Default Login Details
User’s Guide
VMG3625-T20A
Dual-Band Wireless AC/N Combo WAN Gigabit Gateway with USB
LAN IP Address http://192.168.1.1
Login admin
Password 1234
Version 5.30 Edition 1, 06/2017
Copyright © 2017 Zyxel Communications Corporation
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
This is a User’s Guide for a system managing a series of products. Not all products support all features.
Menushots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from what you see due to differences in release
versions or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information
in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the managed device.
•More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the VMG
.
VMG3625-T20A User’s Guide
2
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ......................................................................................................................................14
Introducing the VMG ........................................................................................................................... 15
The Web Configurator ......................................................................................................................... 25
Quick Start ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Tutorials .................................................................................................................................................. 36
Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................67
Network Map and Status Screens ...................................................................................................... 68
Broadband ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Wireless ................................................................................................................................................... 98
Home Networking ............................................................................................................................... 125
Routing ................................................................................................................................................. 140
Quality of Service (QoS) .................................................................................................................... 147
Network Address Translation (NAT) ................................................................................................... 165
Dynamic DNS Setup ........................................................................................................................... 182
Interface Grouping ............................................................................................................................ 186
USB Service .......................................................................................................................................... 191
Firewall ................................................................................................................................................. 196
MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................................ 203
Parental Control ................................................................................................................................. 205
Scheduler Rule .................................................................................................................................... 210
Certificates .......................................................................................................................................... 212
Log ....................................................................................................................................................... 219
Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................... 222
ARP Table ............................................................................................................................................ 225
Routing Table ...................................................................................................................................... 227
xDSL Statistics ....................................................................................................................................... 229
Cellular Statistics ................................................................................................................................ 231
System .................................................................................................................................................. 233
User Account ...................................................................................................................................... 234
Remote Management ....................................................................................................................... 237
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................... 240
Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................ 242
E-mail Notification .............................................................................................................................. 244
Logs Setting ........................................................................................................................................ 246
Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................................................................. 249
Backup/Restore .................................................................................................................................. 251
Diagnostic ........................................................................................................................................... 254
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Contents Overview
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................. 256
Appendices ............................................ ........................................................... ..............................262
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Contents Overview .............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................5
Part I: User’s Guide.......................................................................................... 14
Chapter 1
Introducing the VMG............................................................... .... .... ... ...............................................15
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 15
1.2 Ways to Manage the VMG ........................................................................................................... 15
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the VMG .......................................................................................... 15
1.4 Applications for the VMG ............................................................................................................. 16
1.4.1 Internet Access ...................................................................................................................... 16
1.4.2 VMG’s USB Support ............................................................................................................... 18
1.5 Wireless Access ............................................................................................................................... 19
1.6 Hardware ......................................................................................................................................... 20
1.6.1 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................. 20
1.6.2 LEDs (Lights) ........................................................................................................................... 20
1.6.3 Side Panel .............................................................................................................................. 21
1.6.4 Using the WLAN and WPS Buttons ....................................................................................... 22
1.6.5 Rear Panel .............................................................................................................................. 23
1.6.6 The RESET Button .................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator........................................................................................................................25
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 25
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................... 25
2.2 Web Configurator Layout .............................................................................................................. 27
2.2.1 Title Bar ................................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.2 Main Window ......................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.3 Navigation Panel .................................................................................................................. 28
Chapter 3
Quick Start..........................................................................................................................................32
3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 32
3.2 Quick Start Setup ............................................................................................................................ 32
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Table of Contents
Chapter 4
Tutorials...............................................................................................................................................36
4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 36
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection ....................................................................................... 36
4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .......................................................................................... 39
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings ......................................................................... 39
4.3.2 Using WPS ............................................................................................................................... 41
4.3.3 Without WPS ........................................................................................................................... 44
4.3.4 Configure Your Notebook .................................................................................................... 47
4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups ............................................................................................. 48
4.5 Using the File Sharing Feature ....................................................................................................... 52
4.5.1 Set Up File Sharing ................................................................................................................. 52
4.5.2 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ...................................................................... 55
4.6 Using the Media Server Feature .................................................................................................... 55
4.6.1 Configuring the VMG ........................................................................................................... 56
4.6.2 Using Windows Media Player ...............................................................................................56
4.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network ........................................................ 58
4.8 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ................................................................................... 60
4.9 Access the VMG Using DDNS ........................................................................................................ 63
4.9.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ........................................................... 63
4.9.2 Configuring DDNS on Your VMG ......................................................................................... 63
4.9.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ...................................................................................................... 64
4.10 Configuring the MAC Address Filter ........................................................................................... 64
4.11 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ............................................................................. 65
Part II: Technical Reference........................................................................... 67
Chapter 5
Network Map and Status Screens....................................................................................................68
5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 68
5.2 The Network Map Screen .............................................................................................................. 68
5.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................................................... 69
Chapter 6
Broadband..........................................................................................................................................72
6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 72
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ....................................................................................... 72
6.1.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................... 73
6.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................... 76
6.2 The Broadband Screen .................................................................................................................. 76
6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection .............................................................................................77
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Table of Contents
6.3 The Cellular Backup Screen .......................................................................................................... 85
6.4 The Advanced Screen ................................................................................................................... 91
6.5 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................................... 93
Chapter 7
Wireless...............................................................................................................................................98
7.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 98
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ....................................................................................... 98
7.1.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................................................................... 98
7.2 The General Screen ...................................................................................................................... 99
7.2.1 No Security ........................................................................................................................... 101
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ....................................................................................................... 101
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ................................................................................................ 102
7.3 The Guest/More AP Screen ......................................................................................................... 103
7.3.1 Edit Guest/More AP ........................................................................................................... 104
7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen ................................................................................................ 106
7.5 The WPS Screen ............................................................................................................................ 107
7.6 The WMM Screen .......................................................................................................................... 109
7.7 The Others Screen ........................................................................................................................ 109
7.8 The Channel Status Screen ......................................................................................................... 112
7.9 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................... 112
7.9.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................112
7.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms ................................................................................................... 114
7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................. 114
7.9.4 Signal Problems ................................................................................................................... 116
7.9.5 BSS ......................................................................................................................................... 117
7.9.6 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................. 117
7.9.7 Preamble Type .................................................................................................................... 118
7.9.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ...............................................................................................118
Chapter 8
Home Networking............................................................................................................................125
8.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 125
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..................................................................................... 125
8.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................... 126
8.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 127
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen .................................................................................................................. 127
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen ............................................................................................................... 131
8.4 The UPnP Screen ........................................................................................................................... 132
8.4.1 Turning On UPnP in Windows 7 Example .......................................................................... 133
8.5 The Additional Subnet Screen ..................................................................................................... 135
8.6 The STB Vendor ID Screen ............................................................................................................ 136
8.7 The Wake on LAN Screen ............................................................................................................ 136
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8.8 The TFTP Server Name Screen ..................................................................................................... 137
8.9 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................... 137
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the VMG ................................................................................................. 137
8.9.2 DHCP Setup ......................................................................................................................... 138
8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses ......................................................................................................... 138
8.9.4 LAN TCP/IP ........................................................................................................................... 139
Chapter 9
Routing..............................................................................................................................................140
9.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 140
9.2 The Routing Screen ...................................................................................................................... 140
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route ......................................................................................................... 141
9.3 The DNS Route Screen ................................................................................................................. 142
9.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen ............................................................................................... 143
9.4 The Policy Route Screen .............................................................................................................. 143
9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route ........................................................................................................ 145
9.5 RIP ............................................................................................................................................... 145
9.5.1 The RIP Screen ..................................................................................................................... 146
Chapter 10
Quality of Service (QoS) ........................................ ..........................................................................147
10.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 147
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 147
10.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 148
10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ................................................................................... 149
10.4 The Queue Setup Screen ........................................................................................................... 150
10.4.1 Editing a QoS Queue ....................................................................................................... 152
10.5 The Classification Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 153
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class .......................................................................................................... 154
