On-Chip PN Modulator for Spread Spectrum
Communications
■
ROM-Programmable PN Codes, up to 256 Bits ("Chips")
■
Fast Instruction Pointer - 1.0 µ s @ 12 MHz
■
Two Standby Modes - STOP and HALT
12 Input/Output Lines (One with Comparator Input)
■
(Kbytes)
RAM*
(Bytes)
Package
Information
Z87100
PN M
W
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
ODULATOR
IRELESS
Two Programmable 8-Bit Counter/Timers
6-Bit Programmable Prescaler
Six Vectored, Priority Interrupts (Two External, One
Software Generated)
Maximum Clock Speed of 12 MHz
Watch-Dog/Power-On Reset Timer
Analog Comparator with Programmable Interrupt
Polarity
On-Chip Oscillator that Accepts a RC, or External Clock
Drive
Low EMI Noise Mode
to +70 ° C Ultra-Low Power Operation at 10 kHz
T
RANSMITTER
3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Z87100 Wireless Controller is a member of the Z8
single-chip microcontroller family and is manufactured in
CMOS technology. Zilog’s CMOS Z87100 microcontroller
offers fast execution, efficient use of memory, sophisticated interrupts, input/output bit manipulation capabilities,
and easy hardware/software system expansion along with
low cost and low power consumption.
The Z87100 architecture is based on Zilog’s 8-bit microcontroller core with the addition of an Expanded Register
File which allows access to register mapped peripheral
and I/O circuits. The Z87100 offers a flexible I/O scheme
and a number of ancillary features that are useful in many
consumer, industrial, automotive, and advanced scientific
applications.
The Z87100 is designed with specific features for wireless
spread spectrum applications using direct sequence pseudo-noise (PN) modulation. With up to 256 bits (“chips”) of
DS96WRL0700
P R E L I M I N A R Y
®
specially designated “PN ROM”, one or more PN code sequences may be stored and used to PN-modulate data
generated by the Z87100. PN modulation is synchronous
with the data, using an integer number of PN chips per data
bit.
The Z87100 features an Internal Time Base Counter which
provides a real time clock for Stop-Mode Recovery or interrupt at programmable intervals of 0.25 seconds, one second, one minute and one hour. This requires an external
clock oscillator signal at 32.768 kHz.
Special PN modulator control registers allow the user to
select the desired PN modulator outputs, to choose the PN
clock source and PN sequence start address in PN ROM,
to stop/start and enable/disable the PN modulator, and to
determine whether a complete PN code sequence is modulated against a single bit or an integer fraction or multiple
of a single bit. The PN-modulated data may then be used
3-1
Z87100
Wireless TransmitterZilog
GENERAL DESCRIPTION (Continued)
with an external modulator and RF section to form a complete wireless spread spectrum transmitter.
The device's many applications demand powerful I/O capabilities. The Wireless Controller fulfills this with 12 pins
dedicated to input and output. These lines are grouped into
two ports, and are configurable under software control to
provide timing, status signals, or parallel I/O.
Three basic address spaces are available to support this
wide range of configurations; Program Memory, Register
InputOutput
Port 3
VCCGND
File, and Expanded Register File. The Register File is
composed of 124 bytes of General-Purpose Registers, two
I/O Port registers and fifteen Control and Status registers.
The Expanded Register File consists of two port registers,
four control registers and six PN modulator registers.
With powerful peripheral features such as on-board comparators, counter/timers, Watch-Dog Timer, and PN modulator, the Z87100 meets the needs for most sophisticated
wireless and low-power controller applications (Figure 1).
TMBASE
RC
Machine Timing &
Instruction Control
Time Base
Generator
Counter/
Timers (2)
Interrupt
Control
Analog
Comparator
PN
Modulator
Port 2
I/O
(Bit Programmable)
ALU
FLAG
Register
Pointer
Register File
144 x 8-Bit
WDT, POR
Prg. Memory
1024 x 8-Bit
Program
Counter
3-2
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
P R E L I M I N A R Y
DS96WRL0700
3
ZilogWireless Transmitter
Z87100
PIN DESCRIPTION
Table 1. 18-Pin DIP/SOIC Pin Identification
NoSymbolFunctionDirection
1-4P24-27Port 2, Pins 4, 5, 6, 7In/Output
5V
6RC2RC Oscillator ClockOutput
7RC1RC Oscillator ClockInput
8-9P31, P33Port 3, Pins 1, 3Fixed Input
10TMBASETime Base ClockInput
11GNDGroundInput
12-13P35-36Port 3, Pins 5, 6Fixed Output
14GNDGround Input
15-18P20-23Port 2, Pins 0, 1, 2, 3In/Output
P24
P25
P26
P27
1
2
3
4
CC
18
17
16
15
Power SupplyInput
P23
P22
P21
P20
Z87100
VCC
RC2
RC1
P31
P33
Figure 2. 18-Pin DIP/SOIC Pin Configuration
5
6
7
8
9
14
13
12
11
10
GND
P36
P35
GND
TMBASE
DS96WRL0700
P R E L I M I N A R Y
3-3
Z87100
Wireless TransmitterZilog
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING
SymDescriptionMinMaxUnits
V
T
T
Supply V oltage*–0.3+7.0V
CC
Storage Temp–65+150C
STG
Oper Ambient
A
†C
Temp
Notes:
1. *Voltage on all pins with respect to GND.
2. † See Ordering Information
STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS
The characteristics listed below apply for standard test
conditions as noted. All voltages are referenced to ground.
Positive current flows into the referenced pin (Figure 3).
Stresses greater than those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; operation of the device at
any condition above those indicated in the operational sections of these specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended period may
affect device reliability.
IoL
Threshold
Voltage
Output
Under
Test
50pF
IoH
Figure 3. Test Load Configuration
3-4
P R E L I M I N A R Y
DS96WRL0700
3
≤
≤
Z87100
ZilogWireless Transmitter
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
T
SymParameter
Max Input
Voltage
V
CH
Clock Input
High V oltage
V
CL
Clock Input
Low V oltage
V
IH
Input High
Voltage
V
IL
Input Low
Voltage
V
OH
Output High
Voltage
V
OL1
Output Low
Voltage
V
OL2
Output Low
Voltage
V
OFFSET
Comparator
Input Offset
Voltage
I
IL
Input Leakage
(Input bias
current of
comparator)
V
CC
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
3.0V
5.5V
= 0 ° C to +70 ° C
A
MinMax@ 25 ° CUnitsConditionsNotes
12
12
0.9 V
0.9 V
V
SS
V
SS
0.7 V
0.7 V
V
SS
V
SS
V
CC
V
CC
CC
CC
–0.3
–0.3
CC
CC
–0.3
–0.3
–0.4
–0.4
V
CC
V
CC
0.2 V
0.2 V
V
CC
V
CC
0.2 V
0.2 V
+0.3
+0.3
CC
CC
+0.3
+0.3
CC
CC
0.8
0.4
1.0
1.0
25
25
–1.0
–1.0
1.0
1.0
Typical
2.4
3.9
1.6
2.7
1.8
2.8
1.0
1.5
3.1
4.8
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.5
10
10
VVI
IN
I
IN
250 µ A
250 µ A
VVDriven by External Clock
Generator
VVDriven by External Clock
Generator
V
V
V
V
VVI
VVI
VVI
= –2.0 mA
OH
I
= –2.0 mA
OH
=+4.0 mA
OL
I
=+4.0 mA
OL
= 6 mA, 3 Pin Max
OL
I
= +12 mA, 3 Pin Max
O
mV
mV
µAµAVIN = OV, V
VIN = OV, V
CC
CC
DS96WRL0700
P R E L I M I N A R Y
3-5
Z87100
Wireless TransmitterZilog
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
TA= 0°C to +70°C
SymParameter
I
OL
Output
Leakage
I
CC
Supply Current 3.0V
V
CC
3.0V
5.5V
MinMax@ 25°CUnitsConditionsNotes
–1.0
–1.0
5.5V
4.5V
I
CC1
Standby
Current
3.0V
5.5V
(HALT mode)
3.0V
5.5V
I
CC2
Standby
Current
3.0V
5.5V
(STOP mode)
3.0V
5.5V
5.5V125µASTOP mode;
T
V
POR
LV
Power-On
Reset
VCC Low
3.0V
5.5V
7
3
1.502.652.1V2 MHz max Ext. CLK
Voltage
Notes:
1. V
increases as the temperature decreases.
LV
2. All outputs unloaded, I/O pins floating,
inputs at either rail, TMBASE clock input grounded.
3. CL1 = CL2 = 100 pF
= 5.5V.
CC
CC
.
4. Same as note 2 except inputs at V
5. Low EMI oscillator selected; SCLK = RC1/2;
10 kHz external oscillator with the comparator not enabled 10 µA.
10 kHz external oscillator with the comparator enabled 310 µA
RC selected for WDT; 10 kHz RC oscillator
(corresponding to R = 1.2MΩ C~ 68 pF), comparator is off.
6. Z8 in STOP moderate off; Z8 in STOP mode; WDT off.
TMBASE selected; as Z8 system clock source
Time base counter enabled; V
7. Analog Comparator disabled
1.0
1.0
8.0
15
15
4.5
7.0
2.0
4.5
10
10
TBD
TBD
24
13
Typical
4.5
9.0
10
2.0
4.0
1.0
2.5
1.0
3.0
160
200
13
7
µAµAVIN = OV, V
VIN = OV, V
mA
@ 12 MHz
mA
@ 12 MHz
µA
10 kHz; external RC
CC
CC
mAmAHALT mode VIN=0V, VCC
@12 MHz
HALT mode V
V
@ 12 MHz
CC
IN
=0V,
mAmAClock Divide-by-16
@12 MHz
Clock Divide-by-16
@ 12 MHz
µAµASTOP mode VIN = OV,
V
WDT is not Running
CC
STOP mode V
V
WDT is not Running
CC
µAµASTOP mode V
V
WDT is Running
CC
STOP mode V
V
WDT is Running
CC
= OV,
IN
= OV,
IN
= OV,
IN
TMBASE=32.768 kHz;
WDT is not Running
ms
ms
Freq.
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
6,7
1
3-6P R E L I M I N A R YDS96WRL0700
Z87100
3
ZilogWireless Transmitter
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Clock
TIN
IRQN
Clock
Setup
Stop-Mode
Recovery
Source
77
8
1
223
4
5
6
9
10
3
11
Figure 4. Additional Timing
DS96WRL0700P R E L I M I N A R Y3-7
Z87100
Wireless TransmitterZilog
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA=0°C to +70°C
12 MHz
NoSymParameter
1TpCInput Clock Period3.3V
2TrC,TfCClock Input Rise
and Fall Times
3TwCInput Clock Width3.3V
4TwTinLTimer Input
Low Width
5TwTinHTimer Input
High Width
6TpTiTimer Input Period3.3V
7TrTin,
TtTin
Timer Input Rise
and Fall Timer
8TwILInt. Request
Low Time
9TwIHInt. Request High
Time
10TwsmStop-Mode
Recovery
Width Spec
11TostRC Oscillator
Start-up Time
TwdtWatch-Dog Timer
Refresh Time
Notes:
1. Timing Reference uses 0.9 V
2. Interrupt request through Port 3 (P33-P31)
3. 5.0V ±0.5V, 3.3V ±0.3V
4. SMR-D5 = 0
5. WDT Oscillator only.
for a logic 1 and 0.1 VCC for a logic 0.
CC
V
CC
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
3.3V
5.0V
MinMaxUnitsNotes
83
83
26
26
100
70
3TpC
3TpC
8TpC
8TpC
100
70
3TpC
3TpC
12
12
15
5
30
16
60
25
250
120
100,000
100,000
15
15
100
100
5TpC
5TpC
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
Reg.4
D0=0 5
D1=05
D0=15
D1=05
D0=05
D1=15
D0=15
D1=15
3-8P R E L I M I N A R YDS96WRL0700
Z87100
3
ZilogWireless Transmitter
PIN FUNCTIONS
RC1 (RC Oscillator input). This pin connects an external
RC network or an external single-phase clock to the onchip RC oscillator.
RC2 (RC Oscillator output). This pin connects an external RC network to the on-chip RC oscillator.
P27
P26
P25
P24
Z87100
P23
P22
TMBASE (Time Base Counter Clock Input). This pin
connects an external 32 kHz clock signal to the input of an
on-chip Time Base Counter.
As a mask option, the Z87100 can be configured to initialize ("cold start") using either RC or TMBASE. Consequently, the Z87100 can be operated with either or both RC and
TMBASE clock sources.
Port 2 (I/O)
Open-Drain
P21-P26 OE
P21-P26 OUT
P21-P26 IN
P21
P20
Port 2
P21-P26
PAD
1.5 2.3 Hysteresis
Figure 5. Port 2 Configuration (P21-P26)
DS96WRL0700P R E L I M I N A R Y3-9
Z87100
Wireless TransmitterZilog
PIN FUNCTIONS (Continued)
Port 2 (P27-P20). Port 2 is an 8-bit, bidirectional, CMOS
compatible I/O port. These 8 I/O lines can be configured
under software control to be an input or output, independently. Input buffers are Schmitt-triggered. Pins programmed as outputs may be globally programmed as either push-pull or open-drain (Figure 6). In addition, when
P20 IN
Open-Drain
PN _ ENABLE (PNCON1 D0)
PNDOUT _ ENABLE (PNCON D4)
PNDOUT
P20 OUT
P20 OE
MUX
the PN modulator is enabled, and the appropriate pins are
programmed as outputs, P20 may be programmed as the
unspread data-out from the PN modulator. To provide a
monitor of this unspread data signal, P27 may similarly be
programmed as the data clock output.
P20
PAD
P27 IN
Open-Drain
PN _ ENABLE (PNCON1 D0)
PNDCLKOUT _ ENABLE (PNCON1 D5)
PNDCLKOUT
P27 OUT
P27 OE
MUX
Figure 6. Port 2 Configuration (P20-P27)
P27
PAD
3-10P R E L I M I N A R YDS96WRL0700
Z87100
3
ZilogWireless Transmitter
Port 3 (P36-P31). Port 3 is a 4-bit, CMOS-compatible port.
These four lines consist of two fixed inputs (P31, P33) and
two fixed outputs (P36-P35). P31 and P33 are standard
CMOS inputs (no auto latch) and P35 and P36 are pushpull outputs. An on-board comparator can process analog
signals on P31 with reference to the voltage on P33, where
this analog function is enabled by programming Port 3
Mode Register (bit 1). P31 is programmable as falling, ris-
P36
P35
Z87100
P33
P31
Port 3
ing, or both edge triggered interrupts (IRQ register bits 6
and 7). Access to Counter/Timer 1 is made through P31
(TIN) and P36 (T
OUT
).
When the PN modulator is enabled, P35 is automatically
configured as the output for the PN spread data, and, if desired, P36 may be programmed as the PN clock output
(Figures 7 and 8).
ZilogWireless Transmitter
PORT Configuration Register (PCON). The PORT Con-
figuration Register (PCON) configures the ports to support
comparator output on Port 3, low EMI noise on Ports 2 and
3, and low EMI noise oscillator. The PCON Register is located in the Expanded Register File at bank F, location 00
(Figure 7). Bit 0 controls the comparator use in Port 3. A 1
in this location brings the comparator output to P35 (Figure
9), and a 0 releases the port to its standard I/O configuration. Bits 5 and 6 of this register configure ports 2 and 3,
respectively, for low EMI operation. A 1 in these locations
configures the corresponding port for standard operation,
and a 0 configures the port for low EMI operation. Finally,
bit 7 of the PCON Register controls the low EMI noise oscillator. A 1 in this location configures the oscillator with
standard drive, while a 0 configures the oscillator with low
noise drive.
Low EMI Option. The Z87100 can be programmed to operate in a low EMI emission mode by the PCON register.
The RC oscillator and all I/O ports can be programmed as
low EMI emission mode independently. Use of this feature
results in:
■Less than 1 mA current consumption during the HALT
mode.
Comparator Inputs. Port 3, P31 has a comparator front
end where the comparator reference voltage is provided
by P33. In analog mode, the P33 input functions as a reference voltage to the comparators. The internal P33 register and its corresponding IRQ1 are connected to the StopMode Recovery source selected by the SMR. In this mode,
any of the Stop-Mode Recovery sources are used to toggle
the P33 bit or generate IRQ1. In digital mode, P33 can be
used as a P33 register input or IRQ1 source (Figure 9).
When P3M is programmed for analog inputs on port 3 (Bit
D1=1) that power to the comparator is on and the current
used is 300 µA if V
is VCC, and , 50 µA if V
REF
REF
is VDD.
When comparator is digital (Bit D1=0) the comparator is
off.
■Low EMI output drivers have resistance of 200 ohms
(typical).
■Internal SLCK/TCLK operation limited to a maximum of
4 MHz (250 ns cycle time).
With bit 7 of the PCON register, the gain of the RC oscillator may be selected: standard gain is intended for high performance, high speed circuits, while the low gain option is
intended for low speed, low EMI, and low current consumption applications.
Figure 9. PORT Configuration Register (PCON)
DS96WRL0700P R E L I M I N A R Y3-13
Z87100
Wireless TransmitterZilog
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The Z8® Wireless Controller incorporates special functions to enhance the Z8’s application in consumer, automotive, industrial, scientific research, and advanced technology applications.
RESET. The device can be reset through one of the following mechanisms:
■Power-On Reset
■Watch-Dog Timer
■Stop-Mode Recovery Source
The device does not re-initialize the WDTMR, SMR, P2M,
or P3M registers to their reset values on a Stop-Mode Recovery operation.
Program Memory. The Z87100 can address up to 1
Kbytes of internal program memory (Figure 10). The first
12 bytes of program memory are reserved for the interrupt
vectors. These locations contain six 16-bit vectors that correspond to the six available interrupts. Byte 13 to byte
1023 consists of on-chip, mask-programmed ROM.
ROM Protect. The 1 Kbytes of Program Memory are mask
programmable. A ROM protect feature will prevent “dumping” of the ROM contents by inhibiting execution of the
LDC and LDCI instructions to program memory in all
modes.
Expanded Register File. The register file has been expanded to allow for additional system control registers and
for mapping of additional peripheral devices and input/output ports into the register address area. The Z8 register
address space R0 through R15 is implemented as 16
groups of 16 registers per group. These register groups
are known as the ERF (Expanded Register File). Bits 3-0
of the Register Pointer (RP) select the active ERF group.
Bits 7-4 of register RP select the working register group
(Figure 11). Three system configuration registers reside in
the Expanded Register File address space in Bank F,
while six PN modulator registers reside in Bank C. The rest
of the Expanded Register addressing space is not physically implemented and is open for future expansion. To
write to the ERF, the upper nibble of the RP must be zero.
To write to the rest of the register file, the lower nibble must
be zero.
Antiheroine using Zilog's cross assembler Version 2.1 or
earlier, use theLD RP, #0X instruction rather than the SRP
#0X instruction to access the ERF.