ZyXEL Communications GS-4012 User Manual
GS-4012F/4024
Intelligent Layer 3+ Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.8
4/2007
Edition 1
DEFAULT LOGIN
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ES-4124 using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains
information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The GS-4024 and GS-4012F models may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the
“system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
4
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
5
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of
fuse.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.
6
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
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Safety Warnings
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction and Hardware ...................................................................................................35
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 37
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 41
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 45
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................53
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 55
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 65
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................71
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 77
Advanced ................................................................................................................................89
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Static MAC Forward Setup ...................................................................................................... 105
Filtering .................................................................................................................................... 107
Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................... 109
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................... 127
Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................... 129
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................. 131
Link Aggregation ...................................................................................................................... 133
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 141
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 147
Classifier .................................................................................................................................. 151
Policy Rule .............................................................................................................................. 157
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 163
VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................................................... 165
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 171
Authentication & Accounting ....................................................................................................185
IP Source Guard ...................................................................................................................... 199
Loop Guard .............................................................................................................................. 219
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 223
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 225
RIP .......................................................................................................................................... 227
OSPF ....................................................................................................................................... 229
IGMP ....................................................................................................................................... 241
DVMRP .................................................................................................................................... 245
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Contents Overview
IP Multicast .............................................................................................................................. 249
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 251
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 259
VRRP ....................................................................................................................................... 267
Management, CLI, Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 277
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 279
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 285
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 303
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 305
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 309
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 315
IP Table .................................................................................................................................... 317
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 319
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................... 321
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 323
Introducing Commands ..........................................................................................................325
User and Enable Mode Commands ........................................................................................ 377
Configuration Mode Commands .............................................................................................. 383
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................... 395
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ................................................................................. 403
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands .................................................................................411
Routing Domain Command Examples .................................................................................... 413
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 415
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 423
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 25
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................31
Part I: Introduction and Hardware ........................................................ 35
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................37
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 37
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 37
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 38
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 38
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 39
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................41
2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 41
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 42
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 42
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 42
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 43
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 45
3.1 Front Panel Connection ...................................................................................................... 45
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................................. 46
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................... 46
3.1.3 SFP Slots .................................................................................................................. 47
3.2 Rear Panel .......................................................................................................................... 48
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3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 49
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................................... 49
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 50
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 53
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................55
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 55
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 55
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 56
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 61
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 61
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 61
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 62
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................................... 62
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 63
4.8 Help ................................................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................65
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 65
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ........................................................................................ 65
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings ............................................................................ 66
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 67
5.1.4 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................68
5.1.5 Enabling RIP .............................................................................................................. 69
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................71
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 71
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 71
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................72
Chapter 7
Basic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 77
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 77
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 77
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 79
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ........................................................................................................ 81
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 81
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7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 83
7.6.1 IP Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 83
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................................... 85
Part III: Advanced................................................................................... 89
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 91
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 91
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 91
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................................ 92
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 92
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 92
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................................... 93
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 93
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 93
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status .................................................................................................... 94
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................................... 94
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 95
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 96
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs ......................................................................................................... 98
8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN ...................................................................................... 99
8.8 Port-based VLAN Setup ............................................................................................... 100
8.8.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................. 101
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup................................................................................................... 105
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 105
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................. 105
Chapter 10
Filtering..................................................................................................................................107
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................................107
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................109
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ..................................................................................................... 109
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................................... 109
11.1.2 How STP Works .....................................................................................................110
11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................................... 111
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP .......................................................................................................111
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11.1.5 Multiple STP ............................................................................................................112
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen .............................................................................114
11.3 Spanning Tree Configuration ...........................................................................................115
11.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................116
11.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .........................................................................117
11.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .........................................................119
11.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................... 120
11.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 122
11.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status ..................................................................... 124
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................127
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ......................................................................................... 127
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ........................................................................................................... 127
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................. 127
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .....................................................................................................129
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ...................................................................................... 129
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 131
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ....................................................................................................... 131
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................................133
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ............................................................................................. 133
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ............................................................................................. 133
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................................... 134
15.3 Link Aggregation Status ..................................................................................................134
15.4 Link Aggregation Setting ............................................................................................... 135
15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol ................................................................................ 136
15.6 Static Trunking Example .................................................................................................. 138
Chapter 16
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 141
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................................ 141
16.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 141
16.1.2 MAC Authentication ............................................................................................... 142
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 143
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 143
16.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication ................................................................................. 144
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Chapter 17
Port Security.......................................................................................................................... 147
17.1 About Port Security ......................................................................................................... 147
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 147
Chapter 18
Classifier................................................................................................................................151
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .......................................................................................... 151
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ...............................................................................................151
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 154
18.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 155
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................ 157
19.1 Policy Rules Overview ....................................................................................................157
19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................. 157
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................. 157
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 158
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 160
19.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 161
Chapter 20
Queuing Method.................................................................................................................... 163
20.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 163
20.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing .......................................................................................... 163
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 163
20.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 164
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................................................... 165
21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ................................................................................................ 165
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ........................................................................................ 165
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................................... 166
21.3 VLAN Tag Format ............................................................................................................ 167
21.3.1 Frame Format ........................................................................................................ 167
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................................. 168
Chapter 22
Multicast ................................................................................................................................ 171
22.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 171
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 171
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 171
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 171
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22.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 172
22.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 172
22.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................................. 172
22.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN .................................................................................................... 174
22.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 176
22.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 177
22.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 177
22.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 178
22.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 178
22.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 178
22.8 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 180
22.8.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 181
Chapter 23
Authentication & Accounting .............................................................................................. 185
23.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ............................................................... 185
23.1.1 Local User Accounts .............................................................................................. 185
23.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ........................................................................................ 186
23.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens .......................................................................... 186
23.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 186
23.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 188
23.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup ................................................................ 190
23.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 193
23.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 194
23.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication .......................................................................... 195
23.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 195
Chapter 24
IP Source Guard....................................................................................................................199
24.1 IP Source Guard Overview .............................................................................................. 199
24.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview ..................................................................................... 199
24.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 201
24.2 IP Source Guard .............................................................................................................. 203
24.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding ....................................................................................... 203
24.4 DHCP Snooping .............................................................................................................. 205
24.5 DHCP Snooping Configure .............................................................................................. 208
24.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ............................................................................. 209
24.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure ...........................................................................211
24.6 ARP Inspection Status .....................................................................................................212
24.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................. 212
24.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................... 213
24.7 ARP Inspection Configure ............................................................................................... 215
24.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................. 216
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24.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................... 217
Chapter 25
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................ 219
25.1 Loop Guard Overview ..................................................................................................... 219
25.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 221
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 223
Chapter 26
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 225
26.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 225
Chapter 27
RIP .........................................................................................................................................227
27.1 RIP Overview ................................................................................................................... 227
27.2 Configuring RIP .............................................................................................................. 227
Chapter 28
OSPF ...................................................................................................................................... 229
28.1 OSPF Overview .............................................................................................................. 229
28.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas ................................................................ 229
28.1.2 How OSPF Works .................................................................................................. 230
28.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................................... 230
28.1.4 OSPF and Router Elections ................................................................................... 230
28.1.5 Configuring OSPF ................................................................................................. 231
28.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................................. 231
28.3 OSPF Configuration ......................................................................................................233
28.4 Configure OSPF Areas ................................................................................................... 235
28.4.1 View OSPF Area Information Table ....................................................................... 236
28.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ........................................................................................ 236
28.6 OSPF Virtual-Links ....................................................................................................... 238
Chapter 29
IGMP.......................................................................................................................................241
29.1 IGMP Overview ............................................................................................................... 241
29.1.1 How IGMP Works ................................................................................................... 242
29.2 Port-based IGMP ............................................................................................................. 243
29.3 Configuring IGMP ............................................................................................................ 243
Chapter 30
DVMRP ................................................................................................................................... 245
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30.1 DVMRP Overview ............................................................................................................245
30.2 How DVMRP Works ........................................................................................................ 245
30.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ............................................................................................. 246
30.3 Configuring DVMRP ....................................................................................................... 246
30.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages ................................................................ 247
30.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ........................................................................................ 248
Chapter 31
IP Multicast ............................................................................................................................ 249
31.1 IP Multicast Overview ...................................................................................................... 249
31.2 Configuring Multicast ....................................................................................................... 249
Chapter 32
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................251
32.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................................... 251
32.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 251
32.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 252
32.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing ................................................................. 252
32.2.1 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode .................................................................................... 253
32.2.2 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode .................................................................................. 253
32.3 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 254
32.3.1 Configuring 2-Rate 3 Color Marker Settings ......................................................... 254
32.4 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ...................................................................... 256
32.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................................... 256
Chapter 33
DHCP...................................................................................................................................... 259
33.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 259
33.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................ 259
33.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 259
33.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 260
33.3 DHCP Server Status Detail ............................................................................................. 260
33.4 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................... 261
33.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 261
33.4.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 262
33.4.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 263
33.5 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 264
33.5.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 266
Chapter 34
VRRP ......................................................................................................................................267
34.1 VRRP Overview .............................................................................................................. 267
34.2 VRRP Status .................................................................................................................. 268
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34.3 VRRP Configuration .......................................................................................................269
34.3.1 IP Interface Setup ................................................................................................. 269
34.3.2 VRRP Parameters ................................................................................................. 270
34.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................................. 271
34.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ........................................................................................ 272
34.5 VRRP Configuration Examples ...................................................................................... 272
34.5.1 One Subnet Network Example .............................................................................. 272
34.5.2 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................................... 274
Part V: Management, CLI, Troubleshooting...................................... 277
Chapter 35
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 279
35.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................................. 279
35.2 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 280
35.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 280
35.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 281
35.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 281
35.6 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 282
35.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 282
35.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 283
35.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 283
35.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 283
35.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 284
35.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 284
Chapter 36
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 285
36.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 285
36.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 285
36.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 286
36.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 287
36.3.2 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 287
36.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 287
36.3.4 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................ 291
36.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ........................................................................... 293
36.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 294
36.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 296
36.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 296
36.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 297
36.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 297
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36.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................297
36.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 298
36.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 298
36.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 299
36.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 299
36.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 300
36.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 301
Chapter 37
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 303
37.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 303
Chapter 38
Syslog .................................................................................................................................... 305
38.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 305
38.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 305
38.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 306
Chapter 39
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................309
39.1 Cluster Management Status Overview ........................................................................... 309
39.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 310
39.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ....................................................................311
39.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 312
Chapter 40
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................315
40.1 MAC Table Overview ...................................................................................................... 315
40.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................................... 316
Chapter 41
IP Table ..................................................................................................................................317
41.1 IP Table Overview ........................................................................................................... 317
41.2 Viewing the IP Table ........................................................................................................ 318
Chapter 42
ARP Table ..............................................................................................................................319
42.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................319
42.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 319
42.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 319
Chapter 43
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................321
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43.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 321
43.2 Viewing the Routing Table .............................................................................................. 321
Chapter 44
Configure Clone.................................................................................................................... 323
44.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 323
Chapter 45
Introducing Commands.......................................................................................................325
45.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 325
45.2 Accessing the CLI ............................................................................................................ 325
45.2.1 The Console Port ................................................................................................... 325
45.3 The Login Screen ........................................................................................................... 326
45.4 Command Syntax Conventions ....................................................................................... 326
45.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................................. 327
45.6 Creating a New IP Interface ............................................................................................ 327
45.7 Privilege Levels ............................................................................................................... 328
45.8 Command Modes ............................................................................................................ 328
45.9 Getting Help ..................................................................................................................... 329
45.9.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................................... 330
45.10 Using Command History ................................................................................................ 331
45.11 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................................. 331
45.11.1 Switch Configuration File ...................................................................................... 332
45.11.2 Logging Out .......................................................................................................... 332
45.12 Command Summary ...................................................................................................... 332
45.12.1 User Mode ............................................................................................................ 333
45.12.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................................ 334
45.12.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................................ 343
45.12.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................................... 368
45.12.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................................... 373
45.12.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................................ 375
45.13 mvr Commands .............................................................................................................376
Chapter 46
User and Enable Mode Commands..................................................................................... 377
46.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 377
46.2 show Commands .............................................................................................................377
46.2.1 show system-information ...................................................................................... 377
46.2.2 show ip ................................................................................................................... 378
46.2.3 show logging ......................................................................................................... 378
46.2.4 show interface ....................................................................................................... 378
46.2.5 show mac address-table ....................................................................................... 379
46.3 ping ................................................................................................................................. 380
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46.4 traceroute ........................................................................................................................ 380
46.5 Copy Port Attributes ........................................................................................................ 381
46.6 Configuration File Maintenance ...................................................................................... 381
46.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ....................................................................... 382
46.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ............................................................................. 382
Chapter 47
Configuration Mode Commands .........................................................................................383
47.1 Change the Out of Band Management IP Address ......................................................... 383
47.2 Enabling IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 383
47.3 Configure IGMP Filter ...................................................................................................... 384
47.4 Enabling STP ................................................................................................................... 385
47.5 no Command Examples .................................................................................................. 387
47.5.1 Disable Commands ............................................................................................... 387
47.5.2 Resetting Commands ............................................................................................. 387
47.5.3 Re-enable commands ............................................................................................ 387
47.5.4 Other Examples of no Commands ......................................................................... 388
47.6 Static Route Commands .................................................................................................. 390
47.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ....................................................................................................390
47.8 Enabling Trunking ............................................................................................................ 391
47.9 Enabling Port Authentication ........................................................................................... 392
47.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings ........................................................................................ 392
47.9.2 Port Authentication Settings ................................................................................... 393
Chapter 48
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................395
48.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 395
48.2 Interface Command Examples ........................................................................................ 395
48.2.1 interface port-channel ........................................................................................... 395
48.2.2 bpdu-control .......................................................................................................... 395
48.2.3 broadcast-limit ....................................................................................................... 396
48.2.4 bandwidth-limit ...................................................................................................... 396
48.2.5 mirror ..................................................................................................................... 397
48.2.6 gvrp ....................................................................................................................... 398
48.2.7 ingress-check ........................................................................................................ 398
48.2.8 frame-type .............................................................................................................398
48.2.9 weight .................................................................................................................... 399
48.2.10 egress set ............................................................................................................399
48.2.11 qos priority ............................................................................................................ 400
48.2.12 name .................................................................................................................... 400
48.2.13 speed-duplex ........................................................................................................ 400
48.2.14 test ....................................................................................................................... 401
48.3 Interface no Command Examples ................................................................................... 401
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48.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................................. 401
Chapter 49
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands .............................................................................. 403
49.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................................... 403
49.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................................. 404
49.2.1 GARP Status .......................................................................................................... 404
49.2.2 GARP Timer .......................................................................................................... 404
49.2.3 GVRP Timer ........................................................................................................... 405
49.2.4 Enable GVRP ......................................................................................................... 405
49.2.5 Disable GVRP ........................................................................................................ 405
49.3 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................................... 405
49.3.1 Set Port VID .......................................................................................................... 405
49.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................................... 406
49.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ................................................................................ 406
49.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................................... 406
49.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ...................................................................................................... 408
49.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 408
49.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 408
49.6 Show VLAN Setting ........................................................................................................408
Chapter 50
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands........................................................................... 411
50.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................411
50.2 Create Multicast VLAN ...................................................................................................411
Chapter 51
Routing Domain Command Examples................................................................................ 413
51.0.1 interface route-domain ........................................................................................... 413
Chapter 52
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................415
52.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ..................................................................................... 415
52.2 Problems Accessing the Switch ...................................................................................... 415
52.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ........................................... 416
52.3 Problems with the Password ........................................................................................... 421
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 423
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................425
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................431
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Appendix C Common Services ............................................................................................441
Appendix D Legal Information ..............................................................................................445
Appendix E Customer Support .............................................................................................449
Index....................................................................................................................................... 453
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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 38
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................................................... 39
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 40
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................................................... 41
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 43
Front Panel: GS-4024 45
Front Panel: GS-4012F 45
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................................................... 47
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................................................ 48
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 48
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 48
Rear Panel: GS-4012F 49
Rear Panel: GS-4024 49
Rear Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model) 49
Rear Panel: GS-4024 (DC Model) 49
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................................................... 56
Figure 19 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 56
Figure 20 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................................................61
Figure 21 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................................................... 63
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 63
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................................................... 65
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 67
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 68
Figure 26 Status .................................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 27 Status > Port Details .............................................................................................................. 73
Figure 28 System Info ........................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 29 Basic Setting > General Setup .............................................................................................. 79
Figure 30 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................ 82
Figure 31 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 84
Figure 32 Basic Setting > Port Setup .................................................................................................... 86
Figure 33 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 93
Figure 34 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................................................... 93
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ........................................................................ 94
Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 94
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ...................................................................... 95
Figure 38 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................. 97
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List of Figures
Figure 39 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example ............................................................................ 98
Figure 40 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN ........................ 99
Figure 41 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ............................................................................ 101
Figure 42 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................................................. 102
Figure 43 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................. 105
Figure 44 Advanced Application > Filtering ......................................................................................... 107
Figure 45 MRSTP Network Example ....................................................................................................111
Figure 46 STP/RSTP Network Example ...............................................................................................112
Figure 47 MSTP Network Example ......................................................................................................113
Figure 48 MSTIs in Different Regions ..................................................................................................114
Figure 49 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example ........................................................................114
Figure 50 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................115
Figure 51 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration ........................................115
Figure 52 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ....................................................116
Figure 53 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ........................................118
Figure 54 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP .................................................119
Figure 55 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP .................................... 121
Figure 56 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................. 122
Figure 57 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ...................................... 125
Figure 58 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ........................................................................ 128
Figure 59 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control .............................................................. 129
Figure 60 Advanced Application > Mirroring ........................................................................................ 131
Figure 61 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ................................................................ 134
Figure 62 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ............................... 135
Figure 63 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .................. 137
Figure 64 Trunking Example - Physical Connections ........................................................................... 138
Figure 65 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen ............................................................................ 139
Figure 66 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process .................................................................................. 142
Figure 67 MAC Authentication Process .............................................................................................. 142
Figure 68 Advanced Application > Port Authentication ....................................................................... 143
Figure 69 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ........................................................ 143
Figure 70 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication ................................... 145
Figure 71 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................. 148
Figure 72 Advanced Application > Classifier ....................................................................................... 152
Figure 73 Advanced Application > Classifier: Summary Table ............................................................ 154
Figure 74 Classifier: Example .............................................................................................................. 156
Figure 75 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ................................................................................... 158
Figure 76 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table ......................................................... 160
Figure 77 Policy Example .................................................................................................................... 161
Figure 78 Queuing Method .................................................................................................................. 164
Figure 79 VLAN Stacking Example ..................................................................................................... 166
Figure 80 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking .............................................................................. 168
Figure 81 Advanced Application > Multicast ........................................................................................ 172
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List of Figures
Figure 82 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ......................................................... 173
Figure 83 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................. 175
Figure 84 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile ................... 176
Figure 85 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 177
Figure 86 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 178
Figure 87 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................. 179
Figure 88 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 181
Figure 89 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 182
Figure 90 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 182
Figure 91 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 182
Figure 92 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................................... 183
Figure 93 AAA Server ......................................................................................................................... 185
Figure 94 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct ............................................................................... 186
Figure 95 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ........................................ 187
Figure 96 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................... 189
Figure 97 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup .......................................... 191
Figure 98 DHCP Snooping Database File Format ............................................................................... 200
Figure 99 Example: Man-in-the-middle Attack ..................................................................................... 201
Figure 100 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................. 203
Figure 101 IP Source Guard Static Binding .......................................................................................... 204
Figure 102 DHCP Snooping ................................................................................................................. 205
Figure 103 DHCP Snooping Configure ................................................................................................ 208
Figure 104 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ......................................................................................... 210
Figure 105 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure .......................................................................................211
Figure 106 ARP Inspection Status ........................................................................................................ 212
Figure 107 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 213
Figure 108 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................. 214
Figure 109 ARP Inspection Configure .................................................................................................. 215
Figure 110 ARP Inspection Port Configure ........................................................................................... 216
Figure 111 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................................ 217
Figure 112 Loop Guard vs STP ............................................................................................................ 219
Figure 113 Switch in Loop State ........................................................................................................... 220
Figure 114 Loop Guard - Probe Packet ................................................................................................ 220
Figure 115 Loop Guard - Network Loop ............................................................................................... 220
Figure 116 Advanced Application > Loop Guard .................................................................................. 221
Figure 117 Static Routing .................................................................................................................... 225
Figure 118 RIP ..................................................................................................................................... 228
Figure 119 OSPF Network Example ..................................................................................................... 230
Figure 120 OSPF Router Election Example ......................................................................................... 231
Figure 121 OSPF Status ...................................................................................................................... 232
Figure 122 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ...................................................................................... 235
Figure 123 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ............................................................................... 236
Figure 124 OSPF Interface .................................................................................................................. 237
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List of Figures
Figure 125 OSPF Virtual Link .............................................................................................................. 238
Figure 126 IP Multicast ........................................................................................................................ 241
Figure 127 IGMP Version 1 Example .................................................................................................. 242
Figure 128 IGMP Version 2 Example .................................................................................................. 242
Figure 129 IGMP Version 3 Example .................................................................................................. 243
Figure 130 IP Application > IGMP ....................................................................................................... 243
Figure 131 How DVMRP Works .......................................................................................................... 246
Figure 132 DVMRP ............................................................................................................................. 246
Figure 133 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ..................................................................................... 247
Figure 134 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ............................................................................ 247
Figure 135 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ............................................................................. 247
Figure 136 IP Multicast ........................................................................................................................ 249
Figure 137 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................. 251
Figure 138 DiffServ Network ............................................................................................................... 252
Figure 139 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode ............................................................................................... 253
Figure 140 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode ............................................................................................. 253
Figure 141 IP Application > DiffServ .................................................................................................... 254
Figure 142 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker ............................................................. 255
Figure 143 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting ......................................................................... 256
Figure 144 IP Application > DHCP Status ........................................................................................... 260
Figure 145 IP Application > DHCP > DHCP Server Status Detail ....................................................... 260
Figure 146 IP Application > DHCP > Global ........................................................................................ 262
Figure 147 Global DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................................. 263
Figure 148 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................................................. 263
Figure 149 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ....................................................................................... 264
Figure 150 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs ............................................................................................. 266
Figure 151 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs Configuration Example ........................................................ 266
Figure 152 VRRP: Example 1 ............................................................................................................. 267
Figure 153 VRRP Status ..................................................................................................................... 268
Figure 154 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ...................................................................................... 269
Figure 155 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters .......................................................................... 271
Figure 156 VRRP Configuration: Summary ......................................................................................... 272
Figure 157 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network ............................................. 273
Figure 158 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ............................................... 273
Figure 159 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ............................................... 273
Figure 160 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ................................................................... 273
Figure 161 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ................................................................... 274
Figure 162 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ............................................. 274
Figure 163 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A ................................. 274
Figure 164 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B ................................. 275
Figure 165 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ................................................................... 275
Figure 166 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ................................................................... 275
Figure 167 Maintenance ..................................................................................................................... 279
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List of Figures
Figure 168 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................................ 280
Figure 169 Reboot System: Confirmation ........................................................................................... 281
Figure 170 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................ 281
Figure 171 Restore Configuration ....................................................................................................... 282
Figure 172 Backup Configuration ........................................................................................................ 282
Figure 173 Access Control .................................................................................................................. 285
Figure 174 SNMP Management Model .............................................................................................. 286
Figure 175 Access Control: SNMP ...................................................................................................... 292
Figure 176 Access Control: SNMP: Trap Group .................................................................................. 294
Figure 177 Access Control: Logins ...................................................................................................... 295
Figure 178 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................296
Figure 179 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 296
Figure 180 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 298
Figure 181 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 298
Figure 182 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 299
Figure 183 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 299
Figure 184 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................................................. 300
Figure 185 Access Control: Service Access Control ........................................................................... 300
Figure 186 Access Control: Remote Management .............................................................................. 301
Figure 187 Diagnostic .......................................................................................................................... 303
Figure 188 Syslog ................................................................................................................................ 306
Figure 189 Syslog: Server Setup ......................................................................................................... 307
Figure 190 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 310
Figure 191 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................................................. 310
Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen 311
Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch 312
Figure 194 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................................................. 313
Figure 195 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 315
Figure 196 MAC Table ......................................................................................................................... 316
Figure 197 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................................................. 317
Figure 198 IP Table ............................................................................................................................. 318
Figure 199 ARP Table ......................................................................................................................... 320
Figure 200 Routing Table Status ......................................................................................................... 321
Figure 201 Configure Clone ................................................................................................................ 323
Figure 202 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ............................................................ 389
Figure 203 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 416
Figure 204 Internet Options ................................................................................................................. 417
Figure 205 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 418
Figure 206 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 418
Figure 207 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 419
Figure 208 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 420
Figure 209 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 420
Figure 210 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 421
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List of Figures
Figure 211 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................. 432
Figure 212 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 434
Figure 213 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 435
Figure 214 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 439
Figure 215 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 439
Figure 216 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example .................................................. 440
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