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95052-8145
ONTENTS
C
BOU
A
Introduction1
How to Use This Guide1
Conventions2
Related Publications3
1
G
About the LinkBuilder MSH1-1
About the MSH Switch 10051-1
Switch Operation and Features 1-5
MSH Switch 1005 on Your Network 1-11
T THIS GUID
ETTIN
G STARTE
Summary of Features1-2
Port Connections 1-3
10BASE-T Switch Ports 1-3
Internal Switch Ports 1-3
Transceiver Module Ports1-4
The Backbone Port 1-4
Adding an Expansion Module 1-4
How the Switch Compares to a Bridge 1-5
Forwarding of Packets 1-5
Intelligent Flow Management 1-7
Full Duplex 1-8
Security 1-8
Resilient Links 1-8
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 1-8
PAC E 1 -9
Backplane Connectors [5] 1-20
Switch Defaults 1-20
Setting Up the MSH Switch 1005 for Management 1-21
NSTALLATION AND INITIA
2
I
Safety Information 2-1
Pre-installation Configuration2-2
Setting the Links on the Switch 10052-2
Advice for Setting Backplane Connections and Avoiding Loops 2-4
Fitting a Transceiver Module 2-5
Fitting an Expansion Module 2-5
Switch 1005 Installation and Removal 2-6
Installing the Switch 10052-6
Removing the Switch 1005 2-7
Operation after Power-up 2-7
In an Unmanaged System 2-7
In a Managed System 2-8
Setting up the Switch 1005 2-9
Using the VT100 Interface 2-9
Using Telnet 2-12
Using an SNMP Network Manager 2-12
Accessing the Switch 1005 VT100 Interface 2-13
L SETU
P
Logging On2-14
After Logging On 2-15
Switch 1005 Management Setup2-17
Logging Off2-19
Auto Logout2-19
Setting Up Users 2-20
Creating a New User 2-21
Deleting a User 2-22
Editing User Details 2-23
Assigning Local Security2-24
WITCH CONFIGURATIO
3
S
Choosing a Switch Management Level 3-1
Switch 1005 Setup 3-4
Port Setup 3-7
Specifying the Backbone Port 3-11
The Switch Database (SDB)3-12
Configuring the Switch Database3-14
Searching the Switch Database3-15
By MAC Address 3-15
By Port 3-15
Adding an Entry into the SDB 3-16
Deleting an Entry from the SDB 3-16
Resilient Links 3-17
Viewing Resilient Setup3-18
Configuring Resilient Links 3-20
Creating a Resilient Link 3-22
Deleting a Resilient Link 3-22
Setting Up Traps 3-23
Resetting the Switch 1005 3-25
Initializing the Switch 1005 3-26
Upgrading Software3-28
N
DVANCED MANAGEMENT
4
A
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 4-1
What are VLANs? 4-1
Benefits of VLANs 4-2
An Example 4-3
VLANs and the Switch 1005 4-4
The Default VLAN 4-4
Connecting VLANs to a Router4-4
Connecting Common VLANs Between Switches 4-5
Using Non-routable Protocols 4-5
Using Unique MAC Addresses 4-5
VLAN Configurations 4-6
Example 1 4-6
Example 2 4-8
Example 3 4-10
Setting Up VLANs on the Switch 4-12
Assigning a Port to a VLAN 4-15
Specifying a Backbone Port 4-15
Specifying that a Backbone Port is Part of a VLT 4-15
TATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS
5
S
Summary Statistics5-2
Port Statistics 5-4
Port Traffic Statistics 5-6
Port Error Analysis5-9
Status Monitoring 5-11
Remote Polling 5-13
ROBLE
6
P
Spot Checks 6-1
Identifying Fault Conditions with the LEDs 6-2
VT100 Problems 6-3
Switch 1005 Operation Problems6-4
M SOLVIN
G
CREEN ACCESS RIGHTS
A
S
ECHNICA
B
T
ECHNICA
C
T
Online Technical Services C-1
3Com Bulletin Board Service C-1
World Wide Web Site C-2
3ComForum on CompuServeC-3
3ComFacts Automated Fax Service C-3
Support from Your Network Supplier C-4
Support from 3Com C-5
Returning Products for RepairC-6
LOSSARY
G
NDE
I
IMITE
L
L SPECIFICATIO
L SUPPOR
Access by Modem C-1
Access by ISDN C-2
X
D WARRANTY
T
N
A
BOU
T THIS
Introduction
This guide describes how to install and configure the MSH Switch 1005.
