GS-2024
Gigabit Ethernet switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.60
Edition 2
8/2005
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 3
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Interference Statements and
Warnings
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
4 Interference Statements and Warnings
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Certifications
1 Go to www.zyxel.com.
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go
to that product's page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication
line cord.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Interference Statements and Warnings 5
GS-2024 User’s Guide
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL.
This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
6 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
CORPORATE
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(WORLDWIDE)
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
FINLAND
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KAZAKHSTAN
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SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com
www.europe.zyxel.com
sales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.zyxel.com
ftp.europe.zyxel.com
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-350 www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-359
support@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-00 www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-07
support@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy
sales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448
info@zyxel.fr +33-4-72-52-97-97 www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France
+33-4-72-52-19-20
support@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-0 www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.
sales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99
support@zyxel.hu +36-1-3361649 www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary
info@zyxel.hu +36-1-3259100
http://zyxel.kz/support +7-3272-590-698 www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan
sales@zyxel.kz +7-3272-590-689
support@zyxel.com 1-800-255-4101
+1-714-632-0882
sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
support@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81
www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
REGULAR MAIL
ZyXEL Communications Corp.
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Customer Support 7
GS-2024 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
POLAND
RUSSIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM
* “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
info@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications
+48 (22) 333 8251
http://zyxel.ru/support +7-095-542-89-29 www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia
sales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25
support@zyxel.es +34-902-195-420 www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications
sales@zyxel.es +34-913-005-345
support@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701
support@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-247-69-78 www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine
sales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32
support@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.uk
REGULAR MAIL
ul. Okrzei 1A
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Poland
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Russia
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Kiev, 04050
Ukraine
www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)
8 Customer Support
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright ..................................................................................................................3
Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 4
ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 6
Customer Support.................................................................................................... 7
Preface ....................................................................................................................27
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 29
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................29
1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................29
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................31
1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................32
1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................32
1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................32
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................33
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................33
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................34
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................34
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 37
2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................37
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................38
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................38
2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................38
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................38
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................38
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 41
3.1 Front Panel Connection ....................................................................................41
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................41
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................42
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................44
3.3 Front Panel LEDs ...........................................................................................44
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 47
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................47
4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................47
4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................48
4.4 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................52
4.5 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................53
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................54
4.7 Help ..................................................................................................................54
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................42
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .......................................................................................42
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................43
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................43
3.2.1 Power Connector ......................................................................................44
4.3.1 Change Your Password .........................................................................51
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................53
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 55
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................55
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................55
5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................56
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...........................................57
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 59
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................59
6.2 Port Status Summary .....................................................................................59
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ..............................................................................61
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 65
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................65
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................65
7.3 General Setup ...............................................................................................67
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................69
7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................70
7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................71
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................71
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................74
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 77
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ....................................................77
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................77
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................78
8.2.1 GARP .......................................................................................................78
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................78
8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................78
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................79
8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................79
8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................80
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ...................................................................................80
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN .......................................................................81
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ..............................................................83
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup ................................................................................85
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ..................................................................85
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 89
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................89
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ..............................................................89
Chapter 10
Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................................... 93
10.1.1 STP Terminology ...................................................................................93
10.1.2 How STP Works ....................................................................................94
10.1.3 STP Port States .....................................................................................94
10.2 STP Status .................................................................................................94
10.3 Configure STP ...............................................................................................96
Chapter 11
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................. 99
11.1 Bandwidth Control Setup .................................................................................99
