Aerosoft PBY Catalina User Guide

PBY Catalina

Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Contents
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................	4
System requirements ........................................................................................................................	4
Credits...............................................................................................................................................	4
Copyrights .........................................................................................................................................	5
Contact support ................................................................................................................................	5
Models and versions..........................................................................................................................	6
Limitations ........................................................................................................................................	7
Gear/Floats....................................................................................................................................	7
Behavior on water .........................................................................................................................	7
Hardware ......................................................................................................................................	7
Views.............................................................................................................................................	7
Failure model and special features ....................................................................................................	8
Cylinder Head Temperature overheat............................................................................................	8
Oil Temperature overheat .............................................................................................................	8
Carburetor icing.............................................................................................................................	8
Structural icing ..............................................................................................................................	9
Fouled sparkplugs..........................................................................................................................	9
Shock cooling.................................................................................................................................	9
Aerosoft Sound Control ...................................................................................................................	10
Flight model ....................................................................................................................................	10
Using the switches and knobs..........................................................................................................	10
Interactive Checklist ........................................................................................................................	11
Avionics, 1940’s military cockpit ......................................................................................................	12
Communication and navigation ...................................................................................................	12
Sperry Autopilot ..........................................................................................................................	13
Engaging the autopilot.............................................................................................................	14
Gain settings............................................................................................................................	14
Heading...................................................................................................................................	14
Pitch ........................................................................................................................................	14
Bank ........................................................................................................................................	15
Avionics, modern cockpit.................................................................................................................	15
Bendix King KT 76c Transponder ..................................................................................................	15
Bendix King KR 87 ADF receiver. ..................................................................................................	16
Bendix King KN62A DME display. .................................................................................................	17
Bendix King KMA24 Audio panel ..................................................................................................	17
Coms Radio and GPS receiver ......................................................................................................	18
Engine Settings................................................................................................................................	19
Appendix A: Simplified checklist ......................................................................................................	21
Power Up ....................................................................................................................................	21
Before Starting ............................................................................................................................	22
Engine Starting ............................................................................................................................	22
Before Taxi ..................................................................................................................................	23

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Taxi Out.......................................................................................................................................	24
Run-Up........................................................................................................................................	24
Before Take Off (land + sea).........................................................................................................	25
After Take Off ..............................................................................................................................	26
Approach.....................................................................................................................................	26
Landing (Land) .............................................................................................................................	27
Landing (Sea)...............................................................................................................................	27
Taxi In..........................................................................................................................................	27
After Parking/Docking..................................................................................................................	27
Termination.................................................................................................................................	28

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Introduction

The Catalina was always very high on our list of possible projects, but only with FSX around did we get the platform that could do all the details and special options we wanted to include. There are two reasons why the Catalina was so important to us, first (of course) because it is a very important aircraft, back in the days it hunted down submarines but even now in its new role as crowd pleaser at air shows. Secondly because it is just the most whacky looking aircraft we know. Seen from the front it looks like a dinosaur and from the side it looks like three different aircraft and a boat were glued together. But despite looking strange it was a remarkable effective and successful aircraft and we are proud to offer it to you.

This manual contains two distinct parts. The first part (the one you are reading now) deals with the aircraft in FSX and the second part is about the ‘real’ aircraft. The second part of the manual is not one for the simulated version but from an actual flying PBY 5A. We feel so confident about our simulation that we include that with permission of the Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY (http://www.catalina-pby.nl).

System requirements

•Microsoft Flight Simulator FSX (with SP2 or Acceleration Pack)

•Dual Core CPU

•2 GB RAM internal memory

•512 MB graphic card

•Adobe Acrobat® Reader 8 minimal to read and print the manual (1)

(1) Available for free, download at: http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html

Credits

Concept:	Mathijs Kok (Aerosoft)
Models/Textures	Stefan Hofmann (Aerosoft)
XML/ gauges	Finn Jacobsen
Flight modelling	John Cagle
GPS/Radio gauges	Don Kuhn (FS2X.com)
Project Management:	Mathijs Kok (Aerosoft)
Manual, documentation:	Mathijs Kok (Aerosoft), Christoph Beck
Sounds:	Nick Schreger (Meatwater Studios) and Aerosoft
Additional liveries:	Dag Roger Stangeland
Images:	Nick Churchill
Installer:	Andreas Mügge (Aerosoft)
Testing:	Several good folks who will all be getting a free copy

With special thanks to the the Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY (http://www.catalina-pby.nl) and the Danish Technical Museum (http://www.tekniskmuseum.dk) that provided us with a lot of information. At the museum you will soon be able to fly this aircraft.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Copyrights

The manual, documentation, video images, software, and all the related materials are copyrighted and cannot be copied, photocopied, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine legible form, neither completely nor in part, without the previous written consent of AEROSOFT. THE SOFTWARE IS FURNISHED «AS IS» AND IT DOES NOT COME FURNISHED WITH ANY GUARANTEE IMPLICIT OR EXPRESS. THE AUTHOR DECLINES EVERY RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONTINGENT MALFUNCTIONS, DECELERATION, AND ANY DRAWBACK THAT SHOULD ARISE, USING THIS SOFTWARE.

Copyright © 2009 AEROSOFT. All rights reserved. All trademarks and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective owners.

Copyrights are serious stuff. If you find any pirated copies of this software please notify us at info@aerosoft-shop. We will make sure reports of copyrights violation are rewarded.

