Abb TPS44-F33 User Manual

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Operation Manual

TPS44-F33

ABB Turbo Systems Ltd CH 5401 Baden

Type TPS44-F33 HT843982 n

Mmax

Bmax

SOLD06 00120 12 50 50 Year 2018

HZTL2412 English

Original Operation Manual

1165 t 1106 t

Mmax

1/s °C

Bmax

made in Switzerland

770 770

Application according to

the Operation Manual

ABB Turbocharging



Operating condition and replacement intervals

The operational limits for the turbocharger nBmax, tBmax, nMmax, tMmax, inspection- and replacement intervals for the components concerned on the rating plate are valid for the operational mode and compressor inlet condition, which has been agreed upon between the engine builder and ABB.

Note: Replacement intervals of components depends on the load proﬁ le, turbine inlet temperature, suction air temperature and

Unless otherwise agreed, the application limits nMmax, tMmax are valid for the test operation for a limited time.

turbocharger speed. In case the operation conditions differs signiﬁ cantly from what is considered to be normal for the current application, it is recommended to contact ABB for a re-calculation of replacement intervals. Frequent load alterations, high temperatures and high speed lower the life of components.

Table of contents Page 1

1.1

Purpose of this manual

1.2

Layout and function

1.3

Intended use of the turbocharger

1.4

Storage of new turbochargers and spare parts

1.5

Essential information

1.6

Symbols and definitions

1.7

Turbocharger rating plate

1.8

Contact information

2.1

Introduction

2.2

CE conformity

2.3Definition of mandatory signs

2.4

Definition of Safety instructions

2.5

Warning plates on the turbocharger

2.6

Safe operation and maintenance

2.7

Hazards during operation and maintenance

2.8

Deflagration on gas engines

2.9

Periodic checking of the pressure vess

2.10

Lifting loads

3.1

Oil supply

3.2

Inspection work

3.3

Commissioning after taking out of operation

4.1

Noise emissions

4.2

Servicing work

4.3

Expected exchange intervals

4.4

Speed measurement

4.5

Stopping the engine

Table of contents

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1 Preliminary remarks

2 Safety

3 Start-up

4 Operation

Table of contents Page 2

5.1

Forewor

d to Maintenance

5.2

Cleaning the compressor during operation

5.3

Turbine cleaning during operation

5.4

Cleaning components mechanically

6.1

Malfunctions when starti

6.2

Surging of the turbocharger

6.3

Malfunctions during operation

6.4

Malfunctions when stopping

6.5Speed measurement system

7.1

Transport

7.2

Turbocharger weights

7.3

Remove the turbocharger

7.4

Installing the turbocharger

8.1

Introduction

8.2

Module weights

8.3

Disassembling and assembling turbocharger

8.4

Axial clearance A and radial clearance B

8.5

Radial clearances N and R

8.6

Table of tightening torques

9.1

Shutting down the turbocharger

10.1

Taking the engine out of operation for up to 12

months

10.2

Taking the engine out of operation for more than 12

months

12.1

Ordering spare parts

12.2

View of turbocharger showing part numbers

12.3

View of cartridge group showing part numbers

5 Maintenance

6 Troubleshooting

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7 Removal and installation

8 Disassembly and assembly

9 Taking out of operation

10 Mothballing the turbocharger

11 Disposing of turbocharger components

12 Spare parts

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1.1

Preliminary remarks 1

Purpose of this manual 1.1 Page 3

Preliminary remarks

1.1

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Purpose of this manual

This operation manual belongs to the turbocharger with the identical HT number (01), see the cover sheet of the operation manual and the turbocharger rating plate.

Operation Manual

This Operation Manual enables you to familiarize yourself with the turbocharger supplied by ABB Turbo Systems and to use it as intended.

It provides important information in order that the turbocharger can be operated safely, correctly and efficiently.

This Operation Manual complements and expands existing national regulations concerning work safety and accident prevention.

Target group

This Operation Manual is intended for engineers and qualified mechanics who are responsible for operating the engine and the turbocharger installed on it.

Availability of operation manual

An operation manual must be available at all times at the place where the turbocharger is used.

Everyone who operates or works on the turbocharger must have first read and understood the operation manual.

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1.2

Preliminary remarks 1

Layout and function 1.2 Page 4

1.2

Layout and function

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1 Suction branch / filter silencer 8 Gas outlet flange

2 Compressor casing 9 Nozzle ring

3 Diffuser 10 Turbine casing

4 Bearing casing 11 Turbine-end bearing flange

5 Axial thrust bearing 12 Compressor-end bearing flange

6 Radial plain bearing (visible only

at turbine end)

7 Turbine

13 Compressor wheel

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Preliminary remarks 1

Layout and function 1.2 Page 5

Mode of operation

The turbocharger is a turbomachine consisting of the following main components:

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€ Turbine

€ Compressor

These are mounted on a common shaft.

Exhaust gases from the diesel or gas engine flow through the turbine casing (10) and the nozzle ring (9) to impinge on the turbine (7).

The turbine (7) uses the energy contained in the exhaust gas to drive the compressor wheel (13). The compressor draws in fresh air, compresses it and then forces it into the engine's cylinders.

The exhaust gases escape into the ambient air through the exhaust gas pipe, which is connected to the gas outlet flange (8).

The air, which is necessary for operation of the diesel or gas engine and is compressed in the turbocharger, is drawn into the compressor wheel (13) through the suction branch or filter silencer (1). It then passes through the diffuser (3) and leaves the turbocharger through the outlet on the compressor casing (2).

The rotor runs in two radial plain bearings (6), which are located in the bearing flanges (11/12) between the compressor and the turbine. The axial thrust bearing (5) is located between the two radial plain bearings.

The bearings are connected to a central lubricating oil duct which is supplied by the engine's lubricating oil circuit. The oil outlet is always at the lowest point of the bearing casing (4).

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1.3

Perfect condition

Preliminary remarks 1

Intended use of the turbocharger 1.3 Page 6

1.3

NOTICE

State of the art

Intended use of the turbocharger

This turbocharger supplied by ABB Turbo Systems has been developed for use on diesel engines to generate the volume of air and the charging pressure required to operate the engine.

The engine builder has provided ABB Turbo Systems with information regarding the intended use of the engine, from which the operating limits specific to the turbocharger shown on the rating plate (such as operating speeds, temperatures, exchange intervals / replacement intervals) have been derived.

If it is used in conjunction with a gas engine, the engine must not be installed in a potentially explosive environment, and precautionary measures must be taken to ensure that the machine room as a whole is classified as not potentially explosive.

Any other use will be regarded as a special application which must first be discussed with ABB Turbo Systems. The manufacturer accepts no liability for other applications. If it is used otherwise, ABB Turbo Systems reserves the right to reject all warranty claims.

This turbocharger was built according to state-of-the-art technology and is operationally safe according to recognised safety regulations.

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WARNING

Improper operation and maintenance of the turbocharger can result in danger to life and limb of the user or third parties. In addition, improper use may cause damage to the machine.

τ The machine may be operated only by trained personnel.

Use of the turbocharger as intended also includes observance of the installation / fitting, disassembly / removal, operating, maintenance / servicing and repair conditions specified by the manufacturer. Disposal regulations set down by local authorities must be observed.

The turbocharger may be installed only when in technically perfect condition while observing the instructions given in the engine builder's manual. It may be used only for the intended purpose and operated in compliance with the operation manual.

τ Malfunctions which could affect safety must be eliminated immediately.

The manufacturer accepts no liability for any damage resulting from unauthorised alterations to the turbocharger.

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1.4

Preliminary remarks 1

Storage of new turbochargers and spare parts

1.4 Page 7

Storage of new turbochargers and spare

1.4

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parts

Storage of new turbochargers and spare parts up to 6 months

New turbochargers and spare parts from ABB Turbo Systems can be stored in sealed packaging without additional mothballing measures for up to 6 months from the date of delivery (marked by the VCI label on the package).

Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI)

Only dry rooms in which the relative humidity is between 40…70 % and no condensation can form are suitable for storage.

WARNING

Storage of new turbochargers and spare parts for more than 6 months (VCI)

Protection of health when handling VCIs

VCI products are not hazardous in the sense of the Hazardous Substances Ordinance. Nevertheless, the following points are to be observed when handling VCIs:

τ Ensure good room ventilation. τ Do not eat, drink or keep food at the workplace while working with

VCIs.

τ Wear safety gloves. τ Clean hands and face after working with VCIs. τ For further information refer to www.branopac.com.

Wear safety gloves to protect against chemical hazards.

The following mothballing measures are required every 6 months:

τ Open the package.

τ Remove the VCI corrosion protection emitter from the package and

replace it with a new, identical VCI corrosion protection emitter. New VCI corrosion protection emitters can be obtained at www.branopac.com.

τ Dispose of the old VCI corrosion protection emitter in an environmen-

tally compatible manner, professionally and in accordance with local regulations.

τ Seal the package. The better the external seal is designed, the more

permanent the protection.

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Preliminary remarks 1

Storage of new turbochargers and

1.4 Page 8

spare parts

Long-term storage of replacement turbochargers or spare parts

Per order, turbochargers or cartridge groups will be prepared by ABB Turbo Systems for prolonged storage. The package is equipped with a hygrometer (see illustration).

The following measures are required every 6 months:

τ Check the hygrometer (02) in the sight-glass. There is an opening (01)

in the wooden crate which allows this check to be carried out. When the display field has changed colour at the 70% level, the maximum permissible humidity has been exceeded. In this case the turbocharger or rotor must be inspected by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station and repacked.

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NOTICE

τ Inspect the package for damage. If the package is damaged, the tur-

bocharger or cartridge group must be inspected by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station and repacked.

After every 3 years the following work steps must be performed by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station:

€ Inspect the components

€ Exchange the desiccant agent

€ Repackage the components.

Replacement components ready for operation

If the 70% display field of the hygrometer (02) has not changed colour and the package is undamaged, the replacement turbocharger or replacement cartridge group can be placed into operation without any prior testing by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

Unpacking replacement turbochargers or spare parts

The corrosion protection effect ends after the material is unpacked from the VCI package.

To avoid the formation of condensation, the surroundings and the content of the package must have the same temperature during unpacking.

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1.5

Preliminary remarks 1

Essential information 1.5 Page 9

1.5

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NOTICE

Essential information

Organisational measures

In addition to this manual, the general, statutory regulations applicable in the respective country for the prevention of accidents and the protection of the environment must be observed.

This also applies to the provision and wearing of personnel protection equipment.

The safety and risk consciousness of the personnel working on and with the turbocharger must be checked regularly with reference to this manual.

τ The turbocharger must be shut down immediately by stopping the en-

gine in the event of alterations affecting safety or of corresponding operating behaviour. The fault must be reported to the person or department responsible.