Chapter 12
Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 103
12.1 Overview ........................................................................................................103
12.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .....................................................................103
Chapter 13
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 107
13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................107
13.2 Port Mirroring Setup .......................................................................................107
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
Chapter 14
Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 109
14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................109
14.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...........................................................................109
14.3 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................110
14.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................. 111
Chapter 15
Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 115
15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................115
15.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................115
Chapter 16
Port Security......................................................................................................... 121
14.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................110
15.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 115
15.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ............................................................ 116
15.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 118
16.1 Overview ........................................................................................................121
16.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................121
Chapter 17
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 123
17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................123
17.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) ...............................................................123
17.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................123
17.2 Configuring Queuing .....................................................................................124
Chapter 18
Multicast................................................................................................................ 125
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................125
18.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................125
18.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................125
18.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................125
18.2 Multicast Status ..............................................................................................126
18.3 Multicast Setup ..............................................................................................126
18.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................128
18.5 MVR Overview ...............................................................................................130
18.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................130
18.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................130
18.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................131
18.6 General MVR Configuration ..........................................................................131
18.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................133
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18.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................135
Chapter 19
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 139
19.1 Configuring ...................................................................................................139
Chapter 20
Differentiated Services ........................................................................................ 141
20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................141
20.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ..............................................................141
20.1.2 DiffServ Network Example ...................................................................141
20.2 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping .......................................................142
20.3 Configuring DSCP Settings ...........................................................................142
Chapter 21
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 145
21.1 The Maintenance Screen ...............................................................................145
21.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................145
21.3 Restore a Configuration File .........................................................................146
21.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ....................................................................146
21.5 Load Factory Defaults ...................................................................................147
21.6 Reboot System ...............................................................................................147
21.7 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................148
21.7.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................148
21.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................149
21.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................149
21.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................150
21.7.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................150
Chapter 22
Access Control..................................................................................................... 151
22.1 Overview ......................................................................................................151
22.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................151
22.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................152
22.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................153
22.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................153
22.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................154
22.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts .................................................................155
22.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................156
22.5 How SSH works .............................................................................................156
22.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................157
22.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................158
22.7 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................158
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GS-2024 User’s Guide
22.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................159
22.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................162
22.10 Remote Management .................................................................................163
Chapter 23
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 165
23.1 Diagnostic .....................................................................................................165
Chapter 24
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 167
24.1 Overview ........................................................................................................167
24.2 Cluster Management Status ..........................................................................168
24.3 Configuring Cluster Management .................................................................170
22.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................159
22.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................159
22.8.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................160
24.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................169
24.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................169
Chapter 25
MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 173
25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................173
25.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................174
Chapter 26
ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 175
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................175
26.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................175
26.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................175
Chapter 27
Introducing the Commands ............................................................................... 177
27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................177
27.1.1 Switch Configuration File ......................................................................177
27.2 Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................177
27.2.1 Access Priority .....................................................................................178
27.2.2 The Console Port ..................................................................................178
27.2.2.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................178
27.2.3 Telnet ...................................................................................................178
27.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................179
27.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................179
27.5 Getting Help ...................................................................................................180
27.5.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................180
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27.5.2 Detailed Command Information ............................................................181
27.6 Command Modes ...........................................................................................181
27.7 Using Command History ................................................................................182
27.8 Saving Your Configuration ..............................................................................182
27.8.1 Logging Out ..........................................................................................183
27.9 Command Summary ......................................................................................183
27.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................183
27.9.2 Enable Mode .........................................................................................184
27.9.3 General Configuration Mode .................................................................187
27.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ........................................................195
27.9.5 config-vlan Commands .........................................................................197