Aerosoft GmbH

Lindberghring 12

D-33142 Büren, Germany

www.aerosoft.com

www.aerosoft-shop.com

Contact support

Support for this product is offered by Aerosoft. We prefer to have a support forum for the simple reason that it is fast and efficient because customers help customers when we are sleeping.

Aerosoft forums: http://forum.aerosoft-shop.com

We feel strongly about support. Buying one of our products gives you the right to waste our time with questions you feel might be silly. They are not.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Models and versions

The Catalina is one of those aircraft that was done in many distinct models and dozens of versions and hundreds of variations. A few hours after being received by a new crew it would have been customized with new gear added and other things thrown out. This process did not stop after the aircraft were put into non-military service; in fact it was probably more visible as gun turrets and radar domes were removed. As with other projects we decided not to be obsessed with this and to simulate not an existing aircraft but to merge thousands of images into five base models;

•PBY-5. Pure floater model but able to be equipped with a beaching gear to drag it around on land.

•PBY-5A Period Military. This model reflects what the aircraft looked like around 1944 in it absolute heyday. The radio room is not modeled fully as it would be too complex to ensure fluent framerates but it will allow basic communication and navigation. On some aircraft the flight engineer’s controls were already moved to the main cockpit and our model shows this.

•PBY-5A Modern. This model is done like the many PBY-5A’s that fly around the world at this moment. The barely functional autopilot has been replaced with an avionics set that allows flights into a modern aviation environment. Far from a state of the art glass cockpits it does include a serious GPS system and all communication equipment you will need.

•PBY-6 Period Military. This model is internally identical to the PBY-5A Period Military but externally it is different and allows repaints of some of the best know Catalinas.

•PBY-6 Modern. This model is internally identical to the PBY-5A modern but externally it is different and allows repaints of some of the best know Catalinas.

In total there are 11 different aircraft in the 1.00 release version, with a few more to come as customers request models to be repainted.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Limitations

It is best to start with things that do not work as we would like them to or not as good as we would like.

Gear/Floats

In FSX the gear and moving floats are linked to the same system (hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical). In the real PBY the gear is hydraulic and the floats are operated electrically. As we felt the gears were more important the floats are now also hydraulic and need hydraulic pressure to operate.

Behavior on water

We can say this nice or nasty but the effect is the same. FSX aircraft that float on water are like paper aircraft that have no weight. The movements are enough to make us nauseous. There is hardly any control and it’s not at all as it should be and the bigger the aircraft the worse it seems. Blame Microsoft and not us.

BUT... we think this aircraft behaves far better on the water than any other because we tricked flaps, water rudders and other things. You will find the aircraft more sluggish than others but this is most certainly more realistic.

Hardware

If you have hardware mixture controls it is best to leave them at full rich settings to allow the mixture control of the Catalina to work.

If spoilers or flaps are assigned to hardware control axes, set them to fully retracted position and leave them there in order not to intervene how they are operated by the Catalina.

Views

The Catalina is designed with the utmost care towards framerates. This means that TrackIR users will be able to move their head in positions that we did not design the aircraft for. As an example, since the radio view in the period models is fixed, you cannot pan around. Yet with a TrackIR you can override this and will see that the backwall of the cockpit is transparent. This is done to save framerates and will never be seen from the viewpoints we intended to be used.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Failure model and special features

FSX has an extensive failure model but there are a few things missing that we felt should be added. These failures are typical for the type of aircraft and are not (or not well enough) provided by FSX. They are certainly important when you fly the more modern versions. They are all museum items and although mostly lovingly restored and in fine condition, they are many decades old and more prone to problems when abused. Of course when you fly the war time versions it can be expected that they are pushed to the red lines on the gauges more often.

Cylinder Head Temperature overheat

When the top of the cylinder is overheating a lot of parts are likely to fail. Sparkplugs, valves and even the cylinder itself can deform or fail. More likely however is premature ignition of the fuel/air mixture. This will abruptly reduce power and can cause serious damage. Overheating starts to get serious at 260°C, but the exact value depends on how fast the CHT is increasing. The faster it warms up, the sooner the engine will fail.

Cylinder head temperature can be kept within limits by use of the cowl flaps that augment the normal cooling mechanisms. The onset of overheat is recognized by a quick drop in engine performance. If CHT can be forced down before the engine fails, then engine power will be restored. But there is little time.

Oil Temperature overheat

When the oil is too hot it will chemically break down and will get too thin to coat all the surfaces that need lubrication. This increased friction causes even more heat and as the oil itself is an important part of the cooling system problems can start slowly but will quickly grow in severity. Opening the cowl flaps and a richer mixture (more fuel, less air) will reduce the temperature but high RPM will always lead to higher temperature and in the end you will have to reduce your power settings to avoid oil temperatures over 100°C. Engine overheat is more likely to happen due to high CHT than because of high oil temperatures.

Carburetor icing

When ambient temperature is low and there is moisture in the air, ice can form on any surface. In the carburetor this is even more likely because the air is decompressed and cools down. To prevent the engines from being strangled the carburetors are electrically heated or as in the case of the Catalina warmed with heat from the exhaust stacks.

Although FSX does feature carburetor icing, it is a very simple model. In the Catalina there are more variables used and you will have to be more careful when you are running with low revs or in air with high moisture content (in clouds or in any reduced visibility condition). It is best to maintain the carburetor air temperature above 32°C in any possible icing condition to prevent a build-up of ice. This will keep the air in the venturi above 10°C (as the temperature can drop 20°C because of the decompression). When icing starts to build up engine power will drop and the engine could even

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

stop. When the carburetors are heated and the ice is removed they will be running normal again (or can be restarted).