If the information in the release notes shipped with your product differs
from the information in this guide, follow the release notes.
How to Use This Guide
The following table shows where to find specific information in this
guide.
G
UID
E
If you are looking for:
A description of all the Switch 1005 features and a guide to making a
quick start with management
Important safety information, a brief overview of the installation process
and a complete guide the initial setup required
Information and steps telling you how you can manage the Switch 1005
using the VT100 screens
Information on the more advanced functionality you can manage using
the VT100 screens
Details on viewing Switch 1005 statistics using the VT100 screens
Ideas on solving problems should they arise
A list of user access rights for the VT100 screens
Technical information about the Switch 1005
Technical support information
A list of terms and definitions used in this Guide
A comprehensive Index
Turn to:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Glossary
Index
BOU
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2
Conventions
Tabl e 1
throughout this guide:
E
and
Table 2
list text and icon conventions that are used
Table 1
Icon
Table 2
Convention
“Enter” vs. “Type”
Text represented as
screen
display
Text represented as
commands
Keys
Italics
Notice Icons
Type
Information Note
Caution
Warning
Tex t Conventi o ns
Description
Information notes call attention to
important features or instructions.
Cautions alert you to personal safety risk,
system damage, or loss of data.
Warnings alert you to the risk of severe
personal injury.
Description
When the word “enter” is used in this guide, it means type
something, then press the Return or Enter key. Do not press
the Return or Enter key when an instruction simply says “type.”
This typeface
appear on your terminal screen, for example:
NetLogin:
This typeface
you enter, for example:
SETDefault !0 -IP NETaddr = 0.0.0.0
When specific keys are referred to in the text, they are called
out by their labels, such as “the Return key” or “the Escape
key,” or they may be shown as [Return] or [Esc].
If two or more keys are to be pressed simultaneously, the keys
are linked with a plus sign (+), for example:
Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].
Italics
are used to denote
is used to represent displays that
is used to represent commands that
new terms
or
emphasis
.
Related Publications
This User Guide is not intended to answer all your questions
concerning the MSH. While using the MSH Switch 1005, you may need
to refer to the following publications:
■
LinkBuilder MSH User Guide
■
LinkBuilder MSH Management Module User Guide
DUA1850-0AAA0x.
Related Publications
, part number DUA1800-0AAA0x.
, part number
3
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4
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About the LinkBuilder MSH
The LinkBuilder MSH is an extremely versatile, chassis-based hub that
allows you to connect and manage large, mixed-technology,
mixed-media LANs.
The basis of the MSH is the chassis into which you can install a series of
network-specific modules. Modules within the chassis connect to a
number of backplanes allowing communication between the various
LANs and LAN segments connected to the MSH.
About the MSH Switch 1005
The MSH Switch 1005 is designed to be installed into the MSH chassis,
so that you can extend your network beyond the limits of a repeater
and provide your users with greater bandwidth, faster throughput, and
high speed connections.
D
The MSH Switch 1005 is an intelligent module with its own on-board
management agent. This means that even in an unmanaged MSH
chassis, you can access the manageable features of the Switch using a
Telnet application or an SNMP Network Manager and configure internal
port connections using the five links located on the Switch.
With a Management Module installed into your MSH chassis, you have
access to the VT100 interface of the Switch. This interface provides a
series of ASCII character-based forms which allow you to configure the
manageable features of the Switch. Y
about Switch management in
Chapter 2.
