time (for example, a car) is preferentially displayed if such an object is detected.
For example: There is a pedestrian moving towards your vehicle at 2.5 mph (4 km/h) and a car from your vehicle approaching at 12 mph (20 km/h). The car will reach your vehicle earlier. In this case, a warning is given for the car.
Your vehicle
12 mph (20 km/h) Arrival time is shorter
2.5 mph (4 km/h) Arrival time is longer
Car
Pedestrian
7-EN
Display of Detected Object
The display when an object is detected differs depending on image configurations.
When there are lots of objects present, such as in a
crowd of people, the outer frame light will blink as a warning. Individual objects will not be detected. Because this camera system detects objects based on
a Panorama View image, warnings can occur even if an object does not show on the Ground View / Rear View screen.
Panorama View Display
e
Indications
A small box appears on an object that enters the camera’s view. The box follows the object moving through the display.
The box represents the objects approximate position
relative to your vehicle. There may be times when the box does not appear or does not follow the object accurately.
When an object is detected, the screen is enclosed by a red frame (first time only). An alarm also starts to sound.
The warning ends when the object comes directly behind the vehicle. No warning also occurs when the object moves away from the vehicle.
Rear View Display Indications
e
A triangle mark appears on the leftmost or rightmost side of the screen, indicating that an object is approaching from a side. After the object appears on the screen, a small box appears at the approximate location.
When an object is detected, the screen is enclosed by a red frame (first time only). An alarm also starts to sound.
The system boxes off the object in red.
8-EN
If the object comes into the warning area, a red triangle arrow appears.
When the object comes into the screen, the system boxes off the obstacle in red.
The warning ends when the object comes directly behind the vehicle. No warning also occurs when the object moves away from the vehicle.
Ground View Display Indications
e
A triangle mark appears on the leftmost or rightmost side of the screen, indicating that an object is approaching from a side.
When an object is detected, the screen is enclosed by a red frame (first time only). An alarm also starts to sound.
If the object comes into the warning area, a red triangle arrow appears.
The warning ends when the object comes directly behind the vehicle. No warning also occurs when the object moves away from the vehicle.
The Ground View displays only a small area. Even if no warning occurs, make sure to check the surrounding area thoroughly.
Corner View Display Indications
e
The direction from which a detected object is approaching is indicated on the left or right side of the screen.
The left or right side screen frame (whichever side the object is detected) blinks red.
The warning ends when the object comes directly behind the vehicle. No warning also occurs when the object moves away from the vehicle.
9-EN
Warning Icon when No Object is Detected
The system detects an object only when the gear lever is in the reverse position (R).
If a rear camera image is displayed without placing
the gear lever in the reverse position (when you call a rear camera image from the menu screen for example), object detection is not active.
When object detection is not active, an icon appears at the upper left of the screen.
Warning icon
Moving object verification icon
This icon displays when the system is determining if an object nearby the vehicle is moving or stationary. Warnings are delayed slightly while this icon is being displayed.
10-EN
The moving object verification icon may be displayed
even if vehicle speed increases.
Loading...
+ 27 hidden pages