NOTICE

Additions and alterations to, and conversions of the turbocharger that could compromise safety require the prior approval of ABB Turbo Systems.

WARNING

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Preliminary remarks 1

Essential information 1.5 Page 10

Original parts and safety

Original parts and accessories are specially designed for the turbocharger supplied by ABB Turbo Systems.

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Use original parts

Operation of the turbocharger with non-original parts can impair the safety of the turbocharger and can cause serious damage to property and injury to personnel.

τ Only use original parts from ABB Turbo Systems.

ABB Turbo Systems accepts no liability for any damage resulting from the use of non-original parts and corresponding accessories.

Competence of personnel

The turbocharger must only be operated and serviced by trained and authorised personnel. Basic mechanical training is a prerequisite.

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Preliminary remarks 1

Essential information 1.5 Page 11

Design variants

This document is valid for different design variants of turbochargers. There may be sections and descriptions of components that are not relevant for a specific turbocharger variant.

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ABB Turbocharging Service Stations will be happy to provide information on questions regarding a design variant (see Contact information at www.abb.com/turbocharging).

Accuracy of illustrations

The illustrations in this document are general in nature and intended for ease of understanding. Differences in detail are therefore possible.

Registered Trademarks

Registered trademarks of external companies are used in this document. The trademarks are marked with ®.

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1.6

Preliminary remarks 1

Symbols and definitions 1.6 Page 12

1.6

NOTICE

Symbols and definitions

The following symbols are used in the documents:

ϖ Prerequisite

τ Step of a procedure

€ List, first level

- List, second level

[➙ ] Refers to a page number

Definition of notes

Note

A note provides suggestions which facilitate the work on the product.

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Definition of mandatory signs

Mandatory signs show the protective equipment to be worn for a task. The mandatory signs are described in chapter Safety and must be complied with.

Definition of caution / warning

The caution and warning signs are described in the chapter Safety.

ABB Turbo Systems

In this document, ABB Turbo Systems Ltd is abbreviated to ABB Turbo Systems.

Official ABB Turbo Systems Service Stations

In this document, official service stations are referred to as ABB Turbocharging Service Stations. They are inspected and certified regularly by ABB Turbo Systems. See also chapter Contact information [➙ 15].

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1.7

Operating limits

spection

Further data

Preliminary remarks 1

Turbocharger rating plate 1.7 Page 13

1.7

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Recommended in and replacement intervals of turbocharger components

Turbocharger rating plate

01 Turbocharger operating limits at engine overload (110%).

Only when operating in the test rig unless otherwise agreed with the enginebuilder.

02 Turbocharger operating limits during operation

03 Inspection interval of plain bearings in 1000 h

04 Replacement interval of compressor in 1000 h

05 Replacement interval of turbine in 1000 h

06 Customer part number

07 Designation of the special design

08 Weight of turbocharger in kg

09 Turbocharger type

10 Serial number

11 Year of construction of turbocharger

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Preliminary remarks 1

Turbocharger rating plate 1.7 Page 14

1.7.1

1.7.2

Explanation of the rating plate

The recommended replacement intervals and the corresponding operational limits are jointly defined with the engine manufacturer. This information is specific to the system.

Operation above the indicated values n recommended replacement intervals. In such cases, we recommend that you contact the nearest official ABB Turbocharging service station.

Mmax

and t

normally apply only when running at overload (110%) during tri-

Mmax

als on the engine test bed. These limits can also be permitted during operation for special applications. Operation above n

Non-observance of the recommended replacement intervals can increase the risk of unpredictable component failures.

Bmax

, t

can considerably shorten the

Bmax

Mmax

and t

is not permitted.

Mmax

Positions of the rating plates

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One rating plate (01) each is attached on the left and the right side of the turbocharger bearing casing.

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1.8

Preliminary remarks 1

Contact information 1.8 Page 15

1.8

Contact information

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Contact information for the official service stations of ABB Turbo Systems is available online.

τ Scan the QR code to access our website.

ABB Turbo Systems Ltd Bruggerstrasse 71a CH-5401 Baden Switzerland

www.abb.com/turbocharging

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2.1

Safety 2

Introduction 2.1 Page 17

Safety

2.1

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Introduction

Turbochargers manufactured by ABB Turbo Systems are state of the art and comply with the pertinent safety and health-protection requirements that applied when the turbocharger was manufactured. Consequently, the turbocharger is safe to operate. Nevertheless, during turbocharger operation and when working on the turbocharger, residual risks can exist which:

€ originate from the turbocharger itself and its accessories

€ originate from the operating and auxiliary materials used

€ are the consequence of insufficient observance of the safety instruc-

tions

€ are the consequence of unsatisfactory and improper execution of

maintenance and inspection work

The operator is responsible for access to the turbocharger as well as the organisational measures which regulate the safe handling of the turbocharger by his personnel.

All instructions in this chapter must be observed to ensure safe and trouble-free turbocharger operation and during work on the turbocharger.

In the same vein, all other specially marked safety instructions in every chapter of this manual must be observed (see the section entitled Definition of safety instructions).

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2.2

Safety 2

CE conformity 2.2 Page 18

2.2

CE conformity

Information

ABB turbochargers fulfil Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery and are considered partly completed machinery in the sense of Article 2 g.

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2.3

Safety 2

Definition of mandatory signs 2.3 Page 19

2.3

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Definition of mandatory signs

To be worn at all times

Protective clothing Safety footwear to protect

To be worn according to the specific work

Safety glasses Safety goggles

Safety gloves to protect against

- Mechanical hazard

- Chemical hazard

- Thermal hazard

Safety helmet Ear protection

against mechanical hazard and risk of falling

Respiratory mask to protect against

- Dusts

- Gases

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2.4

Safety 2

Definition of Safety instructions 2.4 Page 20

2.4

WARNING

CAUTION

Definition of Safety instructions

The following symbols and terms used in this manual concern safety or refer to possible hazards:

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Definition of warning

Serious personal injuries and even accidents with fatal consequences may occur if work and operating instructions marked with this symbol and the word WARNING are either not followed or not followed precisely.

τ Warning signs must be observed at all times.

Definition of caution

Serious machine or property damage may occur if work and operating instructions marked with this symbol and the word CAUTION are either not followed or not followed precisely.

τ Caution signs must be observed at all times.

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2.5

Safety 2

Warning plates on the turbocharger 2.5 Page 21

2.5

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Warning plates on the turbocharger

Warning plates are attached to the turbocharger at the following places:

If warning plates are not present at the intended places or are not legible, then proceed as follows:

τ Order new warning plates from ABB Turbocharging Service Stations.

τ Remove unreadable warning plates.

τ Clean and degrease surfaces provided for warning plates.

τ Attach new warning plates.

Uninsulated turbochargers

When uninsulated turbochargers are delivered to the engine builder, the warning plates must be subsequently attached to the insulation. This is the responsibility of the engine builder.

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2.6

Safety 2

Safe operation and maintenance 2.6 Page 22

2.6

WARNING

Safe operation and maintenance

The instructions specified in this section are for the safety of personnel. Together with the instructions in the Hazards during operation and maintenance section, they allow the user to safely use the turbocharger.

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Work safety and work area safety

Risk of falling

There is the risk that someone can fall when working on the turbocharger.

τ Do not climb on the turbocharger or on parts attached to it or use

these as climbing aids.

τ When working at levels above the head, use climbing aids and work

platforms suitable for this purpose.

τ Observe all general regulations for the prevention of accidents.

τ Do not work on the turbocharger if you are under physical or mental

stress.

τ Work only with suitable tools as well as equipment and working mate-

rials that are in perfect condition.

τ Electric tools must be solidly earthed, and connecting cables may not

be damaged.

τ Keep the workplace clean, clear away loose objects and remove ob-

stacles on the floor.

τ Keep the floor, equipment and the turbocharger clean.

τ Have oil binding materials ready at hand and keep oil catch pans

ready or in position

τ Eliminate leaks.

τ Keep fire-protection materials and fire-extinguishing equipment ready.

Welding work in the vicinity of the turbocharger

τ When performing welding work in the vicinity of the turbocharger, al-

ways cover the filter silencer to prevent the filter mat from being damaged.

τ Keep flammable objects and substances out of the range of flying

sparks.

τ Cover all connections on the turbocharger so that no foreign objects

can enter the turbocharger.

τ Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) for welding operations.

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Safety 2

Safe operation and maintenance 2.6 Page 23

Safety during start-up / commissioning and operation

The turbine casing insulation of the TPS44-F supplied by ABB Turbo

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WARNING

Systems is also burst protection.

Serious personal injuries or fatal accidents can occur, if the turbine casing insulation of the TPS44-F supplied by ABB Turbo Systems is removed. The burst protection is integrated into the turbine casing insulation of the TPS44-F supplied by ABB Turbo Systems.

Separate burst protection is fitted to TPS44-F turbochargers without insulation that have been ordered from ABB Turbo Systems.

τ Never operate TPS44-F turbochargers that have been supplied by

ABB Turbo Systems with insulation if this insulation from ABB Turbo Systems is not in place.

τ Never operate turbochargers without burst protection. If the insula-

tion from ABB Turbo Systems is not in place, the separate burst protection (57200) must be fitted before operation. (See View of turbocharger showing part numbers [➙ 126].)

τ Before starting work, carry out visual inspection of working area.

τ Remove any obstacles and objects lying around.

τ Before start-up / commissioning, check all pipes from and to turbo-

charger for damage and leaks.

τ Don't work in any way that could impair safety when working on turbo-

charger.

τ After about every 12 hours of operation or at least once a day, inspect

turbocharger for visible damage and defects.

τ Immediately report any damage or changes in operational perfor-

mance to person responsible.

τ If damage is discovered, immediately shut down turbocharger and se-

cure it against inadvertent or unauthorized use.

τ When switching on auxiliary power sources (hydraulics, pneumatics,

electricity, water), keep an eye open for any hazards resulting from supplying these power sources.

Safety during cleaning

If cleaning agents or solvents are used for cleaning, the corresponding material safety data sheet and the safety instructions in section "Hazards due to operating and auxiliary materials" must be observed.

τ Observe the material safety data sheet for the cleaning agent or solvent.

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Safety 2

Safe operation and maintenance 2.6 Page 24

τ Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the material

safety data sheet.

τ Inspect the electric cables for abrasion and damage before and after

your cleaning work.

CAUTION

Safety during disassembly, assembly, maintenance and troubleshooting

τ Always perform the specified adjustments, servicing as well as inspec-

tion work and observe inspection intervals.

τ Inform operating personnel about all service and repair work before

beginning.

τ Before opening a cover or removing a protective device on a turbo-

charger, the engine must be switched off and the turbocharger must have come to a standstill.

τ Ensure that the supply of oil is interrupted, especially with an external

oil supply.