If carburetor air temperature is getting too high, the engine will lose power, because hot air contains less oxygen. Keep the carburetor air temperature above 32°C and below 50°C.

Structural icing

For an aircraft that was used so much in arctic condition it has rather pitiful de-icing systems. Now normally this is not a real problem in FSX, but we included an advanced structural icing system. When you get into freezing rain, ice will build up on your wings, tail and fuselage. Freezing rain is present when it´s raining and ambient temperature is between +15° and 0°. This will increase drag and weight and will reduce the efficiency of the wings. The result is that you will lose speed and eventually will not be able to maintain altitude. Keep an eye on the temperature gauge and when you run the risk of icing try to stay outside clouds. Icing in the carburetor and the pitot tube normally starts before structural icing and are serious warning signs of impending problems ahead.

Early Catalinas had rubber inflatable boots on the wings to break build up ice. Later models fed hot exhaust gases into the front sections on the wing to avoid icing. This is controlled with a switch on the back panel. Pitot heat and propeller de-icing are controlled with switches on the control bar.

Fouled sparkplugs

If RPM is kept under 1000 RPM for a longer period the sparkplugs will foul. A coating of half burned fuel and other material forms on the metal parts and the spark will not be as strong as it should be and the engine will lose power and will run on lower RPM than expected. In an extreme case the sparkplugs will fail and will have to be cleaned or replaced by a mechanic. In our model this means the aircraft has to be reloaded. When the RPM is high this residue will burn off and the sparkplug is cleaned. A short burst of high revs before take-off is a good remedy to prevent problems.

Shock cooling

Though disputed, shock cooling is a danger to older engines. The situation where rapid cooling arises is on descent at idle or near idle power settings. In this condition the engine is producing much less heat. In a descent, the plane's airspeed increases, simultaneously increasing the cooling rate of the engine. As parts of the engine will cool at different rates the metal gets stressed and may fail. Cylinder heads and valves are most affected. The most likely scenario of running into this problem is a full power climb with high Cylinder Head Temperature into a very cold air layer, directly followed by an idle descent through the same layer. Material failures due to shock cooling accumulate over time and though you might run into these conditions many times before a failure happens, there is always a risk. Keep an eye on you Cylinder Head Temperature!

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Aerosoft Sound Control

This aircraft is equipped with Aerosoft Sound Control that enhances the sound options of this aircraft in FSX. Depending on the product up to 200 additional sounds can be added. ASC is based on a special gauge that is loaded from the PANEL.cfg and is controlled by an ASC.cfg file in the panel folder. The module is linked to the aircraft and we added it with an ID code. Should you see an error that the module does not recognize the aircraft, please contact us on [e-mail].

The module should not conflict with any other FSX product and the sounds are always expanding the aircraft and not the simulated pilot, ATC or external environment. Of course the module can be disabled by commenting the load line (adding // in front of gauge**=ASC!MAIN, 0,0, 10, 10, 1 in the panel.cfg)

If you get an error pointing to this module it is most likely caused by a problem related to Microsoft.VC90.CRT.It is known that some people got a problem in the C++ 2008 runtime files. You can find a correct set here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=9b2da534- 3e03-4391-8a4d-074b9f2bc1bf&displaylang=en

Flight model

The flight model has been done with great care and you will find our Catalina flies almost exactly to the numbers you’ll find in the manuals. It has been flown in FSX by two operators of the Catalina and both confirmed that (within the limits of FSX) we got it all correct. Please note that although the Catalina does not have flaps, water rudders and spoilers you will find those in the aircraft.cfg. These are used to simulate drag for gills and to perfect behavior on the water. You will note that the Catalina is stable under almost all conditions. That’s how it was built and if you operate very close to the surface you don’t want the aircraft to dive every time you sneeze.

Using the switches and knobs

As there are many switches that have more than one setting (something that is not common in modern aircraft) we decided to use the same method for all controls. You can either left click for one direction or right click for the other direction or use the mouse wheel. Using the mouse wheel for all controls is far more natural, just put the cursor on the control and wheel up or down. Imagine the mouse wheel to be the switch and it all will seem very natural. This will work for rotary controls and switches. A tool tip will almost always give you the detailed setting.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Interactive Checklist

The interactive Checklist is like having the help of a co-pilot while you run over the checklist. It is very simple to use. . Just click on the line you have checked and a checkmark will appear. When the copilot (aka the Interactive Checklist) agrees with you the checklist will be green. When you see a red checkmark it means you might have clicked on the line but the actual setting is still not correct. The image here shows I ticked the Radio Master that needs to be OFF but in fact it is still on. To make the checkmark green (and to correct the mistake, just set the Radio Master to OFF and the checkmark will turn green. Normally

you would not move to the next checklist before all icons are green.

The Startup page works a little bit different as it will show all the red and green checkmarks without clicking on the items in the list. If all your previous checklists were done correctly all should be green but if you see any red check marks you know the startup will most likely not be possible. Please note that the Performance page is rotated. This means that if you undock the checklist to another screen you will see a black area. This cannot be avoided but should cause no problems.

The blue bookmark leads to a configuration page that allows you to switch between a cold and dark aircraft (as if it had not flown before that day) or a fully configured aircraft with running engines, ready for take-off. You can also select if you want the standard reliable engines or the more advanced engine model that forces you to manage the engines far more detailed.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

On the bottom of the checklist you will find click zones to clear the current page (so all checkmarks are removed), close the checklist or move to the front/index page.

