ZTE ZXG BTS2 User Manual
ZXG10-BTS
Base T ransceiver St ation
Technical Manual
Version 2.9
ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830
Fax: (86) 755 26772236
URL: http: //support.zte.com.cn
E-mail: doc@zte.com.cn
LEGAL INFORMATION
Copyright © 2005 ZTE CORPORATION.
The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties. Any reproduction or distribution of
this document or any portion of this document, in any form by any means, without the prior written consent of ZTE
CORPORATION is prohibited. Additionally, the contents of this document are protected by contractual confidentiality
obligations.
All company, brand and product names are trade or service marks, or registered trade or service marks, of ZTE
CORPORATION or of their respective owners.
This document is provided “as is”, and all express, implied, or statutory warranties, representations or conditions are
disclaimed, including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title or noninfringement. ZTE CORPORATION and its licensors shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on
the information contained herein.
ZTE CORPORATION or its licensors may have current or pending intellectual property rights or applications covering the
subject matter of this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license between ZTE CORPORATION and its
licensee, the user of this document shall not acquire any license to the subject matter herein.
The contents of this document and all policies of ZTE CORPORATION, including without limitation policies related to sup port
or training are subject to change without notice.
Revision History
Date Revision No. Serial No. Description
2006/07/11 R1.2 sjzl20052373
ZTE CORPORATION
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Content s
About this Technical Manual.....................................................................xi
Purpose of this Technical Manual............................................................................. xi
Typographical Conventions.....................................................................................xii
Mouse Operation Conventions................................................................................xiii
Safety Signs.........................................................................................................xiv
How to Get in Touch ............................................................................................. xv
Customer Support ................................................................................................................. xv
Documentation Support ......................................................................................................... xv
Chapter 1..................................................................................... 1
System Architecture...................................................................................1
System Description................................................................................................. 1
System Background ................................................................................................................1
Standards Followed .................................................................................................................2
Main Functions ........................................................................................................................3
Working Principles of System................................................................................... 5
Hardware Architecture ............................................................................................6
Software Architecture.............................................................................................. 9
Controller & Maintenance Module (CMM) ................................................................................ 10
FUC ...................................................................................................................................... 13
CHP ...................................................................................................................................... 14
CIP .......................................................................................................................................15
System Features .................................................................................................. 15
Chapter 2...................................................................................17
Technical Indices..................................................................................... 17
Working Band ...................................................................................................... 17
Physical Indices .................................................................................................... 19
Dimensions, Color and Structure ............................................................................................ 19
Weight of Integrated Equipment and Weight Bearing Requirements of Equipment Room Ground
............................................................................................................................................19
Power Supply of Equipment................................................................................... 20
Voltage .................................................................................................................................20
Power Consumption ..............................................................................................................20
Environmental Conditions...................................................................................... 21
Temperature and Humidity Requirements .............................................................................. 21
Grounding Requirements ....................................................................................................... 21
Atmospheric Pressure Requirements ......................................................................................21
Lighting ................................................................................................................................ 21
Air Pollution...........................................................................................................................21
Interface Indices................................................................................................... 21
Abis Interface Indices ............................................................................................................21
Um Interface Indices .............................................................................................................22
Capacity Indices ................................................................................................... 24
Clock Indices........................................................................................................ 25
Reliability Indices.................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 3...................................................................................27
Interfaces and Communications............................................................. 27
Overview ............................................................................................................. 27
Interfaces ............................................................................................................ 28
Abis Interface ........................................................................................................................ 28
Um Interface.........................................................................................................................31
Inter-Rack Cascaded Interface of Same Site ........................................................................... 33
Interface with External Environment Monitoring System.......................................................... 34
Interfaces of Tower Amplifier System .....................................................................................34
Man-Machine Interface (MMI) ................................................................................................35
Protocol Overview................................................................................................. 35
Um Interface Physical Layer................................................................................................... 35
LapD Protocol ........................................................................................................................ 48
LapDm Protocol ..................................................................................................................... 50