τ Put the engine into operation only after all parts have been refitted

properly.

Mechanical work on the turbocharger

Possible damage to or destruction of components on the turbocharger.

τ Perform only those tasks that are described in this manual. τ Perform work only for which training has been carried out.

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Safety when taking out of operation or preparing for mothballing

τ Secure the rotor so it cannot turn. The rotor can turn on its own from

the force of the stack draught.

τ Clean the turbocharger before mothballing it.

τ Observe the material safety data sheet for the cleaning and mothball-

ing agents.

τ Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the material

safety data sheet.

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2.7

Safety 2

Hazards during operation and

2.7 Page 25

maintenance

2.7

Hazards during operation and maintenance

Mechanical hazards during operation

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During normal operation, no mechanical hazards emanate from the turbocharger if it has been installed properly.

Risk of injury

Contact with rotating parts can lead to serious injuries. The turbo-

WARNING

charger must never be operated without a filter silencer or an air suction branch. When the engine is at a standstill, the rotor can turn on its own because of stack draught.

τ Operate the turbocharger in accordance with instructions. τ During maintenance work, secure the rotor against unintentional ro-

tation.

WARNING

Mechanical hazards when working on the turbocharger

During maintenance work, various risks can occur through the improper handling of components, through the non-observance of work instructions, due to inadequate care or as a consequence of insufficient training.

Mechanical hazards

Severe injuries to personnel or fatal accidents can be caused by mechanical influences as a consequence of hazardous and inadequate operational procedures.

τ Observe the general rules for occupational safety and prevention of

accidents.

τ Ensure workplace safety. τ Only perform operations that are described in this document. τ Only perform operations for which you have previously received in-

struction or training.

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Safety 2

WARNING

Hazards during operation and

2.7 Page 26

maintenance

Hazards due to noise

The development of noise during operation is influenced by the installation and operating conditions. Noise with a sound pressure level exceeding 85 dB(A) is harmful.

Hazards due to noise

Noise can cause impaired hearing, damage to health, mental disturbances, diminished attention and irritation.

τ Always wear ear protection when the engine is running. τ When the sound pressure level is above 85 dB(A), always wear ear

protection.

Wear ear protection.

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WARNING

Hazards due to hot surfaces and substances

During operation, turbocharger surfaces and attached parts as well as operating materials (lubricating oil) become hot. The surface temperature is dependent on the effectiveness of the insulation being used. The temperature can become high enough so that it falls into ranges where burns are possible.

Risk of burning

Touching hot surfaces or contact with hot operating materials can lead to serious burns.

τ Do not touch hot surfaces and heed the warning plate on the turbo-

charger.

τ Wear heat-resistant safety gloves and protective clothing. τ Allow the turbocharger to cool down before carrying out any work.

Wear safety gloves to protect against thermal hazards.

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Safety 2

Hazards during operation and

2.7 Page 27

maintenance

Hot surfaces on the non-insulated turbocharger

Non-insulated turbochargers can cause serious injuries to personnel

WARNING

(burns). The turbocharger is supplied by ABB Turbo Systems without insulation

depending on the order from the enginebuilder. If supply is without insu-

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

lation, the enginebuilder is responsible for providing the turbocharger with proper insulation and for providing protection against contact with hot surfaces.

τ Compliance with the instructions and specifications given by the en-

ginebuilder to protect against hot turbocharger surfaces is compulsory.

Wear safety gloves to protect against thermal hazards.

Hazards due to operating and auxiliary materials

Operating and auxiliary materials are substances used for operation or the execution of maintenance work. Oils, greases, coolants, cleaning agents and solvents, acids, etc. can be regarded as hazardous materials. Operating and auxiliary materials can be combustible and easily ignited.

WARNING

Handling operating and auxiliary materials

Ingestion or inhalation of vapours of operating and auxiliary materials or contact with such can cause damage to health.

τ Avoid inhalation and contact with the skin. τ Ensure good ventilation. τ Observe details in the safety data sheets of the operating and auxil-

iary materials.

τ Observe local laws.

Wear safety goggles.

Wear safety gloves to protect against chemical hazards.

Wear a respiratory mask to protect against gases.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Safety 2

WARNING

CAUTION

Hazards during operation and

2.7 Page 28

maintenance

Risk of fire, explosion

Flammable and combustible operating materials and supplies can catch fire or resulting vapours can lead to an explosion.

τ Observe the details in the material safety data sheets of the operat-

ing and auxiliary materials.

τ Comply with local legislation. τ Do not allow any exposed flame or ignition source during cleaning

work.

τ Carry out cleaning in the open or provide sufficient aeration and ven-

tilation.

Risk of environmental damage

The escape of operating and auxiliary materials into the atmosphere or contamination of the ground and water due to improper disposal can lead to environmental damage.

τ Handle operating and auxiliary materials carefully.

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τ Heed the instructions for use, safety data sheets and hazard notices

on the containers of the operating and auxiliary materials.

τ Wear appropriate protective clothing.

τ Avoid inhalation and contact with the skin.

τ Ensure that the work space is adequately ventilated.

τ Seal containers tightly immediately after use and put them away.

τ Collect used working and auxiliary materials safely, store them sepa-

rately in suitable containers and dispose of them properly and in an environmentally compatible manner in accordance with statutory regulations.

τ In the event of leaks or after spilling, immediately spread a suitable

binding agent and dispose of it properly and in an environmentally compatible manner in accordance with statutory regulations.

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Safety 2

Hazards during operation and

2.7 Page 29

maintenance

Hazards when handling insulating materials

Hazards due to insulating materials

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WARNING

Dust and fibres from insulating materials can cause damage to health or irritations. Unsuitable, combustible insulating materials signify a fire hazard.

τ Use only suitable, non-combustible insulating materials. τ Ensure that the work area is well ventilated. τ Avoid stirring up dust. τ Use tools and processes which keep dust to a minimum. τ Remove packing materials only in the work area. τ Take particular care when removing old insulating materials. τ Dispose of insulating materials properly and in an environmentally

compatible way in accordance with applicable local regulations.

Wear safety goggles.

Wear a respiratory mask to protect against dusts.

Wear safety gloves to protect against chemical hazards.

τ Use only suitable, non-combustible insulating materials.

τ Ensure that the work area is well ventilated.

τ Wear suitable work clothing (safety glasses, respiratory mask).

τ Avoid stirring up dust.

τ Use tools and processes which keep dust to a minimum.

τ Remove packing materials only in the work area.

τ Take particular care when removing old insulating materials.

τ Dispose of insulating materials properly and in an environmentally

compatible way in accordance with applicable local regulations.

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Safety 2

WARNING

Hazards during operation and

2.7 Page 30

maintenance

Hazards due to electrical components

Electrical components operate with voltages which can present hazards to humans.

τ All work on or with electrical components may only be performed by

trained specialists.

τ Heed any country-specific regulations.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

2.8

Safety 2

Deflagration on gas engines 2.8 Page 31

2.8

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Deflagration on gas engines

ABB turbochargers can tolerate a deflagration with a transient pressure increase of 12 bar.

After a deflagration event ABB Turbo Systems recommends verifying the following points on the turbocharger:

€ Position of the turbine and compressor casings to the bearing casing

€ Shifting of the bearing casing in relation to the bracket

€ Cracks in casings

If during external inspection anomalies are found or if a particularly strong deflagration event has taken place, it is also recommended to check the bearings of the turbochargers before the next start. This inspection and evaluation must be carried out by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

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2.9

Safety 2

2.9

WARNING

Periodic checking of the pressure vessel

2.9 Page 32

Periodic checking of the pressure vessel

The pressure vessels used by ABB Turbo Systems, such as those for wet or dry cleaning, are so-called "simple pressure vessels".

€ The local, statutory regulations covering periodic checks of pressure

vessels must be observed.

€ The operator is responsible for the safe operation of the pressure ves-

sel.

Hazards from pressure vessels

The operator must keep the pressure vessel in a proper condition and monitor it. Necessary repair or maintenance work must be carried out without delay and the required safety precautions must be taken.

τ Pressure equipment must not be operated if it has defects.

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2.10

Safety 2

Lifting loads 2.10 Page 33

2.10

Lifting loads

Suspended loads

Loads not suspended in compliance with regulations may lead to per-

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

WARNING

sonal injury or accidents with fatal consequences.

τ Loads must always be fastened to technically perfect lifting gear with

sufficient loading capacity.

τ Make sure the load is suspended properly on the crane hook. τ Do not let anyone stand beneath a suspended load.

Wear safety gloves to protect against mechanical hazards.

Wear safety helmet.

In the case of two or more suspension points, the slinging angle must not exceed 45°. This avoids excessive loading due to inclined tensile loading.

τ Fasten turbocharger assemblies / components as described in respec-

tive handling steps.

τ Before attaching slings, allow turbocharger components to cool down

(maximum 80°C).

τ Use suitable protection at sharp edges.

τ Completely screw in assembly / fitting devices without fail so that they

cannot work loose during use.

τ Use assembly / fitting devices only for applications described.

τ Make sure removed turbocharger components stand safely and se-

curely.

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3.1

Start-up 3

Oil supply 3.1 Page 35

Start-up

3.1

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

CAUTION

Oil supply

A carefully designed and installed oil supply, which functions in all possible operational conditions, is an important prerequisite for trouble-free turbocharger operation.

The turbocharger is normally lubricated with oil from the engine oil circuit. If a separate lubricating system is used, then emergency lubrication is also to be provided.

τ Heed the instructions of the engine builder when selecting the lubricat-

ing oil and oil-change intervals.

Oil filtration

Depending on the turbine specifications and bearings used, varying amounts of contaminants have to be filtered out of the lubricating oil to avoid dangerous wear of the bearing parts.

NOTICE

The standard oil filter specification for the turbocharger is 34 µm. This means that contaminants larger than 0.034 mm must be filtered out of the oil with a separation efficiency > 99%.

τ Fit an accessory filter if engine oil filter is not efficient enough.

τ If the engine is started cold and the flow resistance rises to above 0.5

bar due to deposits of dirt in the accessory filter, a bypass must open which ensures that oil flows to the turbocharger by circumventing the filter.

τ Check that oil filters are clean before commissioning.

Also follow the enginebuilder's instructions regarding filter mesh and separation efficiency.

NOTICE

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Start-up 3

Oil supply 3.1 Page 36

Lubricant

All lubricating oils used for engines are admissible.

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Oil inlet viscosity and temperature

The oil-inlet temperature must not exceed 105°C. Permissible oil-inlet viscosities and oil-inlet temperatures are shown in the following chart.

1) Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s = cSt)

2) Oil-inlet temperature (°C)

A Permissible range

Falling below the minimum oil inlet temperature

Serious machine or property damage can be caused by excessively

CAUTION

high oil viscosity and the resulting lack of oil in the bearings.

