GS-2024
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GS-2024
Gigabit Ethernet switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.60
Edition 2
8/2005
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 3
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Interference Statements and
Warnings
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
4 Interference Statements and Warnings
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Certifications
1 Go to www.zyxel.com.
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go
to that product's page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication
line cord.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Interference Statements and Warnings 5
GS-2024 User’s Guide
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL.
This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
6 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
HUNGARY
KAZAKHSTAN
NORTH AMERICA
NORWAY
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com
www.europe.zyxel.com
sales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.zyxel.com
ftp.europe.zyxel.com
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-350 www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-359
support@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-00 www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-07
support@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy
sales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448
info@zyxel.fr +33-4-72-52-97-97 www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France
+33-4-72-52-19-20
support@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-0 www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.
sales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99
support@zyxel.hu +36-1-3361649 www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary
info@zyxel.hu +36-1-3259100
http://zyxel.kz/support +7-3272-590-698 www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan
sales@zyxel.kz +7-3272-590-689
support@zyxel.com 1-800-255-4101
+1-714-632-0882
sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
support@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81
www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
REGULAR MAIL
ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II
Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n
Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika
Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark
Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland
1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France
Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany
48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary
43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan
1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.
Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway
Customer Support 7
GS-2024 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
POLAND
RUSSIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM
* “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
info@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications
+48 (22) 333 8251
http://zyxel.ru/support +7-095-542-89-29 www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia
sales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25
support@zyxel.es +34-902-195-420 www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications
sales@zyxel.es +34-913-005-345
support@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701
support@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-247-69-78 www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine
sales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32
support@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.uk
REGULAR MAIL
ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland
Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia
Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain
Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden
13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine
www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)
8 Customer Support
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright ..................................................................................................................3
Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 4
ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 6
Customer Support.................................................................................................... 7
Preface ....................................................................................................................27
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 29
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................29
1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................29
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................31
1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................32
1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................32
1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................32
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................33
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................33
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................34
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................34
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 37
2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................37
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................38
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................38
2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................38
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................38
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................38
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 41
3.1 Front Panel Connection ....................................................................................41
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................41
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................42
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................44
3.3 Front Panel LEDs ...........................................................................................44
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 47
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................47
4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................47
4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................48
4.4 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................52
4.5 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................53
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................54
4.7 Help ..................................................................................................................54
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................42
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .......................................................................................42
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................43
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................43
3.2.1 Power Connector ......................................................................................44
4.3.1 Change Your Password .........................................................................51
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................53
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 55
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................55
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................55
5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................56
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...........................................57
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 59
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................59
6.2 Port Status Summary .....................................................................................59
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ..............................................................................61
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 65
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................65
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................65
7.3 General Setup ...............................................................................................67
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................69
7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................70
7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................71
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................71
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................74
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 77
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ....................................................77
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................77
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................78
8.2.1 GARP .......................................................................................................78
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................78
8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................78
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................79
8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................79
8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................80
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ...................................................................................80
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN .......................................................................81
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ..............................................................83
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup ................................................................................85
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ..................................................................85
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 89
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................89
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ..............................................................89
Chapter 10
Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................................... 93
10.1.1 STP Terminology ...................................................................................93
10.1.2 How STP Works ....................................................................................94
10.1.3 STP Port States .....................................................................................94
10.2 STP Status .................................................................................................94
10.3 Configure STP ...............................................................................................96
Chapter 11
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................. 99
11.1 Bandwidth Control Setup .................................................................................99
Chapter 12
Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 103
12.1 Overview ........................................................................................................103
12.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .....................................................................103
Chapter 13
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 107
13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................107
13.2 Port Mirroring Setup .......................................................................................107
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Chapter 14
Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 109
14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................109
14.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...........................................................................109
14.3 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................110
14.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................. 111
Chapter 15
Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 115
15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................115
15.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................115
Chapter 16
Port Security......................................................................................................... 121
14.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................110
15.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 115
15.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ............................................................ 116
15.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 118
16.1 Overview ........................................................................................................121
16.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................121
Chapter 17
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 123
17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................123
17.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) ...............................................................123
17.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................123
17.2 Configuring Queuing .....................................................................................124
Chapter 18
Multicast................................................................................................................ 125
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................125
18.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................125
18.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................125
18.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................125
18.2 Multicast Status ..............................................................................................126
18.3 Multicast Setup ..............................................................................................126
18.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................128
18.5 MVR Overview ...............................................................................................130
18.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................130
18.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................130
18.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................131
18.6 General MVR Configuration ..........................................................................131
18.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................133
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18.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................135
Chapter 19
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 139
19.1 Configuring ...................................................................................................139
Chapter 20
Differentiated Services ........................................................................................ 141
20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................141
20.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ..............................................................141
20.1.2 DiffServ Network Example ...................................................................141
20.2 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping .......................................................142
20.3 Configuring DSCP Settings ...........................................................................142
Chapter 21
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 145
21.1 The Maintenance Screen ...............................................................................145
21.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................145
21.3 Restore a Configuration File .........................................................................146
21.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ....................................................................146
21.5 Load Factory Defaults ...................................................................................147
21.6 Reboot System ...............................................................................................147
21.7 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................148
21.7.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................148
21.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................149
21.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................149
21.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................150
21.7.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................150
Chapter 22
Access Control..................................................................................................... 151
22.1 Overview ......................................................................................................151
22.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................151
22.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................152
22.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................153
22.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................153
22.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................154
22.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts .................................................................155
22.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................156
22.5 How SSH works .............................................................................................156
22.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................157
22.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................158
22.7 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................158
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
22.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................159
22.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................162
22.10 Remote Management .................................................................................163
Chapter 23
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 165
23.1 Diagnostic .....................................................................................................165
Chapter 24
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 167
24.1 Overview ........................................................................................................167
24.2 Cluster Management Status ..........................................................................168
24.3 Configuring Cluster Management .................................................................170
22.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................159
22.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................159
22.8.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................160
24.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................169
24.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................169
Chapter 25
MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 173
25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................173
25.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................174
Chapter 26
ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 175
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................175
26.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................175
26.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................175
Chapter 27
Introducing the Commands ............................................................................... 177
27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................177
27.1.1 Switch Configuration File ......................................................................177
27.2 Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................177
27.2.1 Access Priority .....................................................................................178
27.2.2 The Console Port ..................................................................................178
27.2.2.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................178
27.2.3 Telnet ...................................................................................................178
27.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................179
27.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................179
27.5 Getting Help ...................................................................................................180
27.5.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................180
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
27.5.2 Detailed Command Information ............................................................181
27.6 Command Modes ...........................................................................................181
27.7 Using Command History ................................................................................182
27.8 Saving Your Configuration ..............................................................................182
27.8.1 Logging Out ..........................................................................................183
27.9 Command Summary ......................................................................................183
27.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................183
27.9.2 Enable Mode .........................................................................................184
27.9.3 General Configuration Mode .................................................................187
27.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ........................................................195
27.9.5 config-vlan Commands .........................................................................197
27.9.6 mvr Commands ....................................................................................199
Chapter 28
Command Examples........................................................................................... 201
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................201
28.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................201
28.2.1 show system-information .....................................................................201
28.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................202
28.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................202
28.2.4 show interface ......................................................................................203
28.2.5 show mac address-table ......................................................................204
28.3 ping ...............................................................................................................205
28.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................205
28.5 Enabling RSTP ...............................................................................................206
28.6 Configuration File Maintenance ....................................................................206
28.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ......................................................207
28.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................207
28.7 no Command Examples .................................................................................208
28.7.1 no mirror ...............................................................................................208
28.7.2 no https timeout ....................................................................................208
28.7.3 no trunk .................................................................................................209
28.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................209
28.7.5 no ssh ...................................................................................................210
28.8 interface Commands ......................................................................................210
28.8.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................210
28.8.2 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................211
28.8.3 mirror ...................................................................................................212
28.8.4 gvrp ......................................................................................................213
28.8.5 ingress-check .......................................................................................213
28.8.6 frame-type ............................................................................................213
28.8.7 queuing-method spq ............................................................................214
28.8.8 queuing-method wrr .............................................................................214
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Chapter 29
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 219
29.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview ...........................................................219
29.2 VLAN Databases ............................................................................................219
29.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................220
29.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................221
29.5 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................223
29.6 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................226
29.7 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................226
29.8 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................226
28.8.9 egress set ............................................................................................215
28.8.10 qos priority ..........................................................................................215
28.8.11 name ...................................................................................................216
28.8.12 speed-duplex ......................................................................................216
29.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ................................................................219
29.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) ...........................................................220
29.4.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................221
29.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................221
29.4.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................222
29.4.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................222
29.4.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................223
29.5.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................223
29.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................223
29.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................224
29.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................224
29.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................225
29.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................225
29.5.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................225
16
Chapter 30
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 229
30.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................229
30.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................230
30.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................230
30.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................230
30.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................233
30.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................235
30.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................237
Appendix A
Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 239
Appendix B
GS-2024 User’s Guide
IP Subnetting ........................................................................................................ 243
Index...................................................................................................................... 251
17
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18
GS-2024 User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .......................................................................................... 32
Figure 2 Bridging Application ............................................................................................ 33
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application .............................................................. 33
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ............................................................................... 34
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example .................................................................. 35
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................................ 37
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ......................................................................... 38
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................... 39
Figure 9 Front Panel .........................................................................................................41
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ....................................................................... 43
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ........................................................................................ 43
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ........................................................ 43
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .......................................................................... 44
Figure 14 Rear Panel ......................................................................................................... 44
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login .................................................................................... 47
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .......................................................... 48
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .............................................................. 52
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ....................................................... 54
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ..................................................................... 54
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................ 55
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ........................................................... 57
Figure 22 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................................ 58
Figure 23 Status ................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 24 Status: Port Details ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 25 System Info ........................................................................................................ 66
Figure 26 General Setup .................................................................................................... 68
Figure 27 Switch Setup ...................................................................................................... 70
Figure 28 IP Setup ............................................................................................................. 72
Figure 29 Port Setup ..........................................................................................................75
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................... 79
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type ....................................................................... 80
Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................................... 80
Figure 33 VLAN: Static VLAN ........................................................................................... 82
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting .................................................................................. 84
Figure 35 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ........................................................... 86
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................................ 87
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Figure 37 Static MAC Forwarding ...................................................................................... 90
Figure 38 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .......................................................................... 95
Figure 39 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration .............................................................. 97
Figure 40 Bandwidth Control .............................................................................................. 100
Figure 41 Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 104
Figure 42 Mirroring ............................................................................................................. 107
Figure 43 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ......................................................... 110
Figure 44 Link Aggregation: Configuration ......................................................................... 112
Figure 45 RADIUS Server ................................................................................................. 115
Figure 46 Port Authentication ............................................................................................. 116
Figure 47 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................ 117
Figure 48 Port Authentication: RADIUS ............................................................................. 118
Figure 49 Port Security ...................................................................................................... 122
Figure 50 Queuing Method ................................................................................................ 124
Figure 51 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................. 127
Figure 52 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ......................................................................... 129
Figure 53 MVR Network Example ...................................................................................... 130
Figure 54 MVR Multicast Television Example .................................................................... 131
Figure 55 MVR ................................................................................................................... 132
Figure 56 MVR: Group Configuration ................................................................................. 134
Figure 57 MVR Configuration Example .............................................................................. 135
Figure 58 MVR Configuration Example .............................................................................. 136
Figure 59 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................. 137
Figure 60 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................... 137
Figure 61 Static Routing ..................................................................................................... 139
Figure 62 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field ................................................................. 141
Figure 63 DiffServ Network Example ................................................................................. 142
Figure 64 DiffServ .............................................................................................................. 143
Figure 65 Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 145
Figure 66 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................ 145
Figure 67 Restore Configuration ........................................................................................ 146
Figure 68 Backup Configuration ......................................................................................... 146
Figure 69 Load Factory Default: Conformation .................................................................. 147
Figure 70 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................ 147
Figure 71 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................................ 148
Figure 72 Reboot System: Start ......................................................................................... 148
Figure 73 Console Port Priority .......................................................................................... 151
Figure 74 Access Control ................................................................................................... 152
Figure 75 SNMP Management Model ............................................................................... 152
Figure 76 Access Control: SNMP ...................................................................................... 154
Figure 77 Access Control: Logins ...................................................................................... 155
Figure 78 SSH Communication Example ............................................................................ 156
Figure 79 How SSH Works ................................................................................................. 157
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Figure 80 HTTPS Implementation ....................................................................................... 158
Figure 81 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................... 159
Figure 82 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................ 160
Figure 83 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................ 160
Figure 84 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) ......................................................................... 161
Figure 85 Login Screen (Netscape) .................................................................................... 162
Figure 86 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................ 163
Figure 87 Access Control: Remote Management .............................................................. 164
Figure 88 Diagnostic ..........................................................................................................165
Figure 89 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................... 167
Figure 90 Cluster Management: Status .............................................................................. 168
Figure 91 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................... 169
Figure 92 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .............................. 170
Figure 93 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................................. 171
Figure 94 MAC Table Flowchart ......................................................................................... 173
Figure 95 MAC Table ......................................................................................................... 174
Figure 96 ARP Table .......................................................................................................... 176
Figure 97 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................................. 178
Figure 98 CLI: Login Screen .............................................................................................. 179
Figure 99 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ........................................................... 180
Figure 100 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ......................................................... 181
Figure 101 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 .................................... 181
Figure 102 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ................................... 181
Figure 103 CLI: History Command Example ...................................................................... 182
Figure 104 CLI: write memory ............................................................................................ 183
Figure 105 show system-information Command Example ................................................. 201
Figure 106 show ip Command Example ............................................................................ 202
Figure 107 show logging Command Example .................................................................... 203
Figure 108 show interface Command Example ................................................................. 204
Figure 109 show mac address-table Command Example ................................................. 205
Figure 110 ping Command Example .................................................................................. 205
Figure 111 traceroute Command Example ......................................................................... 206
Figure 112 Enable RSTP Command Example ................................................................... 206
Figure 113 CLI: boot config Command Example ............................................................... 207
Figure 114 CLI: reload config Command Example ............................................................ 207
Figure 115 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ...................................................... 208
Figure 116 no mirror Command Example .......................................................................... 208
Figure 117 no https timeout Command Example ............................................................... 208
Figure 118 no trunk Command Example ............................................................................ 209
Figure 119 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ........................................... 210
Figure 120 no ssh Command Example .............................................................................. 210
Figure 121 interface Command Example ........................................................................... 211
Figure 122 bandwidth-limit Command Example ................................................................ 212
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Figure 123 mirror Command Example ............................................................................... 212
Figure 124 gvrp Command Example ................................................................................. 213
Figure 125 ingress-check Command Example .................................................................. 213
Figure 126 frame-type Command Example ....................................................................... 214
Figure 127 queuing-method spq Command Example ........................................................ 214
Figure 128 queuing-method wrr Command Example ........................................................ 215
Figure 129 egress set Command Example ........................................................................ 215
Figure 130 qos priority Command Example ....................................................................... 216
Figure 131 name Command Example ............................................................................... 216
Figure 132 speed-duplex Command Example ................................................................... 217
Figure 133 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ...................................... 220
Figure 134 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .......................................... 221
Figure 135 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................................ 221
Figure 136 GARP Timer Command Example ..................................................................... 222
Figure 137 GVRP Status Command Example ................................................................... 222
Figure 138 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ..................................................... 223
Figure 139 frame type Command Example ....................................................................... 224
Figure 140 no gvrp Command Example ............................................................................ 224
Figure 141 Modifying Static VLAN Example ...................................................................... 225
Figure 142 no vlan Command Example ............................................................................. 226
Figure 143 show vlan Command Example ........................................................................ 227
Figure 144 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................. 231
Figure 145 Internet Options ............................................................................................... 231
Figure 146 Internet Options ................................................................................................ 232
Figure 147 Pop-up Blocker Settings ................................................................................... 233
Figure 148 Internet Options ................................................................................................ 234
Figure 149 Security Settings - Java Scripting ..................................................................... 235
Figure 150 Security Settings - Java .................................................................................... 236
Figure 151 Java (Sun) ......................................................................................................... 237
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................................ 41
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs .................................................................................................. 44
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview .................................................................... 49
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .......................................................... 49
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links .......................................................................................... 50
Table 6 Status ..................................................................................................................... 60
Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................ 62
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................................ 66
Table 9 General Setup ....................................................................................................... 68
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................................ 70
Table 11 IP Setup ............................................................................................................... 73
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................................ 75
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ......................................................................... 78
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 81
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN .............................................................................................. 83
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting .................................................................................... 84
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ...................................................................................... 87
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................................ 90
Table 19 STP Path Costs ................................................................................................... 93
Table 20 STP Port States ................................................................................................... 94
Table 21 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ........................................................................... 95
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................................ 98
Table 23 Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 100
Table 24 Broadcast Storm Control ..................................................................................... 104
Table 25 Mirroring .............................................................................................................. 107
Table 26 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ....................................................................... 110
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................................ 110
Table 28 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................................ 111
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ............................................... 113
Table 30 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................. 118
Table 31 Port Authentication: RADIUS ............................................................................... 118
Table 32 Port Security ........................................................................................................122
Table 33 Physical Queue Priority ....................................................................................... 123
Table 34 Queuing Method .................................................................................................. 124
Table 35 Multicast Status ................................................................................................... 126
Table 36 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................. 127
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Table 37 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile .......................................................................... 129
Table 38 MVR ..................................................................................................................... 132
Table 39 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................................. 134
Table 40 Static Routing ...................................................................................................... 139
Table 41 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ................................................................... 142
Table 42 DiffServ ................................................................................................................ 143
Table 43 Filename Conventions ......................................................................................... 148
Table 44 Access Control Overview .................................................................................... 151
Table 45 SNMP Commands ............................................................................................... 153
Table 46 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................................ 153
Table 47 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................................ 154
Table 48 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................................ 155
Table 49 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................. 163
Table 50 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................................ 164
Table 51 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................ 165
Table 52 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .................................................... 167
Table 53 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................................... 168
Table 54 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................ 170
Table 55 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................................ 171
Table 56 MAC Table ........................................................................................................... 174
Table 57 ARP Table ............................................................................................................176
Table 58 Command Summary: User Mode ....................................................................... 183
Table 59 Command Summary: Enable Mode .................................................................... 184
Table 60 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .......................................................... 187
Table 61 interface port-channel Commands ...................................................................... 195
Table 62 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ..................................................... 197
Table 63 mvr Commands ................................................................................................... 199
Table 64 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ....................................................... 229
Table 65 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................................ 230
Table 66 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................................ 237
Table 67 General Product Specifications ........................................................................... 239
Table 68 Management Specifications ................................................................................. 240
Table 69 Physical and Environmental Specifications ......................................................... 240
Table 70 Classes of IP Addresses ..................................................................................... 243
Table 71 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ................................................................... 244
Table 72 “Natural” Masks .................................................................................................. 244
Table 73 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................... 245
Table 74 Two Subnets Example ......................................................................................... 245
Table 75 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................. 246
Table 76 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................. 246
Table 77 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................. 247
Table 78 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................. 247
Table 79 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................. 247
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Table 80 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................. 248
Table 81 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................... 248
Table 82 Class C Subnet Planning ..................................................................................... 248
Table 83 Class B Subnet Planning ..................................................................................... 249
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26
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the GS-2024 Gigabite Ethernet Switch.
This preface introduces you to the GS-2024 Gigabite Ethernet Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
Note: Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and
information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for
North American products.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
GS-2024 for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click
Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point
your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
• The GS-2024 Gigabite Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the GS-2024” or “the
switch” in this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 27
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Graphics Icons Key
GS-2024 Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
28 Preface
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The GS-2024 is a stand-alone layer-2 Gigabit Ethernet switch with 24 100/1000Mbps ports
and two mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) slots for optical uplinking and one console
port and RJ-45 port for local management.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 1
1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
DHCP Client
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet
mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the
TCP/IP information.
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 29
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin Scheduling (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets
from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across an Ethernet ring-based service provider network. MVR
allows one single multicast VLAN can be shared amoung different subscriber VLANs on the
network.
This improves bandwidth utilization with reduced multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and easy multicast group management.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
30 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
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