ZyXEL AMG1202T10B User Guide

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12.1 Overview

MOD

VoIP

Data

PVC0

PVC2

PVC1

This chapter describes how to configure the port binding settings.

Port binding allows you to aggregate port connections into logical groups. You may bind WAN PVCs to Ethernet ports and WLANs to specify how traffic is forwarded. Different ATM QoS settings can be specified for each WAN PVC to meet bandwidth requirements for the type of traffic to be transferred.

For example, three port binding groups could be created on the device (R1) for three different WAN PVC connections. The first PVC (PVC0) is for non time-sensitive data traffic. The second and third PVCs (PVC1 and PVC2) are for time sensitive Media-On-Demand (MOD) video traffic and VoIP traffic, respectively.

Figure 73 Port Binding Groups

CHAPTER 12

Port Binding

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If a WAN PVC is bound to an ethernet port, traffic from the ethernet port will only be forwarded through the specified WAN PVC and vice versa. If a port is not in a port binding group, traffic to and from the port will be forwarded according to the routing table. See the tutorial section (Section on

page 37) for more details on configuring port binding for multiple WAN connections.

12.1.1 What You Can Do in the Port Binding Screens

•Use the General screen (Section 12.3 on page 162) to activate port binding.

•Use the Port Binding screen (Section 12.3 on page 162) to set up port binding groups.

•Use the Port Binding Summary screen (Section 12.3.1 on page 163) to view configured port

binding groups.

12.2 The Port Binding General Screen

Use this screen to activate port binding and set up port binding groups. Click Network Setting > Port Binding to display the following screen.

Figure 74 Network Setting > Port Binding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 54 Network Setting > Port Binding

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Activated Port Binding Activate or deactivate the port binding feature. Apply Add the selected port binding group configuration.

12.3 The Port Binding Screen

Use this screen to set up port binding groups. Click Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding to display the following screen.

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Figure 75 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 55 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port Binding Active Activate or deactivate port binding for the port binding group. Group Index Select the index number for the port binding group.

When a port is assigned to a port binding group, traffic will be forwarded to the other ports in the group, but not to ports in other groups. If a port is not included in any groups, traffic will be forwarded according to the routing table.

ATM VCs Select the ATM VC (PVC) to include in the port binding group. Each ATM VC can only

be bound to one group.

Ethernet Select the Ethernet (Eth) ports to include in the port binding group. Each Ethernet

port can only be bound to one group.

Wireless LAN Select the WLAN (AP) connection to include in the port binding group. Additional APs

Group Summary Port Binding

Summary Apply Add the selected port binding group configuration. Delete Delete the selected port binding group configuration. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

can be enabled on the More AP screen (Section 7.3 on page 98).

Click this to view a summary of configured port binding groups.

12.3.1 Port Binding Summary Screen

Use this screen to view configured port binding groups.

In the Port Binding screen, click the Port Binding Summary button in the Group Summary section to display the following screen.

Figure 76 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding Summary

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 56 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding Summary

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Group ID This field displays the group index number. Group port This field displays the ports included in the group.

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CHAPTER 13

Dynamic DNS Setup

13.1 Overview

Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.

First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.

13.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen

Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 13.2 on page 165) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

13.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNS

DYNDNS Wildcard

Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.

If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.

13.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen

Use this screen to change your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s DDNS. Click Network Setting > Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown.

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Chapter 13 Dynamic DNS Setup

Figure 77 Network Setting > Dynamic DNS

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 57 Network Setting > Dynamic DNS

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Dynamic DNS Setup Active Dynamic

DNS Service Provider This is the website of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries by your Dynamic

Username Type your user name. Password Type the password assigned to you. Enable Wildcard

Option Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.

DNS provider.

You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").

Select the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard.

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CHAPTER 14

14.1 Overview

This chapter introduces three types of filters supported by the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. You can configure rules to restrict traffic by IP addresses, MAC addresses, IPv6 addresses and/or URLs.

14.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens

•Use the IP/MAC Filter screen (Section 14.2 on page 167) to create IP and MAC filter rules.

•Use the IPv6/MAC Filter screen (Section 14.3 on page 170) to create IPv6 and MAC filter rules.

14.1.2 What You Need to Know About Filtering

Filters

URL

The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) identifies and helps locates resources on a network. On the Internet the URL is the web address that you type in the address bar of your Internet browser, for example “http://www.zyxel.com”.

URL and IP Filter Structure

The URL, IP and IPv6 filters have individual rule indexes. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries allows you to configure each type of filter with its own respective set of rules.

14.2 The IP/MAC Filter Screen

Use this screen to create and apply IP and MAC filters. Click Security > Filter > IP/MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.

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Figure 78 Security > Filter > IP/MAC Filter

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 58 Security > Filter > IP/MAC Filter

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Rule Type Rule Type selection Select White List to specify traffic to allow and Black List to specify traffic to

disallow. IP / MAC Filter Rule Editing IP / MAC Filter Rule Index Select the index number of the filter rule. Active Use this field to enable or disable the filter rule. Interface Select the PVC to which to apply the filter. Direction Apply the filter to Incoming or Outgoing traffic direction. Rule Type Select IP or MAC type to configure the rule.

Use the IP Filter to block or allow traffic by IP addresses.

Use the MAC Filter to block or allow traffic by MAC address. Source IP Address Enter the source IP address of the packets you wish to filter. This field is

Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask for the source IP address Port Number Enter the source port of the packets that you wish to filter. The range of this

Destination IP Address Enter the destination IP address of the packets you wish to filter. This field is

ignored if it is 0.0.0.0.

field is 0 to 65535. This field is ignored if it is 0.

ignored if it is 0.0.0.0.

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Table 58 Security > Filter > IP/MAC Filter (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask for the destination IP address. Port Number Enter the destination port of the packets that you wish to filter. The range of

this field is 0 to 65535. This field is ignored if it is 0. Protocol Select ICMP, TCP or UDP for the upper layer protocol. IP / MAC Filter Listing IP / MAC Filter Rule Index Select the index number of the filter set from the drop-down list box. # This is the index number of the rule in a filter set. Active This field shows whether the rule is activated. Interface This is the interface that the filter set applies to. Direction The filter set applies to this traffic direction. Src IP/Mask This is the source IP address and subnet mask when you select IP as the rule

type. Dest IP/Mask This is the destination IP address and subnet mask. Mac Address This is the MAC address of the packets being filtered. Src Port This is the source port number. Dest Port This is the destination port number. Protocol This is the upper layer protocol. Apply Click this to apply your changes. Delete Click this to remove the filter rule. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

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14.3 IPv6/MAC Filter

Use this screen to create and apply IPv6 filters. Click Security > Filter > IPv6/MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.

Figure 79 Security > Filter > IPv6/MAC Filter

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 59 Security > Filter > IPv6/MAC Filter

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Rule Type Rule Type selection Select White List to specify traffic to allow and Black List to specify traffic to

IPv6 / MAC Filter Rule Editing IPv6 / MAC Filter Rule Index Select the index number of the filter rule. Active Use this field to enable or disable the filter rule. Interface Select the PVC to which to apply the filter. Direction Apply the filter to Incoming or Outgoing traffic direction. Rule Type Select IP or MAC type to configure the rule.