τ Do not allow the oil inlet temperature to fall below the minimum 30 ºC

when starting the engine.

τ The oil inlet temperature must never be less than 10 °C.

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Start-up 3

Oil supply 3.1 Page 37

Oil pressure

The oil pressure in front of the turbocharger must be maintained precisely to ensure trouble-free operation.

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Status for operation Oil pressure in front of

turbocharger

[bar]

Normal operation 2.0 … 4.5

Engine start: cold oil, permissible for maximum 15 minutes

Engine idling ≥ 0.2

Pre- and post-lubrication (engine stopped) ≤ 1.0

≤ 8.0

Prelubrication

Serious machine or property damage might result if the turbocharger is

CAUTION

not supplied with oil when the engine is starting.

τ Activate prelubrication device before starting engine.

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Start-up 3

Oil supply 3.1 Page 38

Lubricating oil temperature at the inlet

Machine damage

CAUTION

Machine damage may result if the oil temperature at the oil inlet exceeds the permissible range.

τ Keep the oil temperature at the oil inlet as specified in the following

table.

Status for operation Oil temperature at inlet

oil,inlet

Permissible 30 … 105 °C

Temporarily permissible (< 1 h) → alarm > 105 °C

Not permissible → stop engine > 110 °C

Not permissible → do not start engine (before starting: preheat oil)

< 30 °C

Lubricating oil temperature at the outlet

The oil temperature at the outlet depends mainly on:

€ lubricating oil temperature and pressure at the oil inlet

€ engine load and turbocharger speed

€ exhaust gas temperature

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The maximum permissible oil temperature at the outlet is listed in the following table. The specified oil outlet temperature must be regarded as an alarm value for turbocharger operation and be monitored in accordance with standard regulations.

Status for operation Oil temperature at outlet

Permissible ≤ 160 °C

Temporarily permissible → alarm > 160 °C

Not permissible → stop engine > 180 °C

Permissible ≤ T

Temporarily permissible → alarm > T

If the turbocharger has been operated outside the permissible range for a prolonged period of time, ABB Turbo Systems recommends having the turbocharger inspected by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

oil,outlet

oil,inlet

+ 55 K

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3.2

Monitoring devices

Filter mat

Start-up 3

Inspection work 3.2 Page 39

3.2

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Lubricating system

CAUTION

3.2.1

Inspection work

Inspection work includes preventive visual controls plus monitoring and measuring work before and during commissioning. Inspections help detect changes to the turbocharger. Machine damage can be avoided.

Inspection before commissioning

τ Check for correct functioning.

τ Inspect for damage.

τ Check oil filter for cleanliness before commissioning.

Contaminated oil

Particles of dirt and solid matter in the oil can cause serious damage to the machine or property.

τ During initial commissioning and after all service work, the complete

lubricating system must be flushed thoroughly with warm oil.

τ When running in the engine and after all service work on the lubricat-

ing system, special running-in filters must be used.

τ Check oil pressure in oil supply lines.

Prelubrication

Serious machine or property damage might result if the turbocharger is

CAUTION

Warning plates on turbocharger

not supplied with oil when the engine is starting.

τ Activate prelubrication device before starting engine.

τ Check whether the warning plates are present and legible.

τ Check whether the protective sheets have been removed.

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Start-up 3

Inspection work 3.2 Page 40

3.2.2

3.2.3

Check after start-up (engine at idling speed)

Lubricating system

τ Check oil pressure in oil supply lines.

τ Check oil inlet temperature.

The permissible values are listed in the section Oil supply.

Gas, air and oil lines

τ Check all gas, air and oil lines for leaks after starting the engine.

Check when running up engine

τ Measure speed, oil pressure and charging pressure at various engine

performance levels.

τ Measure exhaust gas temperature in front of and behind turbine.

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NOTICE

3.2.4

τ Measure air temperature in front of and behind compressor.

The measured values must be compared with the values in the acceptance test report, while taking different operating conditions into account.

Lubricants and pastes used during assembly of the turbocharger liquefy or vaporise and might escape as an oily liquid in the first few hours after commissioning. If oily liquid continues to escape after this period, an oil leak must be suspected. The first step is to check for leakage of the oil supply to the turbocharger. If this is leaky, contact an official ABB Turbocharging service station.

Inspection after 100 service hours

Clean or replace lubricating oil filters after the first 100 service hours.

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3.3

Start-up 3

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

3.3

If provided

Commissioning after taking out of

3.3 Page 41

operation

Commissioning after taking out of operation

τ Remove cover plates (blind flanges) between compressor casing out-

let and charge air duct, before gas inlet and after gas outlet.

τ Inspect exhaust gas duct / line in front of and after turbine for any

combustion deposits, foreign matter or residual water. Clean and remove.

τ Inspect air supply line or filter silencer for any foreign matter. Clean

and remove.

τ Start up turbocharger oil circulation system at engine end.

τ Prepare turbocharger for operation as instructed in section "Inspection

work before start-up / commissioning" of chapter headed "Start-up / commissioning".

τ Start up turbocharger.

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4.1

Operation 4

Noise emissions 4.1 Page 43

Operation

4.1

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

WARNING

Noise emissions

Hazards due to noise

Noise can cause impaired hearing, damage to health, mental disturbances, diminished attention and irritation.

τ Always wear ear protection when the engine is running. τ When the sound pressure level is above 85 dB(A), always wear ear

protection.

Wear ear protection.

The sound pressure level (A-weighted) of emissions is measured at a distance of 1 metre from the turbocharger.

The highest sound pressure level of emissions1) reaches a maximum of 105 dB(A) near the filter silencer and over the entire speed range.

The following prerequisites must be fulfilled on the turbocharger in order to observe this limit value:

€ Fitted air-inlet system

€ All standard, noise-reducing measures have been taken2).

€ The bellows at the air outlet have been perfectly insulated acoustically

by the engine builder. He is also responsible for insulating the charge air / scavenging air line and the charge air cooler.

1) Directive 2006/42/EC, 1.7.4.2 / u / Paragraphs 5 + 7 : A-weighted emission sound pressure level

2) In the event of divergent insulation designs, the engine builder must ensure that equivalent acoustic insulating measures are taken.

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Operation 4

Noise emissions 4.1 Page 44

Suggestion for noise insulation of the bellows

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

01 Compressor casing 04 Insulation pads

02 Bellows 05 Insulation mat (at least 15 mm)

03 Charge air duct / scavenging

air line

06 Sheet metal cover

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4.2

Operation 4

Servicing work 4.2 Page 45

4.2

Servicing work

Service work to be carried out during operation involves visual checks, monitoring, measuring, inspection work and functional checks. It is then possible for changes to the turbocharger to be identified and rectified. In

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

this way, it can be ensured that the turbocharger remains in full working order.

Service intervals

Service work on the turbocharger that is neglected or carried out too

CAUTION

late can lead to excessive contamination and wear as well as operating failures.

τ Carry out service work at specified time intervals.

Shortened service intervals

Despite observance of the service intervals, unusual loads, such as

CAUTION

several start-stops a day, harsh environmental factors, poor fuel quality or heavy installation vibration can lead to premature machine damage.

τ A shortened service interval must be arranged with ABB Turbo Sys-

tems.

NOTICE

CAUTION

4.2.1

Service inspection after 5 years

To prevent age- and stoppage-related machine damage, an inspection by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station is recommended at the latest 5 years after the last service.

Service work every 25 … 50 hours

τ Visual inspection for air, exhaust gas, water and oil leaks.

τ Record operating data and enter it in the engine logbook.

τ Clarify the cause of any variances.

Unknown changes during operation

The consequences can range from an impairment to a breakdown.

τ Have unknown causes clarified by an ABB Turbocharging service

station.

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Operation 4

Servicing work 4.2 Page 46

Oil filter

4.2.2

4.2.3

Servicing work according to the engine manufacturer's instructions

τ Clean or replace oil filter in supply line to turbocharger when engine is

not running.

Service work in accordance with instructions on rating plate

(In general, after 8000 - 12000 hours of operation)

Rotor and bearing parts must be inspected and assessed by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station. The following work can be carried in preparation.

τ Remove cartridge group as described in chapter Disassembly and as-

sembly.

τ Measure clearances.

τ Clean turbine and compressor casings and check them for cracks and

erosion / corrosion.

τ Clean bearing casing and blow air through oil ports / holes.

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τ Clean nozzle ring and check for cracks and erosion.

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If provided

Operation 4

Servicing work 4.2 Page 47

4.2.4

Entries in engine logbook

By monitoring the engine, conclusions can be drawn about the turbocharger performance.

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The following operating data and measured values must be entered regularly in the engine manufacturer's engine logbook:

€ Engine performance and speed

€ Air intake temperature

€ Exhaust gas temperature in front of and behind the turbine

€ Pressure of charge air

€ Pressure drop in charge air cooler

€ Lubricating oil pressure and lubricating oil temperature

€ Air temperature behind compressor and charge air cooler

€ Turbocharger speed

€ Pressure loss in air filter

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4.3

Operation 4

Expected exchange intervals 4.3 Page 48

4.3

Expected exchange intervals

Rotating components

The recommended replacement intervals for compressor wheels and turbine wheels are defined depending on the operating conditions and based on the safety concept (SiKo) for rotating parts. These intervals can be found on the turbocharger rating plate.

Non-rotating components

Depending on the system-specific operating conditions, a distinction is made between:

€ the replacement interval for the bearing parts and

€ the replacement interval for those non-rotating components that are

exposed to hot gases.

Decisive in this respect are various influencing parameters, which can drastically shorten the replacement intervals of these parts in extreme cases.

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During the specified periodic service work, the individual components are inspected for wear and, if necessary, replaced.

Expected replacement intervals [h]

GAS / MDO HFO

Turbine casing 25000 … 50000 25000 … 50000

Nozzle ring 50000 10000 … 25000

Gas outlet flange 50000 35000 … 50000

Partition wall 50000 35000 … 50000

Rotor components See the data on the rating plate

Bearing parts 12000 … 24000 12000 … 24000

Other casings 50000 50000

GAS = Natural gas MDO = Marine diesel oil HFO = Heavy fuel oil

The specified values are a guide only and not guaranteed (see following section Influencing parameters).

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Operation 4

Expected exchange intervals 4.3 Page 49

Influencing parameters

The specified values are only guide values and not guaranteed. The actual values can deviate considerably from the guide values due, for example, to the following influences:

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

€ Fuel quality and preparation

€ Load profile (thermal load cycles, also starts / stops, emergency shut-

downs)

€ Gas inlet temperature

€ Frequency and execution of turbine and compressor cleaning

€ Turbocharger specification

€ System-specific operating conditions (operating point, combustion

quality, composition of exhaust gas)

For bearing parts

€ Lubricating oil quality (oil filtration, condition of lubricating oil, oil moni-

toring)

€ Load profile (rpm / speed, pressure conditions, temperature)

€ State of rotor unbalance (degree of contamination)

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4.4

Operation 4

Speed measurement 4.4 Page 50

4.4

CAUTION

Speed measurement

A speed measuring system permits continuous monitoring of the turbocharger speed.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Do not use cables as a climbing aid

If you pull the speed measurement cables too hard, contacts can be pulled out.

τ Do not tension the speed measurement cables.

86505(A) Speed sensor (cable not integrated) 86526 F/I converter

86505(B) Speed sensor (cable integrated) 86528 Tachometer

86515(A) Cable connector to 86505(A) 01 Screw plug

86515(B) Cable connector to 86505(B) 02 Gasket

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Operation 4

Speed measurement 4.4 Page 51

4.4.1

Speed differences with multiple turbochargers per engine

The speeds of all turbochargers on one engine differ only slightly from each other in normal operation.

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The difference between the highest and the lowest turbocharger speed must not be more than 3 % relative to the speed limit n

Bmax

If this permissible range of difference is exceeded, the following steps must be carried out:

τ Reduce engine performance immediately until the highest turbo-

charger speed no longer exceeds 70% of n

τ If the engine cannot be stopped, continue to run at this reduced engine

Bmax

performance or turbocharger speed.

τ If the turbocharger surges continuously, engine performance must be

reduced further.

τ Measure the temperatures in the air and gas lines to and from the tur-

bochargers and compare them with standard values.

If the engine can be stopped for a short time:

τ Inspect the air and gas lines as well as the turbocharger and eliminate

any problems.

τ In any event, it is recommended that you contact the nearest ABB

Turbocharging Service Station.

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Operation 4

Speed measurement 4.4 Page 52

WARNING

4.4.2

Replacing the speed sensor

Hot cable connector and hot speed sensor

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Risk of burning. During operation, the cable connector and the speed sensor can reach temperatures exceeding 100 °C.

τ Wear safety gloves when removing the cable connector and speed

sensor.

Wear safety gloves to protect against thermal hazards.

τ Reduce engine performance to the idling speed, then stop the engine.

τ Switch off the lubricating oil supply to the turbocharger.

τ Disconnect the cable connector from the speed sensor.

τ Screw out defective speed sensor.

τ Screw in a new speed sensor up to the limit block.

τ Adhere to tightening torque.

Part number TPS44 TPS48 TPS52 TPS57 TPS61

86505 15 Nm 15 Nm 15 Nm 15 Nm 15 Nm

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Operation 4

Speed measurement 4.4 Page 53

Sealing the speed sensor

The speed sensor is designed with a sealing lip and does not require an

NOTICE

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

additional gasket when fitted.

τ Connect cable connector to speed sensor.

τ Switch on lubricating oil supply to turbocharger.

4.4.3

Failure of speed measuring system

Possible reasons for failure of the speed measuring system are described in the chapter Troubleshooting.

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4.5

Operation 4

Stopping the engine 4.5 Page 54

4.5

CAUTION

Stopping the engine

Stopping the engine of oil-cooled turbocharger version

Heat in the turbocharger must be dissipated by the further circulating lubricating oil.

τ Post-lubricate for 15 … 20 minutes. τ Maintain oil pressure of 0.5 … 1.0 bar for post-lubrication.

Stopping the engine of water-cooled turbocharger version

Heat in the turbocharger must be dissipated.

τ Allow turbocharger cooling water to run for 15 … 20 minutes after

stopping engine.

τ Allow oil lubrication to continue running until rotor comes to a stop.

Further post-lubrication is not required and not recommended.

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5.1

Maintenance 5

Foreword to Maintenance 5.1 Page 55

Maintenance

5.1

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

CAUTION

Foreword to Maintenance

General maintenance work involves regular visual checks and cleaning tasks which are intended to ensure the trouble-free functioning of the turbocharger.

The maintenance points described here are differentiated as follows:

€ Cleaning during operation:

– Compressor – Turbine and nozzle ring.

€ Mechanical cleaning of individual components:

– Filter silencer – Casings, diffuser, nozzle ring – Cartridge group: Compressor, turbine

Risk of damage during mechanical cleaning

If mechanical cleaning is carried out too often, this can lead to damage and corrosion on the components.

τ If cleaning during operation is not sufficient to achieve acceptable

values regarding thermal load and engine performance, mechanical cleaning of certain spots can be carried out.

τ Perform mechanical cleaning, especially of the cartridge group, only

once within the service interval.

Cleaning method

To allow you to observe the standard service intervals and to maintain a

NOTICE

high turbocharger efficiency, ABB Turbo Systems recommends that the cleaning procedure be carried out during operation. This allows the thermal load of the engine to be kept low while ensuring maximum fuel efficiency.

τ Dispose of dirty water and cleaning agents in an environmentally com-

patible manner, professionally and in accordance with valid local regulations.

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5.2

Maintenance 5

5.2

General

Cleaning the compressor during

5.2 Page 56

operation

Cleaning the compressor during operation

The contamination of the compressor stage (compressor wheel, wall insert and diffuser) depends on the degree of purity of the taken-in air.

Deposits can form in the flow channels if salt, oil mist, exhaust gas or dust are sucked in with the air.

Consequences of contamination:

€ Impaired compressor efficiency

€ Higher exhaust gas temperatures

€ Increased fuel consumption

€ Increased rotor unbalance

Periodic cleaning of the compressor during operation prevents or delays any major increase in contamination. But it never replaces the regular service work where the turbocharger is completely dismantled and the compressor is mechanically cleaned.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

NOTICE

Cleaning interval

If the coating of dirt is very thick and hard, the compressor can only be cleaned manually when disassembled. This cleaning must be carried out by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

The interval between periodic cleaning is very dependent on the operating conditions. In general, cleaning should be carried out every 25 ... 100 operating hours.

Should the specified cleaning intervals prove incompatible with engine operation, please contact ABB Turbo Systems.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Principle of wet cleaning

V-engines

Sequential charging

Maintenance 5

Cleaning the compressor during

5.2 Page 57

operation

Cleaning method

Cleaning the compressor while in operation is carried out as wet cleaning. This cleaning method has been tested and approved by ABB Turbo Systems.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

To clean the compressor stage during operation, water is injected in front of the compressor wheel through an injection pipe fitted in the filter silencer or the suction branch.

The water does not act as a solvent, but the dirt deposit is removed by the mechanical impact of the droplets. This is a very suitable process, provided that the degree of contamination is not too high.

Corrosion and deposits when cleaning

Damage and impairment of turbocharger parts due to salt water and

CAUTION

cooling water additives

τ Don't use salt water for cleaning, but only clean fresh water.

CAUTION

The injection pipe must on no account be connected directly via a cock to a water pipe or a dosing vessel larger than the one supplied. This prevents uncontrolled volumes of water entering the turbocharger and engine, which can lead to serious damage.

In the case of V-engines with several turbochargers on each engine, we recommend parallel cleaning of the compressors. This cleaning process is faster and the risk of turbocharger surging is reduced.

In the case of sequential charging, care must be taken to ensure that turbocharger compressors are cleaned regularly, especially after periods of operation in the lower performance range.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Approval

by enginebuilder

Maintenance 5

NOTICE

5.2.1

Cleaning the compressor during

5.2 Page 58

operation

Wet cleaning compressor using external water pressure vessel (XC1)

These instructions for wet cleaning only apply when cleaning is carried out with clean water and under the precondition that the enginebuilder approves the process.

Supplying water from the externally mounted water vessel is suitable only for those applications where a negative pressure exists in front of the compressor wheel (not used for: blowers connected in front of the compressor or high-pressure compressor stages with two-stage charging).

Operating state prerequisites for cleaning compressor with XC1

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

NOTICE

To be able to carry out a satisfactory cleaning process that has been tested and is recommended by ABB Turbo Systems, the following prerequisites must be fulfilled:

τ Run engine at load from 50 … 85 %. τ Start cleaning cycle according to following description Wet cleaning

operation with XC1.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

sure vessel

Maintenance 5

Cleaning the compressor during

5.2 Page 59

operation

Procedure for wet cleaning the compressor with XC1

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Operating the water pres-

NOTICE

X Sealing plug D Compressed air

Y Valve activator W Water

Z Vessel

τ Remove sealing plug (X).

τ Fill the vessel (Z) with clean water.

τ Screw in the sealing plug.

τ Push the valve activator (Y) against the spring and hold for 10 to

15 seconds until the entire volume of water has been injected.

τ Do not repeat the cleaning cycle until a stabilisation period of at least

10 minutes has elapsed.

Whether or not cleaning has been successful can be seen from the charging or flushing pressure and also from the exhaust gas temperatures. If the cleaning process is unsatisfactory, it can be repeated up to 2 times.

If the cleaning result is still not satisfactory after three attempts and the engine values are also unsatisfactory, we recommend that you have the turbocharger inspected and cleaned by an official ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

Cleaning parameters per turbocharger compressor

Product Engine load Contents

TPS 50 … 85 % 0.4 10

of cleaning medium vessel

[dm3]

Water

injection time

t1 [s]

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5.3

Maintenance 5

Turbine cleaning during operation 5.3 Page 60

5.3

Turbine cleaning during operation

The combustion of fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) in diesel engines produces contamination of the turbocharger's turbine components. In combination with a high exhaust gas temperature, poor quality fuel can lead to particularly hard deposits on the nozzle ring and especially on the gas outlet flange.

ABB Turbo Systems recommends using fuels with a low ash, sulphur, sodium and vanadium content.

Consequences of contamination:

€ Poor turbine efficiency

€ elevated exhaust gas temperatures

€ higher charging and ignition pressures as turbocharger speed rises

€ lower engine performance.

€ After stopping the engine, the rotor can become stuck in contamination

deposits.

Experience with turbocharger operation shows that the intervals between overhauls can be extended if cleaning while in operation is carried out periodically. Wet cleaning the turbine, as described below, should be used for 4-stroke applications when there are heavy deposits from, for example, HFO.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

NOTICE

Under no circumstances is periodic cleaning of the turbine during operation a substitute for the service work carried out when the turbocharger is completely dismantled and cleaned mechanically.

Turbines which are very heavily contaminated cannot be cleaned this way any longer. In this case, the contaminated components must be mechanically cleaned by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

Regular cleaning

Regular turbine cleaning during operation prevents or delays excessive build-up of contamination.

Cleaning intervals

The interval between periodic cleaning is very dependent on the operating conditions. In general, cleaning should be carried out every 50 to 200 operating hours.

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Maintenance 5

Turbine cleaning during operation 5.3 Page 61

Cleaning intervals

Should the specified cleaning intervals prove incompatible with engine

NOTICE

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

operation, please contact ABB Turbo Systems.