10.6 The QoS Shaper Setup Screen .................................................................................................. 157
10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper ................................................................................................... 158
10.7 The QoS Policer Setup Screen ................................................................................................... 158
10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer ................................................................................................... 159
10.8 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 160
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................165
11.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 165
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 165
11.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 165
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ..................................................................................................... 166
11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ................................................................................................ 168
11.3 The Applications Screen ............................................................................................................ 169
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Table of Contents
11.3.1 Add New Application ....................................................................................................... 170
11.4 The Port Triggering Screen ......................................................................................................... 171
11.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule ..........................................................................................172
11.5 The DMZ Screen .......................................................................................................................... 173
11.6 The ALG Screen .......................................................................................................................... 174
11.7 The Address Mapping Screen ................................................................................................... 175
11.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..................................................................................... 176
11.8 The Sessions Screen .................................................................................................................... 177
11.9 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 177
11.9.1 NAT Definitions ................................................................................................................... 177
11.9.2 What NAT Does ................................................................................................................. 178
11.9.3 How NAT Works .................................................................................................................. 179
11.9.4 NAT Application ................................................................................................................ 179
Chapter 12
Dynamic DNS Setup.........................................................................................................................182
12.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 182
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 182
12.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 182
12.2 The DNS Entry Screen ................................................................................................................. 183
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry ........................................................................................................... 183
12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .......................................................................................................... 184
Chapter 13
Interface Grouping..........................................................................................................................186
13.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 186
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 186
13.2 The Interface Group Screen ...................................................................................................... 186
13.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ....................................................................................... 187
13.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria ............................................................................................189
Chapter 14
USB Service......................................................... .... .... ... ............................................. ......................191
14.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 191
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 191
14.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 191
14.1.3 Before You Begin ............................................................................................................... 192
14.2 The File Sharing Screen .............................................................................................................. 192
14.2.1 The Add New Share Screen ............................................................................................. 194
14.2.2 The Add New User Screen ............................................................................................... 195
14.3 The Media Server Screen ........................................................................................................... 195
Chapter 15
Firewall..............................................................................................................................................196
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Table of Contents
15.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 196
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 196
15.1.2 What You Need to Know ................................................................................................. 197
15.2 The Firewall Screen ..................................................................................................................... 197
15.3 The Protocol Screen .................................................................................................................. 198
15.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ........................................................................................................... 199
15.4 The Access Control Screen ....................................................................................................... 200
15.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ..................................................................................................... 200
15.5 The DoS Screen ........................................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 16
MAC Filter .........................................................................................................................................203
16.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 203
16.2 The MAC Filter Screen ................................................................................................................ 203
Chapter 17
Parental Control...............................................................................................................................205
17.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 205
17.2 The Parental Control Screen ..................................................................................................... 205
17.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile ................................................................................ 206
Chapter 18
Scheduler Rule .................................................................................................................................210
18.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 210
18.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen ........................................................................................................ 210
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ........................................................................................................ 210
Chapter 19
Certificates .......................................................................................................................................212
19.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 212
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 212
19.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 212
19.3 The Local Certificates Screen ................................................................................................... 212
19.3.1 Create Certificate Request ............................................................................................ 213
19.3.2 Load Signed Certificate .................................................................................................. 215
19.4 The Trusted CA Screen ............................................................................................................... 216
19.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ............................................................................................ 217
19.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate .......................................................................................... 218
Chapter 20
Log ..................................... ................................................ ...............................................................219
20.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 219
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 219
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Table of Contents
20.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 219
20.2 The System Log Screen .............................................................................................................. 220
20.3 The Security Log Screen ............................................................................................................. 220
Chapter 21
Traffic Status .....................................................................................................................................222
21.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 222
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 222
21.2 The WAN Status Screen .............................................................................................................. 222
21.3 The LAN Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 223
21.4 The NAT Status Screen ................................................................................................................ 224
Chapter 22
ARP Table..........................................................................................................................................225
22.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 225
22.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................................. 225
22.2 ARP Table Screen ....................................................................................................................... 226
Chapter 23
Routing Table....................................................................................................................................227
23.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 227
23.2 The Routing Table Screen .......................................................................................................... 227
Chapter 24
xDSL Statistics ....................................... ... .... .... ............................................ .....................................229
24.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen .......................................................................................................... 229
Chapter 25
Cellular Statistics .............................................................................................................................231
25.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 231
25.2 The Cellular Statistics Screen ..................................................................................................... 231
Chapter 26
System...............................................................................................................................................233
26.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 233
26.2 The System Screen ...................................................................................................................... 233
Chapter 27
User Account................. .... .... .... .......................................................................................................234
27.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 234
27.2 The User Account Screen .......................................................................................................... 234
27.2.1 The User Account Add and Edit Screens ....................................................................... 235
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Table of Contents
Chapter 28
Remote Management.....................................................................................................................237
28.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 237
28.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 237
28.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ........................................................................................................ 237
28.3 The Trust Domain Screen ............................................................................................................ 238
28.3.1 The Add Trust Domain Screen ......................................................................................... 239
Chapter 29
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................240
29.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 240
29.2 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................ 240
Chapter 30
Time Settings.....................................................................................................................................242
30.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 242
30.2 The Time Screen ......................................................................................................................... 242
Chapter 31
E-mail Notification ...........................................................................................................................244
31.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 244
31.2 The E-mail Notification Screen .................................................................................................. 244
31.2.1 E-mail Notification Edit .................................................................................................... 244
Chapter 32
Logs Setting ......................................................................................................................................246
32.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 246
32.2 The Logs Setting Screen ............................................................................................................. 246
32.2.1 Example E-mail Log ........................................................................................................... 247
Chapter 33
Firmware Upgrade................................................. ............................................ ..............................249
33.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 249
33.2 The Firmware Screen .................................................................................................................. 249
Chapter 34
Backup/Restore ...............................................................................................................................251
34.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 251
34.2 The Backup/Restore Screen ...................................................................................................... 251
34.3 The Reboot Screen ..................................................................................................................... 253
Chapter 35
Diagnostic.........................................................................................................................................254
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35.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 254
35.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 254
35.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 254
35.3 Ping & TraceRoute & Nslookup ................................................................................................. 255
Chapter 36
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................256
36.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ............................................................................... 256
36.2 VMG Access and Login ............................................................................................................. 257
36.3 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................... 258
36.4 Wireless Internet Access ............................................................................................................. 260
36.5 USB Device Connection ............................................................................................................ 261
36.6 UPnP ............................................................................................................................................. 261
Part III: Appendices......................................................................................262
Appendix A Customer Support ..................................................................................................... 263
Appendix B Wireless LANs............................................................................................................... 269
Appendix C IPv6.............................................................................................................................. 280
Appendix D Services....................................................................................................................... 288
Appendix E Legal Information ....................................................................................................... 292
Index.................................................................................................................................................299
VMG3625-T20A User’s Guide
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PART I
User’s Guide
14
1.1 Overview
The VMG is a wireless VDSL router. It has a DSL port as well as a Ethernet WAN port for Internet access.
The VMG works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). The VMG has
one USB port for sharing files via a USB storage device or connecting a cellular dongle for a WAN
backup connection.
Apart from the features listed above, the VMG also supports:
• Packet Transfer Mode (PTM)
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
• ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+
• IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac
CHAPTER 1
Introducing the VMG
Only use firmware for your VMG’s specific model. Refer to the label on
the bottom of your VMG.
Note: Cellular networks refer to 3G only at the time of writing.
Note: See the product page on Zyxel’s website for the list of compatible cellular USB dongles.
1.2 Ways to Manage the VMG
Use any of the following methods to manage the VMG.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the VMG using a (supported)
web browser.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the VMG
Do the following things regularly to make the VMG more secure and to manage the VMG more
effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of
characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
VMG3625-T20A User’s Guide
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Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working
configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your
password, you will have to reset the VMG to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier
configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the VMG. You could simply restore your
last configuration.
1.4 Applications for the VMG
Here are some example uses for which the VMG is well suited.
1.4.1 Internet Access
Computers can connect to the VMG’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
You can also configure IP filtering on the VMG for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all
incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your
network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely
browse the Internet and download files.
1.4.1.1 DSL
Your VMG provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a
splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL. The VMG
cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.
Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you configure in
the VMG. Refer to Section 6.2 on page 76 for the Network Setting > Broadband screen.
VMG3625-T20A User’s Guide
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Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
DSL
DSL
DSL
Figure 1 VMG’s Internet Access Application: DSL
1.4.1.2 Ethernet WAN
If you prefer not to use a DSL line and you have another broadband modem or router (such as ADSL)
available, you can connect the Ethernet WAN port to the broadband modem or router. This way, you
can access the Internet via an Ethernet connection and still use the QoS, Firewall and parental control
functions on the VMG. The VMG cannot have Ethernet WAN and DSL connections at the same time.
Note that an Ethernet WAN connection has priority.
Figure 2 VMG’s Internet Access Application: Ethernet WAN
VMG3625-T20A User’s Guide
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1.4.2 VMG’s USB Support
DSL
The USB port of the VMG is used for cellular WAN backup, file-sharing and media server.