Source IP Address Enter the source IPv6 address of the packets you wish to filter. This field is

Source Prefix Length Enter the prefix length for the source IPv6 address Destination IPv6 Address Enter the destination IPv6 address of the packets you wish to filter. This field is

block.

Use the IP Filter to block or allow traffic by IPv6 addresses.

Use the MAC Filter to block or allow traffic by MAC address.

ignored if it is ::.

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Table 59 Security > Filter > IPv6/MAC Filter (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Destination Prefix Length Enter the prefix length for the destination IPv6 address. ICMPv6 Type Select the ICMPv6 message type to filter. The following message types can be

selected:

1 / Destination Unreachable: 0 - no route to destination; 1 -

communication with destination administratively prohibited; 3 - address

unreachable; 4 - port unreachable

2 / Packet Too Big

3 / Time Exceeded: 0 - hop limit exceeded in transit; 1 - fragment

reassembly time exceeded

4 / Parameter Problem: 0 - erroneous header field encountered; 1 -

unrecognized Next Header type encountered; 2 - unrecognized IPv6 option

encountered

128 / Echo Request

129 / Echo Response

130 / Listener Query - Multicast listener query

131 / Listener Report - Multicast listener report

132 / Listener Done - Multicast listener done

143 / Listener Report v2 - Multicast listener report v2

133 / Router Solicitation

134 / Router Advertisement

135 / Neighbor Solicitation

136 / Neighbor Advertisement

137 / Redirect - Redirect message

Protocol This is the (upper layer) protocol that defines the service to which this rule

IPv6 / MAC Filter Listing IPv6 / MAC Filter Rule Index Select the index number of the filter set from the drop-down list box. # This is the index number of the rule in a filter set. Active This field shows whether the rule is activated. Interface This is the interface that the rule applies to. Direction The filter set applies to this traffic direction. ICMPv6 Type The ICMPv6 message type to filter. Src IP/PrefixLength This displays the source IPv6 address and prefix length. Dest IP/PrefixLength This displays the destination IPv6 address and prefix length. Mac Address This is the MAC address of the packets being filtered. Protocol This is the (upper layer) protocol that defines the service to which this rule

Apply Click this to apply your changes. Delete Click this to remove the filter rule. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

applies. By default it is ICMPv6.

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15.1 Overview

WAN

LAN

3 4

1 2

This chapter shows you how to enable the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries firewall. Use the firewall to protect your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. The firewall:

• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.

• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.

• blocks SYN and port scanner attacks.

By default, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries blocks DDOS, LAND and Ping of Death attacks whether the firewall is enabled or disabled.

The following figure illustrates the firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).

CHAPTER 15

Firewall

Figure 80 Default Firewall Action

15.1.1 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens

•Use the General screen (Section 15.2 on page 175) to select the firewall protection level on the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

•Use the Default Action screen (Section 15.3 on page 176) to set the default action that the

firewall takes on packets that do not match any of the firewall rules.

•Use the Rules screen (Section 15.4 on page 178) to view the configured firewall rules and add,

edit or remove a firewall rule.

•Use the Dos screen (Section 15.5 on page 184) to set the thresholds that the AMG1302/

AMG1202-TSeries uses to determine when to start dropping sessions that do not become fully established (half-open sessions).

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15.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firewall

SYN Attack

A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYNACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable for legitimate users.

DoS

Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks.

DDoS

A Distributed DoS (DDoS) attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing denial of service for users of the targeted system.

LAND Attack

In a Local Area Network Denial (LAND) attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.

Ping of Death

Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65,536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or reboot.

SPI

Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is valid. Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the WAN may only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.

RFC 4890 SPEC T raffic

174

RFC 4890 specifies the filtering policies for ICMPv6 messages. This is important for protecting against security threats including DoS, probing, redirection attacks and renumbering attacks that can be carried out through ICMPv6. Since ICMPv6 error messages are critical for establishing and maintaining communications, filtering policy focuses on ICMPv6 informational messages.

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries User’s Guide

Chapter 15 Firewall

Anti-Probing

If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries exists. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries supports anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries when unsupported ports are probed.

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user.

DoS Thresholds

For DoS attacks, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries uses thresholds to determine when to drop sessions that do not become fully established. These thresholds apply globally to all sessions. You can use the default threshold values, or you can change them to values more suitable to your security requirements.

15.2 The Firewall General Screen

Use this screen to select the firewall protection level on the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Click Security > Firewall > General to display the following screen.

Figure 81 Security > Firewall > General

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 60 Security > Firewall > General

LABEL DESCRIPTION

High This setting blocks all traffic to and from the Internet. Only local network traffic and LAN to WAN

Medium This is the recommended setting. It allows traffic to the Internet but blocks anyone from the

Low This setting allows traffic to the Internet and also allows someone from the Internet to access

Custom This setting allows the customer to create and edit individual firewall rules.

Off This setting is not recommended. It disables firewall protection for your network and could

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

service (Telnet, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, POP3, SMTP) is permitted.

Internet from accessing any services on your local network.

services on your local network. This would be used with Port Forwarding, Default Server.

Firewall rules can be created in the Default Action screen (Section 15.3 on page 176) and Rules screen (Section 15.4 on page 178).

potentially expose your network to significant security risks. This option should only be used for troubleshooting or if you intend using another firewall in conjunction with your ZyXEL router.

15.3 The Default Action Screen

Use this screen to set the default action that the firewall takes on packets that do not match any of the firewall rules. Click Security > Firewall > Default Action to display the following screen.

Figure 82 Security > Firewall > Default Action

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 61 Security > Firewall > Default Action

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Packet Direction This is the direction of travel of packets (LAN to Router , LAN to WAN, WAN to Router,

Default Action Use the drop-down list boxes to select the default action that the firewall is to take on

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

WAN to LAN).

Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. For example, LAN to Router means packets traveling from a computer/subnet on the LAN to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries itself.

packets that are traveling in the selected direction and do not match any of the firewall rules.

Select Drop to silently discard the packets without sending a TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender.

Select Reject to deny the packets and send a TCP reset packet (for a TCP packet) or an ICMP destination-unreachable message (for a UDP packet) to the sender.

Select Permit to allow the passage of the packets.

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15.4 The Rules Screen

Click Security > Firewall > Rules to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the configured firewall rules. Note the order in which the rules are listed.

Note: The firewall configuration screen shown in this section is specific to the following

devices: P-The ordering of your rules is very important as rules are applied in turn.

Figure 83 Security > Firewall > Rules

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 62 Security > Firewall > Rules

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Firewall Rules Storage Space in Use

Packet Direction Use the drop-down list box to select a direction of travel of packets for which you

Create a new rule after rule number

# This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are

Active This field displays whether a firewall is turned on or not. Select the check box to

Source IP Address This column displays the source addresses or ranges of addresses to which this

Destination IP Address This column displays the destination addresses or ranges of addresses to which this

Service This column displays the services to which this firewall rule applies. See Appendix F

Action This field displays whether the firewall silently discards packets (Drop), discards

Source Interface This column displays the source interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is

This read-only bar shows how much of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries's memory for recording firewall rules it is currently using. When you are using 80% or less of the storage space, the bar is green. When the amount of space used is over 80%, the bar is red.

want to configure firewall rules. Select an index number and click Add to add a new firewall rule after the selected

index number. For example, if you select “6”, your new rule becomes number 7 and the previous rule 7 (if there is one) becomes rule 8.