RR/MM/CM Protocol...............................................................................................................53
Chapter 4...................................................................................55
System Functions.................................................................................... 55
Overview ............................................................................................................. 55
Major RF Functions ............................................................................................... 55
High Receiving Sensitivity ......................................................................................................56
Flexible Configuration ............................................................................................................56
Easy O&M ............................................................................................................................. 56
Diversity Receiving ................................................................................................................56
Frequency Hopping ...............................................................................................................56
Power Control .......................................................................................................................57
Baseband Processing ............................................................................................ 57
Signaling Processing ............................................................................................. 57
Wireless Link Management Function ....................................................................................... 57
Dedicated Channel Management Function ..............................................................................64
Public Channel Management Function..................................................................................... 78
TRX Management Function ....................................................................................................83
O&M.................................................................................................................... 86
Parameter Configuration ........................................................................................................ 87
Alarm and Status Reporting ...................................................................................................87
Online Software Loading ........................................................................................................88
Ultra Distance Coverage ........................................................................................ 89
Chapter 5...................................................................................91
Networking Modes and System Configurations..................................... 91
Networking Modes ................................................................................................ 91
System Configuration............................................................................................ 93
Number and Types of Sites .................................................................................................... 93
Base Station Configuration Principles ...................................................................................... 94
Expansion Configuration ........................................................................................................97
Configuration Example...........................................................................................................97
Appendix A..............................................................................107
Normative References........................................................................... 107
Appendix B..............................................................................109
Abbreviations ........................................................................................ 109
Appendix C..............................................................................115
Method for CDU TX Input Crossing Combiner...................................... 115
Appendix D.............................................................................117
FCC STATEMENT .................................................................................... 117
Appendix E...............................................................................119
CE STATEMENT ...................................................................................... 119
Figures........................................................................................121
Tables .........................................................................................123
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About this Technical Manual
The ZXG10 is a proprietary GSM mobile communication system of ZTE
Corporation. It consists of the ZXG10-MSS Mobile Switching Subsystem
and the ZXG10-BSS Base Station Subsystem. The ZXG10-BSS Base
Station Subsystem provides and manages radio transmission in GSM, and
it is composed of the ZXG10-BSC Base Station Controller and the ZXG10BTS Base Transceiver Station.
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is ZTE’s second generation product upgraded from
the ZXG10-BTS (V2.3). As an indoor BTS, it features large capacity,
compactness, high reliability, high cost performance ratio, comprehensive
functions, and powerful service support capability.
Purpose of this Technical Manual
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Technical Manual
introduces the working principles, functions and technical features of the
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9), and gives users a comprehensive idea about the
technical features of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
The complete set of manuals is listed as follows:
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Guide to Documentation
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Technical Manual
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Hardware Manual
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Installation Manual
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station System Test Manual
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Maintenance Manual Routine
Maintenance
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Maintenance Manual
Emergency Maintenance
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Base Transceiver Station Maintenance Manual
Troubleshooting
This manual comprises the following five chapters:
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
Chapter 1, System Architecture, describes the background, the standards
followed, major functions and the general structure of both the software
and hardware of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9). Thus users may have a general
idea about the system.
Chapter 2, Technical Indices, describes the performance indices of the
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
Chapter 3, Interfaces and Communications, describes the external
interfaces and major interface protocols of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
Chapter 4, System Functions, describes the system functions of the
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
Chapter 5, Networking and System Configuration, details various
networking modes, connections and configurations of the ZXG10-BTS
(V2.9).
Appendix A, Normative References, introduces the normative references
used in this manual.
Appendix B, Abbreviations, lists all the abbreviations used in the manual
for users’ reference.
Appendix C, Method for CDU TX Input Crossing Combiner, describes how
to deal with CDU TX input crossing a combiner.
Appendix D, FCC STATEMENT.
Appendix E, CE STATEMENT.
Typographical Conventions
ZTE documents employ with the following typographical conventions.
xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
About this Technical Manual
TABL E 1 TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS
Typeface Meaning
Italics
“Quotes” Links on screens.
Bold Menus, menu options, function names, input fields, radio
CAPS Keys on the keyboard and buttons on screens and company
Constant width
[ ] Optional parameters
{ }
| Select one of the parameters that are delimited by it
References to other guides and documents.
button names, check boxes, drop-down lists, dialog box
names, window names.
name.
Text that you type, program code, files and directory names,
and function names.
Mandatory parameters
Note: Provides additional information about a certain topic.
Checkpoint: Indicates that a particular step needs to be
checked before proceeding further.