Cellular WAN (3G) Backup
Connect a supported cellular USB dongle with an active SIM card to the USB port. This adds a second
WAN interface and allows the VMG to wirelessly access the Internet via a cellular network. The cellular
WAN connection is the failover or a backup in case the DSL or Ethernet WAN connection fails.
To set up a cellular connection, click Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup.
To update the supported cellular USB dongle list, download the latest WWAN package from the Zyxel
website and upload it to the VMG using the Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade screen.
Figure 3 VMG’s Internet Access Application: Cellular WAN
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
File Sharing
Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). Use FTP to access
the files on the USB device.
Figure 4 USB File Sharing Application
VMG3625-T20A User’s Guide
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Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
DSL
Media Server
You can also use the VMG as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music, and
photos from a USB device (B) connected to the VMG’s USB port (without having to copy them to
another computer).
Figure 5 USB Media Server Application
1.5 Wireless Access
The VMG is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers, iPads, smart
phones, etc. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet
cables.
You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button.
See Section 1.6.4 on page 22 for more information about how to set up a wireless network with WLAN
and WPS buttons.
Figure 6 Wireless Access Example
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1.6 Hardware
1.6.1 Front Panel
The following graphic displays the front panel of the VMG.
Figure 7 VMG3625-T20A Front Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
1.6.2 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 8 LEDs on the VMG
None of the LEDs are on if the VMG is not receiving power.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER
Green On The VMG is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The VMG is self-testing.
Red On The VMG detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The VMG is upgrading firmware.
Off The VMG is not receiving power.
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Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Green On The VDSL line is up.
DSL
Orange On The ADSL line is up.
Green On The VMG has an IP connection but no traffic.
INTERNET
Red On The VMG attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes
Green On The VMG has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN
Green On The VMG has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
ETHERNET1~4
Green On The wireless network is activated.
WLAN
Orange Blinking The VMG is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless
Green On The VMG recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
USB
Blinking The VMG is initializing the VDSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Slow
Blinking
Fast
Blinking
Blinking The VMG is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Blinking The VMG is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/1000
Off The VMG does not have an Ethernet connection with the WAN.
Blinking The VMG is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100 Mbps.
Off The VMG does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
Blinking The VMG is communicating with wireless clients.
Off The wireless network is not activated or down.
Blinking The VMG is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device connected to it.
Off The VMG does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
The VMG is detecting carrier signals.
The VMG is initializing the ADSL line.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server). PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
WAN.
Mbps.
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
client.
1.6.3 Side Panel
The following graphics display the side panel of the VMG.
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21
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
Figure 9 VMG3625-T20A Side Panel
The following table describes the items on the side panel..
Table 2 Side Panel Buttons
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WLAN Press the WLAN button for more than two seconds to enable the wireless function.
WPS Press the WPS button for more than five seconds to quickly set up a secure wireless connection
USB The USB port is used for cellular WAN backup, file-sharing and media server.
between the device and a WPS-compatible client.
1.6.4 Using the WLAN and WPS Buttons
If the wireless network is turned off, press the WLAN button for more than two seconds. Once the WLAN
LEDs turn green, the wireless networks to 2.4GHz and 5GHz are active.
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the VMG and
a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
1 Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.
2 Press the WPS button for more than five seconds and release it.
3 Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the VMG. The WLAN LEDs flashe
orange while the VMG sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
4 Once the connection is successfully made, the WLAN LEDs shine green. Note that it depends on your
client’s configuration to have a 2.4GHz or 5GHz wireless network.
5 If the wireless network is not successfully established via the physical WPS button, please set up with no
WPS method. See Section 4.3.3 on page 44 for more information.
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To turn off the wireless network, press the WLAN button for more than two seconds. The WLAN LED turns
off when the wireless network is off.
1.6.5 Rear Panel
The following graphic displays the rear panel of the VMG.
Figure 10 VMG3625-T20A Rear Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
The following table describes the items on the rear panel..
Table 3 Rear Panel Ports
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Power
Button
Power Connect the power cable and press the power button to start the device.
Reset Press the button to return theVMG to the factory defaults.
LAN1 ~ LAN4 Connect computers or other Ethernet devices to Ethernet ports for Internet
WAN Connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet WAN port for Internet access.
DSL Connect a RJ-11 cable to the DSL port for Internet access.
Press the power button after the power cable is connected to start the
device.
access.
1.6.6 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will
lose all configurations that you had previously. The password will be reset to “1234”, and the LAN IP
address will be”192.168.1.1”.
1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
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Chapter 1 Introducing the VMG
2 To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for five seconds or until the
POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have
been restored and the device restarts.
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2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy VMG setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 9.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 43 and
later versions or Safari 4.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
CHAPTER 2
The Web Configurator
• Web browser pop-up windows from your
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
VMG. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1 Make sure your VMG hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2 Launch your web browser. If the VMG does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go to
http://192.168.1.1.
3 A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the VMG, type
the default username admin and password 1234 in the password screen and click Login. If you have
changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
Figure 11 Password Screen
4 The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. Enter a new password, retype
it to confirm and click Apply.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Figure 12 Change Password Screen
5 The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure basic Internet access, and wireless settings.
See Chapter 3 on page 32 for more information.
6 After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Network Map page appears.
Figure 13 Network Map
7 Click the right arrow icon to display the Status screen, where you can view the VMG’s interface and
system information.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
A
B
C
2.2 Web Configurator Layout
Figure 14 Screen Layout
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - main window
• C - navigation panel
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
The icons provide the following functions.
Table 4 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON DESCRIPTION
Language: Select the language you prefer.
Quick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the VMG’s time zone
Internet access, and wireless settings.
Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
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2.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this
document.
After you click the right arrow icon on the Connection Status (Network Map) page, the Status screen is
displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 69 for more information about the Status screen.
2.2.3 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure VMG features. The following
tables describe each menu item.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Connection Status This screen shows the network status of the VMG and computers/devices
Network Setting
Broadband Broadband Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
Cellular Backup Use this screen to configure cellular WAN connection.
Advanced Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J,
Wireless General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
Guest/More AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the VMG.
MAC
Authentication
WPS Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
WMM Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).
Others Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings.
Channel Status Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results.
Home
Networking
LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced
Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
UPnP Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off.
Additional
Subnet
STB Vendor ID Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top Box
Wake on LAN Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the local network.
TFTP Server Name Configure a TFTP server name which is sent to clients using DHCP option
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
connected to it.
assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add new
WAN connections.
and DSL PhyR functions.
authentication/security settings.
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices of
certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the VMG.
settings.
properties.
addresses.
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
(STB) devices, which have the VMG automatically create static DHCP
entries for the STB devices when they request IP addresses.
66.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Routing Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the VMG.
DNS Route
Policy Route
RIP Use this screen to configure Routing Information Protocol to exchange
QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also
Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Classification
Setup
Shaper Setup Use this screen to limit outgoing traffic rate on the selected interface.
Policer Setup
NAT Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.
Applications Use this screen to configure servers behind the VMG.
Port Triggering Use this screen to change your VMG’s port triggering settings.
DMZ Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets from
ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Address Mapping Use this screen to change your VMG’s address mapping settings.
Sessions Use this screen to configure the maximum number of NAT sessions each
DNS DNS Entry Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.
Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.
Interface
Grouping
USB Service File Sharing Use this screen to enable file sharing via the VMG.
Security
Firewall General Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.
MAC Filter MAC Filter Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC
Parental
Control
Scheduler Rule Scheduler Rule Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured
Certificates Local Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
System Monitor
Interface
Grouping
Media Server Use this screen to use the VMG as a media server.
Protocol Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules.
Access Control Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.
DoS Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS)
Parental Control Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.
Trusted CA
Use this screen to forward DNS queries for certain domain names through
a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s).
Use this screen to configure policy routing on the VMG.
routing information with other routers.
configure the QoS rules and actions.
Use this screen to define a classifier.
ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen.
client host is allowed to have through the VMG.
Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
attacks.
addresses to the VMG.
restriction (such as parental control) is enforced.
certificates and certification requests.
Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Log System Log Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the VMG.
You can export or e-mail the logs.
Security Log Use this screen to view all security related events. You can select level
and category of the security events in their proper drop-down list
window.
Levels include:
•Emergency
•Alert
• Critical
• Error
• Warning
•Notice
• Informational
•Debugging
Categories include:
• Account
• Attack
•Firewall
• MAC Filter
Traffic Status WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the
WAN port of the VMG.
LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the
NAT Use this screen to view NAT statistics for connected hosts.