Avionics, 1940’s military cockpit

Of course an aircraft as old as the PBY Catalina has a limited set of instruments compared to the modern cockpits and a lot of the instruments that were standard in the 1940’s do not make a lot of sense today because they are either very complex to operate or very hard to simulate. So we decided to lose a bit of realism in this area and make all the aircraft useable in the current simulated world. The Sperry Autopilot and the modern equipment are highly accurate.

There are two base sets of avionics. One is based on how most of the Catalinas that fly at this moment are equipped and one is loosely based on a 1940’s model. They share most of the standard instruments but the autopilot, radio and navigation are different. The models that flew in and directly after World War II had a massive amount of communication and navigation equipment that filled the whole section where Catalinas now have 8 seats -- a fine example of the miniaturization of equipment.

Communication and navigation

We combined the most important and most logical functions into a single panel that allows you to navigate and communicate. We added a transponder that’s slightly more modern so you can use this aircraft in online flights on IVAO,

VATSIM or online communities like that. The radios have been modeled to look like the radios used during WW2 and a short period after, but with frequency bands resembling those used by FSX. On the VHF nav and com radios you use the small knob to control the 3 whole digits (XXX.xx) and the larger centre knob to control the fractions (xxx.XX). The switches control if you hear the transmission (like in a modern audio panel). On the ADF radios you use the centre knobs to select the section of the band and the rotating

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

levers to set the frequency. The scale will show you the strength of the signal and should peak when you are very close to the transmitter.

Small tip: Tune ADF 2 radio to 1300 kHz.

Sperry Autopilot

The first autopilot was invented in 1912 and demonstrated by Lawrence Sperry in 1914. The autopilot was refined during the following years. It used gyroscopes for heading and attitude reference. The gyroscopes were driven by vacuum, while the actuators for moving the control surfaces were driven hydraulically. The Sperry autopilot was a far cry from the modern autopilots used in modern aircraft. It was not a “set and leave” device, but required the pilot to check the correct outcome. The following autopilot functions were available:

•Heading hold (Rudder knob)

•Pitch hold (aka attitude hold, Elevator knob)

•Bank hold (Aileron knob)

A Rudder knob	I Aileron gain Knob
B Aileron Knob	J Elevator gain Knob
C Elevator Knob	K Gyro compass align knob
D Selected Heading	L Gyro Horizon Cage knob
E Gyro Compass	M Gyro Caged flag
F Selected bank indexer	N Suction gauge
G Selected pitch indexer	O Hydraulic pressure gauge
H Rudder gain Knob

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Engaging the autopilot

Engaging the autopilot required that vacuum was present for the gyros. The suction pressure could be checked on the suction gauge on the autopilot unit. The necessary hydraulic pressure was supplied from the Catalinas right engine (or aux. electrical hydraulic pump). Supply of hydraulic pressure was controlled by the “Master Autopilot” control lever, mounted in the roof, behind the throttle quadrant. Pressure could be read on a gauge on the autopilot control unit. This gauge also indicated if the autopilot was active or not. The Sperry autopilot is active when suction pressure is higher than 2 inHg and the hydraulic pressure gauge reads more than 105 Psi, controlled by the “Master Autopilot” lever. Engaging the Sperry autopilot by setting the “Master Autopilot” lever to On, doesn´t mean that it will control the aircraft, but only that the various modes can be engaged via the gain knobs.

Gain settings

Actual hydraulic pressure for moving the controls was supplied through proportional flow valves, mounted on the lower part of the Sperry autopilot unit. These valves where used for controlling how fast the actuators should react, and could be adjusted gradually. Turning these knobs to low values helped dampening autopilot control. The knobs where called “Rudder gain”, “Elevator gain” and “Aileron gain”. Be aware that the higher the gain setting, the more “nervous” the autopilot becomes! Open the valves slowly until the aircraft starts to get “nervous” – then close the valves again just a little. Heading hold was only becoming active if the actual heading was within 10° of the selected heading. The pilot had to turn the aircraft until it was within ±10° of the selected heading set with the “Rudder” knob, before engaging heading hold, which was done by opening the “Rudder gain” knob.

Heading

The selected heading was read on the upper “compass” scale, while the actual heading was read on the lower “Gyro compass” scale. Since the gyroscope would drift over time, the pilot needed to adjust the gyro compass with the gyro compass align knob. The autopilot had no altitude hold function, but could hold pitch. To use pitch hold the pilot had to set the engines to either climb, cruise or descend settings and level the aircraft.

Pitch

Engaging pitch hold was done by opening the “Elevator gain” knob. The pilot could now adjust the pitch with the “Elevator” knob, to make the aircraft fly with a certain vertical speed or keep it level. Be aware that as fuel was burned and the aircraft became lighter, the aircraft would start to climb. Also changing the engines’ settings would make the aircraft start to climb or descend.

The selected pitch could be read on the pitch reference indexer on the right side of the attitude indicator gauge. Once the aircraft was established on the desired pitch, the horizon bar should coincide with the pitch reference indexer, when flown un-banked.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Bank

Bank hold was engaged by opening the “Aileron gain” knob. Desired bank was set by turning the “Aileron” knob. The selected bank angle could be read on top of the Sperry attitude indicator gauge. If both Heading hold and Bank hold were active (both the “Rudder gain” and the “Aileron gain” knobs were open), the aircraft would roll to the desired bank angle and turn until it fell within ±10° of the selected heading, where after it would follow the selected heading.

If the autopilot was flying on a desired heading with heading hold active, this had to be deactivated before being able to use bank hold.