ou can find further information
“Setting up the Switch 1005”
in
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Summary of Features
■
8 switched 10BASE-T ports
■
Slot for optional Fast Ethernet or 10BASE-T
■
Switched connections to all 3 internal Ethernet backplanes
■
Internal Fast Ethernet backplane
■
Ability to add Expansion Module adding up to three further
M
odules
■
Support for up to 500 end-stations, unlimited stations on backbone
port
■
Forwarding modes for packets
■
Low latency in fast forward mode
■
No runts in fragment free mode
■
No runts/errors in store-and-forward mode
■
Low latency or no runts/errors in intelligent mode
■
Intelligent Flow Management when packet buffers are full
■
Prevents packets being discarded
■
Suppresses transmissions at source
■
Full duplex on Fast Ethernet Transceiver Modules
■
Security
■
Resilient Link
■
Port-based Virtual LANs (VLANs)
■
Support for up to 16 VLANs on a single Switch 1005
■
Eases the movement of devices on IP networks
■
Controls traffic
■
Provides extra security
■
PACE (Priority Access Control Enabled)
■
Supports multimedia applications over Ethernet
■
Increased Ethernet predictability
■
Full use of network bandwidth
D
Transceiver M
odule
Transceiver
s
DUA1840-0AAA01
■
SmartAgent support
■
SNMP with IP and IPX protocols
■
RMON
■
Repeater and Bridge MIB
■
Broadcast storm control
■
Easy software upgrades
■
BOOTP
■
Local management
Port Connections
10BASE-T Switch Ports
Eight fixed ports each configured as MDIX provide 10Mbps bandwidth
to each attached end-station. Maximum segment length is 100m
(328ft) over grade 3, 4 or 5 twisted pair cable.
Internal Switch Ports
As well as switch ports located on the front panel of the Switch 1005,
internal backplane connections provide an additional four switch
ports. These ports are enabled and disabled through management or
using the set of links LK1 to LK5 located on the Switch 1005.
About the MSH Switch 1005
1-3
DUA1840-0AAA01
Three of these ports provide switched connections to the three
10Mbps repeater backplanes located in the MSH chassis, and therefore
to any modules connected to the same backplane.
The fourth internal switched port provides a connection to the Fast
Ethernet backplane, and therefore to any other Switch 1005
module
s
installed in the chassis.
Locating and setting links is described in
Switch 1005”
in Chapter 2.
“Setting the Links on the
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Transceiver Module Ports
A slot on the front of the Switch 1005 allows you to install any of the
Transceiver M
details in
odules available for this product. You can find more
“Transceiver Module slot”
on page 1-18.
The Backbone Port
The MSH Switch 1005 requires that the port
your network is configured as a
backbone port
connecting
it to the rest of
. This is the port to which
all frames arriving at a switch port with an unknown destination
address will be forwarded. Addresses received on the backbone port
are not stored in the
switch database of the
Switch 1005.
When you first install a Switch 1005 into your MSH chassis, it will
configure its backbone port to be the first Fast Ethernet port it finds
either on the Switch, or on the Expansion Module if fitted. You can
change your designated backbone port to be any switch port (internal
or external). Changing the default backbone port is described in
“Specifying the Backbone Port”
You
can
only have one backbone port per Switch 1005, unless you
in Chapter 3.
have implemented multiple VLANs on one Switch; in this case you
configure one backbone port per VLAN. You can find more information
about VLANs in
Chapter 4
.
can
Adding an Expansion Module
The MSH Switch 1005 also has provision for installing an Expansion
Module. The Expansion Module has three slots for installing any
combination of the
Module slot”
Transceiver Module
on page 1-18.
s described in
“Transceiver
DUA1840-0AAA01
Switch Operation and Features
How the Switch Compares to a Bridge
The table below shows how Switch 1005 operation compares to that of
an IEEE 802.1D bridge:
Switch Operation and Features
1-5
Address Learning
Forwarding Mode
Operation when packet
buffers full
Spanning Tree
Action on Unknown
Destination Address
Database size
In all other ways, MSH Switch 1005 and bridge operation is identical.
Forwarding of Packets
The table below shows how a packet is processed when it arrives at the
Switch 1005
Packet Source
Any port EXCEPT backbone port
(Unicast packet)
Any port EXCEPT backbone port
(Unicast packet)
Any port EXCEPT backbone port
(Unicast packet)
:
IEEE 802.1D Bridge
All ports
Store-and-forward
Discard packets
Supported
Flood all ports
Variable
Destination Address
Unknown
Same port as source
address
Another port (not
backbone port)
Switch 1005
All ports except backbone.
Fast Forward, Fragment
Free, Store and Forward, or
Intelligent
Invoke Intelligent Flow
Management to suppress
transmissions at source
Not supported
Forward to backbone port
only
500 addresses
Action
Forward to backbone
port only
Filter (discard)
Forward to specific port
only
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Packet Source
Any port EXCEPT backbone port
(Multi/Broadcast packet)
Backbone port (Unicast packet)
Backbone port (Unicast packet)
Backbone port
(Multi/Broadcast packet)
Destination Address
Not applicable
Unknown
Known on a port (not
backbone port)
Not applicable
Action
Forward to all ports
(including backbone
port) within same VLAN
as source port
Filter (discard)
Forward to specific port
only
Forward to all ports
within specific VLAN
To best suit your networking requirements, the Switch 1005 allows you
to set one of four frame forwarding modes:
■
Fast Forward
— In this mode, frames are forwarded as soon as the
destination address is received and verified. The forwarding delay, or
latency, for all frames in this mode is just 40µs but with the lack of
checking time, any collision fragments or error frames received are
propagated through the switch.
■
Fragment Free
— In
this
mode, a minimum of 64 bytes of the
received frame is buffered prior to the frame being forwarded. This
ensures that collision fragments are not propagated through the
network, however, CRC errors are forwarded. The forwarding delay, or
latency, for all frames in this mode is 64µs.
■
Store and Forward
— In this mode, received packets are buffered in
their entirety prior to forwarding. This ensures that only good frames
are passed to their destination. The forwarding delay for this mode
varies between 64µs and 1.2ms, depending on frame length. In Store
and Forward mode, latency is measured as the time between receiving
the last bit of the frame, and transmitting the first bit. For the Switch
1005, this is 8µs.
■
Intelligent
— In this mode, the Switch 1005 monitors the amount of
error traffic on the network and changes the forwarding mode
accordingly. If the Switch 1005 detects less than 18 packets per second
with errors, it will operate in Fast Forward mode. As soon as the Switch
1005 detects more than 18 packets per second with errors, it will
operate in Store and Forward mode until the error count returns to 0.
DUA1840-0AAA01
Intelligent Flow Management
Switch Operation and Features
1-7
Intelligent Flow Management
(IFM)
is a congestion control mechanism
built into the Switch 1005. Congestion is caused by one or more
devices sending traffic to a Switch port which is already busy. The
Switch 1005 contains both input and output packet buffers and while
congestion is rare, IFM is designed to alleviate problems during those
moments when packet buffers in the Switch 1005 are full. IFM will
prevent packet loss by inhibiting the transmitting device from sending
any further packets until the port is no longer congested.
If a packet arrives at a conventional switch that does not operate IFM,
and that port is congested, the transmitting device is unaware of this
until it times out and decides that the receiving station is not going to
respond to the message. This can take as long as 30 seconds, and
depending on the protocol you are running, may not happen until
many packets have been sent. The transmitting device then has to
retransmit the packets, effectively wasting bandwidth.
Switch
modules
implementing IFM are aware of congestion, and
prevent packet loss by inhibiting the transmitting device from
transmitting the packet in the first place. It does this by forcing the
device to retransmit the packet later. This “back-off” and retransmission
happens very quickly (typically less than one second) and is much
faster than waiting for the transmitting device to time-out. There are
two benefits:
■
■
DUA1840-0AAA01
the packet is transmitted quickly and successfully
the packet is only transmitted once, thereby saving bandwidth.
IFM is designed to be enabled on ports connected to a single network
device. If IFM is enabled on a port connected to multiple devices
through a repeater, packet congestion within the Switch 1005 could
result in packet transmission between two devices connected to the
repeater being inhibited.
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Full Duplex
The MSH Switch 1005 provides full duplex support for any Fast Ethernet
Transceiver Module
to be transmitted and received simultaneously and, in effect, doubles
the bandwidth available on the link. Full duplex also supports
100BASE-FX cable runs of up to 2km.
Security
The MSH Switch 1005 contains advanced security features which
guard against users connecting unauthorized stations onto your
network. When security is enabled on a port, that port enters into a
single address learning mode. This port is then permitted to learn just a
single Ethernet address and once this is learned, if a different address is
then seen on that port, the port will be disabled. Until security is
disabled, no other address can be learned.
Resilient Links
The Resilient Link feature in the Switch 1005 enables you to protect
critical links and prevent wasteful network downtime should that link
fail. Setting up resilience ensures that should a main communication
link fail, a standby duplicate link will immediately and automatically
take over the task of the main link. Each main and standby link pair is
referred to as a resilient link pair. The main and standby links must be
set up on the same Switch 1005.
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s you may have installed. Full duplex allows frames
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
The Switch 1005 has a Virtual LAN (VLAN) feature which allows you to
build your network segments without being restricted by physical
connections.
topology-independent devices that communicate as if they are on the
same physical LAN.
A VLAN is defined as a group of location- and
DUA1840-0AAA01
Switch Operation and Features
Implementing VLANs on your network has three main advantages:
■
Network administration personnel are required to make less physical
intervention when a workstation has to be moved. Within the VLAN
setup, a group of devices on different floors in a building can be
configured into a common communications group. If a workstation is
moved from VLAN 1 to VLAN 2 for example, the network administrator
only needs to know address information for that device; the physical
location of the port is irrelevant.
■
Use of network resources becomes much more efficient. Each VLAN
can be set up to contain only those devices which need to
communicate with each other. In this way, broadcast storms, the most
common cause of network congestion, can also be avoided.
■
Network security is enhanced. Devices within each VLAN can only
communicate with member devices in the same VLAN. If a device in
VLAN 1 for example, needs to communicate with devices in VLAN 2, it
must be configured to cross the router between them.
1-9
PACE
DUA1840-0AAA01
Further information can be found in
Chapter 4
.
PACE (Priority Access Control Enabled) technology allows multimedia
applications using voice and video traffic to be carried over standard
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Local Area Networks (LANs). PACE provides
the quality of service that these applications require, reducing latency
to a minimum and prioritizing the multimedia traffic.
Both multimedia and data traffic are improved considerably by
introducing an Ethernet switch into the LAN and attaching each
end-station to its own dedicated 10Mbps switch port. This removes any
contention between different end-stations for the Ethernet bandwidth.
However, when two-way traffic is passing between an end-station and
the switch port, access to the bandwidth can still be unfairly allocated
to traffic in one direction, resulting in poor quality video display. PACE
allocates the available bandwidth fairly to traffic in each direction. In
this way, existing Ethernet adapters and cabling can be used to run
high-quality multimedia sessions across the LAN.
1-10
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You can enable PACE on the whole Switch 1005
module
or on an
individual port. Before configuring PACE, you should refer to sections
“Switch 1005 Setup”
and
“Port Setup”
in Chapter 3.
DUA1840-0AAA01
MSH Switch 1005 on Your Network
MSH Switch 1005 on Your Network
Server Connections
When integrating the Switch 1005 into your network, the following
notes on server connections will ensure that it is operating at
maximum efficiency:
■
Ideally ...
... any local server should be connected to the Switch 1005 using a
100Mbps port.
■
If that is not possible ...
... connect the local server to a dedicated 10Mbps port.
■
If that’s not possible and the local server is connected to a repeated
segment where the traffic is mainly local to that segment ...
... disable Intelligent Flow Management (IFM) on the port to which the
repeater is connected.
Whenever you have multiple workstations connected to a single port of
the Switch 1005, we recommend that you disable IFM on that port.
1-11
Network Configuration Examples
The following illustrations show some examples of how the Switch
1005 can be used on your network.
DUA1840-0AAA01
1-12
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Figure 1-1
Figure 1-1
Workgroup Switch I
shows how the Switch 1005 fits into a large corporate
network with a Fast Ethernet infrastructure. A Switch is positioned on
each floor and servers are centralized in the basement.
DUA1840-0AAA01
MSH Switch 1005 on Your Network
1-13
DUA1840-0AAA01
Figure 1-2
Figure 1-2
Workgroup Switch II
shows the Switch 1005 in a second workgroup situation. This
setup could be that of a small office within a large corporation, or part
of a larger corporate network. Each switch port has mainly muliple
end-stations.
1-14
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Figure 1-3
Figure 1-3
Desktop Switch
shows the Switch 1005 used for a group of heavy-traffic
users in a large corporate network. Here, switching is brought to the
desktop with a single end-station per switch port. Local servers are
connected via a 100Mbps Fast Ethernet link.
DUA1840-0AAA01
Configuration Rules for Fast Ethernet
Configuration Rules for Fast Ethernet
The topology rules for Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) are slightly different to
those for 10Mbps Ethernet. The key topology rules are:
■
Maximum UTP cable length is 100m (328ft) over
■
A 412m (1352ft) fiber run is allowed for connecting switch to switch, or
end-station to switch, using standards-compliant half-duplex
100BASE-FX.
■
A total network span of 325m (1066ft) is allowed in single-repeater
topologies (one hub stack per wiring closet with a fiber run to the
collapsed backbone); for example, a 225m (738ft) fiber downlink from a
repeater to a router or switch, plus 100m (328ft) UTP run from a
repeater out to the desktops.
Configuration Rules with Full Duplex
The MSH Switch 1005 provides full duplex support for any Fast Ethernet
Transceiver Modules that are installed. Full duplex allows frames to be
transmitted and received simultaneously and, in effect, doubles the
bandwidth available on a link.
category 5
1-15
cable.
■
■
DUA1840-0AAA01
With full duplex, the topology rules are:
Maximum UTP cable length is still 100m (328ft) over
category 5
cable.
A 2km (6562ft) fiber run is allowed for connecting switch to switch, or
end-station to switch.
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Switch Overview — Front Panel
Figure 1-4
Switch 1005 front view
DUA1840-0AAA01
LEDs
Switch Overview — Front Panel
1-17
LED
PWR
(Power)
Backplane
E
FE
1 - 12
(External port
status)
Color
Green
Green flash
(slow, 0.5 Hz)
Green flash
(fast, 1Hz)
Amber
Green
Green flash
Yellow
Green
Green flash
Yellow
Green
Green flash
Yellow
Off
Ports 1 - 4 relate to any Transceiver Module installed into the
slot. If you have installed a Fast Ethernet Transceiver Module,
LED 1 will be lit, all others are unused.
Indicates ...
The Switch is powered up and operating
normally.
Power On Self Test (POST) in operation.
Software download in progress
Fault occurred on this Switch
One or more of the internal Ethernet (10Mbps)
backplanes are enabled.
All three internal Ethernet backplanes are
disabled.
There is network activity on the enabled
backplane(s).
Connection to the internal Fast Ethernet
(100Mbps) backplane is enabled.
Connection to the internal Fast Ethernet
(100Mbps) backplane is disabled.
There is network activity on the Fast Ethernet
backplane.
Link connected; port enabled.
Link connected; port disabled.
Traffic being transmitted/received on this port.
Link not connected.
DUA1840-0AAA01
For information on using the LEDs for fault diagnosis, please see
“Identifying Fault Conditions with the LEDs”
in Chapter 6.
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1-18
C
1:
G
G STARTE
Transceiver Module slot
Allows you to install an Transceiver Module. Transceivers available
include:
■
100BASE-TX Transceiver Module (3C18407)
100Mbps, twisted pair port provides the Switch with a single,
high-speed connection to, for example, your network infrastructure.
Maximum segment length is 100m (328ft) over grade 5 twisted pair
cable.
■
100BASE-FX Transceiver Module (3C18408)
100Mbps, fiber port provides the Switch with a single, high-speed
connection to, for example, your network infrastructure. Use
micron
fiber optic cable with SC connectors. The maximum supported
distance is 412m (1352ft) or 2km
the link support full duplex.
■
4 Port 10BASE-T Transceiver Module (3C18409)
additional four 10BASE-T ports to your Switch 1005 with the same
operating conditions as the eight fixed ports described below.
You should contact your supplier for further details on these and any
further
Transceiver
D
— This Fast Ethernet,
— This Fast Ethernet,
(6562ft)
if the devices at both ends of
Modules available from 3Com.
62.5/125
— Adds an
10BASE-T Ports
Eight fixed ports each configured as MDIX provide the full 10Mbps
bandwidth to each attached end-station. Maximum segment length is
100m (328ft) over grade 3, 4 or 5 twisted pair cable.
DUA1840-0AAA01
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