ARP table ARP table Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC address
Routing Table Routing Table Use this screen to view the routing table on the VMG.
xDSL Statistics xDSL Statistics Use this screen to view the VMG’s xDSL traffic statistics.
Cellular
Statistics
Maintenance
System System
User Account User Account Use this screen to change user password on the VMG.
Remote
Management
SNMP SNMP Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Time Time Use this screen to change your VMG’s time and date.
Email
Notification
Log Setting Log Setting Use this screen to change your VMG’s log settings.
Firmware
Upgrade
Backup Restore Backup/Restore Use this screen to backup and restore your VMG’s configuration
Cellular Statistics Use this screen to look at cellular Internet connection status.
MGMT Services Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.
Trust Domain Use this screen to configure a list of public IP addresses which are
Email Notification Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender addresses
Firmware
Upgrade
LAN ports of the VMG.
of each DHCP connection.
Use this screen to set Device name and Domain name.
allowed to access the VMG.
Protocol) settings.
on the VMG.
Use this screen to upload firmware to your VMG.
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Reboot Reboot Use this screen to reboot the VMG without turning the power off.
Diagnostic Ping&Traceroute
&Nslookup
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can
use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.
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3.1 Overview
Use the Quick Start screens to configure the VMG’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless
settings.
Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on Chapter 4 on page 36) for
background information on the features in this chapter.
3.2 Quick Start Setup
1 To have Internet access, you can connect the DSL port directly to the telephone wall outlet or a DSL
splitter using the gray telephone cable. Also, you can connect the WAN port to a gateway modem
using an Ethernet cable.
CHAPTER 3
Quick Start
1 Connect a computer to the LAN port using the yellow Ethernet cable to expand the your network.
1 Connect the power cable to turn on the VMG.
2 The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Quick Start icon in the top
right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of your
location. Click Next.
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Figure 15 Quick Start - Welcome
Chapter 3 Quick Start
3 Select a broadband interface, and enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen
and fields to enter may vary depending on your current connection type. Click Next.
Figure 16 Quick Start - Internet Connection
4 Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure your
wireless clients to connect to the VMG. Click Save. Note that you can only enable the connection to the
2.4GHz wireless network in the Quick Start screen. If you want to enable the 5GHz wireless network,
please go to Network Setting > Wireless > General screen.
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Chapter 3 Quick Start
Figure 17 Quick Start - Wireless Setting
5 Your VMG saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet. Click Close to complete the
setup.
Figure 18 Quick Start - Result Summary
6 Check the LED. If the Internet connection was set up successfully, the Internet LED should light up in
green. If it fails, go through the Quick Start screens to configure again or go to the Broadband screen to
configure the WAN settings. See Section 6.2 on page 80 for more information about the Broadband
screen.
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34
Chapter 3 Quick Start
7 If you enabled the connection to the 2.4GHz wireless network, check the WLAN 2.4G LED. It should light
up in green when 2.4GHz wireless network is activated successfully. It it’s not, go through the Quick Start
screens to configure again or go to the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen to configure the
wireless settings. See Section 7.2 on page 99 for more information about the screen.
Note: See Section 1.6.2 on page 20 for more information about LEDs.
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4.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to use the VMG’s various features.
• Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection, see page 36
• Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 39
• Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups, see page 48
• Using the File Sharing Feature, see page 52
• Using the Media Server Feature, see page 55
• Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 58
• Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup, see page 60
• Access the VMG Using DDNS, see page 63
• Configuring the MAC Address Filter, see page 64
• Access Your Shared Files From a Computer, see page 65
CHAPTER 4
Tutorials
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection
This tutorial shows you how to set up an ADSL Internet connection using the Web Configurator.
If you connect to the Internet through an ADSL connection, use the information from your Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to configure the VMG. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information
you need to configure the Broadband screens.
1 Click Network Setting > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add New WAN Interface.
2 In this example, the DSL connection has the following information.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
General
Name MyDSLConnection
Type ADSL over ATM
Connection Mode Routing
Encapsulation PPPoE
IPv6/IPv4 Mode IPv4
ATM PVC Configuration
VPI/VCI 36/48
Encapsulation Mode LLC/SNAP-Bridging
Service Category UBR without PCR
Account Information
PPP User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.com
PPP Password ABCDEF!
PPPoE Service Name MyDSL
Static IP Address 192.168.1.32
Others Authentication Method: AUTO
PPPoE Passthrough: Disabled
NAT: Enabled
IGMP Multicast Proxy: Enabled
Apply as Default Gateway: Enabled
VLAN: Disabled
3 Select Enablein the Active field. Enter the General and ATM PVC Configuration settings as provided
above.
Set the Type to ADSL over ATM.
Choose the Encapsulation specified by your DSL service provider. For this example, the service provider
requires a username and password to establish Internet connection. Therefore, select PPPoE as the WAN
encapsulation type.
Set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only.
4 Enter the account information provided to you by your DSL service provider.
5 Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply as Default Gateway check
box. Then select DNS as Static and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as 192.168.5.2
(DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2).
6 Leave the rest of the fields to the default settings.
7 Click Apply to save your settings.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
8 You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadband screen as follows.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
DSL
Try to connect to a website to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to
contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens.
4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this
wireless network, the VMG serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client. The
wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the VMG. Then he can set up a wireless
network using WPS (Section 4.3.2 on page 41) or manual configuration (Section 4.3.3 on page 44).
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network.
SSID Example
Security Mode WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11 Mode 802.11b/g/n Mixed
1 Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level
and WPA2-PSK as the security mode. Configure the screen using the provided parameters (see
page 39). Click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
2 Go to the Wireless > Others screen and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply.
Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the
VMG (see Section 4.3.2 on page 41). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client to search for the
VMG (see Section 4.3.3 on page 44).
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4.3.2 Using WPS
2
1
3
This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the VMG as the AP and a WPSenabled Android smartphone as the wireless client.
There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two methods.
• PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the VMG. A wireless client
must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings from the VMG.
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1 Make sure that your VMG is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless signal.
2 WPS is enabled by default on the VMG. If not, log into VMG’s Web Configurator and turn it on in the
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen. You can either press the WPS button on the VMG’s panel for more
than five seconds or press the WPS button in the Network > Wireless > WPS screen.
Chapter 4 Tutorials
3 Go to your phone settings and turn on Wi-Fi. Open the Wi-Fi networks list and tap WPS Push Button or the
WPS icon ( ).
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within
two minutes of pressing the first one.
The VMG sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes.
The wireless client is then able to communicate with the VMG securely.
The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by
pressing a button on the both VMG and wireless client (the Android smartphone in this example).
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
DSL
DSL
Example WPS Process: PBC Method
PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to check the client’s PIN number and use the
VMG’s web configurator.
1 Go to your phone settings and turn on Wi-Fi. Open the Wi-Fi networks list and tap WPS PIN Entry to get a
PIN number.
2 Log into VMG’s web configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the
WPS function and click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
1
2
3
3 Enter the PIN number of the wireless client and click the Register button within two minutes.
The VMG authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless
client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the VMG
securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a VMG and a wireless
client (ex. the Android smartphone in this example) by using PIN method.
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43
Chapter 4 Tutorials
DSL
DSL
DSL
DSL
DSL
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
4.3.3 Without WPS
In this example, we change the VMG’s wireless settings, manually select the VMG’s new SSID, and enter
the Wi-Fi key to connect a wireless client to the VMG.
Note: The VMG supports IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac wireless clients. Make sure that your
notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.3.3.1 Configuring Wireless Security on the VMG
This section shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your
VMG.
SSID SSID_Example
Channel Auto
Security WPA2-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your VMG.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected and you are logged into the Web Configurator
through your LAN connection (see Section 2.3 on page 18).
1 Open the Network > Wireless > General screen in the VMG’s Web Configurator.
2 Select 2.4GHz or 5GHz in the Band field, and make sure the Enable check box is selected in the Wireless
field.
3 Enter SSID_Example as the SSID and select Auto in the Channel field to have the VMG scans for and
select an available channel automatically.
4 Select More Secure as the secure level, set security mode to WPA2-PSK, and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-
sharedkey in the Password field. Click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
5 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information.
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4.3.4 Configure Your Notebook
Note: In this example, we use a Windows 7 laptop that has a built-in wireless adapter as the
wireless client.
1 Click the Wi-Fi icon in your computer’s system tray.
2 The Wireless Network Connection screen displays. Click the refresh button to update the list of the
available wireless APs within range.