Avionics, modern cockpit

Well ‘modern’ should be taken with a grain of salt because it remains a very basic cockpit. On the modern version that we based on the equipment of several Catalinas that are still flying , the Sperry autopilot was removed and replaced with a radio and navigation console. The radio room is now converted into a passenger compartment on most airworthy Catalinas.

Bendix King KT 76c Transponder

The transponder is a radio transmitter / receiver operating on radar frequencies. If it receives a ground radar interrogation signal, it will return a coded response of pulses and ID itself on the ground based ATC radar screen. This will give

ATC information of ID, altitude and ground speed. To operate the transponder, there are a number of knobs and buttons described below:

OFF	Turns the transponder off
SBY	Turns the transponder on, but doesn’t reply to interrogations
TST
ON	Turns the transponder on and replies to interrogations in Mode A operation
ALT	Turns the transponder on and replies to interrogation in Mode C operation (Gives altitude
	reporting) An “Alt” announcement is displayed

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

•Buttons 0 -7: Used to enter the 4 digit transponder code. If a full 4 digit code has not been entered and 4 seconds have elapsed since the last button press, the transponder will revert to the previous set code.

•CLR button: Used to clear code entry if a wrong digit has been entered. Press the CLR button and re-enter the full 4 digit code once more. After having pressed the CLR button the previous code will be shown on the display.

•VFR button: Used to set the transponder to the VFR code 1200. The left 3 digit number is the current flight level marked with “FL”. Flight level is your altitude in hundreds of feet, in reference to a barometric setting of 29.92 “Hg or 1013 mbar. 075 equal 7500 feet pressure altitude. Pressure altitude is NOT true altitude.

The right 4 digits are the current transponder code or the code that is being entered with the 0-7 buttons. The flashing “R” indicates when the transponder is sending a reply to an interrogation.

Bendix King KR 87 ADF receiver.

To switch the KR 87 ADF receiver on, click on the power knob. The display will show the active ADF frequency to the left and the standby frequency to the right. The outer (large) knob will increase / decrease

the 1,000th and the 100th numbers. The inner (small) knob will increase / decrease the 10th and the 1 digit numbers.

Pressing the FREQ/--- button will swap the active frequency with the standby frequency.

Pressing the FLT/ET button will call up the Flight timer - indicated by “FLT” in the upper right corner.

The flight timer indicates time elapsed since the KR 87 was turned on, and can be used to display total flight time. Subsequent pressing of the FLT/ET, will toggle the display between Flight Time and Elapsed Time - indicated by “ET” in the lower right corner. When in ET mode, pressing the SET/RST button will reset the ET timer to zero, thus making it available as a count up timer. When in FLT or ET mode, the active ADF frequency can be set directly with the outer and inner knobs.

Keeping the SET/RST button pressed for 2 seconds will invoke the countdown timer. “ET” will start to flash and the countdown minutes can be set with the outer (large) knob, While the seconds can be set with the inner (small) knob - max setting is 59:59. After having set the timer, press the SET/RST button and the timer will start to count down from the preset time. During countdown, the active ADF frequency can be set with the outer and inner knobs. When the countdown timer reaches 00:00

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an audible alarm will sound, the timer display will flash for 15 seconds and the timer will start its normal ET count up sequence.

Pressing the FREQ/--- button, when in FLT or ET mode, will return the KR 87 to the Active / Standby frequency mode.

Bendix King KN62A DME display.

The KN62A DME display, will show distance, ground speed and time referring to the tuned NAV2 radio. To switch the unit on, click the On / Off switch. With the mode switch in RMT, distance, ground speed and

time to station passage are displayed. With the mode switch in FREQ, distance and tuned NAV2 frequency are displayed. The mode GS/T is the same as RMT in the Catalina, since FSX only has two NAV radios available. On the real unit RMT means tuning the requested VOR station with the NAV radio.G/T means tuning the requested VOR station with the built-in NAV receiver of the KN62A . That is the reason why the knobs on the FSX version are INOP.

Bendix King

KMA24 Audio panel

The KMA24 audio panel is used to select various audible indicators via the speaker. The KMA24 includes marker beacon lights, indicating

passing the Outer, Middle and Inner marker beacons during approach. They are labeled AOM. The marker beacon lights can be tested by pressing the test button .

The upper row of buttons is used to select audible signals received, to be sent to the speakers. COM1 and COM2 are used to select what Com radio you want to listen to via the speakers. Having pressed both will make it possible to listen to both radios simultaneously.

NAV1, NAV2, DME and ADF to will make it possible to hear the Morse code ID of the tuned VOR station. MRK will let you hear the marker beacon sound, when passing the marker beacon during

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

approach. The lower two COM1 and COM2 buttons are used for selecting what Com radio to transmit on. Note that only one COM radio can be selected at the same time for transmitting, while both can be selected for receiving.

The rest of the buttons and knobs are not simulated in the Catalina due to FSX limitations.

Coms Radio and GPS receiver

A Bendix King KX 165A Transceiver is a communication and navigation radio and a Bendix King KLN 90B GPS Navigation System are included as well. As these need more extensive manuals they are added as Appendixes to the manual.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Engine Settings

The following settings are ideal settings and are used on most Catalinas flying at this moment. They war models were of course driven harder, but this can lead to failures and other problems. There is a power settings page in the onboard checklist as well.