Cleaning method

Turbine components are cleaned during operation using the wet cleaning processes described in the following. These have been tested and are approved by ABB Turbo Systems.

The turbine casing design and the type of turbine casing sealing are decisive for the choice of cleaning method.

NOTICE

5.3.1

Approval by engine manufacturer

The prerequisite for wet cleaning is that the engine manufacturer approves the method and his instructions are followed.

Wet cleaning methods

Process with short water injection time (3 x 30 seconds cleaning)

The cleaning process with short water injection time is used for turbocharger designs without additional sealing by means of C-rings.

The process is based on the principle of thermal shock in combination with a subsequent flushing phase.

Process with long water injection time (10 minutes cleaning)

The cleaning process with a long water injection time is used for turbocharger designs with additional sealing by means of C-rings.

Based on a 10-minute injection phase, this cleaning process utilises the water solubility of the dirty deposits.

NOTICE

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Maintenance 5

Turbine cleaning during operation 5.3 Page 62

Choice of cleaning method

If you need information about the choice of cleaning method (short / long), you can contact the engine builder or an official ABB Turbocharger service station.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

CAUTION

5.3.2

Prerequisites

Risk of corrosion and deposits

Impairment and damage of turbocharger by salt water and cooling water additives in flow ducts

τ Don't use salt water for cleaning, but only clean fresh water. τ Avoid corrosion on casing inner surfaces. τ Let engine run for 10 minutes after wet cleaning.

Maximum temperature in front of turbine during cleaning

When cleaning, the temperature in front of the turbine will rise and can heavily stress the material of turbine components. The temperature at the turbine inlet can be up to 100 °C higher than the exhaust gas temperature after the cylinder. This should be taken into consideration when setting the operating point before cleaning.

τ Don't exceed maximum temperature in front of turbine when clean-

ing.

Impermissible thermal stressing and flooding of the turbine

Smaller volumes of water can result in poor cleaning. Larger volumes of

CAUTION

water lead to impermissible thermal stressing of the turbine components and can cause flooding of the turbine.

τ Be absolutely sure to observe turbine cleaning parameters.

V-engines

In the case of V-engines with several turbochargers on each engine, we

NOTICE

recommend parallel cleaning of both turbochargers. This cleaning process is faster and the risk of turbocharger surging is reduced.

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Maintenance 5

Turbine cleaning during operation 5.3 Page 63

Recommended operating state for turbine wet cleaning

The following operating state has been tested and is approved by ABB Turbo Systems:

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Characteristic / component Conditions

short

water injection time

Engine load (guide value) 20 … 40 %

Turbine inlet temperature TTE before water injection

Water supply ensured

Water pressure (overpressure over atmosphere) p

350 - 400 °C 350 - 430 °C

2.0 bar 1.5 bar

water injection time

long

If necessary, engine performance must be reduced to maintain these conditions.

The cleaning cycle can now be started based on the following description.

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Maintenance 5

Turbine cleaning during operation 5.3 Page 64

5.3.3

Procedure for method with short water injection time

ϖ Prerequisites have been fulfilled.

τ Wait 10 minutes during a stabilising phase after reducing the engine

load.

τ Open the shut-off valve.

τ Set the required water flow rate as specified in the table of cleaning

parameters using the flowmeter and inject for 30 seconds.

τ Observe a pause of 3 or 5 minutes as specified in the table.

τ Repeat the 30-second water injection two times.

τ Close the shut-off valve.

τ Wait 10 minutes during a stabilising phase before increasing engine

load again.

This completes the turbine cleaning process.

Cleaning parameters during the process

Temperature in

front of the turbine

TPS

44 ≤ 450 4.5 0.5

48 6

52 8

57 11

61 17 5

during cleaning

[°C]

Water

volume flow

[dm3/min]

Injection time

[min]

(3 x)

Pause between

injections

[min]

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

corresponds to a water pressure pWT of 2.0 bar (overpressure over at-

mosphere)

Maximum temperature in front of turbine during cleaning

When cleaning, the temperature in front of the turbine will rise and can

CAUTION

heavily stress the material of turbine components. The temperature at the turbine inlet can be up to 100 °C higher than the exhaust gas temperature after the cylinder. This should be taken into consideration when setting the operating point before cleaning.

τ Don't exceed maximum temperature in front of turbine when cleaning.

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Maintenance 5

Turbine cleaning during operation 5.3 Page 65

5.3.4

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Procedure for method with long water injection time

ϖ Prerequisites have been fulfilled.

τ Wait 10 minutes as a stabilising phase after reducing the engine load.

τ Open the shut-off valve.

τ Set the required water flow rate as specified in the table of cleaning

parameters using a flowmeter and inject for 10 minutes.

τ Close the shut-off valve.

τ Wait 10 minutes as a stabilising phase before increasing the engine

load again.

This completes the turbine cleaning process.

Cleaning parameters during the process

Temperature in

front of the turbine

TPS

44 ≤ 530 2.5 10 10

48 4

52 5.5

57 8.5

61 12

during cleaning

[°C]

Water

volume flow

[dm3/min]

Injection time

[min]

Stabilising phase

before / after water

injection

[min]

corresponds to a water pressure pWT of 1.5 bar (overpressure over at-

mosphere)

Maximum temperature in front of turbine during cleaning

When cleaning, the temperature in front of the turbine will rise and can

CAUTION

τ Don't exceed maximum temperature in front of turbine when cleaning.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

5.4

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 66

5.4

CAUTION

5.4.1

Cleaning components mechanically

Introduction

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Choosing cleaning tools

Turbocharger components are sensitive to mechanical damage. The use of needle guns or other impact tools, for example, damages the components. Depending on the specification, nozzle rings and turbine casings have protective coatings, which can also be damaged.

τ Only use soft tools such as cloths, brushes or wire brushes. τ In the event of heavy contamination, the cleaning methods that have

been described such as soaking can be repeated until a satisfactory result has been achieved.

τ Dispose of dirty water and cleaning agents in an environmentally com-

patible manner, professionally and in accordance with valid local regulations.

NOTICE

Disassembly and assembly

The disassembly and assembly of the components is described in chapter Disassembly and assembly.

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Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 67

5.4.2

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Cleaning the filter silencer

81135 Filter silencer body 81266 Cover grid

81136 Absorption segment 81270 Tension band

81137 Sheet-metal covering 81271 Lock

81265 Filter ring

NOTICE

Disassembly and assembly

The procedure for disassembly and assembly of the filter silencer is described in the chapter entitled Disassembly and Assembly.

Cleaning the filter ring (if provided)

τ Remove filter ring (81265).

τ Clean filter ring (81265) as required or every 500 operating hours, and

replace after the fifth cleaning operation at the latest. The degree of contamination of the filter ring depends on the cleanliness of the air that is drawn in.

τ Wash filter ring (81265) using water containing light-duty detergent or,

if very heavily contaminated, soak it while squeezing carefully. Rinse in cold water. Avoid rough handling (do not use a water jet).

τ Allow the filter ring to dry out completely before assembly.

τ Dispose of dirty water and gentle detergents in accordance with valid

local regulations.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 68

Cleaning the absorption segments

τ Loosen the tension bands (81270).

τ Remove the cover grid (81266).

τ Pull out the sheet-metal coverings (81137), bend them up and remove

the absorption segments (81136).

τ Clean the absorption segments (81136).

During cleaning, ensure that the absorption segments (81136) are only cleaned with a mild jet of compressed air, soft brush or a damp cloth.

τ Have absorption segments which are heavily contaminated replaced

by an official ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

Fitting the filter silencer

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

τ Insert the absorption segments (81136) into the sheet-metal coverings

(81137).

τ Bend the sheet-metal coverings (81137) back into their original shape

and insert them into the slot guides in the silencer body (81135).

τ Fit the cover grid (81266).

τ Fit the tension bands (81270) and apply tension at the locks (81271).

τ Damaged tension bands must be replaced with new ones.

τ If provided, fit the filter ring (81265).

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Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 69

5.4.3

Compressor-end, non-rotating parts

Handling operating materials and supplies

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Swallowing or inhaling vapours of operating materials and supplies or

WARNING

contact with them may be harmful to health.

τ Do not breathe in these substances and avoid contact with the skin. τ Ensure proper ventilation. τ Observe the information in the material safety data sheet for the op-

erating materials and supplies.

τ Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the material

safety data sheet.

τ Comply with local legislation.

Wear safety goggles.

Wear safety gloves to protect against chemical hazards.

Wear a respiratory mask to protect against gases.

The following performance-relevant parts can be cleaned according to the following description.

72000 Compressor casing

77000 Wall insert

79000 Diffuser

τ Clean the components specified above with steam or allow to soak in

diesel oil or water with household detergent. After soaking, remove the dirt with a brush.

τ Dry components completely.

τ Spray cleaned surfaces with penetrating oil. Do not spray the outer

surfaces of the turbocharger.

τ Dispose of dirty water and cleaning agent in accordance with the spec-

ifications in the safety data sheet.

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Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 70

WARNING

5.4.4

Turbine-end, non-rotating parts

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Handling operating materials and supplies

Swallowing or inhaling vapours of operating materials and supplies or contact with them may be harmful to health.

τ Do not breathe in these substances and avoid contact with the skin. τ Ensure proper ventilation. τ Observe the information in the material safety data sheet for the op-

erating materials and supplies.

τ Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the material

safety data sheet.

τ Comply with local legislation.

Wear safety goggles.

Wear safety gloves to protect against chemical hazards.

Wear a respiratory mask to protect against gases.

Baked layers of contamination, for example, from heavy fuel oil or coked oil occur at the turbine end. The following parts, which are relevant in terms of performance, can be cleaned in accordance with the description below.

51000 Turbine casing 56001 Nozzle ring

52400 Gas outlet flange

τ Place contaminated parts in hot water or in a liquid such as carbon

remover to soften the contamination.

τ Brush away the contamination or remove with a steam cleaner.

τ Repeat the soaking and brushing if necessary.

τ Use clean water to completely clean parts of any solvents.

τ Dry components completely.

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Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 71

τ Spray cleaned surfaces with penetrating oil. Do not spray the outer

surfaces of the turbocharger.

τ Dispose of contaminated water and cleaning agents in accordance

with the information in the material safety data sheet.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

CAUTION

5.4.5

Cartridge group

Introduction

Corrosion

If the cartridge group is not put into operation again immediately after cleaning, parts may corrode.

τ Re-install and use the cartridge group immediately after cleaning.

Compressor wheels or turbines may be heavily contaminated due to heavy fuel oil operation or coked oil. Such contamination may possibly no longer be removed through cleaning during operation and must be cleaned mechanically during the standard service intervals (see chapter entitled Service work).

τ Remove turbocharger from the engine (see chapter Removal and in-

stallation [➙ 85]).

τ Remove cartridge group (see chapter Disassembly and assembly

[➙ 91]).

First clean the compressor end and then the turbine end in accordance with the following description.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 72

Cleaning the compressor end

Selection of the cleaning agent

CAUTION

Cleaning agents which contain chlorine attack metals.

τ Use only pH-neutral cleaning agents which do not attack metals. τ Observe safety data sheet.

Water and contamination in the cartridge group

If water or contamination penetrates the cartridge group, this can impair the function of the turbocharger and damage parts inside the cartridge group.

τ Make sure that no water or contamination can enter into the cartridge

group.

τ Clean compressor wheel with a cloth or soft brush soaked in water

with household detergent. Do not use any wire brushes!

τ Dry the compressor wheel and the gap between the compressor and

the bearing casing with a weak jet of compressed air.

τ Lightly spray the compressor wheel and the gap between the com-

pressor and the bearing casing with penetrating oil.

τ Dispose of dirty water and cleaning agent in accordance with the safe-

ty data sheet.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Soaking the dirt

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 73

Cleaning the turbine end

Baked-on layers of dirt from heavy fuel oil or coked oil, occur at the turbine end. The contamination can be removed by soaking and brushing.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

The soaking of the layers of dirt as well as the cleaning of the turbine are described below.

CAUTION

Product A [mm] B [mm] C [mm]

TPS44 91 15 173

TPS48 108 17 205

TPS52 128 20 245

TPS57 157 25 300

TPS61 187 30 357

To soak the layers of dirt on the turbine, the cartridge group can be submerged vertically in a tank (02) with liquid.

τ Place the tank (02) in a larger container (03), so that the excess liquid

can be collected.

Selection of the cleaning agent

Cleaning agents which contain chlorine attack metals.

τ Use only pH-neutral cleaning agents which do not attack metals. τ Observe safety data sheet.

τ Fill the tank (02) with soaking liquid.

NOTICE

WARNING

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 74

Heat the liquid

To shorten the soaking time the liquid can be heated to maximum 60 ºC.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Heating up of cleaning agents and operating fluids

When cleaning agents or operating fluids are heated up, explosive vapours can be produced which are hazardous to health.

τ Observe the information in the material safety data sheet.

Wear a respiratory mask according to material safety data sheet.

CAUTION

Water and dirt in the cartridge group

If water or dirt gets into the cartridge group, the turbocharger function may be impaired and parts in the cartridge group may be damaged.

τ Place the cartridge group on suitable wooden or metal supports (01). τ Maintain dimension (B) for the supports (01), so that the cartridge

group does not submerge too deep.

τ Allow the layers of dirt on the turbine to soak for four hours.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Removing the dirt

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 75

Health hazard due to soot particles

If soot particles enter the eyes or respiratory tract, this can be harmful

WARNING

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

to health.

τ Avoid the formation of dust. τ Vacuum up dust with a suitable vacuum cleaner. τ Wear a respiratory mask to protect against particles (P1 or P2 mask). τ Wear safety goggles.

Wear safety goggles.

Wear a respiratory mask to protect against dusts.

Wear safety gloves to protect against mechanical hazards.

τ Raise the cartridge group and align horizontally.

τ Remove dirt manually with a soft brush or wire brush.

CAUTION

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Maintenance 5

Cleaning components mechanically 5.4 Page 76

Water and dirt in the cartridge group

If water or dirt gets into the cartridge group, the turbocharger function may be impaired and parts in the cartridge group may be damaged.

τ Make sure that water or dirt does not get into the gap between the

partition wall and turbine.

Non-permissible rotor unbalance after cleaning

Unevenly distributed residual contamination deposits lead to rotor unbalance. This can result in bearing or turbocharger damage.

τ Remove all traces of contamination from the turbine.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

τ After brushing off the contamination, fill the tank (02) with clean water,

not salt water.

τ Submerge the turbine of the cartridge group in clean water, so that

loose particles of dirt detach completely.

τ Raise the cartridge group and align horizontally.

τ Clamp the partition wall with the bearing casing.

τ Dry the turbine and the gap between the turbine and partition wall with

a weak jet of compressed air.

τ Lightly spray the turbine and the gap between the turbine and partition

wall with penetrating oil.

τ Dispose of dirty water and cleaning agent in accordance with the spec-

ifications in the safety data sheet.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

6.1

Troubleshooting 6

Malfunctions when starting 6.1 Page 77

Troubleshooting

6.1

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Malfunctions when starting

Sluggish start-up

Possible causes Elimination

Turbocharger Turbocharger contaminated Clean it

Damaged bearing Contact an ABB Turbocharg-

Rubbing rotor

Foreign object in turbocharger

Vibrations

Possible causes Elimination

Turbocharger Rotor unbalance Contact an ABB Turbocharg-

Damaged turbine or compressor

Damaged bearing

Rubbing of rotating parts

ing Service Station

Normal behaviour, no malfunction

Turbocharger Minor uniform wear around the periphery of rotor components,

caused by slight local rubbing of adjacent components, is permissible. The compressor blades and turbine blades are then shortened somewhat. Certain tolerances must be observed to avoid a significant loss of efficiency.

€ If there is any doubt about the extent of rubbing, then an ABB

Turbocharging Service Station must be contacted.

€ Have a dimension check carried out by an ABB Turbocharg-

ing Service Station.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

6.2

Troubleshooting 6

Surging of the turbocharger 6.2 Page 78

6.2

CAUTION

Surging of the turbocharger

Turbocharger surging

Possible causes Elimination

Engine Guard in front of the turbo-

charger is contaminated or damaged

Turbocharger Filter silencer or diffuser con-

taminated

Heavy deposits of dirt in the turbine or nozzle ring

Charge air cooler

Cooler contaminated Clean it

Charge air duct blocked

Prolonged or periodic surging

Possible damage to components, such as the compressor wheel, turbine blades, bearings and filter silencer

τ Have the cause clarified immediately by an ABB Turbocharging ser-

vice station and rectified.

τ Have components inspected for damage and, if necessary, replaced

by an ABB Turbocharging service station.

Clean / replace it

Clean it

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Sporadic surge blows

Surging of the turbocharger can occur during certain operating conditions such as when reducing the engine performance quickly when manoeuvring. At the same time, the flow direction in the compressor is momentarily reversed. Such sporadic surge blows do not impair the safe operation of the turbocharger.

€ A surge blow is accompanied by a loud bang and escape of hot air

from the filter silencer.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

6.3

Troubleshooting 6

Malfunctions during operation 6.3 Page 79

6.3

Malfunctions during operation

Lubricating oil pressure too low

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Possible causes Elimination

Engine Oil filter heavily contaminated Clean it

Defective oil pump in lubricating system

Manometer display wrong Replace the manometer

Turbocharger Rotor axial clearance too large Contact an ABB Turbocharging

Check / replace it

Service Station

Reduction in speed

Possible causes Elimination

Engine Defects of connected cylin-

ders when pulse charging

Turbocharger Heavy contamination of the

turbine

Damaged rotor components or bearing

Pipes Defects such as leaks in the

exhaust gas pipes or charge air ducts

Contact the enginebuilder

Clean it

Contact an ABB Turbocharging Service Station

Make repairs

Increase in speed

Possible causes Elimination

Turbocharger Heavily contaminated nozzle

ring (with 4-stroke application)

Contact an ABB Turbocharging Service Station

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Troubleshooting 6

Malfunctions during operation 6.3 Page 80

Exhaust gas temperature too high

Engine performance and engine speed unchanged

Possible causes Elimination

Engine Malfunctioning injection system Repair it or contact the manu-

facturer

Turbocharger Air starvation, for example filter

silencer clogged with dirt

Compressor / turbine contaminated

Exhaust counterpressure too high

Damaged or eroded turbine Contact an ABB Turbocharg-

Charge air cooler

Cooler contaminated Clean it

Cooling water volume too low Top up the water

Entry temperature of cooling water too high

Inadequate ventilation Improve the ventilation

Clean it

Clean or repair the boiler or exhaust silencer

ing Service Station

Inspect / clean the cooling system

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Troubleshooting 6

Malfunctions during operation 6.3 Page 81

Charge air pressure too low

Engine performance and engine speed unchanged, air intake condition normal

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Possible causes Elimination

Engine Air receiver leaking Make repairs

Gas piping between the engine and the turbine leaking

Poorly adjusted injection system Correct it

Poorly adjusted valve control

Turbocharger Manometer display wrong Replace the manometer

Line to manometer leaking Repair the leak

Contaminated filter silencer causing excessive loss of pressure

Compressor / turbine contaminated

Damaged compressor / turbine Contact an ABB Turbocharg-

Exhaust counterpressure too high Clean or repair the boiler or

Clean it

ing Service Station

exhaust silencer

Charge air pressure too high

Engine performance and engine speed unchanged, air intake condition normal

Possible causes Elimination

Engine Malfunctioning injection system Repair it or contact the man-

Turbocharger Manometer display wrong Replace the manometer

ufacturer

Poorly adjusted injection system Correct it

Engine performance higher than expected

Check engine performance

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

Troubleshooting 6

Malfunctions during operation 6.3 Page 82

Fouling of the compressor due to the feeding in of ventilation gases

Reduced compressor performance/efficiency, hence engine performance losses

Possible causes Remedy

Turbocharger Heavy fouling of the com-

pressor components

Increased vibrations, compressor blade damage

Clean compressor

Optimize oil separation

Correct the feed of ventilation gases according to instructions of enginebuilder.

Reduced fatigue strength of the compressor wheel, compressor blade failure.

Possible causes Remedy

Turbocharger Material of compressor

wheel corroded

Check the fuel and its corrosive components, and change fuel if necessary.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

6.4

Troubleshooting 6

Malfunctions when stopping 6.4 Page 83

6.4

Malfunctions when stopping

Noises during run-down

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Possible causes Elimination

Turbocharger Turbocharger contaminated Clean it

Damaged bearing Contact an ABB Turbocharg-

Rubbing rotor

Foreign object in turbocharger

ing Service Station

Run-down time too short

Possible causes Elimination

Turbocharger Turbocharger contaminated Clean it

Damaged bearing Contact an ABB Turbocharg-

Rubbing rotor

Foreign object in turbocharger

ing Service Station

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

6.5

Troubleshooting 6

Speed measurement system 6.5 Page 84

6.5

Speed measurement system

Possible causes Elimination

No signal or amplitude is poor

Measured speeds too high

Measured speed too low

Other sources of errors

Fitting error The screw plug for the sensor is fitted with

an additional gasket (copper ring). When fitting the speed sensor, this gasket must be removed. If the gasket is fitted by mistake, the distance from the sensor tip to the signal-generating sealing disc increases. As a result, the voltage amplitude of the speed signal decreases, which can cause problems for the evaluation electronics.