3 Select SSID_Example and click Connect.
Chapter 4 Tutorials
4 The following screen displays if WPS is enabled on the VMG but you didn’t press the WPS button. Click
Connect using as security key instead.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
5 Type the security key in the following screen. Click OK.
6 Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below.
7 If the wireless client keeps trying to connect to or acquiring an IP address from the VMG, make sure you
entered the correct security key.
If the connection has limited or no connectivity, make sure the VMG is connected to a router with the
DHCP server enabled.
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL
of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection
is successfully configured.
4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups
Company A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown in the
following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
DSL
• Employees in Company A will use a general Company wireless network group.
• Higher management level and important visitors will use the VIP group.
• Visiting guests will use the Guest group, which has a different SSID and password.
Company A will use the following parameters to set up the wireless network groups.
COMPANY VIP GUEST
SSID Company VIP Guest
Security Level More Secure More Secure More Secure
Security Mode WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key ForCompanyOnly 123456789 guest123
1 Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Use this screen to set up the company’s
general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
2 Click Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP to open the following screen. Click the Edit icon to
configure the second wireless network group.
3 Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
4 In the Guest/More AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network group. Configure
the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
5 Check the status of VIP and Guest in the Guest/More AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the SSIDs
are active and ready for wireless access.
4.5 Using the File Sharing Feature
In this section you can:
• Set up file sharing of your USB device from the VMG.
• Access the shared files of your USB device from a computer.
4.5.1 Set Up File Sharing
To set up file sharing you need to connect your USB device, enable file sharing and set up your share(s).
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Before enabling file sharing in the VMG, please set up your shares beforehand in the USB. Also, the
following special characters are not allowed for the USB share name: ", ', `, <, >, ^, $, |, &, ;, \, /, :, *, and
?.
4.5.1.1 Activate File Sharing
Connect your USB device to the USB port at the side panel of the VMG.
Click Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing. Select Enable and click Apply to activate the file
sharing function. The VMG automatically adds your USB device to the Information.
Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.5.1.2 Set up File Sharing on Your VMG
You also need to set up file sharing on your VMG in order to share files.
1 Click Add New Share in the File Sharing screen to add a new share. Select your USB device from the
Volume drop-down list box.
2 Click Browse to browse through all the files on your USB device. Select the folder that you want to add as
a share. In this example, select BobShare. Click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
If the share names include the following special characters: ", ', `, <, >, ^, $, |, &, ;, \, /, :, *, and ?, the
following screen will appear. To avoid this, please correct your share names in the USB, and repeat the
steps above.
3 It’s mandatory for you to add a description for the share. Also, if you want the share to be accessed by
users connecting to the VMG, you can select Public in Access Level or select Security to specific users’
use only. Please note that you need to create the users’ accounts that are eligible to access the secure
shares beforehand under Account Management, if you want to configure the Access Level to Security.
For detailed information, please refer to the steps below. The Add Share Directory screen should look like
the following. Click Apply to finish.
4 This sets up the file sharing server. You can see the USB storage device listed in the table below.
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Chapter 4 Tutorials
5 If you want specific users only to access the shares, you need to Add New Users in Account
Management. Once you click the Add New User button, you’ll be directed to the User Account screen.
To create a user account that can access the secured shares on the USB device, click the Add New
Account button in the Network Setting > Maintenance > User Account screen.
Please see Chapter 29 on page 225, for detailed information about User Account screen.
6 After you create a new user account, the screen should look like the following.
4.5.2 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer
You can use Windows Explorer to access the file storage devices connected to the VMG.
Note: The examples in this User’s Guide show you how to use Microsoft’s Windows 7 to browse
your shared files. Refer to your operating system’s documentation for how to browse
your file structure.
Open Windows Explorer to access BobShare using Windows Explorer browser.
In Windows Explorer’s Address bar type a double backslash “\\” followed by the IP address of the VMG
(the default IP address of the VMG is 192.168.1.1) and press [ENTER]. The share folder BobShare is
available.
Once you access BobShare via your VMG, you do not have to relogin unless you restart your computer.
4.6 Using the Media Server Feature
Use the media server feature to play files on a computer.
This section shows you how the media server feature works using the following media clients:
• Microsoft (MS) Windows Media Player
Media Server works with Windows 7. Make sure your computer is able to play media files (music,
videos and pictures).
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Before you begin, connect the USB storage device containing the media files you want to play to the
USB port of your VMG.
4.6.1 Configuring the VMG
To use your VMG as a media server, click Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server.
Enable Media Server, select an interface on which you want to enable the media server function, enter
the path clients use to access the media files on a USB storage device connected to the VMG, and click
Apply. This enables DLNA-compliant media clients to play the video, music and image files in your USB
storage device.
4.6.2 Using Windows Media Player
This section shows you how to play the media files on the USB storage device connected to your VMG
using Windows Media Player.
Windows 7
1 Open Windows Media Player. It should automatically detect the VMG.
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If you cannot see the VMG in the left panel as shown above, go to Organize > Manage Libraries >
Music/Videos/Pictures/Recorded TV > Add > \\192.168.1.1\BobShare. (Select the folder containing the
media you wish to upload to Windows Media Player.)
2 In the right panel, you should see a list of files available in the USB storage device.
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DSL
4.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the
VMG’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows how to
configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
In the following figure, router R is connected to the VMG’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1
(192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to
computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the VMG’s WAN default gateway by default. In this
case, B will never receive the traffic.
You need to specify a static routing rule on the VMG to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding
traffic to N2. In this case, the VMG routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B.
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This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
Table 6 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS
The VMG’s WAN 172.16.1.1
The VMG’s LAN 192.168.1.1
IP Type IPv4
Use Interface VDSL
A 192.168.1.34
R’s N1 192.168.1.253
R’s N2 192.168.10.2
B 192.168.10.33
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:
1 Log into the VMG’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.
2 Click Network Setting > Routing.
3 Click Add new Static Route in the Static Route screen.
4 Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a Select Enable in the Active field. Enter the Route Name as R.
4b Set IP Type to IPv4.
4c Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2.
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4d Select Enable in the Use Gateway IP Address field. Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the
Gateway IP Address field.
4e Select VDSL as the Use Interface.
4f Click OK.
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall
settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
4.8 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic
because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also upload
data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use
the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other branch offices.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of 10,000 kbps.
For this example, you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority with at least
5,000 kbps. You can do the following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic going to the WAN
interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion.
• Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example)
of your computer and map it to queue 7.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the VMG.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping
table on the VMG.
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10,000 kbps
DSL
Your computer
IP=192.168.1.23
A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
and/or
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
Email traffic: Highest priority
DSL
QoS Example
1 Click Network Setting > QoS > General and select Enable. Set your WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth
to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the VMG automatically determine this figure). Click Apply.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
2 Click Queue Setup > Edit to modify a queue. Enter or select the following values:
• Name: E-mail
• Interface: WAN
• Priority: 1 (High)
• Weight: 8
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
3 Click Classification Setup > Add new Classification to create a new class. Select Enable in the Active
field and follow the settings as shown in the screen below.
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Setup
Chapter 4 Tutorials
Class Name Give a class name to this traffic, such as E-mail in this example.
From Interface This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this example.
Ether Type Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address.
IP Address Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you know it.
MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if you know it.
To Queue Index Link this to an item in the Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup screen, which is the E-mail queue
created in this example.
This maps e-mail traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you have created in the
previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC address
to the E-mail queue (see the Source fields).
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4.9 Access the VMG Using DDNS
If you connect your VMG to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient for you
to manage the device from the Internet. The VMG’s WAN IP address changes dynamically. Dynamic
DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the VMG using a domain name.
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at, for example, www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial covers:
• Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
• Configuring DDNS on Your VMG
• Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
4.9.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
1 Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.
2 Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and password.
3 Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
4 Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
• Service Type: Host with IP address
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your VMG is currently using. You can find the IP address on
the VMG’s Web Configurator Status page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the VMG later.
4.9.2 Configuring DDNS on Your VMG
Configure the following settings in the Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS screen.
•Select Enable Dynamic DNS.
•Select www.DynDNS.com as the service provider.
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•Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.
• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).
Click Apply.
4.9.3 Testing the DDNS Setting
Chapter 4 Tutorials
Now you should be able to access the VMG from the Internet. To test this:
1 Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the Internet.
2 Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].
3 The VMG’s login page should appear. You can then log into the VMG and manage it.
4.10 Configuring the MAC Address Filter
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading
media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she can concentrate
on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the VMG. Thomas decides to use the
Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to Josephine’s
computer.
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1 Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select the Enable check box to activate MAC
filter function.
2 Select Allow. Then enter the host name and MAC address of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Click
Apply.
Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends. However,
Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet through the
VMG.
4.11 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer
Here is how to use an FTP program to access a file storage device connected to the VMG’s USB port.
Note: This example uses the FileZilla FTP program to browse your shared files.
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1 In FileZilla enter the IP address of the VMG (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s user name and
password and port 21 and click Quickconnect. A screen asking for password authentication appears.
File Sharing via Windows Explore r
2 Once you log in the USB device displays in the mnt folder.
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PART II
Technical Reference
67
Network Map and Status
5.1 Overview
After you log into the Web Configurator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network
connection status of the VMG and clients connected to it.
You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the VMG, system resources, and interfaces
(LAN, WAN, and WLAN).
5.2 The Network Map Screen
CHAPTER 5
Screens
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning message
appears if there is a connection problem.
Figure 19 Network Map: Icon View Mode
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Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens
If you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address if
you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change icon/name.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You can
configure how often you want the VMG to update this screen in Refresh interval.
Figure 20 Network Map: List View Mode
5.3 The Status Screen
Use this screen to view the status of the VMG. Click the right arrow icon in the Network Map (Connection
Status) screen to open this screen.
Figure 21 Status Screen
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 7 Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the VMG to update this screen.
Device Information
Host Name This field displays the VMG system name. It is used for identification.
Model Number This shows the model number of your VMG.
Serial Number This shows the serial number of your VMG.
Firmware
Version
WAN1 Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)
Encapsulation This field displays the current encapsulation method.
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the VMG in the WAN. Click Release to release your
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
MAC Address This field displays the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your
Primary/
Secondary DNS
Server
DHCP This field displays whether the WAN interface is using a DHCP IP address or a static IP address.
This is the current version of the firmware inside the VMG.
IP address to 0.0.0.0. If you want to renew your IP address, click Renew.
VMG.
This field displays the first/second DNS server IP address assigned to the VMG.
Choices are:
Client - The WAN interface can obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
None - The WAN interface is using a static IP address.
LAN Information
IP Address This is the current IP address of the VMG in the LAN.
IP Subnet Mask This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
IPv6 Link Local
Address
DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the VMG is providing to the LAN. The possible values
MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your VMG.
WLAN 2.4G/5G Information
MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of the wireless
Status This displays whether the WLAN is activated.
SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the VMG in a wireless LAN.
Channel This is the channel number used by the wireless interface now.
Security This displays the type of security mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
802.11 Mode This displays the type of 802.11 mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS This displays whether WPS is activated on the wireless interface.
This field displays the current link-local address of the VMG for the LAN interface.
are:
Server - The VMG is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in
the LAN.
Relay - The VMG acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses
between the remote server and the clients.
Disable - The VMG is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
interface.
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Table 7 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security
Firewall This displays the firewall’s current security level.
System Status
System Up Time This field displays how long the VMG has been running since it last started up. The VMG starts
up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it.
Current Date/
Time
System Resource
CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the VMG’s processing ability is currently used. When
Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the VMG’s memory is currently used. Usually, this
NAT Session
Usage
Interface Status
Interface This column displays each interface the VMG has.
Status This field indicates the interface’s use status.
This field displays the current date and time in the VMG. You can change this in
Maintenance> Time Setting.
this percentage is close to 100%, the VMG is running at full load, and the throughput is not
going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you
should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see Chapter 10 on page 147).
percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the VMG is
probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 34.2 on page
251, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.
This field displays what percentage of the VMG supported NAT sessions are currently being
used. This field also displays the number of active NAT sessions and the maximum number of
NAT sessions the VMG can support.
For the LAN and Ethernet WAN interfaces, this field displays Up when using the interface and
No Link when not using the interface.
For the WLAN interface, this field displays the enabled (Up) or disabled (Disable) state of the
interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line down), Up (line up or connected), Drop
(dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation, and No Link when not using the
interface.
For the cellular interface, this field displays Up when using the interface and No D evice when
no device is detected in any USB slot.
Rate For the LAN and Ethernet WAN interfaces, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate or N/A with WLAN
disabled.
For the cellular interface, this field displays signal strength bars when a cellular device is
installed in a USB slot and N/A when no device is detected in the USB slot.
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6.1 Overview
DSL
This chapter discusses the VMG’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your VMG for
Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It
connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a
computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 22 LAN and WAN
CHAPTER 6
Broadband
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN
settings on the VMG for Internet access (Section 6.2 on page 76).
• Use the Cellular Backup screen to configure cellular WAN connection (Section 6.3 on page 85).
• Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR
functions (Section 6.4 on page 91).
Table 8 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTION
CONNECTION DSL LINK TYPE MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGS
ADSL/VDSL over
PTM
N/A Routing PPPoE PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
Bridge N/A VLAN
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routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
and MTU
IPoE IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature,
DNS server, VLAN, and MTU
Table 8 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTION
CONNECTION DSL LINK TYPE MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGS
ADSL over ATM EoA Routing PPPoE/PPPoA ATM PVC configuration, PPP
Ethernet N/A
6.1.2 What You Need to Know
Chapter 6 Broadband
information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
and MTU
IPoE/IPoA ATM PVC configuration, IPv4/IPv6 IP
address, routing feature, DNS server,
VLAN, and MTU
Bridge N/A ATM PVC configuration
Routing PPPoE PPP user name and password, WAN
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature,
DNS server, VLAN and MTU
IPoE WAN IPv4/IPv6 IP address, NAT, DNS
server and routing feature
Bridge N/A VLAN
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the VMG, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is
used by the VMG to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or
dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the VMG tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS
server IP address(es).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data
transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service)
can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC)
between Finding Out More
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets
are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a
low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.
IPv6 Introduction
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in
IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 10
can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and supports IPv6 rapid deployment
(6RD).
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IP addresses. The VMG
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Chapter 6 Broadband
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So
2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as
2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double
colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So
2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as
2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
IPv6 Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into
eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character
(1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example,
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4 network.
When the VMG has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv4/IPv6 Mode to IPv4 Only, you can enable 6rd
to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The VMG generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s
Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local network can also
use IPv4 services. The VMG uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
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Figure 23 IPv6 Rapid Deployment
DSL
DSL
Chapter 6 Broadband
Dual Stack Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. When the
VMG has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv4/IPv6 Mode to IPv6 Only, you can enable Dual Stack Lite
to use IPv4 computers and services.
The VMG tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family Transition
Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use IPv6 services.
The VMG uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet.
Figure 24 Dual Stack Lite
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Chapter 6 Broadband
6.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
6.2 The Broadband Screen
Use this screen to change your VMG’s Internet access settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband from
the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services (connections) on the VMG.
Figure 25 Network Setting > Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New WAN
Interface
# This is the index number of the entry.
Name This is the service name of the connection.
Type This shows whether it is an ATM, a PTM or an Ethernet connection.
Mode This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode.
Encapsulation This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
802.1p This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
802.1q This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays
Igmp Proxy This shows whether the VMG act as an IGMP proxy on this connection.
NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection.
Default
Gateway
IPv6 This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when the
MLD Proxy This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this connection. MLD
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click this button to create a new connection.
displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.
N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.
This shows whether the VMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default
gateway.
connection uses the bridging service.
is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection.
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Chapter 6 Broadband
6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection
Click Add New WAN Interfac e in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN interface
to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode,
encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.
6.2.1.1 Routing Mode
Use Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an
Internet account.
The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL over ATM connection type, Routing
mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface type,
encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode.
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Chapter 6 Broadband
Figure 26 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate the interface.
Name Specify a descriptive name for this connection.
Type Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM or ADSL over ATM connection.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mode Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share
an Internet account.
Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This option is
available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.
The choices depend on the connection type you selected. If your connection type is ADSL/VDSL
over PTM, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL over ATM, the choices
are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA. If your connection type is Ethernet, the choices are PPPoE and
IPoE.
IPv4/IPv6 Mode Select IPv4 Only if you want the VMG to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack to allow the VMG to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Select IPv6 Only if you want the VMG to run IPv6 only.
PPP Information (This is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field.)
PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain
PPP Password Enter the password associated with the user name above. Select password unmask to show your
PPP Connection
Trigger
Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects
where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
entered password in plain text.
Select when to have the VMG establish the PPP connection.
Auto Connect - select this to not let the connection time out.
On Demand - select this to automatically bring up the connection when the VMG receives
packets destined for the Internet.
from the PPPoE server.
This field is not available if you select Auto Connect in the PPP Connection Trigger field.