The following read-only fields summarize the rules you have created that apply to traffic traveling in the selected packet direction. The firewall rules that you configure (summarized below) take priority over the general firewall action settings in the General screen.

applied in turn.

enable the rule. Clear the check box to disable the rule.

firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent to Any.

on page 305 for more information.

packets and sends a TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender (Reject) or allows the passage of packets (Permit).

the interface through which the traffic entered the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Please note that a blank source interface is equivalent to Any.

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Table 62 Security > Firewall > Rules

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Destination Interface This column displays the destination interface to which this firewall rule applies. This

is the interface through which the traffic is destined to leave the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries. Please note that a blank source interface is equivalent to Any.

Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.

Click the Remove icon to delete an existing firewall rule. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the firewall rule. Note that subsequent firewall

rules move up by one when you take this action. Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

15.4.1 The Rules Add Screen

Use this screen to configure firewall rules. In the Rules screen, select an index number and click Add or click a rule’s Edit icon to display this screen and refer to the following table for information

on the labels.

Chapter 15 Firewall

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Figure 84 Security > Firewall > Rules > Add

180

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 63 Security > Firewall > Rules > Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select this option to enable this firewall rule. Action for Matched

Packets

IP Version Type Select the IP version, IPv4 or IPv6, to apply this firewall rule to. Rate Limit Set a maximum number of packets per second, minute, or hour to limit the

Maximum Burst Number

Log This field determines if a log for packets that match the rule is created or not. Rules/Destination Address

Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (Drop), deny and send an

ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender of (Reject) or allow the

passage of (Permit) packets that match this rule.

throughput of traffic that matches this rule.

Set the maximum number of packets that can be sent at the peak rate.

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Table 63 Security > Firewall > Rules > Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Address Type Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular (single) IP, a range of IP

addresses (for instance, 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP address?

Select an option from the drop-down list box that includes: Single Address, Range

Address, Subnet Address and Any Start IP Address Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range here. End IP Address Enter the ending IP address in a range here. Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask here, if applicable. Source Mac Address Specify a source MAC address of traffic to which to apply this firewall rule applies.

Please note that a blank source MAC address is equivalent to any. Source Interface Specify a source interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is the interface

through which the traffic entered the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Please note that a

blank source interface is equivalent to any. Destination Interface Specify a destination interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is the interface

through which the traffic is destined to leave the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Please

note that a blank source interface is equivalent to any. Services Available Services Please see Appendix F on page 305 for more information on services available. Select

Edit Customized Service

TCP Flag Specify any TCP flag bits the firewall rule is to check for. Schedule Select the days and time during which to apply the rule. Select Everyday and All

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

a service from the Available Services box.

Click the Edit Customized Service button to bring up the screen that you use to

configure a new custom service that is not in the predefined list of services.

Day to always apply the rule.

Address.

15.4.2 Customized Services

Configure customized services and port numbers not predefined by the AMG1302/AMG1202TSeries. For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website. See Appendix F on page 305 for some examples. Click the Edit Customized Services button while editing a firewall rule to configure a custom service port. This displays the following screen.

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Figure 85 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 64 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services

LABEL DESCRIPTION

# This is the number of your customized port. Name This is the name of your customized service. Protocol This shows the IP protocol (TCP or UDP) that defines your customized service. Port Type This is the port number or range that defines your customized service. Start Port This is a single port number or the starting port number of a range that defines your

End Port This is a single port number or the ending port number of a range that defines your customized

Modify Click this to edit a customized service. Add Click this to configure a customized service. Back Click this to return to the Firewall Edit Rule screen.

customized service.

service.

15.4.3 Customized Service Add/Edit

Use this screen to add a customized rule or edit an existing rule. Click Add or the Edit icon next to a rule number in the Firewall Customized Services screen to display the following screen.

Figure 86 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services: Add/Edit

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 65 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services: Add/Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Config Service Name Type a unique name for your custom port. Service Type Choose the IP port (TCP or UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list

Port Configuration Type Click Single to specify one port only or Port Range to specify a span of ports that define

Port Number Type a single port number or the range of port numbers that define your customized

Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving. Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings. Delete Click this to delete the current rule.

box.

your customized service.

service.

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15.5 The DoS Screen

Use this screen to enable DoS protection. Click Security > Firewall > Dos to display the following screen.

Figure 87 Security > Firewall > Dos

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 66 Security > Firewall > Dos

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Denial of Services Enable this to protect against DoS attacks. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries will drop

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings. Advanced Click this to go to a screen to specify maximum thresholds at which the AMG1302/

sessions that surpass maximum thresholds.

AMG1202-TSeries will start dropping sessions.

15.5.1 The DoS Advanced Screen

For DoS attacks, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries uses thresholds to determine when to start dropping sessions that do not become fully established (half-open sessions). These thresholds apply globally to all sessions.

For TCP, half-open means that the session has not reached the established state-the TCP three-way handshake has not yet been completed. Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates a session sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK (acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK (acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established.

Figure 88 Three-Way Handshake

184

For UDP, half-open means that the firewall has detected no return traffic. An unusually high number (or arrival rate) of half-open sessions could indicate a DOS attack.

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15.5.1.1 Threshold Values

If everything is working properly, you probably do not need to change the threshold settings as the default threshold values should work for most small offices. Tune these parameters when you believe the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries has been receiving DoS attacks that are not recorded in the logs or the logs show that the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries is classifying normal traffic as DoS attacks. Factors influencing choices for threshold values are:

1 The maximum number of opened sessions.

2 The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network.

3 The CPU power of servers in your LAN network.

4 Network bandwidth.

5 Type of traffic for certain servers.

Reduce the threshold values if your network is slower than average for any of these factors (especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy).

• If you often use P2P applications such as file sharing with eMule or eDonkey, it’s recommended that you increase the threshold values since lots of sessions will be established during a small period of time and the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries may classify them as DoS attacks.

Chapter 15 Firewall

15.5.2 Configuring Firewall Thresholds

Click Security > Firewall > DoS > Advanced to display the following screen.

Figure 89 Security > Firewall > DoS > Advanced

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 67 Security > Firewall > DoS > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION

TCP SYN-Request Count

UDP Packet Count This is the rate of new UDP half-open sessions per second that causes the firewall to

ICMP Echo-Request Count

Back Click this button to return to the previous screen. Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

This is the rate of new TCP half-open sessions per second that causes the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises above this number, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection attempts.

start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises above this number, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection attempts.

This is the rate of new ICMP Echo-Request half-open sessions per second that causes the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises above this number, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection attempts.

15.6 Firewall Technical Reference

This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.

15.6.1 Firewall Rules Overview

Your customized rules take precedence and override the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s default settings. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries checks the source IP address, destination IP address and IP protocol type of network traffic against the firewall rules (in the order you list them). When the traffic matches a rule, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries takes the action specified in the rule.

Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply:

•LAN to Router •WAN to LAN

• LAN to WAN • WAN to Router

Note: The LAN includes both the LAN port and the WLAN.

By default, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s stateful packet inspection allows packets traveling in the following directions:

•LAN to Router These rules specify which computers on the LAN can manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries

(remote management).

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Note: You can also configure the remote management settings to allow only a specific

computer to manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

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•LAN to WAN These rules specify which computers on the LAN can access which computers or services on the

WAN.

By default, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s stateful packet inspection drops packets traveling in the following directions:

•WAN to LAN These rules specify which computers on the WAN can access which computers or services on the

LAN.

Note: You also need to configure NAT port forwarding (or full featured NAT address

mapping rules) to allow computers on the WAN to access devices on the LAN.

•WAN to Router By default the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries stops computers on the WAN from managing the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. You could configure one of these rules to allow a WAN computer to manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

Note: You also need to configure the remote management settings to allow a WAN

computer to manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

You may define additional rules and sets or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so.

For example, you may create rules to:

• Block certain types of traffic, such as IRC (Internet Relay Chat), from the LAN to the Internet.

• Allow certain types of traffic, such as Lotus Notes database synchronization, from specific hosts on the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN.

• Allow everyone except your competitors to access a web server.

• Restrict use of certain protocols, such as Telnet, to authorized users on the LAN.

These custom rules work by comparing the source IP address, destination IP address and IP protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator. Your customized rules take precedence and override the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s default rules.

15.6.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall

6 Change the default password via web configurator.

7 Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way.

8 Limit who can access your router.

9 Don't enable any local service (such as telnet or FTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could

present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network.

10 For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to

communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces.

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WAN

LAN

11 Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active.

12 Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.

15.6.3 Security Considerations

Note: Incorrectly configuring the firewall may block valid access or introduce security

risks to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and your protected network. Use caution when creating or deleting firewall rules and test your rules after you configure them.

Consider these security ramifications before creating a rule:

1 Does this rule stop LAN users from accessing critical resources on the Internet? For example, if IRC

is blocked, are there users that require this service?

2 Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific? For example, if IRC is blocked for all users, will

a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective?

3 Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security

vulnerability? For example, if FTP ports (TCP 20, 21) are allowed from the Internet to the LAN, Internet users may be able to connect to computers with running FTP servers.

4 Does this rule conflict with any existing rules?

Once these questions have been answered, adding rules is simply a matter of entering the information into the correct fields in the web configurator screens.

15.6.4 Triangle Route

When the firewall is on, your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries acts as a secure gateway between your LAN and the Internet. In an ideal network topology, all incoming and outgoing network traffic passes through the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to protect your LAN against attacks.

Figure 90 Ideal Firewall Setup

15.6.4.1 The “Triangle Route” Problem

A traffic route is a path for sending or receiving data packets between two Ethernet devices. You may have more than one connection to the Internet (through one or more ISPs). If an alternate gateway is on the LAN (and its IP address is in the same subnet as the AMG1302/AMG1202TSeries’s LAN IP address), the “triangle route” (also called asymmetrical route) problem may occur. The steps below describe the “triangle route” problem.

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WAN

LAN

ISP 1

ISP 2

1 A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending out a SYN packet to a receiving server on

the WAN.

2 The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries reroutes the SYN packet through Gateway A on the LAN to the

WAN.

3 The reply from the WAN goes directly to the computer on the LAN without going through the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

As a result, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries resets the connection, as the connection has not been acknowledged.

Figure 91 “Triangle Route” Problem

15.6.4.2 Solving the “Triangle Route” Problem

If you have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries allow triangle route sessions, traffic from the WAN can go directly to a LAN computer without passing through the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and its firewall protection.

Another solution is to use IP alias. IP alias allows you to partition your network into logical sections over the same Ethernet interface. Your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries supports up to three logical LAN interfaces with the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries being the gateway for each logical network.

It’s like having multiple LAN networks that actually use the same physical cables and ports. By putting your LAN and Gateway A in different subnets, all returning network traffic must pass through the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to your LAN. The following steps describe such a scenario.

1 A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending a SYN packet to a receiving server on the

WAN.

2 The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries reroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2.

3 The reply from the WAN goes to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

4 The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1.

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LAN

ISP 1

ISP 2

WAN

Subnet 1

Subnet 2

Figure 92 IP Alias

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CHAPTER 16

16.1 Overview

Parental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also define time periods and days during which the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries performs parental control on a specific user.

16.2 The Parental Control Screen

Use this screen to enable parental control, view the parental control rules and schedules.

Click Security > Parental Control to open the following screen.

Parental Control

Figure 93 Security > Parental Control

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 68 Security > Parental Control

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Parental Control Use this field to activate or deactivate parental control. Add new PCP Click this to create a new parental control rule. # This is the index number of the rule. Status This indicates whether the rule is active or not.

A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not

active. PCP Name This shows the name of the rule. Home Network User This shows the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this rule applies. Internet Access

Schedule Network Service This shows whether the network service is configured. If not, None will be shown.

This shows the day(s) and time on which parental control is enabled.

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Table 68 Security > Parental Control (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Website Blocked This shows whether the website block is configured. If not, None will be shown. Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.

Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.

16.2.1 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule

Click Add new PCP in the Parental Control screen to add a new rule or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule to edit it. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule and/or URL filtering settings to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites.

Figure 94 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule

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The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 69 Parental Control: Add/Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION

General Active Select the checkbox to activate this parental control rule.

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Table 69 Parental Control: Add/Edit (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Parental Control Profile Name

Home Network User

Internet Access Schedule Day Select check boxes for the days that you want the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to

Time of Day to Apply Enter the starting and ending time that the LAN user is allowed access. Network Service Network Service

Setting

Add new service Click this to show a screen in which you can add a new service rule. You can configure

Active This shows whether a configured service is activated or not. Service Name This shows the name of the rule. Protocol This shows the protocol of the rule. Port This shows the port of the rule. Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.

Blocked Site/URL Enter the URL of web sites or URL keywords to which the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries

Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

Enter a descriptive name for the rule.

Select the LAN user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If

you select Custom, enter the LAN user’s MAC address. If you select All, the rule

applies to all LAN users.

perform parental control.

If you select Block, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries prohibits the users from viewing

the Web sites with the URLs listed below.

If you select Access, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries blocks access to all URLs except

ones listed below.

the Service Name, Protocol, and Name of the new rule.

Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.

blocks access.

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CHAPTER 17

17.1 Overview

The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.

17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter

•Use the Local Certificates screen to view and import the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s CA-

signed certificates (Section 17.3 on page 195).

•The Trusted CA screen lets you save the certificates of trusted CAs to the AMG1302/AMG1202-

TSeries (Section 17.4 on page 197).

Certificate

17.2 What You Need to Know

The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.

Certification Authority

A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification authorities. The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to generate certification requests that contain identifying information and public keys and then send the certification requests to a certification authority.

Certificate File Format

The certification authority certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats:

• PEM (Base-64) encoded X.509: This Privacy Enhanced Mail format uses 64 ASCII characters to convert a binary X.509 certificate into a printable form.