	RPM	Man	Cylinder	Oil Inlet	Oil	Mixture	Fuel	Fuel	Cowl Gills	AIS
		Press	Head	Temp	Press		Boost	Press
Warming up	1000		Amb-100	Amb-40	80	Auto	off	15	Open/close
						Rich
Warmed up/	1000		100	40	90	Auto	off	15	open
idle						Rich
During takeoff	2700	48	210	80	90	Auto	On	17	trail	95
						Rich
Climb	2300	35	210	80	85	Auto	Off	17	open	95-100
						rich
Slow cruise	2050	27	195	80	80	lean	Off	17	close	107
Cruise/	2050	30	205	80	80	lean	Off	17	close	113
cruise climb
Cruise	2050	20	180	80	80	lean	Off	17	close	Cruise
Descent
Descent	2050	17	180	80	75	Auto	Off	17	close	Cruise
						Rich
Approach/	2050	20	180	80	80	Auto	On	17	open	95
gear down						Rich
Final	2050	20	180	80	80	Auto	On	17	open	90
						Rich

o Cowl gills closed at sub zero conditions on start up.

oCarburetor air on at expected icing conditions (visibility <1500 meters and temp <10 degrees). When on the carburetor temp will almost always show a solid 30 degrees.

oApproach and final with gear down, 50 feet over runway, props to full and RPM stays at 1800 RPM to anticipate a GA.

o Cylinder head temp shown for 15° Celsius.

oMixture goes to lean when Cylinder Head temp drops below 200 depending on ambient conditions. Here shown as 15° C in relation to the cowl gills.

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Mission

Although there will be a complete mission pack for the Catalina available, there is one mission included in the base product. You will find it with the other missions, under the Aerosoft Flights Category.

We strongly recommend you activate Show captioning and Compass and Pointer in the Settings – General configuration.

This will give you more assistance during the mission.

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Appendix A: Simplified checklist

Although the complete checklists in the real flight manual or the interactive checklist that is part of the panel are the best way to go, we included a step-by-step guide here for your first flights. Start with a cold and dark aircraft (that you can select using the interactive checklist/ configuration tab).

Power Up

•................................................................................................	All Electrical Switches		Off
o Check all electrical switches are off
o Check all bilge pump switches are off
o Check battery master switch is off
•................................................................................................	Master Magneto and
Switches ......................................................................................	Off
o Check master magneto is pulled
o Check magneto switches are in off position
•................................................................................................	Gear Lever	Down
o Check gear lever is in down position and lock is in locked position
•................................................................................................	Battery Master Switch		On
•................................................................................................	Battery Voltage
Check
o Minimum voltage 21 volts
•................................................................................................	GPU (if avail)	Connect
o Connect and start GPU
o Check voltage on GPU (26-28 V)
•................................................................................................	Parking Brake	Set
o Check Hydraulic pressure (Min 800 psi)
o Sit down in right hand seat and set parking brakes
•................................................................................................	Cowl Gills	Open
o Set cowl gills to full open position with spring-loaded switches
•................................................................................................	Battery Master Switch		Off
/On
o In case no GPU is available switch off battery master switch
o In case GPU is available leave battery master on to recharge the battery
•................................................................................................	Avionics	Check
o Check if VHF 1/NAV1 and VHF2/NAV2 and transponder are switched off
o Check if GPS is properly installed and switched off
•................................................................................................	Hydraulic aux. Pump
Check
o Switch pump on and Check pump is momentarily on operation
•................................................................................................	Clock Check
o Check if clock is running and showing right time
o Do not wind clock all the way tight
•................................................................................................	Emergency Shut Off Valves
....................................................................................................o Check the two guards are closed	Open

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•	................................................................................................ Throttles	Cracked
•	o Open throttles appr. ¼ inch
	Prop Levers	Full Fine
•	o Check prop levers fully forward
	Mixtures	I.C.O.
•	o Check mixture levers are in idle - cut - off position
	Master Magneto		In
•	o Check master magneto switch is pushed in
	Magneto Switches		Off
•	o – Check both magneto switches are in the off position
	Fuel Quantities Gals/Hr
•	o Mention amount of Gallons and Endurance
	Altimeters	Set
	o Check both altimeters are set to current QNH value

Before Starting

•................................................................................................	Battery Master Switch		On
•................................................................................................	Windows Doors and
Hatches .......................................................................................	Closed
•................................................................................................	Cowl Gills	Open
•................................................................................................	Radio Master Switch
On/Off
o Switch Radio Master On
o Check if intercom is working
o Request start up, radio master switch Off
•................................................................................................	Anti Collision Light		On

Engine Starting

After start-up approval has been obtained by the PM and the Before Starting Checklist has been completed, the engines are started. Engine starting will be done according to the crew co-ordination procedure below. The PF devotes his full attention to starting the engines and monitors the engine parameters. The PM monitors the PF and pays attention to any possible hand signals from the ground engineer. It is good practice to motor the engine through at least twelve blades with the ignition switches off before starting the engine. This enables the oil pump to supply oil to the reduction gear area and at the same time it will disclose the presence of any oil in the cylinders (Hydraulicing)

Check that:

•Battery Switch is ON (27 volts minimal, reload aircraft when battery is low)

•All other electrical switches are OFF

•Cowl Gills are OPEN

•Parking Brakes are SET

Switch to Back Wall View

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

1.Beacon light ON

2.Right Fuel Selector to BOTH

3.Right Mixture Control to FULL RICH

Switch to Main Virtual Cockpit View

4.Throttle slightly open (cracked)

5.Right Fuel Booster to ON

6.Right Starter ON and wait 6 seconds (12 blades count)

7.Right Prime to ON for a 4 seconds and repeat and

8.Immediately Right Magneto to BOTH

9.When engine starts Right Mixture Control to AUTO RICH

10.Right Starter to OFF

11.Right Fuel Booster to OFF

12.Repeat for Left Engine

When engine does not start

•Starter to OFF

•Fuel Boost to OFF

•Ignition to OFF

•And repeat with at item 4 with more priming.