PPPoE
Passthrough
IP Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Static IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Gateway IP
Address
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
In addition to the VMG’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow up to
ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via
the VMG. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.
Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client
software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP
assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a
dynamic IP address.
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
• LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying
the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE
or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
• VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To
transport multiple protocols, the VMG needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC
and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead
since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
payload.
Service
Category
Peak Cell
Rate [cells/s]
Sustainable
Cell Rate
Maximum
Burst Size
[cells]
VLAN (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM.)
Active Select Enable to activate VLAN on this WAN interface. Otherwise, select Disable to deactivate.
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
Select UBR Without PCRfor applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This
is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type
the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak
rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
MTU
MTU Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.
Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
NAT Enable Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.
Fullcone NAT
Enable
IGMP Proxy
Enable
Apply as Default
Gateway
DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Select this option to enable full cone NAT on this connection. This field is available only when you
activate NAT. In full cone NAT, the VMG maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP address
and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The VMG also maps packets
coming to that external IP address and port to the internal IP address and port.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Select this option to have the VMG act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the VMG
to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can
reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Select this option to have the VMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
Select Obtain DNS Info Automically if you want the VMG to use the DNS server addresses
assigned by your ISP.
Select Use Following Static DNS Address if you want the VMG to use the DNS server addresses
you configure manually.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Primary DNS
Server
Secondary DNS
Server
Tunnel
The DS-Lite (Dual Stack Lite) fields display when you set the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field to IPv6 Only.
Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on page 75
for more information.
Enabled DS-Lite This is available only when you select IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field. Select Enable to let
DS-Lite Relay
Server IP
6RD
The 6RD (IPv6 rapid deployment) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv4 Only. See IPv6 Rapid
Deployment on page 74 for more information.
6RD Select Enable to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network.
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network.
Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address.
Select Manually Configured if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server. Otherwise, select
Automatically configured by DHCPC to have the VMG detect it automatically through DHCP.
The Automatically configured by DHCPC option is configurable only when you set the method of
encapsulation to IPoE.
Service Provider
IPv6 Prefix
IPv4 Mask
Length
Border Relay
IPv4 Address
DHCPC Options (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Request Options Select Option 43 to have the VMG automatically add vendor specific information in the DHCP
Sent Options
option 60 Select this and enter the device identity you want the VMG to add in the DHCP discovery
Vendor ID Enter the Vendor Class Identifier, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
option 61 Select this and enter any string that identifies the device.
IAID Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN connection
DUID Enter the hardware type, a time value and the MAC address of the device.
option 125 Select this to have the VMG automatically generate and add vendor specific parameters in the
IPv6 Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Obtain an IPv6
Address
Automatically
Static IPv6
Address
Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s border relay router and connecting to the
native IPv6 Internet.
Enter the subnet mask number (1~32) for the IPv4 network.
When you select Manually Configured, specify the relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
packets to request the vendor specific options from the DHCP server.
Select Option 121 to have the VMG push static routes to clients.
packets that go to the DHCP server.
index number.
DHCP discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
Select Obtain an IPv6 Address Automatically if you want to have the VMG use the IPv6 prefix
from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Select Static IPv6 Address if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. When you select
this, the following fields appear.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Address Enter an IPv6 IP address that your ISP gave to you for this WAN interface.
Prefix Length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
IPv6 Default
Gateway
IPv6 Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode
field. You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.)
MLD Proxy
Enable
Apply as Default
Gateway
IPv6 DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.
Configure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section.
Obtain IPv6 DNS
Info
Automatically
Use Following
Static IPv6 DNS
Address
Primary DNS
Server
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your VMG's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
Select this checkbox to have the VMG act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allows the
VMG to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast
group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Select this option to have the VMG use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
Select Obtain IPv6 DNS Info Automatically to have the VMG get the IPv6 DNS server addresses
from the ISP automatically.
Select Use Following Static IPv6 DNS Address to have the VMG use the IPv6 DNS server addresses
you configure manually.
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
6.2.1.2 Bridge Mode
Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to the
connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen varies
depending on the interface type you select.
If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM or Ethernet as the interface type, the following screen appears.
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Figure 27 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM -Bridge
Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL/VDSL over PTM -Bridge or
Ethernet Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate the interface.
Name Enter a service name of the connection.
Type Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The VMG uses the VDSL
technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected
VLAN This section is available only when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field.
Active Select Enable to activate VLAN on this WAN interface. Otherwise, select Disable to deactivate.
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you
cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the
selected LAN port(s).
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater
the number, the higher the priority level.
If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
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Figure 28 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 12 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate the interface.
Name Enter a service name of the connection.
Type Select ADSL over ATM as the interface that you want to configure. The VMG uses the ADSL
technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI [0-255] The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI [32-65535]
Encapsulation
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select
Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic
from the selected LAN port(s).
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
• LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the
type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or
PPPoE in the Encapsulation field.
• VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To
transport multiple protocols, the VMG needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC
and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since
there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload.
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Table 12 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service
Category
Peak Cell
Rate [cells/s]
Sustainable
Cell Rate
Maximum
Burst Size
[cells]
VLAN
Active Select Enable to activate VLAN on this WAN interface. Otherwise, select Disable to deactivate.
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This
is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type
the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak
rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
6.3 The Cellular Backup Screen
The USB port (at the side panel of the VMG) allows you to attach a cellular dongle to wirelessly connect
to a cellular network for Internet access. You can have the VMG use the cellular WAN connection as a
backup. This means the VMG switches to the 3G wireless WAN connection after the wired DSL or
Ethernet WAN connection fails. Disconnect the DSL and Ethernet WAN ports to use the cellular dongle as
your primary WAN connection. The VMG automatically uses a wired WAN connection when available.
You can consult with your cellular service provider about the settings.
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DSL
Figure 29 Internet Access Application: Cellular WAN
Use this screen to configure your cellular settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup.
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The actual data rate you obtain varies depending on the cellular card you use, the signal strength to
the service provider’s base station, and so on.
Figure 30 Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > cellular Backup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Cellular Backup Select Enable to have the VMG use the cellular connection as your WAN or a backup when the
Ping Check Select Enable if you want the VMG to ping check the connection status of your WAN. You can
Check Cycle Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field.
Consecutive Fail Enter how many consecutive failures are required before cellular backup is triggered.
Ping Default
Gateway
Ping Host Select this to have the VMG ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this field.
Cellular Connection Settings
Card
description
Username Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service
Password Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name
Authentication The VMG supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake
wired WAN connection fails.
configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before triggering
cellular backup.
Select this to have the VMG ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address.
This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your cellular card if you inserted one in
the VMG. Otherwise, it displays N/A.
provider.
above.
Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP; however, PAP is readily available on
more platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls. Options
are:
AUTO - Your VMG accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node.
CHAP - Your VMG accepts CHAP only.
PAP - Your VMG accepts PAP only.
PIN A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a cellular card. Without the PIN code,
you cannot use the cellular card.
If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)
provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the cellular card may be blocked by
your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.
If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
Dial string Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s base
APN Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with
Connection Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out.
station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.
For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or cellular connection in Taiwan.
different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media
Messaging Service)) and charge method.
You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed.
Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle timeout in the Max Idle Timeout field.
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Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > cellular Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Max Idle
Timeout
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Use the
following static
IP address
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask of the IP address.
Obtain DNS info
Dynamically
Use the
following static
DNS IP address
Primary DNS
server
Secondary
DNS server
Enable E-mail
Notification
Mail
Account
Cellular
Backup Email Title
Send
Notification
to E-mail
Advanced Click this to show the advanced cellular backup settings.
Budget Setup
Enable Budget
Control
Time Budget Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the cellular connection can be used
Data Budget
(Mbytes)
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the VMG automatically disconnects
from the ISP.
Select this option if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Select this option if the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
Select this to have the VMG get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.
Select this to have the VMG use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The VMG will e-mail you a notification when
the cellular connection is up.
Select an e-mail address you have configured in Maintenance > Email Notification. The VMG
uses the corresponding mail server to send notifications.
You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the VMG sends.
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Select Enable to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed cellular card. You can set
a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The VMG takes the actions you specified when a limit
is exceeded during the month.
within one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the
VMG resets the statistics.
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can be
transmitted via the cellular connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the VMG).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the VMG to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the VMG resets the
statistics.
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Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > cellular Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Data Budget
(kPackets)
Reset all budget
counters on
Reset time and
data budget
counters
Actions before
over budget
Enable % of time
budget/data
budget
(Mbytes)/data
budget
(kPackets)
Actions when
over budget
Current Cellular
connection
Actions
Enable E-mail
Notification
Mail
Account
Cellular
Backup Email Title
Send
Notification
to E-mail
Enable Log Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field.