17.3 Local Certificates

Use this screen to view the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s summary list of certificates and certification requests. You can import the following certificates to your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries:

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• Web Server - This certificate secures HTTP connections.

• SSH - This certificate secures remote connections.

Click Security > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen.

Figure 95 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 70 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates

LABEL DESCRIPTION

WebServer Click Browse... to find the certificate file you want to upload. Current File This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended

Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as

Issuer This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing

Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text

Valid To This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red

Cert Click this button and then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As

SSH Type in the location of the SSH certificate file you want to upload in this field or

Current File This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended

Key Type This field applies to the SSH certificate.

that you give each certificate a unique name.

CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.

certification authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and country.

displays in red and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable.

and includes an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has already expired.

screen opens, browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.

click Browse to find it.

that you give each certificate a unique name.

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This shows the file format of the current certificate.

Replace Click this to replace the certificate(s) and save your changes back to the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

Reset Click this to clear your settings.

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17.4 The Trusted CA Screen

Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to accept as trusted. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this list as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities. Click Security > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the Trusted CA screen.

Figure 96 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 71 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Import Certificate Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification

authority that you trust to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Name This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as

Common Name (CN), OU (Organizational Unit or department), Organization (O), State

(ST) and Country (C). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject

information. Type This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means that a

Certification Authority signed the certificate. Action Click View to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate.

Chapter 17 Certificate

Click Remove to delete the certificate.

17.5 Trusted CA Import

Click Import Certificate in the Trusted CA screen to open the Import Certificate screen. You can save a trusted certification authority’s certificate to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

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Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import

Figure 97 Trusted CA > Import

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 72 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA > Import

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Certificate File Path

Browse Click Browse to find the certificate file you want to upload. Apply Click Apply to save the certificate on the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.

the certificate.

Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse to find it.

17.6 View Certificate

Use this screen to view in-depth information about the certification authority’s certificate, change the certificate’s name and set whether or not you want the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to check a certification authority’s list of revoked certificates before trusting a certificate issued by the certification authority.

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Click Security > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the Trusted CA screen. Click the View icon to open the View Certificate screen.

Figure 98 Trust e d C A : V i e w

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 73 Trusted CA: Vi e w

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Certificate Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to

Certificate Detail This read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request in

Back Click this to return to the previous screen.

change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this key certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces).

Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary certificate into a printable form.

You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).

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CHAPTER 18

18.1 Overview

The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries log and then display the logs or have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries send them to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server.

18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter

•Use the Log screen to see the system logs for the categories that you select (Section 18.2 on

page 202).

18.1.2 What You Need To Know

Logs

The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.

Alerts and Logs

An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black.

Syslog Overview

The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to syslog servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog message and send it to a syslog server.

Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level. The syslog facility identifies a file in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for details. The following table describes the syslog severity levels.

Table 74 Syslog Severity Levels

CODE SEVERITY

0 Emergency: The system is unusable. 1 Alert: Action must be taken immediately. 2 Critical: The system condition is critical. 3 Error: There is an error condition on the system. 4 Warning: There is a warning condition on the system. 5 Notice: There is a normal but significant condition on the system.

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Table 74 Syslog Severity Levels

CODE SEVERITY

6 Informational: The syslog contains an informational message. 7 Debug: The message is intended for debug-level purposes.

18.2 The System Log Screen

Click System Monitor > Log to open the System Log screen. Use the System Log screen to see the system logs for the categories that you select in the upper left drop-down list box.

Figure 99 System Monitor > Log > System Log

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 75 System Monitor > Log > System Log

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Level Select a severity level from the drop-down list box. This filters search results according to

the severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the AMG1302/AMG1202-

TSeries searches through all logs of that severity or higher. Refresh Click this to renew the log screen. Clear Logs Click this to delete all the logs. Export Click this to download logs to a file on your computer. Email Log Now

# This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry. Time This field displays the time the log was recorded. Level This field displays the severity level of the logs that the device is to send to this syslog

Message This field states the reason for the log.

Click this to send logs to a specified e-mail address.

server.

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CHAPTER 19

19.1 Overview

Use the Traffic Status screens to look at network traffic status and statistics of the WAN, LAN interfaces and NAT.

19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter

•Use the WAN screen to view the WAN traffic statistics (Section 19.2 on page 203).

•Use the LAN screen to view the LAN traffic statistics (Section 19.3 on page 204).

•Use the NAT screen to view the NAT status of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s client(s)

(Section 19.4 on page 205).

Traffic Status

19.2 The WAN Status Screen

Click System Monitor > Traffic Status to open the WAN screen. You can view the WAN traffic statistics in this screen.

Figure 100 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 76 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Status This shows the number of bytes received and sent through the WAN interface of the

Refresh Interval Select how often you want the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to update this screen from the

Connected Interface

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

drop-down list box.

This shows the name of the WAN interface that is currently connected.

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Table 76 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Packets Sent

Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface. Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.

Packets Received

Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface. Error This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface. Drop This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.

19.3 The LAN Status Screen

Click System Monitor > Traffic Stat us > LAN to open the following screen. You can view the LAN traffic statistics in this screen.

Figure 101 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN

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The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 77 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Refresh Interval(s)

Set Interval

Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface. Bytes Sent This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface. Bytes Received This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface. Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface. Sent (Packet)

Select how often you want the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to update this screen

from the drop-down list box.

Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh

Interval field.

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Table 77 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Received (Packet)

19.4 The NAT Screen

Click System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT to open the following screen. You can view the NAT status of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s client(s) in this screen.

Figure 102 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT

Chapter 19 Traffic Status

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 78 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Refresh Interval Select how often you want the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to update this screen from the

drop-down list box. Set Interval

Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics. Device Name This shows the name of the client. IP Address This shows the IP address of the client. MAC Address This shows the MAC address of the client. No. of Open

Session

Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.

This shows the number of NAT sessions used by the client.

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CHAPTER 20

20.1 Overview

You can configure system password for different user accounts in the User Account screen.

20.2 The User Account Screen

Use the User Account screen to configure system password.

Click Maintenance > User Account to open the following screen.

Figure 103 Maintenance > User Account

User Account

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 79 Maintenance > User Account

LABEL DESCRIPTION

User Name You can configure the password for the Power User and Admin accounts. Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this

New Password

Retype to Confirm

Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.

field.

Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password,

the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use

the new password to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

Type the new password again for confirmation.

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21.1 Overview

MSZD

The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries supports TR-069 Amendment 1 (CPE WAN Management Protocol Release 2.0) and TR-069 Amendment 2 (CPE WAN Management Protocol v1.1, Release 3.0).

TR-069 is a protocol that defines how your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries (ZD) can be managed via a management server (MS) such as ZyXEL’s Vantage Access.

Figure 104 LAN and WAN

CHAPTER 21

TR-069 Client

An administrator can use a management server to remotely set up the AMG1302/AMG1202TSeries, modify settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

In order to use CWMP, you need to configure the following steps:

1 Activate CWMP

2 Specify the URL, username and password.

3 Activate periodic inform and specify an interval value.

21.2 The TR-069 Client Screen

Use this screen to configure your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to be managed by a management server. Click Maintenance > TR-069 Client to display the following screen.