Tip: Indicates a suggestion or hint to make things easier or
more productive for the reader.
Indicates some supplementary comments to the content.
Mouse Operation Conventions
TABL E 2 MOUSE OPERATION CONVENTIONS
Typeface Meaning
Click Refers to clicking the primary mouse button (usually the left
mouse button) once.
Double-click Refers to quickly clicking the primary mouse button (usually
the left mouse button) twice.
Right-click Refers to clicking the secondary mouse button (usually the
right mouse button) once.
Drag Refers to pressing and holding a mouse button and moving the
mouse.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xiii
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
Safety Signs
TABL E 3 SAFETY SIGNS
Safety Signs Meaning
Danger: Indicates an imminently hazardous situation, which if
not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal
word should be limited to only extreme situations.
Warning: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if
not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
Caution: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also
be used to alert against unsafe practices.
Erosion: Beware of erosion.
Electric shock: There is a risk of electric shock.
Electrostatic: The device may be sensitive to static electricity.
Microwave: Beware of strong electromagnetic field.
Laser: Beware of strong laser beam.
No flammables: No flammables can be stored.
No touching: Do not touch.
No smoking: Smoking is forbidden.
xiv Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
About this Technical Manual
How to Get in Touch
The following sections provide information on how to obtain support for
the documentation and the software.
Customer Support
If you have problems, questions, comments, or suggestions regarding
your product, contact us by e-mail at support@zte.com.cn. You can also
call our customer support center at (86) 755 26771900 and (86) 8009830-9830.
Documentation Support
ZTE welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and
usefulness of this document. For further questions, comments, or
suggestions on the documentation, you can contact us by e-mail at
doc@zte.com.cn; or you can fax your comments and suggestions to (86)
755 26772236. You can also explore our website at http:
//support.zte.com.cn, which contains various interesting subjects like
documentation, knowledge base, forum and service request.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xv
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Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xvi
Chapter 1
System Architecture
This chapter describes the background, the standards followed, major
functions, system features, working principles and the general structure of
both the software and hardware of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
System Description
System Background
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9), an indoor type macro cell BTS, is ZTE’s second
generation BTS product.
Apart from the advantages from the ZXG10-BTS (V1A), the ZXG10-BTS
(V2.9) features large capability (single cabinet holding twelve 40WTRXs),
compactness (the size similar to overseas 6-carrier unit), high reliability,
high cost performance ratio, comprehensive functions, and powerful
service support capability (supporting GPRS/EDGE data service function
and ARM adaptive multi rate voice service).
Note: AMR, which is the voice coding scheme of 3GPP, has eight rate modes
including 4.75, 5.15, 5.90, 6.70, 7.40, 7.95, 10.20 and 12.20. They can
adaptively change coding rates from terminals and networks respectively according
to different channel quality reports, which reduce influences caused by fading error
of channels, data congestion and delay, improve voice quallities to the maximum
extent. In order to implement smooth transition from GSM to 3G, the GSM
network need provide AMR-support to realize switching the roaming of mobile
phones between 2G and 3G network.
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is not only applied to the large and medium-sized
cities with heavy traffic and the districts with heavy traffic in medium and
small-sized cities, like busy business districts and airports, but also to the
districts with little traffic in medium and small cities and rural areas. In
addition, proper network planning can make it applicable to different zones
like mountains, hills and expressways.
Development of the ZXG10 BTS(V2.9) enriches ZTE’s series of BTS
products and enables the system with more flexible networking modes,
thus producing stronger market competitiveness.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
Figure 1 shows the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) in a GSM network.
FIGURE 1 BTS IN GSM NETWORK
MS
OMC
X.25 LAN
MSC/VLR AUC HLR
MS
MS
MS
Um
Um
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
Satellite
Satellite
Antenna
Satellite
Satellite
Antenna
Abis
Satellite Antenna
Abis
Satellite Antenna
BSC
BSC
A口
Gb
GGSN
PDN
MSC
PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN
PLMN
SGSN
SGSN
GGSN
Other PLMNs
TE
In a GSM network, the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is the radio transceiver for the
GSM BSS. It is controlled by BSC and serves in a certain cell.