27.9.6 mvr Commands ....................................................................................199
Chapter 28
Command Examples........................................................................................... 201
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................201
28.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................201
28.2.1 show system-information .....................................................................201
28.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................202
28.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................202
28.2.4 show interface ......................................................................................203
28.2.5 show mac address-table ......................................................................204
28.3 ping ...............................................................................................................205
28.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................205
28.5 Enabling RSTP ...............................................................................................206
28.6 Configuration File Maintenance ....................................................................206
28.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ......................................................207
28.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................207
28.7 no Command Examples .................................................................................208
28.7.1 no mirror ...............................................................................................208
28.7.2 no https timeout ....................................................................................208
28.7.3 no trunk .................................................................................................209
28.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................209
28.7.5 no ssh ...................................................................................................210
28.8 interface Commands ......................................................................................210
28.8.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................210
28.8.2 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................211
28.8.3 mirror ...................................................................................................212
28.8.4 gvrp ......................................................................................................213
28.8.5 ingress-check .......................................................................................213
28.8.6 frame-type ............................................................................................213
28.8.7 queuing-method spq ............................................................................214
28.8.8 queuing-method wrr .............................................................................214
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Chapter 29
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 219
29.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview ...........................................................219
29.2 VLAN Databases ............................................................................................219
29.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................220
29.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................221
29.5 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................223
29.6 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................226
29.7 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................226
29.8 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................226
28.8.9 egress set ............................................................................................215
28.8.10 qos priority ..........................................................................................215
28.8.11 name ...................................................................................................216
28.8.12 speed-duplex ......................................................................................216
29.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ................................................................219
29.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) ...........................................................220
29.4.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................221
29.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................221
29.4.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................222
29.4.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................222
29.4.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................223
29.5.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................223
29.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................223
29.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................224
29.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................224
29.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................225
29.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................225
29.5.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................225
16
Chapter 30
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 229
30.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................229
30.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................230
30.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................230
30.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................230
30.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................233
30.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................235
30.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................237
Appendix A
Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 239
Appendix B
GS-2024 User’s Guide
IP Subnetting ........................................................................................................ 243
Index...................................................................................................................... 251
17
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18
GS-2024 User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .......................................................................................... 32
Figure 2 Bridging Application ............................................................................................ 33
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application .............................................................. 33
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ............................................................................... 34
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example .................................................................. 35
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................................ 37
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ......................................................................... 38
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................... 39
Figure 9 Front Panel .........................................................................................................41
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ....................................................................... 43
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ........................................................................................ 43
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ........................................................ 43
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .......................................................................... 44
Figure 14 Rear Panel ......................................................................................................... 44
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login .................................................................................... 47
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .......................................................... 48
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .............................................................. 52
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ....................................................... 54
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ..................................................................... 54
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................ 55
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ........................................................... 57
Figure 22 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................................ 58
Figure 23 Status ................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 24 Status: Port Details ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 25 System Info ........................................................................................................ 66
Figure 26 General Setup .................................................................................................... 68
Figure 27 Switch Setup ...................................................................................................... 70
Figure 28 IP Setup ............................................................................................................. 72
Figure 29 Port Setup ..........................................................................................................75
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................... 79
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type ....................................................................... 80
Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................................... 80
Figure 33 VLAN: Static VLAN ........................................................................................... 82
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting .................................................................................. 84
Figure 35 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ........................................................... 86
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................................ 87
19
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Figure 37 Static MAC Forwarding ...................................................................................... 90
Figure 38 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .......................................................................... 95
Figure 39 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration .............................................................. 97
Figure 40 Bandwidth Control .............................................................................................. 100
Figure 41 Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 104
Figure 42 Mirroring ............................................................................................................. 107
Figure 43 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ......................................................... 110
Figure 44 Link Aggregation: Configuration ......................................................................... 112
Figure 45 RADIUS Server ................................................................................................. 115
Figure 46 Port Authentication ............................................................................................. 116
Figure 47 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................ 117
Figure 48 Port Authentication: RADIUS ............................................................................. 118
Figure 49 Port Security ...................................................................................................... 122
Figure 50 Queuing Method ................................................................................................ 124
Figure 51 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................. 127
Figure 52 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ......................................................................... 129
Figure 53 MVR Network Example ...................................................................................... 130
Figure 54 MVR Multicast Television Example .................................................................... 131
Figure 55 MVR ................................................................................................................... 132
Figure 56 MVR: Group Configuration ................................................................................. 134
Figure 57 MVR Configuration Example .............................................................................. 135
Figure 58 MVR Configuration Example .............................................................................. 136
Figure 59 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................. 137
Figure 60 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................... 137
Figure 61 Static Routing ..................................................................................................... 139
Figure 62 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field ................................................................. 141
Figure 63 DiffServ Network Example ................................................................................. 142
Figure 64 DiffServ .............................................................................................................. 143
Figure 65 Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 145
Figure 66 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................ 145
Figure 67 Restore Configuration ........................................................................................ 146
Figure 68 Backup Configuration ......................................................................................... 146
Figure 69 Load Factory Default: Conformation .................................................................. 147
Figure 70 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................ 147
Figure 71 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................................ 148
Figure 72 Reboot System: Start ......................................................................................... 148
Figure 73 Console Port Priority .......................................................................................... 151
Figure 74 Access Control ................................................................................................... 152
Figure 75 SNMP Management Model ............................................................................... 152
Figure 76 Access Control: SNMP ...................................................................................... 154
Figure 77 Access Control: Logins ...................................................................................... 155
Figure 78 SSH Communication Example ............................................................................ 156
Figure 79 How SSH Works ................................................................................................. 157
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Figure 80 HTTPS Implementation ....................................................................................... 158
Figure 81 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................... 159
Figure 82 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................ 160
Figure 83 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................ 160
Figure 84 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) ......................................................................... 161
Figure 85 Login Screen (Netscape) .................................................................................... 162
Figure 86 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................ 163
Figure 87 Access Control: Remote Management .............................................................. 164
Figure 88 Diagnostic ..........................................................................................................165
Figure 89 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................... 167
Figure 90 Cluster Management: Status .............................................................................. 168
Figure 91 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................... 169
Figure 92 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .............................. 170
Figure 93 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................................. 171
Figure 94 MAC Table Flowchart ......................................................................................... 173
Figure 95 MAC Table ......................................................................................................... 174
Figure 96 ARP Table .......................................................................................................... 176
Figure 97 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................................. 178
Figure 98 CLI: Login Screen .............................................................................................. 179
Figure 99 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ........................................................... 180
Figure 100 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ......................................................... 181
Figure 101 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 .................................... 181
Figure 102 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ................................... 181
Figure 103 CLI: History Command Example ...................................................................... 182
Figure 104 CLI: write memory ............................................................................................ 183
Figure 105 show system-information Command Example ................................................. 201
Figure 106 show ip Command Example ............................................................................ 202
Figure 107 show logging Command Example .................................................................... 203
Figure 108 show interface Command Example ................................................................. 204
Figure 109 show mac address-table Command Example ................................................. 205
Figure 110 ping Command Example .................................................................................. 205
Figure 111 traceroute Command Example ......................................................................... 206
Figure 112 Enable RSTP Command Example ................................................................... 206
Figure 113 CLI: boot config Command Example ............................................................... 207
Figure 114 CLI: reload config Command Example ............................................................ 207
Figure 115 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ...................................................... 208
Figure 116 no mirror Command Example .......................................................................... 208
Figure 117 no https timeout Command Example ............................................................... 208
Figure 118 no trunk Command Example ............................................................................ 209
Figure 119 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ........................................... 210
Figure 120 no ssh Command Example .............................................................................. 210
Figure 121 interface Command Example ........................................................................... 211
Figure 122 bandwidth-limit Command Example ................................................................ 212
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Figure 123 mirror Command Example ............................................................................... 212
Figure 124 gvrp Command Example ................................................................................. 213
Figure 125 ingress-check Command Example .................................................................. 213
Figure 126 frame-type Command Example ....................................................................... 214
Figure 127 queuing-method spq Command Example ........................................................ 214
Figure 128 queuing-method wrr Command Example ........................................................ 215
Figure 129 egress set Command Example ........................................................................ 215
Figure 130 qos priority Command Example ....................................................................... 216
Figure 131 name Command Example ............................................................................... 216
Figure 132 speed-duplex Command Example ................................................................... 217
Figure 133 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ...................................... 220
Figure 134 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .......................................... 221
Figure 135 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................................ 221
Figure 136 GARP Timer Command Example ..................................................................... 222
Figure 137 GVRP Status Command Example ................................................................... 222
Figure 138 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ..................................................... 223
Figure 139 frame type Command Example ....................................................................... 224
Figure 140 no gvrp Command Example ............................................................................ 224
Figure 141 Modifying Static VLAN Example ...................................................................... 225
Figure 142 no vlan Command Example ............................................................................. 226
Figure 143 show vlan Command Example ........................................................................ 227
Figure 144 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................. 231
Figure 145 Internet Options ............................................................................................... 231
Figure 146 Internet Options ................................................................................................ 232
Figure 147 Pop-up Blocker Settings ................................................................................... 233
Figure 148 Internet Options ................................................................................................ 234
Figure 149 Security Settings - Java Scripting ..................................................................... 235
Figure 150 Security Settings - Java .................................................................................... 236
Figure 151 Java (Sun) ......................................................................................................... 237
22
GS-2024 User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................................ 41
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs .................................................................................................. 44
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview .................................................................... 49
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .......................................................... 49
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links .......................................................................................... 50
Table 6 Status ..................................................................................................................... 60
Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................ 62
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................................ 66
Table 9 General Setup ....................................................................................................... 68
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................................ 70
Table 11 IP Setup ............................................................................................................... 73
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................................ 75
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ......................................................................... 78
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 81
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN .............................................................................................. 83
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting .................................................................................... 84
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ...................................................................................... 87
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................................ 90
Table 19 STP Path Costs ................................................................................................... 93
Table 20 STP Port States ................................................................................................... 94
Table 21 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ........................................................................... 95
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................................ 98
Table 23 Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 100
Table 24 Broadcast Storm Control ..................................................................................... 104
Table 25 Mirroring .............................................................................................................. 107
Table 26 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ....................................................................... 110
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................................ 110
Table 28 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................................ 111
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ............................................... 113
Table 30 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................. 118
Table 31 Port Authentication: RADIUS ............................................................................... 118
Table 32 Port Security ........................................................................................................122
Table 33 Physical Queue Priority ....................................................................................... 123
Table 34 Queuing Method .................................................................................................. 124
Table 35 Multicast Status ................................................................................................... 126
Table 36 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................. 127
23
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Table 37 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile .......................................................................... 129
Table 38 MVR ..................................................................................................................... 132
Table 39 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................................. 134
Table 40 Static Routing ...................................................................................................... 139
Table 41 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ................................................................... 142
Table 42 DiffServ ................................................................................................................ 143
Table 43 Filename Conventions ......................................................................................... 148
Table 44 Access Control Overview .................................................................................... 151
Table 45 SNMP Commands ............................................................................................... 153
Table 46 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................................ 153
Table 47 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................................ 154
Table 48 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................................ 155
Table 49 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................. 163
Table 50 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................................ 164
Table 51 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................ 165
Table 52 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .................................................... 167
Table 53 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................................... 168
Table 54 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................ 170
Table 55 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................................ 171
Table 56 MAC Table ........................................................................................................... 174
Table 57 ARP Table ............................................................................................................176
Table 58 Command Summary: User Mode ....................................................................... 183
Table 59 Command Summary: Enable Mode .................................................................... 184
Table 60 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .......................................................... 187
Table 61 interface port-channel Commands ...................................................................... 195
Table 62 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ..................................................... 197
Table 63 mvr Commands ................................................................................................... 199
Table 64 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ....................................................... 229
Table 65 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................................ 230
Table 66 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................................ 237
Table 67 General Product Specifications ........................................................................... 239
Table 68 Management Specifications ................................................................................. 240
Table 69 Physical and Environmental Specifications ......................................................... 240
Table 70 Classes of IP Addresses ..................................................................................... 243
Table 71 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ................................................................... 244
Table 72 “Natural” Masks .................................................................................................. 244
Table 73 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................... 245
Table 74 Two Subnets Example ......................................................................................... 245
Table 75 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................. 246
Table 76 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................. 246
Table 77 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................. 247
Table 78 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................. 247
Table 79 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................. 247
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Table 80 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................. 248
Table 81 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................... 248
Table 82 Class C Subnet Planning ..................................................................................... 248
Table 83 Class B Subnet Planning ..................................................................................... 249
25
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26
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the GS-2024 Gigabite Ethernet Switch.
This preface introduces you to the GS-2024 Gigabite Ethernet Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
Note: Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and
information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for
North American products.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
GS-2024 for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click
Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point
your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
• The GS-2024 Gigabite Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the GS-2024” or “the
switch” in this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 27
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Graphics Icons Key
GS-2024 Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
28 Preface
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The GS-2024 is a stand-alone layer-2 Gigabit Ethernet switch with 24 100/1000Mbps ports
and two mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) slots for optical uplinking and one console
port and RJ-45 port for local management.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 1
1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
DHCP Client
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet
mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the
TCP/IP information.
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 29
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin Scheduling (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets
from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across an Ethernet ring-based service provider network. MVR
allows one single multicast VLAN can be shared amoung different subscriber VLANs on the
network.
This improves bandwidth utilization with reduced multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and easy multicast group management.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
30 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.
• Cluster Management
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.
1.3 Hardware Features
This section describes the ports on the switch.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The ports allow the switch to connect to another Ethernet devices or daisy-chain to other
switches.
Mini-GBIC Slots
Install SFP transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
One Management Port
Use the RJ-45 management port for switch management only. The management port is out-ofband, meaning that it does not carry switch traffic.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.
1.4 Applications
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.4.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.4.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33
GS-2024 User’s Guide
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 77.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35
GS-2024 User’s Guide
36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Hardware Installation and
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Connection
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 37
GS-2024 User’s Guide
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
38 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
GS-2024 User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 39
GS-2024 User’s Guide
40 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.
Figure 9 Front Panel
LEDs
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Console Port
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
24 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports
Mini-GBIC
Ports
Console Port Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
Management
Port
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
100/1000 Mbps Ethernet Ports
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
switch.
Mini-GBIC Ports
Management Port
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 41
GS-2024 User’s Guide
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports
The switch has 24 100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit ports. The speed of
the Gigabit ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex (at
100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/
1000Mpbs) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
Two Gigabit ports are paired with the two mini GBIC slots. The switch uses up to one
connection for each pair for a total of two possible Gigabit connections (one from each of the
two pairs). The mini GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini
GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port
will be disabled.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
• Link Aggregation: Disabled
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP (Small Form-factor
Pluggable) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i
specification Rev 1.0 for details.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
42 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example
GS-2024 User’s Guide
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The power receptacle is on the read
panel.
Figure 14 Rear Panel
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power
source. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.3 Front Panel LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
Off The system is off.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Off The system is functioning normally.
44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
GS-2024 User’s Guide
LNK/ACT
(Gigabit
ports)
FDX
(Gigabit
ports)
GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 1000 Mbps
Ethernet network.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
On The port is connected at 10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45
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46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
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CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in
the Location or Address field. Press
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
[ENTER].
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 47
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4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
48 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING ADVANCED APPLICATION IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation
Protocol Status
Link Aggregation
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
DiffServ
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore
Configuration
Backup
Configuration
Load Factory Default
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access
Control
Diagnostic
Cluster Management
Status
Configuration
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49
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Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details (continued)
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Port Security
Queuing Method
Multicast
Multicast Status
Multicast Setting
IGMP Filtering
Profile
MVR
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
MAC Table
ARP Table
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the management IP
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
Advanced
Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
Static MAC
Forwarding
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
information about the switch.
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority queues.
address, subnet mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name
server).
ports.
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum incoming bandwidth
allowed on specified port(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate maximum port security
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure SPQ or WRR with
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
IP Application
Static Routing This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ and set DSCP-to-
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
through the use of configured static MAC addresses.
associated queue weights.
and create multicast VLANs.
defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
IEEE802.1p mappings.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51
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Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Switch Lockout
You can be locked out from managing the switch if another administrator is currently logged
in. You must wait until the other administrator has logged out before you can log in.
Any of the following could also lock you and others out from using in-band management
(managing through the data ports).
1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 With port-based VLAN, disabling the CPU in-band switch management port option for
all ports.
3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disabling all ports.
5 Assigning minimum bandwidth to the CPU port. If you limit bandwidth to the CPU port,
you may find that the switch performs sluggishly or not at all.
6 Misconfiguring the text configuration file.
7 Forgetting the password and/or IP address.
8 Preventing all services from accessing the switch.
9 Changing a service port number but forgetting it.
10Incorrectly configuring the access control settings. This could also lock you out from
performing out-of-band management (managing through the console port or management
port).
52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.
4.5 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) out of the switch, you can try using out-of-band management.
If you still cannot correct the situation or forgot the password, you will need to reload the
factory-default configuration file..
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
GS-2024 User’s Guide
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 41 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 After a configuration file upload, type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the switch.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53
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Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 05/18/2004 15:28:28
AM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.60(LT.0)b3 | 06/21/2005 17:00:44
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
...............................
Enter Debug Mode
GS-2024> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
GS-2024> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.7 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the switch IP management address
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 55
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1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the VLAN2
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is
connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 10 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware
devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging
check box to set the switch to
remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings.
5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
56 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
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In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced
Applications and VLAN
in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field
for port 10 and click
Apply to save the
settings.
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP
address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 57
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Figure 22 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 47 for more information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP address
to belong. This is the same as the
VLAN ID you configure in the
Static VLAN screen.
6 Click Add.
58 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The status screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links
to each port showing statistical details.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 59
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Figure 23 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Link This field displays the speed (either 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for 1000Mbps) and
State This field displays the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) state of the port. See the
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
60 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
started.
screen (refer to Figure 24 on page 62).
the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex).
chapter on STP for details on STP states.
enabled on the port.
Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt system statistic polling.
Clear Counter Select a port from the Port drop-down list box and then click Clear Counter to erase
the recorded statistical information for that port.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 61
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Figure 24 Status: Port Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field identifies the Ethernet port described in this screen.
Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex
mode.
Status This field shows the training state of the ports. The states are FORWARDING
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
62 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
(forwarding), which means the link is functioning normally or STOP (the port is stopped
to break a loop or duplicate path).
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission was inhibited
Excessive This is a count of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of frames received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Rx Packet
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
transmitted.
received.
maximum frame size.
exactly one collision.
by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
frame have already been transmitted.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 63
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to stop port statistic polling.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
64 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask(s) and DNS
(domain name server) for management purposes.
GS-2024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 65
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Figure 25 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
Current This field displays the current temperature measured at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
This field displays the version number of the switch's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
66 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Fan speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the minimum voltage at which the switch should work.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this point;
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
otherwise Error is displayed.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
7.3 General Setup
Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 67
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Figure 26 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
32 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's
Name
Login
Precedence
characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the name of the person in charge of this switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are not allowed.
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username and password.
68 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GS-2024 User’s Guide
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 69
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See Chapter 8 on page 77 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 27 Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 77 for more information.
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.
70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The switch has four physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add switch IP address.
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
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You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
Note: You must configure a VLAN first.
Figure 28 IP Setup
72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Domain
Name Server
Default
Management
In-band
Management
IP Address
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP address,
Stat ic IP
Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address. VID is the
Out-of-band Management IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.0.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring the fields again.
In-band IP
Addresses
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN specified in
IP Subnet
Mask
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the out-of-band
management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the out-of-band
management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these packets.
subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address
automatically.
Select this option if you don¡¦t have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select
this option.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by
default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device
from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot
access the device. To access the switch make sure the port that you are connected to is
a member of Management VLAN.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this management
port is in the same subnet before accessing the switch.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254.
You can create up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch
from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
the VID field below.
Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default
Gateway
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays the IP address.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.
Default
Gateway
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.
bottom of the screen.
This field displays the the IP address of the default outgoing gateway.
7.7 Port Setup
Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to enter the port
configuration screen.
74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 29 Port Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port.
Type This field displays 100/1000M for this connection.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 75
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
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Table 12 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the connection on this port.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
Jumbo Frame Jumbo frames are used to forward non-standard packet sizes on your network. These
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex or 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 70 for more information.
frames can deliver frames of up to 9216 bytes instead of standard Ethernet frames of
1522 bytes. Fewer packets are required for large data transfer, improving traffic
throughput on the port.
Select this option to allow a port to send and receive jumbo frames.
Note: The peer device must also support non-standard packet traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
CHAPTER 8
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
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VLAN
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN
ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
78 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Acceptable frame
type
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
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this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.
that do not have this port as a member
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
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Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status
80 Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamically using GVRP or
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt polling statistics.
Change Pages Click Previous Page or Next Page to show the previous/next screen if all status
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
screen.
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
VLAN was set up.
statically, that is, added as a permanent entry.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
information cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN
To configure a static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen as shown next.
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Figure 33 VLAN: Static VLAN
82 Chapter 8 VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
this VLAN Group ID.
Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
VLAN settings.
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings
To configure the VLAN settings on a port, click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN
Status screen.
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Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
84 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Acceptable Frame
Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Apply Click Apply to save the changes
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All, Tag Only and Untag
Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag On ly to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (see Figure 31 on page 80)
and then click VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
Chapter 8 VLAN 85
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Figure 35 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
86 Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.
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Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
Apply Click Apply to save the changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
88 Chapter 8 VLAN
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
A static MAC address entry is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address
learning table. Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address
rules, you are setting static MAC addresses for a port. Devices that match static MAC address
rules on a port can only receive traffic on that port and cannot receive traffic on other ports.
This may reduce unicast flooding.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 16 on page 121 for more information
on port security.
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forwarding
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.
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Figure 37 Static MAC Forwarding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Select a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
automatically forwarded.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
90 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding
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Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding 91
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92 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding
Spanning Tree Protocol
This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP).
10.1 STP/RSTP Overview
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STPonly aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
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CHAPTER 10
Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.
10.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).
Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.
Table 19 STP Path Costs
LINK SPEED RECOMMENDED VALUE
Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED RANGE
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On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
10.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
10.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
Table 20 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
forwarded.
10.2 STP Status
Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next.
94 Chapter 10 Spanning Tree Protocol
Figure 38 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 10.3 on page 96.
Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this
Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC
Hello Time
(second)
Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a
Forwarding Delay
(second)
Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.
Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch
Topology Changed
Times
Time Since Last
Change
This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.
switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.
address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.
This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and
Forwarding Delay.
configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
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Table 21 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Polling Interval The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may
change the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then
clicking Set Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt STP statistic polling.
10.3 Configure STP
To configure STP, click the Configuration link in the Spanning Tree Protocol screen as
shown next.
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Figure 39 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status Click Status to display the Spanning Tree Protocol Status screen (see Figure 38
Active Select this check box to activate STP. Clear this checkbox to disable STP.
Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port.
Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units)
Max Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU
Forwarding Delay This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch will wait before changing states.
Port This field displays the port number.
Active Select this check box to activate STP on this port.
Priority Configure the priority for each port here.
Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
on page 95).
The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root
switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC
address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list
box.
The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time,
Max Age and Forwarding Delay.
configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10
seconds.
before attempting to reconfigure. All switch ports (except for designated ports)
should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information
(provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it
is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the switch ports attached to
the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.
This delay is required because every switch must receive information about
topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs
time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state;
otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30
seconds.
As a general rule:
2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)
Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a
loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The
allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.
assigned according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher
the cost - see Table 19 on page 93 for more information.
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Bandwidth Control
This chapter shows you how you can cap the maximum bandwidth using the Bandwidth
Control screen.
11.1 Bandwidth Control Setup
Bandwidth control means defining a maximum allowable bandwidth for incoming and/or outgoing traffic flows on a port.
Click Advanced Application and then Bandwidth Control in the navigation panel to bring
up the screen as shown next.
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Figure 40 Bandwidth Control
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 23 Bandwidth Control
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable bandwidth control on the switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate bandwidth control on a port.
Ingress Rate Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed in Kilobits per second (Kbps) for the incoming
traffic flow on a port. Select a number from the drop-down list box.
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