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Chapter 21 TR-069 Client

Figure 105 Maintenance > TR-069 Client

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 80 Maintenance > TR-069 Client

LINK DESCRIPTION

CWMP Select Enable to allow the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to be managed by a management

ACS URL Type the IP address or domain name of the management server. If the AMG1302/AMG1202-

ACS User Name The user name is used to authenticate the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries when making a

ACS Password The password is used to authenticate the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries when making a

Connection Request Path

Connection Request Port

Connection Request UserName

Connection Request Password

Inform Select Enable to have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries periodically send information to the

Inform Interval The interval is the duration in seconds for which the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries must

server or select Disable to not allow the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries to be managed by a management server.

TSeries is behind a NAT router that assigns it a private IP address, you will have to configure a NAT port forwarding rule on the NAT router.

connection to the management server. This user name on the management server and the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries must be the same. Type a user name of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard. Spaces and characters such as @#$%^&*()_+ are allowed.

connection to the management server. This password on the management server and the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries must be the same. Type a password of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard.

Type the IP address or domain name of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. The management server uses this path to verify the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

The default port for access to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries from the management server is port 7547. If you change it, make sure it does not conflict with another port on your network and it is recommended to use a port number above 1024 (not a commonly used port). The management server should use this port to connect to the AMG1302/AMG1202TSeries. You may need to alter your NAT port forwarding rules if they were already configured.

The user name is used to authenticate the management server when connecting to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Type a user name of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard. Spaces and characters such as @#$%^&*()_+ are allowed.

The password is used to authenticate the management server when connecting to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Type a password of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-language keyboard. Spaces are not allowed.

management server (recommended if CWMP is enabled) or select Disable to not have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries periodically send information to the management server

attempt to connect with the management server to send information and check for configuration updates. Enter a value between 1 and 86400 seconds.

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Table 80 Maintenance > TR-069 Client (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Chapter 21 TR-069 Client

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CHAPTER 22

System Settings

22.1 Overview

This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval.

22.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens

•Use the System screen (Section 22.2 on page 213) to configure system settings.

•Use the Time Setting screen (Section 22.3 on page 213) to set the system time.

22.2 The System Screen

Use this screen to configure system admin password.

Click Maintenance > System to open the screen as shown.

Figure 106 Maintenance > System

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 81 Maintenance > System

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Administrator Inactivity Timer

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Type how many seconds a management session (either via the web configurator) can be left idle before the session times out and you have to log in again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).

22.3 The Time Screen

Use this screen to configure the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s time based on your local time zone. To change your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown.

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Figure 107 Maintenance > System > Time Setting

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 82 Maintenance > System > Time

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Current Date/Time Current Time This field displays the time and date of your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

Each time you reload this page, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries synchronizes the time

and date with the time server. Time and Date Setup Manual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new

time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date

you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect

it. Current Date/Time This field displays the last updated time (in hh:mm:ss format) from the time server or

the last time configured manually.

When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and

then click Apply. Current Time This field displays the last updated date (in yyyy/mm/dd format) from the time server

or the last date configured manually.

When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and

then click Apply. Get from Time

Server Time Server

Address 1/2 Time Zone Setup Time Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your

Select this radio button to have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries get the time and date

from the time server you specified below.

Enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time

server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.

time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

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Table 82 Maintenance > System > Time (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Daylight Savings Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their

clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the

evening.

Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time. Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Enable

Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of

examples:

Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of

March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.

local time. So in the United States you would select Second, Sunday, March and type

2 in the o'clock field.

Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of

the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same

moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,

Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In

Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour

ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Enable

Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of

examples:

Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each

time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So

in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and type 2 in the

o'clock field.

Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of

the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same

moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,

Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone.

In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour

ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1). Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

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23.1 Overview

This chapter explains how to upload new firmware to your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your device’s performance.

Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

23.2 The Firmware Screen

CHAPTER 23

Firmware Upgrade

Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade to open the following screen. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.

Do NOT turn off the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries while firmware upload is in progress!

Figure 108 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 83 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Current Firmware Version

File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Browse... Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress

Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.

This is the present Firmware version.

compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.

After you see the firmware updating screen, wait two minutes before logging into the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries again.

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Figure 109 Firmware Uploading

The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.

Figure 110 Network Temporarily Disconnected

After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.

If the upload was not successful, an error screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Firmware Upgrade screen.

Figure 111 Error Message

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CHAPTER 24

24.1 Overview

The Backup/Restore screen allows you to backup and restore device configurations. You can also reset your device settings back to the factory default.

24.2 The Backup/Restore Screen

Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next.

Figure 112 Maintenance > Backup/Restore

Backup/Restore

Backup Configuration

Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.

Click Backup to save the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s current configuration to your computer.

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Restore Configuration

Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

Table 84 Restore Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION

File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it. Browse... Click this to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress

Upload Click this to begin the upload process. Reset Click this to reset your device settings back to the factory default.

Do not turn off the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries while configuration file upload is in progress.

After the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries configuration has been restored successfully, the login screen appears. Login again to restart the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.

compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.

Figure 113 Network Temporarily Disconnected

If you restore the default configuration, you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix A on

page 245 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.

If the upload was not successful, an error screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Configuration screen.

Reset to Factory Defaults

Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.

Figure 114 Reset Warning Message

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Wait until the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s login screen appears. You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Refer to

Section 1.7 on page 19 for more information on the RESET button.

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries User’s Guide

24.3 The Reboot Screen

System restart allows you to reboot the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries remotely without turning the power off. You may need to do this if the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries hangs, for example.

Click Maintenance > Reboot. Click the Reboot button to have the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries reboot. This does not affect the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries's configuration.

Figure 115 Maintenance > Reboot

Chapter 24 Backup/Restore

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25.1 Overview

LAN

WAN

HTTP

Telnet

Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries interface (if any) from which computers.

The following figure shows remote management of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries coming in from the WAN.

Figure 116 Remote Management From the WAN

CHAPTER 25

Remote Management

Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you

still need to configure a IP filter rule to allow access.

You may manage your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries from a remote location via:

• Internet (WAN only)

•LAN only

•LAN and WAN

• None (Disable)

To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Service Access field.

25.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens

•Use the WWW screen (Section 25.2 on page 224) to configure through which interface(s) and

from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

•Use the Telnet screen (Section 25.3 on page 226) to configure through which interface(s) and

from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

•Use the FTP screen (Section 25.4 on page 226) to configure through which interface(s) and from

which IP address(es) users can use FTP to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

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• Your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries can act as an SNMP agent, which allows a manager station to

manage and monitor the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries through the network. Use the SNMP screen (see Section 25.5 on page 227) to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use SNMP to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

•Use the DNS screen (Section 25.6 on page 230) to configure through which interface(s) and

from which IP address(es) users can send DNS queries to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

•Use the ICMP screen (Section 25.7 on page 230) to set whether or not your AMG1302/

AMG1202-TSeries will respond to pings and probes for services that you have not made available.

•Use the SSH screen (Section 25.8 on page 231) to configure through which interface(s) and from

which IP address(es) users can use SSH to manage the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

25.1.2 What You Need to Know About Remote Management

Remote Management Limitations

Remote management does not work when:

• You have not enabled that service on the interface in the corresponding remote management screen.