BTS is connected to BSC through the Abis interface. It helps BSC
implement radio resources management, radio transmission with MS and
relevant control functions through the Um interface. In addition, it
implements the layer-1 and layer-2 protocols on the radio link and related
control functions.
Standards Followed
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is compatible with integrated GSM900/1800/1900.
It adopts the GSM Phase II standard, capable of smooth upgrading to
Phase II+.
Its radio frequency (RF) interface complies with ETSI TS 101 087 Version
5.0.0 GSM05.05 and GSM11.21.
2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Chapter 1 - System Architecture
Its Abis interface complies with the ITU-T G.703/ITU-T G.704 interface
standards.
Its high/low temperature indices comply with the specifications in
GSM11.21.
In terms of radio services, it complies with the following protocols and
specifications.
GSM03.60 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service description
GSM03.64 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Overall description of the
GPRS radio interface
GSM04.04 Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
Layer 1 General requirements
GSM04.06 Mobile Station - Base Station System (MS - BSS) interface Data
Link (DL) layer specification
GSM04.08 Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification
GSM04.60 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Mobile Station (MS) Base Station System (BSS) interface Radio Link Control/ Medium Access
Control (RLC/MAC) protocol
GSM05.02 Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path
GSM05.08 Radio subsystem link control
GSM08.58 Base Station Controller - Base Transceiver Station (BSC - BTS)
interface Layer 3 specification
The EMC complies with the ETSI 301489-8 and the R&TTE Directive
1999/5/EC.
Main Functions
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) has the following functions:
It supports GSM Phase I/ GSM Phase II/GSM Phase II + standards.
It supports multiple service functions:
FS: Full rate voice service
EFS: Enhanced full rate voice service
HS: Half rate voice service
AFS: Adaptive full rate voice service
AHS: Adaptive half rate voice service
F9.6: 9.6kbit/s full rate data service
F4.8: 4.8kbit/s full rate data service
F2.4: ≤2.4kbit/s full rate data service
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
GPRS/EDGE: GPRS/EDGE packet data service
It supports the GSM900, EGSM900, GSM850, GSM1800 and GSM1900
systems. Modules of different bands can be inserted in the same
cabinet. It also supports EDGE carrier module ETRM and common
carrier module TRM to be inserted in the same cabinet.
It supports CS1 ~ CS4 encoding modes of GPRS and MCS1 ~ MCS9
channel encoding modes of EGPRS, and it can adjust the channel
encoding mode dynamically according to the monitoring and
measurement results.
It supports space diversity, frequency diversity, time diversity,
polarization diversity, and maximum ratio combination diversity
technologies.
The receiving end adopts the Viterbi soft decision algorithm, improving
the channel decoding performance and increasing the system receiving
sensitivity and anti-interference capability.
It supports frequency hopping, improving the system capability against
Rayleigh fading.
It supports DTX, decreasing transmitter power, lowering total
interference level of air signals.
It supports calculation of timing advance TA.
It supports cells covered with a maximum 120 kilometers in radius.
It calculates the time advance amount.
It supports two types of power output, 40W and 80W, in the bands
GSM900 and EGSM900. It supports 40 W output in the GSM1800,
GSM1900 and GSM850 bands.
A single cabinet (40 W) supports 12 TRXs, and can be expanded to 36
TRXs at the same site. One site supports S12/12/12 expansion.
A single (80 W) supports 6 TRXs, and can be expanded to 18 TRXs at
the same site. One site supports S6/6/6 expansion.
Star, chain and tree networking modes of the Abis interface are
supported.
The Abis interface implements E1 transmission through satellite link.
Unidirectional transmission delay of the Abis interface is 260 ms.
The Abis interface supports 1: 4 TEI multiplexing of LapD signaling.
That is, it can multiplex four pieces of LapD signaling to one 64 Kbit/s
signaling timeslot through TEI
When multiple BTSs are cascaded, the automatic crossover protection
function is provided for the Abis interface link when any BTS is
powered off.
It supports preprocessing of the measurement reports of the BTS.
It supports base station power control: static, level-6; dynamical,
level-15.
It supports all paging modes specified in GSM.
It supports synchronous handover, asynchronous handover, pseudo-
synchronous handover, and pre-synchronous handover.
4 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Chapter 1 - System Architecture
The Um interface supports A51/A52 encryption algorithm.
It has an overall timely alarm system.
It supports fan alarms and internal cabinet temperature alarms.
It supports inputs for 10 pairs of external environment trunk nodes,
and outputs for 2 pairs of trunk nodes.
It provides a transparent channel for the operation and maintenance of
the external intelligent equipment.
It supports unattended BS and automatic alarm function.
It provides power supply and alarm for the built-in tower amplifier
system.
It supports Common BCCH.
Carriers of different frequency bands can be used in a cell. They share
the same BCCH and are responsible for different services.
Working Principles of System
The working principle diagram of ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is shown in Figure 2.
FIGURE 2 WORKING P RINCIPLE DIAGRAM OF ZXG10-BTS (V2.9)
Cont roll er & M ai ntenanc e U nit
Baseband Processor
Power Dist ribution Unit
Abis
Interface
B
S
C
-48V or +24VDC
Data Li nk
System Clock
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) system includes the controller & maintenance unit,
base band processor (BBP), RF unit, antenna feeder processor and power
distribution unit.
Baseband
Modulated S ignal
RF Demodulation
Signal
Control Si gnal
System Clock
Antenna Feeder Process or
RF Unit
RF Signal
Um Int erface
In the downlink direction, the BTS receives the data from BSC, including
voice and signaling data. Here, the signaling data are sent to the control,
operation & maintenance unit for processing. The voice data are first sent
to the base band processor for processing such as rate conversion,
encryption and interleaving, sent to the RF unit to be modulated to highfrequency signals, and then finally transmitted via the antenna feeder
processor.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 5
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
In the uplink direction, the antenna feeder processor receives RF signals
from MS, and sends them to the RF unit to convert them into digital
signals. Then, the signals are sent to the base band processor for rate
conversion, decryption and de-interleaving. Finally, after being converted
to the code pattern suitable for long-distance transmission, the signals are
sent to BSC through the Abis interface.
Hardware Architecture
The ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) consists of the controller & maintenance module
(CMM), transceiver module (TRM), antenna feeder equipment module
(AEM), fan control modules (FCM)and power distribution module (PDM).
The hardware architecture of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is shown in Figure 3.
FIGURE 3 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE OF ZXG10-BTS (V2.9)
ZXG10-BTS(V2)
MMI
Abis
BSC
Interface
CMM
PDM
FCM
Internal Communication Bus
TRM1
TRM2
.
.
.
TRM12
A
E
M
Um
Interface
The main functions of each module are as follows:
1. CMM
CMM implements Abis interface processing, BTS operation &
maintenance, clock synchronization and generation, internal/external
alarm collection and processing and other functions.
2. TRM
TRM controls and processes the radio channels; transmits and receives
the radio channel data; modulates and demodulates the baseband
signals on the radio carrier; and transmits and receives radio carriers
in the GSM system.
The TRM is divided into three units by function:
i. Transceiver Processing Unit (TPU)
6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Chapter 1 - System Architecture
The TPU implements all functions of baseband data processing of all
full-duplex channels on a TDMA frame, and the conversion between
LapDm protocol and LapD protocol. It supports GPRS packet data
service functions, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4 coding modes, MCS1, MCS2,
MCS3, MCS4, MCS5, MCS6, MCS7, MCS8 and MCS9 coding modes,
and 8PSK modulation modes.
ii. Radio Carrier Unit (RCU)
RCU modulates baseband signals to carrier signals and up-converts
frequency. At the same time, it down-converts the frequency of
received carrier signals. In addition, it can control the power
statically and dynamically in the downlink direction as required in
GSM specifications.
iii. Power Amplifier Unit (PAU)
PAU amplifies the power of the radio carrier to provide the BS
equipment with sufficient transmission power.
3. AEM
AEM implements the combination/distribution of air signals. It is
composed of three types of combiner/distribution units.
i. Combiner Distribution Unit (CDU)
CDU supports one 2-in-1 combiner unit and one 1-to-4 distribution
unit. It has two low noise amplifiers with extended receiving output
and one built-in duplexer.
ii. Receiver Distribution Unit (RDU)
RDU supports one 1-to-4 distribution unit and has two low-noise
amplifiers with extended receiving output and one receiving filter.
iii. Combiner Extension Unit (CEU)
CEU supports two 1-to-2 power distribution units and two 2-in-1
combiner units.