This problem is eliminated by removing the gasket.

Defective sensor Contact an ABB Turbocharging Service Sta-

tion

Contaminated sensor tip

- - Contact an ABB Turbocharging Service Sta-

- - If none of the above measures eliminates

The sensor tip is magnetic and can thus attract metal particles. As a result, the distance to the signal-generating sealing disc is reduced, which can lead to amplification of the noise component and consequently to faulty triggering. Dismantle the sensor, clean its tip and refit the sensor using the specified tightening torque.

tion

the malfunction, we recommend that you have the speed measuring system inspected by an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

7.1

Removal and installation 7

Transport 7.1 Page 85

Removal and installation

7.1

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Transport

Suspension of uninsulated turbocharger

Turbocharger with oil-cooled bearing casing

Suspension of insulated turbocharger

Complete turbocharger with gas outlet casing

Turbocharger with oil-cooled bearing casing

Complete turbocharger with gas outlet casing

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

7.2

Removal and installation 7

Turbocharger weights 7.2 Page 86

7.2

Turbocharger weights

Lifting gear with a sufficient load limit must be used for removing and installing the turbocharger. The following weight specification is the heaviest possibility. This guide value can differ from data on the rating plate, depending on the specification.

TPS44

[kg]

120 180 250 410 650

Turbocharger weights

TPS48

[kg]

TPS52

[kg]

TPS57

[kg]

TPS61

[kg]

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

7.3

Removal and installation 7

Remove the turbocharger 7.3 Page 87

7.3

Remove the turbocharger

τ Disconnect all exhaust gas and air lines according to the instructions

of the enginebuilder.

August 2017HZTL2412_ENRevision F

Version with water-cooled bearing casing:

τ Disconnect the water pipes according to the instructions of the en-

ginebuilder.

If present, remove hard insulation as follows:

τ Remove screws and sheet metal (B) from the bearing casing insula-

tion.

τ Remove the remaining screws from the bearing casing insulation (A).

τ Pull the bearing casing insulation up and off. The bearing casing insu-

lation can be compressed to facilitate the removal process.

τ Unplug the cable connector from the speed sensor.

τ Attach lifting gear to bearing casing.

τ If a gas outlet bend is present, sling lifting gear around it or secure it to

the lifting gear with a swivel lifting eye (C).

τ Loosen the fixing screws (D) on the bearing casing.

τ Lift the turbocharger from the engine and put it down.

τ Cover oil connections.

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

7.4

Removal and installation 7

Installing the turbocharger 7.4 Page 88

7.4

Installing the turbocharger

τ Remove covers from oil connections.

τ Visually inspect O-ring gaskets of oil supply and drain pipe (O-ring

gaskets for engine are not delivered by ABB Turbo Systems).

**) When the turbocharger is mounted on the engine support, the bolt threads and screw heads must be lightly oiled (assumed friction coefficient µ = 0.12 for tightening torque)

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Product Through hole in

bearing casing

[mm]

TPS44 17 M16 230 10.9/12.9

TPS48 17 M16 230 10.9/12.9

TPS52 21 M20 455 10.9/12.9

TPS57 21 M20 455 10.9/12.9

TPS61 25 M24 780 10.9/12.9

τ Attach lifting gear to bearing casing.

τ If a gas outlet manifold is provided, sling lifting gear around it addition-

Thread size

[mm]

Tightening

torque

[Nm]

Strength class

in acc. with

DIN/ISO 898

ally or fasten it to lifting gear using a swivel lifting eye (C) (see also section Transport / Weights).

τ Lift turbocharger, place on bracket and align.

τ Tighten fixing screws (D) to the bearing casing in accordance with the

table above.

τ Fasten all gas, water and air lines in accordance with the enginebuild-

er's instructions.

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Removal and installation 7

Installing the turbocharger 7.4 Page 89

If present:

τ Fit speed sensor and plug in cable connector.

τ Adapt and fit bearing casing insulation (A).

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τ Adapt and fit sheet metal (B) of bearing casing insulation.

Version with water-cooled bearing casing:

τ Remove the screw plugs from the water connections and fit the water

pipes in accordance with the enginebuilder's instructions.

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8.1

Disassembly and assembly 8

Introduction 8.1 Page 91

Disassembly and assembly

8.1

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CAUTION

NOTICE

Introduction

Precondition for the work described below is a turbocharger removed from the engine (refer to the chapter entitled Removal and Installation).

Further work

Only the work described in this Operation Manual may be carried out. Incorrectly performed disassembly and assembly of the cartridge group can lead to serious machine damage.

τ ABB Turbo Systems recommends having further work carried out on-

ly by trained personnel from an ABB Turbocharging Service Station.

Marking casing positions for assembly

ABB Turbo Systems recommends that the casing positions are marked before disassembling the turbocharger.

Identifying assembly devices

WARNING

Not all assembly devices are marked with a part number. They can be identified using the tool list. This list is enclosed in the toolbox.

Maintaining assembly devices

Assembly devices must be checked for damage before and after use.

τ Visually check for corrosion, cracks, deformation and wear. τ Don't use damaged assembly devices, but replace them.

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Disassembly and assembly 8

Introduction 8.1 Page 92

Customer spare parts set

Before beginning work, ensure that the required customer spare parts sets are available.

WARNING

τ See chapter Spare parts.

Oil orifice

τ When disassembling the turbocharger, a fitted oil orifice must not be

removed.

Tightening torques for turbocharger components

The specified tightening torques of screw connections for turbocharger components must be observed. (See section Table of tightening torques.)

Tightening torques for assembly devices of ABB Turbo Systems

If nothing else is described, the screws and nuts of the assembly devices must be tightened down firmly.

Suspended loads

Loads not suspended in compliance with regulations may lead to personal injury or accidents with fatal consequences.

τ Attach turbochargers, assemblies or individual components only to

lifting gear which is in technically perfect condition and has sufficient load capacity.

τ Make sure the load is suspended properly on the crane hook. τ Do not let anyone stand beneath a suspended load.

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Wear safety gloves to protect against mechanical hazards.

Wear safety helmet.

Definition of terms

€ Suspension point

Defined load carrying point on a component or an assembly (blind hole thread, eye, lug).

€ Assembly device

Devices mounted on the turbocharger to create a suspension point. Assembly devices are calculated and designed especially for the de-

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Disassembly and assembly 8

Introduction 8.1 Page 93

fined application. They are not commercially available products. Use assembly / fitting devices only for the applications described.

€ Lifting gear

Equipment for lifting and transporting loads (ropes, chain hoists, cranes). Lifting gear is not supplied by ABB Turbo Systems.

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Swivel lifting eye to be used

A swivel lifting eye is required to lift loads safely (not supplied by ABB).

Swivel lifting eye Product ThreadMLengthLMinimum

load limit

(loading

capacity)

TPS44 M8 13 mm 150 kg

TPS48 M10 17 mm 250 kg

TPS52 M10 17 mm 250 kg

TPS57 M12 21 mm 350 kg

TPS61 M12 21 mm 500 kg

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8.2

Disassembly and assembly 8

Module weights 8.2 Page 94

8.2

Module weights

The specified weights of individual parts or assemblies are guides rounded off to the next highest value.

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TPS44

Description

1 Filter silencer 15 19 30 40 65

2 Radial air suction branch 5 6 8 11 21

3 Axial air suction branch 3 4 4 6 9

4 Compressor casing 17 24 35 55 90

5 Wall insert 4 7 10 13 30

6 Diffuser 2 2 3 6 10

7 Cartridge group 25 35 50 85 140

8 Nozzle ring 1 1 2 3 6

9 Burst ring 1 2 3 5 12

10 Turbine casing

with external burst protection

11 Gas outlet flange 4 4 8 16 30

12 Exhaust manifold 16 18 25 40 60

1 inlet 30 35 50 80 130

2 inlets 30 35 50 90 150

3 inlets - - 55 95 170

4 inlets - - - 95 170

[kg]

TPS48

[kg]

TPS52

[kg]

TPS57

[kg]

TPS61

[kg]

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8.3

Disassembly and assembly 8

Disassembling and assembling

8.3 Page 95

turbocharger

8.3

Disassembling and assembling turbocharger

Removing the compressor casing

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Risk of burning

Touching hot surfaces or contact with hot operating materials can lead

WARNING

to serious burns.

τ Do not touch hot surfaces and heed the warning plate on the turbo-

charger.

τ Wear heat-resistant safety gloves and protective clothing. τ Allow the turbocharger to cool down before carrying out any work.

Wear safety gloves to protect against thermal hazards.

If provided

τ Disconnect all air lines in accordance with the enginebuilder’s instruc-

tions.

τ Remove the screws for the compressor casing insulation and disman-

tle the insulation.

τ Undo the V-clamp (72020) and remove the filter silencer (81000) or air

suction branch (82000).

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If provided

Disassembly and assembly 8

Disassembling and assembling

8.3 Page 96

turbocharger

Removing the insulation

τ Loosen and remove the screws for the insulation plates (1, 2).

τ If provided: Remove the insulation plates (1, 2).

τ Remove the remaining screws for the insulation (3).

τ Remove the insulation (3).

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Disassembly and assembly 8

Disassembling and assembling

8.3 Page 97

turbocharger

τ Slightly loosen the screws (72011) and turn the compressor casing

(72000) until the swivel lifting eye can be fastened to the lifting gear.

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NOTICE

CAUTION

(77006* only provided with the wall insert with acceleration aid.)

If the compressor casing cannot be removed easily, it can be pressed off using the press-off tool (90042) against the turbine casing. To do this, the two cover plates (1, 2) must be removed from the hard insulation on the turbine casing.

Axial force

The press-off tool can generate a high axial force and, if it is not used properly (too much pressure on one side), it can damage the rotor.

τ It should thus be used alternately on both sides while avoiding ex-

cessive pressure on either side.

τ Loosen the screws (72011) and remove them together with the fas-

tening strips (72012).

τ Move the compressor casing (72000) with the wall insert (77000) care-

fully away, doing so horizontally.

τ Tap the wall insert (77000) out of the compressor casing using a nylon

hammer and remove the O-ring seal (77005).

Operation Manual / TPS44-F.. - TPS61-F..

TPS..

F31/32 / FV31/32

Disassembly and assembly 8

Disassembling and assembling

8.3 Page 98

turbocharger

TPS61 wall insert removal

τ Fasten lifting beam (90258) to wall insert.

τ Fasten swivel lifting eye (a) to lifting beam.

τ Remove wall insert (77000) using lifting gear.

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Disassembly of diffuser

τ Loosen screws (72041) and remove them together with lockwashers

(72040) and diffuser (79000) from compressor casing (72000).

Abb TPS44-F33 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual