GS-4012F/4024
Intelligent Layer 3+ Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.8
4/2007
Edition 1
DEFAULT LOGIN
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ES-4124 using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains
information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The GS-4024 and GS-4012F models may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the
“system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
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Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of
fuse.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.
6
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
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Safety Warnings
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Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction and Hardware ...................................................................................................35
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 37
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 41
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 45
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................53
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 55
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 65
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................71
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 77
Advanced ................................................................................................................................89
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Static MAC Forward Setup ...................................................................................................... 105
Filtering .................................................................................................................................... 107
Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................... 109
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................... 127
Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................... 129
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................. 131
Link Aggregation ...................................................................................................................... 133
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 141
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 147
Classifier .................................................................................................................................. 151
Policy Rule .............................................................................................................................. 157
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 163
VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................................................... 165
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 171
Authentication & Accounting ....................................................................................................185
IP Source Guard ...................................................................................................................... 199
Loop Guard .............................................................................................................................. 219
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 223
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 225
RIP .......................................................................................................................................... 227
OSPF ....................................................................................................................................... 229
IGMP ....................................................................................................................................... 241
DVMRP .................................................................................................................................... 245
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Contents Overview
IP Multicast .............................................................................................................................. 249
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 251
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 259
VRRP ....................................................................................................................................... 267
Management, CLI, Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 277
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 279
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 285
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 303
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 305
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 309
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 315
IP Table .................................................................................................................................... 317
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 319
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................... 321
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 323
Introducing Commands ..........................................................................................................325
User and Enable Mode Commands ........................................................................................ 377
Configuration Mode Commands .............................................................................................. 383
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................... 395
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ................................................................................. 403
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands .................................................................................411
Routing Domain Command Examples .................................................................................... 413
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 415
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 423
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 25
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................31
Part I: Introduction and Hardware ........................................................ 35
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................37
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 37
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 37
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 38
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 38
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 39
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................41
2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 41
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 42
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 42
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 42
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 43
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 45
3.1 Front Panel Connection ...................................................................................................... 45
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................................. 46
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................... 46
3.1.3 SFP Slots .................................................................................................................. 47
3.2 Rear Panel .......................................................................................................................... 48
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3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 49
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................................... 49
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 50
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 53
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................55
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 55
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 55
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 56
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 61
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 61
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 61
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 62
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................................... 62
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 63
4.8 Help ................................................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................65
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 65
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ........................................................................................ 65
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings ............................................................................ 66
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 67
5.1.4 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................68
5.1.5 Enabling RIP .............................................................................................................. 69
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................71
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 71
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 71
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................72
Chapter 7
Basic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 77
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 77
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 77
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 79
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ........................................................................................................ 81
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 81
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7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 83
7.6.1 IP Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 83
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................................... 85
Part III: Advanced................................................................................... 89
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 91
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 91
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 91
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................................ 92
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 92
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 92
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................................... 93
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 93
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 93
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status .................................................................................................... 94
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................................... 94
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 95
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 96
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs ......................................................................................................... 98
8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN ...................................................................................... 99
8.8 Port-based VLAN Setup ............................................................................................... 100
8.8.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................. 101
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup................................................................................................... 105
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 105
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................. 105
Chapter 10
Filtering..................................................................................................................................107
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................................107
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................109
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ..................................................................................................... 109
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................................... 109
11.1.2 How STP Works .....................................................................................................110
11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................................... 111
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP .......................................................................................................111
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11.1.5 Multiple STP ............................................................................................................112
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen .............................................................................114
11.3 Spanning Tree Configuration ...........................................................................................115
11.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................116
11.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .........................................................................117
11.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .........................................................119
11.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................... 120
11.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 122
11.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status ..................................................................... 124
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................127
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ......................................................................................... 127
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ........................................................................................................... 127
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................. 127
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .....................................................................................................129
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ...................................................................................... 129
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 131
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ....................................................................................................... 131
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................................133
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ............................................................................................. 133
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ............................................................................................. 133
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................................... 134
15.3 Link Aggregation Status ..................................................................................................134
15.4 Link Aggregation Setting ............................................................................................... 135
15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol ................................................................................ 136
15.6 Static Trunking Example .................................................................................................. 138
Chapter 16
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 141
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................................ 141
16.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 141
16.1.2 MAC Authentication ............................................................................................... 142
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 143
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 143
16.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication ................................................................................. 144
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Chapter 17
Port Security.......................................................................................................................... 147
17.1 About Port Security ......................................................................................................... 147
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 147
Chapter 18
Classifier................................................................................................................................151
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .......................................................................................... 151
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ...............................................................................................151
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 154
18.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 155
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................ 157
19.1 Policy Rules Overview ....................................................................................................157
19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................. 157
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................. 157
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 158
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 160
19.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 161
Chapter 20
Queuing Method.................................................................................................................... 163
20.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 163
20.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing .......................................................................................... 163
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 163
20.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 164
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................................................... 165
21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ................................................................................................ 165
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ........................................................................................ 165
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................................... 166
21.3 VLAN Tag Format ............................................................................................................ 167
21.3.1 Frame Format ........................................................................................................ 167
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................................. 168
Chapter 22
Multicast ................................................................................................................................ 171
22.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 171
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 171
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 171
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 171
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22.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 172
22.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 172
22.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................................. 172
22.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN .................................................................................................... 174
22.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 176
22.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 177
22.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 177
22.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 178
22.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 178
22.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 178
22.8 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 180
22.8.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 181
Chapter 23
Authentication & Accounting .............................................................................................. 185
23.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ............................................................... 185
23.1.1 Local User Accounts .............................................................................................. 185
23.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ........................................................................................ 186
23.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens .......................................................................... 186
23.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 186
23.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 188
23.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup ................................................................ 190
23.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 193
23.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 194
23.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication .......................................................................... 195
23.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 195
Chapter 24
IP Source Guard....................................................................................................................199
24.1 IP Source Guard Overview .............................................................................................. 199
24.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview ..................................................................................... 199
24.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 201
24.2 IP Source Guard .............................................................................................................. 203
24.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding ....................................................................................... 203
24.4 DHCP Snooping .............................................................................................................. 205
24.5 DHCP Snooping Configure .............................................................................................. 208
24.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ............................................................................. 209
24.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure ...........................................................................211
24.6 ARP Inspection Status .....................................................................................................212
24.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................. 212
24.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................... 213
24.7 ARP Inspection Configure ............................................................................................... 215
24.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................. 216
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24.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................... 217
Chapter 25
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................ 219
25.1 Loop Guard Overview ..................................................................................................... 219
25.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 221
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 223
Chapter 26
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 225
26.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 225
Chapter 27
RIP .........................................................................................................................................227
27.1 RIP Overview ................................................................................................................... 227
27.2 Configuring RIP .............................................................................................................. 227
Chapter 28
OSPF ...................................................................................................................................... 229
28.1 OSPF Overview .............................................................................................................. 229
28.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas ................................................................ 229
28.1.2 How OSPF Works .................................................................................................. 230
28.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................................... 230
28.1.4 OSPF and Router Elections ................................................................................... 230
28.1.5 Configuring OSPF ................................................................................................. 231
28.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................................. 231
28.3 OSPF Configuration ......................................................................................................233
28.4 Configure OSPF Areas ................................................................................................... 235
28.4.1 View OSPF Area Information Table ....................................................................... 236
28.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ........................................................................................ 236
28.6 OSPF Virtual-Links ....................................................................................................... 238
Chapter 29
IGMP.......................................................................................................................................241
29.1 IGMP Overview ............................................................................................................... 241
29.1.1 How IGMP Works ................................................................................................... 242
29.2 Port-based IGMP ............................................................................................................. 243
29.3 Configuring IGMP ............................................................................................................ 243
Chapter 30
DVMRP ................................................................................................................................... 245
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30.1 DVMRP Overview ............................................................................................................245
30.2 How DVMRP Works ........................................................................................................ 245
30.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ............................................................................................. 246
30.3 Configuring DVMRP ....................................................................................................... 246
30.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages ................................................................ 247
30.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ........................................................................................ 248
Chapter 31
IP Multicast ............................................................................................................................ 249
31.1 IP Multicast Overview ...................................................................................................... 249
31.2 Configuring Multicast ....................................................................................................... 249
Chapter 32
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................251
32.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................................... 251
32.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 251
32.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 252
32.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing ................................................................. 252
32.2.1 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode .................................................................................... 253
32.2.2 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode .................................................................................. 253
32.3 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 254
32.3.1 Configuring 2-Rate 3 Color Marker Settings ......................................................... 254
32.4 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ...................................................................... 256
32.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................................... 256
Chapter 33
DHCP...................................................................................................................................... 259
33.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 259
33.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................ 259
33.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 259
33.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 260
33.3 DHCP Server Status Detail ............................................................................................. 260
33.4 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................... 261
33.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 261
33.4.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 262
33.4.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 263
33.5 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 264
33.5.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 266
Chapter 34
VRRP ......................................................................................................................................267
34.1 VRRP Overview .............................................................................................................. 267
34.2 VRRP Status .................................................................................................................. 268
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34.3 VRRP Configuration .......................................................................................................269
34.3.1 IP Interface Setup ................................................................................................. 269
34.3.2 VRRP Parameters ................................................................................................. 270
34.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................................. 271
34.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ........................................................................................ 272
34.5 VRRP Configuration Examples ...................................................................................... 272
34.5.1 One Subnet Network Example .............................................................................. 272
34.5.2 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................................... 274
Part V: Management, CLI, Troubleshooting...................................... 277
Chapter 35
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 279
35.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................................. 279
35.2 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 280
35.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 280
35.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 281
35.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 281
35.6 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 282
35.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 282
35.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 283
35.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 283
35.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 283
35.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 284
35.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 284
Chapter 36
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 285
36.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 285
36.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 285
36.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 286
36.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 287
36.3.2 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 287
36.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 287
36.3.4 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................ 291
36.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ........................................................................... 293
36.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 294
36.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 296
36.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 296
36.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 297
36.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 297
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36.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................297
36.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 298
36.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 298
36.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 299
36.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 299
36.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 300
36.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 301
Chapter 37
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 303
37.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 303
Chapter 38
Syslog .................................................................................................................................... 305
38.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 305
38.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 305
38.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 306
Chapter 39
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................309
39.1 Cluster Management Status Overview ........................................................................... 309
39.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 310
39.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ....................................................................311
39.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 312
Chapter 40
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................315
40.1 MAC Table Overview ...................................................................................................... 315
40.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................................... 316
Chapter 41
IP Table ..................................................................................................................................317
41.1 IP Table Overview ........................................................................................................... 317
41.2 Viewing the IP Table ........................................................................................................ 318
Chapter 42
ARP Table ..............................................................................................................................319
42.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................319
42.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 319
42.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 319
Chapter 43
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................321
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43.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 321
43.2 Viewing the Routing Table .............................................................................................. 321
Chapter 44
Configure Clone.................................................................................................................... 323
44.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 323
Chapter 45
Introducing Commands.......................................................................................................325
45.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 325
45.2 Accessing the CLI ............................................................................................................ 325
45.2.1 The Console Port ................................................................................................... 325
45.3 The Login Screen ........................................................................................................... 326
45.4 Command Syntax Conventions ....................................................................................... 326
45.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................................. 327
45.6 Creating a New IP Interface ............................................................................................ 327
45.7 Privilege Levels ............................................................................................................... 328
45.8 Command Modes ............................................................................................................ 328
45.9 Getting Help ..................................................................................................................... 329
45.9.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................................... 330
45.10 Using Command History ................................................................................................ 331
45.11 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................................. 331
45.11.1 Switch Configuration File ...................................................................................... 332
45.11.2 Logging Out .......................................................................................................... 332
45.12 Command Summary ...................................................................................................... 332
45.12.1 User Mode ............................................................................................................ 333
45.12.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................................ 334
45.12.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................................ 343
45.12.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................................... 368
45.12.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................................... 373
45.12.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................................ 375
45.13 mvr Commands .............................................................................................................376
Chapter 46
User and Enable Mode Commands..................................................................................... 377
46.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 377
46.2 show Commands .............................................................................................................377
46.2.1 show system-information ...................................................................................... 377
46.2.2 show ip ................................................................................................................... 378
46.2.3 show logging ......................................................................................................... 378
46.2.4 show interface ....................................................................................................... 378
46.2.5 show mac address-table ....................................................................................... 379
46.3 ping ................................................................................................................................. 380
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Table of Contents
46.4 traceroute ........................................................................................................................ 380
46.5 Copy Port Attributes ........................................................................................................ 381
46.6 Configuration File Maintenance ...................................................................................... 381
46.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ....................................................................... 382
46.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ............................................................................. 382
Chapter 47
Configuration Mode Commands .........................................................................................383
47.1 Change the Out of Band Management IP Address ......................................................... 383
47.2 Enabling IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 383
47.3 Configure IGMP Filter ...................................................................................................... 384
47.4 Enabling STP ................................................................................................................... 385
47.5 no Command Examples .................................................................................................. 387
47.5.1 Disable Commands ............................................................................................... 387
47.5.2 Resetting Commands ............................................................................................. 387
47.5.3 Re-enable commands ............................................................................................ 387
47.5.4 Other Examples of no Commands ......................................................................... 388
47.6 Static Route Commands .................................................................................................. 390
47.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ....................................................................................................390
47.8 Enabling Trunking ............................................................................................................ 391
47.9 Enabling Port Authentication ........................................................................................... 392
47.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings ........................................................................................ 392
47.9.2 Port Authentication Settings ................................................................................... 393
Chapter 48
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................395
48.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 395
48.2 Interface Command Examples ........................................................................................ 395
48.2.1 interface port-channel ........................................................................................... 395
48.2.2 bpdu-control .......................................................................................................... 395
48.2.3 broadcast-limit ....................................................................................................... 396
48.2.4 bandwidth-limit ...................................................................................................... 396
48.2.5 mirror ..................................................................................................................... 397
48.2.6 gvrp ....................................................................................................................... 398
48.2.7 ingress-check ........................................................................................................ 398
48.2.8 frame-type .............................................................................................................398
48.2.9 weight .................................................................................................................... 399
48.2.10 egress set ............................................................................................................399
48.2.11 qos priority ............................................................................................................ 400
48.2.12 name .................................................................................................................... 400
48.2.13 speed-duplex ........................................................................................................ 400
48.2.14 test ....................................................................................................................... 401
48.3 Interface no Command Examples ................................................................................... 401
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48.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................................. 401
Chapter 49
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands .............................................................................. 403
49.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................................... 403
49.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................................. 404
49.2.1 GARP Status .......................................................................................................... 404
49.2.2 GARP Timer .......................................................................................................... 404
49.2.3 GVRP Timer ........................................................................................................... 405
49.2.4 Enable GVRP ......................................................................................................... 405
49.2.5 Disable GVRP ........................................................................................................ 405
49.3 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................................... 405
49.3.1 Set Port VID .......................................................................................................... 405
49.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................................... 406
49.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ................................................................................ 406
49.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................................... 406
49.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ...................................................................................................... 408
49.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 408
49.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 408
49.6 Show VLAN Setting ........................................................................................................408
Chapter 50
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands........................................................................... 411
50.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................411
50.2 Create Multicast VLAN ...................................................................................................411
Chapter 51
Routing Domain Command Examples................................................................................ 413
51.0.1 interface route-domain ........................................................................................... 413
Chapter 52
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................415
52.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ..................................................................................... 415
52.2 Problems Accessing the Switch ...................................................................................... 415
52.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ........................................... 416
52.3 Problems with the Password ........................................................................................... 421
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 423
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................425
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................431
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Table of Contents
Appendix C Common Services ............................................................................................441
Appendix D Legal Information ..............................................................................................445
Appendix E Customer Support .............................................................................................449
Index....................................................................................................................................... 453
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 38
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................................................... 39
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 40
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................................................... 41
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 43
Front Panel: GS-4024 45
Front Panel: GS-4012F 45
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................................................... 47
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................................................ 48
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 48
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 48
Rear Panel: GS-4012F 49
Rear Panel: GS-4024 49
Rear Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model) 49
Rear Panel: GS-4024 (DC Model) 49
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................................................... 56
Figure 19 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 56
Figure 20 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................................................61
Figure 21 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................................................... 63
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 63
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................................................... 65
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 67
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 68
Figure 26 Status .................................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 27 Status > Port Details .............................................................................................................. 73
Figure 28 System Info ........................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 29 Basic Setting > General Setup .............................................................................................. 79
Figure 30 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................ 82
Figure 31 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 84
Figure 32 Basic Setting > Port Setup .................................................................................................... 86
Figure 33 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 93
Figure 34 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................................................... 93
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ........................................................................ 94
Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 94
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ...................................................................... 95
Figure 38 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................. 97
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List of Figures
Figure 39 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example ............................................................................ 98
Figure 40 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN ........................ 99
Figure 41 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ............................................................................ 101
Figure 42 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................................................. 102
Figure 43 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................. 105
Figure 44 Advanced Application > Filtering ......................................................................................... 107
Figure 45 MRSTP Network Example ....................................................................................................111
Figure 46 STP/RSTP Network Example ...............................................................................................112
Figure 47 MSTP Network Example ......................................................................................................113
Figure 48 MSTIs in Different Regions ..................................................................................................114
Figure 49 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example ........................................................................114
Figure 50 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................115
Figure 51 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration ........................................115
Figure 52 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ....................................................116
Figure 53 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ........................................118
Figure 54 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP .................................................119
Figure 55 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP .................................... 121
Figure 56 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................. 122
Figure 57 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ...................................... 125
Figure 58 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ........................................................................ 128
Figure 59 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control .............................................................. 129
Figure 60 Advanced Application > Mirroring ........................................................................................ 131
Figure 61 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ................................................................ 134
Figure 62 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ............................... 135
Figure 63 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .................. 137
Figure 64 Trunking Example - Physical Connections ........................................................................... 138
Figure 65 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen ............................................................................ 139
Figure 66 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process .................................................................................. 142
Figure 67 MAC Authentication Process .............................................................................................. 142
Figure 68 Advanced Application > Port Authentication ....................................................................... 143
Figure 69 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ........................................................ 143
Figure 70 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication ................................... 145
Figure 71 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................. 148
Figure 72 Advanced Application > Classifier ....................................................................................... 152
Figure 73 Advanced Application > Classifier: Summary Table ............................................................ 154
Figure 74 Classifier: Example .............................................................................................................. 156
Figure 75 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ................................................................................... 158
Figure 76 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table ......................................................... 160
Figure 77 Policy Example .................................................................................................................... 161
Figure 78 Queuing Method .................................................................................................................. 164
Figure 79 VLAN Stacking Example ..................................................................................................... 166
Figure 80 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking .............................................................................. 168
Figure 81 Advanced Application > Multicast ........................................................................................ 172
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List of Figures
Figure 82 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ......................................................... 173
Figure 83 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................. 175
Figure 84 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile ................... 176
Figure 85 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 177
Figure 86 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 178
Figure 87 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................. 179
Figure 88 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 181
Figure 89 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 182
Figure 90 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 182
Figure 91 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 182
Figure 92 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................................... 183
Figure 93 AAA Server ......................................................................................................................... 185
Figure 94 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct ............................................................................... 186
Figure 95 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ........................................ 187
Figure 96 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................... 189
Figure 97 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup .......................................... 191
Figure 98 DHCP Snooping Database File Format ............................................................................... 200
Figure 99 Example: Man-in-the-middle Attack ..................................................................................... 201
Figure 100 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................. 203
Figure 101 IP Source Guard Static Binding .......................................................................................... 204
Figure 102 DHCP Snooping ................................................................................................................. 205
Figure 103 DHCP Snooping Configure ................................................................................................ 208
Figure 104 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ......................................................................................... 210
Figure 105 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure .......................................................................................211
Figure 106 ARP Inspection Status ........................................................................................................ 212
Figure 107 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 213
Figure 108 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................. 214
Figure 109 ARP Inspection Configure .................................................................................................. 215
Figure 110 ARP Inspection Port Configure ........................................................................................... 216
Figure 111 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................................ 217
Figure 112 Loop Guard vs STP ............................................................................................................ 219
Figure 113 Switch in Loop State ........................................................................................................... 220
Figure 114 Loop Guard - Probe Packet ................................................................................................ 220
Figure 115 Loop Guard - Network Loop ............................................................................................... 220
Figure 116 Advanced Application > Loop Guard .................................................................................. 221
Figure 117 Static Routing .................................................................................................................... 225
Figure 118 RIP ..................................................................................................................................... 228
Figure 119 OSPF Network Example ..................................................................................................... 230
Figure 120 OSPF Router Election Example ......................................................................................... 231
Figure 121 OSPF Status ...................................................................................................................... 232
Figure 122 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ...................................................................................... 235
Figure 123 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ............................................................................... 236
Figure 124 OSPF Interface .................................................................................................................. 237
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List of Figures
Figure 125 OSPF Virtual Link .............................................................................................................. 238
Figure 126 IP Multicast ........................................................................................................................ 241
Figure 127 IGMP Version 1 Example .................................................................................................. 242
Figure 128 IGMP Version 2 Example .................................................................................................. 242
Figure 129 IGMP Version 3 Example .................................................................................................. 243
Figure 130 IP Application > IGMP ....................................................................................................... 243
Figure 131 How DVMRP Works .......................................................................................................... 246
Figure 132 DVMRP ............................................................................................................................. 246
Figure 133 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ..................................................................................... 247
Figure 134 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ............................................................................ 247
Figure 135 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ............................................................................. 247
Figure 136 IP Multicast ........................................................................................................................ 249
Figure 137 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................. 251
Figure 138 DiffServ Network ............................................................................................................... 252
Figure 139 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode ............................................................................................... 253
Figure 140 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode ............................................................................................. 253
Figure 141 IP Application > DiffServ .................................................................................................... 254
Figure 142 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker ............................................................. 255
Figure 143 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting ......................................................................... 256
Figure 144 IP Application > DHCP Status ........................................................................................... 260
Figure 145 IP Application > DHCP > DHCP Server Status Detail ....................................................... 260
Figure 146 IP Application > DHCP > Global ........................................................................................ 262
Figure 147 Global DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................................. 263
Figure 148 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................................................. 263
Figure 149 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ....................................................................................... 264
Figure 150 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs ............................................................................................. 266
Figure 151 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs Configuration Example ........................................................ 266
Figure 152 VRRP: Example 1 ............................................................................................................. 267
Figure 153 VRRP Status ..................................................................................................................... 268
Figure 154 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ...................................................................................... 269
Figure 155 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters .......................................................................... 271
Figure 156 VRRP Configuration: Summary ......................................................................................... 272
Figure 157 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network ............................................. 273
Figure 158 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ............................................... 273
Figure 159 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ............................................... 273
Figure 160 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ................................................................... 273
Figure 161 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ................................................................... 274
Figure 162 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ............................................. 274
Figure 163 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A ................................. 274
Figure 164 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B ................................. 275
Figure 165 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ................................................................... 275
Figure 166 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ................................................................... 275
Figure 167 Maintenance ..................................................................................................................... 279
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List of Figures
Figure 168 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................................ 280
Figure 169 Reboot System: Confirmation ........................................................................................... 281
Figure 170 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................ 281
Figure 171 Restore Configuration ....................................................................................................... 282
Figure 172 Backup Configuration ........................................................................................................ 282
Figure 173 Access Control .................................................................................................................. 285
Figure 174 SNMP Management Model .............................................................................................. 286
Figure 175 Access Control: SNMP ...................................................................................................... 292
Figure 176 Access Control: SNMP: Trap Group .................................................................................. 294
Figure 177 Access Control: Logins ...................................................................................................... 295
Figure 178 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................296
Figure 179 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 296
Figure 180 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 298
Figure 181 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 298
Figure 182 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 299
Figure 183 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 299
Figure 184 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................................................. 300
Figure 185 Access Control: Service Access Control ........................................................................... 300
Figure 186 Access Control: Remote Management .............................................................................. 301
Figure 187 Diagnostic .......................................................................................................................... 303
Figure 188 Syslog ................................................................................................................................ 306
Figure 189 Syslog: Server Setup ......................................................................................................... 307
Figure 190 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 310
Figure 191 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................................................. 310
Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen 311
Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch 312
Figure 194 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................................................. 313
Figure 195 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 315
Figure 196 MAC Table ......................................................................................................................... 316
Figure 197 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................................................. 317
Figure 198 IP Table ............................................................................................................................. 318
Figure 199 ARP Table ......................................................................................................................... 320
Figure 200 Routing Table Status ......................................................................................................... 321
Figure 201 Configure Clone ................................................................................................................ 323
Figure 202 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ............................................................ 389
Figure 203 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 416
Figure 204 Internet Options ................................................................................................................. 417
Figure 205 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 418
Figure 206 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 418
Figure 207 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 419
Figure 208 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 420
Figure 209 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 420
Figure 210 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 421
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List of Figures
Figure 211 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................. 432
Figure 212 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 434
Figure 213 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 435
Figure 214 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 439
Figure 215 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 439
Figure 216 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example .................................................. 440
30
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 45
Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 50
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................................................... 57
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................................................. 58
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................................................. 59
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................................................ 71
Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................................... 73
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................................................... 78
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup .................................................................................................. 80
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup .................................................................................................. 82
Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 84
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup ...................................................................................................... 86
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................................................ 92
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................... 94
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 95
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ......................................................................... 96
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................... 97
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup ............... 99
Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup ....................................................................................................... 102
Table 20 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................... 106
Table 21 Advanced Application > FIltering .......................................................................................... 107
Table 22 STP Path Costs .....................................................................................................................110
Table 23 STP Port States .....................................................................................................................111
Table 24 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration .........................................115
Table 25 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP .....................................................116
Table 26 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP .........................................118
Table 27 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP ..................................................119
Table 28 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP ..................................... 121
Table 29 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................... 123
Table 30 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ........................................ 125
Table 31 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control .......................................................................... 128
Table 32 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control ................................................................ 130
Table 33 Advanced Application > Mirroring ......................................................................................... 132
Table 34 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ........................................................................................ 134
Table 35 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ......................................................................................... 134
Table 36 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ................................................................. 134
Table 37 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ................................. 136
Table 38 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .................... 137
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List of Tables
Table 39 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x .......................................................... 144
Table 40 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication ..................................... 145
Table 41 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................... 148
Table 42 Advanced Application > Classifier ......................................................................................... 152
Table 43 Classifier: Summary Table .................................................................................................... 154
Table 44 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ................................................................... 154
Table 45 Common IP Ports .................................................................................................................. 155
Table 46 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ..................................................................................... 159
Table 47 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table .......................................................... 160
Table 48 Queuing Method ................................................................................................................... 164
Table 49 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................................................. 167
Table 50 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ............................................................. 167
Table 51 802.1Q Frame ....................................................................................................................... 167
Table 52 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking ............................................................................... 168
Table 53 Multicast Status ..................................................................................................................... 172
Table 54 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ........................................................... 173
Table 55 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................... 175
Table 56 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile .................... 176
Table 57 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................... 179
Table 58 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 181
Table 59 RADIUS vs TACACS+ .......................................................................................................... 186
Table 60 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ......................................... 187
Table 61 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ...................................... 189
Table 62 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup ............................................ 191
Table 63 Supported VSAs ................................................................................................................... 193
Table 64 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ..................................................................................... 194
Table 65 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 196
Table 66 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ................................................................ 196
Table 67 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 196
Table 68 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................... 203
Table 69 IP Source Guard Static Binding ............................................................................................ 204
Table 70 DHCP Snooping .................................................................................................................... 206
Table 71 DHCP Snooping Configure ................................................................................................... 208
Table 72 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ........................................................................................... 210
Table 73 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure ..........................................................................................211
Table 74 ARP Inspection Status .......................................................................................................... 212
Table 75 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................................ 213
Table 76 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................... 214
Table 77 ARP Inspection Configure ..................................................................................................... 215
Table 78 ARP Inspection Port Configure ............................................................................................. 217
Table 79 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure .......................................................................................... 218
Table 80 Advanced Application > Loop Guard ....................................................................................221
Table 81 Static Routing ........................................................................................................................ 225
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List of Tables
Table 82 RIP ........................................................................................................................................ 228
Table 83 OSPF vs. RIP ........................................................................................................................ 229
Table 84 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................................................. 229
Table 85 OSPF Status ......................................................................................................................... 232
Table 86 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................................................. 232
Table 87 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ......................................................... 234
Table 88 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup .......................................................................................... 235
Table 89 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................................................... 236
Table 90 OSPF Interface ..................................................................................................................... 237
Table 91 OSPF Virtual-Link ................................................................................................................. 239
Table 92 IP Application > IGMP ........................................................................................................... 244
Table 93 DVMRP ................................................................................................................................. 246
Table 94 DVMRP: Default Timer Values .............................................................................................. 248
Table 95 IP Multicast ........................................................................................................................... 250
Table 96 IP Application > DiffServ ....................................................................................................... 254
Table 97 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker ................................................................. 255
Table 98 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping ................................................................................... 256
Table 99 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting .............................................................................257
Table 100 IP Application > DHCP Status ............................................................................................. 260
Table 101 IP Application > DHCP Server Status Detail ....................................................................... 261
Table 102 Relay Agent Information ..................................................................................................... 262
Table 103 IP Application > DHCP > Global ......................................................................................... 262
Table 104 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN .......................................................................................... 265
Table 105 VRRP Status ....................................................................................................................... 268
Table 106 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ....................................................................................... 270
Table 107 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ............................................................................ 271
Table 108 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 272
Table 109 Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 279
Table 110 Filename Conventions ........................................................................................................ 283
Table 111 Access Control Overview .................................................................................................... 285
Table 112 SNMP Commands .............................................................................................................. 286
Table 113 SNMP System Traps ........................................................................................................... 287
Table 114 SNMP InterfaceTraps .......................................................................................................... 289
Table 115 AAA Traps ........................................................................................................................... 289
Table 116 SNMP IP Traps ................................................................................................................... 290
Table 117 SNMP Switch Traps ............................................................................................................ 291
Table 118 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................................................ 292
Table 119 Access Control: SNMP: Trap Group ................................................................................... 294
Table 120 Access Control: Logins ....................................................................................................... 295
Table 121 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................................. 301
Table 122 Access Control: Remote Management ............................................................................... 301
Table 123 Diagnostic ........................................................................................................................... 303
Table 124 Syslog Severity Levels ........................................................................................................ 305
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List of Tables
Table 125 Syslog ................................................................................................................................. 306
Table 126 Syslog: Server Setup .......................................................................................................... 307
Table 127 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ................................................................... 309
Table 128 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................................................311
Table 129 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ........................................................................... 312
Table 130 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................................................... 313
Table 131 MAC Table .......................................................................................................................... 316
Table 132 IP Table ............................................................................................................................... 318
Table 133 ARP Table ........................................................................................................................... 320
Table 134 Routing Table Status ........................................................................................................... 321
Table 135 Configure Clone .................................................................................................................. 324
Table 136 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ............................................................................... 329
Table 137 Command Summary: User Mode ...................................................................................... 333
Table 138 Command Summary: Enable Mode .................................................................................... 334
Table 139 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .......................................................................... 343
Table 140 interface port-channel Commands ...................................................................................... 368
Table 141 interface route-domain Commands .....................................................................................373
Table 142 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands .................................................................... 375
Table 143 Command Summary: mvr Commands ................................................................................ 376
Table 144 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ...................................................................... 415
Table 145 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ............................................................................... 415
Table 146 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................................................ 421
Table 147 Hardware Specifications ..................................................................................................... 425
Table 148 Firmware Specifications ...................................................................................................... 426
Table 149 Feature Specifications ......................................................................................................... 428
Table 150 Standards Supported .......................................................................................................... 429
Table 151 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ........................................................... 432
Table 152 Subnet Masks ..................................................................................................................... 433
Table 153 Maximum Host Numbers .................................................................................................... 433
Table 154 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................................... 433
Table 155 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................................. 435
Table 156 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................................. 436
Table 157 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 436
Table 158 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 436
Table 159 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 436
Table 160 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 437
Table 161 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 437
Table 162 Commonly Used Services ................................................................................................... 441
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PART I
Introduction and
Hardware
Getting to Know Your Switch (37)
Hardware Installation and Connection (41)
Hardware Overview (45)
35
36
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
Your Switch is a stand-alone layer-3 Gigabit Ethernet switch. By integrating router functions,
the Switch performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to layer-2 switching.
The GS-4024 is a stand-alone layer 3 Ethernet switch with 20 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4
GbE dual personality interfaces for uplink. A dual personality interface includes one Gigabit
port and one slot for mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one port active at a time.
The GS-4012F comes with with 8 min-GBIC slots and 4 GbE dual personality interfaces for
uplink. There are two GS-4012F models. The GS-4012F DC model requires DC power supply
input of -48 VDC to -60 VDC, 1.5A Max no tolerance. The GS-4012F AC model requires
100~240VAC, 1.6A power.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition,
the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console
port, or third-party SNMP management.
See Appendix A on page 425 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the
Switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the Switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 91.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.
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39
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install the hardware and make port connections.
" Example graphics are shown.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help
protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
" For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
1 Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
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Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the Switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 8 Front Panel: GS-4024
Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-4012F
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
PORT DESCRIPTION
MGMT Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
Switch.
CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the Switch using the command line
GS-4024 Model
20 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 1 Front Panel (continued)
PORT DESCRIPTION
Four Dual
Personality
Interfaces
GS-4012F Model
8 Mini-GBIC
Slots
Four Dual
Personality
Interfaces
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 4 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
•4 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches (see Section 3.1.3 on page 47 for instructions).
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 4 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
•4 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network
Ethernet switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches (see Section 3.1.3 on page 47 for instructions).
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network
Ethernet switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches (see Section 3.1.3 on page 47 for instructions).
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the Switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The Switch has 10/100/1000 Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit Ethernet ports. In
10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps and
the duplex mode can be half duplex (for 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed and duplex
mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
• Flow control: on
3.1.3 SFP Slots
The Switch comes with SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit
Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a
receiver. The Switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply
with the SFP transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i
specification Rev 1.0 for details.
SFP transceivers can be standalone interfaces or part of a dual personality interface. Each dual
personality interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber slot for mini-GBIC transceivers, with one port active at a time. The
mini-GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and
the corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be
disabled.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
1 To avoid possible eye injury, do NOT look into an operating fiber-optic
module’s connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panels of the AC and DC power input model switches.
The rear panel contains a connector for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.
For the DC power input model, it also contains the power switch.
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Figure 14 Rear Panel: GS-4012F
Figure 15 Rear Panel: GS-4024
Figure 16 Rear Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model)
Figure 17 Rear Panel: GS-4024 (DC Model)
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the GS-4012F/4024 AC unit, insert the female end of power cord to
the power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240V AC, 1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
The GS-4012F DC unit requires DC power supply input of -48V DC to -60V DC, 1.6A Max
no tolerance and the GS-4012F DC unit requires DC power supply input of -48V DC to -60V
DC, 2.2A Max no tolerance. To connect the power to the DC units, insert one end of the
supplied power cord to the power receptacle on the rear panel and the other end to a power
outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the Switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the Switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.3 LEDs
The following table describes the LEDs.
Table 2 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
MGMT Port
10 Green On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
100 Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
GS-4024 Model
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
LNK/ACT Green On The port has a successful 10/1000 Mbps connection.
Amber On The port has a successful 100 Mbps connection.
FDX Amber On The port is in full duplex mode.
Mini-GBIC (SFP) Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
GS-4012F Model
Mini-GBIC (SFP) Slots (Standalone and Part of Dual Personality Interface)
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Blinking The port is sending or receiving data at 10 Mbps.
Off The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
Blinking The port is sending or receiving data at 100 Mbps.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is disconnected or the link failed.
Off The port is in half duplex mode or there is no connection.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data or there is no
connection.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data or there is no
Gigabit Ethernet Ports (Part of Dual Personality Interface)
1000 Green Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.
On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
100 Amber Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
connection.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (55)
Initial Setup Example (65)
System Status and Port Statistics (71)
Basic Setting (77)
53
54
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1)
in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 19 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
B
C
DE
A
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
56
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of your Switch that stays the same even if the
Switch’s power is turned off.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Port Authentication
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast
Authentication and
Accounting
IP Source Guard
Loop Guard
VLAN Port Setting
Subnet Based VLAN
Static VLAN
Configuration
RSTP
MRSTP
MSTP
Link Aggregation
Setting
Ling Aggregation
Control Protocol
802.1x
MAC Authentication
Multicast Setting
IGMP Snooping VLAN
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
Group Configuration
RADIUS Server Setup
TACACS+ Server
Setup
Auth and Acct Setup
IP Source Guard
Static Binding
DHCP Snooping
ARP Inspection Status
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
RIP
OSPF Status
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface
OSPF Virtual Link
IGMP
DVMRP
IP Multicast
DiffServ
2-Rate 3 Color
Marker
DSCP Setting
DHCP Status
DHCP Relay
VLAN Setting
VRRP
VRRP Configuration
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog
Syslog Server Setup
Cluster Management
Clustering Management
Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
Configure Clone
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
Port Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure settings for individual
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to group
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to perform
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
Multicast This link takes you to screens where you can configure various multicast features,
mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
Switch ports.
VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also
configure a protocol based VLAN or a subnet based VLAN in these screens.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP/MSTP to
prevent network loops.
This link takes you to a screen where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference.
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port
authentication as well as MAC authentication for clients communicating via the
Switch.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
packets based on the specified criteria.
special treatment on the grouped packets.
queue weights for each port.
IGMP snooping and create multicast VLANs.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Auth and Acct This link takes you to a screen where you can configure authentication and
accounting services via external servers. The external servers can be either
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal
Access Controller Access-Control System Plus).
IP Source Guard This link takes you to screens where you can configure filtering of unauthorized
DHCP and ARP packets in your network.
Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection against network
loops that occur on the edge of your network.
IP Application
Static Routing This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static routes. A static route
defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance
IP Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to remove
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure 2-Rate 3
DHCP This link takes you to screens where you can configure the DHCP settings.
VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to a screen where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to other
OSPF settings.
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.
VLAN tags from IP multicast packets on an out-going port.
Color Marker and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
your network.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
server.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure clustering management and
view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
ports.
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GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 20 Change Administrator Login Password
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that
remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
" Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
4.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the Switch.
4.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory
defaults.
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 46 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect
the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 After a configuration file upload, type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the Switch.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 21 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V3.1 | 03/08/2007 18:36:17
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 65536K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 64M
ZyNOS Version: V3.80(TS.0)b4 | 03/31/2007 20:43:39
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.....................
Enter Debug Mode
GS-4024> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
GS-4024> atgo
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Enable RIP
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 Switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
Switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
Switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make
sure your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in
the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 55 for more
information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the Switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server,
etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the Switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1 In the web configurator, click IP
Application and DHCP in the
navigation panel and click the
VLAN link.
2 In the VLAN Setting screen,
specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).
3 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
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5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 In the Static VLAN screen, select
ACTIVE, enter a descriptive
name in the Name field and enter
2 in the VLAN Group ID field
for the VLAN2 network.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
" The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Fixed to
configure port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags
before sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 1 and click Apply to save
your changes back to the runtime memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost when
the Switch’s power is turned off.
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5.1.5 Enabling RIP
To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.
1 Click IP Application > RIP in the navigation panel.
2 Select Both in the Direction
field to set the Switch to
broadcast and receive
routing information.
3 In the Ver si on field, select
RIP-1 for the RIP packet
format that is universally
supported.
4 Click Apply to save your
changes back to the run-time
memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned
off.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 26 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
screen (refer to Figure 27 on page 73).
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
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Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
port (see Section 11.1 on page 109 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
enabled on the port.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical
information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
Switch.
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Figure 27 Status > Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).
(see Section 11.1 on page 109 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
transmitted.
received.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
10241518
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general Switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 28 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the Switch
Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan Speed
(RPM)
This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch.
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting > General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 29 Basic Setting > General Setup
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
Location Enter the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's
Name
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Daylight Saving
Time
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of
seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set
their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour format. Here are a
couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second
Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving
Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second,
Sunday, March and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All
of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, March and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead
of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected
Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple
of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November.
Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and
2:00.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October.
All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, October and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany
for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
" VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 91 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 30 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on
VLAN setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 91 for more information.
Select Active to allow the Switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
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Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if
the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
7.6.1 IP Interfaces
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
On the Switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the Switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the Switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 31 Basic Setting > IP Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Domain Name
Server
Default
Management
Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.
IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive
these packets.
notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254
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Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the Switch.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the Switch in an IP routing domain.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the Switch in the IP domain.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the Switch in the IP domain.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the Switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
7.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure Switch port settings.Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in
the navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out from the Switch.
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Figure 32 Basic Setting > Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for Gigabit connections.
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends
support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines
the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
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Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 82 for more information.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tunn el to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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PART III
Advanced
VLAN (91)
Static MAC Forward Setup (105)
Filtering (107)
Spanning Tree Protocol (109)
Bandwidth Control (127)
Broadcast Storm Control (129)
Mirroring (131)
Link Aggregation (133)
Port Authentication (141)
Port Security (147)
Classifier (151)
Policy Rule (157)
Queuing Method (163)
VLAN Stacking (165)
Multicast (171)
Authentication & Accounting (185)
IP Source Guard (199)
Loop Guard (219)
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VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local Switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 33 Port VLAN Trunking
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.
Figure 34 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
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8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 91 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
details.
screen.
static VLAN was set up.
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 91 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch. See Section
8.1 on page 91 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click
Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to change the fields back to their last saved values.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
consists of up to 64 printable characters.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
VLAN settings.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 91 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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Figure 38 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
port and the dual personality GbE interfaces but not communicate with each other.
This option is the most limiting but also the most secure.
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the Switch discards incoming frames for
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
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Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All, Tag Only and
Untag Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames
will be dropped.
Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.
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Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the Switch.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs
Subnet based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the source IP
subnet you specify. When a frame is received on a port, the Switch checks if a tag is added
already and the IP subnet it came from. The untagged packets from the same IP subnet are then
placed in the same subnet based VLAN. One advantage of using subnet based VLANs is that
priority can be assigned to traffic from the same IP subnet.
For example, an ISP (Internet Services Provider) may divide different types of services it
provides to customers into different IP subnets. Traffic for voice services is designated for IP
subnet 172.16.1.0/24, video for 192.168.1.0/24 and data for 10.1.1.0/24. The Switch can then
be configured to group incoming traffic based on the source IP subnet of incoming frames.
You configure a subnet based VLAN with priority 6 and VID of 100 for traffic received from
IP subnet 172.16.1.0/24 (voice services). You also have a subnet based VLAN with priority 5
and VID of 200 for traffic received from IP subnet 192.168.1.0/24 (video services). Lastly,
you configure VLAN with priority 3 and VID of 300 for traffic received from IP subnet
10.1.1.0/24 (data services). All untagged incoming frames will be classified based on their
source IP subnet and prioritized accordingly. That is video services receive the highest priority
and data the lowest.
Figure 39 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example
Tagged Frames
Internet
Untagged
Frames
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172.16.1.0/24
VID = 100
192.168.1.0/24
VID = 200
10.1.1.0/24
VID = 300
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8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN
Click Subnet Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.
" Subnet based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when
you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
Figure 40 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Check this box to activate this subnet based VLANs on the Switch.
DHCP-Vlan
Override
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Active Check this box to activate the IP subnet VLAN you are creating or editing.
Name Enter up to 32 alpha numeric characters to identify this subnet based VLAN.
IP Enter the IP address of the subnet for which you want to configure this subnet based
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When DHCP snooping is enabled DHCP clients can renew their IP address through
the DHCP VLAN or via another DHCP server on the subnet based VLAN.
Select this checkbox to force the DHCP clients in this IP subnet to obtain their IP
addresses through the DHCP VLAN.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
VLAN.
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Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mask-Bits Enter the bit number of the subnet mask. To find the bit number, convert the subnet
VID Enter the ID of a VLAN with which the untagged frames from the IP subnet specified in
Priority Select the priority level that the Switch assigns to frames belonging to this VLAN.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index This is the index number identifying this subnet based VLAN. Click on any of these
Active This field shows whether the subnet based VLAN is active or not.
Name This field shows the name the subnet based VLAN.
IP This field shows the IP address of the subnet for this subnet based VLAN.
Mask-Bits This field shows the subnet mask in bit number format for this subnet based VLAN.
VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the frames which belong to this subnet based VLAN.
Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this subnet
Delete Click this to delete the subnet based VLANs which you marked for deletion.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
mask to binary format and add all the 1’s together. Take “255.255.255.0” for example.
255 converts to eight 1s in binary. There are three 255s, so add three eights together
and you get the bit number (24).
this subnet based VLAN are tagged. This must be an existing VLAN which you
defined in the Advanced Applications, VLAN screens.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
numbers to edit an existing subnet based VLAN.
based VLAN.
8.8 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the Switch on which they were created.
" When you activate port-based VLAN, the Switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
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