Interval Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the VMG to e-mail you.
Basic Click this to hide the advanced settings of cellular backup.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can be
transmitted via the cellular connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the VMG).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the VMG to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the VMG resets the
statistics.
Select the date on which the VMG resets the budget every month. Select last if you want the
VMG to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the number of
the date you want the VMG to reset the budget
Click this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over with the
cellular connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect the
normal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data budget counters to reset
on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, the time and data budget
counters will still reset on the second.
Specify the actions the VMG takes before the time or data limit exceeds.
Select Enable and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change the value
after you configure and enable budget control, the VMG resets the statistics.
Specify the actions the VMG takes when the time or data limit is exceeded.
Select Keep to maintain an existing cellular connection or Drop to disconnect it.
Select Enable to enable the e-mail notification function. The VMG will e-mail you a notification
when there over budget occurs.
Select an e-mail address you have configured in Maintenance > Email Notification. The VMG
uses the corresponding mail server to send notifications.
You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the VMG sends.
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
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6.4 The Advanced Screen
Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation)
functions. The VMG supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a retransmission scheme designed
to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves voice, video and data transmission
resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer.
ITU-T G.993.2 standard defines a wide range of settings for various parameters, some of which are
encompassed in profiles as shown in the next table.
Table 14 VDSL Profiles
PROFILE
8a 8.832 2048 4.3125 17.5 50
8b 8.832 2048 4.3125 20.5 50
8c 8.5 1972 4.3125 11.5 50
8d 8.832 2048 4.3125 14.5 50
12a 12 2783 4.3125 14.5 68
12b 12 2783 4.3125 14.5 68
17a 17.664 4096 4.3125 14.5 100
30a 30 3479 8.625 14.5 200
BANDWIDTH
(MHZ)
NUMBER OF
DOWNSTREAM
CARRIERS
CARRIER
BANDWIDTH
(KHZ)
POWER (DBM)
MAX.
DOWNSTREAM
THROUGHPUT
(MBIT/S)
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen.
Figure 31 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DSL Capabilities
PhyR US/DS Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US should be
Bitswap Select Enable to allow the VMG to adapt to line changes when you are using G.dmt.
SRA Enable or disable Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA). Select Enable to have the VMG automatically
DSL Modulation
G.Dmt ITU G.992.1 (better known as G.dmt) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
G.lite ITU G.992.2 (better known as G.lite) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
T1.413 ANSI T1.413 is a technical standard that defines the requirements for the single asymmetric
ADSL2 It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream and,
AnnexL Annex L is an optional specification in the ITU-T ADSL2 recommendation G.992.3 titled Specific
ADSL2+ ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream channels.
Annex M Annex M is an optional specification in ITU-T recommendations G.992.3 (ADSL2) and G.992.5
VDSL2 VDSL2 (Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 2) is the second generation of the VDSL standard
VDSL Profile
VDSL2 profiles differ in the width of the frequency band used to transmit the broadband signal. Profiles that use a
wider frequency band can deliver higher maximum speeds.
enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However, enabling PhyR US can
decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to
function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.
Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN. PhyR DS
should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise. However,
enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE
to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.
Bit-swapping is a way of keeping the line more stable by constantly monitoring and redistributing
bits between channels.
adjust the connection’s data rate according to line conditions without interrupting service.
modulation. G.dmt full-rate ADSL expands the usable bandwidth of existing copper telephone
lines, delivering high-speed data communications at rates up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and 1.3
Mbit/s upstream.
modulation. G.lite does not strictly require the use of DSL filters, but like all variants of ADSL
generally functions better with splitters.
digital subscriber line (ADSL) for the interface between the telecommunications network and
the customer installation in terms of their interaction and electrical characteristics.
depending on Annex version, up to 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability of ADSL2
transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 kbit/s upstream).
requirements for a Reach Extended ADSL2 (READSL2) system operating in the frequency band
above POTS, therefore it is often referred to as Reach Extended ADSL2 or READSL2.The main
difference between this specification and commonly deployed Annex A is the maximum
distance that can be used. The power of the lower frequencies used for transmitting data is
boosted up to increase the reach of this signal up to 7 kilometers (23,000 ft).
The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s upstream
depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
(ADSL2+), also referred to as ADSL2 M and ADSL2+ M. This specification extends the capability of
commonly deployed Annex A by more than doubling the number of upstream bits. The data
rates can be as high as 12 or 24 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit/s upstream depending on the
distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
(which is currently denoted VDSL1). VDSL2 allows a frequency band of up to 30MHz and
transmission rates of up to 100 Mbps in each direction. VDSL2 is defined in G.993.2.
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Table 15 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
8a, 8b, 8c, 8d,
12a, 12b, 17a,
US0
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the VMG.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
The G.993.2 VDSL standard defines a wide range of profiles that can be used in different VDSL
deployment settings, such as in a central office, a street cabinet or a building.
The VMG must comply with at least one profile specified in G.993.2. but compliance with more
than one profile is allowed.
6.5 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the VMG features described in
this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The VMG can work in bridge mode or
routing mode. When the VMG is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.
IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet
network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the
WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For
instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The VMG encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483
and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP)
DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC
1661 for more information on PPP.
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a
manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a
personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function
known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP
services for individuals.
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Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific
configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the VMG (rather than individual computers), the computers on the
LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the VMG does that part of the task. Furthermore, with
NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5).
The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based
multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual
circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the
multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic
creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in
each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion,
which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be
lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum
speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is
dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum
average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the
PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is
reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to
the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates
to your upstream line rate.
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The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 32 Example of Traffic Shaping
ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent.
CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that
continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate,
cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and
voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT)
connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified)
but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video
conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement
varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR
and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection
would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example
application is background file transfer.
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IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one
each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or
static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and
default gateway.
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical
networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one
group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same
group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the
subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network
resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user
in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable
logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and
every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a
frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can
be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a
specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network.
A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag
Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag
Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a
frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to
an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of
4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID
(VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and
the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is
used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 Bits
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1
sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network not everybody and not just 1.
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Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a
Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over
version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed
information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of
RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast
computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP.
The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the VMG queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that,
the VMG periodically updates this information.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The VMG can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2 If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the VMG’s WAN IP address), set
the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be
written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
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7.1 Overview
This chapter describes the VMG’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your
VMG’s wireless connection.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This section describes the VMG’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your VMG’s wireless
connection.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security
mode (Section 7.2 on page 99).
• Use the Guest/More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your VMG (Section 7.3 on page
103).
• Use the MAC Authentication screen to low or deny wireless clients based on their MAC addresses from
connecting to the VMG (Section 7.4 on page 106).
• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification
Number) (Section 7.5 on page 107).
• Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.6 on page 109).
• Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold
(Section 7.7 on page 109).
• Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results (Section 7.8 on
page 112).
CHAPTER 7
Wireless
7.1.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwowaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one
another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information
with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate
at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However,
wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a
number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
Finding Out More
See Section 7.9 on page 112 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
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7.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the VMG from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and
you change the VMG’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless
connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless
settings of your computer to match the VMG’s new settings.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
Figure 33 Network Setting > Wireless > General
Chapter 7 Wireless
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 16 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Band This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using. 2.4GHz is the frequency used by IEEE
Wireless You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field.
Channel Use Auto to have the VMG automatically determine a channel to use.
Bandwidth Select whether the VMG uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz.
Control
Sideband
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
802.11b/g/n wireless clients while 5GHz is used by IEEE 802.11a/ac wireless clients.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel
uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase
throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz
setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
An 80MHz channel groups adjacent 40MHz channels into pairs to increase bandwidth even
higher.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field
to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or
Upper range of channel bands.
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated.
Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Max Clients Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain
Multicast
Forwarding
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the VMG when wireless LAN is enabled.
Security Level Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-WPA2-PSK) to add security on this
the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Select this check box to allow the VMG to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless unicast
traffic.
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in kilobits per
second (Kbps). The wireless performance will be significantly compromised when the VMG is
transmitting traffic at the rate configured.
A maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic will be configured automatically, if this field is left
blank.
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in kilobits
per second (Kbps).The wireless performance will be significantly compromised when the VMG is
transmitting traffic at the rate configured.
A maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic will be configured automatically, if this field is left
blank.
wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same
wireless security settings as the VMG. When you select to use a security, additional options
appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
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