Through the combination of CDU, RDU and CEU, AEM provides
various site configurations for ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
4. FCM
In the thermal design of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9), one fan layer with two
fans is installed on each carrier shelf to ensure the system to work
normally since the carrier shelf is the major heat source.
FCM collects and monitors the temperature in the carrier shelf and use
the fans to dissipate the heat out of the cabinet.
5. PDM
PDM distributes the DC power supply (-48 V) to the modules, and
provides overload open-circuit protection and filtering of the basic
power input.
Figure 4 shows the positions of modules in a fully configured 40 W
single cabinet.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 7
ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
FIGURE 4 SINGLE CABIN ET (40 W) IN FULL CONFIGURATION
P D M
A
E
M
A
E
M
A
E
M
C M M
C M M
T
T
T
T
R
R
M/
M/
E
E
T
T
R
R
M
M
T
T
R
R
M/
M/
E
E
T
T
R
R
M
M
T
T
R
R
M/
M/
E
E
T
T
R
R
M
M
R
R
M/
E
T
R
M
T
R
M/
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635421
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612345
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635421
Figure 5 shows a fully configured 80 W single cabinet with TRM modules
consisting of two types of modules: STRU and SPA.
8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Chapter 1 - System Architecture
FIGURE 5 SINGLE CABIN ET (80 W) IN FULL CONFIGURATION
P D M
A
E
M
1
A
E
M
A
E
M
C M M
C M M
S
S
S
S
P
T
A
R
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Software Architecture
In software design, the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) adopts modular and
hierarchical concepts to facilitate future development and maintenance.
The software is distributed on boards.
There is little correlation between various software. The board software is
independent in function and associates with each other through the
internal interfaces.
The core software can be downloaded from the background, facilitating
service upgrade and version maintenance. It also provides external
interfaces, through which the software can be maintained, BTS information
can be collected, and BTS local tests can be performed.
The internal software of ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) is divided into four parts: CMM
(Controller & Maintenance Module), FUC (Frame Unit Controller), CHP
(Channel Codec Module) and CIP (Carrier Interface Processor).
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ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
Different software platforms are adopted for the software according to
their functions, as shown in Figure 6.
FIGURE 6 SOFTWARE COMPOSITION AND MODULE DIVISION OF ZXG10-BTS (V2.9)
CMM
Software
System
FUC
CHP
CIP
Controller & Maintenance Module (CMM)
CMM is the control & maintenance module of the ZXG10-BTS (V2.9).
Its main functions are as follows:
BTS status management.
BTS configuration management
BTS equipment management
BTS monitoring management
BTS test management
BTS database management
Supporting local operation and management (O&M) function, including
local parameter configurations and alarm query
The CMM software is designed in layers, as shown in Figure 7.
10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Chapter 1 - System Architecture
FIGURE 7 MODULE S TRUCTURE OF CMM SOFTWARE
APP
LMU
DBS
OSS
RUNCTRL
RUNSPT
PSOS+
BSP
O&M
LNKCTRL
LNKDRV
Hardware
The whole CMM software is divided into five layers,
1. Hardware
The physical platform on which the CMM software is running.
2. BSP (board-level support package)
BSP initializes CMM boards and provides drivers for the relevant parts
of the equipment. It provides consistent operation interfaces for the
specific details of the upper-level encapsulated hardware equipment
and simplifies the OSS design.
3. pSOS + operating system
It is a real-time multi-task operating system for commercial purposes
and with superior performance. The operating system has been
successfully applied to the next-generation BTS.
4. Operation support system (OSS) layer
in particular:
i. RUNSPT
It is the core layer of the OSS.
It is a dispatch system of the state machine, providing process
dispatch, process communication, memory management, timer
management, process monitoring and exceptional capture.
ii. RUNCTRL
It is the operation control layer of the system.
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ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
It includes the system control module and implements the poweron sequence for application processes. In addition, this layer
includes some miscellaneous functions of the operating system
such as redirection of the printing messages.
iii. LNKDRV
It is the device driver.
Working with BSP, LNKDRV provides equipment-independent
drivers for LNKCTR. At the same time, this part also includes a
frame number synchronization module, implementing the frame
number synchronization between active/standby CMMs, active
CMMs of the master rack and the secondary rack, and master CMM
and TRMs.
iv. LNKCTRL
It is the communication link control layer module.
It consists of multiple communication link control modules, like
LapD, HDLC, LMComm.
LapD communication link control module
LapD is the communication link control module of the Abis interface.
HDLC communication link control module
HDLC is the communication link control module inside the rack.
They all communicate in a point-to-point way.
There are three types of communication links: CCComm, CMComm
and CTComm.
CCComm: The CCComm is the auxiliary communication link
between the master CMM of the master rack and that of the slave
rack. Physically, it is a 2 M PCM line, which facilitates the
centralized data collection of LMU.
CMComm: As the communication link between the active CMM and
the standby CMM, it implements the data synchronization between
the active CMM and standby CMM. Physically, it uses 1 M HW.
CTComm: As the communication link between the active CMM and
1 ~ 12 TRMs of its racks, the CTComm implements the parameter
configuration of TRM and alarm collection. Physically, it uses a 64
Kbit/s timeslot in 4 M HW.
LMComm
Foreground/background link control module with RS232 as its
physical interface. It is a self-defined point-to-point link control
protocol and character-oriented single-bit stop and wait protocol.
5. APP layer:
It is the application layer, consisting of three parts:
i. O&M
As the core of the application layer, it receives the O&M messages
of the Abis interface and implements parameter configuration,
status and alarm management, software version management,
equipment test and external alarm collection.
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Chapter 1 - System Architecture
ii. DBS
The whole application layer is designed with the database as a core.
The database coordinates to assign configuration parameters and
also synchronizes data between the active and standby CMMs and
the foreground and background.
iii. LMU
It is the local O&M unit, including two parts: foreground agent and
background operation interface.
It works with the database synchronization module to complete the
local parameter configuration, equipment status and alarm
collection. It also includes operating interface of equipment test to
implement test functions of the local BTS.
The system tool part is a series of developer-oriented tools for
system diagnosis and test to rapidly locate faults.
FUC
FUC (Frame Unit Controller)
The FUC software module is located in the TPU of the TRM module. It
processes the radio signaling over every radio carrier and signaling on the
BSC interface and manages all channels. Its major functions are as follows:
1. Responsible for processing and converting GSM signaling protocols,
including the layer-2 protocol LAPD with BSC, the layer-2 protocol
HDLC with CMM, the layer-2 protocol LAPDm with the Um interface and
the layer-3 radio resources management protocol of GSM.
2. Responsible for the TDMA multi-frame framing on the Um interface,
frame number (FN) receiving, frequency hopping calculation and
management & control over CHP.
3. It also manages BTS and loads the FUC software and DCP program. It
supports global packet switching services (GPRS or PS for short).
The whole FUC software can be divided into two layers: system
software and application, as shown in Figure 8.
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ZXG10-BTS (V2.9) Technical Manual
FIGURE 8 FUC SOFTWARE MODULE STRUCTURE
APP
OAMM
RUNCTRL
RUNSPT
RSM
OSS
LNKCTR
LNKDR
PSOS+
BSP
LMA
Hardware
The concept of virtual operating system is adopted for the system software.
Based on the commercial operating system pSOS+, the running support
layer RUNSPT of the limited state machine is oriented to make the
application irrelevant with the actual real-time operating system, simplify
the application implementation and improve the application grafting.
RUNCTRL implements the power-on boot sequence of system’s modules
and some auxiliary functions of the operating system. It collects and
redirects the output messages.
The drivers are also designed with a hierarchical structure, including
equipment-dependent and equipment-independent drivers. All
communications within the current equipment adopt the address transfer
mode to reduce the overhead of the memory block copies.
The application layer contains the operation and maintenance module
(OAMM), radio signaling processing module (RSM) and local O&M agent
module (LMA).The OAMM configures and manages the software,
parameters, status and alarms of the TPU board. The RSM can be divided
into the FURRM (Radio Resource Management Module), PAGCHM (Paging
Access Channel Message Processing Module) and FHM (Frequency Hopping
Module).These modules implement the signaling flows of circuit switched
service and packet switched service according to the GSM protocol, and
they support frequency hopping. LMA is used in system debugging.
CHP
CHP (Channel Codec Module)
The CHP software module is located in the TPU of the TRM in the system.
14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
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