Before Taxi

•................................................................................................	Oil Pressure	Check
o Check oil pressure between 80-100 psi
•................................................................................................	Booster Pumps Off
•................................................................................................	Fuel Pressure	Check
o Check fuel pressure between 14-16 psi
•................................................................................................	Hydraulic/ Brake Pressure
....................................................................................................	Check
o Check pressure between 850-1050 +/- 50psi
•................................................................................................	Temperatures Check
o Check oil temp between 40°-100°C before using the engines
o Check cylinder head temp between 120°-200° C before using engines
•................................................................................................	Suction	Check
o Check pressure between 2.8 –4.5 psi
•................................................................................................	Generators/ Radio Master
switch..........................................................................................	On
•................................................................................................	Radio’s On
o Switch VHF/NAV1 and VHF/NAV2 On
o	Switch Transponder Stby
o Set Transmit/ Receive panel for departure
•................................................................................................	Nav/Comm Setup		Set

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	o Set VHF/NAV1 and VHF/NAV2 to proper frequencies
	o Switch GPS master on
•	o Set GPS for intended flight
	................................................................................................ Gyros Set
•................................................................................................	Ground Equipment
	Removed

Taxi Out

•................................................................................................	Brakes Check
o Check brakes and announce
•................................................................................................	Gyros and
Instruments.................................................................................	Check
o Check gyros in turn
o Check instruments
•................................................................................................	Carburetor Heat (First
Flight Only)..................................................................................	Check

o Open valves with spring-loaded switch and check light is on

o Close valves and check lights are out (wait 2 minutes before take-off)

Run-Up

This check may be done without checklist, PNF will do checklist after run-up

•	................................................................................................ Mixture	Auto Rich
•	o Check mixture in Auto - Rich position
	Temps &Pressures
	Check
•	o Check all temps and pressure gauges are indicating in the green
	RPM 1700	Set
•................................................................................................	Feather Buttons
	Checked

oPush feather button individually and verify RPM drop with Ampere increase in the ampere gauge. Do not let RPM drop below 1200 RPM

•................................................................................................

Propeller lever Cycle

oWith warm oil, one cycle is sufficient, otherwise cycle 3 times to create a warm oil flow in the propeller dome.

•................................................................................................	Magnetos	Check
o Check L/R magneto per engine
•................................................................................................	Power lever	Idle
o	Verify idling RPM
•................................................................................................	1000 RPM	Set

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Before Take Off (land + sea)

•................................................................................................ Wing Floats Check

oWith water landing intended run floats all the way down and up with generators online (more than 1200 RPM)

•................................................................................................	Gear A/R
o Clearly state configuration
•................................................................................................	Hydraulic Pressure
Check
o Check pressure between 850-1050 +/- 50psi
•................................................................................................	Transponder	On
•................................................................................................	Carburetor Heat
Cold
o Check carburetor valve lights are out
o Check if 2 min. have passed since last movement of the valves before T/O
•................................................................................................	Cowl Gills	Trail
o Close cowl gills and open them to trail position
o Check generators on-line above 1200 RPM
•................................................................................................	Magneto’s	Both
•................................................................................................	Landing and Strobe Lights
....................................................................................................	On
•................................................................................................	Pitot Heat	A/R
•................................................................................................	Mixtures	Auto Rich
•................................................................................................	Prop Levers	Full Fine
•................................................................................................	Trims and Tensions		Set
o Check if Trims and Tensions are properly set for take off
•................................................................................................	Controls	Check and
Free
o Check flight controls through complete motion
•................................................................................................	Temps and Pressures
Check
o Check all temps and pressures are in the green bands
o Check cylinder head temp(C.H.T.) is between 120° and 200° C
•................................................................................................	Windows Doors and
Hatches .......................................................................................	Closed
•................................................................................................	Runway Heading		Set

oCheck runway heading against compass and directional gyro and adjust if necessary

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After Take Off

•................................................................................................	Gear and Floats	Up
o In case of land take off check gear fully up and gear handle is locked
o Check if amber nose door closed light is on
o Check if red gear up and locked light is on
o In case of water take off check if floats are visually up
o Check that float motor stopped running
o Set float switch in neutral position
•................................................................................................	Power Set
o State required power and check
•................................................................................................	Temps and Pressures
Check
o	Check oil pressures
o	Check oil temperatures
o	Check carburetor temperatures
o Check cylinder head temperatures (C.H.T.)
•................................................................................................	Visual Engine Check	Dry
and Clean

•Each pilot checks his/her side engine on condition

•	................................................................................................ Mixture	A/R
•	o Set mixture lever to Auto Lean if C.H.T. is between 180° - 200° C
	................................................................................................ Cowl Gills	A/R
•	o Set gills to keep C.H.T. between 180° - 200° C
	................................................................................................ Carburetor heat
	A/R
•	o Use carburetor heat to keep carburetor inlet temperature above freezing
	Generators	Check
	o Switch off one gen. - check if load is taken over by other generator & switch back on
•	o Same for other generator
	Altimeters	Set
	o Mention QNH when cruise is at altitude and mention 1013
	when cruise is at level.
•................................................................................................	Landing Lights	A/R

Approach

•	................................................................................................ Mixtures	Auto Rich
•................................................................................................	Carburetor Heat		As
	Required
•................................................................................................	Cowl Gills	As
	Required
•................................................................................................	Landing Lights	On
•................................................................................................	Temps and Pressures
	Check
•................................................................................................	Hydraulic Pressure
	Check

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Landing (Land)

•	................................................................................................	Gear Down and Check
	o In case of land landing check if gear handle is locked
	o	Check if green down and lock light is on
	o	Check visually if main and nose gear is down and locked

•	................................................................................................	Brakes and Pressure
	Check
	o	PF pushes brakes and PNF checks if parking brake is released
•	o	Check brake pressure is sufficient
	................................................................................................	Prop Levers	TO GO

oPNF moves prop levers to full fine on command of PF when he is retarding the throttles to idle in the flare.

Landing (Sea)

•	................................................................................................	Gear Up and Check
	o Check if red gear up and locked light is on
	o	Check physically and visually if main gear is up and locked
	o	Check visually if nose gear is up through aft window

•	................................................................................................ Nose Wheel Doors
	Closed and Check
	o Check if amber nose door closed light is on
•	o Check visually at daylight in nose wheel compartment
	................................................................................................ Wing Floats	TO-
	GO/Down
	o In case of water landing check if floats are visually down
	o Check that float motor stopped running
	o Set float switch to neutral position
•	o In rough water it is allowed to lower the floats after touch down
	................................................................................................ Prop Levers	TO-GO

oPNF moves prop levers to full fine on command of PF when he is retarding the throttles to idle in the flare

Taxi In

•................................................................................................	Cowl Gills	Open
•................................................................................................	Landing and Strobe Lights
....................................................................................................	Off
•................................................................................................	Pitot Heat	Off
•................................................................................................	Carburetor heat		Off
•................................................................................................	Transponder	Stby

After Parking/Docking

•................................................................................................	Parking Brake		A/R
•................................................................................................	Rudder Lock		On
•................................................................................................	GPS	Off
•................................................................................................	Nav Lights		Off

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

•	................................................................................................ Internal lighting		Off
•................................................................................................	Mixtures	I.C.O.
•................................................................................................	Anti Collision Light		Off
•................................................................................................	Radio Master Switch		Off
•................................................................................................	Battery Master Switch		Off
•................................................................................................	Magneto Switches		Off
•................................................................................................	Master Magneto
	Out
•................................................................................................	Throttles	Fwd
	o Move throttles forward to prevent head bumping while trying to get out

Termination

•................................................................................................	Parking Brake	Release
•................................................................................................	Cowl Gills	Close

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

Appendix B: KX 165A TSO

Design & Copyrights of gauge, graphics and manual Don Kuhn

		www.FS2X.com
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................		34
OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................		35
POWER	.........................................................................................................	36
SETTING FREQUENCIES .................................................................................		36
STORING FREQUENCIES ................................................................................		36
RETRIEVING FREQUENCIES ...........................................................................		37
NAVIGATION PAGES .....................................................................................		37
•	NAVIGATION OBS PAGE ...................................................................	38
•	NAVIGATION BEARING PAGE ............................................................	38
TIMER PAGE .................................................................................................		38

INTRODUCTION

The KX 165A Transceiver is a communication and navigation radio. Two frequencies, active and standby, are available for both communications and navigation. Frequencies are typically entered into the standby frequency, and then exchanged with the active frequency to become active by using the COM or NAV FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTONs. There is also a "direct tune" mode which allows the user to change either the Com or Nav active frequencies directly. There is a PAGE mode and a CHANNEL mode for communications that allows the user to store up to 6 Com frequencies which can be exchanged directly with the active frequency at the click of a button. In addition, OBS, bearing-to, radial-from, count-up and count-down timer modes are available for navigation. All of the controls for the radio are located on the front of the radio. The displays and controls for the communication functions are presented on the left side of the unit, the displays and controls for the

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Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual

navigation functions are on the right side. Communication controls include the COM FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTON, the CHANNEL MODE BUTTON, and the COM FREQUENCY SELECT KNOBS. Navigation controls include the NAV FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTON, the NAV MODE BUTTON, and the NAV FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTONs. All of the communications functions, excluding the display of the active frequency, are displayed at the location of the COM STANDBY FREQUENCY. Similarly, all navigation functions are displayed at the location of the NAV STANDBY FREQUENCY.

OVERVIEW

1.ON/OFF BUTTON: Powers the unit on and off.

2.COM ACTIVE FREQUENCY: Digital display of the active communications frequency.

3.COM STANDBY FREQUENCY: Digital display of the standby communications frequency.

4.NAV ACTIVE FREQUENCY: Digital display of the active navigation frequency.

5.NAV STANDBY FREQUENCY: Digital display of the standby navigation frequency.

6.NAV FREQUENCY SELECT KNOBS: An outer and an inner knob. The outer knob increments/decrements the navigation frequency in 1 MHz steps, and the inner button increments/decrements in 50 kHz steps. The outer knob is increased by clicking on the letter E at the upper right side of the knob and decreased by clicking on the letter F at the left. The inner knob is increased by clicking on the letter G at the bottom right, and decreased by clicking on the letter H at the bottom left. The NAV FREQUENCY SELECT KNOBs are also used to enter count-down values in the count-down mode. The outer knob increments/decrements the time in 1 minute steps. The inner knob increments/decrements time in 1 second steps. Click spots are the same as above. The NAV FREQUENCY SELECT INNER KNOB has 2 positions, an out and an in position. Clicking directly on

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