ZyXEL Communications GS-4012F User Manual

GS-4012F/4024

Ethernet Switch

User’s Guide

Version 3.60

1/2006

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.

Copyright 1

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Interference Statements and

Warnings

FCC Statement

This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.

2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired

operations.

FCC Warning

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CE Mark Warning:

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:

Notice 1

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

2 Interference Statements and Warnings

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Certifications

1 Go to www.zyxel.com

2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page

to go to that product's page.

3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

Registration

Register your product online for free future product updates and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

Safety Warnings

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.

• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).

• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.

• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.

• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.

• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.

• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.

• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.

• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.

• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.

• Do NOT store things on the device.

• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

Interference Statements and Warnings 3

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL.
This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.

Registration

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

4 ZyXEL Limited Warranty

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Customer Support

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.

• Product model and serial number.

• Warranty Information.

• Date that you received your device.

• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

METHOD

LOCATION

CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)

CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

HUNGARY

KAZAKHSTAN

NORTH AMERICA

NORWAY

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.com

www.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.com

ftp.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary

[e-mail] [phone]

http://zyxel.kz/support [phone] www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] 1-800-255-4101

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.us.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.

REGULAR MAIL

ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II

Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n

Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika

Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark

Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland

1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France

Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany

48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary

43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan

1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.

Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway

Customer Support 5

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

METHOD

LOCATION

POLAND

RUSSIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

UKRAINE

UNITED KINGDOM

* “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications

[phone]

http://zyxel.ru/support [phone] www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone]

08707 555779 (UK only)

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.uk

REGULAR MAIL

ul.Emilli Plater 53
00-113 Warszawa
Poland

Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia

Alejandro Villegas 33
1º, 28043 Madrid
Spain

Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden

13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine

www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK

Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)

6 Customer Support

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Copyright .................................................................................................................. 1

Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 2

ZyXEL Limited Warranty ......................................................................................... 4

Customer Support ................................................................................................... 5

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 7

List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 19

List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 25

Preface.................................................................................................................... 29

Chapter 1

Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................ 31

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 31

1.2 Software Features ............................................................................................. 31

1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................ 34

1.4 Applications ....................................................................................................... 35

1.4.1 Backbone Application ............................................................................... 35

1.4.2 Bridging Example ..................................................................................... 36

1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example ..................................................... 36

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples .............................................. 37

1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ............................................................. 37

1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ....................................................... 38

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation and Connection ................................................................ 39

2.1 Freestanding Installation ................................................................................... 39

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ........................................................................ 40

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................ 40

2.2.1.1 Precautions .................................................................................... 40

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................ 40

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................ 40

Chapter 3

Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 43

3.1 Front Panel Connection .................................................................................... 43

Table of Contents 7

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

3.1.1 Console Port ........................................................................................... 44

3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................. 44

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................ 44

3.1.3 SFP Slots ................................................................................................ 44

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................ 45

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ................................................................... 45

3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................ 46

3.2.1 Power Connector ..................................................................................... 47

3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................. 47

3.3 Front Panel LEDs .......................................................................................... 47

Chapter 4

The Web Configurator ........................................................................................... 49

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 49

4.2 System Login .................................................................................................. 49

4.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................ 50

4.3.1 Change Your Password ........................................................................ 54

4.4 Switch Lockout ................................................................................................ 55

4.5 Resetting the Switch ....................................................................................... 55

4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................. 56

4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ............................................................... 56

4.7 Help ................................................................................................................. 57

Chapter 5

Initial Setup Example............................................................................................. 59

5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 59

5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ...................................................................... 59

5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings .......................................................... 60

5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ...................................................................................... 61

5.1.4 Setting Port VID ....................................................................................... 62

5.1.5 Enabling RIP ............................................................................................ 63

Chapter 6

System Status and Port Statistics........................................................................ 65

6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 65

6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................... 65

6.2.1 Port Details ............................................................................................. 66

Chapter 7

Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 71

7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 71

7.2 System Information ........................................................................................... 71

7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................. 73

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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

7.4 Introduction to VLANs ...................................................................................... 75

7.5 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 76

7.6 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................ 76

7.7 IP Setup ............................................................................................................ 78

7.7.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................ 78

7.8 Port Setup ......................................................................................................... 80

Chapter 8

VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 83

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................. 83

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................. 83

8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .......................................................................... 84

8.2.1 GARP ....................................................................................................... 84

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers ................................................................................. 84

8.2.2 GVRP ....................................................................................................... 84

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ......................................................................................... 85

8.4 Select the VLAN Type ...................................................................................... 85

8.5 Static VLAN ....................................................................................................... 86

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ................................................................................... 86

8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................ 87

8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................. 89

8.6 Port-based VLANs ........................................................................................... 90

8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN .................................................................. 90

Chapter 9

Static MAC Forward Setup.................................................................................... 93

9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 93

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................ 93

Chapter 10

Filtering................................................................................................................... 95

10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 95

10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................... 95

Chapter 11

Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................................................... 97

11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................... 97

11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................... 98

11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................... 98

11.2 STP Status ..................................................................................................... 98

11.2.1 Configure STP ..................................................................................... 100

Table of Contents 9

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 12

Bandwidth Control............................................................................................... 103

12.1 Introduction to Bandwidth Control ................................................................. 103

12.1.1 CIR and PIR ......................................................................................... 103

12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ............................................................................... 103

Chapter 13

Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 105

13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 105

13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ..................................................................... 105

Chapter 14

Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 107

14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 107

14.2 Port Mirroring Configuration .......................................................................... 107

Chapter 15

Link Aggregation ................................................................................................. 109

15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 109

15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ................................................................. 109

15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................. 110

15.2 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................. 110

15.3 Link Aggregation Setup .................................................................................111

Chapter 16

Port Authentication...............................................................................................115

16.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 115

16.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 115

16.2 Configuring Port Authentication ..................................................................... 115

16.2.1 Activating IEEE 802.1x Security ......................................................... 116

16.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 117

Chapter 17

Port Security..........................................................................................................119

17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 119

17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 119

Chapter 18

Classifier............................................................................................................... 121

18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 121

18.2 Configuring the Classifier .............................................................................. 121

18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................ 124

18.4 Classifier Example ......................................................................................... 125

10 Table of Contents

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 19

Policy Rule........................................................................................................... 127

19.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 127

19.1.1 DiffServ ................................................................................................ 127

19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ............................................................... 127

19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ............................................................................... 127

19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ...................................................... 130

19.4 Policy Example .............................................................................................. 131

Chapter 20

Queuing Method................................................................................................... 133

20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 133

20.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) .............................................................. 133

20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ......................................... 134

20.2 Configuring Queuing ...................................................................................... 134

Chapter 21

VLAN Stacking ..................................................................................................... 137

21.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 137

21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ...................................................................... 137

21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................. 138

21.3 VLAN Tag Format .......................................................................................... 138

21.3.1 Frame Format ...................................................................................... 139

21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ........................................................................... 140

Chapter 22

Multicast ............................................................................................................... 143

22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ......................................................................... 143

22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ...................................................................................... 143

22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................... 143

22.2 Multicast Status ............................................................................................. 144

22.2.1 Multicast Setting ................................................................................... 144

22.2.2 IGMP Filtering Profile ........................................................................... 146

22.3.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................. 148

22.3.2 MVR Modes ......................................................................................... 148

22.3.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................. 148

22.4 General MVR Configuration .......................................................................... 149

22.5.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................ 152

Chapter 23

Static Route .......................................................................................................... 155

23.1 Configuring .................................................................................................. 155

Table of Contents 11

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 24

RIP ........................................................................................................................ 157

24.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 157

24.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 157

Chapter 25

OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 159

25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 159

25.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas .............................................. 159

25.1.2 How OSPF Works ................................................................................ 160

25.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................. 160

25.1.4 Configuring OSPF ............................................................................... 160

25.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................ 161

25.3 Enabling OSPF and General Settings .......................................................... 162

25.4 Configuring OSPF Areas .............................................................................. 164

25.4.1 Viewing OSPF Area Information Table ................................................. 165

25.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ....................................................................... 166

25.6 OSPF Virtual Links ...................................................................................... 167

Chapter 26

IGMP...................................................................................................................... 171

26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 171

26.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 171

Chapter 27

DVMRP .................................................................................................................. 173

27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 173

27.2 How DVMRP Works ...................................................................................... 173

27.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ........................................................................... 174

27.3 Configuring DVMRP ..................................................................................... 174

27.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages .............................................. 175

27.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ...................................................................... 176

Chapter 28

IP Multicast ........................................................................................................... 177

28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 177

28.2 Configuring .................................................................................................... 177

Chapter 29

Differentiated Services........................................................................................ 179

29.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 179

29.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .............................................................. 179

29.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................. 179

12 Table of Contents

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29.2 Activating DiffServ ........................................................................................ 180

29.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping ...................................................... 181

29.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................. 181

Chapter 30

DHCP..................................................................................................................... 183

30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 183

30.1.1 DHCP modes ...................................................................................... 183

30.2 DHCP Server Status ...................................................................................... 183

30.3 Configuring DHCP Server ........................................................................... 184

30.3.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example .................................................. 186

30.4 DHCP Relay .................................................................................................. 186

30.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ........................................................... 187

30.4.2 Configuring DHCP Relay ..................................................................... 187

30.4.3 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................... 188

Chapter 31

VRRP ..................................................................................................................... 189

31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 189

31.2 Viewing VRRP Status .................................................................................. 190

31.3 Configuring VRRP ......................................................................................... 191

31.3.1 IP Interface Setup ............................................................................... 191

31.3.2 VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 192

31.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval ............................................................... 192

31.3.2.2 Priority ....................................................................................... 192

31.3.2.3 Preempt Mode ........................................................................... 192

31.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters ............................................................ 193

31.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ...................................................................... 194

31.5 VRRP Configuration Examples .................................................................... 194

31.5.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................ 194

31.5.2 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................ 196

Chapter 32

Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 199

32.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................. 199

32.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................ 199

32.3 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................... 200

32.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ................................................................... 200

32.5 Load Factory Defaults .................................................................................. 201

32.6 Reboot System .............................................................................................. 201

32.7 FTP Command Line ...................................................................................... 202

32.7.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................ 202

32.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands .......................................................... 202

Table of Contents 13

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

32.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure .......................................................... 203

32.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients ........................................................................ 203

32.7.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................. 204

Chapter 33

Access Control..................................................................................................... 205

33.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 205

33.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................. 205

33.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................. 206

33.3.1 Supported MIBs ................................................................................. 207

33.3.2 SNMP Traps ....................................................................................... 207

33.3.3 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................. 208

33.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................. 208

33.4 SSH Overview ............................................................................................... 210

33.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................. 210

33.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ............................................................... 211

33.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ............................................................... 211

33.7 Introduction to HTTPS ................................................................................... 211

33.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................ 212

33.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ................................................... 212

33.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages .............................................. 213

33.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................. 214

33.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................ 216

33.10 Remote Management ................................................................................ 216

Chapter 34

Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 219

34.1 Diagnostic ..................................................................................................... 219

Chapter 35

Cluster Management............................................................................................ 221

35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 221

35.2 Cluster Management Status ......................................................................... 222

35.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................. 223

35.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .................... 223

35.3 Configuring Cluster Management ................................................................. 224

Chapter 36

MAC Table............................................................................................................. 227

36.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 227

36.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................. 228

14 Table of Contents

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 37

IP Table ................................................................................................................. 229

37.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 229

37.2 Viewing the IP Table ..................................................................................... 230

Chapter 38

ARP Table ............................................................................................................. 231

38.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 231

38.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................. 231

38.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................. 231

Chapter 39

Routing Table ....................................................................................................... 233

39.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 233

39.2 Viewing the Routing Table ............................................................................ 233

Chapter 40

Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 235

40.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 235

40.1.1 Switch Configuration File ..................................................................... 235

40.2 Accessing the CLI .......................................................................................... 235

40.2.1 Access Priority .................................................................................... 236

40.2.2 The Console Port ................................................................................. 236

40.2.2.1 Initial Screen ............................................................................... 236

40.2.3 Telnet ................................................................................................... 236

40.3 The Login Screen ......................................................................................... 237

40.4 Command Syntax Conventions ..................................................................... 237

40.5 Getting Help ................................................................................................... 238

40.5.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................. 238

40.5.2 Detailed Command Information ........................................................... 239

40.6 Command Modes .......................................................................................... 239

40.7 Using Command History ................................................................................ 240

40.8 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................. 240

40.8.1 Logging Out .......................................................................................... 241

40.9 Command Summary ...................................................................................... 241

40.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................ 241

40.9.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................ 242

40.9.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................ 246

40.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................... 260

40.9.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................... 263

40.9.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................ 264

40.10 mvr Commands ........................................................................................... 265

Table of Contents 15

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 41

Command Examples........................................................................................... 267

41.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 267

41.2 show Commands ........................................................................................... 267

41.2.1 show system-information .................................................................... 267

41.2.2 show hardware-monitor ........................................................................ 268

41.2.3 show ip ................................................................................................. 268

41.2.4 show logging ....................................................................................... 269

41.2.5 show interface ..................................................................................... 269

41.2.6 show mac address-table ..................................................................... 270

41.3 ping ............................................................................................................... 271

41.4 traceroute ...................................................................................................... 272

41.5 Enabling RSTP .............................................................................................. 272

41.6 Configuration File Maintenance .................................................................... 273

41.6.1 Configuration Backup ........................................................................... 273

41.6.2 Configuration Restoration ................................................................... 273

41.6.3 Using a Different Configuration File ..................................................... 274

41.6.4 Resetting to the Factory Default ........................................................... 274

41.7 no Command Examples ................................................................................ 275

41.7.1 no mirror-port ...................................................................................... 275

41.7.2 no https timeout .................................................................................... 275

41.7.3 no trunk ................................................................................................ 276

41.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................ 276

41.7.5 no ssh ................................................................................................... 277

41.8 interface Commands ..................................................................................... 277

41.8.1 interface port-channel ......................................................................... 278

41.8.2 interface route-domain ......................................................................... 278

41.8.3 bpdu-control ........................................................................................ 279

41.8.4 broadcast-limit ..................................................................................... 279

41.8.5 bandwidth-limit .................................................................................... 280

41.8.6 mirror ................................................................................................... 281

41.8.7 gvrp ..................................................................................................... 281

41.8.8 ingress-check ...................................................................................... 282

41.8.9 frame-type ........................................................................................... 282

41.8.10 spq .................................................................................................... 283

41.8.11 wrr ..................................................................................................... 283

41.8.12 egress set .......................................................................................... 284

41.8.13 qos priority .......................................................................................... 284

41.8.14 name .................................................................................................. 285

41.8.15 speed-duplex ...................................................................................... 285

16 Table of Contents

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 42

IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 287

42.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview .......................................................... 287

42.2 VLAN Databases ........................................................................................... 287

42.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ............................................................... 287

42.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) .......................................................... 288

42.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................. 288

42.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands ............................ 289

42.4.1 GARP Status ........................................................................................ 289

42.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................ 289

42.4.3 GVRP Timer ......................................................................................... 290

42.4.4 Enable GVRP ....................................................................................... 290

42.4.5 Disable GVRP ...................................................................................... 291

42.5 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................. 291

42.5.1 Set Port VID ........................................................................................ 291

42.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................. 291

42.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP .............................................................. 292

42.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................. 292

42.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ......................................... 293

42.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example ..................................................... 293

42.5.5 Delete VLAN ID .................................................................................... 293

42.6 Enable VLAN ................................................................................................ 294

42.7 Disable VLAN ................................................................................................ 294

42.8 Show VLAN Setting ...................................................................................... 294

Chapter 43

Troubleshooting................................................................................................... 297

43.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ................................................................... 297

43.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .................................................................... 297

43.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................... 298

43.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers .............................................. 298

43.2.1.2 JavaScripts ................................................................................. 301

43.2.1.3 Java Permissions ....................................................................... 303

43.3 Problems with the Password ......................................................................... 305

Appendix A

Product Specifications........................................................................................ 307

Appendix B

IP Subnetting.........................................................................................................311

Index...................................................................................................................... 319

Table of Contents 17

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

18 Table of Contents

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 36

Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................36

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................... 37

Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ...................................................................38

Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 38

Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 39

Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................40

Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................. 41

Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-4024 ............................................................................ 43

Figure 10 Front Panel: GS-4012F ........................................................................43

Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 45

Figure 12 Installed Transceiver ...........................................................................45

Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 46

Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 46

Figure 15 Rear Panel: GS-4012F/4024 ................................................................. 47

Figure 16 Read Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model) ...................................................... 47

Figure 17 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 50

Figure 18 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 50

Figure 19 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................55

Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 56

Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .........................................................57

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................... 59

Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ...................................................61

Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 62

Figure 25 Status .................................................................................................... 65

Figure 26 Status: Port Details ................................................................................ 67

Figure 27 System Info ........................................................................................... 72

Figure 28 General Setup ....................................................................................... 74

Figure 29 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 76

Figure 30 IP Setup ..................................................................................................79

Figure 31 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 81

Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 85

Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 86

Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................... 86

Figure 35 VLAN: Static VLAN ...............................................................................88

Figure 36 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 89

Figure 37 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 91

Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ...............................................91

List of Figures 19

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 39 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 93

Figure 40 Filtering .................................................................................................. 95

Figure 41 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 99

Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ..................................................100

Figure 43 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................104

Figure 44 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 105

Figure 45 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 107

Figure 46 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 110

Figure 47 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ................................. 112

Figure 48 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 115

Figure 49 Port Authentication ................................................................................116

Figure 50 Port Authentication: 802.1x ...................................................................116

Figure 51 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................117

Figure 52 Port Security .......................................................................................... 119

Figure 53 Classifier ................................................................................................ 122

Figure 54 Classifier: Summary Table ..................................................................... 124

Figure 55 Classifier: Example ................................................................................126

Figure 56 Policy ....................................................................................................128

Figure 57 Policy: Summary Table .......................................................................... 130

Figure 58 Policy Example ...................................................................................... 132

Figure 59 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 134

Figure 60 VLAN Stacking Example ....................................................................... 138

Figure 61 VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................140

Figure 62 Multicast: Status .................................................................................... 144

Figure 63 Multicast: Setting ...................................................................................145

Figure 64 Multicast: Setting: IGMP Filtering Profile ...............................................146

Figure 65 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 148

Figure 66 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 149

Figure 67 Multicast: Setting: MVR .........................................................................149

Figure 68 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 151

Figure 69 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 152

Figure 70 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 152

Figure 71 MVR Group Configuration Example .....................................................153

Figure 72 MVR Group Configuration Example ......................................................153

Figure 73 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 155

Figure 74 RIP ........................................................................................................ 158

Figure 75 OSPF Network Example ........................................................................ 160

Figure 76 OSPF Status .......................................................................................... 161

Figure 77 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ..........................163

Figure 78 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup .......................................................... 164

Figure 79 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................... 165

Figure 80 OSPF Interface ......................................................................................166

Figure 81 OSPF Virtual Link .................................................................................. 168

20 List of Figures

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 82 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 171

Figure 83 How DVMRP Works .............................................................................. 174

Figure 84 DVMRP ................................................................................................. 174

Figure 85 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ......................................................... 175

Figure 86 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ................................................ 175

Figure 87 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ................................................. 176

Figure 88 IP Multicast ............................................................................................ 177

Figure 89 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .....................................................179

Figure 90 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................... 180

Figure 91 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 180

Figure 92 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 181

Figure 93 DHCP: DHCP Server Status .................................................................184

Figure 94 DHCP: Server ....................................................................................... 185

Figure 95 DHCP Server Network Example ........................................................... 186

Figure 96 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................... 186

Figure 97 DHCP: Relay ......................................................................................... 187

Figure 98 DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................. 188

Figure 99 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ..................................................... 188

Figure 100 VRRP: Example 1 ............................................................................... 189

Figure 101 VRRP Status ....................................................................................... 190

Figure 102 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ........................................................ 191

Figure 103 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ............................................ 193

Figure 104 VRRP Configuration: Summary ........................................................... 194

Figure 105 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network ............... 195

Figure 106 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................. 195

Figure 107 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................. 195

Figure 108 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ..................................... 196

Figure 109 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ..................................... 196

Figure 110 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ................ 196

Figure 111 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A .... 197

Figure 112 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B ....197

Figure 113 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ......................................197

Figure 114 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ......................................197

Figure 115 Maintenance ....................................................................................... 199

Figure 116 Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................. 199

Figure 117 Restore Configuration .......................................................................... 200

Figure 118 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 200

Figure 119 Load Factory Default: Conformation .................................................... 201

Figure 120 Load Factory Default: Start .................................................................. 201

Figure 121 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................. 201

Figure 122 Reboot System: Start .......................................................................... 202

Figure 123 Console Port Priority ........................................................................... 205

Figure 124 Access Control ....................................................................................206

List of Figures 21

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 125 SNMP Management Model ................................................................ 206

Figure 126 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................ 208

Figure 127 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................209

Figure 128 SSH Communication Example .............................................................210

Figure 129 How SSH Works ................................................................................... 210

Figure 130 HTTPS Implementation ........................................................................ 212

Figure 131 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ........................................ 213

Figure 132 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) .......................................................... 213

Figure 133 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) .......................................................... 214

Figure 134 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) .......................................................... 215

Figure 135 Login Screen (Netscape) ...................................................................... 215

Figure 136 Access Control: Service Access Control .............................................216

Figure 137 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................ 217

Figure 138 Diagnostic ............................................................................................ 219

Figure 139 Clustering Application Example ........................................................... 221

Figure 140 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................... 222

Figure 141 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 223

Figure 142 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 224

Figure 143 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................... 225

Figure 144 MAC Table Flowchart ..........................................................................227

Figure 145 MAC Table ...........................................................................................228

Figure 146 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................... 229

Figure 147 IP Table ...............................................................................................230

Figure 148 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 232

Figure 149 Routing Table Status ...........................................................................233

Figure 150 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................... 236

Figure 151 CLI: Login Screen ................................................................................237

Figure 152 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ............................................238

Figure 153 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ............................................239

Figure 154 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 ........................ 239

Figure 155 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ....................... 239

Figure 156 CLI: History Command Example ......................................................... 240

Figure 157 CLI: write memory ...............................................................................240

Figure 158 show system-information Command Example ....................................267

Figure 159 show hardware-monitor Command Example ...................................... 268

Figure 160 show ip Command Example ................................................................ 269

Figure 161 show logging Command Example ....................................................... 269

Figure 162 show interface Command Example ..................................................... 270

Figure 163 show mac address-table Command Example .....................................271

Figure 164 ping Command Example .....................................................................271

Figure 165 traceroute Command Example ............................................................ 272

Figure 166 Enable RSTP Command Example ...................................................... 273

Figure 167 CLI: Backup Configuration Example ................................................... 273

22 List of Figures

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 168 CLI: Restore Configuration Example ................................................... 274

Figure 169 CLI: boot config Command Example ................................................... 274

Figure 170 CLI: reload config Command Example ................................................ 274

Figure 171 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ......................................... 275

Figure 172 no mirror-port Command Example ......................................................275

Figure 173 no https timeout Command Example .................................................. 275

Figure 174 no trunk Command Example ............................................................... 276

Figure 175 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ..............................277

Figure 176 no ssh Command Example ................................................................. 277

Figure 177 interface Command Example .............................................................. 278

Figure 178 interface Command Example .............................................................. 279

Figure 179 interface bpdu-control Command Example ......................................... 279

Figure 180 broadcast-limit Command Example .................................................... 280

Figure 181 bandwidth-limit Command Example .................................................... 280

Figure 182 mirror Command Example .................................................................. 281

Figure 183 gvrp Command Example ..................................................................... 282

Figure 184 ingress-check Command Example ...................................................... 282

Figure 185 frame-type Command Example ........................................................... 283

Figure 186 spq Command Example ...................................................................... 283

Figure 187 wrr Command Example ....................................................................... 284

Figure 188 egress set Command Example ........................................................... 284

Figure 189 qos priority Command Example .......................................................... 285

Figure 190 name Command Example ................................................................... 285

Figure 191 speed-duplex Command Example ...................................................... 285

Figure 192 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ......................... 288

Figure 193 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .............................289

Figure 194 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................... 289

Figure 195 GARP Timer Command Example ......................................................... 290

Figure 196 GVRP Status Command Example ....................................................... 290

Figure 197 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ......................................... 291

Figure 198 frame type Command Example ........................................................... 292

Figure 199 no gvrp Command Example ................................................................ 292

Figure 200 Modifying Static VLAN Example .......................................................... 293

Figure 201 no vlan Command Example ................................................................ 294

Figure 202 show vlan Command Example ............................................................ 295

Figure 203 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 298

Figure 204 Internet Options ................................................................................... 299

Figure 205 Internet Options .................................................................................... 300

Figure 206 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 301

Figure 207 Internet Options .................................................................................... 302

Figure 208 Security Settings - Java Scripting .........................................................303

Figure 209 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................ 304

Figure 210 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 305

List of Figures 23

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

24 List of Figures

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 43

Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................... 47

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 51

Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 52

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 52

Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................66

Table 7 Status: Port Details ....................................................................................67

Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 72

Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................... 74

Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 77

Table 11 IP Setup ................................................................................................... 79

Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 81

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................84

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 87

Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 88

Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 89

Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 92

Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 94

Table 19 FIltering ................................................................................................... 95

Table 20 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 97

Table 21 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 98

Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 99

Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 100

Table 24 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 104

Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control .........................................................................106

Table 26 Mirroring ..................................................................................................108

Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ..........................................................110

Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ...........................................................110

Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Status ..............................................111

Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ...................................112

Table 31 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 116

Table 32 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 117

Table 33 Port Security ...........................................................................................120

Table 34 Classifier ................................................................................................. 122

Table 35 Classifier: Summary Table ......................................................................124

Table 36 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 124

Table 37 Common IP Ports .................................................................................... 125

Table 38 Policy ......................................................................................................129

List of Tables 25

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Table 39 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................... 130

Table 40 Physical Queue Priority ........................................................................... 133

Table 41 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 135

Table 42 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................... 138

Table 43 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ................................ 139

Table 44 802.1Q Frame ......................................................................................... 139

Table 45 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................ 140

Table 46 Multicast: Status ...................................................................................... 144

Table 47 Multicast: Setting ..................................................................................... 145

Table 48 Multicast: Setting: IGMP Filtering Profile ................................................ 147

Table 49 Multicast: Setting: MVR ........................................................................... 150

Table 50 Multicast: Setting: MVR: Group Configuration ........................................ 151

Table 51 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 155

Table 52 RIP ..........................................................................................................158

Table 53 OSPF vs. RIP .......................................................................................... 159

Table 54 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................... 159

Table 55 OSPF Status ...........................................................................................161

Table 56 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................... 162

Table 57 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................... 163

Table 58 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................ 164

Table 59 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ..................................................... 165

Table 60 OSPF Interface ....................................................................................... 166

Table 61 OSPF Virtual Link ....................................................................................168

Table 62 IGMP ....................................................................................................... 171

Table 63 DVMRP ................................................................................................... 175

Table 64 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ................................................................ 176

Table 65 IP Multicast .............................................................................................178

Table 66 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 180

Table 67 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 181

Table 68 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 182

Table 69 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ................................................................... 184

Table 70 DHCP: Server ......................................................................................... 185

Table 71 DHCP: Relay ........................................................................................... 187

Table 72 VRRP Status ...........................................................................................190

Table 73 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ...........................................................192

Table 74 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ................................................193

Table 75 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ...................................................194

Table 76 Filename Conventions ............................................................................202

Table 77 Access Control Overview ........................................................................ 205

Table 78 SNMP Commands ..................................................................................207

Table 79 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 207

Table 80 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 208

Table 81 Access Control: Logins ...........................................................................209

26 List of Tables

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Table 82 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 216

Table 83 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 217

Table 84 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 219

Table 85 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .......................................221

Table 86 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................... 222

Table 87 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 224

Table 88 Clustering Management Configuration ...................................................225

Table 89 MAC Table ..............................................................................................228

Table 90 IP Table ................................................................................................... 230

Table 91 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 232

Table 92 Routing Table Status ...............................................................................233

Table 93 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 241

Table 94 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 242

Table 95 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 246

Table 96 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 260

Table 97 interface route-domain Commands ......................................................... 263

Table 98 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 264

Table 99 Command Summary: mvr Commands .................................................... 265

Table 100 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ........................................297

Table 101 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................. 297

Table 102 Troubleshooting the Password .............................................................. 305

Table 103 General Product Specifications .............................................................307

Table 104 Management Specifications .................................................................. 308

Table 105 Physical and Environmental Specifications ...........................................309

Table 106 Classes of IP Addresses ....................................................................... 311

Table 107 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ....................................................312

Table 108 “Natural” Masks .................................................................................... 312

Table 109 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .........................................................313

Table 110 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................... 313

Table 111 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................314

Table 112 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 314

Table 113 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 315

Table 114 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 315

Table 115 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................ 315

Table 116 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................ 316

Table 117 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................ 316

Table 118 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 316

Table 119 Class B Subnet Planning .......................................................................317

List of Tables 27

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

28 List of Tables

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the GS-4012F/4024 Ethernet Switch.

This preface introduces you to the GS-4012F/4024 Ethernet Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.

There are two GS-4012F models. The GS-4012F DC model requires DC power supply input
of -48 VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max. The GS-4012F AC model requires 100~240VAC/1.5A
power.

About This User's Guide

This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
GS-4012F/4024 for its various applications.

Related Documentation

• Web Configurator Online Help

Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.

• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site

Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.

Syntax Conventions

• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.

• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;

• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon,
Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your
mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem.

• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.

• The GS-4012F/4024 Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the switch” in this User’s
Guide.

[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.

[ENTER] means the Enter, or

Preface 29

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Graphics Icons Key

GS-4012F/4024 Computer Server

Computer DSLAM Gateway

Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch

User Guide Feedback

Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to [e-mail] or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.

30 Preface

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.

1.1 Introduction

Your switch is a stand-alone layer-3 Gigabit Ethernet switch. By integrating router functions,
the switch performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to layer-2 switching.

The GS-4024 comes with 24 Gigabit Ethernet ports and four Gigabit/mini-GBIC ports

The GS-4012F comes with with 12 min-GBIC slots and four Gigabit/mini-GBIC ports. There
are two GS-4012F models. The GS-4012F DC model requires DC power supply input of -48
VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max. The GS-4012F AC model requires 100~240VAC/1.5A power.

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 1

With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.

1.2 Software Features

This section describes the general software features of the switch.

IP Routing Domain

An IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a physical port.
Configure an IP routing domain to allow the switch to route traffic between different
networks.

DHCP

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the switch provides the
TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you disable the DHCP service, you must have another
DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

VLAN

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

VLAN Stacking

Use VLAN stacking to add an outer VLAN tag to the inner IEEE 802.1Q tagged frames that
enter the network. By tagging the tagged frames (“double-tagged” frames), the service
provider can manage up to 4,094 VLAN groups with each group containing up to 4,094
customer VLANs. This allows a service provider to provide different service, based on
specific VLANs, for many different customers.

Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.

Classifier and Policy

You can create a policy to define actions to be performed on a traffic flow grouped by a
classifier according to specific criteria such as the IP address, port number or protocol type,
etc..

Queuing

Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each
individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.

Port Mirroring

Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.

Static Route

Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.

32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

IGMP

IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.

IGMP Snooping

The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.

IP Multicast

With IP multicast, the switch delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not
everybody. In addition, the switch can send packets to Ethernet devices that are not VLAN­aware by untagging (removing the VLAN tags) IP multicast packets.

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to
be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network.

This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and simplifies multicast group management.

RIP

RIP (Routing Information Protocol allows a routing device to exchange routing information
with other routers.

OSPF

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state protocol designed to distribute routing
information within an autonomous system (AS). An autonomous system is a collection of
networks using a common routing protocol to exchange routing information. OSPF is best
suited for large networks.

DVMRP

DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is a protocol used for routing multicast
data within an autonomous system (AS). DVMRP provides multicast forwarding capability to
a layer 3 switch that runs both the IPv4 protocol (with IP Multicast support) and the IGMP
protocol.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

VRRP

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), defined in RFC 2338, allows you to create
redundant backup gateways to ensure that the default gateway of a host is always available.

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

Link Aggregation

Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.

Port Authentication and Security

For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.

Maintenance and Management Features

• Access Control

You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.

• Cluster Management

Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.

• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance

You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.

1.3 Hardware Features

This section describes the ports on the switch.

Mini-GBIC Slots

Install SPF transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.

34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Gigabit Ethernet Ports

The ports allow the switch to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other switches.

Management Port

Connect a computer to this port for management purposes. You cannot access the network
through this port.

Console Port

Use the console port for local management of the switch.

Backup Power Supply Port

Connect a backup power supply device to this port to ensure uninterrupted network connection
in the event of a power failure.

Fans

The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.

Power

The GS-4012F AC model and GS-4024 require 100~240VAC/1.5A power.The GS-4012F DC
model requires DC power supply input of -48 VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max.

1.4 Applications

This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.

1.4.1 Backbone Application

In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.

The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.

In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 1 Backbone Application

1.4.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server

and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.

Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.

Figure 2 Bridging Application

1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example

The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.

36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.

For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8, “VLAN,” on page 83.

1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example

Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 37

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application

1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example

Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.

Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example

38 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Hardware Installation and

This chapter shows you how to install the hardware and make port connections.

Note: Example graphics are shown.

2.1 Freestanding Installation

1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.

2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the

switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 2

Connection

3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the

attachment of cables and the power cord.

4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.

5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help

protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.

Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet

Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when

stacking.

For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 39

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

• Two mounting brackets.

• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.

2.2.1.1 Precautions

• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.

• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on

the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.

Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the switch.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the

switch.

4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the

rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.

40 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the rack.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 41

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

42 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Hardware Overview

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.

3.1 Front Panel Connection

The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.

Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-4024

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 3

Figure 10 Front Panel: GS-4012F

The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.

Table 1 Front Panel

PORT DESCRIPTION

100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports

Mini-GBIC
slots

Gigabit/mini­GBIC ports

MGMT Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the

CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line

Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.

Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to backbone
Ethernet switches (see Section 3.1.3 on page 44 for instructions).

Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.

Alternatively, use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to
backbone Ethernet switches.

switch.

interface (CLI) via the console port.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

3.1.1 Console Port

For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:

• VT100 terminal emulation

• 9600 bps

• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit

• No flow control

Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.

3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports

The GS-4024 has 24 100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit Ethernet ports.
In 10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the
duplex mode can be half duplex (for 100 Mbps) or full duplex.

An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed and duplex
mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.

An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings

The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:

• Speed: Auto

• Duplex: Auto

• Flow control: on

3.1.3 SFP Slots

The GS-4012F comes with 12 SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) slots for mini-GBIC
(Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a
transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with transceivers. You must use
transceivers that comply with the SFP transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the
SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.

The switch has four pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have
priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding
Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.

You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.

44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

• Type: SFP connection interface

• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)

Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do NOT look into an operating fiber-optic module’s

connectors.

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation

Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.

Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.

3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that

it is functioning properly.

Figure 12 Installed Transceiver

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal

Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example

2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.

Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example

3.2 Rear Panel

The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains the ventilation
holes, a connector for external backup power supply (BPS), the power receptacle and the
power switch (for DC model).

The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains a connector
for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.

46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

Figure 15 Rear Panel: GS-4012F/4024

Figure 16 Read Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model)

3.2.1 Power Connector

Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.

The GS-4012F DC unit requires DC power supply input of –48 VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a power
outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector

The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.

3.3 Front Panel LEDs

The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.

Table 2 Front Panel LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.

On The backup power supply is connected and active.

Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.

PWR Green On The system is turned on.

Off The system is off.

SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.

On The system is on and functioning properly.

Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 47

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued)

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.

Gigabit Ethernet Ports

1000 Green Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.

100 Amber Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.

Mini-GBIC (SFP) Slots

LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.

ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.

MGMT Port

10 Green On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

100 Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The system is functioning normally.

On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up when the 100 LED is
on.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port or the port is

transmitting at 100 Mbps.

On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up when the 1000 LED
is on.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port or the port is

transmitting at 1000 Mbps.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.

Off The port is not sending or receiving data.

Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. at 10 Mbps.

Off The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. at 100 Mbps.

Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

48 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.

4.1 Introduction

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.

• JavaScript (enabled by default).

• Java permissions (enabled by default).

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 4

The Web Configurator

Note: Web configurator screens are similar for the switch models described in this

guide. GS-4012F screens are shown.

4.2 System Login

1 Start your web browser.

2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in

the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].

3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default

password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Figure 17 Web Configurator: Login

4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.

The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.

Figure 18 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)

50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

BASIC SETTING

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51

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The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.

Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details

BASIC SETTING

System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

VLAN

VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting

Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol

Status

Spanning Tree

Protocol Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation

Link Aggregation

Protocol Status

Link Aggregation
Port Authentication

RADIUS

802.1x

Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast

IGMP Filtering Profile

MVR

Group Configuration

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Static Routing
RIP
OSPF Status

OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface

OSPF Virtual Link
IGMP
DVMRP
IP Multicast
DiffServ

DSCP Setting
DHCP Server Status

DHCP Server

DHCP Relay
VRRP

Status
VRRP Configuration

Maintenance

Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Reboot System

Access Control

SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control

Remote Management

Cluster Management Status

Cluster Management

Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table

The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links

LINK DESCRIPTION

Basic Settings

System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware

monitoring information.

General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification

Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such

52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

information about the switch.

as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority queues.

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet

mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.

Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch

ports.

Advanced Application

VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN

(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).

Static MAC
Forwarding

Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.

Spanning Tree
Protocol

Bandwidth
Control

Broadcast Storm
Control

Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to

Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to

Port
Authentication

Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and

Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to group packets

Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to perform

Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated

VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.

Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features

IP Application

Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route

RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing

OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure

IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.

This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).

This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.

another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference

form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.

set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.

based on the specified criteria.

special treatment on the grouped packets.

queue weights for each port.

and create multicast VLANs.

defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.

Information Protocol) direction and versions.

OSPF settings.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53

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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance

IP Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to remove VLAN

DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking

DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings.

VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for

Management

Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration

Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password

Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).

Cluster
Management

MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)

IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of

ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP

Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.

Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.

tags from IP multicast packets on an out-going port.

rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.

your network.

file maintenance as well as reboot the system.

and configure SNMP and remote management.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.

of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

address resolution table.

4.3.1 Change Your Password

After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.

54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

Figure 19 Change Administrator Login Password

4.4 Switch Lockout

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Note: You cannot log into the switch using the same administrator account

concurrently on different IP routing domains.

You could lock yourself (and all others) out from the switch by:

1 Deleting all IP routing domains.

2 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the

management port of the switch.

3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.

4 Disabling all ports.

5 Misconfiguring the text configuration file.

6 Forgetting the password and/or IP address.

7 Preventing all services from accessing the switch.

8 Changing a service port number but forgetting it.

Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.

4.5 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory
defaults.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 55

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4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File

Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.

To upload the configuration file, do the following:

1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See

Section 3.1.1 on page 44 for details.

2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the

switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.

3 When you see the message “

seconds ...

4 Type

atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.

5 Wait for the “

” press any key to enter debug mode.

Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM

Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3

upload on your terminal.

6 After a configuration file upload, type

Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port

Bootbase Version: V1.0 | 11/26/2004 15:56:35
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.60(LL.0)b2 | 01/18/2005 00:39:28
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.

....................

Enter Debug Mode
GS-4012F> atlc

Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..

................................................................

OK
GS-4012F> atgo

atgo to restart the switch.

The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.

4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.

56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen

4.7 Help

The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.

Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 57

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

58 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.

5.1 Overview

The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:

• Configure an IP interface

• Configure DHCP server settings

• Create a VLAN

• Set port VLAN ID

• Enable RIP

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 5

Initial Setup Example

5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface

On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of

255.255.255.0.

In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface

1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make sure

your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 59

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in

the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 49 for more
information.

3 Click Basic Setting and IP

Setup in the navigation panel.

4 Configure the related fields in the

IP Setup screen.

For the Sales network, enter

192.168.2.1 as the IP address and

255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.

5 In the VID field, enter the ID of

the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.

6 Click Add.

5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings

You can set the switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server, etc.)
to DHCP clients on the network.

For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.

1 In the web configurator, click IP

Application and DHCP in the

navigation panel and click the
Server link.

2 In the DHCP Server screen,

specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).

3 Click Add to save the settings.

60 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

5.1.3 Creating a VLAN

VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.

In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.

Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN

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1 Click Advanced

Application and VLAN in

the navigation panel and
click the Static VLAN link.

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2 In the Static VLAN screen,

select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the Sales
network.

Note: The VLAN Group ID field in

this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.

3 Since the Sales network is

connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 10 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.

4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware

devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.

5 Click Add to save the settings.

5.1.4 Setting Port VID

Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.

In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.

Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID

62 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

1 Click Advanced

Applications and VLAN

in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.

2 Enter 2 in the PVID field

for port 10 and click
Apply to save the
settings.

5.1.5 Enabling RIP

To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.

2 Select Both in the Direction field

to set the switch to broadcast and
receive routing information.

3 In the Ver si on field, select RIP-1

for the RIP packet format that is
universally supported.

4 Click Apply to save the settings.

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64 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.

6.1 Overview

The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.

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CHAPTER 6

System Status and Port

Statistics

6.2 Port Status Summary

To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.

Figure 25 Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 65

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Table 6 Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was

Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details

Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M

State This field displays the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) state of the port. See the

LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has

Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change

Stop Click Stop to halt system statistic polling.

Clear Counter Select a port from the Port drop-down list box and then click Clear Counter to erase

started.

screen (refer to Figure 26 on page 67).

for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows
the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports.

chapter on STP for details on STP states.

enabled on the port.

been up.

the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.

the recorded statistical information for that port.

6.2.1 Port Details

Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.

66 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

Figure 26 Status: Port Details

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 7 Status: Port Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port Info

Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for

Status This field shows the training state of the ports. The states are FORWARDING

LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 67

1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).

(forwarding), which means the link is functioning normally or STOP (the port is stopped
to break a loop or duplicate path).

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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.

Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.

TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

transmitted.

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.

Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.

Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.

RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.

Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags received.

Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC

TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.

Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited

Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was inhibited

Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.

Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the

Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in

RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)

Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.

Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64

Distribution

64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64

65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

received.

error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.

by exactly one collision.

by more than one collision.

Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.

packets have already been transmitted.

error.

error(s).

octets), including the ones with CRC errors.

octets in length.

between 65 and 127 octets in length.

between 128 and 255 octets in length.

68 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 256 and 511 octets in length.

512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 512 and 1023 octets in length.

1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.

Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the

maximum frame size.

Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change

Stop Click Stop to stop port statistic polling.

the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 69

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70 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.

7.1 Overview

The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.

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CHAPTER 7

Basic Setting

7.2 System Information

In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.

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Figure 27 System Info

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 8 System Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.

ZyNOS F/W
Version

Ethernet
Address

Hardware Monitor

Temperature
Unit

Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch

Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.

MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.

MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.

Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.

Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those

This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.

This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.

The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.

printed circuit board.

above.

72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 8 System Info (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

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Fan Speed
(RPM)

Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).

MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.

Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error

Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and

Current This is the current voltage reading.

MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.

MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.

Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the switch still

Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this point;

Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change

Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.

A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.

(RPM).

(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).

indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.

reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.

works.

otherwise Error is displayed.

the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set

Interval.

7.3 General Setup

Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 73

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Figure 28 General Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 9 General Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to

Location Enter the geographic location (up to 30 characters) of your switch.

Contact Person's
Name

Login
Precedence

32 printable characters; spaces are allowed.

Enter the name (up to 30 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.

Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).

Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.

Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.

Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.

Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username and password.

74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 9 General Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

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Use Time Server
when Bootup

Time Server IP
Address

Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).

New Time
(hh:min:ss)

Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.

New Date (yyyy­mm-dd)

Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly

Apply Click Apply to save the settings.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Enter the time service protocol that a timeserver sends when you turn on the switch.
Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.

When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.

Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.

NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the

switch, the time and date will be reset to 2000-1-1 0:0.

Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.

Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.

Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.

known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.

7.4 Introduction to VLANs

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.

VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.

Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.

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See Chapter 8 on page 83 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

7.5 IGMP Snooping

A switch can passively snoop on IGMP Query, Report and Leave (IGMP version 2) packets
transferred between IP multicast routers/switches and IP multicast hosts to learn the IP
multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group
registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the
switch to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them.

The switch forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups (that it has learned from
IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured) to ports that are members of that
group. The switch discards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups that it does not
know. IGMP snooping generates no additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.

7.6 Switch Setup Screen

Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port

Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.

Figure 29 Switch Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen

76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

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.

Table 10 Switch Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on

whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 83 for more information.

Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency

MAC Address
Learning

Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC

GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.

Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each

Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.

Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in

Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that

contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.

The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.

Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).

Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.

Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the

Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.

Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems

Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include

Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.

Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that

Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.

MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.

addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).

port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background
information.

Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer.

milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.

variations in delay).

Network Architecture) transactions.

important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.

are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.

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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.

Apply Click Apply to save the settings.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

7.7 IP Setup

Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.

7.7.1 IP Interfaces

The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

On the switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.

You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.

78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Figure 30 IP Setup

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Tabl e 11 IP Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Default
Gateway

Domain Name
Server

Default
Management

Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.

IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your switch in dotted decimal

IP Subnet
Mask

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.

DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.

Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.

Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.

Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive these
packets.

notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.

Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example

255.255.255.0.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 79

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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Default
Gateway

Apply Click Apply to save the settings.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the switch.

IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example

IP Subnet
Mask

VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.

Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Index This field displays the index number of an entry.

IP Address This field displays IP address of the switch in the IP domain.

Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the switch in the IP domain.

VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the switch.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254

192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the switch in an IP routing domain.

Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.

the bottom of the screen.

Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out from the switch.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

7.8 Port Setup

Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration
screen.

80 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Figure 31 Port Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 12 Port Setup

GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port This is the port index number.

Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A

port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.

Name Enter a descriptive name (up to nine printable characters) that identifies this port.

Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for the Gigabit Ethernet/ mini-GBIC ports or 1000M

for the mini-GBIC ports.

Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the connection on this port. Choices are

Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer

Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex
and 1000M/Full Duplex.

Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.

memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.

The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and back pressure flow
control in half duplex mode.

IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.

Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.

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Table 12 Port Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

802.1P Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.

BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging

Apply Click Apply to save the settings.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 77 for more information.

control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tun nel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.

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CHAPTER 8

The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs

A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).

VLAN

The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.

TPID
2 Bytes

User Priority
3 Bits

CFI
1 Bit

VLAN ID
12 bits

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames

VLAN group ID (or VID) is a unique number than identifies a VLAN. A port VID (PVID) is
the VID associated to a physical port. A PVID defines the VLAN group to which a port
belongs.

Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.

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The egress (outgoing) port(s) of a frame is determined on the combination of the destination
MAC address and the VID of the frame. For a unicast frame, the egress port (based on the
destination MAC address) must be a member of the VID, also; otherwise, the frame is
blocked. A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the
system) is duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port
itself), thus confining the broadcast to a specific domain.

Whether to tag an outgoing frame depends on the setting of the egress port on an individual
VLAN and port basis (remember that a port can belong to multiple VLANs). If the tagging on
the egress port is enabled for the VID of a frame, then the frame is transmitted as a tagged
frame; otherwise, it is transmitted as an untagged frame.

8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration

GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.

8.2.1 GARP

GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de­register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers

Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.

8.2.2 GVRP

GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.

Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology

VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.

Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/

84 Chapter 8 VLAN

deregistration process.

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)

VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION

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VLAN Administrative
Control

VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing

VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that

Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.

Registration
Forbidden

Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.

Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing

Acceptable frame
type

Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking

Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.

Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.

frames transmitted.

frames transmitted.

this port received.

You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.

that do not have this port as a member

Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).

Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking

8.4 Select the VLAN Type

Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.

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Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type

8.5 Static VLAN

Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be

• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.

• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.

• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.

You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status

Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.

Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

86 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

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The Number of
VLAN

Index This is the VLAN index number.

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the VLAN Setup

Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamically using GVRP or

Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change

Stop Click Stop to halt polling statistics.

Change Pages Click Previous Page or Next Page to show the previous/next screen if all status

This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.

screen.

marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.

VLAN was set up.

statically, that is, added as a permanent entry.

the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.

information cannot be seen in one screen.

8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN

To configure a static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen as shown next.

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Figure 35 VLAN: Static VLAN

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.

Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 12 printable ASCII characters) for the VLAN group

VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this VLAN group; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.

Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.

Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is

Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames (that were

Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the

Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.

for identification purposes.

the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.

previously untagged) transmitted with this VLAN Group ID.

VLAN settings.

88 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings

To configure the VLAN settings on a port, click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN
Status screen.

Figure 36 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION

GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a

Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management

Port This field displays the port number.

Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering.

Chapter 8 VLAN 89

way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.

Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.

port but not communicate with each other. All incoming ports are selected while
only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting but also the
most secure.

Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.

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Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

PVID Specify the VLAN group ID (or VID) that will be added to untagged packets on the

GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.

Acceptable Frame
Type

VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not

Apply Click Apply to save the changes

Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.

port. For example, if port 10’s PVID is 2, then all untagged traffic on port 10 will
belong to (and be sent to) VLAN 2.

Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.

Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag On ly.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on

this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will

be dropped.

ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.

8.6 Port-based VLANs

Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.

Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.

Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.

Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.

You cannot change it.

In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.

The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.

8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN

Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the next screen.

90 Chapter 8 VLAN

Figure 37 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)

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Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

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]

Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.

All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no

virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.

Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.

After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.

Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through

which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.

Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.

which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.

92 Chapter 8 VLAN

Static MAC Forward Setup

Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.

9.1 Overview

A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.

Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 119 for more information
on port security.

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CHAPTER 9

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding

Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen to view the
summary table for the settings.

Figure 39 Static MAC Forwarding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup 93

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Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule

Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification

MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Port Select a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be

Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Index Click an index number to modify the settings.

Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule.

MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification

Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

without deleting it by clearing this check box.

purposes for this rule.

character pairs.

Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.

automatically forwarded.

not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.

number to which the MAC address belongs.

forwarded.

94 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup

This chapter discusses static MAC address filtering.

10.1 Overview

Filtering means sifting traffic going through the switch based on the source and/or destination
MAC addresses and VLAN group (ID).

10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule

Click Advanced Application, Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown
next. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen to view the summary table for the settings.

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CHAPTER 10

Filtering

Figure 40 Filtering

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 19 FIltering

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate

a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.

Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for

identification purpose only.

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Table 19 FIltering (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Action Select Discard source to drop frame from the source MAC address (specified in the

MAC field). The switch can still send frames to the MAC address.

Select Discard destination to drop frames to the destination MAC address (specified in
the MAC field). The switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC address.

Select Discard source and Discard destination to block traffic to/from the MAC
address specified in the MAC field.

MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character

pairs.

VID Type the VLAN group identification number.

Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the

bottom of the screen.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.

Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the

settings.

Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose

only.

MAC
Address

Action This field displays the filter action.

Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.

This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification
number to which the MAC address belongs.

Delete button.

96 Chapter 10 Filtering

Spanning Tree Protocol

This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP).

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

The switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STP­only aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.

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CHAPTER 11

Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.

11.1.1 STP Terminology

The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).

Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.

Table 20 STP Path Costs

LINK SPEED

Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535

Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535

Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535

Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535

Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535

Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535

RECOMMENDED
VALUE

RECOMMENDED
RANGE

ALLOWED
RANGE

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On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.

For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.

11.1.2 How STP Works

After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.

STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.

Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.

11.1.3 STP Port States

STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.

Table 21 STP Port States

PORT STATE DESCRIPTION

Disabled STP is disabled (default).

Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.

Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.

Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the

learning process but not forwarded.

Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and

forwarded.

11.2 STP Status

Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next.

98 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol

Figure 41 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Spanning Tree
Protocol

Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 11.2.1 on page

Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this

Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC

Hello Time
(second)

Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a

Forwarding Delay
(second)

Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.

Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch

Topology Changed
Times

Time Since Last
Change

This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.

100.

switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.

address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.

This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and

Forwarding Delay

configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.

This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).

must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.

This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.

This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.

Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 99