• You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.

• The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries will disconnect the session immediately.

• There is a firewall rule that blocks it.

Remote Management and NAT

When NAT is enabled:

• Use the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.

• Use the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.

25.2 The WWW Screen

Use this screen to specify how to connect to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries from a web browser, such as Internet Explorer.

25.2.1 Configuring the WWW Screen

Click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT to display the WWW screen.

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Figure 117 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > WWW

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 85 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > WWW

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Server Port This displays the service port number for accessing the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries

Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the AMG1302/AMG1202-

using HTTP or HTTPS. If the number is grayed out, it is not editable.

TSeries using this service.

Note: It is recommended if you are allowing WAN access even temporarily to change the

default password (in Maintenance > User Account). T o allow access from the WAN, you will need to configure a WAN to Router firewall rule. See Section 4.1 on

page 37 for information on configuring firewall rules.

Secured Client IP Address

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

Select All to allow any computer to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that you specify to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

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25.3 The Telnet Screen

You can use Telnet to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s command line interface. Specify which interfaces allow Telnet access and from which IP address the access can come.

Click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > Telnet tab to display the screen as shown.

Figure 118 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > Telnet

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 86 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > Telnet

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Server Port This displays the service port number for accessing the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. If

the number is grayed out, it is not editable.

Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the AMG1302/AMG1202-

TSeries using this service.

Note: It is recommended if you are allowing WAN access even temporarily to change the

default password (in Maintenance > User Account). To allow access from the WAN, you will need to configure a WAN to Router firewall rule. See Firewall Section

on page 173 for information on configuring firewall rules.

Secured Client IP Address

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

Select All to allow any computer to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that you specify to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

25.4 The FTP Screen

You can use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to upload and download the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s firmware and configuration files. Please see the User’s Guide chapter on firmware and configuration file maintenance for details. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client.

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Use this screen to specify which interfaces allow FTP access and from which IP address the access can come. To change your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s FTP settings, click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > FTP. The screen appears as shown.

Figure 119 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > FTP

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 87 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > FTP

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Server Port This displays the service port number for accessing the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. If

the number is grayed out, it is not editable.

Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the AMG1302/AMG1202-

Secured Client IP Address

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

TSeries using this service. A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this

service. Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that you

specify to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

25.5 The SNMP Screen

Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. Your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries through the network. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two (SNMPv2c). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation.

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Figure 120 SNMP Management Model

An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.

An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.

The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects.

25.5.1 Configuring SNMP

To change your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s SNMP settings, click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP tab. The screen appears as shown.

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Figure 121 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 88 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Server Port This displays the port the SNMP agent listens on. If the number is grayed out, it is not

editable.

Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the AMG1302/AMG1202-

Secured Client IP Address

Get Community Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and GetNext

Set Community Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set requests from the

Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

TSeries using this service. A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to access the SNMP agent on the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Select All to allow any computer to access the SNMP agent. Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that you

specify to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

requests from the management station. The default is public and allows all requests.

management station. The default is public and allows all requests.

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25.6 The DNS Screen

Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa.

Use this screen to set from which IP address the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries will accept DNS queries and on which interface it can send them your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s DNS settings. This feature is not available when the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries is set to bridge mode. Click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > DNS to change your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s DNS settings.

Figure 122 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > DNS

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 89 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > DNS

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Server Port This displays the service port number for accessing the AMG1302/AMG1202-

Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the

Secured Client IP Address

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

TSeries. If the number is grayed out, it is not editable.

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to send DNS queries to

the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. Select All to allow any computer to send DNS queries to the AMG1302/AMG1202-

TSeries. Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that

you specify to send DNS queries to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

25.7 The ICMP Screen

To change your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s security settings, click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > ICMP. The screen appears as shown.

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If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the

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AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries exists. Your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries supports anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries when unsupported ports are probed.

Note: If you want your device to respond to pings and requests for unauthorized services,

you will also need to configure the firewall accordingly by disabling SPI.

Figure 123 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > ICMP

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 90 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > ICMP

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Respond to Ping on The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when

Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to both incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests.

Secured Client IP Address

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to send Ping requests to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

Select All to allow any computer to send Ping requests to the AMG1302/AMG1202TSeries.

Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that you specify to send Ping requests to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

25.8 The SSH Screen

You can use Secure SHell (SSH) to securely access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries’s command line interface. Specify which interfaces allow SSH access and from which IP address the access can come. SSH is a secure communication protocol that combines authentication and data encryption to provide secure encrypted communication between two hosts over an unsecured network.

Click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SSH tab to display the screen as shown.

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Figure 124 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SSH

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 91 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SSH

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Server Port This displays the service port number for accessing the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. If

Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the AMG1302/AMG1202-

the number is grayed out, it is not editable.

TSeries using this service.

Secured Client IP Address

Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

25.8.1 SSH Example

This section shows an example using a graphical interface SSH client program to remotely access the ZyXEL Device. The configuration and connection steps are similar for most SSH client programs. Refer to your SSH client program user’s guide.

1 Enter the IP address and port number. Select SSH.

Note: It is recommended if you are allowing WAN access even temporarily to change the

default password (in Maintenance > User Account). To allow access from the WAN, you will need to configure a WAN to Router firewall rule. See Firewall Section

on page 173 for information on configuring firewall rules.

A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

Select All to allow any computer to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

Choose Range to just allow the computer(s) with an IP address in the range that you specify to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using this service.

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2 A window displays prompting you to store the host key in your computer. Click Yes to continue.

3 Enter your user name and password.

4 The command line interface displays.

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CHAPTER 26

26.1 Overview

These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries.

26.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens

•Use the Ping screen (Section 26.2 on page 235) to ping an IP address.

•Use the DSL Line screen (Section 26.3 on page 236) to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line.

Diagnostic

26.2 The General Screen

Use this screen to ping an IP address. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping to open the screen shown next.

Figure 125 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 92 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection. Ping Click this to ping the IP address that you entered. PingV6 Click this to ping the IPv6 address that you entered. Tra cerou teV6 Click this to display the route path and transmission delays between the AMG1302/

AMG1202-TSeries to the IPv6 address that you entered.

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26.3 The DSL Line Screen

Use this screen to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line to open the screen shown next.

Figure 126 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 93 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ATM Status Click this to view your DSL connection’s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics.

ATM is a networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixedsize packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed.

The (Segmentation and Reassembly) SAR driver translates packets into ATM cells. It also receives ATM cells and reassembles them into packets.

These counters are set back to zero whenever the device starts up.

inPkts is the number of good ATM cells that have been received. inDiscards is the number of received ATM cells that were rejected. inF4Pkts is the number of ATM Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) F4

cells that have been received. See ITU recommendation I.610 for more on OAM for ATM.

inF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been received. outPkts is the number of ATM cells that have been sent. outDiscards is the number of ATM cells sent that were rejected. outF4Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F4 cells that have been sent. outF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been sent.

ATM Loopback Test

Click this to start the ATM loopback test. Make sure you have configured at least one PVC with proper VPIs/VCIs before you begin this test. The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries sends an OAM F5 packet to the DSLAM/ATM switch and then returns it (loops it back) to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries. The ATM loopback test is useful for troubleshooting problems with the DSLAM and ATM network.

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Table 93 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

DSL Line Status Click this to view statistics about the DSL connections.

noise margin downstream is the signal to noise ratio for the downstream part of the connection (coming into the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries from the ISP). It is measured in decibels. The higher the number the more signal and less noise there is.

output power upstream is the amount of power (in decibels) that the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries is using to transmit to the ISP.

attenuation downstream is the reduction in amplitude (in decibels) of the DSL signal coming into the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries from the ISP.

Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation divides up a line’s bandwidth into sub-carriers (sub-channels) of 4.3125 KHz each called tones. The rest of the display is the line’s bit allocation. This is displayed as the number (in hexadecimal format) of bits transmitted for each tone. This can be used to determine the quality of the connection, whether a given sub-carrier loop has sufficient margins to support certain ADSL transmission rates, and possibly to determine whether particular specific types of interference or line attenuation exist. Refer to the ITU-T G.992.1 recommendation for more information on DMT.

The better (or shorter) the line, the higher the number of bits transmitted for a DMT tone. The maximum number of bits that can be transmitted per DMT tone is 15. There will be some tones without any bits as there has to be space between the upstream and downstream channels.

Reset ADSL Line Click this to reinitialize the ADSL line. The large text box above then displays the progress

and results of this operation, for example:

"Start to reset ADSL

Loading ADSL modem F/W...

Reset ADSL Line Successfully!"

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CHAPTER 27

Troubleshooting

This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories.

• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

• AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries Access and Login

• Internet Access

27.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

The AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.

1 Make sure the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries is turned on.

2 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

3 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and plugged

in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.

4 Turn the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries off and on.

5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.

1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. Section 1.5 on page 17

LABEL DESCRIPTION

WPS LED Green: successful connection

Off: connection failure

WIFI LED Green: WIFI active

Off: WIFI inactive

2 Check the hardware connections.

3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.

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4 Turn the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries off and on.

5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

27.2 AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries Access and Login

I forgot the IP address for the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.

2 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the AMG1302/

AMG1202-TSeries by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.

3 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page

19.

I forgot the password.

1 The default admin user name and password can be found on the cover of this User’s Guide.

2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page

19.

I cannot see or access the Login screen for the web configurator.

1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address.

• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.

• If you changed the IP address (Section 8.2 on page 123), use the new IP address.

• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I

forgot the IP address for the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick

Start Guide.

3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java

enabled. See Appendix C on page 273.

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4 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries with the

default IP address. See Section 1.7 on page 19.

5 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced

suggestions.

Advanced Suggestions

• Try to access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries does not respond to HTTP.

• If your computer is connected to the DSL port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a ETHERNET port.

I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

1 Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default user and default admin password

can be found on the cover page of this User’s Guide. The field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.

2 You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the AMG1302/

AMG1202-TSeries. Log out of the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out.

3 Turn the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries off and on.

4 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page

19.

I cannot Telnet to the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries.

See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen for the web

configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.

I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware.

See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen for the web

configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.

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27.3 Internet Access

I cannot access the Internet.

1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick

Start Guide and Section 27.1 on page 225.

2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-

sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.

3 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless

client are the same as the settings in the AP.

4 If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure you enabled the wireless LAN and

have selected the correct country and channel in which your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries operates in the Wireless LAN > AP screen.

5 Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.

6 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the AMG1302/ AMG1202-TSeries), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.

1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick

Start Guide and Section 27.1 on page 225.

2 Turn the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries off and on.

3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP.

The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.

1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 27.1 on page

225. If the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing

some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.

2 Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving your computer closer to the

AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).

3 Turn the AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries off and on.

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4 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced

suggestions.

Advanced Suggestions

• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.

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APPENDIX A

Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter and TCP/IP installed.

Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/Vista, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.

TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.

After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network.

If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the AMG1302/AMG1202TSeries’s LAN port.

Windows 95/98/Me

Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window.

Figure 127 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration

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Installing Component s

The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.

If you need the adapter:

1 In the Network window, click Add.

2 Select Adapter and then click Add.

3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.

If you need TCP/IP:

1 In the Network window, click Add.

2 Select Protocol and then click Add.

3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.

4 Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.

If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:

1 Click Add.

2 Select Client and then click Add.

3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.

4 Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK.

5 Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.

Configuring

1 In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click

Properties

2 Click the IP Address tab.

• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically.

• If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.

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Figure 128 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address

3 Click the DNS Configuration tab.

• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.

• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).

Figure 129 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration

4 Click the Gateway tab.

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• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.

• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add.

5 Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.

6 Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.

7 Turn on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and restart your computer when prompted.

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start and then Run.

2 In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window.

3 Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default

gateway.

Windows 2000/NT/XP

The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.

1 Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.

Figure 130 Windows XP: Start Menu

2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections

in Windows 2000/NT).

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Figure 131 Windows XP: Control Panel

3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.

Figure 132 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties

4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties.

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Figure 133 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties

5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).

• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.

• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP addres s, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields.

• Click Advanced.

Figure 134 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

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6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP

Settings tab and click OK.

Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:

•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.

•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.

• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.

• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.

•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.

• Click Add.

• Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.

• Click OK when finished.

Figure 135 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties

7 In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):

• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).

• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.

If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.

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Figure 136 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.

9 Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.

10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows

2000/NT).

11 Turn on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.

2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open

Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.

Windows Vista

This section shows screens from Windows Vista Enterprise Version 6.0.

1 Click the Start icon, Control Panel.

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Figure 137 Windows Vista: Start Menu

2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network and Internet.

Figure 138 Windows Vista: Control Panel

3 Click Network and Sharing Center.

Figure 139 Windows Vista: Network And Internet

4 Click Manage network connections.

Figure 140 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center

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5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.

Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying

that it needs your permission to continue.

Figure 141 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center

6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.

Figure 142 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties

7 The Intern et Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens (the General tab).

• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.

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• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields.

• Click Advanced.

Figure 143 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties

8 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP

Settings tab and click OK.

Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:

•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.

•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.

• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.

• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.

• Click Add.

• Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.

• Click OK when finished.

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Figure 144 Windows Vista: Advanced TCP/IP Properties

9 In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, (the General tab):

• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).

• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.

If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.

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Figure 145 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties

10 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window.

11 Click Close to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.

12 Close the Network Connections window.

13 Turn on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.

2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open

Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.

Macintosh OS 8/9

1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control

Panel.

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Figure 146 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu

2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.

Figure 147 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP

3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.

4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

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•From the Configure box, select Manually.

• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.

• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.

• Type the IP address of your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries in the Router address box.

5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

6 Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.

7 Turn on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.

Macintosh OS X

1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window.

Figure 148 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

2 Click Network in the icon bar.

•Select Automatic from the Location list.

•Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list.

• Click the TCP/IP tab.

3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.

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Figure 149 Macintosh OS X: Network

4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

•From the Configure box, select Manually.

• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.

• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.

• Type the IP address of your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries in the Router address box.

5 Click Apply Now and close the window.

6 Turn on your AMG1302/AMG1202-TSeries and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.

Linux

This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version.

Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.

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ZyXEL AMG1202T10B User Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual